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Li S, Li S, Agathokleous E, Hao G, Wang S, Feng Z. Leaf water relations determine the trade-off between ozone resistance and stomatal functionality in urban tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38693830 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Urban trees possess different capacities to mitigate ozone (O3) pollution through stomatal uptake. Stomatal closure protects trees from oxidative damage but limits their growth. To date, it is unclear how plant hydraulic function affect stomatal behaviour and determine O3 resistance. We assessed gas exchange and hydraulic traits in three subtropical urban tree species, Celtis sinensis, Quercus acutissima, and Q. nuttallii, under nonfiltered ambient air (NF) and elevated O3 (NF60). NF60 decreased photosynthetic rate (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) only in Q. acutissima and Q. nuttallii. Maintained An in C. sinensis suggested high O3 resistance and was attributed to higher leaf capacitance at the full turgor. However, this species exhibited a reduced stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit and an increased minimal gs under NF60. Such stomatal dysfunction did not decrease intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) due to a tight coupling of An and gs. Conversely, Q. acutissima and Q. nuttallii showed maintained stomatal sensitivity and increased WUE, primarily correlated with gs and leaf water relations, including relative water content and osmotic potential at turgor loss point. Our findings highlight a trade-off between O3 resistance and stomatal functionality, with efficient stomatal control reducing the risk of hydraulic failure under combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyou Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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2
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Hosseini M, Saidi A, Maali-Amiri R, Khosravi-Nejad F, Abbasi A. Low-temperature acclimation related with developmental regulations of polyamines and ethylene metabolism in wheat recombinant inbred lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108198. [PMID: 38008007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Winter survival is determined by complicated developmental regulations enabling wheat to adjust their transcriptome and metabolome to develop low temperature (LT) tolerance. The aim of the study was to clarify the metabolic responses developmentally regulated in six F6 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Pishtaz (spring parent) and Mironovskaya 808 (winter parent). Spring genotypes, including pishtaz, RILs 4006 and 4014 showed lower LT tolerance, PAs (except the spermin), GABA and proline contents and DPPH• scavenging capacity. In these genotypes, genes and enzymes involved in the pathways of PAs and GABA degradation and ethylene biosynthesis were more active than other genotypes. RILs 4012 and 4016 with short vernalization displayed higher tolerance and lower H2O2 content compared to Pishtaz. Strong vernalization requirements in winter and facultative genotypes (Mironovskaya 808 parent and RILs 4003 and 4005) results in up-regulation of the metabolites and genes involved in PAs and GABA biosynthesis pathways (particularly when vernalization fulfillment occurred) to establish high tolerance as compared to genotypes without vernalization requirement. LT tolerance in all genotypes significantly decreased after vernalization fulfillment in February. Results indicated that LT tolerance was partly validated from developmental regulation of PAs, GABA, and ethylene metabolism during venalization and LT acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Maali-Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
| | | | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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3
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Liang K, Chen X, Liu F. Crosstalk between ABA and ethylene in regulating stomatal behavior in tomato under high CO2 and progressive soil drying. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5931-5946. [PMID: 37540146 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by intensifying drought markedly impact plant growth and physiology. This study aimed to explore the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in mediating the response of stomata to elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) and drought. Tomato plants with different endogenous ABA concentrations [Ailsa Craig (AC), the ABA-deficient mutant flacca, and ABA-overproducing transgenic tomato SP5] were grown in ambient (a[CO2], 400 μmol mol-1) and elevated (e[CO2],800 μmol mol-1) CO2 environments and subjected to progressive soil drying. Compared with a[CO2] plants, e[CO2] plants had significantly lower stomatal conductance in AC and SP5 but not in flacca. Under drought, e[CO2] plants had better water status and higher water use efficiency. e[CO2] promoted the accumulation of ABA in leaves of plants subjected to drought, which coincided with the up-regulation of ABA biosynthetic genes and down-regulation of ABA metabolic genes. Although the increase of ABA induced by drought in flacca was much less than in AC and SP5, flacca accumulated large amounts of ethylene, suggesting that in plants with ABA deficiency, ethylene might play a compensatory role in inducing stomatal closure during soil drying. Collectively, these findings improve our understanding of plant performance in a future drier and higher-CO2 environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehao Liang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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4
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Antonietta M, de Felipe M, Rothwell SA, Williams TB, Skilleter P, Albacete A, Borras L, Rufino MC, Dodd IC. Prolonged low temperature exposure de-sensitises ABA-induced stomatal closure in soybean, involving an ethylene-dependent process. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2128-2141. [PMID: 37066607 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chilling can decrease stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) in some legumes, although hormonal mechanisms involved are unclear. After evaluating leaf gas exchange of 16 European soybean genotypes at 14°C, 6 genotypes representing the range of response were selected. Further experiments combined low (L, 14°C) and high (H, 24°C) temperature exposure from sowing until the unifoliate leaf was visible and L or H temperature until full leaf expansion, to impose four temperature treatments: LL, LH, HL, and HH. Prolonged chilling (LL) substantially decreased leaf water content but increased leaf ethylene evolution and foliar concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, ABA and jasmonic acid. Across genotypes, photosynthesis linearly increased with stomatal conductance (Gs), with photosynthesis of HH plants threefold higher than LL plants at the same Gs. In all treatments except LL, Gs declined with foliar ABA accumulation. Foliar ABA sprays substantially decreased Gs of HH plants, but did not significantly affect LL plants. Thus low temperature compromised stomatal sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous ABA. Applying the ethylene antagonist 1 methyl-cyclopropene partially reverted excessive stomatal opening of LL plants. Thus, chilling-induced ethylene accumulation may mediate stomatal insensitivity to ABA, offering chemical opportunities for improving seedling survival in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matias de Felipe
- IICAR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Shane A Rothwell
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tom B Williams
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucas Borras
- IICAR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Rufino
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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5
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Bi MH, Jiang C, Brodribb T, Yang YJ, Yao GQ, Jiang H, Fang XW. Ethylene constrains stomatal reopening in Fraxinus chinensis post moderate drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:883-892. [PMID: 36547259 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the mechanisms underlying the recovery of gas exchange following drought is the key to providing insights into plant drought adaptation and habitat distribution. However, the mechanisms are still largely unknown. Targeting processes known to inhibit gas exchange during drought recovery, we measured leaf water potential, the leaf hydraulic conductance, stomatal reopening, abscisic acid (ABA) and the ethylene emission rate (EER) following moderate drought stress in seedlings of the globally pervasive woody tree Fraxinus chinensis. We found strong evidence that the slow stomatal reopening after rehydration is regulated by a slow decrease in EER, rather than changes in leaf hydraulics or foliar ABA levels. This was supported by evidence of rapid gas exchange recovery in plants after treatment with the ethylene antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene. These findings provide evidence to rigorously support ethylene as a key factor constraining stomatal reopening from moderate drought directly, thereby potentially opening new windows for understanding species drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Timothy Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Azoulay-Shemer T, Schulze S, Nissan-Roda D, Bosmans K, Shapira O, Weckwerth P, Zamora O, Yarmolinsky D, Trainin T, Kollist H, Huffaker A, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. A role for ethylene signaling and biosynthesis in regulating and accelerating CO 2 - and abscisic acid-mediated stomatal movements in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2460-2475. [PMID: 36994603 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about long-distance mesophyll-driven signals that regulate stomatal conductance. Soluble and/or vapor-phase molecules have been proposed. In this study, the involvement of the gaseous signal ethylene in the modulation of stomatal conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana by CO2 /abscisic acid (ABA) was examined. We present a diffusion model which indicates that gaseous signaling molecule/s with a shorter/direct diffusion pathway to guard cells are more probable for rapid mesophyll-dependent stomatal conductance changes. We, therefore, analyzed different Arabidopsis ethylene-signaling and biosynthesis mutants for their ethylene production and kinetics of stomatal responses to ABA/[CO2 ]-shifts. According to our research, higher [CO2 ] causes Arabidopsis rosettes to produce more ethylene. An ACC-synthase octuple mutant with reduced ethylene biosynthesis exhibits dysfunctional CO2 -induced stomatal movements. Ethylene-insensitive receptor (gain-of-function), etr1-1 and etr2-1, and signaling, ein2-5 and ein2-1, mutants showed intact stomatal responses to [CO2 ]-shifts, whereas loss-of-function ethylene receptor mutants, including etr2-3;ein4-4;ers2-3, etr1-6;etr2-3 and etr1-6, showed markedly accelerated stomatal responses to [CO2 ]-shifts. Further investigation revealed a significantly impaired stomatal closure to ABA in the ACC-synthase octuple mutant and accelerated stomatal responses in the etr1-6;etr2-3, and etr1-6, but not in the etr2-3;ein4-4;ers2-3 mutants. These findings suggest essential functions of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling components in tuning/accelerating stomatal conductance responses to CO2 and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Sebastian Schulze
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Dikla Nissan-Roda
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Krystal Bosmans
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Or Shapira
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Philipp Weckwerth
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Olena Zamora
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Taly Trainin
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
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Liu P, Wu X, Gong B, Lü G, Li J, Gao H. Review of the Mechanisms by Which Transcription Factors and Exogenous Substances Regulate ROS Metabolism under Abiotic Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2106. [PMID: 36358478 PMCID: PMC9686556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that regulate many biological processes in plants. However, excess ROS induced by biotic and abiotic stresses can destroy biological macromolecules and cause oxidative damage to plants. As the global environment continues to deteriorate, plants inevitably experience abiotic stress. Therefore, in-depth exploration of ROS metabolism and an improved understanding of its regulatory mechanisms are of great importance for regulating cultivated plant growth and developing cultivars that are resilient to abiotic stresses. This review presents current research on the generation and scavenging of ROS in plants and summarizes recent progress in elucidating transcription factor-mediated regulation of ROS metabolism. Most importantly, the effects of applying exogenous substances on ROS metabolism and the potential regulatory mechanisms at play under abiotic stress are summarized. Given the important role of ROS in plants and other organisms, our findings provide insights for optimizing cultivation patterns and for improving plant stress tolerance and growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guiyun Lü
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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Omari RA, Yuan K, Anh KT, Reckling M, Halwani M, Egamberdieva D, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Bellingrath-Kimura SD. Enhanced Soybean Productivity by Inoculation With Indigenous Bradyrhizobium Strains in Agroecological Conditions of Northeast Germany. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:707080. [PMID: 35095938 PMCID: PMC8790476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.707080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Commercial inoculants are often used to inoculate field-grown soybean in Europe. However, nodulation efficiencies in these areas are often low. To enhance biological nitrogen (N) fixation and increase domestic legume production, indigenous strains that are adapted to local conditions could be used to develop more effective inoculants. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of locally isolated Bradyrhizobium strains to enhance soybean productivity in different growing conditions of Northeast Germany. Three indigenous Bradyrhizobium isolates (GMF14, GMM36, and GEM96) were tested in combination with different soybean cultivars of different maturity groups and quality characteristics in one field trial and two greenhouse studies. The results showed a highly significant strain × cultivar interactions on nodulation response. Independent of the Bradyrhizobium strain, inoculated plants in the greenhouse showed higher nodulation, which corresponded with an increased N uptake than that in field conditions. There were significantly higher nodule numbers and nodule dry weights following GMF14 and GMM36 inoculation in well-watered soil, but only minor differences under drought conditions. Inoculation of the soybean cultivar Merlin with the strain GEM96 enhanced nodulation but did not correspond to an increased grain yield under field conditions. USDA110 was consistent in improving the grain yield of soybean cultivars Sultana and Siroca. On the other hand, GMM36 inoculation to Sultana and GEM96 inoculation to Siroca resulted in similar yields. Our results demonstrate that inoculation of locally adapted soybean cultivars with the indigenous isolates improves nodulation and yield attributes. Thus, to attain optimal symbiotic performance, the strains need to be matched with specific cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ansong Omari
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kun Yuan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (GIR), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khoa Trinh Anh
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moritz Reckling
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Mosab Halwani
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko D. Bellingrath-Kimura
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Yang W, Cao J, Wu Y, Kong F, Li L. Review on plant terpenoid emissions worldwide and in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147454. [PMID: 34000546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), particularly terpenoids, can significantly drive the formation of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere, as well as directly or indirectly affect global climate change. Understanding their emission mechanisms and the current progress in emission measurements and estimations are essential for the accurate determination of emission characteristics, as well as for evaluating their roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate change. This review summarizes the mechanisms of terpenoid synthesis and release, biotic and abiotic factors affecting their emissions, development of emission observation techniques, and emission estimations from hundreds of published papers. We provide a review of the main observations and estimations in China, which contributes a significant proportion to the total global BVOC emissions. The review suggests the need for further research on the comprehensive effects of environmental factors on terpenoid emissions, especially soil moisture and nitrogen content, which should be quantified in emission models to improve the accuracy of estimation. In China, it is necessary to conduct more accurate measurements for local plants in different regions using the dynamic enclosure technique to establish an accurate local emission rate database for dominant tree species. This will help improve the accuracy of both national and global emission inventories. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of terpenoid emissions as well as prospects for detailed research to accurately describe terpenoid emission characteristics worldwide and in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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10
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Kask K, Kaurilind E, Talts E, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Combined Acute Ozone and Water Stress Alters the Quantitative Relationships between O 3 Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Volatile Emissions in Brassica nigra. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113114. [PMID: 34070994 PMCID: PMC8197083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) entry into plant leaves depends on atmospheric O3 concentration, exposure time and openness of stomata. O3 negatively impacts photosynthesis rate (A) and might induce the release of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can quench O3, and thereby partly ameliorate O3 stress. Water stress reduces stomatal conductance (gs) and O3 uptake and can affect VOC release and O3 quenching by VOC, but the interactive effects of O3 exposure and water stress, as possibly mediated by VOC, are poorly understood. Well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) Brassica nigra plants were exposed to 250 and 550 ppb O3 for 1 h, and O3 uptake rates, photosynthetic characteristics and VOC emissions were measured through 22 h recovery. The highest O3 uptake was observed in WW plants exposed to 550 ppb O3 with the greatest reduction and poorest recovery of gs and A, and elicitation of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles 10 min-1.5 h after exposure indicating cellular damage. Ozone uptake was similar in 250 ppb WW and 550 ppb WS plants and, in both treatments, O3-dependent reduction in photosynthetic characteristics was moderate and fully reversible, and VOC emissions were little affected. Water stress alone did not affect the total amount and composition of VOC emissions. The results indicate that drought ameliorated O3 stress by reducing O3 uptake through stomatal closure and the two stresses operated in an antagonistic manner in B. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kask
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Eero Talts
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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11
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A Breach in Plant Defences: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Targets Ethylene Signalling to Overcome Actinidia chinensis Pathogen Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094375. [PMID: 33922148 PMCID: PMC8122719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene interacts with other plant hormones to modulate many aspects of plant metabolism, including defence and stomata regulation. Therefore, its manipulation may allow plant pathogens to overcome the host’s immune responses. This work investigates the role of ethylene as a virulence factor for Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the aetiological agent of the bacterial canker of kiwifruit. The pandemic, highly virulent biovar of this pathogen produces ethylene, whereas the biovars isolated in Japan and Korea do not. Ethylene production is modulated in planta by light/dark cycle. Exogenous ethylene application stimulates bacterial virulence, and restricts or increases host colonisation if performed before or after inoculation, respectively. The deletion of a gene, unrelated to known bacterial biosynthetic pathways and putatively encoding for an oxidoreductase, abolishes ethylene production and reduces the pathogen growth rate in planta. Ethylene production by Psa may be a recently and independently evolved virulence trait in the arms race against the host. Plant- and pathogen-derived ethylene may concur in the activation/suppression of immune responses, in the chemotaxis toward a suitable entry point, or in the endophytic colonisation.
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12
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Yao GQ, Li FP, Nie ZF, Bi MH, Jiang H, Liu XD, Wei Y, Fang XW. Ethylene, not ABA, is closely linked to the recovery of gas exchange after drought in four Caragana species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:399-411. [PMID: 33131059 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a cyclical phenomenon in natural environments. During dehydration, stomatal closure is mainly regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dynamics that limit transpiration in seed plants, but following rehydration, the mechanism of gas exchange recovery is still not clear. In this study, leaf water potential (ψleaf ), stomatal conductance (gs ), leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), foliar ABA level, ethylene emission rate in response to dehydration and rehydration were investigated in four Caragana species with isohydric (Caragana spinosa and C. pruinosa) and anisohydric (C. intermedia and C. microphylla) traits. Two isohydric species with ABA-induced stomatal closure exhibited more sensitive gs and Kleaf to decreasing ψleaf than two anisohydric species which exhibited a switch from ABA to water potential-driven stomatal closure during dehydration. Following rehydration, the recovery of gas exchange was not associated with a decrease in ABA level but was strongly limited by the degradation of the ethylene emission rate in all species. Furthermore, two anisohydric species with low drought-induced ethylene production exhibited more rapid recovery in gas exchange upon rehydration. Our results indicated that ethylene is a key factor regulating the drought-recovery ability in terms of gas exchange, which may shape species adaptation to drought and potential species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Effects of tropospheric ozone and elevated nitrogen input on the temperate grassland forbs Leontodon hispidus and Succisa pratensis. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Emberson L. Effects of ozone on agriculture, forests and grasslands. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190327. [PMID: 32981434 PMCID: PMC7536038 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The damage and injury that ground level ozone (O3) causes vegetation has become increasingly evident over the past half century with a large body of observational and experimental evidence demonstrating a variety of effects at ambient concentrations on crop, forest and grassland species and ecosystems. This paper explores the use of experimental data to develop exposure-response relationships for use in risk assessment studies. These studies have typically identified the USA mid-West, much of Europe, the Indo Gangetic Plain in South Asia and the Eastern coastal region of China as global regions where O3 is likely to threaten food supply and other ecosystems. Global risk assessment modelling estimates yield losses of staple crops between 3 to 16% causing economic losses of between US$14 to 26 billion in the year 2000. Changes in anthropogenic emissions of O3 precursors in recent decades have modified O3 concentration profiles (peaks versus background O3) and global distributions with the Northern Hemisphere seeing increases in O3 levels of between 1 and 5 ppb/decade since the 1950s and the emergence of Asia as the region with the highest O3 concentrations. In the future, O3 mitigation could focus on methane (CH4) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions; these will differentially influence global and local/regional O3 concentrations and influence daily and seasonal profiles. The consequent effects on vegetation will in part depend on how these changes in O3 profile alter the exceedance of detoxification thresholds for plant damage. Adaptation options may play an important role in enhancing food supply while mitigation strategies are being implemented. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which O3 affects plants, and how this might influence detoxification thresholds and interactions with other environmental variables such as water stress and nutrients, would help develop O3 deposition and impact models to support the development of crop, land-surface exchange and ultimately earth system models for holistic assessments of global change. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Emberson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, Environment Building, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NG, UK
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15
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Fanourakis D, Aliniaeifard S, Sellin A, Giday H, Körner O, Rezaei Nejad A, Delis C, Bouranis D, Koubouris G, Kambourakis E, Nikoloudakis N, Tsaniklidis G. Stomatal behavior following mid- or long-term exposure to high relative air humidity: A review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 153:92-105. [PMID: 32485617 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High relative air humidity (RH ≥ 85%) is frequent in controlled environments, and not uncommon in nature. In this review, we examine the high RH effects on plants with a special focus on stomatal characters. All aspects of stomatal physiology are attenuated by elevated RH during leaf expansion (long-term) in C3 species. These include impaired opening and closing response, as well as weak diel oscillations. Consequently, the high RH-grown plants are not only vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stress, but also undergo a deregulation between CO2 uptake and water loss. Stomatal behavior of a single leaf is determined by the local microclimate during expansion, and may be different than the remaining leaves of the same plant. No effect of high RH is apparent in C4 and CAM species, while the same is expected for species with hydropassive stomatal closure. Formation of bigger stomata with larger pores is a universal response to high RH during leaf expansion, whereas the effect on stomatal density appears to be species- and leaf side-specific. Compelling evidence suggests that ABA mediates the high RH-induced stomatal malfunction, as well as the stomatal size increase. Although high RH stimulates leaf ethylene evolution, it remains elusive whether or not this contributes to stomatal malfunction. Most species lose stomatal function following mid-term (4-7 d) exposure to high RH following leaf expansion. Consequently, the regulatory role of ambient humidity on stomatal functionality is not limited to the period of leaf expansion, but holds throughout the leaf life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fanourakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71500, Heraklion, Greece; Giannakakis SA, Export Fruits and Vegetables, Tympaki, Greece.
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arne Sellin
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Habtamu Giday
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, ICBA, P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oliver Körner
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, GR-24100, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitris Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Koubouris
- Laboratory of Olive Cultivation, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kambourakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71500, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Tsaniklidis
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter' (NAGREF), P.O. Box 2228, 71003, Heraklio, Greece
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16
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Donati I, Cellini A, Sangiorgio D, Vanneste JL, Scortichini M, Balestra GM, Spinelli F. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Ecology, Infection Dynamics and Disease Epidemiology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:81-102. [PMID: 31897570 PMCID: PMC7223186 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since 2008, the kiwifruit industry has been devastated by a pandemic outbreak of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of bacterial canker. This disease has become the most significant limiting factor in kiwifruit production. Psa colonizes different organs of the host plant, causing a specific symptomatology on each of them. In addition, the systemic invasion of the plant may quickly lead to plant death. Despite the massive risk that this disease poses to the kiwifruit industry, studies focusing on Psa ecology have been sporadic, and a comprehensive description of the disease epidemiology is still missing. Optimal environmental conditions for infection, dispersal and survival in the environment, or the mechanisms of penetration and colonization of host tissues have not been fully elucidated yet. The present work aims to provide a synthesis of the current knowledge, and a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of kiwifruit bacterial canker based on new experimental data. The pathogen may survive in the environment or overwinter in dormant tissues and be dispersed by wind or rain. Psa was observed in association with several plant structures (stomata, trichomes, lenticels) and wounds, which could represent entry points for apoplast infection. Environmental conditions also affect the bacterial colonization, with lower optimum values of temperature and humidity for epiphytic than for endophytic growth, and disease incidence requiring a combination of mild temperature and leaf wetness. By providing information on Psa ecology, these data sets may contribute to plan efficient control strategies for kiwifruit bacterial canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joel L Vanneste
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Bisley Road, Ruakura, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Council for research in agriculture and economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Via di Fioranello, 52, I-00134, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Balestra
- Department for Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc -, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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17
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Crosstalk between Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Signal Molecules Regulates Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134593. [PMID: 32605208 PMCID: PMC7370202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), once recognized only as a poisonous gas, is now considered the third endogenous gaseous transmitter, along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Multiple lines of emerging evidence suggest that H2S plays positive roles in plant growth and development when at appropriate concentrations, including seed germination, root development, photosynthesis, stomatal movement, and organ abscission under both normal and stress conditions. H2S influences these processes by altering gene expression and enzyme activities, as well as regulating the contents of some secondary metabolites. In its regulatory roles, H2S always interacts with either plant hormones, other gasotransmitters, or ionic signals, such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxin, CO, NO, and Ca2+. Remarkably, H2S also contributes to the post-translational modification of proteins to affect protein activities, structures, and sub-cellular localization. Here, we review the functions of H2S at different stages of plant development, focusing on the S-sulfhydration of proteins mediated by H2S and the crosstalk between H2S and other signaling molecules.
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18
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Dolker T, Mukherjee A, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Responses of a semi-natural grassland community of tropical region to elevated ozone: An assessment of soil dynamics and biomass accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137141. [PMID: 32086084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite knowing the phytotoxic effects of tropospheric ozone (O3), which is of global concern, there is no study so far reported about its impacts on grassland community of tropical regions. Therefore, we assessed the responses of a semi-natural grassland community of Indo-Gangetic plains to elevated O3 exposure (Ambient + 20 ppb) compared to ambient after three years of exposure using open-top chambers. Percent decreases were found in above (26%; p ≤ 0.002) and belowground (30%; p ≤ 0.003) biomass under elevated compared to ambient O3 exposure. Percent decrements in total organic carbon (TOC; 24%; p ≤ 0.001), total nitrogen (29%; p ≤ 0.001) and available phosphorus (11%; p ≤ 0.002) in the soil were also observed under elevated O3 exposure. Exposure at elevated O3 reduced soil microbial biomass and activities of β-glucosidase, amylase, urease and phosphatase, while polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase showed enhancement in their activities, showing negative effects on belowground soil health. Percent reduction in root shoot ratio (10%; p ≤ 0.05) depicts that less C-allocation towards root system led to a reduction in TOC in the soil, which could affect C-sequestration under elevated O3 condition in the semi-natural grasslands. Elevated O3 also affected enzymes participating in N and P-cycles, causing reductions in total nitrogen and phosphorus. The study concludes that projected O3 concentrations have serious implications for aboveground biomass as well as belowground soil health in tropical areas, identified as hotspots of O3 in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsetan Dolker
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arideep Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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19
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Wang HQ, Sun LP, Wang LX, Fang XW, Li ZQ, Zhang FF, Hu X, Qi C, He JM. Ethylene mediates salicylic-acid-induced stomatal closure by controlling reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110464. [PMID: 32234220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene induce stomatal closure and positively regulate stomatal immunity, but their interactions in guard cell signaling are unclear. Here, we observed that SA induced the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes; the production of ethylene, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO); and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, SA-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by an ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor and mutations in ethylene biosynthetic genes, ethylene-signaling genes [RESPONSE TO ANTAGONIST 1 (RAN1), ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1 (ETR1), ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), EIN3 and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2)], NADPH oxidase genes [ATRBOHD and ATRBOHF], and nitrate reductase genes (NIA1 and NIA2). Furthermore, SA-triggered ROS production in guard cells was impaired in ran1, etr1, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, but not in ein2, ein3 or arr2. SA-triggered NO production was impaired in all ethylene-signaling mutants tested and in nia1 and nia2. The stomata of mutants for CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) showed constitutive ROS and NO production and closure. These results indicate that ethylene mediates SA-induced stomatal closure by activating ATRBOHD/F-mediated ROS synthesis in an RAN1-, ETR1- and CTR1-dependent manner. This in turn induces NIA1/2-mediated NO production and subsequent stomatal closure via the ETR1, EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2-dependent pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Cheng Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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20
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Shah AA, Ahmed S, Yasin NA. 2-Hydroxymelatonin induced nutritional orchestration in Cucumis sativus under cadmium toxicity: modulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants and gene expression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:497-507. [PMID: 31703532 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1683715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
2-Hydroxymelatonin (2-OHMT) is an important metabolite produced through melatonin interaction with oxygenated compounds. 2-OHMT pretreated seeds (50 µM, 100 µM, and 150 µM) were grown in soil contaminated with 50 mg kg-1 cadmium. Cadmium imposed stress reduced seed germination, growth, biomass production, and chlorophyll (Chl) content in Cucumis sativus seedlings. 2-OHMT application emphatically revamped germination, shoot length, root length, and plant biomass production. The 2-OHMT pretreatment modulated expression levels of plasma membrane H+-ATPase genes of C. sativus including CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8, and CsHA9. This biomolecule amplified the accumulation of antioxidants such as glutathione, proline, phenolics, and flavonoids. The reduced Cd-uptake in 2-OHMT treated C. sativus seedlings encouraged uptake of essential plant nutrients. Furthermore, conjugated increase of indole acetic acid contents and ethylene production rate were observed in 2-OHMT treated seedlings in a dose-dependent manner. The improved nutritional content in 2-OHMT applied seedlings was ascribed to enhanced expression of H+-ATPase regulating genes besides increased amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants in Cd-stressed plants. The present novel study elucidates the potential of 2-OHMT in improving nutritional content in cucumber plants by modulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Shah AA, Ahmed S, Yasin NA. 24-epibrassinolide triggers cadmium stress mitigation in Cucumis sativus through intonation of antioxidant system. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 127:349-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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22
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Munemasa S, Hirao Y, Tanami K, Mimata Y, Nakamura Y, Murata Y. Ethylene Inhibits Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Stomatal Closure by Modulating Guard Cell Slow-Type Anion Channel Activity via the OPEN STOMATA 1/SnRK2.6 Kinase-Independent Pathway in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2263-2271. [PMID: 31241163 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Signal crosstalk between jasmonate and ethylene is crucial for a proper maintenance of defense responses and development. Although previous studies reported that both jasmonate and ethylene also function as modulators of stomatal movements, the signal crosstalk mechanism in stomatal guard cells remains unclear. Here, we show that the ethylene signaling inhibits jasmonate signaling as well as abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana and reveal the signaling crosstalk mechanism. Both an ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and an ethylene-releasing compound ethephon induced transient stomatal closure, and also inhibited methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure as well as ABA-induced stomatal closure. The ethylene inhibition of MeJA-induced stomatal closure was abolished in the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1-1, whereas MeJA-induced stomatal closure was impaired in the ethylene-overproducing mutant eto1-1. Pretreatment with ACC inhibited MeJA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as ABA-induced ROS production in guard cells but did not suppress ABA activation of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) kinase in guard cell-enriched epidermal peels. The whole-cell patch-clamp analysis revealed that ACC attenuated MeJA and ABA activation of S-type anion channels in guard cell protoplasts. However, MeJA and ABA inhibitions of Kin channels were not affected by ACC pretreatment. These results suggest that ethylene signaling inhibits MeJA signaling and ABA signaling by targeting S-type anion channels and ROS but not OST1 kinase and K+ channels in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukari Hirao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kasumi Tanami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mimata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
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23
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Dusart N, Vaultier MN, Olry JC, Buré C, Gérard J, Jolivet Y, Le Thiec D. Altered stomatal dynamics of two Euramerican poplar genotypes submitted to successive ozone exposure and water deficit. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1687-1697. [PMID: 31284211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ozone (O3) pollution events on the plant drought response needs special attention because spring O3 episodes are often followed by summer drought. By causing stomatal sluggishness, O3 could affect the stomatal dynamic during a subsequent drought event. In this context, we studied the impact of O3 exposure and water deficit (in the presence or in the absence of O3 episode) on the stomatal closure/opening mechanisms relative to irradiance or vapour pressure deficit (VPD) variation. Two genotypes of Populus nigra x deltoides were exposed to various treatments for 21 days. Saplings were exposed to 80 ppb/day O3 for 13 days, and then to moderate drought for 7 days. The curves of the stomatal response to irradiance and VPD changes were determined after 13 days of O3 exposure, and after 21 days in the case of subsequent water deficit, and then fitted using a sigmoidal model. The main responses under O3 exposure were stomatal closure and sluggishness, but the two genotypes showed contrasting responses. During stomatal closure induced by a change in irradiance, closure was slower for both genotypes. Nonetheless, the genotypes differed in stomatal opening under light. Carpaccio stomata opened more slowly than control stomata, whereas Robusta stomata tended to open faster. These effects could be of particular interest, as stomatal impairment was still present after O3 exposure and could result from imperfect recovery. Under water deficit alone, we observed slower stomatal closure in response to VPD and irradiance, but faster stomatal opening in response to irradiance, more marked in Carpaccio. Under the combined treatment, most of the parameters showed antagonistic responses. Our results highlight that it is important to take genotype-specific responses and interactive stress cross-talk into account to improve the prediction of stomatal conductance in response to various environmental modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dusart
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Olry
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Buré
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Joëlle Gérard
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Yves Jolivet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Didier Le Thiec
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Harmens H, Hayes F, Sharps K, Radbourne A, Mills G. Can Reduced Irrigation Mitigate Ozone Impacts on an Ozone-Sensitive African Wheat Variety? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E220. [PMID: 31336902 PMCID: PMC6681504 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution is known to adversely affect the production of O3-sensitive crops such as wheat. The magnitude of impact is dependent on the accumulated stomatal flux of O3 into the leaves. In well-irrigated plants, the leaf pores (stomata) tend to be wide open, which stimulates the stomatal flux and therefore the adverse impact of O3 on yield. To test whether reduced irrigation might mitigate O3 impacts on flag leaf photosynthesis and yield parameters, we exposed an O3-sensitive Kenyan wheat variety to peak concentrations of 30 and 80 ppb O3 for four weeks in solardomes and applied three irrigation regimes (well-watered, frequent deficit, and infrequent deficit irrigation) during the flowering and grain filling stage. Reduced irrigation stimulated 1000-grain weight and harvest index by 33% and 13%, respectively (when O3 treatments were pooled), which compensated for the O3-induced reductions observed in well-watered plants. Whilst full irrigation accelerated the O3-induced reduction in photosynthesis by a week, such an effect was not observed for the chlorophyll content index of the flag leaf. Further studies under field conditions are required to test whether reduced irrigation can be applied as a management tool to mitigate adverse impacts of O3 on wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Katrina Sharps
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Alan Radbourne
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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25
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Jakubowicz M, Nowak W, Gałgański Ł, Babula-Skowrońska D. Expression profiling of CTR1-like and EIN2-like genes in buds and leaves of Populus tremula, and in vitro study of the interaction between their polypeptides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:660-671. [PMID: 31048123 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the serine/threonine protein kinase Constitutive Triple Response 1 (CTR1) and Ethylene Insensitive 2 polypeptide (EIN2) functions are key negative and positive components, respectively, in the ethylene signalling route. Here, we report on an in silico study of members of the CTR1-like and EIN2-like polypeptide families from poplars. The expression of CTR1-like and EIN2-like genes such as Ptre-CTR1, Ptre-CTR3 and Ptre-EIN2a was studied in Populus tremula buds and leaves in response to dehydration, various light conditions and under senescence. In buds under dehydration, the maximal fold-change of the Ptre-CTR1, Ptre-CTR3 and Ptre-EIN2a expression level recorded almost identical values. This suggests that maintenance of a constant ratio between the transcript levels of genes encoding positive and negative ethylene signalling components is required under stress. The expression of the studied genes was 1.4-to 3-fold higher in response to darkness, but 4.5- to 51.2-fold and 21.6- to 51.2-fold higher under the early and moderate leaf senescence, respectively. It is worth noting that the senescence-related Ptre-EIN2a and Ptre-CTR3a expression profiles were very similar. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated the ability of the catalytic domain of Ptre-CTR1 to phosphorylate the Ptre-EIN2a-like polypeptide, which is similar to that in Arabidopsis. The target substrate, the Ptre-CEND2a polypeptide (C-terminal part of Ptre-EIN2a), was only phosphorylated by the protein kinase Ptre-CTR1 and not by Ptre-CTR3. Moreover, the addition of Ptre-CTR3 polypeptides (-CTR3a or -CTR3b forms) to the reaction mixture had an inhibitory effect on Ptre-CTR1 auto- and trans-phosphorylation. In contrast to Ptre-CTR1, Ptre-CTR3 may act as a positive regulator in ethylene signalling in poplar; however, this hypothesis requires in vivo confirmation. Thus, the ethylene signalling route in poplar seems to be under the control of certain additional mechanisms which have not been reported in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jakubowicz
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Babula-Skowrońska
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
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26
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Osborne S, Pandey D, Mills G, Hayes F, Harmens H, Gillies D, Büker P, Emberson L. New Insights into Leaf Physiological Responses to Ozone for Use in Crop Modelling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E84. [PMID: 30939811 PMCID: PMC6524376 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Estimating food production under future air pollution and climate conditions in scenario analysis depends on accurately modelling ozone (O₃) effects on yield. This study tests several assumptions that form part of published approaches for modelling O₃ effects on photosynthesis and leaf duration against experimental data. In 2015 and 2016, two wheat cultivars were exposed in eight hemispherical glasshouses to O₃ ranging from 22 to 57 ppb (24 h mean), with profiles ranging from raised background to high peak treatments. The stomatal O₃ flux (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose, POD) to leaves was simulated using a multiplicative stomatal conductance model. Leaf senescence occurred earlier as average POD increased according to a linear relationship, and the two cultivars showed very different senescence responses. Negative effects of O₃ on photosynthesis were only observed alongside O₃-induced leaf senescence, suggesting that O₃ does not impair photosynthesis in un-senesced flag leaves at the realistic O₃ concentrations applied here. Accelerated senescence is therefore likely to be the dominant O₃ effect influencing yield in most agricultural environments. POD was better than 24 h mean concentration and AOT40 (accumulated O₃ exceeding 40 ppb, daylight hours) at predicting physiological response to O₃, and flux also accounted for the difference in exposure resulting from peak and high background treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Osborne
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - Divya Pandey
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - David Gillies
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - Patrick Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK.
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Li Q, Gabay M, Rubin Y, Raveh-Rubin S, Rohatyn S, Tatarinov F, Rotenberg E, Ramati E, Dicken U, Preisler Y, Fredj E, Yakir D, Tas E. Investigation of ozone deposition to vegetation under warm and dry conditions near the Eastern Mediterranean coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:1316-1333. [PMID: 30677993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dry deposition of ozone (O3) to vegetation is an important removal pathway for tropospheric O3, while O3 uptake through plant stomata negatively affects vegetation and leads to climate change. Both processes are controlled by vegetation characteristics and ambient conditions via complex mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that these processes can be fundamentally impacted by coastal effects, and by dry and warm conditions in ways that have not been fully characterized, largely due to lack of measurements under such conditions. Hence, we hypothesized that measuring dry deposition of O3 to vegetation along a sharp spatial climate gradient, and at different distances from the coast, can offer new insights into the characterization of these effects on O3 deposition to vegetation and stomatal uptake, providing important information for afforestation management and for climate and air-quality model improvement. To address these hypotheses, several measurement campaigns were performed at different sites, including pine, oak, and mixed Mediterranean forests, at distances of 20-59 km from the Eastern Mediterranean coast, under semiarid, Mediterranean and humid Mediterranean climate conditions. The eddy covariance technique was used to quantify vertical O3 flux (Ftot) and its partitioning to stomatal flux (Fst) and non-stomatal flux (Fns). Whereas Fst tended to peak around noon under humid Mediterranean and Mediterranean conditions in summer, it was strongly limited by drought under semiarid conditions from spring to early winter, with minimum average Fst/Ftot of 8-11% during the summer. Fns in the area was predominantly controlled by relative humidity (RH), whereas increasing Fns with RH for RH < 70% indicated enhancement of Fns by aerosols, via surface wetness stimulation. At night, efficient turbulence due to sea and land breezes, together with increased RH, resulted in strong enhancement of Ftot. Extreme dry surface events, some induced by dry intrusion from the upper troposphere, resulted in positive Fns events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maor Gabay
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Rubin
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shira Raveh-Rubin
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shani Rohatyn
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fyodor Tatarinov
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Ramati
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Dicken
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erick Fredj
- Department of Computer Science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Yakir
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Tas
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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28
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Liu N, Li D, Hu L. Melatonin Improved Waterlogging Tolerance in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) by Reprogramming Polyamine and Ethylene Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:44. [PMID: 30774639 PMCID: PMC6367245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), polyamines (PAs), and ethylene have been suggested to play key roles in plant growth and development in response to environmental abiotic stresses. However, the effect of melatonin on polyamine and ethylene metabolism under waterlogging stress has rarely been elucidated. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin pretreatment on waterlogging stress in alfalfa. The experiment was arranged into four treatment groups control with water pretreatment (CK-MT), control with melatonin pretreatment (CK+MT), waterlogging pretreated with water (WL-MT) and waterlogging pretreated with melatonin (WL+MT), with three replications. Six-week-old alfalfa seedlings were pretreated with 100 μM melatonin and exposed to waterlogging stress for 10 days. Plant growth rate, different physiological characteristics, and gene expression level were measured. Results showed that waterlogging induced melatonin accumulation, and melatonin pretreatment increased endogenous MT levels for the control and water-logged plants. Waterlogging stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), while also causing increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Pretreatment with melatonin alleviated the waterlogging-induced damage and reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and Pn. Waterlogging stress significantly increased leaf polyamines (Put, Spd, Spm) and ethylene levels, and the increased PAs and ethylene levels are coupled with higher metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. While pretreatment with melatonin further increased Put, Spd and Spm levels, it also decreased ethylene levels under waterlogging, and those increased PAs levels or decreased ethylene levels are regulated by the metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. The results in this study provide more comprehensive insight into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin-improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa. Furthermore, they suggested that melatonin improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa at least partially by reprogramming ethylene and PA biosynthesis, attributable to the increased PAs and decreased ethylene levels, which leads to more enhanced membrane stability and photosynthesis as well as less leaf senescence caused by ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Longxing Hu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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29
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Liu N, Li D, Hu L. Melatonin Improved Waterlogging Tolerance in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) by Reprogramming Polyamine and Ethylene Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30774639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), polyamines (PAs), and ethylene have been suggested to play key roles in plant growth and development in response to environmental abiotic stresses. However, the effect of melatonin on polyamine and ethylene metabolism under waterlogging stress has rarely been elucidated. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin pretreatment on waterlogging stress in alfalfa. The experiment was arranged into four treatment groups control with water pretreatment (CK-MT), control with melatonin pretreatment (CK+MT), waterlogging pretreated with water (WL-MT) and waterlogging pretreated with melatonin (WL+MT), with three replications. Six-week-old alfalfa seedlings were pretreated with 100 μM melatonin and exposed to waterlogging stress for 10 days. Plant growth rate, different physiological characteristics, and gene expression level were measured. Results showed that waterlogging induced melatonin accumulation, and melatonin pretreatment increased endogenous MT levels for the control and water-logged plants. Waterlogging stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), while also causing increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Pretreatment with melatonin alleviated the waterlogging-induced damage and reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and Pn. Waterlogging stress significantly increased leaf polyamines (Put, Spd, Spm) and ethylene levels, and the increased PAs and ethylene levels are coupled with higher metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. While pretreatment with melatonin further increased Put, Spd and Spm levels, it also decreased ethylene levels under waterlogging, and those increased PAs levels or decreased ethylene levels are regulated by the metabolic enzymes and gene expressions. The results in this study provide more comprehensive insight into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin-improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa. Furthermore, they suggested that melatonin improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa at least partially by reprogramming ethylene and PA biosynthesis, attributable to the increased PAs and decreased ethylene levels, which leads to more enhanced membrane stability and photosynthesis as well as less leaf senescence caused by ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ningfang Liu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Danzhu Li
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Longxing Hu
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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30
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Li Q, Gabay M, Rubin Y, Fredj E, Tas E. Measurement-based investigation of ozone deposition to vegetation under the effects of coastal and photochemical air pollution in the Eastern Mediterranean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1579-1597. [PMID: 30248876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dry deposition of ozone (O3) to vegetation is an important pathway for its removal from the troposphere, and it can lead to adverse effects in plants and changes in climate. However, our mechanistic understanding of O3 dry deposition is insufficient to adequately account for it in global and regional models, primarily because this process is highly complicated by feedback mechanisms and sensitivity to specific characteristics of vegetative environment and atmospheric dynamics and composition. We hypothesized that measuring dry deposition of O3 to vegetation near the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) coast, where large variations in meteorological conditions and photochemical air pollution frequently occur, would enable identifying the mechanisms controlling O3 deposition to vegetation. Moreover, we have only limited knowledge of O3 deposition to vegetation occurring near a coastline, under air pollution, or in the EM. This study investigated O3 deposition to mixed Mediterranean vegetation between the summers of 2015 and 2017, 3.6 km away from the EM coast, using the eddy covariance technique to quantify vertical flux of O3 and its partitioning to stomatal and non-stomatal flux, concurrent with nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Surprisingly, nighttime O3-deposition velocity (Vd) was smaller than daytime Vd by only ~20-37% on average for all measurement periods, primarily related to moderate nighttime atmospheric stability due to proximity to the seashore. We provide evidence for the role of sea-salt aerosols in enhancing O3 deposition via surface-wetness buildup at low relative humidity near the coast, and for daytime enhancement of O3 deposition by the combined effects of biogenic volatile organic compound emission and surface-wetness buildup. We further show that NOx emitted from elevated emission sources can reduce O3 deposition, and even lead to a positive O3 flux, demonstrating the importance of adequately taking into account the impact of air pollution on O3 deposition to vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maor Gabay
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Rubin
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erick Fredj
- Department of Computer Science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Eran Tas
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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31
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Mills G, Sharps K, Simpson D, Pleijel H, Frei M, Burkey K, Emberson L, Uddling J, Broberg M, Feng Z, Kobayashi K, Agrawal M. Closing the global ozone yield gap: Quantification and cobenefits for multistress tolerance. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4869-4893. [PMID: 30084165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing both crop productivity and the tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stresses is a major challenge for global food security in our rapidly changing climate. For the first time, we show how the spatial variation and severity of tropospheric ozone effects on yield compare with effects of other stresses on a global scale, and discuss mitigating actions against the negative effects of ozone. We show that the sensitivity to ozone declines in the order soybean > wheat > maize > rice, with genotypic variation in response being most pronounced for soybean and rice. Based on stomatal uptake, we estimate that ozone (mean of 2010-2012) reduces global yield annually by 12.4%, 7.1%, 4.4% and 6.1% for soybean, wheat, rice and maize, respectively (the "ozone yield gaps"), adding up to 227 Tg of lost yield. Our modelling shows that the highest ozone-induced production losses for soybean are in North and South America whilst for wheat they are in India and China, for rice in parts of India, Bangladesh, China and Indonesia, and for maize in China and the United States. Crucially, we also show that the same areas are often also at risk of high losses from pests and diseases, heat stress and to a lesser extent aridity and nutrient stress. In a solution-focussed analysis of these results, we provide a crop ideotype with tolerance of multiple stresses (including ozone) and describe how ozone effects could be included in crop breeding programmes. We also discuss altered crop management approaches that could be applied to reduce ozone impacts in the shorter term. Given the severity of ozone effects on staple food crops in areas of the world that are also challenged by other stresses, we recommend increased attention to the benefits that could be gained from addressing the ozone yield gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - David Simpson
- EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Space, Earth & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Emberson
- Environment Department, Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, York, UK
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Broberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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32
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Guo H, Sun Y, Yan H, Li C, Ge F. O 3-Induced Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants Is Ethylene Signaling-Dependent and Enhances the Population Abundance of Bemisia tabaci. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:764. [PMID: 29946327 PMCID: PMC6005859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevated ozone (O3) can alter the phenotypes of host plants particularly in induction of leaf senescence, but few reports examine the involvement of phytohormone in O3-induced changes in host phenotypes that influence the foraging quality for insects. Here, we used an ethylene (ET) receptor mutant Nr and its wild-type to determine the function of the ET signaling pathway in O3-induced leaf senescence, and bottom-up effects on the performance of Bemisia tabaci in field open-top chambers (OTCs). Our results showed that elevated O3 reduced photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content and induced leaf senescence of plant regardless of plant genotype. Leaf senescence in Nr plants was alleviated relative to wild-type under elevated O3. Further analyses of foliar quality showed that elevated O3 had little effect on phytohormone-mediated defenses, but significantly increased the concentration of amino acids in two plant genotypes. Furthermore, Nr plants had lower amino acid content relative to wild-type under elevated O3. These results provided an explanation of O3-induced increase in abundance of B. tabaci. We concluded that O3-induced senescence of plant was ET signal-dependent, and positive effects of O3-induced leaf senescence on the performance of B. tabaci largely resulted from changes of nutritional quality of host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang WW, Wang M, Wang AY, Yin XH, Feng ZZ, Hao GY. Elevated ozone concentration decreases whole-plant hydraulic conductance and disturbs water use regulation in soybean plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:183-195. [PMID: 29193125 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated tropospheric ozone (O3 ) concentration has been shown to affect many aspects of plant performance including detrimental effects on leaf photosynthesis and plant growth. However, it is not known whether such changes are accompanied by concomitant responses in plant hydraulic architecture and water relations, which would have great implications for plant growth and survival in face of unfavorable water conditions. A soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar commonly used in Northeast China was exposed to non-filtered air (NF, averaged 24.0 nl l-1 ) and elevated O3 concentrations (eO3 , 40 nl l-1 supplied with NF air) in six open-top chambers for 50 days. The eO3 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in whole-plant hydraulic conductance that is mainly attributable to the reduced hydraulic conductance of the root system and the leaflets, while stem and leaf petiole hydraulic conductance showed no significant response to eO3 . Stomatal conductance of plants grown under eO3 was lower during mid-morning but significantly higher at midday, which resulted in substantially more negative daily minimum water potentials. Moreover, excised leaves from the eO3 treated plants showed significantly higher rates of water loss, suggesting a lower ability to withhold water when water supply is impeded. Our results indicate that, besides the direct detrimental effects of eO3 on photosynthetic carbon assimilation, its influences on hydraulic architecture and water relations may also negatively affect O3 -sensitive crops by deteriorating the detrimental effects of unfavorable water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Miao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ai-Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Jakubowicz M, Nowak W, Gałgański Ł, Babula-Skowrońska D. Expression profiling of genes encoding ABA route components in response to dehydration or various light conditions in poplar buds and leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 223:84-95. [PMID: 29554558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this report, the members of PP2C, SnRK2a and Rboh oxidase families from Arabidopsis and poplar were studied in silico, and the expression profiles of the some of them were specified in Populus tremula buds and adult leaves. In poplars, the counterparts of ABI1- and ABI2-like protein phosphatases are lacking, but poplar genomes encode three HAB-like proteins denoted in this work as HAB1, HAB3a and HAB3b, and the counterparts of the two latter ones are absent in Arabidopsis. Nonetheless, they may be present in other species. In poplars, SnRK2 subclass III includes two SnRK2.6-like protein kinases denoted by us as SnRK2.6a and SnRK2.6b, and only one SnRK2.2 corresponding to SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 ones from Arabidopsis. In contrast to Arabidopsis, the poplar Rboh family involves two RbohD- and RbohF-like proteins denoted here as RbohD1 and RbohD2, and RbohF1 and RbohF2, respectively. The expressions of genes encoding the above components of the ABA route were studied in Populus tremula dehydrated buds and adult leaves not subjected to stress but exposed to natural daylight or to darkness, and to inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis or signaling route by cobalt or silver ions, respectively. In leaves, the light conditions seemed to be the most pronounced factor, from among the studied stimuli, controlling the expression Ptre-HAB3a, Ptre-HAB1, Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-RbohF2 genes, their expression was upregulated in darkness. This observation implies that these genes may be important for dark-induced stomatal closure regulation. Ethylene negatively affected the expression of three studied Rboh genes and Ptre-HAB1one but only at daylight, whereas its positive effect on the of Ptre-HAB3a was shown in the dark exposed leaves. In buds, three studied Rboh genes took part in the early response to dehydration, however their participation involved the visibly highest level of the Ptre-RbohD1 transcripts, followed by Ptre-RbohF2 and the lowest one of Ptre-RbohF1. Nonetheless, the further stress-induced superoxide anion generation seemed to depend on the enhanced expression of the Ptre-RbohD1 and Ptre-RbohF2 genes only, still with a significantly higher level of the Ptre-RbohD1 one. Ptre-RbohD2 transcripts were found neither in leaves nor in buds. The expression of the other genes discussed in the present work was either slightly upregulated at moderate stress or did not significantly change in response to dehydration. The protein kinase activity of overexpressed Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-SnRK2.6b was confirmed in in vitro protein kinase assay and compared to that of SnRK2.6/OST1 one from Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jakubowicz
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Danuta Babula-Skowrońska
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
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Yu H, Cao J, Chen Z, Shang H. Effects of elevated O 3 on physiological and biochemical responses in three kinds of trees native to subtropical forest in China during non-growing period. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:716-725. [PMID: 29245146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented the negative effects of ozone (O3) on tree species in growing season, however, little is done in non-growing season. Three evergreen tree species, Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang (P. bournei), Machilus pauhoi Kanehira (M. pauhoi) and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd (T. chinensis), were exposed to non-filtered air, 100 nmol mol-1 O3 air (E1) and 150 nmol mol-1 O3 air (E2) in open-top chambers in subtropical China. In the entire period of experiment, O3 fumigation decreased net photosynthesis rate (Pn) through stomatal limitation during the transition period from growing to non-growing season (TGN), and through non-stomatal limitation during the period of non-growing season (NGS) in all species tested. Meanwhile, O3 fumigation reduced and delayed the resilience of Pn in all species tested during the transition period from non-growing to growing season (TNG). O3 fumigation significantly decreased chlorophyll contents during NGS, whereas no obvious injury symptoms were observed till the end of experiment. O3 fumigation induced increases in levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, total phenolics and reduced ascorbic acid, and changes in four plant endogenous hormones as well in all species tested during NGS. During NGS, E1 and E2 reduced Pn by an average of 80.11% in P. bournei, 94.56% in M. pauhoi and 12.57% in T. chinensis, indicating that the O3 sensitivity was in an order of M. pauhoi > P. bournei > T. chinensis. Overall, O3 fumigation inhibited carbon fixation in all species tested during NGS. Furthermore, O3-induced physiological activities also consumed the dry matter. All these suggested that elevated O3, which is likely to come true during NGS in the future, will adversely affect the accumulation of dry matter and the resilience of Pn during TNG in evergreen tree species, and further inhibit their growth and development in the upcoming growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jixin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - He Shang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Yendrek CR, Erice G, Montes CM, Tomaz T, Sorgini CA, Brown PJ, McIntyre LM, Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA. Elevated ozone reduces photosynthetic carbon gain by accelerating leaf senescence of inbred and hybrid maize in a genotype-specific manner. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:3088-3100. [PMID: 29044553 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to elevated tropospheric ozone concentration ([O3 ]) accelerates leaf senescence in many C3 crops. However, the effects of elevated [O3 ] on C4 crops including maize (Zea mays L.) are poorly understood in terms of physiological mechanism and genetic variation in sensitivity. Using free air gas concentration enrichment, we investigated the photosynthetic response of 18 diverse maize inbred and hybrid lines to season-long exposure to elevated [O3 ] (~100 nl L-1 ) in the field. Gas exchange was measured on the leaf subtending the ear throughout the grain filling period. On average over the lifetime of the leaf, elevated [O3 ] led to reductions in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation of both inbred (-22%) and hybrid (-33%) genotypes. There was significant variation among both inbred and hybrid lines in the sensitivity of photosynthesis to elevated [O3 ], with some lines showing no change in photosynthesis at elevated [O3 ]. Based on analysis of inbred line B73, the reduced CO2 assimilation at elevated [O3 ] was associated with accelerated senescence decreasing photosynthetic capacity and not altered stomatal limitation. These findings across diverse maize genotypes could advance the development of more O3 tolerant maize and provide experimental data for parameterization and validation of studies modeling how O3 impacts crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Yendrek
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gorka Erice
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher M Montes
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tiago Tomaz
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Crystal A Sorgini
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Khan TA, Fariduddin Q, Yusuf M. Low-temperature stress: is phytohormones application a remedy? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21574-21590. [PMID: 28831664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the various abiotic stresses, low temperature is one of the major environmental constraints that limit the plant development and crop productivity. Plants are able to adapt to low-temperature stress through the changes in membrane composition and activation of reactive oxygen scavenging systems. The genetic pathway induced due to temperature downshift is based on C-repeat-binding factors (CBF) which activate promoters through the C-repeat (CRT) cis-element. Calcium entry is a major signalling event occurring immediately after a downshift in temperature. The increase in the level of cytosolic calcium activates many enzymes, such as phospholipases and calcium dependent-protein kinases. MAP-kinase module has been shown to be involved in the cold response. Ultimately, the activation of these signalling pathways leads to changes in the transcriptome. Several phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins and jasmonic acid, have been shown to play key roles in regulating the plant development under low-temperature stress. These phytohormones modulate important events involved in tolerance to low-temperature stress in plants. Better understanding of these events and genes controlling these could open new strategies for improving tolerance mediated by phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Alam Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Effect of elevated CO 2 and O 3 on phytohormone-mediated plant resistance to vector insects and insect-borne plant viruses. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:816-825. [PMID: 28785951 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Climatic variations are becoming important limiting factors for agriculture productivity, as they not only directly affect the plant net primary productivity but can also modulate the outbreak of plant diseases and pests. Elevated CO2 and O3 are two important climatic factors that have been widely studied before. Elevated CO2 or O3 alters the host plant physiology and affects the vector insects and plant viruses via bottom-up effects of the host plants. Many studies have shown that elevated CO2 or O3 decreases the plant nitrogen content, which modulates the characteristics of vector insects. Recent evidence also reveals that hormone-dependent signaling pathways play a critical role in regulating the response of insects and plant viruses to elevated CO2 or O3. In the current review, we describe how elevated CO2 or O3 affects the vector insects and plant viruses by altering the SA and JA signaling pathways. We also discuss how changes in the feeding behavior of vector insects or the occurrence of plant viruses affects the interactions between vector insects and plant viruses under elevated CO2 or O3. We suggest that new insights into the upstream network that regulates hormone signaling and top-down effects of natural enemies would provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions taking place under elevated CO2 or O3.
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Cotrozzi L, Pellegrini E, Guidi L, Landi M, Lorenzini G, Massai R, Remorini D, Tonelli M, Trivellini A, Vernieri P, Nali C. Losing the Warning Signal: Drought Compromises the Cross-Talk of Signaling Molecules in Quercus ilex Exposed to Ozone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1020. [PMID: 28674543 PMCID: PMC5475409 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between drought and acute ozone (O3) stress in terms of signaling molecules and cell death would improve the predictions of plant responses to climate change. The aim was to investigate whether drought stress influences the responses of plants to acute episodes of O3 exposure. In this study, the behavior of 84 Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex plants was evaluated in terms of cross-talk responses among signaling molecules. Half of the sample was subjected to drought (20% of the effective daily evapotranspiration, for 15 days) and was later exposed to an acute O3 exposure (200 nL L-1 for 5 h). First, our results indicate that in well-water conditions, O3 induced a signaling pathway specific to O3-sensitive behavior. Second, different trends and consequently different roles of phytohormones and signaling molecules (ethylene, ET; abscisic acid, ABA; salycilic acid, SA and jasmonic acid, JA) were observed in relation to water stress and O3. A spatial and functional correlation between these signaling molecules was observed in modulating O3-induced responses in well-watered plants. In contrast, in drought-stressed plants, these compounds were not involved either in O3-induced signaling mechanisms or in leaf senescence (a response observed in water-stressed plants before the O3-exposure). Third, these differences were ascribable to the fact that in drought conditions, most defense processes induced by O3 were compromised and/or altered. Our results highlight how Q. ilex plants suffering from water deprivation respond differently to an acute O3 episode compared to well-watered plants, and suggest new effect to be considered in plant responses to environmental changes. This poses the serious question as to whether or not multiple high-magnitude O3 events (as predicted) can change these cross-talk responses, thus opening it up possible further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Rossano Massai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Tonelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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McAdam EL, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. Does ozone increase ABA levels by non-enzymatic synthesis causing stomata to close? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:741-747. [PMID: 28042679 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely recognized as important regulators of stomatal aperture and plant gas exchange. The pathways through which stomata perceive ROS share many common linkages with the well characterized signalling pathway for the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), a major driver of stomatal closure. Given reports that ABA receptor mutants have no stomatal response to ozone-triggered ROS production, as well as evidence that all steps in the ABA biosynthetic pathway can be non-enzymatically converted by ROS, here we investigated the possibility that ozone closes stomata by directly converting ABA precursors to ABA. In plants where stomata were responsive to ozone, we found that foliar ABA levels rapidly increased upon exposure to ozone. Recovery of gas exchange post-exposure occurred only when ABA levels declined. Our data suggest that stomatal closure in response to ozone exposure occurs as a result of direct oxidation of ABA precursors leading to ABA production, but the importance of this ROS interaction remains uncertain under normal photosynthetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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Fuhrer J, Val Martin M, Mills G, Heald CL, Harmens H, Hayes F, Sharps K, Bender J, Ashmore MR. Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8785-8799. [PMID: 28035269 PMCID: PMC5192800 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Risks associated with exposure of individual plant species to ozone (O3) are well documented, but implications for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes have received insufficient attention. This is an important gap because feedbacks to the atmosphere may change as future O3 levels increase or decrease, depending on air quality and climate policies. Global simulation of O3 using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) revealed that in 2000, about 40% of the Global 200 terrestrial ecoregions (ER) were exposed to O3 above thresholds for ecological risks, with highest exposures in North America and Southern Europe, where there is field evidence of adverse effects of O3, and in central Asia. Experimental studies show that O3 can adversely affect the growth and flowering of plants and alter species composition and richness, although some communities can be resilient. Additional effects include changes in water flux regulation, pollination efficiency, and plant pathogen development. Recent research is unraveling a range of effects belowground, including changes in soil invertebrates, plant litter quantity and quality, decomposition, and nutrient cycling and carbon pools. Changes are likely slow and may take decades to become detectable. CESM simulations for 2050 show that O3 exposure under emission scenario RCP8.5 increases in all major biomes and that policies represented in scenario RCP4.5 do not lead to a general reduction in O3 risks; rather, 50% of ERs still show an increase in exposure. Although a conceptual model is lacking to extrapolate documented effects to ERs with limited or no local information, and there is uncertainty about interactions with nitrogen input and climate change, the analysis suggests that in many ERs, O3 risks will persist for biodiversity at different trophic levels, and for a range of ecosystem processes and feedbacks, which deserves more attention when assessing ecological implications of future atmospheric pollution and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Fuhrer
- AgroscopeClimate/Air Pollution GroupZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and HydrologyEnvironment Centre WalesBangorGwyneddUK
| | - Colette L. Heald
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology and HydrologyEnvironment Centre WalesBangorGwyneddUK
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology and HydrologyEnvironment Centre WalesBangorGwyneddUK
| | - Katrina Sharps
- Centre for Ecology and HydrologyEnvironment Centre WalesBangorGwyneddUK
| | - Jürgen Bender
- Institute of BiodiversityThünen InstituteBraunschweigGermany
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Zhang M, Smith JAC, Harberd NP, Jiang C. The regulatory roles of ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant salt stress responses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:651-9. [PMID: 27233644 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most commonly encountered environmental stresses affecting plant growth and crop productivity. Accordingly, plants have evolved a variety of morphological, physiological and biochemical strategies that enable them to adapt to saline growth conditions. For example, it has long been known that salinity-stress increases both the production of the gaseous stress hormone ethylene and the in planta accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, there has been significant progress in understanding how the fine-tuning of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling transduction can promote salinity tolerance, and how salinity-induced ROS accumulation also acts as a signal in the mediation of salinity tolerance. Furthermore, recent advances have indicated that ethylene signaling modulates salinity responses largely via regulation of ROS-generating and ROS-scavenging mechanisms. This review focuses on these recent advances in understanding the linked roles of ethylene and ROS in salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - J Andrew C Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Harberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
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Mills G, Harmens H, Wagg S, Sharps K, Hayes F, Fowler D, Sutton M, Davies B. Ozone impacts on vegetation in a nitrogen enriched and changing climate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:898-908. [PMID: 26412200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a process-oriented perspective on the combined effects of ozone (O3), climate change and/or nitrogen (N) on vegetation. Whereas increasing CO2 in controlled environments or open-top chambers often ameliorates effects of O3 on leaf physiology, growth and C allocation, this is less likely in the field. Combined responses to elevated temperature and O3 have rarely been studied even though some critical growth stages such as seed initiation are sensitive to both. Under O3 exposure, many species have smaller roots, thereby enhancing drought sensitivity. Of the 68 species assessed for stomatal responses to ozone, 22.5% were unaffected, 33.5% had sluggish or increased opening and 44% stomatal closure. The beneficial effect of N on root development was lost at higher O3 treatments whilst the effects of increasing O3 on root biomass became more pronounced as N increased. Both responses to gradual changes in pollutants and climate and those under extreme weather events require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Serena Wagg
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Katrina Sharps
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - David Fowler
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Mark Sutton
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Bill Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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Geilfus CM, Mithöfer A, Ludwig-Müller J, Zörb C, Muehling KH. Chloride-inducible transient apoplastic alkalinizations induce stomata closure by controlling abscisic acid distribution between leaf apoplast and guard cells in salt-stressed Vicia faba. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:803-16. [PMID: 26096890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloride stress causes the leaf apoplast transiently to alkalize, an event that is presumed to contribute to the ability of plants to adapt to saline conditions. However, the initiation of coordinated processes downstream of the alkalinization is unknown. We hypothesize that chloride-inducible pH dynamics are a key chemical feature modulating the compartmental distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) and, as a consequence, affecting stomata aperture. Apoplastic pH and stomata aperture dynamics in intact Vicia faba leaves were monitored by microscopy-based ratio imaging and porometric measurements of stomatal conductance. ABA concentrations in leaf apoplast and guard cells were compared with pH dynamics by gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results demonstrate that, upon chloride addition to roots, an alkalizing factor that initiates the pH dynamic propagates from root to leaf in a way similar to xylem-distributed water. In leaves, it induces a systemic transient apoplastic alkalinization that causes apoplastic ABA concentration to increase, followed by an elevation of endogenous guard cell ABA. We conclude that the transient alkalinization, which is a remote effect of chloride stress, modulates the compartmental distribution of ABA between the leaf apoplast and the guard cells and, in this way, is instrumental in inducing stomata closure during the beginning of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian Albrechts University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University Hohenheim, Schloss, Westhof West, 118, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl H Muehling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian Albrechts University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
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Xia XJ, Zhou YH, Shi K, Zhou J, Foyer CH, Yu JQ. Interplay between reactive oxygen species and hormones in the control of plant development and stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2839-56. [PMID: 25788732 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of a sessile lifestyle, plants are continuously exposed to changing environmental conditions and often life-threatening stresses caused by exposure to excessive light, extremes of temperature, limiting nutrient or water availability, and pathogen/insect attack. The flexible coordination of plant growth and development is necessary to optimize vigour and fitness in a changing environment through rapid and appropriate responses to such stresses. The concept that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile signalling molecules in plants that contribute to stress acclimation is well established. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of how ROS production and signalling are integrated with the action of auxin, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, strigolactones, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid in the coordinate regulation of plant growth and stress tolerance. We consider the local and systemic crosstalk between ROS and hormonal signalling pathways and identify multiple points of reciprocal control, as well as providing insights into the integration nodes that involve Ca(2+)-dependent processes and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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Arve LE, Torre S. Ethylene is involved in high air humidity promoted stomatal opening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:376-386. [PMID: 32480682 DOI: 10.1071/fp14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High relative air humidity (RH) promotes stomatal opening in tomato leaves. This study examined the role of the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in high RH induced stomatal opening. Plants were grown in high (90%) and moderate (60%) RH or transferred from moderate to high RH. ABA levels were only slightly, but significantly decreased during darkness by increasing RH. However, a significantly higher ethylene evolution was found in high RH compared with moderate RH. Ethephon increased conductance and stomatal aperture in moderate RH. Treatment with amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) suppressed stomatal opening when plants were transferred from moderate to high RH. Similarly, blocking the ethylene receptor or using an ethylene-insensitive mutant (NR) reduced the response to high RH. These results demonstrate that both ethylene production and sensitivity play a role in high RH-induced stomatal opening in tomato leaves. The increased conductance found when plants were transferred to high RH could be counteracted by exogenous ABA spray. The ABA deficient mutant 'Flacca' produced high levels of ethylene irrespective of the RH and the difference in water loss and conductance between high and moderate grown 'Flacca' plants was attenuated compared with WT. The results indicate that both ABA and ethylene play a role in air humidity control of stomatal movement in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Arve
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sissel Torre
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Shi C, Qi C, Ren H, Huang A, Hei S, She X. Ethylene mediates brassinosteroid-induced stomatal closure via Gα protein-activated hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:280-301. [PMID: 25754244 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for plant growth and development; however, whether and how they promote stomatal closure is not fully clear. In this study, we report that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a bioactive BR, induces stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by triggering a signal transduction pathway including ethylene synthesis, the activation of Gα protein, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production. EBR initiated a marked rise in ethylene, H(2)O(2) and NO levels, necessary for stomatal closure in the wild type. These effects were abolished in mutant bri1-301, and EBR failed to close the stomata of gpa1 mutants. Next, we found that both ethylene and Gα mediate the inductive effects of EBR on H(2)O(2) and NO production. EBR-triggered H(2)O(2) and NO accumulation were canceled in the etr1 and gpa1 mutants, but were strengthened in the eto1-1 mutant and the cGα line (constitutively overexpressing the G protein α-subunit AtGPA1). Exogenously applied H(2)O(2) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) rescued the defects of etr1-3 and gpa1 or etr1 and gpa1 mutants in EBR-induced stomatal closure, whereas the stomata of eto1-1/AtrbohF and cGα/AtrbohF or eto1-1/nia1-2 and cGα/nia1-2 constructs had an analogous response to H(2)O(2) or SNP as those of AtrbohF or Nia1-2 mutants. Moreover, we provided evidence that Gα plays an important role in the responses of guard cells to ethylene. Gα activator CTX largely restored the lesion of the etr1-3 mutant, but ethylene precursor ACC failed to rescue the defects of gpa1 mutants in EBR-induced stomatal closure. Lastly, we demonstrated that Gα-activated H(2)O(2) production is required for NO synthesis. EBR failed to induce NO synthesis in mutant AtrbohF, but it led to H(2)O(2) production in mutant Nia1-2. Exogenously applied SNP rescued the defect of AtrbohF in EBR-induced stomatal closure, but H(2)O(2) did not reverse the lesion of EBR-induced stomatal closure in Nia1-2. Together, our results strongly suggest a signaling pathway in which EBR induces ethylene synthesis, thereby activating Gα, and then promotes AtrbohF-dependent H(2)O(2) production and subsequent Nia1-catalyzed NO accumulation, and finally closes stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, 546300, China
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Ge XM, Cai HL, Lei X, Zhou X, Yue M, He JM. Heterotrimeric G protein mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure via hydrogen peroxide synthesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:138-50. [PMID: 25704455 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins function as key players in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in plant cells, but whether G proteins mediate ethylene-induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure are not clear. Here, evidences are provided to show the Gα subunit GPA1 as a missing link between ethylene and H2O2 in guard cell ethylene signalling. In wild-type leaves, ethylene-triggered H2O2 synthesis and stomatal closure were dependent on activation of Gα. GPA1 mutants showed the defect of ethylene-induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure, whereas wGα and cGα overexpression lines showed faster stomatal closure and H2O2 production in response to ethylene. Ethylene-triggered H2O2 generation and stomatal closure were impaired in RAN1, ETR1, ERS1 and EIN4 mutants but not impaired in ETR2 and ERS2 mutants. Gα activator and H2O2 rescued the defect of RAN1 and EIN4 mutants or etr1-3 in ethylene-induced H2O2 production and stomatal closure, but only rescued the defect of ERS1 mutants or etr1-1 and etr1-9 in ethylene-induced H2O2 production. Stomata of CTR1 mutants showed constitutive H2O2 production and stomatal closure, but which could be abolished by Gα inhibitor. Stomata of EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2 mutants did not close in responses to ethylene, Gα activator or H2O2, but do generate H2O2 following challenge of ethylene or Gα activator. The data indicate that Gα mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure via H2O2 production, and acts downstream of RAN1, ETR1, ERS1, EIN4 and CTR1 and upstream of EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2. The data also show that ETR1 and ERS1 mediate both ethylene and H2O2 signalling in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Aliniaeifard S, van Meeteren U. Natural variation in stomatal response to closing stimuli among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions after exposure to low VPD as a tool to recognize the mechanism of disturbed stomatal functioning. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6529-42. [PMID: 25205580 PMCID: PMC4246184 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal responses to closing stimuli are disturbed after long-term exposure of plants to low vapour pressure deficit (VPD). The mechanism behind this disturbance is not fully understood. Genetic variation between naturally occurring ecotypes can be helpful to elucidate the mechanism controlling stomatal movements in different environments. We characterized the stomatal responses of 41 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana to closing stimuli (ABA and desiccation) after they had been exposed for 4 days to moderate VPD (1.17 kPa) or low VPD (0.23 kPa). A fast screening system was used to test stomatal response to ABA using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging under low O2 concentrations of leaf discs floating on ABA solutions. In all accessions stomatal conductance (gs) was increased after prior exposure to low VPD. After exposure to low VPD, stomata of 39 out of 41 of the accessions showed a diminished ABA closing response; only stomata of low VPD-exposed Map-42 and C24 were as responsive to ABA as moderate VPD-exposed plants. In response to desiccation, most of the accessions showed a normal stomata closing response following low VPD exposure. Only low VPD-exposed Cvi-0 and Rrs-7 showed significantly less stomatal closure compared with moderate VPD-exposed plants. Using principle component analysis (PCA), accessions could be categorized to very sensitive, moderately sensitive, and less sensitive to closing stimuli. In conclusion, we present evidence for different stomatal responses to closing stimuli after long-term exposure to low VPD across Arabidopsis accessions. The variation can be a useful tool for finding the mechanism of stomatal malfunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Horticultural Production Chains, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, p.o. Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Horticulture, College of Abureyhan, University of Tehran, PC. 3391653775, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Uulke van Meeteren
- Horticultural Production Chains, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, p.o. Box 630, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Aliniaeifard S, Malcolm Matamoros P, van Meeteren U. Stomatal malfunctioning under low VPD conditions: induced by alterations in stomatal morphology and leaf anatomy or in the ABA signaling? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:688-99. [PMID: 24773210 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposing plants to low VPD reduces leaf capacity to maintain adequate water status thereafter. To find the impact of VPD on functioning of stomata, stomatal morphology and leaf anatomy, fava bean plants were grown at low (L, 0.23 kPa) or moderate (M, 1.17 kPa) VPDs and some plants that developed their leaves at moderate VPD were then transferred for 4 days to low VPD (M→L). Part of the M→L-plants were sprayed with ABA (abscisic acid) during exposure to L. L-plants showed bigger stomata, larger pore area, thinner leaves and less spongy cells compared with M-plants. Stomatal morphology (except aperture) and leaf anatomy of the M→L-plants were almost similar to the M-plants, while their transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were identical to that of L-plants. The stomatal response to ABA was lost in L-plants, but also after 1-day exposure of M-plants to low VPD. The level of foliar ABA sharply decreased within 1-day exposure to L, while the level of ABA-GE (ABA-glucose ester) was not affected. Spraying ABA during the exposure to L prevented loss of stomatal closing response thereafter. The effect of low VPD was largely depending on exposure time: the stomatal responsiveness to ABA was lost after 1-day exposure to low VPD, while the responsiveness to desiccation was gradually lost during 4-day exposure to low VPD. Leaf anatomical and stomatal morphological alterations due to low VPD were not the main cause of loss of stomatal closure response to closing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Horticultural Production Chains, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Horticulture, College of Abureyhan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
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