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Garcia C, Charles M, Chollet B, Nadeau A, Serpin D, Quintric L, Pépin JF, Houssin M, Lupo C. Understanding the role of Francisella halioticida in mussel mortalities in France: an integrative approach. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:81-99. [PMID: 38661140 DOI: 10.3354/dao03782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Since 2014, mass mortalities of mussels Mytilus spp. have occurred in production areas on the Atlantic coast of France. The aetiology of these outbreaks remained unknown until the bacterium Francisella halioticida was detected in some mussel mortality cases. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the association between F. halioticida and these mussel mortalities. Mussel batches (n = 45) from the Atlantic coast and English Channel were selected from archived individual samples (n = 863) collected either during or outside of mortality events between 2014 and 2017. All mussels were analysed by real-time PCR assays targeting F. halioticida; in addition, 185 were analysed using histological analysis and 178 by 16S rRNA metabarcoding. F. halioticida DNA was detected by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA metabarcoding in 282 and 34 mussels, respectively. Among these individuals, 82% (real-time PCR analysis) and 76% (16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis) were sampled during a mortality event. Histological analyses showed that moribund individuals had lesions mainly characterized by necrosis, haemocyte infiltration and granulomas. Risk factor analysis showed that mussel batches with more than 20% of PCR-positive individuals were more likely to have been sampled during a mortality event, and positive 16S rRNA metabarcoding batches increased the strength of the association with mortality by 11.6 times. The role of F. halioticida in mussel mortalities was determined by reviewing the available evidence. To this end, a causation criteria grid, tailored to marine diseases and molecular pathogen detection tools, allowed more evidence to be gathered on the causal role of this bacterium in mussel mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | | | - Bruno Chollet
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Aurélie Nadeau
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Delphine Serpin
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Laure Quintric
- Ifremer, IRSI, SEBIMER Service Bio-informatique d'Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Coralie Lupo
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
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Degabriel M, Valeva S, Boisset S, Henry T. Pathogenicity and virulence of Francisella tularensis. Virulence 2023; 14:2274638. [PMID: 37941380 PMCID: PMC10653695 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2274638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. Depending on its entry route into the organism, F. tularensis causes different diseases, ranging from life-threatening pneumonia to less severe ulceroglandular tularaemia. Various strains with different geographical distributions exhibit different levels of virulence. F. tularensis is an intracellular bacterium that replicates primarily in the cytosol of the phagocytes. The main virulence attribute of F. tularensis is the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) and its effectors that promote escape from the phagosome. In addition, F. tularensis has evolved a peculiar envelope that allows it to escape detection by the immune system. In this review, we cover tularaemia, different Francisella strains, and their pathogenicity. We particularly emphasize the intracellular life cycle, associated virulence factors, and metabolic adaptations. Finally, we present how F. tularensis largely escapes immune detection to be one of the most infectious and lethal bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Degabriel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Stanimira Valeva
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Sandrine Boisset
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, UMR5075, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
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Bouras H, Quesnelle Y, Barozet A, Goux D, Blin JL, Savary M, Zatylny-Gaudin C, Houssin M. First isolation of Francisella halioticida strains from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) in Normandy, France. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 200:107950. [PMID: 37301277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortality events affecting the blue mussels Mytilus edulis have been observed in France since 2014. The DNA of the bacterium Francisella halioticida, reported as pathogen of giant abalone (Haliotis gigantea) and Yesso scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) has been detected recently in mussels from areas suffering mortalities. Isolation of this bacterium was attempted from individuals collected during mortality events. Identification was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time specific PCR and MALDI-ToF using spectra produced from the strain 8472-13A isolated from diseased Yesso scallop in Canada. Five isolates were identified as F. halioticida by real-time specific PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. MALDI-ToF allowed the direct identification of four isolates (FR22a,b,c,d) which had 100% identity on the 16S rRNA gene with the known strains. On the other hand, one isolate (FR21) was not recognized by MALDI-ToF and had 99.9% identity on the 16S rRNA gene. The FR22 isolates showed difficult growth and required media optimization, which was not the case with the FR21 isolate. For these reasons, it was hypothesized that two type strains are present on French coasts, named FR21 and FR22. The FR21 isolate was selected for phenotypic analysis (growth curve, biochemical characteristics, electron microscopy), phylogenetic analysis and an experimental challenge. This isolate showed distinct differences compared to published F. halioticida strains, both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Experimental infections of adult mussels led to 36% mortalities in 23 days following intramuscular injection with 3 × 107 CFU while a lower dose (3 × 103 CFU) did not lead to significant mortalities. In the context of this study, the strain FR21 was not virulent towards adult mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bouras
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France.
| | - Yann Quesnelle
- LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Alix Barozet
- LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CMAbio3 (Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie), SF EMerode, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, UMR 6508 CRISMAT, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Louis Blin
- Synergie Mer et Littoral (SMEL), Zone Conchylicole, Blainville-sur-mer, France
| | - Manuel Savary
- Comité Régional de Conchyliculture (CRC) Normandie-Mer du Nord, 35 rue du littoral, 50560 Gouville-sur-Mer, France
| | - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Maryline Houssin
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
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de Vries MC, Hoeve-Bakker BJA, van den Beld MJC, Hendriks ACA, Harpal ASD, Noomen RCEA, Reubsaet FAG. Identification of Francisella tularensis Subspecies in a Clinical Setting Using MALDI-TOF MS: An In-House Francisella Library and Biomarkers. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040905. [PMID: 37110328 PMCID: PMC10146885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic bacterium that is endemic in large parts of the world. It is absent in the standard library of the most applied matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems: the Vitek MS and the Bruker Biotyper system. The additional Bruker MALDI Biotyper Security library contains F. tularensis without subspecies differentiation. The virulence of F. tularensis differs between the subspecies. The F. tularensis subspecies (ssp.) tularensis is highly pathogenic, whereas the subspecies holarctica displays lower virulence and subspecies novicida and F. tularensis ssp. mediasiatica are hardly virulent. To differentiate the Francisellaceae and the F. tularensis-subspecies, an in-house Francisella library was built with the Bruker Biotyper system and validated together with the existing Bruker databases. In addition, specific biomarkers were defined based on the main spectra of the Francisella strains supplemented with in silico genome data. Our in-house Francisella library accurately differentiates the F. tularensis subspecies and the other Francisellaceae. The biomarkers correctly differentiate the various species within the genus Francisella and the F. tularensis subspecies. These MALDI-TOF MS strategies can successfully be applied in a clinical laboratory setting as a fast and specific method to identify F. tularensis to subspecies level.
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Cano I, Parker A, Ward GM, Green M, Ross S, Bignell J, Daumich C, Kerr R, Feist SW, Batista FM. First Detection of Francisella halioticida Infecting a Wild Population of Blue Mussels Mytilus edulis in the United Kingdom. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030329. [PMID: 35335653 PMCID: PMC8953295 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, declines in the population of wild blue mussels Mytilus edulis in the Tamar estuary (United Kingdom) have been noted. In archived samples collected from 2013 to 2019, between 7% (in 2013) and 18% (in 2019) showed large granulocytoma and haemocytic infiltration in the interstitial tissue of the digestive gland. Four samples were selected for 16S rRNA gene Nanopore sequencing. A consensus sequence of 1449 bp showed nucleotide similarities between 99.93–100% with published sequences of Francisella halioticida. In situ hybridisation (ISH) confirmed the presence of F. halioticida DNA within individual granulocytes of granulocytomas and also in prokaryotic-like inclusion bodies within the digestive epithelial cells. The design of diagnostic tests for surveillance of F. halioticida, including more specific ISH probes and sequencing the genome of the isolates infecting mussels, will shed more light on the pathogenicity and spread of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cano
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Abigail Parker
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Georgia M. Ward
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Matthew Green
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Stuart Ross
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - John Bignell
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Caroline Daumich
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Rose Kerr
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Stephen W. Feist
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Frederico M. Batista
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
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Abstract
Gastropods (class Gastropoda) form the largest of the classes in the phylum Mollusca and inhabit terrestrial, fresh water and marine environments. A large number of these species are of major conservation importance and are an essential component of ecosystems. Gastropods may be deemed as pests, having a negative impact in horticulture and agriculture, whereas others may be used as a food source for human consumption and therefore are beneficial. Gastropods are susceptible to primary diseases and also act as intermediate hosts for diseases which affect other animals, including humans. The diseases described include two that are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): Xenohaliotis californiensis and Abalone viral ganglioneuritis caused by Haliotid herpesvirus-1 (HaHV-1). Research into the diseases of gastropods has often focused on those species that act as intermediate disease hosts, those that are used in research or those cultured for food. In this paper we review the viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and miscellaneous conditions that have been reported in gastropods and mention some of the factors that appear to predispose them to disease. The pathogenicity of a number of these conditions has not been fully ascertained and more research is needed into specifying both the etiological agent and significance in some of the diseases reported.
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Matsuyama T, Kiryu I, Inada M, Takano T, Matsuura Y, Kamaishi T. Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis discus hannai and Haliotis diversicolor, to Abalone asfa-like Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112315. [PMID: 34835121 PMCID: PMC8621809 DOI: 10.3390/v13112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile Haliotis discus and H. madaka. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that of African swine fever virus is the causative agent and proposed abalone asfa-like virus (AbALV) as a provisional name. In this study, three species of juvenile abalone (H. gigantea, H. discus discus, and H. diversicolor) and four species of adult abalone (the above three species plus H. discus hannai) were experimentally infected, and their susceptibility to AbALV was investigated by recording mortality, quantitatively determining viral load by PCR, and conducting immunohistological studies. In the infection test using 7-month-old animals, H. gigantea, which was previously reported to be insusceptible to the disease, showed multiplication of the virus to the same extent as in H. discus discus, resulting in mass mortality. H. discus discus at 7 months old showed abnormal cell masses, notches in the edge of the shell and brown pigmentation inside of the shell, which are histopathological and external features of this disease, while H. gigantea did not show any of these characteristics despite suffering high mortality. Adult abalones had low mortality and viral replication in all species; however, all three species, except H. diversicolor, became carriers of the virus. In immunohistological observations, cells positive for viral antigens were detected predominantly in the gills of juvenile H. discus discus and H. gigantea, and mass mortality was observed in these species. In H. diversicolor, neither juvenile nor adult mortality from infection occurred, and the AbALV genome was not increased by experimental infection through cohabitation or injection. Our results suggest that H. gigantea, H. discus discus and H. discus hannai are susceptible to AbALV, while H. diversicolor is not. These results confirmed that AbALV is the etiological agent of abalone amyotrophia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomasa Matsuyama
- Research Center for Fish Diseases, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minami-Ise 516-0193, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ikunari Kiryu
- Diagnosis and Training Center for Fish Diseases, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minami-Ise 516-0193, Japan; (I.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Mari Inada
- Diagnosis and Training Center for Fish Diseases, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minami-Ise 516-0193, Japan; (I.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Tomokazu Takano
- Research Center for Fish Diseases, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minami-Ise 516-0193, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuta Matsuura
- Research Center for Fish Diseases, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minami-Ise 516-0193, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Takashi Kamaishi
- Research Center for Fish Diseases, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minami-Ise 516-0193, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.M.); (T.K.)
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Charles M, Quesnelle Y, Glais G, Trancart S, Houssin M. Development of a semi-quantitative PCR assay for the detection of Francisella halioticida and its application to field samples. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1169-1177. [PMID: 33856066 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study describes the development and application of a TaqMan® real-time PCR assay for the detection of the bacterium Francisella halioticida. Previously, detection of F. halioticida is relied on bacterial culture and conventional PCR; however, the real-time PCR provides many advantages because it is faster, less labour-intensive and reduces the risk of cross-contamination. DNA samples from mussels collected in April 2020 from seven sites in northern Brittany (France) were tested using the newly developed real-time PCR assay. The objective was to screen for the presence of F. halioticida during spring mortality events. The bacterium was detected in 71.4% of the samples tested and was present at all sites except for Saint-Brieuc and Mont-Saint-Michel, two sites which were not concerned by mortality at the time of sampling. Less than a month later, Saint-Brieuc was affected by unusual mortalities and F. halioticida was detected in almost all mussels (81.25%). The findings from this study provide further evidence indicating that F. halioticida may be contributing to mussel mortalities; however, a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. The real-time PCR assay developed in this study allows for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of F. halioticida which should prove useful for future studies concerning the involvement of this bacterium with shellfish mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Glais
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
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Luo HM, Feng JH, Li LH, Li MM, Liu RQ, Chen F, Lin Y, Li WJ, Qu PH, Xiao M. Cysteiniphilum marinum sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1079-1089. [PMID: 33895906 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Six aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from seawater in Guangdong Province, P.R. China. Cells were observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore forming. Growth of the designated type strain 19X3-30T occurred at a temperature range of 14-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), a pH range of 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7) and up to 7.5% NaCl (optimum, 1.5%; w/v), and was enhanced by CO2 and L-cysteine supplementation. The major polar lipids identified in strain 19X3-30T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The principal cellular fatty acids profile showed the presence of anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:0 (> 8% of total fatty acids), and the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (UQ-8). According to the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains represented a novel species within the family Fastidiosibacteraceae, sharing maximum similarities with Cysteiniphilum litorale DSM 101832T (96.6%) and Cysteiniphilum halobium DSM 103992T (95.3%). Phylogenetic dendrograms based on 16S rRNA gene and protein marker genes from the genomic sequences both indicated that the strains formed a monophyletic lineage closely linked to the genus Cysteiniphilum, which was also supported by the UPGMA dendrogram based on the MALDI-TOF MS profile. The genomic DNA G + C contents of six strains ranged from 38.0% to 38.1%. Based on different taxonomic genomic metrics, phylogeny and phenotypic features, we propose that the strains warrant the assignment to a novel species, for which the name Cysteiniphilum marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 19X3-30T (= KCTC 82154T = CGMCC 1.18585T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Min Luo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Feng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Hui Li
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Qin Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Hua Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Kawahara M, Yoshitake K, Yoshinaga T, Itoh N. Francisellosis of Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Japan is caused by a novel type of Francisella halioticida. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 144:9-19. [PMID: 33704088 DOI: 10.3354/dao03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Francisella halioticida, the causative agent of francisellosis of the giant abalone Haliotis gigantea, has also been isolated from Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis, which presented with orange/pinkish lesions in the adductor muscle and experienced high mortality. However, it is not clear whether the F. halioticida isolated from the giant abalone and Yesso scallops are phenotypically and genetically identical to each other. The present study revealed that isolates from the giant abalone and Yesso scallops were phenotypically different, with slower growth in modified eugon broth and a lack of prolyl aminopeptidase and phenylalanine aminopeptidase in Yesso scallop isolates. Additionally, we found that 3 of 8 housekeeping genes were different between them. Based on these phenotypic and genetic differences, we propose that F. halioticida isolated from Yesso scallops in Japan be designated as the 'J-scallop type' to distinguish it from strains from abalone ('abalone type'). Whole-genome sequencing analysis of a strain belonging to the J-scallop type showed that the overall similarity between the J-scallop and abalone type strains was estimated to be 99.84%. In accordance with a lack of prolyl aminopeptidase activity, in general, all of the J-scallop type strains examined have a 1 bp deletion in the responsible gene encoding prolyl aminopeptidase. This deletion was confirmed in all F. halioticida in diseased Yesso scallops examined, suggesting that in Japan, francisellosis of Yesso scallops is caused by a novel type of F. halioticida and not by the abalone type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kawahara
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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11
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Öhrman C, Sahl JW, Sjödin A, Uneklint I, Ballard R, Karlsson L, McDonough RF, Sundell D, Soria K, Bäckman S, Chase K, Brindefalk B, Sozhamannan S, Vallesi A, Hägglund E, Ramirez-Paredes JG, Thelaus J, Colquhoun D, Myrtennäs K, Birdsell D, Johansson A, Wagner DM, Forsman M. Reorganized Genomic Taxonomy of Francisellaceae Enables Design of Robust Environmental PCR Assays for Detection of Francisella tularensis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:146. [PMID: 33440900 PMCID: PMC7826819 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing diversity of species has been recognized within the family Francisellaceae. Unfortunately, novel isolates are sometimes misnamed in initial publications or multiple sources propose different nomenclature for genetically highly similar isolates. Thus, unstructured and occasionally incorrect information can lead to confusion in the scientific community. Historically, detection of Francisella tularensis in environmental samples has been challenging due to the considerable and unknown genetic diversity within the family, which can result in false positive results. We have assembled a comprehensive collection of genome sequences representing most known Francisellaceae species/strains and restructured them according to a taxonomy that is based on phylogenetic structure. From this structured dataset, we identified a small number of genomic regions unique to F. tularensis that are putatively suitable for specific detection of this pathogen in environmental samples. We designed and validated specific PCR assays based on these genetic regions that can be used for the detection of F. tularensis in environmental samples, such as water and air filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Öhrman
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Jason W. Sahl
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.W.S.); (R.B.); (R.F.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Ingrid Uneklint
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Rebecca Ballard
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.W.S.); (R.B.); (R.F.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Linda Karlsson
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Ryelan F. McDonough
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.W.S.); (R.B.); (R.F.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.); (D.M.W.)
| | - David Sundell
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Kathleen Soria
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.W.S.); (R.B.); (R.F.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Stina Bäckman
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Kitty Chase
- US Army Medical Research Institute, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Björn Brindefalk
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Shanmuga Sozhamannan
- Logistics Management Institute supporting Defense Biological Product Assurance Office (DBPAO) Joint Project Lead, CBRND Enabling Biotechnologies (JPL CBRND EB), Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Adriana Vallesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Emil Hägglund
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Jose Gustavo Ramirez-Paredes
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Units 1-3 Old Station Business Park, Compton, Berkshire, England RG20 6NE, UK;
| | - Johanna Thelaus
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Duncan Colquhoun
- Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Pb 750 Sentrum, 23 N-0106 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Kerstin Myrtennäs
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Dawn Birdsell
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.W.S.); (R.B.); (R.F.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Bacteriology, and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - David M. Wagner
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (J.W.S.); (R.B.); (R.F.M.); (K.S.); (D.B.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Mats Forsman
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; (C.Ö.); (A.S.); (I.U.); (L.K.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (E.H.); (J.T.); (K.M.)
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12
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Cano I, Ryder D, Webb SC, Jones BJ, Brosnahan CL, Carrasco N, Bodinier B, Furones D, Pretto T, Carella F, Chollet B, Arzul I, Cheslett D, Collins E, Lohrmann KB, Valdivia AL, Ward G, Carballal MJ, Villalba A, Marigómez I, Mortensen S, Christison K, Kevin WC, Bustos E, Christie L, Green M, Feist SW. Cosmopolitan Distribution of Endozoicomonas-Like Organisms and Other Intracellular Microcolonies of Bacteria Causing Infection in Marine Mollusks. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:577481. [PMID: 33193196 PMCID: PMC7661492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.577481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular microcolonies of bacteria (IMC), in some cases developing large extracellular cysts (bacterial aggregates), infecting primarily gill and digestive gland, have been historically reported in a wide diversity of economically important mollusk species worldwide, sometimes associated with severe lesions and mass mortality events. As an effort to characterize those organisms, traditionally named as Rickettsia or Chlamydia-like organisms, 1950 specimens comprising 22 mollusk species were collected over 10 countries and after histology examination, a selection of 99 samples involving 20 species were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed Endozoicomonadaceae sequences in all the mollusk species analyzed. Geographical differences in the distribution of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and a particular OTU associated with pathology in king scallop (OTU_2) were observed. The presence of Endozoicomonadaceae sequences in the IMC was visually confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH) in eight selected samples. Sequencing data also indicated other symbiotic bacteria. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of those OTUs revealed a novel microbial diversity associated with molluskan IMC infection distributed among different taxa, including the phylum Spirochetes, the families Anaplasmataceae and Simkaniaceae, the genera Mycoplasma and Francisella, and sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts. Sequences like Francisella halioticida/philomiragia and Candidatus Brownia rhizoecola were also obtained, however, in the absence of ISH studies, the association between those organisms and the IMCs were not confirmed. The sequences identified in this study will allow for further molecular characterization of the microbial community associated with IMC infection in marine mollusks and their correlation with severity of the lesions to clarify their role as endosymbionts, commensals or true pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cano
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - David Ryder
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Brian J Jones
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Cara L Brosnahan
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Noelia Carrasco
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dolors Furones
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tobia Pretto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Chollet
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, La Tremblade, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, La Tremblade, France
| | | | | | - Karin B Lohrmann
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Centro Innovación Acuícola Aquapacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Ana L Valdivia
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Centro Innovación Acuícola Aquapacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Georgia Ward
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - María J Carballal
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
| | | | - Kevin Christison
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wakeman C Kevin
- Institute for International Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eduardo Bustos
- Centro Acuícola Pesquero de Investigación Aplicada (CAPIA), Universidad Santo Tomás, Sede Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Lyndsay Christie
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Green
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Feist
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
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13
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Complete Genome Sequence of Francisella halioticida Type Strain DSM 23729 (FSC1005). Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/37/e00541-20. [PMID: 32912905 PMCID: PMC7484064 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00541-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the Francisella halioticida type strain DSM 23729 (FSC1005), isolated from a diseased cultured giant abalone in Japan in 2005. The genome is composed of a 2,197,430-bp-long circular chromosome, with a G+C content of 31.2%. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the Francisella halioticida type strain DSM 23729 (FSC1005), isolated from a diseased cultured giant abalone in Japan in 2005. The genome is composed of a 2,197,430-bp-long circular chromosome, with a G+C content of 31.2%.
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14
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Charles M, Villalba A, Meyer G, Trancart S, Lagy C, Bernard I, Houssin M. First detection of Francisella halioticida in mussels Mytilus spp. experiencing mortalities in France. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 140:203-208. [PMID: 32815528 DOI: 10.3354/dao03505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This note describes the first detection of the bacteria Francisella halioticida in mussels Mytilus spp. from locations in Normandy and northern Brittany (France) experiencing high mussel mortalities, while it was not detected in the Bay of St Brieuc (northern Brittany), an area which was not affected by abnormal mussel mortality. The distribution of the bacteria in mussels seems to be restricted to inflammatory granulomas as observed in Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis from Canada and Japan. F. halioticida has been identified as being involved in mass (>80%) mortality of abalones Haliotis gigantea in Japan and high (up to 40%) mortality of Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Canada as well as in lesions reducing marketability of Yesso scallops in Japan. The impact of this bacterium on the health of mussels needs to be investigated in future research, especially since the cause of high mussel mortalities that have been occurring in France for the past few years is still undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Charles
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, FRE BOREA, CNRS-2030, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex 4, France
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15
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Kumar R, Bröms JE, Sjöstedt A. Exploring the Diversity Within the Genus Francisella - An Integrated Pan-Genome and Genome-Mining Approach. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1928. [PMID: 32849479 PMCID: PMC7431613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pan-genome analysis is a powerful method to explore genomic heterogeneity and diversity of bacterial species. Here we present a pan-genome analysis of the genus Francisella, comprising a dataset of 63 genomes and encompassing clinical as well as environmental isolates from distinct geographic locations. To determine the evolutionary relationship within the genus, we performed phylogenetic whole-genome studies utilizing the average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, core genes and non-recombinant loci markers. Based on the analyses, the phylogenetic trees obtained identified two distinct clades, A and B and a diverse cluster designated C. The sizes of the pan-, core-, cloud-, and shell-genomes of Francisella were estimated and compared to those of two other facultative intracellular pathogens, Legionella and Piscirickettsia. Francisella had the smallest core-genome, 692 genes, compared to 886 and 1,732 genes for Legionella and Piscirickettsia respectively, while the pan-genome of Legionella was more than twice the size of that of the other two genera. Also, the composition of the Francisella Type VI secretion system (T6SS) was analyzed. Distinct differences in the gene content of the T6SS were identified. In silico approaches performed to identify putative substrates of these systems revealed potential effectors targeting the cell wall, inner membrane, cellular nucleic acids as well as proteins, thus constituting attractive targets for site-directed mutagenesis. The comparative analysis performed here provides a comprehensive basis for the assessment of the phylogenomic relationship of members of the genus Francisella and for the identification of putative T6SS virulence traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jeanette E Bröms
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Li LH, Luo HM, Feng JH, Ming YZ, Zheng ML, Deng GY, Chen C, Li WJ, Xiao M, Qu PH. Francisella salimarina sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3264-3272. [PMID: 32375983 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four strains (SYSU SYW-1T, SYW-2, SYW-3 and XLW-1) were isolated from seawater near the shore in Guangdong Province, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth was observed at a temperature range of 16-40 °C (optimum, 32 °C), a pH range of 4-8 (optimum, pH 7) and in the presence of up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (UQ-8), and the predominant fatty acids were C18 : 0 3-OH, C10 : 0, C14 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences confirmed that these strains represented a novel member of the genus Francisella, with less than 98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and less than 95 % genomic average nucleotide identity to recognized Francisella species. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the protein-concatamer tree based on a concatenation of 28 protein marker sequences both indicated that the strains clustered with 'Francisella salina' TX07-7308 and 'Francisella marina' E95-16, but formed a distinct lineage group among the other members of the genus Francisella. The DNA G+C contents of the four strains were determined to be 32.9, 32.7, 32.9 and 32.9 %, respectively (genome). On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic features, the strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Francisella, for which the name Francisella salimarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU SYW-1T (=CGMCC 1.17031T=NBRC 113781T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hui Li
- The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hai-Min Luo
- The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jun-Hui Feng
- The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhen Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Min-Ling Zheng
- The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guang-Yuan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi, 830011, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ping-Hua Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,The Second Clinic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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17
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Ramirez-Paredes JG, Larsson P, Thompson KD, Penman DJ, Busse HJ, Öhrman C, Sjödin A, Soto E, Richards RH, Adams A, Colquhoun DJ. Reclassification of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis Ottem et al. 2009 as Francisella orientalis sp. nov., Francisella noatunensis subsp. chilensis subsp. nov. and emended description of Francisella noatunensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2034-2048. [PMID: 32160147 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella noatunensis is a fastidious facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes 'piscine francisellosis', a serious disease affecting both marine and fresh water farmed and wild fish worldwide. Currently two F. noatunensis subspecies are recognized, i.e. F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis and F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis. In the present study, the taxonomy of F. noatunensis was revisited using a polyphasic approach, including whole genome derived parameters such as digital DNA-DNA hybridization, whole genome average nucleotide identity (wg-ANIm), whole genome phylogenetic analysis, whole genome G+C content, metabolic fingerprinting and chemotaxonomic analyses. The results indicated that isolates belonging to F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis represent a phenotypically and genetically homogenous taxon, clearly distinguishable from F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis that fulfils requirements for separate species status. We propose, therefore, elevation of F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis to the species rank as Francisella orientalis sp. nov. with the type strain remaining as Ehime-1T (DSM 21254T=LMG 24544T). Furthermore, we identified sufficient phenotypic and genetic differences between F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis recovered from diseased farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile and those isolated from wild and farmed Atlantic cod in Northern Europe to warrant proposal of the Chilean as a novel F. noatunensis subspecies, i.e. Francisella noatunensis subsp. chilensis subsp. nov. with strain PQ1106T (CECT 9798T=NCTC14375T) as the type strain. Finally, we emend the description of F. noatunensis by including further metabolic information and the description of atypical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gustavo Ramirez-Paredes
- Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd. a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Units 1-3 Old Station Business Park, Compton, Berkshire, England, RG20 6NE, UK
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
- Present address: Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd. a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Units 1-3 Old Station Business Park, Compton, Berkshire, England, RG20 6NE, UK
| | - Pär Larsson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - David J Penman
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institute of Microbiology, Veterinary University, Vienna, A-1160 Wien, Austria
| | - Caroline Öhrman
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Randolph H Richards
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Duncan J Colquhoun
- Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Pb 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
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Dietrich EA, Kingry LC, Kugeler KJ, Levy C, Yaglom H, Young JW, Mead PS, Petersen JM. Francisella opportunistica sp. nov., isolated from human blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1145-1151. [PMID: 31860434 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isolates of a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming coccobacillus cultured from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of immunocompromised patients in the United States were described previously. Biochemical and phylogenetic analyses revealed that they belong to a novel species within the Francisella genus. Here we describe a third isolate of this species, recovered from blood of a febrile patient with renal failure, and formally name the Francisella species. Whole genome comparisons indicated the three isolates display greater than 99.9 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) to each other and are most closely related to the tick endosymbiont F. persica, with only 88.6-88.8 % ANI to the type strain of F. persica. Based on biochemical, metabolic and genomic comparisons, we propose that these three isolates should be recognized as Francisella opportunistica sp. nov, with the type strain of the species, PA05-1188T, available through the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSM 107100) and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC BAA-2974).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dietrich
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luke C Kingry
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kiersten J Kugeler
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Craig Levy
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hayley Yaglom
- Present address: Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - John W Young
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul S Mead
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeannine M Petersen
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Optimisation of External Factors for the Growth of Francisella novicida within Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6826983. [PMID: 32090107 PMCID: PMC6996686 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6826983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been used as a model organism to study host-pathogen interaction in many intracellular bacteria. Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative, highly infectious bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. The bacterium is able to replicate in different phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells including mammalian, amoebae, and arthropod cells. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal temperature and infection dose in the interaction of Francisella novicida with D. discoideum in order to establish a model of Francisella infection in the social amoeba. The amoeba cells were infected with a different multiplicity of infection (5, 10, and 100) and incubated at different temperatures (22, 25, 27, 30, and 37°C). The number of intracellular bacteria within D. discoideum, as well as cytotoxicity, was determined at 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after infection. Our results showed that the optimal temperature for Francisella intracellular replication within amoeba is 30°C with the MOI of 10. We can conclude that this MOI and temperature induced the optimal growth of bacteria in Dictyostelium with low cytotoxicity.
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Kawahara M, Meyer GR, Lowe GJ, Kim E, Polinski MP, Yoshinaga T, Itoh N. Parallel studies confirm Francisella halioticida causes mortality in Yesso scallops Patinopecten yessoensis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 135:127-134. [PMID: 31392965 DOI: 10.3354/dao03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Francisella halioticida is a marine bacterium originally described as the causative agent of mass mortality among giant abalone Haliotis gigantea. Recent field studies in Canada and Japan have suggested that this bacterium is also the cause of adductor muscle lesions and high mortality of Yesso scallops Patinopecten yessoensis, although a causal relationship has not been established. In the present study, the pathogenicity of F. halioticida in Yesso scallops was assessed in both Canada and Japan using bacteria isolated from diseased Yesso scallops in each respective country. Independent laboratory experiments revealed that scallops challenged with F. halioticida via bath exposure resulted in high mortality and histological lesions characterized by massive haemocyte infiltration. The presence of F. halioticida was confirmed using PCR, and F. halioticida was re-isolated from a portion of dead and surviving specimens. These results fulfill Koch's classic criteria for establishing disease causation and provide conclusive evidence that F. halioticida causes adductor muscle lesions and high mortality in Yesso scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kawahara
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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21
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Koh FX, Nurhidayah MN, Tan PE, Kho KL, Tay ST. Francisella spp. detected in Dermacentor ticks in Malaysian forest reserve areas. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2019; 17:100315. [PMID: 31303231 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on tropical ticks and tick-borne bacteria affecting the health of humans and animals in the Southeast Asia region. Francisella tularensis is a tick-borne bacterium which causes a potentially life-threatening disease known as tularemia. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Francisella spp. in questing ticks collected from Malaysian forest reserve areas. A total of 106 ticks (mainly Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis spp.) were examined for Francisella DNA using a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the bacterial 16S rDNA. Francisella DNA was detected from 12 Dermacentor ticks. Sequence analysis of the amplified 16S rDNA sequences (1035 bp) show >99% identity with that of Francisella endosymbiont reported in a tick from Thailand. A dendrogram constructed based on the bacterial 16S rDNA shows that the Francisella spp. were distantly related to the pathogenic strains of F. tularensis. Three Francisella-positive ticks were identified as Dermacentor atrosignatus, based on sequence analysis of the tick mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Further screening of cattle and sheep ticks (Haemaphysalis bispinosa and Rhipicephalus microplus) and animal samples (cattle, sheep, and goats) did not yield any positive findings. Our findings provide the first molecular data on the occurrence of a Francisella strain with unknown pathogenicity in Dermacentor questing ticks in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fui Xian Koh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Nasir Nurhidayah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poai Ean Tan
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ling Kho
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sun Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Pseudofrancisella aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Francisellaceae isolated from estuarine seawater. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:877-886. [PMID: 30603801 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-01220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and non-spore forming bacterium, designated strain SYSU WZ-2T, was isolated from an estuarine seawater sample. Growth of strain SYSU WZ-2T was observed at temperature range of 10-40° C (optimum, 32 °C), pH range of 6-10 (optimum, pH 7-8) and in the presence of up to 5.0% NaCl (w/v). The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was determined to be 30.1% (genome). The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The major fatty acids were C18:0 3-OH (27.5%), C18:1ω9c (19.3%), C16:0 (17.0%) and C14:0 (12.9%). The respiratory quinone was found to be ubiquinone Q8. Pairwise comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SYSU WZ-2T shares high identities with members of the genera Francisella (94.8-95.9%) and Allofrancisella (93.8-94.2%). The phylogenetic dendrograms based on 16S rRNA gene sequences with the members of the family Francisellaceae showed that the strain SYSU WZ-2T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage well separated from the members of the genera Francisella and Allofrancisella. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis also depicted a different profile for strain SYSU WZ-2T compared with those of members of the genera Francisella and Allofrancisella. Based on the above results and differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain SYSU WZ-2T is characterized to represent a new species of a novel genus, for which the name Pseudofrancisella aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain SYSU WZ-2T = KCTC 52557T = CGMCC 1.13718T).
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Hennebique A, Boisset S, Maurin M. Tularemia as a waterborne disease: a review. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1027-1042. [PMID: 31287787 PMCID: PMC6691783 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1638734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative, intracellular bacterium causing the zoonosis tularemia. This highly infectious microorganism is considered a potential biological threat agent. Humans are usually infected through direct contact with the animal reservoir and tick bites. However, tularemia cases also occur after contact with a contaminated hydro-telluric environment. Water-borne tularemia outbreaks and sporadic cases have occurred worldwide in the last decades, with specific clinical and epidemiological traits. These infections represent a major public health and military challenge. Human contaminations have occurred through consumption or use of F. tularensis-contaminated water, and various aquatic activities such as swimming, canyoning and fishing. In addition, in Sweden and Finland, mosquitoes are primary vectors of tularemia due to infection of mosquito larvae in contaminated aquatic environments. The mechanisms of F. tularensis survival in water may include the formation of biofilms, interactions with free-living amoebae, and the transition to a 'viable but nonculturable' state, but the relative contribution of these possible mechanisms remains unknown. Many new aquatic species of Francisella have been characterized in recent years. F. tularensis likely shares with these species an ability of long-term survival in the aquatic environment, which has to be considered in terms of tularemia surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hennebique
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Boisset
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Max Maurin
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
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24
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Francisella marina sp. nov., Etiologic Agent of Systemic Disease in Cultured Spotted Rose Snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) in Central America. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00144-18. [PMID: 29915103 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00144-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, piscine francisellosis in various warm-, temperate-, and cold-water fish hosts has been attributed to Francisella noatunensis From 2015 to 2016, an undescribed Francisella sp. was recovered during mortality events in cultured spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) off the Pacific coast of Central America. Despite high mortality and emaciation, limited gross findings were observed in affected fish. Histological examination revealed multifocal granulomatous lesions, with the presence of numerous small, pleomorphic coccobacilli, predominantly in the peritoneum, spleen, kidneys, liver, pancreas, heart, and intestine. Sequencing of an ∼1,400-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated these isolates to be most similar (99.9% identity) to Francisella sp. isolate TX077308 cultured from seawater in the Gulf of Mexico, while sharing <99% similarity to other Fransicella spp. Biochemical analysis, multilocus sequence comparisons of select housekeeping genes, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR fingerprinting, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, and fatty acid methyl ester analysis revealed marked differences between these isolates and other described members of the genus. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by experimental intracoelomic injection and immersion trials using Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) and blue (Oreochromis aureus) tilapia. Based on observed phenotypic and genotypic differences from recognized Francisella spp., the name Francisellamarina sp. nov. (NRRL B-65518) is proposed to accommodate these novel strains.IMPORTANCE Finfish aquaculture is the fastest growing global food production sector. Infectious disease, particularly emergent pathogens, pose a significant threat to established and nascent aquaculture industries worldwide. Herein, we characterize a novel pathogen isolated from mortality events in cultured spotted rose snapper in Central America. The bacteria recovered from these outbreaks were genetically and phenotypically dissimilar from other known Francisella spp. from fish, representing a previously unrecognized member of the genus Francisella, for which the name Francisella marina sp. nov. is proposed.
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25
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Thelaus J, Lundmark E, Lindgren P, Sjödin A, Forsman M. Galleria mellonella Reveals Niche Differences Between Highly Pathogenic and Closely Related Strains of Francisella spp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:188. [PMID: 29922601 PMCID: PMC5996057 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, a highly virulent bacteria that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia, is considered a potential agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism. Although the host range for several species within the Francisella is known, little is known about the natural reservoirs of various Francisella species. The lack of knowledge regarding the environmental fates of these pathogens greatly reduces the possibilities for microbial risk assessments. The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) is an insect of the order Lepidoptera that has been used as an alternative model to study microbial infection during recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate G. mellonella as a model system for studies of human pathogenic and closely related opportunistic and non-pathogenic strains within the Francisella genus. The employed G. mellonella larvae model demonstrated differences in lethality between human pathogenic and human non-pathogenic or opportunistic Francisella species. The F. novicida, F. hispaniensis and F. philomiragia strains were significantly more virulent in the G. mellonella model than the strains of human pathogens F. t. holarctica and F. t. tularensis. Our data show that G. mellonella is a possible in vivo model of insect immunity for studies of both opportunistic and virulent lineages of Francisella spp., that produces inverse results regarding lethality in G. mellonella and incapacitating disease in humans. The results provide insight into the potential host specificity of F. tularensis and closely related members of the same genus, thus increasing our present understanding of Francisella spp. ecology.
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Ramírez-Paredes JG, Thompson KD, Metselaar M, Shahin K, Soto E, Richards RH, Penman DJ, Colquhoun DJ, Adams A. A Polyphasic Approach for Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of the Fastidious Aquatic Pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2324. [PMID: 29312155 PMCID: PMC5733052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the causative agent of piscine francisellosis, an emerging infectious disease in Asia and Latin America. In this study two outbreaks of francisellosis were diagnosed in the UK on the basis of histopathology, electron microscopy, PCR, bacterial isolation and fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Furthermore, a phenotypic fingerprint based on biochemical analyses, metabolic activity, chemotaxonomic composition, and antimicrobial assays was generated for the novel isolates, the Fno type strain Ehime-1 from Asia and other Fno from Latin America. The genetic relatedness between the novel Fno and other Francisellaceae species was investigated by sequencing and comparing the 16SrRNA gene, 8 housekeeping genes (individually and concatenated) and the 16SrRNA-ITS-23SrRNA sequence. The phenotypic profiling indicated a high degree of similarity among the Fno strains as all were able to metabolize dextrin, N-acetyl-D glucosamine, D-fructose, α-D-glucose, D-mannose, methyl pyruvate, acetic acid, α-keto butyric acid, L-alaninamide, L-alanine, L-alanylglycine, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, inosine, uridine, glycerol, D L-α-glycerol phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate. The chemotaxonomic analyses indicated that 24:1 (20.3%), 18:1n-9 (16.9%), 24:0 (13.1%) 14:0 (10.9%), 22:0 (7.8%), 16:0 (7.6%), and 18:0 (5.5%) were the predominant structural fatty acids in Fno. The antimicrobial assays showed little variation between the isolates and high susceptibility to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tobramycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, florfenicol, oxolinic acid, and streptomycin in all the Fno analyzed. In all the phylogenetic trees the Fno strains clustered together in independent branches confirming a high degree of homogeneity. Interestingly in five of the 11 trees i.e., mutS, putA, rpoB, 16SrRNA-ITS-23SrRNA, and concatenated sequence the two Francisella noatunensis ssp. diverged more from each other than from the closely related Francisella philomiragia (Fp). The phenotypic and genetic characterization confirmed the Fno isolates represent a solid phylo-phenetic taxon that in the current context of the genus seems to be misplaced within the species Fn. We propose the use of the present polyphasic approach in future studies to characterize strains of Fnn and Fp and verify their current taxonomic rank of Fno and other aquatic Francisella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Ramírez-Paredes
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khalid Shahin
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Randolph H. Richards
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Penman
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandra Adams
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Challacombe JF, Pillai S, Kuske CR. Shared features of cryptic plasmids from environmental and pathogenic Francisella species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183554. [PMID: 28837612 PMCID: PMC5570271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Francisella genus includes several recognized species, additional potential species, and other representatives that inhabit a range of incredibly diverse ecological niches, but are not closely related to the named species. Francisella species have been obtained from a wide variety of clinical and environmental sources; documented species include highly virulent human and animal pathogens, fish pathogens, opportunistic human pathogens, tick endosymbionts, and free-living isolates inhabiting brackish water. While more than 120 Francisella genomes have been sequenced to date, only a few contain plasmids, and most of these appear to be cryptic, with unknown benefit to the host cell. We have identified several putative cryptic plasmids in the sequenced genomes of three Francisella novicida and F. novicida-like strains (TX07-6608, AZ06-7470, DPG_3A-IS) and two new Francisella species (F. frigiditurris CA97-1460 and F. opportunistica MA06-7296). These plasmids were compared to each other and to previously identified plasmids from other Francisella species. Some of the plasmids encoded functions potentially involved in replication, conjugal transfer and partitioning, environmental survival (transcriptional regulation, signaling, metabolism), and hypothetical proteins with no assignable functions. Genomic and phylogenetic comparisons of these new plasmids to the other known Francisella plasmids revealed some similarities that add to our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among the diverse Francisella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F. Challacombe
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Segaran Pillai
- Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheryl R. Kuske
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
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Microbiota in the coelomic fluid of two common coastal starfish species and characterization of an abundant Helicobacter-related taxon. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8764. [PMID: 28821872 PMCID: PMC5562702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates associate with diverse microorganisms. Microorganisms even inhabit coelomic fluid (CF), namely, the fluid filling the main body cavity of echinoderms. The CF microbiota potentially impacts host health and disease. Here, we analysed the CF microbiota in two common coastal starfish species, Patiria pectinifera and Asterias amurensis. Although microbial community structures were highly variable among individual starfish, those of P. pectinifera were compositionally similar to those in the surrounding seawater. By contrast, many A. amurensis individuals harboured unique microbes in the CF, which was dominated by the unclassified Thiotrichales or previously unknown Helicobacter-related taxon. In some individuals, the Helicobacter-related taxon was the most abundant genus-level taxon, accounting for up to 97.3% of reads obtained from the CF microbial community. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using a Helicobacter-related-taxon-specific probe suggested that probe-reactive cells in A. amurensis were spiral-shaped, morphologically similar to known Helicobacter species. Electron microscopy revealed that the spiral cells had a prosthecate-like polar appendage that has never been reported in Helicobacter species. Although culture of Helicobacter-related taxon was unsuccessful, this is the first report of the dominance of a Helicobacter-related taxon in invertebrates and non-digestive organs, reshaping our knowledge of the phylogeography of Helicobacter-related taxa.
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29
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Whole-Genome Relationships among Francisella Bacteria of Diverse Origins Define New Species and Provide Specific Regions for Detection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02589-16. [PMID: 27881415 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02589-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen that causes tularemia and, because of weaponization efforts in past world wars, is considered a tier 1 biothreat agent. Detection and surveillance of F. tularensis may be confounded by the presence of uncharacterized, closely related organisms. Through DNA-based diagnostics and environmental surveys, novel clinical and environmental Francisella isolates have been obtained in recent years. Here we present 7 new Francisella genomes and a comparison of their characteristics to each other and to 24 publicly available genomes as well as a comparative analysis of 16S rRNA and sdhA genes from over 90 Francisella strains. Delineation of new species in bacteria is challenging, especially when isolates having very close genomic characteristics exhibit different physiological features-for example, when some are virulent pathogens in humans and animals while others are nonpathogenic or are opportunistic pathogens. Species resolution within Francisella varies with analyses of single genes, multiple gene or protein sets, or whole-genome comparisons of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. Analyses focusing on single genes (16S rRNA, sdhA), multiple gene sets (virulence genes, lipopolysaccharide [LPS] biosynthesis genes, pathogenicity island), and whole-genome comparisons (nucleotide and protein) gave congruent results, but with different levels of discrimination confidence. We designate four new species within the genus; Francisella opportunistica sp. nov. (MA06-7296), Francisella salina sp. nov. (TX07-7308), Francisella uliginis sp. nov. (TX07-7310), and Francisella frigiditurris sp. nov. (CA97-1460). This study provides a robust comparative framework to discern species and virulence features of newly detected Francisella bacteria. IMPORTANCE DNA-based detection and sequencing methods have identified thousands of new bacteria in the human body and the environment. In most cases, there are no cultured isolates that correspond to these sequences. While DNA-based approaches are highly sensitive, accurately assigning species is difficult without known near relatives for comparison. This ambiguity poses challenges for clinical cases, disease epidemics, and environmental surveillance, for which response times must be short. Many new Francisella isolates have been identified globally. However, their species designations and potential for causing human disease remain ambiguous. Through detailed genome comparisons, we identified features that differentiate F. tularensis from clinical and environmental Francisella isolates and provide a knowledge base for future comparison of Francisella organisms identified in clinical samples or environmental surveys.
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30
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Qu PH, Li Y, Salam N, Chen SY, Liu L, Gu Q, Fang BZ, Xiao M, Li M, Chen C, Li WJ. Allofrancisella inopinata gen. nov., sp. nov. and Allofrancisella frigidaquae sp. nov., isolated from water-cooling systems, and transfer of Francisella guangzhouensis Qu et al. 2013 to the new genus as Allofrancisella guangzhouensis comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4832-4838. [PMID: 27543089 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five bacterial strains (SYSU YG23T, SYSU 10HL1970T, 10HP82-10, 10HL1938, 10HP457) isolated from water reservoirs of cooling systems were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolates were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile. Growth was enhanced in the presence of l-cysteine. The major fatty acids (>5 %) for the five strains were C10 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 0 3-OH and C18 : 1ω9c. Ubiquinone-8 was detected as the respiratory quinone while the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids. The strains shared 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.0-99.2 % with Francisella guangzhouensis 08HL01032T but less than 95.2 % with other members of the family Francisellaceae. The phylogenetic dendrogram based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains form a separate cluster along with Francisella guangzhouensis. This cluster was also confirmed from multilocus-sequence typing based on sequences of the mdhA, rpoB and sdhA genes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS analyses of the strains along with closely and distantly related Francisella strains also showed a distinct cluster for these strains. Based on the findings from the polyphasic taxonomy studies, the strains were considered to represent two novel species of a new genus for which the names Allofrancisella inopinata gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain SYSU YG23T=KCTC 42968T=DSM 101834T) and Allofrancisella frigidaquae sp. nov. (type strain SYSU 10HL1970T=KCTC 42969T=DSM 101835T) are proposed. In addition, Francisella guangzhouensisQu et al. 2013 is proposed to be transferred to this new genus as Allofrancisella guangzhouensis comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hua Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Nimaichand Salam
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory, Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, PR China
| | - Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Quan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Abstract
Francisellosis is a bacterial disease with increasing economic impacts in the culture of tilapia and Atlantic cod since emerging in 1992. Two main strains – Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) and F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis (Fnn), have been identified, causing both acute and chronic granulomatous systemic disease. The piscine host range is increasing and Francisella culture should be included in routine diagnosis. Differentiation from the major zoonotic F. tularensis and opportunistic zoonotic F. philomiragia when dealing with environmental soil and water samples from fish farms is important. Diagnosis can be challenging but presentation of granulomatous pathology in fish should require use of cysteine supplemented selective media, culture at 15–28°C or culture in fish cell lines and specific PCR to exclude piscine Fno or Fnn. Control of infections in fish rely on appropriate antibiotic selection although in the long term an effective commercial vaccine that includes the pathogenic species of Francisella is required.
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Aravena-Román M, Merritt A, Inglis TJJ. First case of Francisella bacteraemia in Western Australia. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 8:75-7. [PMID: 26649180 PMCID: PMC4644258 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella species are Gram-negative, nonmotile, pleomorphic coccobacilli, facultative intracellular fastidious bacteria. We report the isolation of a Francisella-like species from a blood culture collected from a 44-year-old bacteraemic patient in Perth, Western Australia. The organism was identified to species level by 16S rRNA sequencing and by fatty acid methyl esters analysis. The strain genotypically resembled Francisella hispaniensis, a species previously isolated from human blood in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Aravena-Román
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia ; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Adam Merritt
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Timothy J J Inglis
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia ; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Gu Q, Li X, Qu P, Hou S, Li J, Atwill ER, Chen S. Characterization of Francisella species isolated from the cooling water of an air conditioning system. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:921-7. [PMID: 26413079 PMCID: PMC4568874 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246320140465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of Francisella spp. were isolated from cooling water from an
air conditioning system in Guangzhou, China. These strains are Gram negative,
coccobacilli, non-motile, oxidase negative, catalase negative, esterase and lipid
esterase positive. In addition, these bacteria grow on cysteine-supplemented media at
20 °C to 40 °C with an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene
sequences revealed that these strains belong to the genus
Francisella. Biochemical tests and phylogenetic and BLAST
analyses of 16S rRNA, rpoB and sdhA genes indicated
that one strain was very similar to Francisella philomiragia and
that the other strains were identical or highly similar to the Francisella
guangzhouensis sp. nov. strain 08HL01032 we previously described.
Biochemical and molecular characteristics of these strains demonstrated that multiple
Francisella species exist in air conditioning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunde Li
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, California, USA
| | - Pinghua Qu
- Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University City Branch, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuiping Hou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward R Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, California, USA
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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Szigeti A, Kreizinger Z, Hornok S, Abichu G, Gyuranecz M. Detection of Francisella-like endosymbiont in Hyalomma rufipes from Ethiopia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:818-20. [PMID: 25108781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The expanding family of Francisellaceae includes the genus Francisella, where several pathogen bacteria, e.g. the zoonotic F. tularensis, and different Francisella-like agents belong to. Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLEs) are widespread in hard and soft ticks and their pathogenicity is unknown. The examination of 296 ticks collected in Ethiopia was performed for the detection of F. tularensis and FLEs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays based on the amplification of 16S rRNA, sdhA and tul4 gene fragments. FLE was described in one Hyalomma rufipes tick based on the 16S rRNA and sdhA gene sequences. The 16S rRNA gene fragment was identical with the ones detected previously in Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum in Bulgaria. The presence of endosymbionts with identical 16S rRNA gene sequence in both Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma species further supports the hypotheses, that certain FLEs had independent evolution from their tick hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Szigeti
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Sándor Hornok
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István utca 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - Getachew Abichu
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István utca 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary.
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35
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Genome sequence and phenotypic analysis of a first German Francisella sp. isolate (W12-1067) not belonging to the species Francisella tularensis. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:169. [PMID: 24961323 PMCID: PMC4230796 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Francisella isolates from patients suffering from tularemia in Germany are generally strains of the species F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. To our knowledge, no other Francisella species are known for Germany. Recently, a new Francisella species could be isolated from a water reservoir of a cooling tower in Germany. RESULTS We identified a Francisella sp. (isolate W12-1067) whose 16S rDNA is 99% identical to the respective nucleotide sequence of the recently published strain F. guangzhouensis. The overall sequence identity of the fopA, gyrA, rpoA, groEL, sdhA and dnaK genes is only 89%, indicating that strain W12-1067 is not identical to F. guangzhouensis. W12-1067 was isolated from a water reservoir of a cooling tower of a hospital in Germany. The growth optimum of the isolate is approximately 30°C, it can grow in the presence of 4-5% NaCl (halotolerant) and is able to grow without additional cysteine within the medium. The strain was able to replicate within a mouse-derived macrophage-like cell line. The whole genome of the strain was sequenced (~1.7 mbp, 32.2% G + C content) and the draft genome was annotated. Various virulence genes common to the genus Francisella are present, but the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) is missing. However, another putative type-VI secretion system is present within the genome of strain W12-1067. CONCLUSIONS Isolate W12-1067 is closely related to the recently described F. guangzhouensis species and it replicates within eukaryotic host cells. Since W12-1067 exhibits a putative new type-VI secretion system and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica was found not to be the sole species in Germany, the new isolate is an interesting species to be analyzed in more detail. Further research is needed to investigate the epidemiology, ecology and pathogenicity of Francisella species present in Germany.
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Coolen JPM, Sjödin A, Maraha B, Hajer GF, Forsman M, Verspui E, Frenay HME, Notermans DW, de Vries MC, Reubsaet FAG, Paauw A, Roeselers G. Draft genome sequence of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica BD11-00177. Stand Genomic Sci 2013; 8:539-47. [PMID: 24501637 PMCID: PMC3910693 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.4217923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium in the class Gammaproteobacteria. This strain is of interest because it is the etiologic agent of tularemia and a highly virulent category A biothreat agent. Here we describe the draft genome sequence and annotation of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica BD11-00177, isolated from the first case of indigenous tularemia detected in The Netherlands since 1953. Whole genome DNA sequence analysis assigned this isolate to the genomic group B.FTNF002–00, which previously has been exclusively reported from Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland and Germany. Automatic annotation of the 1,813,372 bp draft genome revealed 2,103 protein-coding and 46 RNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division for CBRN Defence and Security, FOI - Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Boulos Maraha
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Beatrix Hospital, Gorinchem and Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard F Hajer
- Department of Surgery, Beatrix Hospital, Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - Mats Forsman
- Division for CBRN Defence and Security, FOI - Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ellen Verspui
- Public Health Service Zuid Holland Zuid, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrina M E Frenay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Beatrix Hospital, Gorinchem and Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan W Notermans
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening (LIS), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike C de Vries
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening (LIS), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frans A G Reubsaet
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening (LIS), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A 69-year-old patient presented with a tender, thickly crusted skin lesion of 1 week's duration. A bacterial culture swab taken from the underlying granular tissue yielded a pure isolate of a Gram-negative coccobacillus, presumptively identified as a novel Francisella species via 16S rRNA and multilocus gene sequence analysis.
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38
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Qu PH, Chen SY, Scholz HC, Busse HJ, Gu Q, Kämpfer P, Foster JT, Glaeser SP, Chen C, Yang ZC. Francisella guangzhouensis sp. nov., isolated from air-conditioning systems. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3628-3635. [PMID: 23606480 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.049916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four strains (08HL01032(T), 09HG994, 10HP82-6 and 10HL1960) were isolated from water of air-conditioning systems of various cooling towers in Guangzhou city, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative coccobacilli without flagella, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, showing no reduction of nitrate, no hydrolysis of urea and no production of H2S. Growth was characteristically enhanced in the presence of l-cysteine, which was consistent with the properties of members of the genus Francisella. The quinone system was composed of ubiquinone Q-8 with minor amounts of Q-9. The polar lipid profile consisted of the predominant lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified phospholipids (PL2, PL3), an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid (GL2). The polyamine pattern consisted of the major compounds spermidine, cadaverine and spermine. The major cellular fatty acids were C10 : 0, C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1 3-OH. A draft whole-genome sequence of the proposed type strain 08HL01032(T) was generated. Comparative sequence analysis of the complete 16S and 23S rRNA genes confirmed affiliation to the genus Francisella, with 95 % sequence identity to the closest relatives in the database, the type strains of Francisella philomiragia and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis. Full-length deduced amino acid sequences of various housekeeping genes, recA, gyrB, groEL, dnaK, rpoA, rpoB, rpoD, rpoH, fopA and sdhA, exhibited similarities of 67-92 % to strains of other species of the genus Francisella. Strains 08HL01032(T), 09HG994, 10HP82-6 and 10HL1960 exhibited highly similar pan-genome PCR profiles. Both the phenotypic and molecular data support the conclusion that the four strains belong to the genus Francisella but exhibit considerable divergence from all recognized Francisella species. Therefore, we propose the name Francisella guangzhouensis sp. nov., with the type strain 08HL01032(T) ( = CCUG 60119(T) = NCTC 13503(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hua Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory, Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, No. 23, 3rd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Holger C Scholz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Quan Gu
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory, Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, No. 23, 3rd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-4073, USA
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chong Yang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory, Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, No. 23, 3rd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
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39
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List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.041269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors’ names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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