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Kohler J, Gore M, Ormond R, Johnson B, Austin T. Individual residency behaviours and seasonal long-distance movements in acoustically tagged Caribbean reef sharks in the Cayman Islands. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293884. [PMID: 38011196 PMCID: PMC10681323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how reef-associated sharks use coastal waters through their ontogeny is important for their effective conservation and management. This study used the horizontal movements of acoustically tagged Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) to examine their use of coastal space around the Cayman Islands between 2009 and 2019. A total of 39 (59.1%) tagged sharks (male = 22, female = 17, immature = 18, mature = 21) were detected on the islands wide network of acoustic receivers. The detection data were used to calculate values of Residency Index (RI), Site-Fidelity Index (SFI) and minimum linear displacement (MLD), as well as for network analysis of individual shark movements to test for differences between demographics, seasons, and diel periods. Sharks were detected for up to 1,598 days post-tagging and some individuals showed resident behaviour but the majority of tagged individuals appear to have been one-off or only occasional transient visitors to the area. Generally, individuals showed strong site-fidelity to different areas displaying linear home ranges of < 20 km. The evidence indicates that there was no pattern of diel behaviour. Tagged sharks generally showed increased movements within and between islands during the summer (April-September), which may be related to breeding activity. Some individuals even made occasional excursions across 110 km of open water > 2,000 m deep between Grand Cayman and Little Cayman. One mature female shark showed a displacement of 148.21 km, the greatest distance reported for this species. The data shows that the distances over which some sharks moved, greatly exceeded the extent of any one of the islands' marine protected areas indicating that this species may be more mobile and dispersive than previously thought. This study provides support for the blanket protection to all sharks throughout Cayman waters, which was incorporated within the National Conservation Act in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kohler
- Department of the Environment, Cayman Islands Government, George Town, Cayman Islands
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mauvis Gore
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Marine Conservation International, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert Ormond
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Marine Conservation International, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Johnson
- Department of the Environment, Cayman Islands Government, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Timothy Austin
- Department of the Environment, Cayman Islands Government, George Town, Cayman Islands
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2
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Lesturgie P, Lainé H, Suwalski A, Chifflet-Belle P, Maisano Delser P, Clua E, Jaquemet S, Magalon H, Mona S. Ecological and biogeographic features shaped the complex evolutionary history of an iconic apex predator (Galeocerdo cuvier). BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:147. [PMID: 36526977 PMCID: PMC9758794 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a large iconic marine predator inhabiting worldwide tropical and subtropical waters. So far, only mitochondrial markers and microsatellites studies have investigated its worldwide historical demography with inconclusive outcomes. Here, we assessed for the first time the genomic variability of tiger shark based on RAD-seq data for 50 individuals from five sampling sites in the Indo-Pacific (IP) and one in the Atlantic Ocean (AO) to decipher the extent of the species' global connectivity and its demographic history. RESULTS Clustering algorithms (PCA and NMF), FST and an approximate Bayesian computation framework revealed the presence of two clusters corresponding to the two oceanic basins. By modelling the two-dimensional site frequency spectrum, we tested alternative isolation/migration scenarios between these two identified populations. We found the highest support for a divergence time between the two ocean basins of ~ 193,000 years before present (B.P) and an ongoing but limited asymmetric migration ~ 176 times larger from the IP to the AO (Nm ~ 3.9) than vice versa (Nm ~ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The two oceanic regions are isolated by a strong barrier to dispersal more permeable from the IP to the AO through the Agulhas leakage. We finally emphasized contrasting recent demographic histories for the two regions, with the IP characterized by a recent bottleneck around 2000 years B.P. and the AO by an expansion starting 6000 years B.P. The large differentiation between the two oceanic regions and the absence of population structure within each ocean basin highlight the need for two large management units and call for future conservation programs at the oceanic rather than local scale, particularly in the Indo-Pacific where the population is declining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lesturgie
- grid.503191.f0000 0001 0143 5055Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), EPHE-PSL, Université PSL, MNHN, CNRS, SU, UA, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Lainé
- grid.503191.f0000 0001 0143 5055Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), EPHE-PSL, Université PSL, MNHN, CNRS, SU, UA, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Suwalski
- grid.503191.f0000 0001 0143 5055Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), EPHE-PSL, Université PSL, MNHN, CNRS, SU, UA, Paris, France ,grid.424469.90000 0001 2195 5365EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pascaline Chifflet-Belle
- grid.503191.f0000 0001 0143 5055Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), EPHE-PSL, Université PSL, MNHN, CNRS, SU, UA, Paris, France ,grid.424469.90000 0001 2195 5365EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Eric Clua
- grid.424469.90000 0001 2195 5365EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Sébastien Jaquemet
- grid.11642.300000 0001 2111 2608UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion/IRD/CNRS), Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis, France
| | - Hélène Magalon
- Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia ,grid.11642.300000 0001 2111 2608UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion/IRD/CNRS), Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis, France
| | - Stefano Mona
- grid.503191.f0000 0001 0143 5055Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), EPHE-PSL, Université PSL, MNHN, CNRS, SU, UA, Paris, France ,grid.424469.90000 0001 2195 5365EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia
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3
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Villate-Moreno M, Cubillos-M JC, Stibor H, Crawford AJ, Straube N. Molecular identification and first demographic insights of sharks based on artisanal fisheries bycatch in the Pacific Coast of Colombia: implications for conservation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13478. [PMID: 35945934 PMCID: PMC9357375 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pacific coast of Colombia is characterized by mangrove ecosystems which play a crucial role as possible nurseries for juvenile sharks. However, trophic food webs from coastal ecosystems are heavily disturbed by increased fishing pressure, which affects numerous shark species. In this region of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), fisheries' data from coastal areas are scarce and unspecific, as most sharks from artisanal fisheries are landed decapitated and finless, making their morphological identification difficult. For the establishment and implementation of effective regional conservation and management policies, information on the diversity and population dynamics of shark species is crucial. We therefore sequenced the mitochondrial NADH2 gene of 696 samples taken from fishermen's landings of shark's bycatch along the Colombian north Pacific coast. We were able to identify 14 species of sharks, two of the most abundant species were Sphyrna lewini and Carcharhinus falciformis, both evaluated on IUCN the Red List of Threatened species (Critically Endangered and Vulnerable) and CITES regulated. We found low genetic diversity in the sampled area increasing the concern for both species in the region, even more considering that the majority of individuals were juveniles. Our results showed the importance of genetic markers for first population genetic insights as a complementary tool during the decision-making process in management plans. For this specific region, strategies such as the delimitation of conservation priority areas or the regulation of fishing gears could help improve the sustainability of shark populations in the Colombian Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melany Villate-Moreno
- Fundación MarAdentro, Bahía Solano, Colombia,Aquatic Ecology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany,SNSB- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Camilo Cubillos-M
- Ecological Genomics Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Herwig Stibor
- Aquatic Ecology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Straube
- SNSB- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany,Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Matich P, Bigelow CL, Chambers B, Dodds JJ, Hebert JA, Lemieux A, Pittman CM, Trapp J, Bianco B, Cadena CP, Castillo EI, Castillo GI, Dawdy A, Dominguez AI, Dominique N, French DR, Glenn CF, Jackson ECH, Johnson B, Kohl G, Manka C, Martin JK, Pappas M, Reedholm AJ, Snead KM, Tyree MK, Fisher M. Delineation of blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) nursery habitats in the north-western Gulf of Mexico. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:236-248. [PMID: 35591772 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coevolution with predators leads to the use of low-risk habitats by many prey species, which promotes survival during early developmental phases. These nurseries are valued by conservation and management agencies because of their contributions to adult populations. However, the physical and geographic characteristics, like shallow depths and isolation from other marine habitats, that restrict access to predators and thereby reduce risk to juvenile animals can also limit scientific research. Consequently, many nursery habitats are still unidentified and understudied. Here we used gillnet monitoring from 1982 to 2018 to delineate blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) nurseries in the north-western Gulf of Mexico and elucidated their physical, environmental and biological characteristics. Nursery habitats within estuaries (<2% of spatial area) were proximate to the Gulf of Mexico and exhibited significantly lower variability in salinity than non-nurseries. However, relative abundances of predators and prey were not significant delineators of nursery habitats. As such, food and risk may not influence juvenile blacktip habitat use as expected. Alternatively, reduced osmoregulatory stress attributed to predictable environments likely provides advantageous conditions for blacktips to develop foraging and antipredator tactics, which is vital prior to the winter migration of juvenile sharks into the Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camryn L Bigelow
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Barrett Chambers
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jillian J Dodds
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica A Hebert
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexis Lemieux
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Christy M Pittman
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Julianna Trapp
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Brooke Bianco
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Carolina P Cadena
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily I Castillo
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriela I Castillo
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra Dawdy
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alina I Dominguez
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas Dominique
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Donavon R French
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Callie F Glenn
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Elena C H Jackson
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Breidon Johnson
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Gunnar Kohl
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Cameron Manka
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jared K Martin
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Pappas
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey J Reedholm
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kailey M Snead
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew K Tyree
- Marine Biology Department, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Fisher
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division, Rockport Marine Science Laboratory, Rockport, Texas, USA
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5
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Klein JD, Asbury TA, da Silva C, Hull KL, Dicken ML, Gennari E, Maduna SN, Bester-van der Merwe AE. Site fidelity and shallow genetic structure in the common smooth-hound shark Mustelus mustelus confirmed by tag-recapture and genetic data. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:134-149. [PMID: 34658037 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The common smooth-hound shark, Mustelus mustelus, is a widely distributed demersal shark under heavy exploitation from various fisheries throughout its distribution range. To assist in the development of appropriate management strategies, the authors evaluate stock structure, site fidelity and movement patterns along the species' distribution in southern Africa based on a combination of molecular and long-term tag-recapture data. Eight species-specific microsatellite markers (N = 73) and two mitochondrial genes, nicotinamide adenine dehydrogenase subunit 4 and control region (N = 45), did not reveal any significant genetic structure among neighbouring sites. Nonetheless, tagging data demonstrate a remarkable degree of site fidelity with 76% of sharks recaptured within 50 km of the original tagging location. On a larger geographic scale, dispersal is governed by oceanographic features as demonstrated by the lack of movements across the Benguela-Agulhas transition zone separating the South-East Atlantic Ocean (SEAO) and South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) populations. Microsatellite data supported very shallow ocean-based structure (SEAO and SWIO) and historical southward gene flow following the Agulhas Current, corroborating the influence of this dynamic oceanographic system on gene flow. Moreover, no movements between Namibia and South Africa were observed, indicating that the Lüderitz upwelling formation off the Namibian coast acts as another barrier to dispersal and gene flow. Overall, these results show that dispersal and stock structure of M. mustelus are governed by a combination of behavioural traits and oceanographic features such as steep temperature gradients, currents and upwelling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Klein
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tamaryn A Asbury
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Charlene da Silva
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Rogge Bay, South Africa
| | - Kelvin L Hull
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Matthew L Dicken
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa
- Department of Development Studies, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Enrico Gennari
- Oceans Research Institute, Mossel Bay, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Simo N Maduna
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- Division of Wildlife Research, Reel Science Coalition, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Bester-van der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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6
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Gonzalez C, Postaire B, Domingues RR, Feldheim KA, Caballero S, Chapman D. Phylogeography and population genetics of the cryptic bonnethead shark Sphyrna aff. tiburo in Brazil and the Caribbean inferred from mtDNA markers. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1899-1911. [PMID: 34476811 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the identity, phylogeny and distribution of cryptic species within species complexes is an essential precursor to management. The bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, is a small coastal shark distributed in the Western Atlantic from North Carolina (U.S.A.) to southern Brazil. Genetic analyses based on mitochondrial markers revealed that bonnethead sharks comprise a species complex with at least two lineages in the Northwestern Atlantic and the Caribbean (S. tiburo and Sphyrna aff. tiburo, respectively). The phylogeographic and phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers [control region (mtCR) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI)] showed that bonnethead sharks from southeastern Brazil correspond to S. aff. tiburo, extending the distribution of this cryptic species >5000 km. Bonnethead shark populations are only managed in the U.S.A. and in the 2000s were considered to be regionally extinct or collapsed in southeast Brazil. The results indicate that there is significant genetic differentiation between S. aff. tiburo from Brazil and other populations from the Caribbean (ΦST = 0.9053, P < 0.000), which means that collapsed populations in the former are unlikely to be replenished from Caribbean immigration. The species identity of bonnethead sharks in the Southwest Atlantic and their relationship to North Atlantic and Caribbean populations still remains unresolved. Taxonomic revision and further sampling are required to reevaluate the status of the bonnethead shark complex through its distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gonzalez
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Bautisse Postaire
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Rodrigo R Domingues
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Demian Chapman
- Predator Ecology and Conservation Lab, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
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7
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Wong S, Bigman JS, Yopak KE, Dulvy NK. Gill surface area provides a clue for the respiratory basis of brain size in the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:990-998. [PMID: 34019307 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain size varies dramatically, both within and across species, and this variation is often believed to be the result of trade-offs between the cognitive benefits of having a large brain for a given body size and the energetic cost of sustaining neural tissue. One potential consequence of having a large brain is that organisms must also meet the associated high energetic demands. Thus, a key question is whether metabolic rate correlates with brain size. However, using metabolic rate to measure energetic demand yields a relatively instantaneous and dynamic measure of energy turnover, which is incompatible with the longer evolutionary timescale of changes in brain size within and across species. Morphological traits associated with oxygen consumption, specifically gill surface area, have been shown to be correlates of oxygen demand and energy use, and thus may serve as integrated correlates of these processes, allowing us to assess whether evolutionary changes in brain size correlate with changes in longer-term oxygen demand and energy use. We tested how brain size relates to gill surface area in the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus. First, we examined whether the allometric slope of brain mass (i.e., the rate that brain mass changes with body mass) is lower than the allometric slope of gill surface area across ontogeny. Second, we tested whether gill surface area explains variation in brain mass, after accounting for the effects of body mass on brain mass. We found that brain mass and gill surface area both had positive allometric slopes, with larger individuals having both larger brains and larger gill surface areas compared to smaller individuals. However, the allometric slope of brain mass was lower than the allometric slope of gill surface area, consistent with our prediction that the allometric slope of gill surface area could pose an upper limit to the allometric slope of brain mass. Finally, after accounting for body mass, individuals with larger brains tended to have larger gill surface areas. Together, our results provide clues as to how fishes may evolve and maintain large brains despite their high energetic cost, suggesting that C. limbatus individuals with a large gill surface area for their body mass may be able to support a higher energetic turnover, and, in turn, a larger brain for their body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Wong
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Bigman
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kara E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Laurrabaquio-Alvarado NS, Díaz-Jaimes P, Hinojosa-Álvarez S, Blanco-Parra MDP, Adams DH, Pérez-Jiménez JC, Castillo-Géniz JL. Mitochondrial DNA genome evidence for the existence of a third divergent lineage in the western Atlantic Ocean for the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:275-282. [PMID: 33559201 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time a highly divergent lineage in the Caribbean Sea for the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) based on the analysis of 51 mitochondrial DNA genomes of individuals collected in the western North Atlantic. When comparing the mtDNA control region obtained from the mitogenomes to sequences reported previously for Brazil, the Caribbean lineage remained highly divergent. These results support the existence of a discrete population in Central America due to a phylogeographic break separating the Caribbean Sea from the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Píndaro Díaz-Jaimes
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Hinojosa-Álvarez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Maria Del Pilar Blanco-Parra
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Chetumal, Mexico
- Fundación internacional para la naturaleza y la sustentabilidad, Chetumal, Mexico
| | - Douglas H Adams
- Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, Melbourne, Florida, USA
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9
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Gojković N, Francuski L, Ludoški J, Milankov V. DNA barcode assessment and population structure of aphidophagous hoverfly Sphaerophoria scripta: Implications for conservation biological control. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9428-9443. [PMID: 32953072 PMCID: PMC7487226 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of integrated pest management, the conservation of indigenous populations of natural enemies of pest species has become a relevant practice, necessitating the accurate identification of beneficial species and the inspection of evolutionary mechanisms affecting the long-time persistence of their populations. The long hoverfly, Sphaerophoria scripta, represents one of the most potent aphidophagous control agents due to a worldwide distribution and a favorable constellation of biological traits. Therefore, we assessed five European S. scripta populations by combining molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I- COI, internal transcribed spacer 2- ITS2, and allozyme loci) and morphological (wing size and shape) characters. COI sequences retrieved in this study were conjointly analyzed with BOLD/GenBank sequences of the other Sphaerophoria species to evaluate whether COI possessed a sufficient diagnostic value as a DNA barcode marker to consistently delimit allospecific individuals. Additionally, the aforementioned characters were used to inspect the population structure of S. scripta in Europe using methods based on individual- and population-based genetic differences, as well as geometric morphometrics of wing traits. The results indicate numerous shared COI haplotypes among different Sphaerophoria species, thus disqualifying this marker from being an adequate barcoding region in this genus. Conversely, the analyses of population structuring revealed high population connectivity across Europe, therefore indicating strong tolerance of S. scripta to environmental heterogeneity. The results imply a multilocus approach as the next step in molecular identification of different Sphaerophoria species, while confirming the status of S. scripta as a powerful biocontrol agent of economically relevant aphid pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Gojković
- Faculty of SciencesDepartment of Biology and EcologyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Ljubinka Francuski
- Faculty of SciencesDepartment of Biology and EcologyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jasmina Ludoški
- Faculty of SciencesDepartment of Biology and EcologyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Vesna Milankov
- Faculty of SciencesDepartment of Biology and EcologyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
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Microsatellite primer development in elasmobranchs using next generation sequencing of enriched libraries. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2669-2675. [PMID: 32130617 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellites are useful in studies of population genetics, sibship, and parentage. Here, we screened for microsatellites from multiple elasmobranch genomic libraries using an enrichment protocol followed by sequencing on an Illumina platform. We concurrently screened five and then nine genomes and describe the number of potential loci from each respective round of sequencing. To validate the efficacy of the protocol, we developed and tested primers for the pelagic thresher shark, Alopias pelagicus. The method described here is a cost-effective protocol to increase the pool of potential useful loci and allows the concurrent screening of multiple libraries.
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11
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Rosado-Nic ODJ, Hogan JD, Lara-Arenas JH, Rosas-Luis R, Carrillo L, Villegas-Sánchez CA. Gene flow between subpopulations of gray snapper ( Lutjanus griseus) from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8485. [PMID: 32095340 PMCID: PMC7017790 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) has a tropical and subtropical distribution. In much of its range this species represents one of the most important fishery resources because of its high quality meat and market value. Due to this, this species is vulnerable to overfishing, and population declines have been observed in parts of its range. In recent decades, it has been established that knowing the level of genetic connectivity is useful for establishing appropriate management and conservation strategies given that genetic isolation can drive towards genetic loss. Presently the level of genetic connectivity between subpopulations of L. griseus of the southern region of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea remains unknown. Methods In the present study we analyze genetic structure and diversity for seven subpopulations in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean Sea. Eight microsatellite primers of phylogenetically closely related species to L. griseus were selected. Results Total heterozygosity was 0.628 and 0.647 in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean Sea, however, results obtained from AMOVA and RST indicated a lack of genetic difference between the major basins. We also found no association between genetic difference and geographic distance, and moderately high migration rates (Nm = > 4.1) suggesting ongoing gene flow among the subpopulations. Gene flow within the southern Gulf of Mexico appears to be stronger going from east-to-west. Conclusions Migration rates tended to be higher between subpopulations within the same basin compared to those across basins indicating some regionalization. High levels of genetic diversity and genetic flow suggest that the population is quite large; apparently, the fishing pressure has not caused a bottleneck effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Derek Hogan
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | | | - Rigoberto Rosas-Luis
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.,Cátedras Conacyt-Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Chetumal, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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12
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Santander-Neto J, Yokota L, Meneses TSD. Parturition time for the Blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), in Southwestern Atlantic. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The determination of the period of parturition and identification of nursery areas are fundamental for the management and conservation of a fishing resource. Through combination of monthly abundance, length measurements, and development time of embryos we inferred about parturition time of the Blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, from Southwestern Atlantic. Specimens of C. limbatus were caught from 2002 and 2008 by artisanal fleets from three different locations along the Brazilian coast using gillnets (mesh width ranging between 30 and 120 mm between opposite knots and operating from 9 to 120 m in depth), handlines (19 to 140 m depth) and longlines (6 to 90 m depth). Through a comparative analysis of fisheries landing data collected, we have verified neonatal (< 90 cm) catch peaks at specific times of the year in different locations and, matching with birth prediction of embryos, propose that C. limbatuspresents a well-defined parturition time in late spring-early summer in Southwestern Atlantic. Moreover, we indicate supposed nursery grounds for the species along the Brazilian coast. This information will be crucial for stock assessments of the species and may serve as a basis for determining fisheries management measures.
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Gürün K, Furman A, Juste J, Ramos Pereira MJ, Palmeirim JM, Puechmaille SJ, Hulva P, Presetnik P, Hamidovic D, Ibáñez C, Karataş A, Allegrini B, Georgiakakis P, Scaravelli D, Uhrin M, Nicolaou H, Abi-Said MR, Nagy ZL, Gazaryan S, Bilgin R. A continent-scale study of the social structure and phylogeography of the bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Mammalia: Chiroptera), using new microsatellite data. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMiniopterus schreibersii is a cave-dwelling bat species with a wide distribution in the western Palearctic spanning southern and central Europe, North Africa, Anatolia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus. We investigated the social structure and its effects on the genetic makeup of this species, using 10 nuclear microsatellite markers and a partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Samples were examined from the species' entire circum-Mediterranean range. Local structuring that was previously detected among populations of M. schreibersii using mitochondrial markers was not observed for microsatellite markers, indicating male-biased dispersal for the species. Some support was found for postglacial expansions in Europe, with Anatolia potentially acting as the primary refugium during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, support for this hypothesis is not as strong as that previously detected using mitochondrial DNA markers. This is likely due to the diminishing effect of male-mediated dispersal, replenishing the nuclear diversity faster than the mitochondrial diversity in regions that are relatively far from the glacial refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanat Gürün
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Andrzej Furman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Maria J Ramos Pereira
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Wildlife Research Unit, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Palmeirim
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change, Dept. Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sebastien J Puechmaille
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Zoology Institute, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Chauves-souris Aveyron (CSA), 12310, Vimenet, France
| | - Pavel Hulva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Primoz Presetnik
- Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora, Ljubljana Office, Klunova 3, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniela Hamidovic
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Ahmet Karataş
- Department of Biology, Niğde University, Niğde 51100, Turkey
| | | | - Panagiotis Georgiakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Knossos Ave., P.O. Box: 2208, GR71 409 Irakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dino Scaravelli
- Department Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Marcel Uhrin
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, SK-040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycká 1176, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Haris Nicolaou
- Parks and Environment Sector, Forestry Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, 1414 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mounir R Abi-Said
- Animal Encounter, Aley, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Al Fanar, 90656 Jdeidet, Lebanon
| | | | - Suren Gazaryan
- Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, Armand 37A360000, Nalchik, Russia
| | - Raşit Bilgin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Song N, Gao T, Zhao L. Study on population genetics of Sillago aeolus (Perciformes: Sillaginidae) in the Coast of China. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:825-834. [PMID: 31571512 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1670820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sillago aeolus is a species from Sillaginidae, which is a widely distributed species with important scientific and economic value in the coast of China. Its population genetics have not been studied. This study investigated the population genetics of S. aeolus in the eastern and southern coast of China based on the mitochondrial control region markers obtained from 248 individuals of 9 locations. The population was characterized by a high population diversity with a low nucleotide diversity. There were no branches corresponding to the sampling sites according to the haplotype network and NJ tree. Recent asymmetric gene flow exchanges and significant genetic differences were detected between the Haikou population and the other populations. AMOVA result indicated slight genetic structures with homogeneity suggested. The neutral test and the mismatch distribution revealed a recent population expansion event. Historical geographic events may be the reason for the homogeneity within the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Na Song
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
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Labastida-Estrada E, Machkour-M’Rabet S, Carrillo L, Hénaut Y, Castelblanco-Martínez DN. Genetic structure of Mexican lionfish populations in the southwest Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222997. [PMID: 31574129 PMCID: PMC6772041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent expansion of the invasive lionfish throughout the Western Hemisphere is one of the most extensively studied aquatic invasions. Molecular studies have improved our understanding of larval dispersal, connectivity, and biogeographical barriers among lionfish populations, but none have included Mexican localities, an important area for the larval dispersal of Pterois volitans through the Western Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we present a genetic analysis of lionfishes collected along Mexican coasts, examining their connectivity with other Caribbean localities (Belize, Cuba, Puerto Rico) and the role of ocean currents on population structure. We collected 213 lionfish samples from seven locations comprising four countries. To evaluate genetic structure, mitochondrial control region and nuclear inter-simple sequence repeat markers were used. We found that lionfish collected along Mexican coasts show a similar haplotype composition (H02 followed by H01 and H04) to other Caribbean locations, and the H03 rare haplotype was not found. Haplotype composition in the southwest Gulf of Mexico suggests a discontinuity between the southern and northern areas of the Gulf of Mexico. The southern area clustered more strongly to the Caribbean region, and this is supported by the complexity of water circulation in the semi-enclosed region of the Gulf of Mexico. Mitochondrial genetic diversity parameters show small values, whereas nuclear markers produce medium to high values. Only nuclear markers highlighted significant genetic differentiation between the southwest Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region, confirming a phylogeographic break between both regions. Separate analysis of Caribbean locations indicates restricted larval exchange between southern and northern regions of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, potentially in response to regional oceanographic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Labastida-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Conservación, Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Salima Machkour-M’Rabet
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Conservación, Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Yann Hénaut
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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16
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Gonzalez C, Gallagher AJ, Caballero S. Conservation genetics of the bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo in Bocas del Toro, Panama: Preliminary evidence of a unique stock. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220737. [PMID: 31415593 PMCID: PMC6695166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, is a small elasmobranch distributed in the Eastern Pacific from southern California to Ecuador, and along the Western Atlantic, with preferences for continental margins of North, Central and South America, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean. Recent studies have suggested that it could be under a process of cryptic speciation, with the possibility to find different species in similar geographic locations. Here we assessed the population structure and genetic diversity of this highly philopatric and non-dispersive species in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. Fragments of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I and control region, were used to test the genetic structure of adult and juvenile S. tiburo in this area, and were compared with other locations of the Western Atlantic and Belize. We found significant genetic differentiation between Caribbean bonnethead sharks from Bocas del Toro and Belize, when compared to bonnetheads from other locations of the Western Atlantic. These results also suggest that Bocas del Toro could constitute a different genetic population unit for this species, whereby bonnethead sharks in this area could belong to a unique stock. The information obtained in this study could improve our understanding of the population dynamics of the bonnethead shark throughout its distribution range, and may be used as a baseline for future conservation initiatives for coastal sharks in Central America, a poorly studied an often overlooked region for shark conservation and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos—LEMVA, Bogota, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Austin J. Gallagher
- Beneath the Waves Inc, Herndon, Virginia, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susana Caballero
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos—LEMVA, Bogota, Colombia
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17
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Roycroft EJ, Le Port A, Lavery SD. Population structure and male-biased dispersal in the short-tail stingray Bathytoshia brevicaudata (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae). CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Green ME, D’Anastasi BR, Hobbs JPA, Feldheim K, McAuley R, Peverell S, Stapley J, Johnson G, Appleyard SA, White WT, Simpfendorfer CA, van Herwerden L. Mixed-marker approach suggests maternal philopatry and sex-biased behaviours of narrow sawfish Anoxypristis cuspidata. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Almojil D, Cliff G, Spaet JLY. Weak population structure of the Spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah and the Blacktip shark C. limbatus along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, and South Africa. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9536-9549. [PMID: 30377521 PMCID: PMC6194305 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in demand for shark meat and fins has placed shark populations worldwide under high fishing pressure. In the Arabian region, the spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah and the Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus are among the most exploited species. In this study, we investigated the population genetic structure of C. sorrah (n = 327) along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula and of C. limbatus (n = 525) along the Arabian coasts, Pakistan, and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using microsatellite markers (15 and 11 loci, respectively). Our findings support weak population structure in both species. Carcharhinus sorrah exhibited a fine structure, subdividing the area into three groups. The first group comprises all samples from Bahrain, the second from the UAE and Yemen, and the third from Oman. Similarly, C. limbatus exhibited population subdivision into three groups. The first group, comprising samples from Bahrain and Kuwait, was highly differentiated from the second and third groups, comprising samples from Oman, Pakistan, the UAE, and Yemen; and South Africa and the Saudi Arabian Red Sea, respectively. Population divisions were supported by pairwise F ST values and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), but not by STRUCTURE. We suggest that the mostly low but significant pairwise F ST values in our study are suggestive of fine population structure, which is possibly attributable to behavioral traits such as residency in C. sorrah and site fidelity and philopatry in C. limbatus. However, for all samples obtained from the northern parts of the Gulf (Bahrain and/or Kuwait) in both species, the higher but significant pairwise F ST values could possibly be a result of founder effects during the Tethys Sea closure. Based on DAPC and F ST results, we suggest each population to be treated as independent management unit, as conservation concerns emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geremy Cliff
- KwaZulu‐Natal Shark BoardUmhlanga, South Africa and School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Julia L. Y. Spaet
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Red Sea Research CenterDivision of Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
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Pazmiño DA, Maes GE, Green ME, Simpfendorfer CA, Hoyos-Padilla EM, Duffy CJA, Meyer CG, Kerwath SE, Salinas-de-León P, van Herwerden L. Strong trans-Pacific break and local conservation units in the Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis) revealed by genome-wide cytonuclear markers. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 120:407-421. [PMID: 29321624 PMCID: PMC5889387 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of genome-wide cytonuclear molecular data to identify management and adaptive units at various spatio-temporal levels is particularly important for overharvested large predatory organisms, often characterized by smaller, localized populations. Despite being "near threatened", current understanding of habitat use and population structure of Carcharhinus galapagensis is limited to specific areas within its distribution. We evaluated population structure and connectivity across the Pacific Ocean using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (~7200 SNPs) and mitochondrial control region sequences (945 bp) for 229 individuals. Neutral SNPs defined at least two genetically discrete geographic groups: an East Tropical Pacific (Mexico, east and west Galapagos Islands), and another central-west Pacific (Lord Howe Island, Middleton Reef, Norfolk Island, Elizabeth Reef, Kermadec, Hawaii and Southern Africa). More fine-grade population structure was suggested using outlier SNPs: west Pacific, Hawaii, Mexico, and Galapagos. Consistently, mtDNA pairwise ΦST defined three regional stocks: east, central and west Pacific. Compared to neutral SNPs (FST = 0.023-0.035), mtDNA exhibited more divergence (ΦST = 0.258-0.539) and high overall genetic diversity (h = 0.794 ± 0.014; π = 0.004 ± 0.000), consistent with the longstanding eastern Pacific barrier between the east and central-west Pacific. Hawaiian and Southern African populations group within the west Pacific cluster. Effective population sizes were moderate/high for east/west populations (738 and 3421, respectively). Insights into the biology, connectivity, genetic diversity, and population demographics informs for improved conservation of this species, by delineating three to four conservation units across their Pacific distribution. Implementing such conservation management may be challenging, but is necessary to achieve long-term population resilience at basin and regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Pazmiño
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
- Comparative Genomics Centre, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito - Galápagos Science Center, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Gregory E Maes
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Comparative Genomics Centre, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center for Human Genetics, Genomics Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madeline E Green
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Clinton J A Duffy
- Auckland War Memorial Museum, The Domain, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908, Newton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carl G Meyer
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Coconut Island, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Sven E Kerwath
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag × 3, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Fisheries Branch, Private Bag × 2, Vlaeberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Department of Marine Sciences, Charles Darwin Research Station. Av Charles Darwin s/n, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Santa Cruz, Ecuador
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Lynne van Herwerden
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Comparative Genomics Centre, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Fisheries-independent surveys identify critical habitats for young scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) in the Rewa Delta, Fiji. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17273. [PMID: 29222430 PMCID: PMC5722814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharp declines in numerous shark populations around the world have generated considerable interest in better understanding and characterising their biology, ecology and critical habitats. The scalloped hammerhead shark (SHS, Sphyrna lewini) is subject to a multitude of natural and anthropogenic threats that are often exacerbated within the coastal embayments and estuaries used during SHS early life stages. In this study, we describe the temporal and spatial distribution, age class composition, and reproductive biology of SHS in the Rewa Delta (RD), Fiji. A total of 1054 SHS (including 796 tagged individuals; 101 of which were recaptured) were captured from September 2014 to March 2016 in the RD. A majority of the captures in this area were neonates and young-of-the-year (YOY) (99.8%). Significant seasonality in patterns of occurrence of both neonates and YOY individuals suggests a defined parturition period during the austral summer. Between the seven sampling sites in the RD we also found significant differences in SHS neonate catch per unit of effort, and average total length of individuals. According to the data, the RD is likely to represent an important nursery area for SHS up to one year of age.
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Bester-van der Merwe AE, Bitalo D, Cuevas JM, Ovenden J, Hernández S, da Silva C, McCord M, Roodt-Wilding R. Population genetics of Southern Hemisphere tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus): Intercontinental divergence and constrained gene flow at different geographical scales. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184481. [PMID: 28880905 PMCID: PMC5589243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus Linnaeus, 1758) is a temperate, coastal hound shark found in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans. In this study, the population structure of Galeorhinus galeus was determined across the entire Southern Hemisphere, where the species is heavily targeted by commercial fisheries, as well as locally, along the South African coastline. Analysis was conducted on a total of 185 samples using 19 microsatellite markers and a 671 bp fragment of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene. Across the Southern Hemisphere, three geographically distinct clades were recovered, including one from South America (Argentina, Chile), one from Africa (all the South African collections) and an Australia-New Zealand clade. Nuclear data revealed significant population subdivisions (FST = 0.192 to 0.376, p<0.05) indicating limited gene flow for tope sharks across ocean basins. Marked population connectivity was however evident across the Indian Ocean based on Bayesian clustering analysis. More locally in South Africa, F-statistics and multivariate analysis supported moderate to high gene flow across the Atlantic/Indian Ocean boundary (FST = 0.035 to 0.044, p<0.05), with exception of samples from Struisbaai and Port Elizabeth which differed significantly from the rest. Discriminant and Bayesian clustering analysis indicated admixture in all sampling populations, decreasing from west to east, corroborating possible restriction to gene flow across regional oceanographic barriers. Mitochondrial sequence data recovered seven haplotypes (h = 0.216, π = 0.001) for South Africa, with one major haplotype shared by 87% of the individuals and at least one private haplotype for each sampling location except Port Elizabeth. As with many other coastal shark species with cosmopolitan distribution, this study confirms the lack of both historical dispersal and inter-oceanic gene flow while also implicating contemporary factors such as oceanic currents and thermal fronts to drive local genetic structure of G. galeus on a smaller spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne Bitalo
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Juan M. Cuevas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), División Zoología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Ovenden
- Molecular Fisheries Laboratory, Queensland Government, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sebastián Hernández
- Sala de Colecciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for International Programs, Veritas University, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Charlene da Silva
- Fisheries Research, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meaghen McCord
- South African Shark Conservancy, Old Harbour Museum, Hermanus, South Africa
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Larson SE, Daly-Engel TS, Phillips NM. Review of Current Conservation Genetic Analyses of Northeast Pacific Sharks. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2017; 77:79-110. [PMID: 28882215 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conservation genetics is an applied science that utilizes molecular tools to help solve problems in species conservation and management. It is an interdisciplinary specialty in which scientists apply the study of genetics in conjunction with traditional ecological fieldwork and other techniques to explore molecular variation, population boundaries, and evolutionary relationships with the goal of enabling resource managers to better protect biodiversity and identify unique populations. Several shark species in the northeast Pacific (NEP) have been studied using conservation genetics techniques, which are discussed here. The primary methods employed to study population genetics of sharks have historically been nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial (mt) DNA. These markers have been used to assess genetic diversity, mating systems, parentage, relatedness, and genetically distinct populations to inform management decisions. Novel approaches in conservation genetics, including next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing, environmental DNA (eDNA), and epigenetics are just beginning to be applied to elasmobranch evolution, physiology, and ecology. Here, we review the methods and results of past studies, explore future directions for shark conservation genetics, and discuss the implications of molecular research and techniques for the long-term management of shark populations in the NEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole M Phillips
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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25
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Veríssimo A, Sampaio Í, McDowell JR, Alexandrino P, Mucientes G, Queiroz N, da Silva C, Jones CS, Noble LR. World without borders-genetic population structure of a highly migratory marine predator, the blue shark ( Prionace glauca). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4768-4781. [PMID: 28690806 PMCID: PMC5496551 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly migratory, cosmopolitan oceanic sharks often exhibit complex movement patterns influenced by ontogeny, reproduction, and feeding. These elusive species are particularly challenging to population genetic studies, as representative samples suitable for inferring genetic structure are difficult to obtain. Our study provides insights into the genetic population structure one of the most abundant and wide-ranging oceanic shark species, the blue shark Prionace glauca, by sampling the least mobile component of the populations, i.e., young-of-year and small juveniles (<2 year; N = 348 individuals), at three reported nursery areas, namely, western Iberia, Azores, and South Africa. Samples were collected in two different time periods (2002-2008 and 2012-2015) and were screened at 12 nuclear microsatellites and at a 899-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Our results show temporally stable genetic homogeneity among the three Atlantic nurseries at both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, suggesting basin-wide panmixia. In addition, comparison of mtDNA CR sequences from Atlantic and Indo-Pacific locations also indicated genetic homogeneity and unrestricted female-mediated gene flow between ocean basins. These results are discussed in light of the species' life history and ecology, but suggest that blue shark populations may be connected by gene flow at the global scale. The implications of the present findings to the management of this important fisheries resource are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Veríssimo
- CIBIO – U.P. – Research Center for Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesVairãoPortugal
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceCollege of William and MaryGloucester PointVAUSA
| | - Íris Sampaio
- CIBIO – U.P. – Research Center for Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesVairãoPortugal
| | - Jan R. McDowell
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceCollege of William and MaryGloucester PointVAUSA
| | - Paulo Alexandrino
- CIBIO – U.P. – Research Center for Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesVairãoPortugal
| | - Gonzalo Mucientes
- CIBIO – U.P. – Research Center for Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesVairãoPortugal
- Centro Tecnológico del MarFundación CETMARVigoSpain
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- CIBIO – U.P. – Research Center for Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesVairãoPortugal
| | - Charlene da Silva
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesBranch FisheriesRogge BaySouth Africa
| | - Catherine S. Jones
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Leslie R. Noble
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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26
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Tobias ZJC, Jorge F, Poulin R. Life at the beach: comparative phylogeography of a sandhopper and its nematode parasite reveals extreme lack of parasite mtDNA variation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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27
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Genome-wide SNPs reveal low effective population size within confined management units of the highly vagile Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis). CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Fields AT, Feldheim KA, Gelsleichter J, Pfoertner C, Chapman DD. Population structure and cryptic speciation in bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo in the south-eastern U.S.A. and Caribbean. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:2219-2233. [PMID: 27600497 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Population structure and lineage diversification within a small, non-dispersive hammerhead shark species, the bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo, was assessed. Sphyrna tiburo is currently described as one continuously distributed species along the Atlantic continental margins of North, Central and South America, but recent genetic analysis of an insular population (Trinidad) suggests the possibility of cryptic speciation. To address this issue S. tiburo were sampled at six sites along c. 6200 km of continuous, continental coastline and from one island location (Grand Bahama) across a discontinuity in their distribution (the Straits of Florida), in order to test if they constitute a single lineage over this distribution. A total of 1030 bp of the mitochondrial control region (CR) was obtained for 239 S. tiburo, revealing 73 distinct haplotypes, high nucleotide diversity (0·01089) and a pair of highly divergent lineages estimated to have separated 3·61-5·62 million years ago. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and nuclear internal transcribed spacer loci show the same pattern. Divergence is similar within S. tiburo to that observed between established elasmobranch sister species, providing further evidence of cryptic speciation. A global AMOVA based on CR confirms that genetic diversity is primarily partitioned among populations (ΦST = 0·828, P < 0·001) because the divergent lineages are almost perfectly segregated between Belize and North America-The Bahamas. An AMOVA consisting solely of the North American and Bahamian samples is also significantly different from zero (ΦST = 0·088, P < 0·001) and pairwise FST is significantly different between all sites. These findings suggest that S. tiburo comprises a species complex and supports previous research indicating fine population structure, which has implications for fisheries management and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A..
| | - K A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, U.S.A
| | - J Gelsleichter
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, U.S.A
| | - C Pfoertner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A
| | - D D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A
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Baltazar-Soares M, Eizaguirre C. Does asymmetric gene flow among matrilines maintain the evolutionary potential of the European eel? Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5305-20. [PMID: 27551384 PMCID: PMC4984505 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Using evolutionary theory to predict the dynamics of populations is one of the aims of evolutionary conservation. In endangered species, with geographic range extending over continuous areas, the predictive capacity of evolutionary-based conservation measures greatly depends on the accurate identification of reproductive units. The endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a highly migratory fish species with declining population due to a steep recruitment collapse in the beginning of the 1980s. Despite punctual observations of genetic structure, the population is viewed as a single panmictic reproductive unit. To understand the possible origin of the detected structure in this species, we used a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear loci to indirectly evaluate the possible existence of cryptic demes. For that, 403 glass eels from three successive cohorts arriving at a single location were screened for phenotypic and genetic diversity, while controlling for possible geographic variation. Over the 3 years of sampling, we consistently identified three major matrilines which we hypothesized to represent demes. Interestingly, not only we found that population genetic models support the existence of those matriline-driven demes over a completely panmictic mode of reproduction, but also we found evidence for asymmetric gene flow amongst those demes. We uphold the suggestion that the detection of demes related to those matrilines reflect a fragmented spawning ground, a conceptually plausible consequence of the low abundance that the European eel has been experiencing for three decades. Furthermore, we suggest that this cryptic organization may contribute to the maintenance of the adaptive potential of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baltazar-Soares
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Düsternbrooker Weg 20 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Christophe Eizaguirre
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Düsternbrooker Weg 20 24105 Kiel Germany; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road LondonE1 4NS UK
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30
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Espinoza M, Heupel MR, Tobin AJ, Simpfendorfer CA. Evidence of Partial Migration in a Large Coastal Predator: Opportunistic Foraging and Reproduction as Key Drivers? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147608. [PMID: 26841110 PMCID: PMC4740466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding animal movement decisions that involve migration is critical for evaluating population connectivity, and thus persistence. Recent work on sharks has shown that often only a portion of the adult population will undertake migrations, while the rest may be resident in an area for long periods. Defining the extent to which adult sharks use specific habitats and their migratory behaviour is essential for assessing their risk of exposure to threats such as fishing and habitat degradation. The present study used acoustic telemetry to examine residency patterns and migratory behaviour of adult bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) along the East coast of Australia. Fifty-six VR2W acoustic receivers were used to monitor the movements of 33 bull sharks in the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Both males and females were detected year-round, but their abundance and residency peaked between September and December across years (2012–2014). High individual variability in reef use patterns was apparent, with some individuals leaving the array for long periods, whereas others (36%) exhibited medium (0.20–0.40) or high residency (> 0.50). A large portion of the population (51%) undertook migrations of up to 1,400 km to other coral reefs and/or inshore coastal habitats in Queensland and New South Wales. Most of these individuals (76%) were mature females, and the timing of migrations coincided with the austral summer (Dec-Feb). All migrating individuals (except one) returned to the central GBR, highlighting its importance as a potential foraging ground. Our findings suggest that adult bull sharks appear to be highly dependent on coral reef resources and provide evidence of partial migration, where only a portion of the female population undertook seasonal migrations potentially to give birth. Given that estuarine habitats face constant anthropogenic pressures, understanding partial migration and habitat connectivity of large coastal predators should be a priority for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Espinoza
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle R. Heupel
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Tobin
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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31
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Gledhill KS, Kessel ST, Guttridge TL, Hansell AC, Bester-van der Merwe AE, Feldheim KA, Gruber SH, Chapman DD. Genetic structure, population demography and seasonal occurrence of blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus in Bimini, the Bahamas. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:1371-1388. [PMID: 26709212 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A longline survey was conducted from 2004 to 2014 to investigate the demographic population structure and seasonal abundance of the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus in the Bimini Islands, the Bahamas. All individuals sampled (n = 242) were sub-adult or adults [70·1-145·1 cm pre-caudal length (LPC) range] with no neonates or YOY recorded in Bimini. Carcharhinus limbatus abundance peaked in September, coincident with the largest ratio of female to male sharks and a peak in fresh mating wounds on females. Mitochondrial control region (mtCR) DNA sequences were obtained from C. limbatus at Bimini to test whether Bimini C. limbatus are most closely related to geographically proximate populations sampled on the south-eastern coast of the U.S.A., the closest known nursery areas for this species. Nine mtCR haplotypes were observed in 32 individuals sampled at Bimini [haplotype diversity (h) = 0·821, nucleotide diversity (π) = 0·0015]. Four haplotypes observed from Bimini matched those previously found in the northern Yucatan (Mexico)-Belize and two matched a haplotype previously found in the U.S.A. Four haplotypes were novel but were closely related to the northern Yucatan-Belizean haplotypes. Pair-wise ΦST analysis showed that Bimini was significantly differentiated from all of the populations previously sampled (U.S.A. Atlantic, U.S.A. Gulf of Mexico, northern Yucatan, Belize and Brazil). This indicates that C. limbatus sampled from Bimini are unlikely from the described, proximate U.S.A. nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Gledhill
- South African Shark Conservancy, Old Harbour Museum, Hermanus 7200, South Africa
| | - S T Kessel
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - T L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - A C Hansell
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, Fairhaven, MA 02719, U.S.A
| | - A E Bester-van der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - K A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A
| | - S H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, U.S.A
| | - D D Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, U.S.A
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32
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Fontanella FM. Mitochondrial DNA panmixia in the little brown seastar Echinaster spinulosus suggests a recent population expansion. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4503-4509. [PMID: 26593235 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In North America, the Atlantic-Gulf discontinuity depicts genetic breaks between populations distributed along the Florida peninsula. This study examines 83 specimens of E. spinulosus obtained from seven locations along the Florida coast to examine phylogeographic patterns, population structure and examine historical demographic patterns. Analyses of 511 bp from the cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) mitochondrial gene inferred no significant genetic structure for E. spinulosus along either side of the Florida coast nor was there a genetic discontinuity associated with a "Gulf-Atlantic" split. Population-based statistical analyses revealed no significant degree of genetic differentiation (Fst, p < 0.05) among populations, thus indicating substantial gene flow. Similarly, summary statistics (Fu's Fs, mismatch distributions) were significant indicating that there has been a population increase in the recent past. Recent range expansion, possibly due to a leading edge effect, combined with some level of contemporary larval mixing seems to be the main source of panmixia in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Fontanella
- a Department of Biology , University of West Georgia , Carrollton , GA , USA
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33
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Bester-van der Merwe AE, Gledhill KS. Molecular species identification and population genetics of chondrichthyans in South Africa: current challenges, priorities and progress. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2015.1063408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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34
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Quintanilla S, Gómez A, Mariño-Ramírez C, Sorzano C, Bessudo S, Soler G, Bernal JE, Caballero S. Conservation Genetics of the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark in the Pacific Coast of Colombia. J Hered 2015; 106 Suppl 1:448-58. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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35
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Presti FT, Guedes NMR, Antas PTZ, Miyaki CY. Population Genetic Structure in Hyacinth Macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and Identification of the Probable Origin of Confiscated Individuals. J Hered 2015; 106 Suppl 1:491-502. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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36
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Chabot CL. Microsatellite loci confirm a lack of population connectivity among globally distributed populations of the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus (Triakidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:371-385. [PMID: 26179946 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study used 11 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci to determine the population connectivity of five geographically isolated populations of tope shark Galeorhinus galeus (Africa, Australia, North America, South America and western Europe). Genetic analyses revealed significant structure among all populations indicating a lack of population connectivity. These findings indicate that globally distributed populations of G. galeus are isolated and should be managed as distinct, independent stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chabot
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA, 91330, U.S.A
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37
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Gardiner JM, Whitney NM, Hueter RE. Smells Like Home: The Role of Olfactory Cues in the Homing Behavior of Blacktip Sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:495-506. [PMID: 26173711 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal navigation in the marine environment is believed to be guided by different sensory cues over different spatial scales. Geomagnetic cues are thought to guide long-range navigation, while visual or olfactory cues allow animals to pinpoint precise locations, but the complete behavioral sequence is not yet understood. Terra Ceia Bay is a primary nursery area for blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, on southwestern Florida's Gulf of Mexico coast. Young-of-the-year animals show strong fidelity to a specific home range in the northeastern end of the bay and rapidly return when displaced. Older juveniles demonstrate annual philopatry for the first few years, migrating as far south as the Florida Keys each fall, then returning to Terra Ceia Bay each spring. To examine the sensory cues used in homing, we captured neonate (<3 weeks old) blacktip sharks from within their home range, fitted them with acoustic tags, and translocated them to sites 8 km away in adjacent Tampa Bay and released them. Intact animals returned to their home range, within 34 h on average, and remained there. With olfaction blocked, fewer animals returned to their home range and they took longer to do so, 130 h on average. However, they did not remain there but instead moved throughout Terra Ceia Bay and in and out of Tampa Bay. Since sharks from both treatments returned at night in tannic and turbid water, vision is likely not playing a major role in navigation by these animals. The animals in this study also returned on incoming or slack tides, suggesting that sharks, like many other fish, may use selective tidal stream transport to conserve energy and aid navigation during migration. Collectively, these results suggest that while other cues, possibly geomagnetic and/or tidal information, might guide sharks over long distances, olfactory cues are required for recognizing their specific home range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne M Gardiner
- *Sensory Biology and Behavior Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; New College of Florida, Division of Natural Sciences, 5800 Bayshore Rd, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA;
| | - Nicholas M Whitney
- Behavioral Ecology and Physiology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Robert E Hueter
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
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Glynn F, Houghton JDR, Provan J. Population genetic analyses reveal distinct geographical blooms of the jellyfishRhizostoma octopus(Scyphozoa). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fergal Glynn
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road BT9 7BL Belfast UK
- Institute for Global Food Security; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - Jonathan D. R. Houghton
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road BT9 7BL Belfast UK
- Institute for Global Food Security; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
- Queen's Marine Laboratory; 12-13 The Strand BT22 1PF Portaferry UK
| | - Jim Provan
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road BT9 7BL Belfast UK
- Institute for Global Food Security; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
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Population Genetic Structure of the Bonnethead Shark,Sphyrna tiburo, from the Western North Atlantic Ocean Based on mtDNA Sequences. J Hered 2015; 106:355-65. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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40
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Larson S, Farrer D, Lowry D, Ebert DA. Preliminary Observations of Population Genetics and Relatedness of the Broadnose Sevengill Shark, Notorynchus cepedianus, in Two Northeast Pacific Estuaries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129278. [PMID: 26052706 PMCID: PMC4460128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus, a common coastal species in the eastern North Pacific, was sampled during routine capture and tagging operations conducted from 2005-2012. One hundred and thirty three biopsy samples were taken during these research operations in Willapa Bay, Washington and in San Francisco Bay, California. Genotypic data from seven polymorphic microsatellites (derived from the related sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus) were used to describe N. cepedianus genetic diversity, population structure and relatedness. Diversity within N. cepedianus was found to be low to moderate with an average observed heterozygosity of 0.41, expected heterozygosity of 0.53, and an average of 5.1 alleles per microsatellite locus. There was no evidence of a recent population bottleneck based on genetic data. Analyses of genetic differences between the two sampled estuaries suggest two distinct populations with some genetic mixing of sharks sampled during 2005-2006. Relatedness within sampled populations was high, with percent relatedness among sharks caught in the same area indicating 42.30% first-order relative relationships (full or half siblings). Estuary-specific familial relationships suggest that management of N. cepedianus on the U.S. West Coast should incorporate stock-specific management goals to conserve this ecologically important predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Larson
- Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Debbie Farrer
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dayv Lowry
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington, United States of America
| | - David A. Ebert
- Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
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Spaet JLY, Jabado RW, Henderson AC, Moore ABM, Berumen ML. Population genetics of four heavily exploited shark species around the Arabian Peninsula. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2317-32. [PMID: 26120422 PMCID: PMC4475365 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The northwestern Indian Ocean harbors a number of larger marine vertebrate taxa that warrant the investigation of genetic population structure given remarkable spatial heterogeneity in biological characteristics such as distribution, behavior, and morphology. Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of four commercially exploited shark species with different biological characteristics (Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus sorrah, Rhizoprionodon acutus, and Sphyrna lewini) between the Red Sea and all other water bodies surrounding the Arabian Peninsula. To assess intraspecific patterns of connectivity, we constructed statistical parsimony networks among haplotypes and estimated (1) population structure; and (2) time of most recent population expansion, based on mitochondrial control region DNA and a total of 20 microsatellites. Our analysis indicates that, even in smaller, less vagile shark species, there are no contemporary barriers to gene flow across the study region, while historical events, for example, Pleistocene glacial cycles, may have affected connectivity in C. sorrah and R. acutus. A parsimony network analysis provided evidence that Arabian S. lewini may represent a population segment that is distinct from other known stocks in the Indian Ocean, raising a new layer of conservation concern. Our results call for urgent regional cooperation to ensure the sustainable exploitation of sharks in the Arabian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Y Spaet
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima W Jabado
- Gulf Elasmo ProjectP.O. Box 29588, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aaron C Henderson
- Department of Marine Science & Fisheries, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Alec B M Moore
- RSK Environment Ltd, Spring LodgeHelsby, Cheshire, WA6 0AR, UK
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Jue NK, Brulé T, Coleman FC, Koenig CC. From shelf to shelf: assessing historical and contemporary genetic differentiation and connectivity across the Gulf of Mexico in Gag, Mycteroperca microlepis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120676. [PMID: 25856095 PMCID: PMC4391813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Describing patterns of connectivity among populations of species with widespread distributions is particularly important in understanding the ecology and evolution of marine species. In this study, we examined patterns of population differentiation, migration, and historical population dynamics using microsatellite and mitochondrial loci to test whether populations of the epinephelid fish, Gag, Mycteroperca microlepis, an important fishery species, are genetically connected across the Gulf of Mexico and if so, whether that connectivity is attributable to either contemporary or historical processes. Populations of Gag on the Campeche Bank and the West Florida Shelf show significant, but low magnitude, differentiation. Time since divergence/expansion estimates associated with historical population dynamics indicate that any population or spatial expansions indicated by population genetics would have likely occurred in the late Pleistocene. Using coalescent-based approaches, we find that the best model for explaining observed spatial patterns of contemporary genetic variation is one of asymmetric gene flow, with movement from Campeche Bank to the West Florida Shelf. Both estimated migration rates and ecological data support the hypothesis that Gag populations throughout the Gulf of Mexico are connected via present day larval dispersal. Demonstrating this greatly expanded scale of connectivity for Gag highlights the influence of “ghost” populations (sensu Beerli) on genetic patterns and presents a critical consideration for both fisheries management and conservation of this and other species with similar genetic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel K. Jue
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32303, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thierry Brulé
- CINVESTAV-Mérida, Km. 6 Carretera Antigua a Progresso, A.P. 73, Cordemex, C.P. 97310, Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - Felicia C. Coleman
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL, 32358, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Koenig
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL, 32358, United States of America
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Sellas AB, Bassos-Hull K, Pérez-Jiménez JC, Angulo-Valdés JA, Bernal MA, Hueter RE. Population Structure and Seasonal Migration of the Spotted Eagle Ray, Aetobatus narinari. J Hered 2015; 106:266-75. [PMID: 25825312 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Sellas
- From the California Academy of Sciences, Center for Comparative Genomics, San Francisco, CA 94118 (Sellas and Bernal); the Mote Marine Laboratory, The Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL 34236 (Bassos-Hull and Hueter); the Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, ECOSUR, Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Cp. 24500, Lerma, Campeche, México (Pérez-Jiménez); the Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Miramar, Playa. La Habana, Cuba (Angulo-Valdés); and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373 (Bernal).
| | - Kimbrough Bassos-Hull
- From the California Academy of Sciences, Center for Comparative Genomics, San Francisco, CA 94118 (Sellas and Bernal); the Mote Marine Laboratory, The Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL 34236 (Bassos-Hull and Hueter); the Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, ECOSUR, Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Cp. 24500, Lerma, Campeche, México (Pérez-Jiménez); the Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Miramar, Playa. La Habana, Cuba (Angulo-Valdés); and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373 (Bernal)
| | - Juan Carlos Pérez-Jiménez
- From the California Academy of Sciences, Center for Comparative Genomics, San Francisco, CA 94118 (Sellas and Bernal); the Mote Marine Laboratory, The Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL 34236 (Bassos-Hull and Hueter); the Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, ECOSUR, Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Cp. 24500, Lerma, Campeche, México (Pérez-Jiménez); the Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Miramar, Playa. La Habana, Cuba (Angulo-Valdés); and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373 (Bernal)
| | - Jorge Alberto Angulo-Valdés
- From the California Academy of Sciences, Center for Comparative Genomics, San Francisco, CA 94118 (Sellas and Bernal); the Mote Marine Laboratory, The Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL 34236 (Bassos-Hull and Hueter); the Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, ECOSUR, Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Cp. 24500, Lerma, Campeche, México (Pérez-Jiménez); the Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Miramar, Playa. La Habana, Cuba (Angulo-Valdés); and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373 (Bernal)
| | - Moisés A Bernal
- From the California Academy of Sciences, Center for Comparative Genomics, San Francisco, CA 94118 (Sellas and Bernal); the Mote Marine Laboratory, The Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL 34236 (Bassos-Hull and Hueter); the Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, ECOSUR, Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Cp. 24500, Lerma, Campeche, México (Pérez-Jiménez); the Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Miramar, Playa. La Habana, Cuba (Angulo-Valdés); and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373 (Bernal)
| | - Robert E Hueter
- From the California Academy of Sciences, Center for Comparative Genomics, San Francisco, CA 94118 (Sellas and Bernal); the Mote Marine Laboratory, The Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL 34236 (Bassos-Hull and Hueter); the Laboratorio de Pesquerías Artesanales, Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, ECOSUR, Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Cp. 24500, Lerma, Campeche, México (Pérez-Jiménez); the Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Miramar, Playa. La Habana, Cuba (Angulo-Valdés); and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373 (Bernal)
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Piñeros VJ, Rios-Cardenas O, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez C, Mendoza-Cuenca L. Morphological Differentiation in the Damselfish Abudefduf saxatilis Along the Mexican Atlantic Coast is Associated with Environmental Factors and High Connectivity. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chapman DD, Feldheim KA, Papastamatiou YP, Hueter RE. There and back again: a review of residency and return migrations in sharks, with implications for population structure and management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2015; 7:547-70. [PMID: 25251267 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The overexploitation of sharks has become a global environmental issue in need of a comprehensive and multifaceted management response. Tracking studies are beginning to elucidate how shark movements shape the internal dynamics and structure of populations, which determine the most appropriate scale of these management efforts. Tracked sharks frequently either remain in a restricted geographic area for an extended period of time (residency) or return to a previously resided-in area after making long-distance movements (site fidelity). Genetic studies have shown that some individuals of certain species preferentially return to their exact birthplaces (natal philopatry) or birth regions (regional philopatry) for either parturition or mating, even though they make long-distance movements that would allow them to breed elsewhere. More than 80 peer-reviewed articles, constituting the majority of published shark tracking and population genetic studies, provide evidence of at least one of these behaviors in a combined 31 shark species from six of the eight extant orders. Residency, site fidelity, and philopatry can alone or in combination structure many coastal shark populations on finer geographic scales than expected based on their potential for dispersal. This information should therefore be used to scale and inform assessment, management, and conservation activities intended to restore depleted shark populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian D Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science and School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000;
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Newby J, Darden T, Shedlock AM. Population Genetic Structure of Spotted Eagle Rays,Aetobatus narinari,off Sarasota, Florida and the Southeastern United States. COPEIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-13-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Portnoy DS, Hollenbeck CM, Belcher CN, Driggers WB, Frazier BS, Gelsleichter J, Grubbs RD, Gold JR. Contemporary population structure and post-glacial genetic demography in a migratory marine species, the blacknose shark, Carcharhinus acronotus. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5480-95. [PMID: 25294029 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of population structure and historical genetic demography of blacknose sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean were assessed using variation in nuclear-encoded microsatellites and sequences of mitochondrial (mt)DNA. Significant heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers to gene flow, based on microsatellites and/or mtDNA, revealed the occurrence of five genetic populations localized to five geographic regions: the southeastern U.S Atlantic coast, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the western Gulf of Mexico, Bay of Campeche in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas. Pairwise estimates of genetic divergence between sharks in the Bahamas and those in all other localities were more than an order of magnitude higher than between pairwise comparisons involving the other localities. Demographic modelling indicated that sharks in all five regions diverged after the last glacial maximum and, except for the Bahamas, experienced post-glacial, population expansion. The patterns of genetic variation also suggest that the southern Gulf of Mexico may have served as a glacial refuge and source for the expansion. Results of the study demonstrate that barriers to gene flow and historical genetic demography contributed to contemporary patterns of population structure in a coastal migratory species living in an otherwise continuous marine habitat. The results also indicate that for many marine species, failure to properly characterize barriers in terms of levels of contemporary gene flow could in part be due to inferences based solely on equilibrium assumptions. This could lead to erroneous conclusions regarding levels of connectivity in species of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Portnoy
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
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Genetic structure in the Amazonian catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii: influence of life history strategies. Genetica 2014; 142:323-36. [PMID: 25038864 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-014-9777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Dorado or Plateado (Gilded catfish) Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes) is a commercially valuable migratory catfish performing the largest migration in freshwaters: from the Amazonian headwaters in the Andean foothills (breeding area) to the Amazon estuary (nursery area). In spite of its importance to inform management and conservation efforts, the genetic variability of this species has only recently begun to be studied. The aim of the present work was to determine the population genetic structure of B. rousseauxii in two regions: the Upper Madera Basin (five locations in the Bolivian Amazon) and the Western Amazon Basin (one regional sample from the Uyucalí-Napo-Marañon-Amazon basin, Peru). Length polymorphism at nine microsatellite loci (284 individuals) was used to determine genetic variability and to identify the most probable panmictic units (using a Bayesian approach), after a significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in the overall dataset (Western Amazon + Upper Madera). Bayesian analyses revealed at least three clusters in admixture in the five locations sampled in the Bolivian Amazon, whereas only two of these clusters were observed in the Western Amazon. Considering the migratory behaviour of B. rousseauxii, different life history strategies, including homing, are proposed to explain the cluster distribution. Our results are discussed in the light of the numerous threats to the species survival in the Madera basin, in particular dam and reservoir construction.
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Geraghty PT, Williamson JE, Macbeth WG, Blower DC, Morgan JAT, Johnson G, Ovenden JR, Gillings MR. Genetic structure and diversity of two highly vulnerable carcharhinids in Australian waters. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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50
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Chambers GK, Curtis C, Millar CD, Huynen L, Lambert DM. DNA fingerprinting in zoology: past, present, future. INVESTIGATIVE GENETICS 2014; 5:3. [PMID: 24490906 PMCID: PMC3909909 DOI: 10.1186/2041-2223-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 1962, Thomas Kuhn famously argued that the progress of scientific knowledge results from periodic 'paradigm shifts' during a period of crisis in which new ideas dramatically change the status quo. Although this is generally true, Alec Jeffreys' identification of hypervariable repeat motifs in the human beta-globin gene, and the subsequent development of a technology known now as 'DNA fingerprinting', also resulted in a dramatic shift in the life sciences, particularly in ecology, evolutionary biology, and forensics. The variation Jeffreys recognized has been used to identify individuals from tissue samples of not just humans, but also of many animal species. In addition, the technology has been used to determine the sex of individuals, as well as paternity/maternity and close kinship. We review a broad range of such studies involving a wide diversity of animal species. For individual researchers, Jeffreys' invention resulted in many ecologists and evolutionary biologists being given the opportunity to develop skills in molecular biology to augment their whole organism focus. Few developments in science, even among the subsequent genome discoveries of the 21st century, have the same wide-reaching significance. Even the later development of PCR-based genotyping of individuals using microsatellite repeats sequences, and their use in determining multiple paternity, is conceptually rooted in Alec Jeffreys' pioneering work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David M Lambert
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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