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Samdani MN, Reza R, Morshed N, Asaduzzaman M, Islam ABMMK. Ligand-based modelling for screening natural compounds targeting Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component-7 for potential anticancer effects. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Multiomics profiling of the expression and prognosis of MCMs in endometrial carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:230367. [PMID: 34859821 PMCID: PMC8685644 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family members are a group of genes involved in regulating DNA replication and cell division and have been identified as oncogenes in various cancer types. Several experimental studies have suggested that MCMs are dysregulated in endometrial carcinoma (EC). However, the expression pattern, clinical value and functions of different MCMs have yet to be analyzed systematically and comprehensively. We analyzed expression, survival rate, DNA alteration, PPT network, GGI network, functional enrichment cancer hallmarks and drug sensitivity of MCMs in patients with EC based on diverse datasets, including Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, HPA, Sangerbox and GSCALite databases. The results indicated that most MCM members were increased in EC and showed a prognostic value in survival analysis, which were considerately well in terms of PFS and OS prognostic prediction. Importantly, functional enrichment, PPI network and GGI network suggested that MCMs interact with proteins related to DNA replication and cell division, which may be the mechanism of MCM promote EC progression. Further data mining illustrated that MCMs have broad DNA hypomethylation levels and high levels of copy number aberrations in tumor tissue samples, which may be the mechanism causing the high expression level of MCMs. Moreover, MCM2 can activate or suppress diverse cancer-related pathways and is implicated in EC drug sensitivity. Taking together, our findings illustrate the expression pattern, clinical value and function of MCMs in EC and imply that MCMs are potential targets for precision therapy and new biomarkers for the prognosis of patients with EC.
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Fei L, Ma Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Luo Y, Wang C, Zhang H, Zhang W, Han Y. RACK1 promotes lung cancer cell growth via an MCM7/RACK1/ Akt signaling complex. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40501-40513. [PMID: 28465488 PMCID: PMC5522230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM7, a member of the miniature chromosome maintenance (MCM) protein family, is crucial for the initiation of DNA replication and proliferation in eukaryotic cells. In this report, we demonstrate that RACK1 regulates cell growth and cell cycle progression in human non-small-cell lung cancer by mediating MCM7 phosphorylation through an MCM7/RACK1/Akt signaling complex. RACK1 functions as a central scaffold that brings Akt into physical proximity with MCM7. Overexpression of RACK1 increases interactions between Akt and MCM7 and promotes Akt-dependent MCM7 phosphorylation, which in turn increases MCM7 binding to chromatin and MCM complex formation. Together, these changes promote DNA replication and cell proliferation. Our findings reveal a novel signaling pathway that regulates growth in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangru Fei
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
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Seo YS, Kang YH. The Human Replicative Helicase, the CMG Complex, as a Target for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:26. [PMID: 29651420 PMCID: PMC5885281 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases unwind or rearrange duplex DNA during replication, recombination and repair. Helicases of many pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been studied as potential therapeutic targets to treat infectious diseases, and human DNA helicases as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. DNA replication machineries perform essential tasks duplicating genome in every cell cycle, and one of the important functions of these machineries are played by DNA helicases. Replicative helicases are usually multi-subunit protein complexes, and the minimal complex active as eukaryotic replicative helicase is composed of 11 subunits, requiring a functional assembly of two subcomplexes and one protein. The hetero-hexameric MCM2-7 helicase is activated by forming a complex with Cdc45 and the hetero-tetrameric GINS complex; the Cdc45-Mcm2-7-GINS (CMG) complex. The CMG complex can be a potential target for a treatment of cancer and the feasibility of this replicative helicase as a therapeutic target has been tested recently. Several different strategies have been implemented and are under active investigations to interfere with helicase activity of the CMG complex. This review focuses on the molecular function of the CMG helicase during DNA replication and its relevance to cancers based on data published in the literature. In addition, current efforts made to identify small molecules inhibiting the CMG helicase to develop anti-cancer therapeutic strategies were summarized, with new perspectives to advance the discovery of the CMG-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Soo Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6) expression correlates with histological grade and survival in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2017; 472:623-633. [PMID: 29243125 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6) is involved in initiating DNA replication and is upregulated during licensed G0 phase of the cell cycle. This early expression permits its labeling of more proliferating cells than those by Ki-67. Here using a cohort of 89 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, we report findings made on the prognostic value of MCM6 based on immunohistochemical labeling index (LI) of the protein in comparison with that of Ki67 as no such information is currently available. Additionally, we examined the prognostic values of these markers based on their mRNA expression using a cohort of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC, n = 307) taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Our evidence indicated the presence of a positive correlation between the LI of MCM6 and the histological grade of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (grade I, 66.7%; grade II, 75.3%; grade III, 81.4%; p < 0.001) and an inverse correlation between the LI of MCM6 and the overall and progression-free survival (p = 0.02 for both). The LI of Ki-67 correlated with grade (p < 0.001), but not survival. The MCM6 and Ki-67 inter-observer intra-class correlation coefficients were excellent: 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.91) and 0.84 (0.77-0.90), respectively. For in silico analyses of the TCGA cohort, both univariate and multivariate Cox analyses (p = 0.003 and p = 0.03, respectively) revealed high MCM6 mRNA Z-scores associated with reduced overall survival. This association was absent for Ki-67. MCM6 is thus a highly reproducible marker of poor prognosis in endometrial cancer. Evaluation of MCM6 should thus be considered in daily practice for risk stratification.
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Ma Y, Fei L, Zhang M, Zhang W, Liu X, Wang C, Luo Y, Zhang H, Han Y. Lamin B2 binding to minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 promotes non-small cell lung carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104813-104830. [PMID: 29285216 PMCID: PMC5739603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of lamin B2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We detected higher lamin B2 expression in 20 NSCLC tumor tissues obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas than in adjacent normal lung tissues. LMNB2-RNAi knockdown in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells inhibited colony formation, cell proliferation and G1-S cell cycle progression while increasing apoptosis. LMNB2 overexpression had the opposite effects. Tumor xenograft experiments showed diminished tumor growth with LMNB2 knockdown H1299 cells than with controls. Yeast two-hybrid studies revealed minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) to be a binding partner of lamin B2, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies. Lamin B2 binding enhanced DNA binding and helicase activities of MCM7. Deletion analysis with MCM7-N, MCM7-M or MCM7-C mutant proteins showed that lamin B2 binds to the C-terminus of MCM7, and competes with the binding of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) protein. Immunohistochemical analysis of 150 NSCLC patient samples revealed that both lamin B2 and MCM7 levels positively correlated with histological grade and tumor TNM stage. Moreover, high lamin B2 and MCM7 levels correlated with shorter overall survival of NSCLC patients. In sum, these results show that lamin B2 interaction with MCM7 promotes NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Ma
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Liangru Fei
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Neves H, Kwok HF. In sickness and in health: The many roles of the minichromosome maintenance proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zheng D, Ye S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yan D, Cai X, Gao W, Shan H, Gao Y, Chen J, Hu Z, Li H, Li J. Pre-RC Protein MCM7 depletion promotes mitotic exit by Inhibiting CDK1 activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2854. [PMID: 28588300 PMCID: PMC5460140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MCM7, a subunit of mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) complex, plays an important role in initiating DNA replication during the G1 phase and extending DNA strands during the S phase. Here, we demonstrated that MCM7 is not only sustained but maintains association with chromatin during M phase. Remarkably, MCM7 siRNA can accelerate mitotic exit. MCM7 depletion leads to CDK1 inactivation and promotes subsequent cohesin/RAD21 cleavage, which eventually leads to sister chromatin segregation. Moreover, MCM7 is co-localized with tubulin in the mitotic cells and MCM7 depletion results in aberrant mitosis. Our results indicate that MCM7 may exert certain functions on spindle formation to prevent cytokinesis during early mitosis by regulating CDK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Zheng
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sichao Ye
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daoyu Yan
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Gao
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Shan
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kong S, Han X, Cui T, Zhou C, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang B, Wang H, Zhang S. MCM2 mediates progesterone-induced endometrial stromal cell proliferation and differentiation in mice. Endocrine 2016; 53:595-606. [PMID: 26910396 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uterine decidualization characterized by stromal cell proliferation and differentiation is critical to the establishment of pregnancy in many species. Progesterone is a key factor in regulating endometrial cell decidualization, however, the molecular basis involved in mediating the effects of progesterone during decidualization remains largely unknown. We report here that the DNA replication licensing factor MCM2, one of the conserved set of six-related proteins (MCM complex: MCM2-7) essential for eukaryotic DNA replication, is dynamically expressed in both proliferative and differentiated stromal cells during mouse periimplantation uterus. Applying PR-knockout mouse model and pharmacological strategy, we further found that the expression of Mcm2 is induced by progesterone action in the mouse uterine stroma. Employing a primary cell culture system, we further demonstrated that siRNA-mediated silencing of MCM2 arrests the cell cycle at G1-S transition during stromal cell proliferation. Moreover, the downregulation of Mcm2 could also compromise stromal cell differentiation. Collectively, our studies uncovered the role of a unique DNA replication licensing molecule MCM2 in mediating Progesterone-induced stromal cell decidualization in mouse uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangbo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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Lemetre C, Vieites B, Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S, Schultheis AM, Marchiò C, Murali R, Lopez-García MA, Palacios JC, Jungbluth AA, Terracciano LM, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B. RNASeq analysis reveals biological processes governing the clinical behaviour of endometrioid and serous endometrial cancers. Eur J Cancer 2016; 64:149-58. [PMID: 27420608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma comprises a group of tumours with distinct histologic and molecular features and clinical behaviour. Here, we sought to define the biological processes that govern the clinical behaviour of endometrial cancers. METHODS Sixteen prototype genes representative of different biological processes that would likely play a role in endometrial and other hormone-driven cancers were defined. RNA-sequencing gene expression data from 323 endometrial cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to determine the transcription module of each prototype gene. The expression of prototype genes and modules and their association with outcome was assessed in univariate and multivariate survival analyses. The association of MSH6 expression with outcome was validated in an independent cohort of 243 primary endometrial cancers using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We observed that the clinical behaviour of endometrial cancers as a group was associated with hormone receptor signalling, PI3K pathway signalling and DNA mismatch repair processes. When analysed separately, in endometrioid carcinomas, hormone receptor, PI3K and DNA mismatch repair modules were significantly associated with outcome in univariate analysis, whereas the clinical behaviour of serous cancers was likely governed by apoptosis and Wnt signalling. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that MSH6 gene expression was associated with outcome of endometrial cancer patients independently from traditional prognostic clinicopathologic parameters, which was confirmed in an independent cohort at the protein level. CONCLUSION Endometrioid and serous endometrial cancers are underpinned by distinct molecular pathways. MSH6 expression levels may be associated with outcome in endometrial cancers as a group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lemetre
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Begoña Vieites
- Department of Pathology, University of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Schultheis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Lopez-García
- Department of Pathology, University of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose C Palacios
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Yen CS, Su ZR, Lee YP, Liu IT, Yen CJ. miR-106b promotes cancer progression in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5183-5192. [PMID: 27298561 PMCID: PMC4893465 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of miR-106b on tumor progression in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: A total of 120 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC at National Cheng Kung University Hospital were enrolled in the present study. MicroRNA (miRNA) array was first used to screen the miRNA expression profiles in HCC patients. The clinical records were retrospectively analyzed, and correlations with the miRNA expression profiles were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of the miR-106b-25 cluster (miR-106b, miR-93 and miR-25), and MCM7 in tumor and non-tumor samples were quantitated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) analysis, and correlations in the levels of miR-106b, miR-93 and miR-25 expression were calculated. Kaplan-Meier overall and disease-free survival rates of HBV-associated HCC patients were analyzed using the log-rank test based on miR-106b expression. The comparison of the miR-106b expression levels in patients with different clinical outcomes was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Furthermore, a hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) expression plasmid was transfected into Huh7 and Hep 3B cells. The expression levels of the miR-106b-25 cluster and MCM7 in HBx-expressing Huh7 and Hep 3B cells were detected using q-RT-PCR.
RESULTS: miRNA array screening showed that miR-106b and its cluster, miR-93 and miR-25 were up-regulated in HCC patients (P < 0.01). The value of miR-106b expression in HBV-associated HCC patients was significantly higher than that in HCV- (P < 0.05) or non-B/non-C- (P < 0.001) associated HCC patients. The expression of the miR-106b-25 cluster was significantly higher in tumor tissue (P < 0.001) and associated with the host gene, MCM7, in clinical specimens from HBV-associated HCC patients. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-106b, miR-93 and miR-25 were positively correlated in HBV-associated HCC tissues (miR-106 vs miR-93, r = 0.75; miR-93 vs miR-25, r = 0.69; miR-106b vs miR-25, r = 0.33). The overall and disease-free survival curves showed that high-miR-106b expression was correlated with the poor prognosis of HBV-associated HCC. HCC differentiation was significantly correlated with miR-106b expression (P < 0.05). Lower miR-106b expression levels resulted in the well differentiation of HCC. Moreover, the expression of the miR106b-25 cluster and MCM7 was up-regulated in Huh7 and Hep 3B cells after transfection with the HBx expression plasmid.
CONCLUSION: The data obtained in the present study suggests that HBx enhances miR-106b transcription to promote tumor progression in HBV-associated HCC.
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12
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Coli A, Asa SL, Fadda G, Scannone D, Chiloiro S, De Marinis L, Lauretti L, Ranelletti FO, Lauriola L. Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as prognostic marker of tumor aggressiveness in pituitary adenoma patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:307-14. [PMID: 26620390 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is currently regarded as a useful prognostic marker of pituitary adenoma (PA) clinical behavior, although its relevance as a reliable clinical indicator is far from being universally accepted, since both validations and criticisms are found in the literature. Minichromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7), a cell-cycle regulator protein, has been recently proposed as a marker of tumor aggressiveness in tumors from many sites, including the CNS. Therefore, we evaluated MCM7, in comparison to Ki-67, as a potential marker of clinical outcome in PA. DESIGN AND METHODS In this single-institution retrospective study, 97 patients with PA (23 ACTH, 12 GH, 29 PRL, 10 FSH/LH, and 23 non-secreting adenomas) were recruited and the prognostic value of both MCM7 and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, p53 nuclear expression and mitotic index were also evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-six of the 97 PA patients recurred during the follow-up period. Cox's regression analysis showed that high nuclear expression of MCM7 LI, unlike Ki-67 LI, was directly associated with a higher (7.7-fold) risk of recurrence/progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis of recurrence/progression-free survival curves revealed that patients with high MCM7 LI (≥15%) had a shorter recurrence/progression-free survival than those with low MCM7 LI (<15%). Moreover, among patients with invasive tumors, high MCM7 LI identified those with the highest risk of recurrence/progression. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study suggest that MCM7 is a prognostic marker of clinical outcome in PA patients, more reliable and informative than Ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Coli
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Scannone
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Chiloiro
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Marinis
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco O Ranelletti
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Department of Anatomic PathologyCatholic University, Largo F Vito 1, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of EndocrinologyNeurosurgeryHistologyCatholic University, Rome, Italy
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13
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Deraco M, Cabras A, Baratti D, Kusamura S. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 (MCM7), Topoisomerase IIα, and Ki-67 in Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Patients Using Tissue Microarray. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:4344-51. [PMID: 25777091 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray (TMA) were used to perform a prognostic analysis of markers related to cell proliferation in diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM). METHODS Clinicopathologic data were extracted from a prospectively collected database containing cases of peritoneal mesothelioma treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1995 to 2013. Eighty-one DMPM patients were recruited and their tissue samples were used to construct TMAs. We evaluated the immunoexpressions of markers related to cell proliferation-topoisomerase IIα, minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7), and Ki-67-and then conducted a multivariate Cox model to identify the predictors of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among the following parameters: age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, baseline serum albumin, Charlson Comorbidity Index, previous systemic chemotherapy, histological subtype (epithelioid vs. biphasic/sarcomatoid), peritoneal cancer index, completeness of cytoreduction (CC), and proliferative biological markers. RESULTS The rates of high/intermediate immunoreactivity were 95 % for topoisomerase IIα and 90 % for MCM7, and the median Ki-67 labeling index was 5 %. The independent predictors of OS were baseline serum albumin >3.5 g/dl, CC, and Ki-67 >5 %, whereas those for PFS were an ECOG performance status of 0, baseline serum albumin >3.5 g/dl, Charlson Comorbidity Index >3, previous systemic chemotherapy, morbidity G3-5, and Ki-67 >5 %. The remaining biological markers were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS Ki-67 was found to be a new powerful determinant of outcome. Patients with a Ki-67 labeling index >5 % carry a very poor prognosis and do not benefit from the combined procedure. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the present data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Deraco
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Program, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonello Cabras
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Baratti
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Program, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Shigeki Kusamura
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Program, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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14
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Karmon AE, Cardozo ER, Rueda BR, Styer AK. MicroRNAs in the development and pathobiology of uterine leiomyomata: does evidence support future strategies for clinical intervention? Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:670-87. [PMID: 24706045 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leiomyomata (fibroids) are benign tumors of the uterus, represent the most common neoplasms of reproductive-aged women and have a prevalence of ∼70% in the general population. This disorder conveys a significant degree of morbidity and remains the leading indication for hysterectomy in the USA. Prior investigations of aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression in various malignancies have provided invaluable insight into the role of this class of small non-coding RNAs in tumor growth. Evidence of irregular miRNA expression in uterine fibroids has garnered recent interest for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Since miRNA gene targets modulate several processes implicated in the genesis of uterine fibroids, more focused investigation has the potential to elucidate the functional significance of miRNA in the genesis and pathology of the disease. METHODS Comprehensive electronic searches of peer reviewed published literature in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) were performed for content related to the biologic functions of miRNA, the roles of miRNA in human disease and studies investigating miRNA in the context of uterine leiomyomata. Herein, this article will review the current evidence supporting the use of miRNA expression profiling as an investigative tool to assess the pathobiology of uterine fibroids and will discuss potential future applications of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. RESULTS Mounting evidence supports a functional role for miRNA as either indirect or direct regulators of gene expression which impacts the pathobiology of uterine fibroids. Specifically, miRNAs let-7, 200a, 200c, 93, 106b and 21 have been implicated in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix turnover, angiogenesis and inflammation. Preliminary data provide evidence to suggest that respective in vitro miRNA expression in leiomyomata and myometrium is regulated by sex steroids. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the identification of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in uterine leiomyomata and accumulating data derived from mining of gene target prediction models and recent functional studies support the concept that miRNAs might impact the genesis and progression of disease. However, the specific biologic functions of differential miRNA expression have yet to be confirmed in vivo. Further functional studies and developing miRNA technology may provide the basis for future applications of miRNAs in clinical medicine as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatte E Karmon
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eden R Cardozo
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron K Styer
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Kang W, Tong JHM, Chan AWH, Cheng ASL, Yu J, To K. MCM7 serves as a prognostic marker in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma and siRNA-mediated knockdown suppresses its oncogenic function. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2071-8. [PMID: 24647462 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM7 (mini-chromosome maintenance protein 7) is essential for the initiation of genomic replication as a component of the pre-replication complex. The present study aimed to analyze its expression, clinical significance and biological functions in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The MCM7 protein was upregulated in all 9 GAC cell lines. In 6 paired primary GACs, MCM7 was upregulated in tumor compared with the corresponding non-tumorous gastric tissues. In normal gastric epithelium tissue, MCM7 was strictly expressed in the proliferative compartment. MCM7 knockdown by siRNA in gastric cancer cell line AGS and NCI-N87 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, inhibited monolayer colony formation, reduced cell invasion and induced late apoptosis. Its nuclear expression correlated with advanced age and poorer disease specific survival in diffuse-type GACs. All the findings supported that MCM7 might play an oncogenic role in gastric tumorigenesis. It serves as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in diffuse-type GACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Joanna H M Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kafai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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16
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Matias-Guiu X, Davidson B. Prognostic biomarkers in endometrial and ovarian carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:315-31. [PMID: 24504546 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the main prognostic and predictive biomarkers of endometrial (EC) and ovarian carcinoma (OC). In EC, prognosis still relies on conventional pathological features such as histological type and grade, as well as myometrial or lymphovascular space invasion. Estrogen receptor, p53, Ki-67, and ploidy analysis are the most promising biomarkers among a long list of molecules that have been proposed. Also, a number of putative predictive biomarkers have been proposed in molecular targeted therapy. In OC, prognosis is predominantly dependent on disease stage at diagnosis and the extent of residual disease at primary operation. Diagnostic markers which aid in establishing histological type in OC are available. However, not a single universally accepted predictive or prognostic marker exists to date. Targeted therapy has been growingly focused at in recent years, in view of the frequent development of chemoresistance at recurrent disease. The present review emphasizes the crucial role of correct pathological classification and stringent selection criteria of the material studied as basis for any evaluation of biological markers. It further emphasizes the promise of targeted therapy in EC and OC, while simultaneously highlighting the difficulties remaining before this can become standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain,
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17
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Zhang XY, Tang LZ, Ren BG, Yu YP, Nelson J, Michalopoulos G, Luo JH. Interaction of MCM7 and RACK1 for activation of MCM7 and cell growth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:796-805. [PMID: 23313748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MCM7 is one of the pivotal DNA replication licensing factors in controlling DNA synthesis and cell entry into S phase. Its expression and DNA copy number are some of the most predictive factors for the growth and behavior of human malignancies. In this study, we identified that MCM7 interacts with the receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1), a protein kinase C (PKC) adaptor, in vivo and in vitro. The RACK1 binding motif in MCM7 is located at the amino acid 221-248. Knocking down RACK1 significantly reduced MCM7 chromatin association, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle entry into S phase. Activation of PKC by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate dramatically decreased MCM7 DNA replication licensing and induced cell growth arrest. Activation of PKC induced redistribution of RACK1 from nucleus to cytoplasm and decreased RACK1-chromatin association. The MCM7 mutant that does not bind RACK1 has no DNA replication licensing or oncogenic transformation activity. As a result, this study demonstrates a novel signaling mechanism that critically controls DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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18
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Thangavel C, Boopathi E, Ertel A, Lim M, Addya S, Fortina P, Witkiewicz AK, Knudsen ES. Regulation of miR106b cluster through the RB pathway: mechanism and functional targets. Cell Cycle 2012; 12:98-111. [PMID: 23255112 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The RB pathway plays a critical role in proliferation control that is commonly subverted in tumor development. However, restoration of RB pathway function can be elicited in many tumor cells by the inhibition of CDK4/6 activity that leads to dephosphorylation of RB and subsequent repression of E2F-mediated transcription. In this context, active RB/E2F complexes inhibit the expression of a critical program of coding genes that promote cell cycle progression. However, the non-coding RNA target genes downstream from RB that could be relevant for tumor biology remain obscure. Here, miRNA gene expression profiling identified the miR106b cluster as being efficiently repressed with CDK4/6 inhibition in an E2F and RB-dependent manner. Importantly, the miR106B-cluster is intragenic of MCM7, and through a series of functional studies, the basis of MCM7 regulation and concordant expression of the miRNA species within the 106b cluster was determined. Importantly, RB-mediated repression of the 106b cluster enhances the transcript levels of p21Cip1 and PTEN. These data provide a mechanistic basis for cross-talk between the RB pathway and p21 and PTEN through the regulation of the MCM7/miR106b locus.
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19
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Chuang TD, Luo X, Panda H, Chegini N. miR-93/106b and their host gene, MCM7, are differentially expressed in leiomyomas and functionally target F3 and IL-8. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1028-42. [PMID: 22556343 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-93/106b and their host gene minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) reside at chr7q22, a region frequently rearranged in leiomyomas. We explored the expression of miR-93/106b in leiomyoma and paired myometrium (n = 63) from untreated and patients exposed to hormonal therapies (GnRH agonist, Depo-Provera, and oral contraceptives) from African-Americans and Caucasians and their regulatory functions in isolated paired (n = 15) leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells and the leiomyosarcoma cell line. At tissue level leiomyomas expressed significantly lower levels of miR-93 and elevated MCM7 as compared with myometrium with limited racial influence or hormonal exposure on their expression. Assessing the regulatory function of miR-93/106b through doxycycline-inducible lentiviral transduction in a microarray analysis, tissue factor (F3) and IL8 were identified as their possible targets. At the tissue level, leiomyomas expressed a significantly lower level of F3 and an elevated IL-8 level, which exhibited an inverse relationship with miR-93 but with limited racial or hormonal influences. The gain of function of miR-93/106b in leiomyoma smooth muscle cells, myometrial smooth muscle cells, and the leiomyosarcoma cell line dose dependently repressed F3 and IL8 through direct interactions with their respective 3'-untranslated region and indirectly through F3 repression inhibited IL8, CTGF, and PAI-1 expression, confirmed by using small interfering RNA silencing or factor Vlla (FVIIa) activation of F3, as well as reducing the rate of proliferation, while increasing caspase-3/7 activity. We concluded that differential expression of miR-93/106b and their direct and/or indirect regulatory functions on F3, IL8, CTGF, and PAI-1 expression, with key roles in inflammation and tissue turnover may be of significance in the outcome of leiomyoma growth and associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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20
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Abstract
Background: Our purpose was to investigate if dysregulation of cell adhesion molecules could be linked to prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the anal region. Methods: Protein expression of desmoglein-1 (DSG1), desmocollin-1 (DSC1) and E-cadherin was studied by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 53 anal carcinoma patients treated by radiation alone or combined with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C. Results: Univariate analyses identified, among others, negative membranous DSG1 staining (P=0.009), negative cytoplasmic DSC1 staining (P=0.012) and negative DSG1 (membranous)+negative DSC1 (cytoplasmic) staining (P=0.004) to be associated with improved cancer-specific survival (CSS). On multivariate analyses positive DSG1 (membranous)+DSC1 (cytoplasmic) staining (HR 6.95, P=0.044), large tumour size and lymph node metastases (HR 6.44, P=0.004) and radiation without chemotherapy (HR 6.73 P=0.004) were associated with worse CSS. On univariate analysis, improved disease-free survival was associated with negative membranous staining of DSG1 (P=0.047), and negative DSG1 (membranous)+negative DSC1 (cytoplasmic) staining (P=0.025), among others. Conclusion: Membrane negativity for DSG1 and cytoplasmic negativity for DSC1 are favourable markers for CSS in SCCs of the anal region.
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21
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Henson SE, Morford T, Stein MP, Wall R, Malone CS. Candidate genes contributing to the aggressive phenotype of mantle cell lymphoma. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:729-42. [PMID: 21145576 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma are lymphocyte cancers that have similar morphologies and a common age of onset. Mantle cell lymphoma is generally an aggressive B cell lymphoma with a short median survival time, whereas small lymphocytic lymphoma is typically an indolent B cell lymphoma with a prolonged median survival time. Using primary tumor samples in bi-directional suppression subtractive hybridization, we identified genes with differential expression in an aggressive mantle cell lymphoma versus an indolent small lymphocytic lymphoma. "Virtual" Northern blot analyses of multiple lymphoma samples confirmed that a set of genes was preferentially expressed in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma compared to indolent small lymphocytic lymphoma. These analyses identified mantle cell lymphoma-specific genes that may be involved in the aggressive behavior of mantle cell lymphoma and possibly other aggressive human lymphomas. Interestingly, most of these differentially expressed genes have not been identified using other techniques, highlighting the unique ability of suppression subtractive hybridization to identify potentially rare or low expression genes.
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MESH Headings
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Phenotype
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Henson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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22
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Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) and AgNOR proteins expression in desmoid tumours: a tissue microarray analysis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011; 48:581-8. [PMID: 21478101 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, nuclear proliferative proteins: MCM2, MCM5, MCM7, Ki-67 and AgNORs expression was assessed in paraffin sections from sporadic desmoid tumours using a tissue microarray (TMA)-based immuno- and histochemistry, respectively. Nuclear expression of MCM7, where the percentage of positive cells was 0.87% (± 1.64) (range 0-5%), was found in 4/20 (20.0%) cases. In 32/32 (100%) of the examined desmoid cases no expression of nuclear proteins MCM2 and MCM5 was detected. Nuclear expression of Ki-67 was observed in 4/21 (19%) cases. Paraffin sections from 30 cases of desmoid tumours were silver-stained to visualize AgNORs. The following AgNOR parameters were calculated: mean AgNOR number per nucleus (N), mean AgNOR area per nucleus, mean AgNOR dot area per nucleus (A), and mean AgNOR content (C = N/A). In the investigated group the mean values of AgNOR parameters were the following number: 4.34 (± 0.11); area: 0.74 μm2 (± 0.19); dot area: 0.18 m2 (± 0.01), and AgNOR content: 23.73 (± 1.85). The mean AgNOR number per nucleus and mean AgNOR content in desmoid tumours were statistically significantly higher as compared to the controls (tonsil tissue) (p<0.001). This study observed low level of MCM7 and Ki-67 and lack of MCM2, MCM5 proteins expression which may explain commonly known low mitotic activity of desmoid tumour cells. The morphology of dots related to AgNORs (number, area) and their morphometric parameters point to elevated transcriptional activity of desmoid cells.
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Luo JH. Oncogenic activity of MCM7 transforming cluster. World J Clin Oncol 2011; 2:120-4. [PMID: 21603321 PMCID: PMC3095470 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The miniature chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is a group of proteins that are essential for DNA replication licensing and control of cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Recent studies suggest that MCM7 is overexpressed and amplified in a variety of human malignancies. MCM7 genome sequence contains a cluster of miRNA that has been shown to downregulate expression of several tumor suppressors including p21, E2F1, BIM and pTEN. The oncogenic potential of MCM7 and its embedded miRNA has been demonstrated vigorously in in vitro experiments and in animal models, and they appear to cooperate in initiation of cancer. MCM7 protein also serves as a critical target for oncogenic signaling pathways such as androgen receptor signaling, or tumor suppressor pathways such as integrin α7 or retinoblastoma signaling. This review analyzes the transforming activity and signaling of MCM7, oncogenic function of miRNA cluster that is embedded in the MCM7 genome, and the potential of gene therapy that targets MCM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Luo
- Jian-Hua Luo, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as a potential prognostic factor for progression-free survival in high-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:277-87. [PMID: 21076460 PMCID: PMC3964599 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) is involved in replicative licensing and synthesis of DNA. It was previously identified as an overexpressed gene in high-grade serous carcinomas compared with serous borderline tumors of the ovary in cDNA microarray studies. In this study, we sought to validate MCM7 expression in 342 ovarian tumors on tissue microarrays. MCM7 expression was quantified as the MCM7 labeling index, and it was independently generated by two methods: a score provided by manual review of each sample by a pathologist observer and by an automated cellular imaging system. Analyses of MCM7 scores indicated a high degree of concordance and distribution between the observer- and machine-generated MCM7 labeling indexes. MCM7 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous carcinomas than in serous borderline tumors or other histological subtypes of ovarian cancer. For both observer- and machine-derived scores, univariate analyses indicated the significant association of a high MCM7 labeling index with better progression-free survival in high-grade serous carcinomas. These results suggest the clinical importance of MCM7 expression in high-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary and the need for further evaluation of MCM7 as a potential prognostic factor in ovarian cancer.
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Inhibition of prostate cancer growth and metastasis using small interference RNA specific for minichromosome complex maintenance component 7. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:694-9. [PMID: 20539323 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Minichromosome complex maintenance component 7 (MCM7) is a critical component of DNA replication licensing. Amplification and overexpression of MCM7 leads to high rate of prostate cancer metastasis. Recent studies indicate that MCM7 genome encodes a putative 'super-oncogene' cluster including MCM7 oncogene and a miRNA cluster that knocks down the expression of several critical tumor-suppressor genes. In this study, we constructed a vector that constitutively expresses small interference RNA (siRNA) specific for MCM7. Introduction of this vector into prostate cancer cell lines PC3 or Du145 decreases the expression of MCM7 by 80%. The vector inhibits DNA synthesis and generates growth arrest of these cancer cells. Severe combined immunodeficient mice were xenografted PC3 or Du145 tumors, and subsequently treated with this vector through tail vein injection with polyethylenimine. The animals had dramatically smaller tumor volume, less metastasis and better survival rate in comparison with the controls. As a result, intervention of MCM7 expression using siRNA approach may hold the promise for treating androgen refractory prostate cancer.
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Köhler CU, Kreuter A, Rozynkowski MC, Rahmel T, Uhl W, Tannapfel A, Schmidt WE, Meier JJ. Validation of different replication markers for the detection of beta-cell proliferation in human pancreatic tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 162:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kimura F, Kawamura J, Watanabe J, Kamoshida S, Kawai K, Okayasu I, Kuwao S. Significance of cell proliferation markers (Minichromosome maintenance protein 7, topoisomerase IIalpha and Ki-67) in cavital fluid cytology: can we differentiate reactive mesothelial cells from malignant cells? Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 38:161-7. [PMID: 19821496 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether immunocytochemical expressions of proliferation markers, such as minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM 7), topoisomerase IIalpha (topo IIalpha), and Ki-67, in reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells obtained from cavital fluids could be useful for their differential diagnosis. Samples diagnosed as reactive mesothelial cells (14 cases) or malignant tumors (28 cases) in cavital fluids were examined. Immunocytochemical staining of MCM 7, topo IIalpha, and Ki-67 was performed with the universal immunoperoxidase polymer method. In reactive mesothelial cells, MCM 7 was stained in a fine granular pattern and its distribution was uniform in the nuclei. Topo IIalpha and Ki-67 were stained in a coarse granular pattern and the distributions were the same as MCM 7. In contrast, in malignant cells, MCM 7 was stained in an irregular and fine granular pattern, and topo IIalpha and Ki-67 were stained in a uniform and coarse granular pattern. Labeling indices of MCM 7 (cut-off value; 30%, sensitivity; 100%, and specificity; 100%), topo IIalpha (cut-off value; 15%, sensitivity; 89.3%, and specificity; 92.9%) and Ki-67 (cut-off value; 30%, sensitivity; 64.3%, and specificity; 92.9%) of malignant cells were significantly higher than those of reactive mesothelial cells. MCM 7, topo IIalpha, and Ki-67 are different types of cell proliferation markers. MCM 7 and topo IIalpha, in particular, could be reliable tools for differential diagnosis between reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Kimura
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Higashiyamato Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tamura T, Shomori K, Haruki T, Nosaka K, Hamamoto Y, Shiomi T, Ryoke K, Ito H. Minichromosome maintenance-7 and geminin are reliable prognostic markers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:328-34. [PMID: 20136698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins act as the origin licensing machinery that regulates initiation of DNA replication. Geminin is a licensing repressor and prevents reinitiation of DNA replication by blocking reloading of MCM proteins at replication origins. Recent studies have proposed that MCM7 and geminin may be sensitive proliferative and prognostic markers of various malignant tumors. This study aimed to analyze the expression of MCM7 and geminin to clarify pathobiological significance in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). METHODS We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 10 specimens of normal oral epithelia, 50 lesions with dysplasia and 113 OSCCs. Labeling indices (LIs) for MCM7, geminin and Ki-67 were evaluated, comparing with clinicopathological profiles. RESULTS The mean LIs for MCM7 were 29.2% for normal epithelia, 32.2% for dysplasias, and 51.1% for OSCCs; the value was significantly higher in the last than in the former two (P < 0.01). The mean LIs for geminin were 6.8% for normal epithelia, 9.2% for dysplasias, and 21.3% for OSCCs; the value was significantly higher in the OSCCs (P < 0.01). The MCM7 LIs were correlated with the histological grade of OSCCs, in which the highest LIs were noted in the poorly differentiated type (P < 0.01). The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with a higher MCM7 LI (>49.5%) than in those with a lower LI (P < 0.05) at stage III-IV. However, the survival rate in the patients with a higher geminin LI (>19.5%) was significantly higher than in those with a lower LI (P < 0.05) at stage IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tamura
- Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
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Brosh R, Rotter V. Transcriptional control of the proliferation cluster by the tumor suppressor p53. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:17-29. [DOI: 10.1039/b911416e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ahn JH, Chang HK. Expression of Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 and Smad 4 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2010.44.4.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Chang
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Abstract
Housekeeping (HK) genes are involved in basic cellular functions and tend to be constitutively expressed across various tissues and conditions. A number of studies have analyzed the value of HK genes as an internal standard for assessing gene expression, but the role of HK genes in cancer development has never been specifically addressed. In this study, we sought to evaluate the expression of HK genes during prostate tumorigenesis. We performed a meta-analysis of gene expression during the transition from normal prostate (NP) to localized prostate cancer (LPC) (i.e., NP > LPC) and from localized to metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) (i.e., LPC > MPC). We found that HK genes are more likely to be differentially expressed during prostate tumorigenesis than is the average gene in the human genome, suggesting that prostate tumorigenesis is driven by modulation of the expression of HK genes. Cell-cycle genes and proliferation markers were up-regulated in both NP > LPC and LPC > MPC transitions. We also found that the genes encoding ribosomal proteins were up-regulated in the NP > LPC and down-regulated in the LPC > MPC transition. The expression of heat shock proteins was up-regulated during the LPC > MPC transition, suggesting that in its advanced stages, prostate tumor is under cellular stress. The results of these analyses suggest that during prostate tumorigenesis, there is a period when the tumor is under cellular stress and, therefore, may be the most vulnerable and responsive to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Byun
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Lionetti M, Agnelli L, Mosca L, Fabris S, Andronache A, Todoerti K, Ronchetti D, Deliliers GL, Neri A. Integrative high-resolution microarray analysis of human myeloma cell lines reveals deregulated miRNA expression associated with allelic imbalances and gene expression profiles. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:521-31. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Fujioka S, Shomori K, Nishihara K, Yamaga K, Nosaka K, Araki K, Haruki T, Taniguchi Y, Nakamura H, Ito H. Expression of minichromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7) in small lung adenocarcinomas (pT1): Prognostic implication. Lung Cancer 2009; 65:223-9. [PMID: 19144445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins, essential molecules in the initiation and elongation of DNA replication, have been considered to be good indicators of cell proliferation. We examined the expressions of MCM7 and Ki-67 in lung adenocarcinomas (ACs) with a diameter less than 3cm (pT1), to clarify their pathobiological significance. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to obtain labeling indices (LIs%) for MCM7, MCM2 and Ki-67 in 100 surgically removed pT1 ACs. The LIs were compared with clinicopathological profiles and overall survival rates. The mean LIs of MCM7 and Ki-67 were 20.2+/-15.2% and 13.7+/-11.2%, the value being higher in the former than in the latter (P<0.01). MCM7 LIs were significantly correlated with sex, histological grade, histological subtype, tumor size, LIs of Ki-67, MCM2 and P53 (P<0.05). LIs of MCM7 and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the 84 non-bronchioloalveolar carcinomas than in the 16 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with higher MCM7 LIs had poorer prognosis in the 100 pT1 ACs as well as in the 73 stage I ACs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that the LIs of MCM7, but not the LIs of MCM2 and Ki-67, was an independent prognostic marker in the 73 stage I ACs. These results suggest that MCM7 is an independent prognostic marker, being more reliable than MCM2 or Ki-67 in human pT1 ACs as well as in human stage I ACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Fujioka
- Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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The prognostic value of molecular biomarkers in tissue removed by curettage from FIGO stage 1 and 2 endometrioid type endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:78.e1-8. [PMID: 18976730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prognostic value of molecular biomarkers in curettages of endometrioid endometrial cancer pathologic FIGO stages 1 and 2. STUDY DESIGN Population-based survival analysis in 258 patients of classical prognostic features and molecular biomarkers of cell cycle regulation, (anti)apoptosis, proliferation, squamous differentiation, and PTEN/Akt pathway. RESULTS With 74 months median follow-up (range, 1-209), 24 (9.3%) patients had metastases develop. Pathologic FIGO stage 2B (6% of all cases) and age > 68 years had independent multivariate prognostic value. Many molecular biomarkers were prognostic, particularly cell-cycle regulators p16, p21, p27, p53, p63, and the antiapoptosis marker survivin (which mostly stains mitoses). The strong prognostic value of a multivariate model with survivin, p21, and p53 overshadowed all other prognosticators in pathologic FIGO 1 and 2A. CONCLUSION In pathologic FIGO stage 1 and 2A endometrioid endometrial cancer curettages, combined biomarkers survivin, p21, and p53 expression patterns are prognostically stronger than classical feature combinations.
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Yeung ML, Yasunaga JI, Bennasser Y, Dusetti N, Harris D, Ahmad N, Matsuoka M, Jeang KT. Roles for microRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 tumor suppressor in cell growth dysregulation by human T-cell lymphotrophic virus 1. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8976-85. [PMID: 18974142 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A role for microRNAs (miRNA) in human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1)-mediated cellular transformation has not been described. Here, we profiled miRNA expression in HTLV-1-transformed human T-cell lines and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adult T-cell leukemia patients. Analyses of 11 different profiles revealed six miRNAs that were consistently up-regulated. Two of the up-regulated miRNAs (miR-93 and miR-130b) target the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the mRNA for a tumor suppressor protein, tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1). A low expression level of TP53INP1 protein was found in HTLV-1-transformed cells. Additionally, when antagomirs were used to knock down miR-93 and miR-130b in these cells, the expression of TP53INP1 was increased, suggesting that the latter is regulated inside cells by the former. A role for TP53INP1 in regulating cell growth was established by experiments that showed that enhanced TP53INP1 expression increased apoptosis. Collectively, the findings implicate a miR-93/miR-130b-TP53INP1 axis that affects the proliferation and survival of HTLV-1-infected/transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lung Yeung
- Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Identification of candidate cancer genes involved in human retinoblastoma by data mining. Childs Nerv Syst 2008; 24:893-900. [PMID: 18350306 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-008-0595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to discover potential cancer-related genes involved in retinoblastoma (RB) tumorigenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a data-mining tool called cDNA Digital Gene Expression Displayer (DGED) and serial analysis of gene expression DGED from the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) database, eight cDNA libraries and five serial analysis of gene expression libraries from retinoblastoma (RB) solid tumors and normal retina tissues were analyzed. The deregulated genes were classified into major families using information from Gene Ontology. Several candidate cancer-related genes were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMA) of RB and human normal retina samples. RESULTS A total of 260 genes with deregulated expression emerged when examined by DGED from the CGAP database. Functional classification of these genes not only provided an interesting insight into RB tumorigenesis but also facilitated target identification for RB therapeutics. Several candidate genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and IHC analysis on TMA and were found to be associated with RB genesis through text-mining in Information Hyperlinked over Proteins. The results also implicated MCM7 and WIF1 as promising therapeutic targets for RB, but further validation is needed.
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You Z, Masai H. Cdt1 forms a complex with the minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) and activates its helicase activity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24469-77. [PMID: 18606811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mcm4/6/7 forms a complex possessing DNA helicase activity, suggesting that Mcm may be a central component for the replicative helicase. Although Cdt1 is known to be essential for loading of Mcm onto the chromatin, its precise role in pre-RC formation and replication initiation is unknown. Using purified proteins, we show that Cdt1 forms a complex with Mcm4/6/7, Mcm2/3/4/5/6/7, and Mcm2/4/6/7 in glycerol gradient fractionation through interaction with Mcm2 and Mcm4/6. In the glycerol gradient fractionation, Mcm4/6/7-Cdt1 forms a complex (speculated to be a (Mcm4/6/7)2-Cdt13 assembly) in the presence of ATP, which is significantly larger than the Mcm4/6/7-Cdt1 complex generated in its absence. Furthermore, DNA binding and helicase activities of Mcm4/6/7 are significantly stimulated by Cdt1 protein in vitro. We generated a Cdt1 mutant, which fails to stimulate DNA binding and helicase activities of Mcm4/6/7. This mutant Cdt1 showed reduced interaction with Mcm and is deficient in the formation of a high molecular weight complex with Mcm. Thus, a productive interaction between Cdt1 and MCM appears to be essential for efficient loading of MCM onto template DNA, as well as for the efficient unwinding reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying You
- Genome Dynamics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 18-22 Honkomagome 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
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Liao X, Siu MKY, Chan KYK, Wong ESY, Ngan HYS, Chan QKY, Li ASM, Khoo US, Cheung ANY. Hypermethylation of RAS effector related genes and DNA methyltransferase 1 expression in endometrial carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:296-302. [PMID: 18404674 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic aberration is known to be important in human carcinogenesis. Promoter methylation status of RAS effector related genes, RASSF1A, RASSF2A, hDAB2IP (m2a and m2b regions) and BLU, was evaluated in 76 endometrial carcinomas and their non-neoplastic endometrial tissue by methylation specific PCR. Hypermethylation of at least one of the 5 genes was detected in 73.7% of carcinomas. There were significant correlations between methylation of hDAB2IP and RASSF1A, RASSF2A (p = 0.042, p = 0.012, respectively). Significantly, more frequent RASSF1A hypermethylation was found in Type I endometrioid carcinomas than Type II carcinomas (p = 0.049). Among endometrioid cancers, significant association between RASSF1A hypermethylation and advanced stage, as well as between methylation of hDAB2IP at m2a region with deep myometrial invasion (p < 0.05) was observed. mRNA expression of RASSF1A, RASSF2A and BLU in endometrial cancer cell lines significantly increased after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine supporting the repressive effect of hypermethylation on their transcription. Immunohistochemical study of DNMT1 on eight normal endometrium, 16 hyperplastic endometrium without atypia, 40 atypical complex hyperplasia and 79 endometrial carcinomas showed progressive increase in DNMT1 immunoreactivity from normal endometrium to endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinomas (p = 0.001). Among carcinomas, distinctly higher DNMT1 expression was observed in Type I endometrioid carcinomas (p < 0.001). DNMT1 immunoreactivity correlated with RASSF1A and RASSF2A methylation (p < 0.05). The data suggested that hypermethylation of RAS related genes, particularly RASSF1A, was involved in endometrial carcinogenesis with possible divergent patterns in different histological types. DNMT1 protein overexpression might contribute to such aberrant DNA hypermethylation of specific tumor suppressor genes in endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Michelle Kwan-Yee Siu
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Yuen-Kwong Chan
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Esther Shuk-Ying Wong
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Hextan Yuen-Sheung Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Queeny Kwan-Yi Chan
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Siu-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ui-Soon Khoo
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Annie Nga-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Petrocca F, Visone R, Onelli MR, Shah MH, Nicoloso MS, de Martino I, Iliopoulos D, Pilozzi E, Liu CG, Negrini M, Cavazzini L, Volinia S, Alder H, Ruco LP, Baldassarre G, Croce CM, Vecchione A. E2F1-regulated microRNAs impair TGFbeta-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell 2008; 13:272-86. [PMID: 18328430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of E2F1 activity and resistance to TGFbeta are hallmarks of gastric cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs frequently misregulated in human malignancies. Here we provide evidence that the miR-106b-25 cluster, upregulated in a subset of human gastric tumors, is activated by E2F1 in parallel with its host gene, Mcm7. In turn, miR-106b and miR-93 regulate E2F1 expression, establishing a miRNA-directed negative feedback loop. Furthermore, upregulation of these miRNAs impairs the TGFbeta tumor suppressor pathway, interfering with the expression of CDKN1A (p21(Waf1/Cip1)) and BCL2L11 (Bim). Together, these results suggest that the miR-106b-25 cluster is involved in E2F1 posttranscriptional regulation and may play a key role in the development of TGFbeta resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Petrocca
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Maeng YH, Kang HW, Huh JS. The Expression and Clinical Significance of the Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) 7 Proliferation Markers in Urothelial Carcinomas of the Bladder. Korean J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2008.49.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Maeng
- Department of Patholgy, School of Medicine, Cheju University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheju University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Huh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Cheju University, Jeju, Korea
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Liao XY, Xue WC, Shen DH, Ngan HYS, Siu MK, Cheung AN. p63 expression in ovarian tumours: a marker for Brenner tumours but not transitional cell carcinomas. Histopathology 2007; 51:477-83. [PMID: 17880529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate p63 expression in ovarian neoplasms. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry using an antibody that detects all p63 isoforms was performed on 103 primary ovarian neoplasms of different histological types. Diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity of p63 was demonstrated in the 17 benign and five borderline Brenner tumours. Only one of the six malignant Brenner tumours displayed p63 expression. p63 immunoreactivity was absent in all the ovarian transitional cell carcinomas (TCC), but was demonstrated extensively in TCCs of the urinary bladder. Besides focal p63 expression in epidermal basal cells of immature and mature teratomas, all other ovarian lesions were devoid of p63 expression. p63 expression was also demonstrated in cervical transitional cell metaplasia and Walthard cell nests of fallopian tubes. CONCLUSIONS Expression of p63 protein is apparently cell lineage specific and in ovarian neoplasms is confined to benign and borderline Brenner tumours. The loss of expression in malignant Benner tumours suggests a role for p63 in Brenner carcinogenesis. The distinct patterns of p63 expression in TCCs in the ovary and urinary bladder may help in their differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Abstract
The application of high throughput expression profiling and other advanced molecular biology laboratory techniques has revolutionised the management of cancers and is gaining attention in the field of gynaecological cancers. Such new approaches may help to improve our understanding of carcinogenesis and facilitate screening and early detection of gynaecological cancers and their precursors. Individualised prediction of patients' responses to therapy and design of personalised molecular targeted therapy is also possible. The studies of various molecular targets involved in the various signal pathways related to carcinogenesis are particularly relevant to such applications. At the moment, the application of detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus in management of cervical cancer is one of the most well established appliances of molecular targets in gynaecological cancers. Methylation, telomerase and clonality studies are also potentially useful, especially in assisting diagnosis of difficult clinical scenarios. This post-genomic era of clinical medicine will continue to make a significant impact in routine pathology practice. The contribution of pathologists is indispensable in analysis involving tissue microarray. On the other hand, both pathologists and bedside clinicians should be aware of the limitation of these molecular targets. Interpretation must be integrated with clinical and histopathological context to avoid misleading judgement. The importance of quality assurance of all such molecular techniques and their ethical implications cannot be over-emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Salim K, Guest PC, Skynner HA, Bilsland JG, Bonnert TP, McAllister G, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Identification of Proteomic Changes during Differentiation of Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2007; 16:143-65. [PMID: 17233554 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of neural precursor cells (NPCs) represents a promising repair strategy for many neurological disorders. However, the molecular events and biological features that control NPC proliferation and their differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are unclear. In the present study, we used a comparative proteomics approach to identify proteins that were differentially regulated in NPCs after short-term differentiation. We also used a subcellular fractionation technique for enrichment of nuclei and other dense organelles to identify proteins that were not readily detected in whole cell extracts. In total, 115 distinct proteins underwent expression changes during NPC differentiation. Forty one of these were only identified following subcellular fractionation. These included transcription factors, RNA-processing factors, cell cycle proteins, and proteins that translocate between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Biological network analysis showed that the differentiation of NPCs was associated with significant changes in cell cycle and protein synthesis machinery. Further characterization of these proteins could provide greater insight into the mechanisms involved in regulation of neurogenesis in the adult central nervous system (CNS) and potentially identify points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Salim
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2QR, United Kingdom.
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Wharton SB, Maltby E, Jellinek DA, Levy D, Atkey N, Hibberd S, Crimmins D, Stoeber K, Williams GH. Subtypes of oligodendroglioma defined by 1p,19q deletions, differ in the proportion of apoptotic cells but not in replication-licensed non-proliferating cells. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 113:119-27. [PMID: 17160531 PMCID: PMC1781098 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas may be divided into those with deletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q (Del+), and those without (Del−). Del+ tumours show better survival and chemoresponsiveness but the reason for this difference is unknown. We have investigated whether these subgroups differ in (a) apoptotic index, (b) the proportion of cells licensed for DNA replication but not in-cycle, and (c) the relative length of G1-phase. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with probes to 1p and 19q was used to determine the deletion status of 54 oligodendrogliomas, including WHO grades II and III. The apoptotic index was determined using counts of apoptotic bodies. Replication-licensed non-proliferating cells were determined from the Mcm2 minus Ki67 labelling index, whilst the geminin to Ki67 ratio was used as a measure of the relative length of G1. Del+ oligodendrogliomas showed a higher apoptotic index than Del− tumours (P = 0.037); this was not accounted for by differences in tumour grade or in proliferation. There were no differences in the Mcm2 − Ki67 index or in the geminin/Ki67 ratio between the subgroups, but grade III tumours showed a higher proportion of licensed non-proliferating cells than grade II tumours (P = 0.001). An increased susceptibility to apoptosis in oligodendrogliomas with 1p ± 19q deletion may be important in their improved clinical outcome compared to Del− tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Wharton
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, and Academic Unit of Pathology, University of Sheffield, Medical School, UK.
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Salim K, Guest PC, Skynner HA, Bilsland JG, Bonnert TP, McAllister G, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Identification of Proteomic Changes During Differentiation of Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.16.ft-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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46
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Obermann EC, Went P, Zimpfer A, Tzankov A, Wild PJ, Stoehr R, Pileri SA, Dirnhofer S. Expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 2 as a marker for proliferation and prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a tissue microarray and clinico-pathological analysis. BMC Cancer 2005; 5:162. [PMID: 16368013 PMCID: PMC1343577 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are essential for the initiation of DNA replication and have been found to be relevant markers for prognosis in a variety of tumours. The aim of this study was to assess the proliferative activity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in tissue microarray (TMA) using one of the minichromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm2) and to explore its potential value to predict prognosis. Methods Immunohistochemistry for Mcm2 was performed on TMAs constructed from 302 cases of DLBCL. A monoclonal mouse antibody was used after heat induced antigen retrieval. Mcm2 expression was scored quantitatively. Positivity for Mcm2 was defined as presence of nuclear expression of Mcm2 in greater than or equal to 40 % of tumour cells. A statistical analysis was carried out of the association of Mcm2 and the clinico-pathological characteristics. Results Mcm2 expression was clearly evident in the nuclei of proliferating non-neoplastic cells and tumour cells. Positivity for Mcm2 was found in 46% (98/211) of analysable cases. A significant correlation existed between Mcm2 expression and presence of bulky disease (p = 0.003). Poor disease specific survival was observed in patients with DLBCL positive for Mcm2 expression in the univariate analysis (p = 0.0424). Conclusion Mcm2 expression can be used to assess tumour proliferation and may be useful as an additional prognostic marker to refine the prediction of outcome in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Obermann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philip Went
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Zimpfer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefano A Pileri
- Chair of Pathology and Unit of Haematopathology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Schrader C, Janssen D, Klapper W, Siebmann JU, Meusers P, Brittinger G, Kneba M, Tiemann M, Parwaresch R. Minichromosome maintenance protein 6, a proliferation marker superior to Ki-67 and independent predictor of survival in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:939-45. [PMID: 16189522 PMCID: PMC2361659 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance protein 6 (MCM6) is one of six proteins of the MCM family which are involved in the initiation of DNA replication and thus represent a marker of proliferating cells. Since the level of cell proliferation is the most valuable predictor of survival in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), we investigated lymph node biopsy specimens from 70 patients immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody against MCM6. The percentage of MCM6 expressing lymphoma cells ranged from 12.0 to 95.6%, with a mean of 61.0%, and was significantly higher than the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells (P<0.0001). Surprisingly, the ratio of MCM6-positive cells to Ki-67-positive cells was higher than in normal stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating a cell early G1-phase arrest in MCL. A high MCM6 expression level of more than 75% positive cells was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival time (16 months) compared to MCL with a low MCM6 expression level of less than 25% (no median reached, P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed MCM6 to be an independent predictor of survival that is superior to the international prognostic factor and the Ki-67 index. Therefore, aside from gene expression profiling, immunohistochemical detection of MCM6 seems to be the most promising marker for predicting the outcome in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schrader
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Chemnitzstr. 33, 24116 Kiel, Germany.
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48
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Shen DH, Chan KYK, Khoo US, Ngan HYS, Xue WC, Chiu PM, Ip P, Cheung ANY. Epigenetic and genetic alterations of p33 ING1b in ovarian cancer. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:855-63. [PMID: 15677627 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p33ING1b is a candidate tumor suppressor gene and a nuclear protein. We investigated whether genetic and epigenetic mechanisms affect p33ING1b expression in ovarian cancer thus contributing toward its pathogenesis. A total of 111 ovarian cancers collected from Beijing and Hong Kong were used for this study. Weak or negative p33ING1b protein expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray in 28/111 cases. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR also showed overall significant reduction of p33ING1b mRNA expression (P = 0.0137), with 53.1% (17/32) cases showing 2- to 5-fold reduction and absence of expression. The reduction of mRNA expression in cancer correlated with decreased p33ING1b protein expression (P < 0.0001). While no p33ING1b mutation was found, allelic loss at the p33ING1b locus was demonstrated in 25% (8/32) cases. The allelic loss profiles also showed statistical significant correlation with reduction of p33ING1b protein and mRNA expression (P = 0.031 and 0.030). Promoter methylation as assessed by methylation specific PCR was found in 23.9% (21/88) cases analyzed. Bisulfite sequencing results confirmed the p33ING1b promoter methylation status of these methylation positive cases. Statistical significant correlation between methylation and mRNA expression (P = 0.006) was demonstrated. Treatment with demethylating drug, 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, resulted in dosage-dependent elevated mRNA expression of p33ING1b in ovarian cancer cell lines. This is the first study reporting epigenetic mechanism regulating the p33ING1b expression. Our findings support that genetic and epigenetic alteration of p33ING1b are likely to contribute towards the pathogenesis of ovarian cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- CpG Islands
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- DNA Methylation
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Decitabine
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Mutation/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovary/metabolism
- Ovary/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hua Shen
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, Republic of China
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