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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu C, Wang L. Recent advances in understanding the fitness and survival mechanisms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110691. [PMID: 38631283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in different production stages of seafood has generated negative impacts on both public health and the sustainability of the industry. To further better investigate the fitness of Vp at the phenotypical level, a great number of studies have been conducted in recent years using plate counting methods. In the meantime, with the increasing accessibility of the next generation sequencing and the advances in analytical chemistry techniques, omics-oriented biotechnologies have further advanced our knowledge in the survival and virulence mechanisms of Vp at various molecular levels. These observations provide insights to guide the development of novel prevention and control strategies and benefit the monitoring and mitigation of food safety risks associated with Vp contamination. To timely capture these recent advances, this review firstly summarizes the most recent phenotypical level studies and provide insights about the survival of Vp under important in vitro stresses and on aquatic products. After that, molecular survival mechanisms of Vp at transcriptomic and proteomic levels are summarized and discussed. Looking forward, other newer omics-biotechnology such as metabolomics and secretomics show great potential to be used for confirming the cellular responses of Vp. Powerful data mining tools from the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, that can better utilize the omics data and solve complex problems in the processing, analysis, and interpretation of omics data, will further improve our mechanistic understanding of Vp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Hongye Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Chengchu Liu
- University of Maryland Sea Grant Extension Program, UMES Center for Food Science and Technology, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
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Kulkarni BS, Makde RD, Jamdar SN. Characterization of a secreted aminopeptidase of M28 family from B. fragilis and its possible role in protein metabolism in the gut. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130598. [PMID: 38499114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Products of microbial protein metabolism in the gut can influence the health of the host in many ways. Members of the Bacteriodales, major commensals of the human colon have been associated with long-term intake of high-protein diets. Undigested proteins or peptides that reach the colon can be hydrolyzed by extra-cellular proteases found in some Bacteroides species into amino acids and peptides which can be further catabolized. In this communication, we have characterized one such secreted aminopeptidase (BfAP) from Bacteroides fragilis belonging to the M28 family which is capable of degrading peptides released from soybean protein after predigestion in the small intestine. The BfAP enzyme was cloned, expressed in E. coli, and purified to homogeneity. It is a metallopeptidase requiring Co2+ ion for optimum activity at 55 °C and pH 8 and preferentially cleaves neutral aliphatic (Met/Leu) and positively charged (Arg/Lys) amino acids from the N-terminus of peptides. It showed high specificity for long peptides as well as proteins like β-casein. Structural analysis of BfAP and its orthologues using AlphaFold2 reveal a shared highly conserved M28 domain, but vary with respect to their N-terminal region with some of them possessing an additional cap domain which may be important for regulation of substrate binding. Although BfAP lacks the typical cap domain, it shows small extensions that can form a loop adjacent to the proposed active site and may affect substrate binding. We suggest that this secreted enzyme may play an important role in protein metabolism in the colon where Bacteroides species are abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan S Kulkarni
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ravindra D Makde
- Beamline Development and Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sahayog N Jamdar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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3
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Zhao H, Xu Y, Yang L, Wang Y, Li M, Chen L. Biological Function of Prophage-Related Gene Cluster Δ VpaChn25_RS25055~Δ VpaChn25_0714 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus CHN25. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1393. [PMID: 38338671 PMCID: PMC10855970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the primary foodborne pathogen known to cause gastrointestinal infections in humans. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity are not fully understood. Prophages carry virulence and antibiotic resistance genes commonly found in Vibrio populations, and they facilitate the spread of virulence and the emergence of pathogenic Vibrio strains. In this study, we characterized three such genes, VpaChn25_0713, VpaChn25_0714, and VpaChn25_RS25055, within the largest prophage gene cluster in V. parahaemolyticus CHN25. The deletion mutants ΔVpaChn25_RS25055, ΔVpaChn25_0713, ΔVpaChn25_0714, and ΔVpaChn25_RS25055-0713-0714 were derived with homologous recombination, and the complementary mutants ΔVpaChn25_0713-com, ΔVpaChn25_0714-com, ΔVpaChn25_RS25055-com, ΔVpaChn25_RS25055-0713-0714-com were also constructed. In the absence of the VpaChn25_RS25055, VpaChn25_0713, VpaChn25_0714, and VpaChn25_RS25055-0713-0714 genes, the mutants showed significant reductions in low-temperature survivability and biofilm formation (p < 0.001). The ΔVpaChn25_0713, ΔVpaChn25_RS25055, and ΔVpaChn25_RS25055-0713-0714 mutants were also significantly defective in swimming motility (p < 0.001). In the Caco-2 model, the above four mutants attenuated the cytotoxic effects of V. parahaemolyticus CHN25 on human intestinal epithelial cells (p < 0.01), especially the ΔVpaChn25_RS25055 and ΔVpaChn25_RS25055-0713-0714 mutants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 15, 14, 8, and 11 metabolic pathways were changed in the ΔVpaChn25_RS25055, ΔVpaChn25_0713, ΔVpaChn25_0714, and ΔVpaChn25_RS25055-0713-0714 mutants, respectively. We labeled the VpaChn25_RS25055 gene with superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) and found it localized at both poles of the bacteria cell. In addition, we analyzed the evolutionary origins of the above genes. In summary, the prophage genes VpaChn25_0713, VpaChn25_0714, and VpaChn25_RS25055 enhance V. parahaemolyticus CHN25's survival in the environment and host. Our work improves the comprehension of the synergy between prophage-associated genes and the evolutionary process of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yingwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lianzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/McGuire VA Medical Centre, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.Y.)
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Gundogdu K, Orus Iturriza A, Orruño M, Montánchez I, Eguiraun H, Martinez I, Arana I, Kaberdin VR. Addressing the Joint Impact of Temperature and pH on Vibrio harveyi Adaptation in the Time of Climate Change. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041075. [PMID: 37110498 PMCID: PMC10142252 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming and acidification of the global ocean are two important manifestations of the ongoing climate change. To characterize their joint impact on Vibrio adaptation and fitness, we analyzed the temperature-dependent adaptation of Vibrio harveyi at different pHs (7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.3 and 8.5) that mimic the pH of the world ocean in the past, present and future. Comparison of V. harveyi growth at 20, 25 and 30 °C show that higher temperature per se facilitates the logarithmic growth of V. harveyi in nutrient-rich environments in a pH-dependent manner. Further survival tests carried out in artificial seawater for 35 days revealed that cell culturability declined significantly upon incubation at 25 °C and 30 °C but not at 20 °C. Moreover, although acidification displayed a negative impact on cell culturability at 25 °C, it appeared to play a minor role at 30 °C, suggesting that elevated temperature, rather than pH, was the key player in the observed reduction of cell culturability. In addition, analyses of the stressed cell morphology and size distribution by epifluorescent microscopy indicates that V. harveyi likely exploits different adaptation strategies (e.g., acquisition of coccoid-like morphology) whose roles might differ depending on the temperature-pH combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Gundogdu
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ander Orus Iturriza
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maite Orruño
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - Itxaso Montánchez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Eguiraun
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
- Department of Graphic Design & Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iciar Martinez
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Inés Arana
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - Vladimir R Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Zhang Y, Pan L, Zhang Y, Wang K, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhang J, Chen X. Understanding the Streptomyces albulus response to low-pH stress at the interface of physiology and transcriptomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2611-2626. [PMID: 36882645 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces albulus is a well-established cell factory for ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) production. It has been reported that ε-PL biosynthesis is strictly regulated by pH and that ε-PL can accumulate at approximately pH 4.0, which is outside of the general pH range for natural product production by Streptomyces species. However, how S. albulus responds to low pH is not clear. In this study, we attempted to explore the response of S. albulus to low-pH stress at the physiological and global gene transcription levels. At the physiological level, S. albulus maintained intracellular pH homeostasis at ~pH 7.5, increased the unsaturated fatty acid ratio, extended the fatty acid chain length, enhanced ATP accumulation, increased H+-ATPase activity, and accumulated the basic amino acids L-lysine and L-arginine. At the global gene transcription level, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, macromolecule protection and repair, and the acid tolerance system were found to be involved in combating low-pH stress. Finally, we preliminarily evaluated the effect of the acid tolerance system and cell membrane fatty acid synthesis on low-pH tolerance via gene manipulation. This work provides new insight into the adaptation mechanism of Streptomyces to low-pH stress and a new opportunity for constructing robust S. albulus strains for ε-PL production. KEY POINTS: • S. albulus consistently remained pH i at ~7.4 regardless of the environmental pH. • S. albulus combats low-pH stress by modulating lipid composition of cell membrane. • Overexpression of cfa in S. albulus could improve low-pH tolerance and ɛ-PL titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Stress Responses in Pathogenic Vibrios and Their Role in Host and Environmental Survival. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:213-232. [PMID: 36792878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio is a genus of bacteria commonly found in estuarine, marine, and freshwater environments. Vibrio species have evolved to occupy diverse niches in the aquatic ecosystem, with some having complex lifestyles. About a dozen of the described Vibrio species have been reported to cause human disease, while many other species cause disease in other organisms. Vibrio cholerae causes epidemic cholera, a severe dehydrating diarrheal disease associated with the consumption of contaminated food or water. The human pathogenic non-cholera Vibrio species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and other extra-intestinal infections. Infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are normally acquired through exposure to sea water or through consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. The human pathogenic Vibrios are exposed to numerous different stress-inducing agents and conditions in the aquatic environment and when colonizing a human host. Therefore, they have evolved a variety of mechanisms to survive in the presence of these stressors. Here we discuss what is known about important stress responses in pathogenic Vibrio species and their role in bacterial survival.
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Effect of Temperature and Fermentation Time on Fermentation Characteristics and Biogenic Amine Formation of Oat Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is known to have a clear influence on the formation of biogenic amines during fermentation. To improve the quality of oat silage, the impact of ensiling temperature on the fermentation, microbiological and chemical characteristics, as well as biogenic amines (BAs) was investigated. Vacuum bag mini silos of oat forage were incubated at four different temperature levels (10, 20, 30 and 37 °C) and opened on day 0, 1, 3, 7, 15 and 60. All oat silages were sampled to evaluate the fermentation quality and biogenic amine production. Results showed that putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine were the most prevalent biogenic amines in oat silage, representing approximately about 90% of the total biogenic amines (TBAs) investigated. Ensiling increased the β–phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine accumulation in oat silage at the four incubation temperatures. On day 60, the β–phenylethylamine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine and TBAs levels at a high temperature (37 °C) were significantly higher than those at a lower temperature (10, 20 and 30 °C); 10 °C fermentation increased the putrescine content in oat silage. A closed relationship between fermentation properties and BAs showed that the silages containing higher lactic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen and lower pH value had more BA content in oat silage. In conclusion, the ensiling process caused a significant increase in the amounts of BAs, except spermidine and spermine. The oat silage made in elevated temperature (30 and 37 °C) environments may accumulate more BAs than at a low temperature (10 °C), but low temperature (10 °C) fermentation may increase the putrescine levels in silage. The results suggested that ensiling at the proper temperature could retard BA formation and enhance the quality of oat silage.
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Abstract
Conventional bacterial genome annotation provides information about coding sequences but ignores untranslated regions and operons. However, untranslated regions contain important regulatory elements as well as targets for many regulatory factors, such as small RNAs. Operon maps are also essential for functional gene analysis. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made in the study of bacterial transcriptomes through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Given the compact nature of bacterial genomes, many challenges still cannot be resolved through short reads generated using classical RNA-seq because of fragmentation and loss of the full-length information. Direct RNA sequencing is a technology that sequences the native RNA directly without information loss or bias. Here, we employed direct RNA sequencing to annotate the Vibrio parahaemolyticus transcriptome with its full features, including transcription start sites (TSSs), transcription termination sites, and operon maps. A total of 4,103 TSSs were identified. In comparison to short-read sequencing, full-length information provided a deeper view of TSS classification, showing that most internal and antisense TSSs were actually a result of gene overlap. Sequencing the transcriptome of V. parahaemolyticus grown with bile allowed us to study the landscape of pathogenicity island Vp-PAI. Some genes in this region were reannotated, providing more accurate annotation to increase precision in their characterization. Quantitative detection of operons in V. parahaemolyticus showed high complexity in some operons, shedding light on a greater extent of regulation within the same operon. Our study using direct RNA sequencing provides a quantitative and high-resolution landscape of the V. parahaemolyticus transcriptome. IMPORTANCEVibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium found in the marine environment. Outbreaks of gastroenteritis resulting from seafood poisoning by these pathogens have risen over the past 2 decades. Upon ingestion by humans—often through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood—V. parahaemolyticus senses the host environment and expresses numerous genes, the products of which synergize to synthesize and secrete toxins that can cause acute gastroenteritis. To understand the regulation of such adaptive response, mRNA transcripts must be mapped accurately. However, due to the limitations of common sequencing methods, not all features of bacterial transcriptomes are always reported. We applied direct RNA sequencing to analyze the V. parahaemolyticus transcriptome. Mapping the full features of the transcriptome is anticipated to enhance our understanding of gene regulation in this bacterium and provides a data set for future work. Additionally, this study reveals a deeper view of a complicated transcriptome landscape, demonstrating the importance of applying such methods to other bacterial models.
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Pazhani GP, Chowdhury G, Ramamurthy T. Adaptations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Stress During Environmental Survival, Host Colonization, and Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737299. [PMID: 34690978 PMCID: PMC8530187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium that may infect humans and cause gastroenteritis and wound infections. The first pandemic of Vp associated infection was caused by the serovar O3:K6 and epidemics caused by the other serovars are increasingly reported. The two major virulence factors, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), are associated with hemolysis and cytotoxicity. Vp strains lacking tdh and/or trh are avirulent and able to colonize in the human gut and cause infection using other unknown factors. This pathogen is well adapted to survive in the environment and human host using several genetic mechanisms. The presence of prophages in Vp contributes to the emergence of pathogenic strains from the marine environment. Vp has two putative type-III and type-VI secretion systems (T3SS and T6SS, respectively) located on both the chromosomes. T3SS play a crucial role during the infection process by causing cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity. T6SS contribute to adhesion, virulence associated with interbacterial competition in the gut milieu. Due to differential expression, type III secretion system 2 (encoded on chromosome-2, T3SS2) and other genes are activated and transcribed by interaction with bile salts within the host. Chromosome-1 encoded T6SS1 has been predominantly identified in clinical isolates. Acquisition of genomic islands by horizontal gene transfer provides enhanced tolerance of Vp toward several antibiotics and heavy metals. Vp consists of evolutionarily conserved targets of GTPases and kinases. Expression of these genes is responsible for the survival of Vp in the host and biochemical changes during its survival. Advanced genomic analysis has revealed that various genes are encoded in Vp pathogenicity island that control and expression of virulence in the host. In the environment, the biofilm gene expression has been positively correlated to tolerance toward aerobic, anaerobic, and micro-aerobic conditions. The genetic similarity analysis of toxin/antitoxin systems of Escherichia coli with VP genome has shown a function that could induce a viable non-culturable state by preventing cell division. A better interpretation of the Vp virulence and other mechanisms that support its environmental fitness are important for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and spread of infections. This review identifies some of the common regulatory pathways of Vp in response to different stresses that influence its survival, gut colonization and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaja Perumal Pazhani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Tan X, Qiao J, Li H, Huang D, Hu X, Wang X. Global metabolic regulation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus under polymyxin B stimulation. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105260. [PMID: 34688850 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for infection diseases of people who consume the contaminated seafood, but its metabolic regulation profile in response to colistin, the last treatment option for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, remains unclear. In this study, the metabolic regulation profile of V. parahaemolyticus ATCC33846 under polymyxin B stimulation has been investigated. V. parahaemolyticus exposed to polymyxin B resulted in 4597 differentially transcribed genes, including 673 significantly up-regulated genes and 569 significantly down-regulated genes. In V. parahaemolyticus under polymyxin B stimulation, the cellular antioxidant systems to prevent bacteria from oxidant stress was activated, the synthesis of some nonessential macromolecules was reduced, and the assembly and modification of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan to resist the attack from other antibiotics were promoted. These findings provide new insights into polymyxin B-related stress response in V. parahaemolyticus which should be useful for developing novel drugs for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hedan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Danyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Du C, Huo X, Gu H, Wu D, Hu Y. Acid resistance system CadBA is implicated in acid tolerance and biofilm formation and is identified as a new virulence factor of Edwardsiella tarda. Vet Res 2021; 52:117. [PMID: 34521475 PMCID: PMC8438976 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a facultative intracellular pathogen in humans and animals. The Gram-negative bacterium is widely considered a potentially important bacterial pathogen. Adaptation to acid stress is important for the transmission of intestinal microbes, so the acid-resistance (AR) system is essential. However, the AR systems of E. tarda are totally unknown. In this study, a lysine-dependent acid resistance (LDAR) system in E. tarda, CadBA, was characterized and identified. CadB is a membrane protein and shares high homology with the lysine/cadaverine antiporter. CadA contains a PLP-binding core domain and a pyridoxal phosphate-binding motif. It shares high homology with lysine decarboxylase. cadB and cadA are co-transcribed under one operon. To study the function of the cadBA operon, isogenic cadA, cadB and cadBA deletion mutant strains TX01ΔcadA, TX01ΔcadB and TX01ΔcadBA were constructed. When cultured under normal conditions, the wild type strain and three mutants exhibited the same growth performance. However, when cultured under acid conditions, the growth of three mutants, especially TX01ΔcadA, were obviously retarded, compared to the wild strain TX01, which indicates the important involvement of the cadBA operon in acid resistance. The deletion of cadB or cadA, especially cadBA, significantly attenuated bacterial activity of lysine decarboxylase, suggesting the vital participation of cadBA operon in lysine metabolism, which is closely related to acid resistance. The mutations of cadBA operon enhanced bacterial biofilm formation, especially under acid conditions. The deletions of the cadBA operon reduced bacterial adhesion and invasion to Hela cells. Consistently, the deficiency of cadBA operon abated bacterial survival and replication in macrophages, and decreased bacterial dissemination in fish tissues. Our results also show that the expression of cadBA operon and regulator cadC were up-regulated upon acid stress, and CadC rigorously regulated the expression of cadBA operon, especially under acid conditions. These findings demonstrate that the AR CadBA system was a requisite for the resistance of E. tarda against acid stress, and played a critical role in bacterial infection of host cells and in host tissues. This is the first study about the acid resistance system of E. tarda and provides new insights into the acid-resistance mechanism and pathogenesis of E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Du
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China.,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, 571101, Haikou, China.,College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiaoping Huo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, 571101, Haikou, China.,College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hanjie Gu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, 571101, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China. .,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, 154007, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, 571101, Haikou, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 266071, Qingdao, China. .,College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China. .,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, 571101, Haikou, China.
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12
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Gu D, Wang K, Lu T, Li L, Jiao X. Vibrio parahaemolyticus CadC regulates acid tolerance response to enhance bacterial motility and cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1155-1168. [PMID: 33831221 PMCID: PMC8359830 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens adapted to sub-lethal acidic conditions could increase the virulence and survival ability under lethal conditions. In the aquaculture industry, feed acidifiers have been used to increase the growth of aquatic animals. However, there is limited study on the effects of acidic condition on the virulence and survival of pathogens in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the survival ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at lethal acidic pH (4.0) after adapted the bacteria to sub-lethal acidic pH (5.5) for 1 hr. Our results indicated that the adapted strain increased the survival ability at lethal acidic pH invoked by an inorganic (HCl) or organic (citric) acid. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) results revealed that 321 genes were differentially expressed at the sub-lethal acidic pH including cadC, cadBA and groES/groEL relating to acid tolerance response (ATR), as well as genes relating to outer membrane, heat-shock proteins, phosphotransferase system and flagella system. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed that cadC and cadBA were upregulated under sub-lethal acidic conditions. The CadC protein could directly regulate the expression of cadBA to modulate the ATR in V. parahaemolyticus. RNA-seq data also indicated that 113 genes in the CadC-dependent way and 208 genes in the CadC-independent way were differentially expressed, which were related to the regulation of ATR. Finally, the motility and cytotoxicity of the sub-lethal acidic adapted wild type (WT) were significantly increased compared with the unadapted strain. Our results demonstrated that the dietary acidifiers may increase the virulence and survival of V. parahaemolyticus in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityJiangsuChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and QualityMinistry of Agriculture of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Kangru Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Tianyu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityJiangsuChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and QualityMinistry of Agriculture of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityJiangsuChina
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13
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Gauthankar M, Khandeparker R, Shivaramu MS, Salkar K, Sreepada RA, Paingankar M. Comparative assessment of amino acids composition in two types of marine fish silage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15235. [PMID: 34315916 PMCID: PMC8316558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish silage is a brown liquefied product achieved by the action of enzymes when finely grounded whole/parts of either single or mixed fish types are subjected to acidification. This study made a comparative assessment of biochemical and nutritive properties, especially the amino acid composition in supernatant phase of formic acid silages prepared from two fish types, Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and false travely (Lactarius lactarius) representing fat fish (FF, fat content > 5%) and lean fish (LF, fat content < 5%), respectively during 35 days of fermentation (DoF). Significantly higher content of total amino acid (TAA) and free amino acids (FAA) were recorded in FFS (TAA, 41.2 ± 0.03 mg/g; FAA, 31.3 ± 0.003 mg/g) compared to LFS (TAA, 35.8 ± 0.07 mg/g; FAA, 18.26 ± 0.003 mg/g; FAA, 31.3 ± 0.003 mg/g) (p < 0.05). At the end of 35 DoF, the concentrations of amino acids such as asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, valine, cysteine, serine, lysine and arginine were significantly higher in FFS as compared to LFS. The relative amino acid composition of FFS and LFS varied in accordance with DoF and the relationship was found to be highly significant (ANOVA, p < 0.00001). High concentrations of l-amino acids such as leucine, glutamic acid and arginine were recorded in both FFS and LFS. In conclusion, the analysis suggested that a fermentation period of 25–30 days showed a significant effect on the composition of amino acids in both types of ensilage compared to other fermentation periods (p < 0.05). Considering the role of amino acids in enhancing the plant growth and proliferation, the findings of the present study are quite useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Gauthankar
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Rakhee Khandeparker
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Mamatha S Shivaramu
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.,Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Komal Salkar
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Rayadurga Anantha Sreepada
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Mandar Paingankar
- Department of Zoology, Government Science College, Gadchiroli, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, 442605, India
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14
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Zhang X, Sun J, Chen F, Qi H, Chen L, Sung YY, Huang Y, Lv A, Hu X. Phenotypic and genomic characterization of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain causing disease in Penaeus vannamei provides insights into its niche adaptation and pathogenic mechanism. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 33952389 PMCID: PMC8209731 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is variable depending on its virulence determinants. A V. parahaemolyticus strain, in which the virulence is governed by the pirA and pirB genes, can cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimps. Some V. parahaemolyticus that are non-AHPND strains also cause shrimp diseases and result in huge economic losses, while their pathogenicity and pathogenesis remain unclear. In this study, a non-AHPND V. parahaemolyticus, TJA114, was isolated from diseased Penaeus vannamei associated with a high mortality. To understand its virulence and adaptation to the external environment, whole-genome sequencing of this isolate was conducted, and its phenotypic profiles including pathogenicity, growth characteristics and nutritional requirements were investigated. Shrimps following artificial infection with this isolate presented similar clinical symptoms to the naturally diseased ones and generated obvious pathological lesions. The growth characteristics indicated that the isolate TJA114 could grow well under different salinity (10–55 p.p.t.), temperature (23–37 °C) and pH (6–10) conditions. Phenotype MicroArray results showed that this isolate could utilize a variety of carbon sources, amino acids and a range of substrates to help itself adapt to the high hyperosmotic and alkaline environments. Antimicrobial-susceptibility test showed that it was a multidrug-resistant bacterium. The whole-genomic analysis showed that this V. parahaemolyticus possessed many important functional genes associated with multidrug resistance, stress response, adhesions, haemolysis, putative secreted proteases, dedicated protein secretion systems and a variety of nutritional metabolic mechanisms. These annotated functional genes were confirmed by the phenotypic profiles. The results in this study indicated that this V. parahaemolyticus isolate possesses a high pathogenicity and strong environmental adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hongli Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Limei Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Yadong Huang
- Tianjin Hengqian Aquaculture Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300270, PR China
| | - Aijun Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
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15
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Matz LM, Petrosino JF. A study of innate immune kinetics reveals a role for a chloride transporter in a virulent Francisella tularensis type B strain. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1170. [PMID: 33970545 PMCID: PMC8483402 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease of global proportions. Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis (type A) and holarctica (type B) cause disease in healthy humans, with type A infections resulting in higher mortality. Repeated passage of a type B strain in the mid-20th century generated the Live Vaccine Strain (LVS). LVS remains unlicensed, does not protect against high inhalational doses of type A, and its exact mechanisms of attenuation are poorly understood. Recent data suggest that live attenuated vaccines derived from type B may cross-protect against type A. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding virulent type B pathogenesis and its capacity to stimulate the host's innate immune response. We therefore sought to increase our understanding of virulent type B in vitro characteristics using strain OR96-0246 as a model. Adding to our knowledge of innate immune kinetics in macrophages following infection with virulent type B, we observed robust replication of strain OR96-0246 in murine and human macrophages, reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes from "wild type" type B-infected macrophages compared to LVS, and delayed macrophage cell death suggesting that virulent type B may suppress macrophage activation. One disruption in LVS is in the gene encoding the chloride transporter ClcA. We investigated the role of ClcA in macrophage infection and observed a replication delay in a clcA mutant. Here, we propose its role in acid tolerance. A greater understanding of LVS attenuation may reveal new mechanisms of pathogenesis and inform strategies toward the development of an improved vaccine against tularemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Matz
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome ResearchBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- The Department of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome ResearchBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- The Department of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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16
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Yang Q, Meng J, Zhang W, Liu L, He L, Deng L, Zeng X, Ye C. Effects of Amino Acid Decarboxylase Genes and pH on the Amine Formation of Enteric Bacteria From Chinese Traditional Fermented Fish (Suan Yu). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1130. [PMID: 32714282 PMCID: PMC7346708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of biogenic amines (BAs) is an important potential risk in Suan yu. This study investigated the amine production abilities of 97 strains of enteric bacteria screened from Suan yu. The genotypic diversity of amino acid decarboxylase and the effect of pH were explored on 27 strains of high-yield BAs. Results showed that high levels of putrescine, histamine, and cadaverine were produced by the 97 strains. In addition, 27 strains carried odc, speA, speB, adiA, and ldc genes. Thirteen carried hdc gene. Morganella morganii 42C2 produced the highest putrescine content of 880 mg/L via the ornithine decarboxylase pathway. The highest histamine content was produced by Klebsiella aerogenes 13C2 (1,869 mg/L). The highest cadaverine content was shown by Klebsiella pneumoniae 47C2 (1,821 mg/L). odc, adiA, speB, ldc, and hdc play important roles in the cellular acid stress response. Acid stress caused the growth delay but can increase the contents of putrescine, histamine, and cadaverine. Decarboxylase was strain specific rather than species specific. This study provides a reference for the genotypic diversity of decarboxylase and effect of pH on the types and abilities of BAs produced by enteric bacteria in Suan yu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Ju Meng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Laping He
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Chun Ye
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
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17
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Histamine Production Behaviors of a Psychrotolerant Histamine-Producer, Morganella psychrotolerans, in Various Environmental Conditions. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:460-467. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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D'Souza C, Prabhakar Alva P, Karanth Padyana A, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Kumar BK. Unveiling the acid stress response of clinical genotype Vibrio vulnificus isolated from the marine environments of Mangaluru coast, India. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:681-690. [PMID: 31075207 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastric acidity is one of the earliest host defences faced by ingested organisms, and successful pathogens need to overcome this hurdle. The objective of this study was the systematic assessment of acid-stress response of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from coastal regions of Mangaluru. Acid-shock experiments were carried out at pH 4.0 and pH 4.5, with different experimental conditions expected to produce a varied acid response. Exposure to mild acid before the acid shock was favourable to the bacteria but was dependent on cell population and pH of the media and was independent of the strains tested. Lysine-dependent acid response was demonstrated with reference to the previously identified lysine decarboxylase system. Additionally, the results showed that inoculation into oysters provided some level of protection against acid stress. Increased expression of lysine/cadaverine genes was observed upon the addition of ground oyster and was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The potential role of ornithine was analyzed with regard to acid stress, but no change in the survival pattern was observed. These findings highlight the physiology of bacteria in acid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D'Souza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathiksha Prabhakar Alva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama Karanth Padyana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), University Enclave, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
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19
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Zha S, Liu S, Su W, Shi W, Xiao G, Yan M, Liu G. Laboratory simulation reveals significant impacts of ocean acidification on microbial community composition and host-pathogen interactions between the blood clam and Vibrio harveyi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:393-398. [PMID: 29056489 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that climate change may promote the outbreaks of diseases in the sea through altering the host susceptibility, the pathogen virulence, and the host-pathogen interaction. However, the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on the pathogen components of bacterial community and the host-pathogen interaction of marine bivalves are still poorly understood. Therefore, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and host-pathogen interaction analysis between blood clam (Tegillarca granosa) and Vibrio harveyi were conducted in the present study to gain a better understanding of the ecological impacts of ocean acidification. The results obtained revealed a significant impact of ocean acidification on the composition of microbial community at laboratory scale. Notably, the abundance of Vibrio, a major group of pathogens to many marine organisms, was significantly increased under ocean acidification condition. In addition, the survival rate and haemolytic activity of V. harveyi were significantly higher in the presence of haemolymph of OA treated T. granosa, indicating a compromised immunity of the clam and enhanced virulence of V. harveyi under future ocean acidification scenarios. Conclusively, the results obtained in this study suggest that future ocean acidification may increase the risk of Vibrio pathogen infection for marine bivalve species, such as blood clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Saixi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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20
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Yin H, Zhang R, Xia M, Bai X, Mou J, Zheng Y, Wang M. Effect of aspartic acid and glutamate on metabolism and acid stress resistance of Acetobacter pasteurianus. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:109. [PMID: 28619110 PMCID: PMC5472864 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are widely applied in food, bioengineering and medicine fields. However, the acid stress at low pH conditions limits acetic acid fermentation efficiency and high concentration of vinegar production with AAB. Therefore, how to enhance resistance ability of the AAB remains as the major challenge. Amino acids play an important role in cell growth and cell survival under severe environment. However, until now the effects of amino acids on acetic fermentation and acid stress resistance of AAB have not been fully studied. Results In the present work the effects of amino acids on metabolism and acid stress resistance of Acetobacter pasteurianus were investigated. Cell growth, culturable cell counts, acetic acid production, acetic acid production rate and specific production rate of acetic acid of A. pasteurianus revealed an increase of 1.04, 5.43, 1.45, 3.30 and 0.79-folds by adding aspartic acid (Asp), and cell growth, culturable cell counts, acetic acid production and acetic acid production rate revealed an increase of 0.51, 0.72, 0.60 and 0.94-folds by adding glutamate (Glu), respectively. For a fully understanding of the biological mechanism, proteomic technology was carried out. The results showed that the strengthening mechanism mainly came from the following four aspects: (1) Enhancing the generation of pentose phosphates and NADPH for the synthesis of nucleic acid, fatty acids and glutathione (GSH) throughout pentose phosphate pathway. And GSH could protect bacteria from low pH, halide, oxidative stress and osmotic stress by maintaining the viability of cells through intracellular redox equilibrium; (2) Reinforcing deamination of amino acids to increase intracellular ammonia concentration to maintain stability of intracellular pH; (3) Enhancing nucleic acid synthesis and reparation of impaired DNA caused by acid stress damage; (4) Promoting unsaturated fatty acids synthesis and lipid transport, which resulted in the improvement of cytomembrane fluidity, stability and integrity. Conclusions The present work is the study to show the effectiveness of Asp and Glu on metabolism and acid stress resistance of A. pasteurianus as well as their working mechanism. The research results will be helpful for development of nutrient salts, the optimization and regulation of high concentration of cider vinegar production process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0717-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,School of Bioengineering, Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Renkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Mou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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Duport C, Jobin M, Schmitt P. Adaptation in Bacillus cereus: From Stress to Disease. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1550. [PMID: 27757102 PMCID: PMC5047918 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a food-borne pathogen that causes diarrheal disease in humans. After ingestion, B. cereus experiences in the human gastro-intestinal tract abiotic physical variables encountered in food, such as acidic pH in the stomach and changing oxygen conditions in the human intestine. B. cereus responds to environmental changing conditions (stress) by reversibly adjusting its physiology to maximize resource utilization while maintaining structural and genetic integrity by repairing and minimizing damage to cellular infrastructure. As reviewed in this article, B. cereus adapts to acidic pH and changing oxygen conditions through diverse regulatory mechanisms and then exploits its metabolic flexibility to grow and produce enterotoxins. We then focus on the intricate link between metabolism, redox homeostasis, and enterotoxins, which are recognized as important contributors of food-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duport
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, UMR0408, Avignon Université, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Avignon, France
| | - Michel Jobin
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, UMR0408, Avignon Université, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, UMR0408, Avignon Université, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Avignon, France
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Gardini F, Özogul Y, Suzzi G, Tabanelli G, Özogul F. Technological Factors Affecting Biogenic Amine Content in Foods: A Review. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1218. [PMID: 27570519 PMCID: PMC4982241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are molecules, which can be present in foods and, due to their toxicity, can cause adverse effects on the consumers. BAs are generally produced by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids in food products. The most significant BAs occurring in foods are histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermine, spermidine, and agmatine. The importance of preventing the excessive accumulation of BAs in foods is related to their impact on human health and food quality. Quality criteria in connection with the presence of BAs in food and food products are necessary from a toxicological point of view. This is particularly important in fermented foods in which the massive microbial proliferation required for obtaining specific products is often relater with BAs accumulation. In this review, up-to-date information and recent discoveries about technological factors affecting BA content in foods are reviewed. Specifically, BA forming-microorganism and decarboxylation activity, genetic and metabolic organization of decarboxylases, risk associated to BAs (histamine, tyramine toxicity, and other BAs), environmental factors influencing BA formation (temperature, salt concentration, and pH). In addition, the technological factors for controlling BA production (use of starter culture, technological additives, effects of packaging, other non-thermal treatments, metabolizing BA by microorganisms, effects of pressure treatments on BA formation and antimicrobial substances) are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Gardini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di BolognaCesena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di BolognaCesena, Italy
| | - Yesim Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova UniversityAdana, Turkey
| | - Giovanna Suzzi
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of TeramoMosciano Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di BolognaCesena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di BolognaCesena, Italy
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova UniversityAdana, Turkey
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Remaining Mysteries of Molecular Biology: The Role of Polyamines in the Cell. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3389-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Insights into Vibrio parahaemolyticus CHN25 response to artificial gastric fluid stress by transcriptomic analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22539-62. [PMID: 25490137 PMCID: PMC4284723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis disease. Once consumed, human acid gastric fluid is perhaps one of the most important environmental stresses imposed on the bacterium. Herein, for the first time, we investigated Vibrio parahaemolyticus CHN25 response to artificial gastric fluid (AGF) stress by transcriptomic analysis. The bacterium at logarithmic growth phase (LGP) displayed lower survival rates than that at stationary growth phase (SGP) under a sub-lethal acid condition (pH 4.9). Transcriptome data revealed that 11.6% of the expressed genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus CHN25 was up-regulated in LGP cells after exposed to AGF (pH 4.9) for 30 min, including those involved in sugar transport, nitrogen metabolism, energy production and protein biosynthesis, whereas 14.0% of the genes was down-regulated, such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and flagellar biosynthesis genes. In contrast, the AGF stress only elicited 3.4% of the genes from SGP cells, the majority of which were attenuated in expression. Moreover, the number of expressed regulator genes was also substantially reduced in SGP cells. Comparison of transcriptome profiles further revealed forty-one growth-phase independent genes in the AGF stress, however, half of which displayed distinct expression features between the two growth phases. Vibrio parahaemolyticus seemed to have evolved a number of molecular strategies for coping with the acid stress. The data here will facilitate future studies for environmental stresses and pathogenicity of the leading seafood-borne pathogen worldwide.
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Kalburge SS, Whitaker WB, Boyd EF. High-salt preadaptation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus enhances survival in response to lethal environmental stresses. J Food Prot 2014; 77:246-53. [PMID: 24490918 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to changing environmental conditions is an important strategy for survival of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative seafoodborne enteric pathogen found in the marine environment both free living and associated with oysters. This pathogen is a moderate halophile, with optimal growth at 3% NaCl. Among the several stresses imposed upon enteric bacteria, acid stress is perhaps one of the most important. V. parahaemolyticus has a lysine decarboxylase system responsible for decarboxylation of lysine to the basic product cadaverine, an important acid stress response system in bacteria. Preadaptation to mild acid conditions, i.e., the acid tolerance response, enhances survival under lethal acid conditions. Because of the variety of conditions encountered by V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment and in oyster postharvest facilities, we examined the nature of the V. parahaemolyticus acid tolerance response under high-salinity conditions. Short preadaptation to a 6% salt concentration increased survival of the wild-type strain but not that of a cadA mutant under lethal acid conditions. However, prolonged exposure to high salinity (16 h) increased survival of both the wild-type and the cadA mutant strains. This phenotype was not dependent on the stress response sigma factor RpoS. Although this preadaptation response is much more pronounced in V. parahaemolyticus, this characteristic is not limited to this species. Both Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus also survive better under lethal acid stress conditions when preadapted to high-salinity conditions. High salt both protected the organism against acid stress and increased survival under -20°C cold stress conditions. High-salt adaptation of V. parahaemolyticus strains significantly increases survival under environmental stresses that would otherwise be lethal to these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Siddarth Kalburge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - W Brian Whitaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - E Fidelma Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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Desriac N, Broussolle V, Postollec F, Mathot AG, Sohier D, Coroller L, Leguerinel I. Bacillus cereus cell response upon exposure to acid environment: toward the identification of potential biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:284. [PMID: 24106490 PMCID: PMC3788345 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are able to adapt to different environments and evolve rapidly, allowing them to cope with their new environments. Such adaptive response and associated protections toward other lethal stresses, is a crucial survival strategy for a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including food spoilage bacteria, pathogens, and organisms used in functional food applications. The growing demand for minimal processed food yields to an increasing use of combination of hurdles or mild preservation factors in the food industry. A commonly used hurdle is low pH which allows the decrease in bacterial growth rate but also the inactivation of pathogens or spoilage microorganisms. Bacillus cereus is a well-known food-borne pathogen leading to economical and safety issues in food industry. Because survival mechanisms implemented will allow bacteria to cope with environmental changes, it is important to provide understanding of B. cereus stress response. Thus this review deals with the adaptive traits of B. cereus cells facing to acid stress conditions. The acid stress response of B. cereus could be divided into four groups (i) general stress response (ii) pH homeostasis, (iii) metabolic modifications and alkali production and (iv) secondary oxidative stress response. This current knowledge may be useful to understand how B. cereus cells may cope to acid environment such as encountered in food products and thus to find some molecular biomarkers of the bacterial behavior. These biomarkers could be furthermore used to develop new microbial behavior prediction tools which can provide insights into underlying molecular physiological states which govern the behavior of microorganisms and thus opening the avenue toward the detection of stress adaptive behavior at an early stage and the control of stress-induced resistance throughout the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Desriac
- ADRIA Développement, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, QuimperFrance
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
| | - Véronique Broussolle
- UMR408, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueAvignon, France
- UMR408, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de VaucluseAvignon, France
| | | | - Anne-Gabrielle Mathot
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
| | | | - Louis Coroller
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
| | - Ivan Leguerinel
- EA3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, UMT 08.3 PHYSI’Opt, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université de BrestQuimper, France
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Tomar PC, Lakra N, Mishra SN. Cadaverine: a lysine catabolite involved in plant growth and development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.25850. [PMID: 23887488 PMCID: PMC4091120 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The cadaverine (Cad) a diamine, imino compound produced as a lysine catabolite is also implicated in growth and development of plants depending on environmental condition. This lysine catabolism is catalyzed by lysine decarboxylase, which is developmentally regulated. However, the limited role of Cad in plants is reported, this review is tempted to focus the metabolism and its regulation, transport and responses, interaction and cross talks in higher plants. The Cad varied presence in plant parts/products suggests it as a potential candidate for taxonomic marker as well as for commercial exploitation along with growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa C Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering; FE; Manav Rachna International University; Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
| | - S N Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences; Maharishi Dayanand University; Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Romano A, Trip H, Lolkema JS, Lucas PM. Three-component lysine/ornithine decarboxylation system in Lactobacillus saerimneri 30a. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:1249-54. [PMID: 23316036 PMCID: PMC3592000 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02070-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria play a pivotal role in many food fermentations and sometimes represent a health threat due to the ability of some strains to produce biogenic amines that accumulate in foods and cause trouble following ingestion. These strains carry specific enzymatic systems catalyzing the uptake of amino acid precursors (e.g., ornithine and lysine), the decarboxylation inside the cell, and the release of the resulting biogenic amines (e.g., putrescine and cadaverine). This study aimed to identify the system involved in production of cadaverine from lysine, which has not been described to date for lactic acid bacteria. Strain Lactobacillus saerimneri 30a (formerly called Lactobacillus sp. 30a) produces both putrescine and cadaverine. The sequencing of its genome showed that the previously described ornithine decarboxylase gene was not associated with the gene encoding an ornithine/putrescine exchanger as in other bacteria. A new hypothetical decarboxylation system was detected in the proximity of the ornithine decarboxylase gene. It consisted of two genes encoding a putative decarboxylase sharing sequence similarities with ornithine decarboxylases and a putative amino acid transporter resembling the ornithine/putrescine exchangers. The two decarboxylases were produced in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized in vitro, whereas the transporter was heterologously expressed in Lactococcus lactis and functionally characterized in vivo. The overall data led to the conclusion that the two decarboxylases and the transporter form a three-component decarboxylation system, with the new decarboxylase being a specific lysine decarboxylase and the transporter catalyzing both lysine/cadaverine and ornithine/putrescine exchange. To our knowledge, this is an unprecedented observation of a bacterial three-component decarboxylation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romano
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Hein Trip
- Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juke S. Lolkema
- Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick M. Lucas
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, Unité Oenologie (EA 4577), Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Trip H, Mulder NL, Lolkema JS. Improved acid stress survival of Lactococcus lactis expressing the histidine decarboxylation pathway of Streptococcus thermophilus CHCC1524. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11195-204. [PMID: 22351775 PMCID: PMC3322857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.330704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradative amino acid decarboxylation pathways in bacteria generate secondary metabolic energy and provide resistance against acid stress. The histidine decarboxylation pathway of Streptococcus thermophilus CHCC1524 was functionally expressed in the heterologous host Lactococcus lactis NZ9000, and the benefits of the newly acquired pathway for the host were analyzed. During growth in M17 medium in the pH range of 5-6.5, a small positive effect was observed on the biomass yield in batch culture, whereas no growth rate enhancement was evident. In contrast, a strong benefit for the engineered L. lactis strain was observed in acid stress survival. In the presence of histidine, the pathway enabled cells to survive at pH values as low as 3 for at least 2 h, conditions under which the host cells were rapidly dying. The flux through the histidine decarboxylation pathway in cells grown at physiological pH was under strict control of the electrochemical proton gradient (pmf) across the membrane. Ionophores that dissipated the membrane potential (ΔΨ) and/or the pH gradient (ΔpH) strongly increased the flux, whereas the presence of glucose almost completely inhibited the flux. Control of the pmf over the flux was exerted by both ΔΨ and ΔpH and was distributed over the transporter HdcP and the decarboxylase HdcA. The control allowed for a synergistic effect between the histidine decarboxylation and glycolytic pathways in acid stress survival. In a narrow pH range around 2.5 the synergism resulted in a 10-fold higher survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Trip
- From the Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 A6, The Netherlands
| | - Niels L. Mulder
- From the Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 A6, The Netherlands
| | - Juke S. Lolkema
- From the Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 A6, The Netherlands
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Senouci-Rezkallah K, Schmitt P, Jobin MP. Amino acids improve acid tolerance and internal pH maintenance in Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 strain. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:364-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effect of organic acids on shrimp pathogen, Vibrio harveyi. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:1-7. [PMID: 21479932 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shrimp farming accounts for more than 40% of the world shrimp production. Luminous vibriosis is a shrimp disease that causes major economic losses in the shrimp industry as a result of massive shrimp kills due to infection. Some farms in the South Asia use antibiotics to control Vibrio harveyi, a responsible pathogen for luminous vibriosis. However, the antibiotic-resistant strain was found recently in many shrimp farms, which makes it necessary to develop alternative pathogen control methods. Short-chain fatty acids are metabolic products of organisms, and they have been used as food preservatives for a long time. Organic acids are also commonly added in feeds in animal husbandry, but not in aquaculture. In this study, growth inhibitory effects of short-chain fatty acids, namely formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, on V. harveyi were investigated. Among four acids, formic acid showed the strongest inhibitory effect followed by acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.035% formic acid suppressed growth of V. harveyi. The major inhibitory mechanism seems to be the pH effect of organic acids. The effective concentration 50 (EC50) values at 96 h inoculation for all organic acids were determined to be 0.023, 0.041, 0.03, and 0.066% for formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid, respectively. The laboratory study results are encouraging to formulate shrimp feeds with organic acids to control vibrio infection in shrimp aquaculture farms.
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Modulation of responses of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 to pH and temperature stresses by growth at different salt concentrations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4720-9. [PMID: 20472729 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00474-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus inhabits marine, brackish, and estuarine waters worldwide, where fluctuations in salinity pose a constant challenge to the osmotic stress response of the organism. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a moderate halophile, having an absolute requirement for salt for survival, and is capable of growth at 1 to 9% NaCl. It is the leading cause of seafood-related bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and much of Asia. We determined whether growth in differing NaCl concentrations alters the susceptibility of V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 to other environmental stresses. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was grown at a 1% or 3% NaCl concentration, and the growth and survival of the organism were examined under acid or temperature stress conditions. Growth of V. parahaemolyticus in 3% NaCl versus that in 1% NaCl increased survival under both inorganic (HCl) and organic (acetic acid) acid conditions. In addition, at 42 degrees C and -20 degrees C, 1% NaCl had a detrimental effect on growth. The expression of lysine decarboxylase (encoded by cadA), the organism's main acid stress response system, was induced by both NaCl and acid conditions. To begin to address the mechanism of regulation of the stress response, we constructed a knockout mutation in rpoS, which encodes the alternative stress sigma factor, and in toxRS, a two-component regulator common to many Vibrio species. Both mutant strains had significantly reduced survival under acid stress conditions. The effect of V. parahaemolyticus growth in 1% or 3% NaCl was examined using a cytotoxicity assay, and we found that V. parahaemolyticus grown in 1% NaCl was significantly more toxic than that grown in 3% NaCl.
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Kimura B, Takahashi H, Hokimoto S, Tanaka Y, Fujii T. Induction of the histidine decarboxylase genes ofPhotobacterium damselaesubsp.damselae(formallyP. histaminum) at low pH. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:485-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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