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Ouyang X, Ma J, Zhang R, Li P, Gao M, Sun C, Weng L, Chen Y, Yan S, Li Y. Uptake of atmospherically deposited cadmium by leaves of vegetables: Subcellular localization by NanoSIMS and potential risks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128624. [PMID: 35278953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospherically deposited cadmium (Cd) may accumulate in plants through foliar uptake; however, the foliar uptake, accumulation, and distribution processes of Cd are still under discussion. Atmospherically deposited Cd was simulated using cadmium sulfide (CdS) with various particle sizes and solubility. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, WS) and pak choi (Brassica chinensis L., PC) leaves were treated with suspensions of CdS nanoparticles (CdSN), which entered the leaves via the stomata. Cd concentrations of WS and PC leaves treated with 125 mg L-1 CdSN reached up to 39.8 and 11.0 mg kg-1, respectively, which are higher than the critical leaf concentration for toxicity. Slight changes were observed in fresh biomass, photosynthetic parameters, lipid peroxidation, and mineral nutrient uptake. Exposure concentration, rather than particle size or solubility, regulated the foliar uptake and accumulation of Cd. Subcellular and the high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) results revealed that Cd was majorly stored in the soluble fraction and cell walls, which is an important Cd detoxification mechanism in leaves. The potential health risks associated with consuming CdS-containing vegetables were highlighted. These findings facilitate a better understanding of the fate of atmospheric Cd in plants, which is critical in ensuring food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ouyang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Pan Li
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Man Gao
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuanqiang Sun
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yali Chen
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Sun Yan
- Institute of Eeo-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
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2
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Wieczorek D, Żyszka-Haberecht B, Kafka A, Lipok J. Determination of phosphorus compounds in plant tissues: from colourimetry to advanced instrumental analytical chemistry. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:22. [PMID: 35184722 PMCID: PMC8859883 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the spectrum of effective methods and techniques that allow determination of inorganic or total phosphorus is impressive, more precise analysis of these substances in plant tissues is not a routine or trivial task. The complexity of chemical composition of plant tissues treated as the analytical matrices is thought to be the main cause why there is no one answer, how appropriate phosphorus compounds may be determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Even if more advanced spectrophotometric measurements and classical variants of absorption (FAAS) or emission (ICP-AES/ ICP-OES) spectrometry techniques are used, it is necessary at first to isolate various forms of phosphorus from the matrix, and then to mineralize them prior the determination. Significant progress in such a kind of analytical efforts was brought by implementation of combined methods e.g. ETV-ICP-AES or HR-ETAAS, does allow the isolation of the phosphorus analyte and its detection during a kind of "one step" analytical procedure, directly in plant tissues. Similar benefits, regarding sensitivity of determinations, are obtained when XRF, SIMS or nanoSIMS-more expensive techniques of imaging the presence of phosphorus in biological matrices have been used. Nowadays, obviously being aware of higher limit of detection, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, especially the 31P NMR technique, is thought to be the most universal analytical tool allowing to determine various chemical forms of plant phosphorus qualitatively and quantitatively, at the same time. Although 31P NMR provides valuable information about the phosphorus profile of plants, it should be emphasized that each analytical issue related to the determination of phosphorus compounds in plant tissues and organs, requires an individual approach to defined problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wieczorek
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Beata Żyszka-Haberecht
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Kafka
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Lipok
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Qi Y, Yang X, Jia S, Shen B, Zhao J, Wan Y, Zhong H. A Soft Evaporation and Ionization Technique for Mass Spectrometric Analysis and Bio-Imaging of Metal Ions in Plants Based on Metal-Iodide Cluster Ionization. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15597-15606. [PMID: 34762390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protonation/deprotonation is the well-recognized mass spectrometric mechanism in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization of organic molecules but not for metal ions with different oxidation states. We describe herein a soft evaporation and ionization technique for metal ions based on iodination/de-iodination in metal-iodide cluster ionization (MICI). It is not only able to determine identities and oxidation states of metal ions but also reveal spatial distributions and isotope ratios in response to physiological or environmental changes. A long chain alcohol 1-tetradecanol with no functional groups that can absorb laser irradiation was used to cover and prevent samples from direct laser ablation. Upon the irradiation of the third harmonic Nd3+:YAG (355 nm, 3 ns), iohexol containing three covalently bonded iodine atoms instantly generates negative iodide ions that can quantitatively form clusters with at least 14 essential metal ions present in plants. The detection limits vary with different metal ions down to low fmol. MICI eliminates the atomization process that obscures metal charges in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Because only metal ions can be iodinated with iohexol, interferences from the abundant organic molecules of plants that are confronted by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are also greatly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qi
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Baojie Shen
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wan
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Zhong
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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4
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Thiruvallur Eachambadi R, Boschker HTS, Franquet A, Spampinato V, Hidalgo-Martinez S, Valcke R, Meysman FJR, Manca JV. Enhanced Laterally Resolved ToF-SIMS and AFM Imaging of the Electrically Conductive Structures in Cable Bacteria. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7226-7234. [PMID: 33939426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cable bacteria are electroactive bacteria that form a long, linear chain of ridged cylindrical cells. These filamentous bacteria conduct centimeter-scale long-range electron transport through parallel, interconnected conductive pathways of which the detailed chemical and electrical properties are still unclear. Here, we combine time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the structure and composition of this naturally occurring electrical network. The enhanced lateral resolution achieved allows differentiation between the cell body and the cell-cell junctions that contain a conspicuous cartwheel structure. Three ToF-SIMS modes were compared in the study of so-called fiber sheaths (i.e., the cell material that remains after the removal of cytoplasm and membranes, and which embeds the electrical network). Among these, fast imaging delayed extraction (FI-DE) was found to balance lateral and mass resolution, thus yielding the following multiple benefits in the study of structure-composition relations in cable bacteria: (i) it enables the separate study of the cell body and cell-cell junctions; (ii) by combining FI-DE with in situ AFM, the depth of Ni-containing protein-key in the electrical transport-is determined with greater precision; and (iii) this combination prevents contamination, which is possible when using an ex situ AFM. Our results imply that the interconnects in extracted fiber sheaths are either damaged during extraction, or that their composition is different from fibers, or both. From a more general analytical perspective, the proposed methodology of ToF-SIMS in the FI-DE mode combined with in situ AFM holds great promise for studying the chemical structure of other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henricus T S Boschker
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alexis Franquet
- Materials and Components Analysis - Compositional Analysis, Imec vzw, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentina Spampinato
- Materials and Components Analysis - Compositional Analysis, Imec vzw, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Roland Valcke
- UHasselt-Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Filip J R Meysman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jean V Manca
- UHasselt-X-LAB, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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5
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Xie R, Zhao J, Lu L, Brown P, Guo J, Tian S. Penetration of foliar-applied Zn and its impact on apple plant nutrition status: in vivo evaluation by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:147. [PMID: 32922819 PMCID: PMC7459125 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of foliar fertilizer is a complex process and is poorly understood. The ability to visualize and quantify the pathway that elements take following their application to leaf surfaces is critical for understanding the science and for practical applications of foliar fertilizers. By the use of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence to analyze the in vivo localization of elements, our study aimed to investigate the penetration of foliar-applied Zn absorbed by apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves with different physiological surface properties, as well as the possible interactions between foliar Zn level and the mineral nutrient status of treated leaves. The results indicate that the absorption of foliar-applied Zn was largely dependent on plant leaf surface characteristics. High-resolution elemental maps revealed that the high binding capacity of the cell wall for Zn contributed to the observed limitation of Zn penetration across epidermal cells. Trichome density and stomatal aperture had opposite effects on Zn fertilizer penetration: a relatively high density of trichomes increased the hydrophobicity of leaves, whereas the presence of stomata facilitated foliar Zn penetration. Low levels of Zn promoted the accumulation of other mineral elements in treated leaves, and the complexation of Zn with phytic acid potentially occurred owing to exposure to high-Zn conditions. The present study provides direct visual evidence for the Zn penetration process across the leaf surface, which is important for the development of strategies for Zn biofortification in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020 China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shengke Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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6
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Shelden MC, Gilbert SE, Tyerman SD. A laser ablation technique maps differences in elemental composition in roots of two barley cultivars subjected to salinity stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1462-1473. [PMID: 31686423 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In saline soils, high levels of sodium (Na+ ) and chloride (Cl- ) ions reduce root growth by inhibiting cell division and elongation, thereby impacting on crop yield. Soil salinity can lead to Na+ toxicity of plant cells, influencing the uptake and retention of other important ions [i.e. potassium (K+ )] required for growth. However, measuring and quantifying soluble ions in their native, cellular environment is inherently difficult. Technologies that allow in situ profiling of plant tissues are fundamental for our understanding of abiotic stress responses and the development of tolerant crops. Here, we employ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify Na, K and other elements [calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe)] at high spatial resolution in the root growth zone of two genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) that differ in salt-tolerance, cv. Clipper (tolerant) and Sahara (sensitive). The data show that Na+ was excluded from the meristem and cell division zone, indicating that Na+ toxicity is not directly reducing cell division in the salt-sensitive genotype, Sahara. Interestingly, in both genotypes, K+ was strongly correlated with Na+ concentration, in response to salt stress. In addition, we also show important genetic differences and salt-specific changes in elemental composition in the root growth zone. These results show that LA-ICP-MS can be used for fine mapping of soluble ions (i.e. Na+ and K+ ) in plant tissues, providing insight into the link between Na+ toxicity and root growth responses to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Shelden
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sarah E Gilbert
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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7
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Ondrasek G, Rengel Z, Clode PL, Kilburn MR, Guagliardo P, Romic D. Zinc and cadmium mapping by NanoSIMS within the root apex after short-term exposure to metal contamination. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:571-578. [PMID: 30654291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc as a micronutrient and cadmium as a nonessential toxic element share similar pathways for entering plant tissues and thus may be antagonistic. In nutrient solution culture, 17-day-old radish (Raphanus sativus L) plants were exposed to short-term (24 h) equimolar metal contamination (2.2 µM of each 70Zn and total Cd) to investigate the in situ Zn/Cd distribution in the apical root tissues using high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of bulk root tissue confirmed large root uptake of both metal elements. After 24-h exposure the total root concentration (in µg/g DW) of 70Zn was 180 ± 24 (mean±SE) and of total Cd 352 ± 11. NanoSIMS mapping was performed on the cross sections of the radish root apex as a crucial component in root growth and uptake of water and nutrients from soil. Elemental maps of 70Zn and 114Cd isotopes revealed greater enrichment of both metals in the outer epidermal root layer than in cortical tissues and especially stele, confirming the epidermal root cells as preferential sites of metal uptake, and indicating relatively slow and less-intensive metal transport into other parts (edible hypocotyl, shoot) of metal-sensitive radish. NanoSIMS has been confirmed as a powerful tool for spatial detection and visualisation of some ultra-trace metal isotopes (e.g. 70Zn) in the fast-growing root tips. However, precise (sub)cellular mapping of diffusible metallic ions (Cd, Zn) remains a technically-challenging task in plant specimens given an unavoidable compromise between optimising methodology for structural preservation vs. authentic in vivo ion localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijel Ondrasek
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matt R Kilburn
- The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Davor Romic
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Decelle J, Stryhanyuk H, Gallet B, Veronesi G, Schmidt M, Balzano S, Marro S, Uwizeye C, Jouneau PH, Lupette J, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Schwab Y, Schieber NL, Tucoulou R, Richnow H, Finazzi G, Musat N. Algal Remodeling in a Ubiquitous Planktonic Photosymbiosis. Curr Biol 2019; 29:968-978.e4. [PMID: 30827917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosymbiosis between single-celled hosts and microalgae is common in oceanic plankton, especially in oligotrophic surface waters. However, the functioning of this ecologically important cell-cell interaction and the subcellular mechanisms allowing the host to accommodate and benefit from its microalgae remain enigmatic. Here, using a combination of quantitative single-cell structural and chemical imaging techniques (FIB-SEM, nanoSIMS, Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence), we show that the structural organization, physiology, and trophic status of the algal symbionts (the haptophyte Phaeocystis) significantly change within their acantharian hosts compared to their free-living phase in culture. In symbiosis, algal cell division is blocked, photosynthesis is enhanced, and cell volume is increased by up to 10-fold with a higher number of plastids (from 2 to up to 30) and thylakoid membranes. The multiplication of plastids can lead to a 38-fold increase of the total plastid volume in a cell. Subcellular mapping of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) and their stoichiometric ratios shows that symbiotic algae are impoverished in phosphorous and suggests a higher investment in energy-acquisition machinery rather than in growth. Nanoscale imaging also showed that the host supplies a substantial amount of trace metals (e.g., iron and cobalt), which are stored in algal vacuoles at high concentrations (up to 660 ppm). Sulfur mapping reveals a high concentration in algal vacuoles that may be a source of antioxidant molecules. Overall, this study unveils an unprecedented morphological and metabolic transformation of microalgae following their integration into a host, and it suggests that this widespread symbiosis is a farming strategy wherein the host engulfs and exploits microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Decelle
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hryhoriy Stryhanyuk
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux UMR 5249, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France; ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergio Balzano
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Marro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche UMR7093, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Clarisse Uwizeye
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rémi Tucoulou
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Hans Richnow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Niculina Musat
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Ondrasek G, Clode PL, Kilburn MR, Guagliardo P, Romić D, Rengel Z. Zinc and Cadmium Mapping in the Apical Shoot and Hypocotyl Tissues of Radish by High-Resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) after Short-Term Exposure to Metal Contamination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030373. [PMID: 30699929 PMCID: PMC6388160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (as an essential phytonutrient) and cadmium (as a toxic but readily bioavailable nonessential metal for plants) share similar routes for crossing plant biomembranes, although with a substantially different potential for translocation into above-ground tissues. The in situ distribution of these metals in plant cells and tissues (particularly intensively-dividing and fast-growing areas) is poorly understood. In this study, 17-day-old radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants grown in nutrient solution were subjected to short-term (24 h) equimolar contamination (2.2 µM of each 70Zn and Cd) to investigate their accumulation and distribution in the shoot apex (leaf primordia) and edible fleshy hypocotyl tissues. After 24-h exposure, radish hypocotyl had similar concentration (in µg/g dry weight) of 70Zn (12.1 ± 1.1) and total Cd (12.9 ± 0.8), with relatively limited translocation of both metals to shoots (concentrations lower by 2.5-fold for 70Zn and 4.8-fold for Cd) as determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The in situ Zn/Cd distribution maps created by high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS, Cameca, Gennevilliers, France) imaging corresponded well with the ICP-MS data, confirming a similar pattern and uniform distribution of 70Zn and Cd across the examined areas. Both applied techniques can be powerful tools for quantification (ICP-MS) and localisation and visualisation (NanoSIMS) of some ultra-trace isotopes in the intensively-dividing cells and fast-growing tissues of non-metalophytes even after short-term metal exposure. The results emphasise the importance of the quality of (agro)ecosystem resources (growing media, metal-contaminated soils/waters) in the public health risk, given that, even under low contamination and short-term exposure, some of the most toxic metallic ions (e.g., Cd) can relatively rapidly enter the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijel Ondrasek
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Peta L Clode
- The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Matt R Kilburn
- The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Davor Romić
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
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10
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High resolution imaging and 3D analysis of Ag nanoparticles in cells with ToF-SIMS and delayed extraction. Biointerphases 2018; 13:03B410. [PMID: 29490464 DOI: 10.1116/1.5015957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this study, the authors use human mesenchymal stem cells incubated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a model system to systematically investigate the advantages and drawbacks of the fast imaging delayed extraction mode for two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) analyses at the cellular level. The authors compare the delayed extraction mode with commonly employed measurement modes in terms of mass and lateral resolution, intensity, and dose density. Using the delayed extraction mode for single cell analysis, a high mass resolution up to 4000 at m/z = 184.08 combined with a lateral resolution up to 360 nm is achieved. Furthermore, the authors perform 3D analyses with Ar-clusters (10 keV) and O2+ (500 eV) as sputter species, combined with Bi3+ and delayed extraction for analysis. Cell compartments like the nucleus are visualized in 3D, whereas no realistic 3D reconstruction of intracellular AgNP is possible due to the different sputter rates of inorganic and organic cell materials. Furthermore, the authors show that the sputter yield of Ag increases with the decreasing Ar-cluster size, which might be an approach to converge the different sputter rates.
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11
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Jiménez-Lamana J, Szpunar J, Łobinski R. New Frontiers of Metallomics: Elemental and Species-Specific Analysis and Imaging of Single Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1055:245-270. [PMID: 29884968 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single cells represent the basic building units of life, and thus their study is one the most important areas of research. However, classical analysis of biological cells eludes the investigation of cell-to-cell differences to obtain information about the intracellular distribution since it only provides information by averaging over a huge number of cells. For this reason, chemical analysis of single cells is an expanding area of research nowadays. In this context, metallomics research is going down to the single-cell level, where high-resolution high-sensitive analytical techniques are required. In this chapter, we present the latest developments and applications in the fields of single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS), mass cytometry, laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS), and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (SXRF) for single-cell analysis. Moreover, the capabilities and limitations of the current analytical techniques to unravel single-cell metabolomics as well as future perspectives in this field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jiménez-Lamana
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), UMR 5254, CNRS-UPPA, Pau, France.
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), UMR 5254, CNRS-UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Łobinski
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), UMR 5254, CNRS-UPPA, Pau, France
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12
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Tools for the Discovery of Hyperaccumulator Plant Species and Understanding Their Ecophysiology. AGROMINING: FARMING FOR METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has become an increasingly utilized tool in biologically relevant studies. Of these, high lateral resolution methodologies using the NanoSIMS 50/50L have been especially powerful within many biological fields over the past decade. Here, the authors provide a review of this technology, sample preparation and analysis considerations, examples of recent biological studies, data analyses, and current outlooks. Specifically, the authors offer an overview of SIMS and development of the NanoSIMS. The authors describe the major experimental factors that should be considered prior to NanoSIMS analysis and then provide information on best practices for data analysis and image generation, which includes an in-depth discussion of appropriate colormaps. Additionally, the authors provide an open-source method for data representation that allows simultaneous visualization of secondary electron and ion information within a single image. Finally, the authors present a perspective on the future of this technology and where they think it will have the greatest impact in near future.
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14
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Raina JB, Clode PL, Cheong S, Bougoure J, Kilburn MR, Reeder A, Forêt S, Stat M, Beltran V, Thomas-Hall P, Tapiolas D, Motti CM, Gong B, Pernice M, Marjo CE, Seymour JR, Willis BL, Bourne DG. Subcellular tracking reveals the location of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in microalgae and visualises its uptake by marine bacteria. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28371617 PMCID: PMC5380433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions drive the surface ocean sulfur cycle and local climatic processes through the production and exchange of a key compound: dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Despite their large-scale implications, these interactions remain unquantified at the cellular-scale. Here we use secondary-ion mass spectrometry to provide the first visualization of DMSP at sub-cellular levels, tracking the fate of a stable sulfur isotope (34S) from its incorporation by microalgae as inorganic sulfate to its biosynthesis and exudation as DMSP, and finally its uptake and degradation by bacteria. Our results identify for the first time the storage locations of DMSP in microalgae, with high enrichments present in vacuoles, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. In addition, we quantify DMSP incorporation at the single-cell level, with DMSP-degrading bacteria containing seven times more 34S than the control strain. This study provides an unprecedented methodology to label, retain, and image small diffusible molecules, which can be transposable to other symbiotic systems. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23008.001 Sulfur is an essential element for many organisms and environmental processes. Every year, organisms including microalgae produce more than one billion tons of a sulfur-containing compound called DMSP. Some of this DMSP is released into seawater, where it acts as a key nutrient for microscopic organisms and as a foraging cue to attract fish. DMSP is also the precursor of a gas that helps to form clouds. Despite DMSP’s potential large-scale effects, it is still not clear what role it plays in the organisms that produce it, or how it is transferred from the microalgae that produce it to the bacteria that use it. It is thought that DMSP could potentially protect the cells from sudden changes in the amount of salt in the seawater (salinity) or from other damage, such as oxidative stress – a build-up of harmful chemicals inside cells. In a controlled setting using artificial seawater, Raina et al. used high-resolution imaging and chemical analysis to track the journey of DMSP from microalgae to recipient bacteria. The results show that similar to land plants, algae store DMSP in the compartments that regulate cell pressure and photosynthesis. The presence of DMSP in these locations also supports its proposed role in protecting cells from changes in salinity or oxidative damage. A future step will be to identify the genes involved in producing DMSP in microalgae. This knowledge could be used to create mutants that are either incapable of producing this molecule or that overproduce it. In combination with the high-resolution imaging techniques described here, this will allow researchers to fully understand the role that DMSP plays in these organisms. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23008.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Raina
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Jeremy Bougoure
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Matt R Kilburn
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anthony Reeder
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Sylvain Forêt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Stat
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Victor Beltran
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Dianne Tapiolas
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Cherie M Motti
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Bill Gong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bette L Willis
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - David G Bourne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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15
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Castillo-Michel HA, Larue C, Pradas Del Real AE, Cotte M, Sarret G. Practical review on the use of synchrotron based micro- and nano- X-ray fluorescence mapping and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the interactions between plants and engineered nanomaterials. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 110:13-32. [PMID: 27475903 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in commercial products and the continuous development of novel applications, is leading to increased intentional and unintentional release of ENMs into the environment with potential negative impacts. Particularly, the partition of nanoparticles (NPs) to waste water treatment plant (WWTP) sludge represents a potential threat to agricultural ecosystems where these biosolids are being applied as fertilizers. Moreover, several applications of ENMs in agriculture and soil remediation are suggested. Therefore, detailed risk assessment should be done to evaluate possible secondary negative impacts. The impact of ENMS on plants as central component of ecosystems and worldwide food supply is of primary relevance. Understanding the fate and physical and chemical modifications of NPs in plants and their possible transfer into food chains requires specialized analytical techniques. Due to the importance of both chemical and physical factors to consider for a better understanding of ENMs behavior in complex matrices, these materials can be considered a new type of analyte. An ideal technique should require minimal sample preparation, be non-destructive, and offer the best balance between sensitivity, chemical specificity, and spatial resolution. Synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques are particularly adapted to investigate localization and speciation of ENMs in plants. SR X-ray fluorescence mapping (SR-XFM) offers multi-elemental detection with lateral resolution down to the tens of nm, in combination with spatially resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) speciation. This review will focus on important methodological aspects regarding sample preparation, data acquisition and data analysis of SR-XFM/XAS to investigate interactions between plants and ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Larue
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana E Pradas Del Real
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Beamline ID21, Grenoble 38100, France; ISTerre (Institut des Sciences de la Terre), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble 38100, France
| | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Beamline ID21, Grenoble 38100, France
| | - Geraldine Sarret
- ISTerre (Institut des Sciences de la Terre), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble 38100, France
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16
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Umemura T, Matsui Y, Sakagawa S, Fukai T, Fujimori E, Kumata H, Aoki M. Comprehensive Element Analysis of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells as well as Organelles by ICP-MS. Metallomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56463-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Schaumlöffel D, Hutchinson R, Malherbe J, Coustumer PL, Gontier E, Isaure MP. Novel Methods for Bioimaging Including LA-ICP-MS, NanoSIMS, TEM/X-EDS, and SXRF. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schaumlöffel
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - Robert Hutchinson
- Electro Scientific Industries; 8 Avro Court, Ermine Business Park Huntingdon, Cambridge PE29 6XS UK
| | - Julien Malherbe
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- Université de Bordeaux, UF Sciences de la Terre et Environnement; Allée G. Saint-Hillaire 33615 Pessac France
| | - Etienne Gontier
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Imaging Center; UMS 3420 CNRS - US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie électronique; 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
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18
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Onaga G, Dramé KN, Ismail AM. Understanding the regulation of iron nutrition: can it contribute to improving iron toxicity tolerance in rice? FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:709-726. [PMID: 32480498 DOI: 10.1071/fp15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron nutrition in plants is highly regulated in order to supply amounts sufficient for optimal growth while preventing deleterious effects. In response to iron deficiency, plants induce either reduction-based or chelation-based mechanisms to enhance iron uptake from the soil. Major physiological traits and genes involved in these mechanisms have been fairly well described in model plants like Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, for rice, iron toxicity presents a major challenge worldwide and causes yield reductions because rice is widely cultivated in flooded soils. Nonetheless, rice employs different mechanisms of adaptation to iron-toxicity, which range from avoidance to tissue tolerance. The physiological and molecular bases of such mechanisms have not been fully investigated and their use in breeding for iron-toxicity tolerance remains limited. Efforts to precisely characterise iron-toxicity control mechanisms may help speed-up the development of tolerant rice varieties. Considering how far the understanding of iron dynamics in the soil and plants has progressed, we consider it valuable to exploit such knowledge to improve rice tolerance to iron toxicity. Here we present the mechanisms that regulate iron uptake from the rhizosphere to the plant tissues together with the possible regulators involved. In addition, a genetic model for iron-toxicity tolerance in rice, which hypothesises possible modulation of key genes involved in iron nutrition and regulation is presented. The possibility of incorporating such relevant regulators in breeding is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Onaga
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-East and Southern Africa Office, B.P. 5132, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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19
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Malucelli E, Fratini M, Notargiacomo A, Gianoncelli A, Merolle L, Sargenti A, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Lagomarsino S, Iotti S. Where is it and how much? Mapping and quantifying elements in single cells. Analyst 2016; 141:5221-35. [PMID: 27441316 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The biological function of a chemical element in cells not only requires the determination of its intracellular quantity, but also the spatial distribution of its concentration. Different strategies can be employed to quantify and map the intracellular concentration of elements in single cells. The assessment of the intracellular elemental concentration, which is the relevant information, requires the measurement of cell volume. This challenging and demanding task requires combining different techniques allowing gathering of both morphological and compositional information on the same cell. Moreover, the need to analyse samples more similar to their natural state requires complex hardware equipment, and supplementary efforts in preparation protocols. Nevertheless, the response to the question: "where is it and how much?" is worth all these efforts. This review aims at providing an insight into the recent and most advanced techniques and strategies for quantifying and mapping chemical elements in single cells. We describe and discuss indirect detection techniques (label based) which make use of fluorescent dyes, and direct ones (label free), such as particle induced X-ray emission, proton backscattering spectrometry, scanning transmission ion spectrometry, nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, complemented by X-ray imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy.
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20
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Musat N, Musat F, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J. Tracking microbial interactions with NanoSIMS. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:114-121. [PMID: 27419912 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of stable isotope probing (SIP), NanoSIMS imaging and microbe identification via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is often used to link identity to function at the cellular level in microbial communities. Many opportunities remain for nanoSIP to identify metabolic interactions and nutrient fluxes within syntrophic associations and obligate symbioses where exchanges can be extremely rapid. However, additional data, such as genomic potential, gene expression or other imaging modalities are often critical to deciphering the mechanisms underlying specific interactions, and researchers must keep sample preparation artefacts in mind. Here we focus on recent applications of nanoSIP, particularly where used to track exchanges of isotopically labelled molecules between organisms. We highlight metabolic interactions within syntrophic consortia, carbon/nitrogen fluxes between phototrophs and their heterotrophic partners, and symbiont-host nutrient sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niculina Musat
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Florin Musat
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kilian Weber
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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21
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Yuan F, Leng B, Wang B. Progress in Studying Salt Secretion from the Salt Glands in Recretohalophytes: How Do Plants Secrete Salt? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:977. [PMID: 27446195 PMCID: PMC4927796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To survive in a saline environment, halophytes have evolved many strategies to resist salt stress. The salt glands of recretohalophytes are exceptional features for directly secreting salt out of a plant. Knowledge of the pathway(s) of salt secretion in relation to the function of salt glands may help us to change the salt-tolerance of crops and to cultivate the extensive saline lands that are available. Recently, ultrastructural studies of salt glands and the mechanism of salt secretion, particularly the candidate genes involved in salt secretion, have been illustrated in detail. In this review, we summarize current researches on salt gland structure, salt secretion mechanism and candidate genes involved, and provide an overview of the salt secretion pathway and the asymmetric ion transport of the salt gland. A new model recretohalophyte is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal UniversityJi’nan, China
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22
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Kanno S, Cuyas L, Javot H, Bligny R, Gout E, Dartevelle T, Hanchi M, Nakanishi TM, Thibaud MC, Nussaume L. Performance and Limitations of Phosphate Quantification: Guidelines for Plant Biologists. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:690-706. [PMID: 26865660 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) is a macronutrient that is essential for plant life. Several regulatory components involved in Pi homeostasis have been identified, revealing a very high complexity at the cellular and subcellular levels. Determining the Pi content in plants is crucial to understanding this regulation, and short real-time(33)Pi uptake imaging experiments have shown Pi movement to be highly dynamic. Furthermore, gene modulation by Pi is finely controlled by localization of this ion at the tissue as well as the cellular and subcellular levels. Deciphering these regulations requires access to and quantification of the Pi pool in the various plant compartments. This review presents the different techniques available to measure, visualize and trace Pi in plants, with a discussion of the future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kanno
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement des Plantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Vegetale & Microbiologie Environnementale; Aix-Marseille Universite, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi, 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan Biotechnology Research Center, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi, 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Laura Cuyas
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement des Plantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Vegetale & Microbiologie Environnementale; Aix-Marseille Universite, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Hélène Javot
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement des Plantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Vegetale & Microbiologie Environnementale; Aix-Marseille Universite, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Richard Bligny
- CEA, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CEA, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Elisabeth Gout
- CEA, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CEA, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Thibault Dartevelle
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement des Plantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Vegetale & Microbiologie Environnementale; Aix-Marseille Universite, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Mohamed Hanchi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement des Plantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Vegetale & Microbiologie Environnementale; Aix-Marseille Universite, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi, 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Marie-Christine Thibaud
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement des Plantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Vegetale & Microbiologie Environnementale; Aix-Marseille Universite, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement des Plantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Vegetale & Microbiologie Environnementale; Aix-Marseille Universite, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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23
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Jungnickel H, Laux P, Luch A. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS): A New Tool for the Analysis of Toxicological Effects on Single Cell Level. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4010005. [PMID: 29051411 PMCID: PMC5606633 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single cell imaging mass spectrometry opens up a complete new perspective for strategies in toxicological risk assessment and drug discovery. In particular, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) with its high spatial and depth resolution is becoming part of the imaging mass spectrometry toolbox used for single cell analysis. Recent instrumentation advancements in combination with newly developed cluster ion guns allow 3-dimensional reconstruction of single cells together with a spatially resolved compound location and quantification on nanoscale depth level. The exact location and quantification of a single compound or even of a set of compounds is no longer restricted to the two dimensional space within single cells, but is available for voxels, a cube-sized 3-dimensional space, rather than pixels. The information gathered from one voxel is further analysed using multivariate statistical methodology like maximum autocorrelation factors to co-locate the compounds of interest within intracellular organelles like nucleus, mitochondria or golgi apparatus. Furthermore, the cell membrane may be resolved, including adhering compounds and potential changes of the lipid patterns. The generated information can be used further for a first evaluation of intracellular target specifity of new drug candidates or for the toxicological risk assessment of environmental chemicals and their intracellular metabolites. Additionally, single cell lipidomics and metabolomics enable for the first time an in-depth understanding of the activation or inhibition of cellular biosynthesis and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Jungnickel
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Feng ZT, Deng YQ, Zhang SC, Liang X, Yuan F, Hao JL, Zhang JC, Sun SF, Wang BS. K(+) accumulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the salt gland cells of Limonium bicolor accompanies increased rates of salt secretion under NaCl treatment using NanoSIMS. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:286-96. [PMID: 26259195 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recretohalophytes with specialized salt-secreting structures (salt glands) can secrete excess salts from plant, while discriminating between Na(+) and K(+). K(+)/Na(+) ratio plays an important role in plant salt tolerance, but the distribution and role of K(+) in the salt gland cells is poorly understood. In this article, the in situ subcellular localization of K and Na in the salt gland of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor Kuntze is described. Samples were prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF), freeze substitution (FS) and analyzed using NanoSIMS. The salt gland of L. bicolor consists of sixteen cells. Higher signal strength of Na(+) was located in the apoplast of salt gland cells. Compared with control, 200 mM NaCl treatment led to higher signal strength of K(+) and Na(+) in both cytoplasm and nucleus of salt gland cells although K(+)/Na(+) ratio in both cytoplasm and nucleus were slightly reduced by NaCl. Moreover, the rate of Na(+) secretion per salt gland of L. bicolor treated with 200 mM NaCl was five times that of controls. These results suggest that K(+) accumulation both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of salt gland cells under salinity may play an important role in salt secretion, although the exact mechanism is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yun-Quan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Shi-Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jia-Long Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jian-Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shu-Feng Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Bio-Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Bao-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Localization of iron in rice grain using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy and high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Zhao FJ, Moore KL, Lombi E, Zhu YG. Imaging element distribution and speciation in plant cells. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:183-92. [PMID: 24394523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To maintain cellular homeostasis, concentrations, chemical speciation, and localization of mineral nutrients and toxic trace elements need to be regulated. Imaging the cellular and subcellular localization of elements and measuring their in situ chemical speciation are challenging tasks that can be undertaken using synchrotron-based techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectrometry, and mass spectrometry-based techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We review the advantages and limitations of these techniques, and discuss examples of their applications, which have revealed highly heterogeneous distribution patterns of elements in different cell types, often varying in chemical speciation. Combining these techniques with molecular genetic approaches can unravel functions of genes involved in element homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Katie L Moore
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia SA-5095, Australia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Abstract
With its low detection limits and the ability to analyze most of the elements in the periodic table, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) represents one of the most versatile in situ analytical techniques available, and recent developments have resulted in significant advantages for the use of imaging mass spectrometry in biological and biomedical research. Increases in spatial resolution and sensitivity allow detailed interrogation of samples at relevant scales and chemical concentrations. Advances in dynamic SIMS, specifically with the advent of NanoSIMS, now allow the tracking of stable isotopes within biological systems at subcellular length scales, while static SIMS combines subcellular imaging with molecular identification. In this chapter, we present an introduction to the SIMS technique, with particular reference to NanoSIMS, and discuss its application in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt R Kilburn
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Sánchez-Mata D, de la Fuente V, Rufo L, Rodríguez N, Amils R. Localization of nickel in tissues of Streptanthus polygaloides Gray (Cruciferae) and endemic nickel hyperaccumulators from California. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:75-83. [PMID: 24323737 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Streptanthus Nutt. is one of the most important indicators of ultramafic floras in western North America. This genus contains taxa that are endemic or tolerant of ultramafic soils. Streptanthus polygaloides is an annual nickel hyperaccumulator strictly confined to ultramafic soils throughout the Californian Sierra Nevada foothills. Nickel concentration in S. polygaloides populations was evaluated by elemental microanalysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Representative samples of S. polygaloides roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray probe (SEM-EDX). Results show Ni accumulation values between 0.09 and 1.18 %, and a distribution pattern similar to that observed in other Ni hyperaccumulator taxa, with the leaf epidermis accumulating the largest concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sánchez-Mata
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain,
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Moore KL, Chen Y, van de Meene AML, Hughes L, Liu W, Geraki T, Mosselmans F, McGrath SP, Grovenor C, Zhao FJ. Combined NanoSIMS and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence reveal distinct cellular and subcellular distribution patterns of trace elements in rice tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:104-115. [PMID: 24107000 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and subcellular distributions of trace elements can provide important clues to understanding how the elements are transported and stored in plant cells, but mapping their distributions is a challenging task. The distributions of arsenic, iron, zinc, manganese and copper, as well as physiologically related macro-elements, were mapped in the node, internode and leaf sheath of rice (Oryza sativa) using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Although copper and silicon generally showed cell wall localization, arsenic, iron and zinc were strongly localized in the vacuoles of specific cell types. Arsenic was highly localized in the companion cell vacuoles of the phloem in all vascular bundles, showing a strong co-localization with sulfur, consistent with As(III)-thiol complexation. Within the node, zinc was localized in the vacuoles of the parenchyma cell bridge bordering the enlarged and diffuse vascular bundles, whereas iron and manganese were localized in the fundamental parenchyma cells, with iron being strongly co-localized with phosphorus in the vacuoles. The highly heterogeneous and contrasting distribution patterns of these elements imply different transport activities and/or storage capacities among different cell types. Sequestration of arsenic in companion cell vacuoles may explain the limited phloem mobility of arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Moore
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Yi Chen
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Louise Hughes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Wenju Liu
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Tina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Fred Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Chris Grovenor
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Fernando DR, Marshall A, Baker AJM, Mizuno T. Microbeam methodologies as powerful tools in manganese hyperaccumulation research: present status and future directions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:319. [PMID: 23970891 PMCID: PMC3747628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbeam studies over the past decade have garnered unique insight into manganese (Mn) homeostasis in plant species that hyperaccumulate this essential mineral micronutrient. Electron- and/or proton-probe methodologies employed to examine tissue elemental distributions have proven highly effective in illuminating excess foliar Mn disposal strategies, some apparently unique to Mn hyperaccumulating plants. When applied to samples prepared with minimal artefacts, these are powerful tools for extracting true 'snapshot' data of living systems. For a range of reasons, Mn hyperaccumulation is particularly suited to in vivo interrogation by this approach. Whilst microbeam investigation of metallophytes is well documented, certain methods originally intended for non-biological samples are now widely applied in biology. This review examines current knowledge about Mn hyperaccumulators with reference to microbeam methodologies, and discusses implications for future research into metal transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Marshall
- Analytical Electron Microscopy Facility, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan J. M. Baker
- School of Botany, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
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Paul S, Ali N, Sarkar SN, Datta SK, Datta K. Loading and bioavailability of iron in cereal grains. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (PCTOC) 2013; 113:363-373. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-012-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Fernando DR, Marshall AT, Forster PI, Hoebee SE, Siegele R. Multiple metal accumulation within a manganese-specific genus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:690-700. [PMID: 23507734 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plants that strongly accumulate metals may be practically beneficial, and also serve as novel resources for increasing fundamental understanding of plant biology. Australian Gossia (Myrtaceae) species are delineated by a conspicuous affinity for the heavy metal manganese (Mn), which is a micronutrient crucial to photosynthesis. This genus includes several Mn hyperaccumulators such as G. bidwillii. Unusually, in G. bidwillii foliar Mn is most highly concentrated in photosynthetic cells, an observation thus far restricted to foliar-Mn accumulation in Mn hyperaccumulators. Recent discovery that several of these Gossia species accumulate other metals in addition to Mn will enable investigation as to whether primary sequestration of metals in photosynthetic tissues is restricted to Mn. METHODS Gossia species known to accumulate nickel (Ni) or aluminum (Al) in addition to Mn were sampled in the field. Complementary proton- and electron-probe data were combined to evaluate in vivo microdistribution patterns of excessively accumulated foliar metals. KEY RESULTS It was discovered that in addition to Mn and Ni, Gossia fragrantissima accumulated foliar zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co), with Mn, Ni, and Co most highly localized in mesophyll cells and Zn primarily located in the upper epidermis. In G. hillii, Mn and Al were highly concentrated in the palisade and epidermis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This investigation provides evidence that the primary disposal of excess foliar metals in photosynthetic cells is not exclusive to Mn. It offers rare intrageneric perspective on metal compartmentation, pointing to significant variation among tonoplastal metal transporters associated with detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R Fernando
- The Department of Botany, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Eybe T, Audinot JN, Udelhoven T, Lentzen E, El Adib B, Ziebel J, Hoffmann L, Bohn T. Determination of oral uptake and biodistribution of platinum and chromium by the garden snail (Helix aspersa) employing nano-secondary ion mass-spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1829-1838. [PMID: 23062942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heavy metal contamination is a case of concern for both animal and human health. Studying the fate of metals in plant or animal tissues may provide information on pollution. In the present study, we investigated the possibility to follow the biological fate of chromium and platinum uptake in common garden snails (Helix aspersa), typically accumulating high concentrations of metals from their environment. Chromium and platinum were administered orally to snails in 5 groups (n=25/group): control, food contaminated by ca. 2.5 μg g(-1) and 19 μg g(-1) chromium and 2.5 μg g(-1) and 25 μg g(-1) platinum, for 8 weeks. Following exposure, surviving snails were sacrificed, shell and remaining tissue investigated by ICP-MS, and shell, midgut gland and mantle by nano-secondary ion mass-spectrometry (Nano-SIMS). (12)C(14)N-normalized platinum and (40)Ca-normalized chromium measurements indicated highest enrichments in cellular vesicles of the midgut gland, and lower concentrations in mantle and shell, with significantly higher platinum and chromium concentrations in the 2 exposure groups vs. control (P<0.05), with somewhat differing distribution patterns for chromium and platinum. Comparable results were obtained by ICP-MS, with both chromium and platinum fed snails showing drastically elevated concentrations of metals in shell (up to 78 and 122 μg g(-1) dw platinum and chromium, respectively) and in other tissues (up to 200 and 1125 μg g(-1) dw platinum and chromium, respectively). Nano-SIMS allowed for semi-quantitative comparison of metal fate in snail tissues, making this an interesting technique for future studies in the area of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eybe
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Environment and Agro-biotechnologies Department, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Abstract
In order to fully understand the metallomics of an organism, it is essential to know how much metal is present in each cell and, ideally, to know both the spatial and chemical distributions of each metal (i.e., where within the cell is a metal found, and in what chemical form). No single technique provides all of this information. This chapter reviews the various methods that can be used and the strengths and weaknesses of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Penner-Hahn
- Departments of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA,
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Trouillon R, Passarelli MK, Wang J, Kurczy ME, Ewing AG. Chemical Analysis of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2012; 85:522-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303290s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Trouillon
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa K. Passarelli
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fernando DR, Woodrow IE, Baker AJM, Marshall AT. Plant homeostasis of foliar manganese sinks: specific variation in hyperaccumulators. PLANTA 2012; 236:1459-70. [PMID: 22772585 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant manganese (Mn) hyperaccumulation provides unusual insight into homeostasis of this essential micronutrient, in particular its excessive storage in shoot tissues. The compartmentation of hyperaccumulated foliar Mn appears exceptional among metal hyperaccumulators, since it occurs via specific microdistribution patterns. Here, three associated Mn hyperaccumulators, Virotia neurophylla, Maytenus fournieri, and Garcinia amplexicaulis exhibiting distinctly different Mn detoxification strategies were examined. Non-invasive sample preparation in conjunction with cryo scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to obtain in vivo quantitative microprobe X-ray and anatomical data from fully hydrated cells. Highly vacuolated large palisade mesophyll cells in V. neurophylla leaves were found to contain around 650 mM Mn. The large non-photosynthetic hypodermal cells of M. fournieri leaves, also with high vacuolar content, and the main site for Mn disposal, had an estimated mean vacuolar Mn concentration of around 600 mM. Previous qualitative X-ray mapping had shown Mn to be almost evenly sequestered across the entire leaf cross section of G. amplexicaulis. However, quantitative data obtained here showed a marked variation in localised concentrations that ranged between ~15 and >800 mM. Notable among these were mean values of >600 mM in spongy mesophyll cells, and ~800 mM within cells of a narrow sub epidermal layer preceding the palisade mesophyll. This study demonstrated the extraordinary Mn carrying capacities of different types of leaf cell vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R Fernando
- The Department of Botany, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Bassil E, Coku A, Blumwald E. Cellular ion homeostasis: emerging roles of intracellular NHX Na+/H+ antiporters in plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5727-40. [PMID: 22991159 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights novel roles for intracellular Na(+)/H(+) antiporters (NHXs) in plants. The availability of knockouts and overexpressors of specific NHX isoforms has provided compelling genetic evidence to support earlier physiological and biochemical data which suggested the involvement of NHX antiporters in ion and pH regulation. Most plants sequenced to date contain multiple NHX members and, based on their sequence identity and localization, can be grouped into three distinct functional classes: plasma membrane, vacuolar, and endosomal associated. Orthologues of each functional class are represented in all sequenced plant genomes, suggesting conserved and fundamental roles across taxa. In this review we seek to highlight recent findings which demonstrate that intracellular NHX antiporters (i.e. vacuolar and endosomal isoforms) play roles in growth and development, including cell expansion, cell volume regulation, ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, pH regulation, vesicular trafficking, protein processing, cellular stress responses, as well as flowering. A significant new discovery demonstrated that in addition to the better known vacuolar NHX isoforms, plants also contain endosomal NHX isoforms that regulate protein processing and trafficking of cellular cargo. We draw parallels from close orthologues in yeast and mammals and discuss distinctive NHX functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Bassil
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Moore KL, Zhao FJ, Gritsch CS, Tosi P, Hawkesford MJ, McGrath SP, Shewry PR, Grovenor CR. Localisation of iron in wheat grain using high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A single-cell view of ammonium assimilation in coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis. ISME JOURNAL 2012; 6:1314-24. [PMID: 22222466 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen from nutrient-poor tropical seas is an essential challenge for the endosymbiosis between reef-building corals and dinoflagellates. Despite the clear evidence that reef-building corals can use ammonium as inorganic nitrogen source, the dynamics and precise roles of host and symbionts in this fundamental process remain unclear. Here, we combine high spatial resolution ion microprobe imaging (NanoSIMS) and pulse-chase isotopic labeling in order to track the dynamics of ammonium incorporation within the intact symbiosis between the reef-building coral Acropora aspera and its dinoflagellate symbionts. We demonstrate that both dinoflagellate and animal cells have the capacity to rapidly fix nitrogen from seawater enriched in ammonium (in less than one hour). Further, by establishing the relative strengths of the capability to assimilate nitrogen for each cell compartment, we infer that dinoflagellate symbionts can fix 14 to 23 times more nitrogen than their coral host cells in response to a sudden pulse of ammonium-enriched seawater. Given the importance of nitrogen in cell maintenance, growth and functioning, the capability to fix ammonium from seawater into the symbiotic system may be a key component of coral nutrition. Interestingly, this metabolic response appears to be triggered rapidly by episodic nitrogen availability. The methods and results presented in this study open up for the exploration of dynamics and spatial patterns associated with metabolic activities and nutritional interactions in a multitude of organisms that live in symbiotic relationships.
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Wu B, Becker JS. Imaging techniques for elements and element species in plant science. Metallomics 2012; 4:403-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Punshon T, Hirschi K, Yang J, Lanzirotti A, Lai B, Guerinot ML. The role of CAX1 and CAX3 in elemental distribution and abundance in Arabidopsis seed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:352-62. [PMID: 22086421 PMCID: PMC3252103 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.184812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to alter nutrient partitioning within plants cells is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a family of endomembrane cation exchangers (CAXs) transports Ca(2+) and other cations. However, experiments have not focused on how the distribution and partitioning of calcium (Ca) and other elements within seeds are altered by perturbed CAX activity. Here, we investigate Ca distribution and abundance in Arabidopsis seed from cax1 and cax3 loss-of-function lines and lines expressing deregulated CAX1 using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microscopy. We conducted 7- to 10-μm resolution in vivo x-ray microtomography on dry mature seed and 0.2-μm resolution x-ray microscopy on embryos from lines overexpressing deregulated CAX1 (35S-sCAX1) and cax1cax3 double mutants only. Tomograms showed an increased concentration of Ca in both the seed coat and the embryo in cax1, cax3, and cax1cax3 lines compared with the wild type. High-resolution elemental images of the mutants showed that perturbed CAX activity altered Ca partitioning within cells, reducing Ca partitioning into organelles and/or increasing Ca in the cytosol and abolishing tissue-level Ca gradients. In comparison with traditional volume-averaged metal analysis, which confirmed subtle changes in seed elemental composition, the collection of spatially resolved data at varying resolutions provides insight into the impact of altered CAX activity on seed metal distribution and indicates a cell type-specific function of CAX1 and CAX3 in partitioning Ca into organelles. This work highlights a powerful technology for inferring transport function and quantifying nutrient changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Moore KL, Lombi E, Zhao FJ, Grovenor CRM. Elemental imaging at the nanoscale: NanoSIMS and complementary techniques for element localisation in plants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:3263-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tohge T, Ramos MS, Nunes-Nesi A, Mutwil M, Giavalisco P, Steinhauser D, Schellenberg M, Willmitzer L, Persson S, Martinoia E, Fernie AR. Toward the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:1469-82. [PMID: 21949213 PMCID: PMC3252150 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.185710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
While recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in our capacity to identify and quantify an ever-increasing number of plant metabolites, our understanding of how metabolism is spatially regulated is still far from complete. In an attempt to partially address this question, we studied the storage metabolome of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) vacuole. For this purpose, we used highly purified vacuoles isolated by silicon oil centrifugation and compared their metabolome with that found in the mesophyll protoplast from which they were derived. Using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform-mass spectrometry, we were able to detect 59 (primary) metabolites for which we know the exact chemical structure and a further 200 (secondary) metabolites for which we have strong predicted chemical formulae. Taken together, these metabolites comprise amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, shikimate pathway intermediates, vitamins, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids. Of the 259 putative metabolites, some 12 were found exclusively in the vacuole and 34 were found exclusively in the protoplast, while 213 were common in both samples. When analyzed on a quantitative basis, however, there is even more variance, with more than 60 of these compounds being present above the detection limit of our protocols. The combined data were also analyzed with respect to the tonoplast proteome in an attempt to infer specificities of the transporter proteins embedded in this membrane. Following comparison with recent observations made using nonaqueous fractionation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we discuss these data in the context of current models of metabolic compartmentation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (T.T., A.N.-N., M.M., P.G., D.S., L.W., S.P., A.R.F.); Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (M.S.R., M.S., E.M.); Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (M.S.R.); King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (L.W.)
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Moore KL, Schröder M, Wu Z, Martin BGH, Hawes CR, McGrath SP, Hawkesford MJ, Feng Ma J, Zhao FJ, Grovenor CRM. High-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry reveals the contrasting subcellular distribution of arsenic and silicon in rice roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:913-24. [PMID: 21490163 PMCID: PMC3177285 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) takes up arsenite mainly through the silicic acid transport pathway. Understanding the uptake and sequestration of arsenic (As) into the rice plant is important for developing strategies to reduce As concentration in rice grain. In this study, the cellular and subcellular distributions of As and silicon (Si) in rice roots were investigated using high-pressure freezing, high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Rice plants, both the lsi2 mutant lacking the Si/arsenite efflux transporter Lsi2 and its wild-type cultivar, with or without an iron plaque, were treated with arsenate or arsenite. The formation of iron plaque on the root surface resulted in strong accumulation of As and phosphorous on the epidermis. The lsi2 mutant showed stronger As accumulation in the endodermal vacuoles, where the Lsi2 transporter is located in the plasma membranes, than the wild-type line. As also accumulated in the vacuoles of some xylem parenchyma cells and in some pericycle cells, particularly in the wild-type mature root zone. Vacuolar accumulation of As is associated with sulfur, suggesting that As may be stored as arsenite-phytochelatin complexes. Si was localized in the cell walls of the endodermal cells with little apparent effect of the Lsi2 mutation on its distribution. This study reveals the vacuolar sequestration of As in rice roots and contrasting patterns of As and Si subcellular localization, despite both being transported across the plasma membranes by the same transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Moore
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.
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