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Li Z, Sun S, Wang Y, Hua Y, Liu M, Zhou Y, Zhong L, Li T, Zhao H, Zhou X, Zeng X, Chen Q, Li J. PA28γ coordinates the cross-talk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor cells to promote OSCC progression via HDAC1/E2F3/IGF2 signaling. Cancer Lett 2024; 594:216962. [PMID: 38768680 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PA28γ overexpression is aberrant and accompanied by poor patient prognosis in various cancers, the precise regulatory mechanism of this crucial gene in the tumor microenvironment remains incompletely understood. In this study, using oral squamous cell carcinoma as a model, we demonstrated that PA28γ exhibits high expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and its expression significantly correlates with the severity of clinical indicators of malignancy. Remarkably, we found that elevated levels of secreted IGF2 from PA28γ+ CAFs can enhance stemness maintenance and promote tumor cell aggressiveness through the activation of the MAPK/AKT pathway in a paracrine manner. Mechanistically, PA28γ upregulates IGF2 expression by stabilizing the E2F3 protein, a transcription factor of IGF2. Further mechanistic insights reveal that HDAC1 predominantly mediates the deacetylation and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of E2F3. Notably, PA28γ interacts with HDAC1 and accelerates its degradation via a 20S proteasome-dependent pathway. Additionally, PA28γ+ CAFs exert an impact on the tumor immune microenvironment by secreting IGF2. Excitingly, our study suggests that targeting PA28γ+ CAFs or secreted IGF2 could increase the efficacy of PD-L1 therapy. Thus, our findings reveal the pivotal role of PA28γ in cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment and propose novel strategies for augmenting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Silu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Taiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Scalia P, Williams SJ, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Giordano A. Cell cycle control by the insulin-like growth factor signal: at the crossroad between cell growth and mitotic regulation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1-37. [PMID: 36005738 PMCID: PMC9769454 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In proliferating cells and tissues a number of checkpoints (G1/S and G2/M) preceding cell division (M-phase) require the signal provided by growth factors present in serum. IGFs (I and II) have been demonstrated to constitute key intrinsic components of the peptidic active fraction of mammalian serum. In vivo genetic ablation studies have shown that the cellular signal triggered by the IGFs through their cellular receptors represents a non-replaceable requirement for cell growth and cell cycle progression. Retroactive and current evaluation of published literature sheds light on the intracellular circuitry activated by these factors providing us with a better picture of the pleiotropic mechanistic actions by which IGFs regulate both cell size and mitogenesis under developmental growth as well as in malignant proliferation. The present work aims to summarize the cumulative knowledge learned from the IGF ligands/receptors and their intracellular signaling transducers towards control of cell size and cell-cycle with particular focus to their actionable circuits in human cancer. Furthermore, we bring novel perspectives on key functional discriminants of the IGF growth-mitogenic pathway allowing re-evaluation on some of its signal components based upon established evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states,CONTACT Pierluigi Scalia ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA9102, USA
| | - Stephen J Williams
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states
| | - Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,School of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Italy
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3
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Afradiasbagharani P, Hosseini E, Allahveisi A, Bazrafkan M. The insulin-like growth factor and its players: their functions, significance, and consequences in all aspects of ovarian physiology. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) has unique and well-known functions in female fertility, according to documents reporting improved yield of oocytes, reinforced quality of the embryo, and enhanced live births with simultaneous reduction of miscarriage. However, there is no detailed information on the bio-mechanisms linking such clinical differences.
Main body
IGF and its receptors are expressed in a variety of tissues in the reproductive system such as granulosa cells, oocytes, and theca cells. Hence, the development of female gametes may be directly regulated by IGF, thereby affecting gamete quality and so its competence for implantation. IGF is a central player in changing the fate of cells during survival and proliferation through the modulation of leading signaling pathways, including Jak/STAT, MAP kinase/ERK, and PI3K/Akt, and subsequent impacts on steroidogenesis and cell division.
Conclusion
The current review aims to scrutinize the performance of IGF to regulate the normal ovarian, and its impacts on cell signaling pathways and resulting alterations in steroidogenesis and cell proliferation. The function of IGF and its receptor has been reviewed in female fertility at both molecular and biochemical levels.
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Nehme A, Ghahramanpouri M, Ahmed I, Golsorkhi M, Thomas N, Munoz K, Abdipour A, Tang X, Wilson SM, Wasnik S, Baylink DJ. Combination therapy of insulin-like growth factor I and BTP-2 markedly improves lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22444. [PMID: 35839071 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200227rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a common disease without effective therapy in humans. We sought to evaluate a combination therapy of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and BTP-2 in a mouse liver injury model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We chose this model because LPS is known to increase the expression of the transcription factors related to systemic inflammation (i.e., NFκB, CREB, AP1, IRF 3, and NFAT), which depends on calcium signaling. Notably, these transcription factors all have pleiotropic effects and account for the other observed changes in tissue damage parameters. Additionally, LPS is also known to increase the genes associated with a tissue injury (e.g., NGAL, SOD, caspase 3, and type 1 collagen) and systemic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, LPS compromises vascular integrity. Accordingly, IGF-I was selected because its serum levels were shown to decrease during systemic inflammation. BTP-2 was chosen because it was known to decrease cytosolic calcium, which is increased by LPS. This current study showed that IGF-I, BTP-2, or a combination therapy significantly altered and normalized all of the aforementioned LPS-induced gene changes. Additionally, our therapies reduced the vascular leakage caused by LPS, as evidenced by the Evans blue dye technique. Furthermore, histopathologic studies showed that IGF-I decreased the proportion of hepatocytes with ballooning degeneration. Finally, IGF-I also increased the expression of the hepatic growth factor (HGF) and the receptor for the epidermal growth factor (EGFR), markers of liver regeneration. Collectively, our data suggest that a combination of IGF-I and BTP-2 is a promising therapy for acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Nehme
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Mahdis Ghahramanpouri
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Iqbal Ahmed
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Mohadese Golsorkhi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | | | - Kevin Munoz
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Amir Abdipour
- Division of Nephrology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Sean M Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Samiksha Wasnik
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - David J Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Taylor AM, Sun JM, Yu A, Voicu H, Shen J, Barkauskas DA, Triche TJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Man TK, Lau CC. Integrated DNA Copy Number and Expression Profiling Identifies IGF1R as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pediatric Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148036. [PMID: 35887382 PMCID: PMC9319262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor arising from bone-forming mesenchymal cells in children and adolescents. Despite efforts to understand the biology of the disease and identify novel therapeutics, the survival of osteosarcoma patients remains dismal. We have concurrently profiled the copy number and gene expression of 226 osteosarcoma samples as part of the Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures (SPECS) initiative. Our results demonstrate the heterogeneous landscape of osteosarcoma in younger populations by showing the presence of genome-wide copy number abnormalities occurring both recurrently among samples and in a high frequency. Insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which binds IGF1 and IGF2 to activate downstream pathways involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation. We identify prevalent amplification of IGF1R corresponding with increased gene expression in patients with poor survival outcomes. Our results substantiate previously tenuously associated copy number abnormalities identified in smaller datasets (13q34+, 20p13+, 4q35-, 20q13.33-), and indicate the significance of high fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) expression in distinguishing patients with poor prognosis. FGFR2 is involved in cellular proliferation processes such as division, growth and angiogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrate the prognostic significance of several genes associated with osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Taylor
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiayi M. Sun
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Horatiu Voicu
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | | | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ching C. Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-207-288-6000
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The insulin receptor family in the heart: new light on old insights. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231495. [PMID: 35766350 PMCID: PMC9297685 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin was discovered over 100 years ago. Whilst the first half century defined many of the physiological effects of insulin, the second emphasised the mechanisms by which it elicits these effects, implicating a vast array of G proteins and their regulators, lipid and protein kinases and counteracting phosphatases, and more. Potential growth-promoting and protective effects of insulin on the heart emerged from studies of carbohydrate metabolism in the 1960s, but the insulin receptors (and the related receptor for insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2) were not defined until the 1980s. A related third receptor, the insulin receptor-related receptor remained an orphan receptor for many years until it was identified as an alkali-sensor. The mechanisms by which these receptors and the plethora of downstream signalling molecules confer cardioprotection remain elusive. Here, we review important aspects of the effects of the three insulin receptor family members in the heart. Metabolic studies are set in the context of what is now known of insulin receptor family signalling and the role of protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), and the relationship between this and cardiomyocyte survival versus death is discussed. PKB/Akt phosphorylates numerous substrates with potential for cardioprotection in the contractile cardiomyocytes and cardiac non-myocytes. Our overall conclusion is that the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism that were initially identified remain highly pertinent in managing cardiomyocyte energetics and preservation of function. This alone provides a high level of cardioprotection in the face of pathophysiological stressors such as ischaemia and myocardial infarction.
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Thirunavukkarasar R, Kumar P, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Harikrishna V, Singha KP, Shamna N, Jacob J, Krishna G. Protein-sparing effect of dietary lipid: Changes in growth, nutrient utilization, digestion and IGF-I and IGFBP-I expression of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT), reared in Inland Ground Saline Water. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Mohamed AA, Hassnine A, Elsayed A, Montaser M, Ismail Y, El-Demery A, Sultan E, Abdel Aziz RS, Eldemiry E, Hagag R, El-Kholy AA, Salah E. Isotretinoin Induced Hyperlipidemia and Impact of Leptin Gene rs 7799039 Polymorphism in Safety of Acne Patients. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 14:1679-1687. [PMID: 34992430 PMCID: PMC8714009 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s341723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit. Leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms is associated with higher risk of multiple disorders. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) exerts comedogenic effect by stimulating the sebaceous glands. Isotretinoin is an effective oral therapy for AV with many side effects including hyperlipidemia and increased serum levels of liver enzymes. Purpose To evaluate the impact of LEP gene rs7799039 polymorphism in acne patients' clinical response lipid profile and liver enzymes following 6 months oral isotretinoin therapy in Egyptian AV patients. Methods One hundred eligible AV patients received 0.5 mg/kg oral isotretinoin for 6 months. Patients' demographics and clinical data were obtained. Body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, liver enzymes and IGF-1 were measured at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. Genotyping was done for LEP gene rs 7799039. Results Six month administration of oral isotretinoin in Egyptian AV patients is associated with significantly elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) in CC and AC genotypes (P<0.001). Significant alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was observed in CC, AC and AA genotypes (P <0.001, 0.004, 0.002, respectively). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were elevated significantly P<0.001) in the three genotypes. IGF-1 was decreased significantly in CC and AC genotypes (P<0.001). CC genotype is associated with highest response (P<0.001). Conclusion LEP rs7799039 gene had an impact on the clinical response, lipid profile and liver enzymes in AV patients treated with oral isotretinoin. LEP rs7799039 CC genotype is predicted to be the treatment candidate for 6 month oral isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Mohamed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology & Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshymaa Hassnine
- Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amr Elsayed
- Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Montaser
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen Ismail
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Demery
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Eman Sultan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania S Abdel Aziz
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Eldemiry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Fellow of Clinical Pharmacology, Cairo University Hospitals, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Hagag
- Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shalaby MN, Sakoury MMA, Abdi E, Elgamal S, Elrkbwey S, Ramadan W, Taiar R. The Impact of Resistance Training on Gene Expression of IGF1 and Athletes’ Physiological Parameters. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of a resistance training program for 8 weeks on IGF1, gene expression, and physical performance in male student-athletes.
METHODS: The population of this study was 20 male students divided to two equal groups. The parameters estimated were IGF1, gene expression, and muscle strength testing. Blood was drawn to verify the concentration of the variables, using kits and Elisa method in addition to the PCR technique.
RESULTS: The results revealed that a significant increase in IGF1, gene expression was different between students. Furthermore, muscle strength testing revealed significant changes.
CONCLUSION: The results suggested that resistance training program may impact fitness and muscle strength as well the anabolic activity through IGF1 increase accompanied by varied gene expressions.
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Zhang T, Yuan K, Wang Y, Xu M, Cai S, Chen C, Ma J. Identification of Candidate Biomarkers and Prognostic Analysis in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652354. [PMID: 34422629 PMCID: PMC8371911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, has a high mortality rate, especially for patients with CRC liver metastasis (CLM). However, CLM pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods We integrated multiple cohort datasets and databases to clarify and verify potential key candidate biomarkers and signal transduction pathways in CLM. GEO2R, DAVID 6.8, ImageGP, STRING, UALCAN, ONCOMINE, THE HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS, GEPIA 2.0, cBioPortal, TIMER 2.0, DRUGSURV, CRN, GSEA 4.0.3, FUNRICH 3.1.3 and R 4.0.3 were utilized in this study. Results Sixty-three pairs of matched colorectal primary cancer and liver metastatic gene expression profiles were screened from three gene expression profiles (GSE6988, GSE14297 and GSE81558). Thirty-one up-regulated genes and four down-regulated genes were identified from these three gene expression profiles and verified by another gene expression profiles (GSE 49355) and TCGA database. Two pathways (IGFBP-IGF signaling pathway and complement-coagulation cascade), eighteen key differentially expressed genes (DEGs), six hub genes (SPARCL1, CDH2, CP, HP, TF and SERPINA5) and two biomarkers (CDH2 and SPARCL1) with significantly prognostic values were screened by multi-omics data analysis and verified by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Conclusions In this study, we identified a robust set of potential candidate biomarkers in CLM, which would provide potential value for early diagnosis and prognosis, and would promote molecular targeting therapy for CRC and CLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitao Yuan
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingzhao Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingze Xu
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Ma
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Veenstra JA. Ambulacrarian insulin-related peptides and their putative receptors suggest how insulin and similar peptides may have evolved from insulin-like growth factor. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11799. [PMID: 34316411 PMCID: PMC8286064 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some insulin/IGF-related peptides (irps) stimulate a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that transfers the extracellular hormonal signal into an intracellular response. Other irps, such as relaxin, do not use an RTK, but a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). This is unusual since evolutionarily related hormones typically either use the same or paralogous receptors. In arthropods three different irps, i.e. arthropod IGF, gonadulin and Drosophila insulin-like peptide 7 (dilp7), likely evolved from a gene triplication, as in several species genes encoding these three peptides are located next to one another on the same chromosomal fragment. These arthropod irps have homologs in vertebrates, suggesting that the initial gene triplication was perhaps already present in the last common ancestor of deuterostomes and protostomes. It would be interesting to know whether this is indeed so and how insulin might be related to this trio of irps. Methodology Genes encoding irps as well as their putative receptors were identified in genomes and transcriptomes from echinoderms and hemichordates. Results A similar triplet of genes coding for irps also occurs in some ambulacrarians. Two of these are orthologs of arthropod IGF and dilp7 and the third is likely a gonadulin ortholog. In echinoderms, two novel irps emerged, gonad stimulating substance (GSS) and multinsulin, likely from gene duplications of the IGF and dilp7-like genes respectively. The structures of GSS diverged considerably from IGF, which would suggest they use different receptors from IGF, but no novel irp receptors evolved. If IGF and GSS use different receptors, and the evolution of GSS from a gene duplication of IGF is not associated with the appearance of a novel receptor, while irps are known to use two different types of receptors, the ancestor of GSS and IGF might have acted on both types of receptors while one or both of its descendants act on only one. There are three ambulacrarian GPCRs that have amino acid sequences suggestive of being irp GPCRs, two of these are orthologs of the gonadulin and dilp7 receptors. This suggests that the third might be an IGF receptor, and that by deduction, GSS only acts on the RTK. The evolution of GSS from IGF may represent a pattern, where IGF gene duplications lead to novel genes coding for shorter peptides that activate an RTK. It is likely this is how insulin and the insect neuroendocrine irps evolved independently from IGF. Conclusion The local gene triplication described from arthropods that yielded three genes encoding irps was already present in the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes. It seems plausible that irps, such as those produced by neuroendocrine cells in the brain of insects and echinoderm GSS evolved independently from IGF and, thus, are not true orthologs, but the result of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Veenstra
- INCIA UMR 5287 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, Gironde, France
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Signaling in Glucose Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126434. [PMID: 34208601 PMCID: PMC8234711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common aggressive carcinoma types worldwide, characterized by unfavorable curative effect and poor prognosis. Epidemiological data re-vealed that CRC risk is increased in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its serum components (e.g., hyperglycemia). High glycemic index diets, which chronically raise post-prandial blood glucose, may at least in part increase colon cancer risk via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms linking IGF-1 and MetS are still poorly understood. Hyperactivated glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) are considered as a one of six hallmarks of cancer, including CRC. However, the role of insulin/IGF-1 signaling during the acquisition of the Warburg metabolic phenotypes by CRC cells is still poorly understood. It most likely results from the interaction of multiple processes, directly or indirectly regulated by IGF-1, such as activation of PI3K/Akt/mTORC, and Raf/MAPK signaling pathways, activation of glucose transporters (e.g., GLUT1), activation of key glycolytic enzymes (e.g., LDHA, LDH5, HK II, and PFKFB3), aberrant expression of the oncogenes (e.g., MYC, and KRAS) and/or overexpression of signaling proteins (e.g., HIF-1, TGF-β1, PI3K, ERK, Akt, and mTOR). This review describes the role of IGF-1 in glucose metabolism in physiology and colorectal carcinogenesis, including the role of the insulin/IGF system in the Warburg effect. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies aimed at repairing impaired glucose metabolism in CRC are indicated.
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Nadella KS, Berthon A, Almeida MQ, Levy I, Faucz FR, Stratakis CA. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression in adrenocortical disease due to PRKAR1A mutations compared to other benign adrenal tumors. Endocrine 2021; 72:823-834. [PMID: 33420948 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2), a key regulator of cell growth and development, is tightly regulated in its expression by epigenetic control that maintains its monoallelic expression in most tissues. Biallelic expression of IGF2 resulting from loss of imprinting (LOI) has been reported in adrenocortical tumors. In this study, we wanted to check whether adrenocortical lesions due to PRKAR1A mutations lead to increased IGF2 expression from LOI and compare these findings to those in other benign adrenal lesions. METHODS We compared the expression of IGF2 by RNA and protein studies in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) caused by PRKAR1A gene mutations to that in primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH) and cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA) that did not have any mutations in known genes. We also checked LOI in all lesions by DNA allelic studies and the expression of other components of IGF2 signaling at the RNA and protein level. RESULTS We identified cell clusters overexpressing IGF2 in PPNAD; although immunostaining was patchy, overall, by RNA and immunoblotting PPNAD expressed high IGF2 message and protein. However, this was not due to LOI, as there was no correlation between IGF2 expression and the presence of LOI. CONCLUSIONS Our data pointed to over-expression of IGF2 protein in PPNAD compared to other benign adrenocortical lesions, such as PMAH and CPA. However, there was no correlation of IGF2 mRNA levels with LOI of IGF2/H19. The discrepancy between mRNA and protein levels with regards to LOI points, perhaps, to different control of IGF2 gene expression in PPNAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Nadella
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology (SEGEN), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology (SEGEN), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Madson Q Almeida
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology (SEGEN), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isaac Levy
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology (SEGEN), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology (SEGEN), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology (SEGEN), Intramural Research Program (IRP), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Munoz K, Wasnik S, Abdipour A, Bi H, Wilson SM, Tang X, Ghahramanpouri M, Baylink DJ. The Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and BTP-2 on Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105244. [PMID: 34063554 PMCID: PMC8170877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) afflicts approximately 200,000 patients annually and has a 40% mortality rate. The COVID-19 pandemic has massively increased the rate of ALI incidence. The pathogenesis of ALI involves tissue damage from invading microbes and, in severe cases, the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). This study aimed to develop a therapy to normalize the excess production of inflammatory cytokines and promote tissue repair in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Based on our previous studies, we tested the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and BTP-2 therapies. IGF-I was selected, because we and others have shown that elevated inflammatory cytokines suppress the expression of growth hormone receptors in the liver, leading to a decrease in the circulating IGF-I. IGF-I is a growth factor that increases vascular protection, enhances tissue repair, and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is also required to produce anti-inflammatory 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. BTP-2, an inhibitor of cytosolic calcium, was used to suppress the LPS-induced increase in cytosolic calcium, which otherwise leads to an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. We showed that LPS increased the expression of the primary inflammatory mediators such as toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4), IL-1β, interleukin-17 (IL-17), TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which were normalized by the IGF-I + BTP-2 dual therapy in the lungs, along with improved vascular gene expression markers. The histologic lung injury score was markedly elevated by LPS and reduced to normal by the combination therapy. In conclusion, the LPS-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines, vascular injuries, and lung injuries were all improved by IGF-I + BTP-2 combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Munoz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (K.M.); (S.W.); (A.A.); (X.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Samiksha Wasnik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (K.M.); (S.W.); (A.A.); (X.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Amir Abdipour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (K.M.); (S.W.); (A.A.); (X.T.); (M.G.)
- Division of Nephrology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hongzheng Bi
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
| | - Sean M. Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (K.M.); (S.W.); (A.A.); (X.T.); (M.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
| | - Mahdis Ghahramanpouri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (K.M.); (S.W.); (A.A.); (X.T.); (M.G.)
| | - David J. Baylink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (K.M.); (S.W.); (A.A.); (X.T.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +909-558-4000-49796; Fax: +(909)-558-0428
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Gui W, Zhu Y, Sun S, Zhu W, Tan B, Zhao H, Shang C, Zheng F, Lin X, Li H. Knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 2 gene disrupts mitochondrial functions in the liver. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:mjab030. [PMID: 33988719 PMCID: PMC8697341 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been reported to be overexpressed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its role in the progression of NAFLD and the potential mechanism remain largely unclear. Using in vitro models, we found that IGF2 was the key overexpressed gene in steatosis, suggesting a possible association between IGF2 and NAFLD. Interestingly, loss-of-function experiments revealed that inhibition of IGF2 protein impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. It additionally disrupted the expression changes of mitochondrial fusion and fission-related proteins necessary in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Consistently, IGF2 knockdown reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, IGF2 regulates mitochondrial functions by modulating the expression of SIRT1 and its downstream gene PGC1α. This research opens a new frontier on the role of IGF2 in energy metabolism, which potentially participates in the development of NAFLD. As such, IGF2 is a potential therapeutic target against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking
Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing,
China
| | - Shuiya Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Tan
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang
Province, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dual Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6657785. [PMID: 33860062 PMCID: PMC8024059 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines and growth factors involved in the tissue inflammatory process influence the outcome of Leishmania infection. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) constitutively present in the skin may participate in the inflammatory process and parasite-host interaction. Previous work has shown that preincubation of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis with recombinant IGF-I induces accelerated lesion development. However, in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) pathogenesis, it is more relevant to the persistent inflammatory process than progressive parasite proliferation. In this context, we aimed to investigate whether IGF-I was present in the CL lesions and if this factor may influence the lesions' development acting on parasite growth and/or on the inflammatory/healing process. Methodology. Fifty-one CL patients' skin lesion samples from endemic area of L. (Viannia) braziliensis infection were submitted to histopathological analysis and searched for Leishmania and IGF-I expression by immunohistochemistry. Results In human CL lesions, IGF-I was observed preferentially in the late lesion (more than 90 days), and the percentage of positive area for IGF-I was positively correlated with duration of illness (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). IGF-I was highly expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate of CL lesions from patients evolving with good response to therapy (2.8% ± 2.1%; median = 2.1%; n = 18) than poor responders (1.3% ± 1.1%; median: 1.05%; n = 6; P < 0.05). Conclusions It is the first time that IGF-I was detected in lesions of infectious cutaneous disease, specifically in American tegumentary leishmaniasis. IGF-I was related to chronicity and good response to treatment. We may relate this finding to the efficient anti-inflammatory response and the known action of IGF-I in wound repair. The present data highlight the importance of searching nonspecific factors besides adaptive immune elements in the study of leishmaniasis' pathogenesis.
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Ngo MHT, Jeng HY, Kuo YC, Nanda JD, Brahmadhi A, Ling TY, Chang TS, Huang YH. The Role of IGF/IGF-1R Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinomas: Stemness-Related Properties and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041931. [PMID: 33669204 PMCID: PMC7919800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)/IGF-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) signaling is known to regulate stem cell pluripotency and differentiation to trigger cell proliferation, organ development, and tissue regeneration during embryonic development. Unbalanced IGF/IGF-1R signaling can promote cancer cell proliferation and activate cancer reprogramming in tumor tissues, especially in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, with a high incidence and mortality rate in Asia. Most patients with advanced HCC develop tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-refractoriness after receiving TKI treatment. Dysregulation of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in HCC may activate expression of cancer stemness that leads to TKI refractoriness and tumor recurrence. In this review, we summarize the evidence for dysregulated IGF/IGF-1R signaling especially in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC. The regulation of cancer stemness expression and drug resistance will be highlighted. Current clinical treatments and potential therapies targeting IGF/IGF-1R signaling for the treatment of HCC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Huong Thi Ngo
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.N.); (J.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yin Jeng
- Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-C.K.)
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-C.K.)
| | - Josephine Diony Nanda
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.N.); (J.D.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Ageng Brahmadhi
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.N.); (J.D.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Thai-Yen Ling
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (T.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 8-8322) (T.-Y.L.); +886-5-3621-000 (ext. 2242) (T.-S.C.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (T.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 8-8322) (T.-Y.L.); +886-5-3621-000 (ext. 2242) (T.-S.C.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.N.); (J.D.N.); (A.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-C.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (T.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 8-8322) (T.-Y.L.); +886-5-3621-000 (ext. 2242) (T.-S.C.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3150) (Y.-H.H.)
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Wu L, Zhang G, Guo C, Pan Y. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling mediates IGF-1-induced osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:200-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone elongation is a complex process driven by multiple intrinsic (hormones, growth factors) and extrinsic (nutrition, environment) variables. Bones grow in length by endochondral ossification in cartilaginous growth plates at ends of developing long bones. This review provides an updated overview of the important factors that influence this process. RECENT FINDINGS Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the major hormone required for growth and a drug for treating pediatric skeletal disorders. Temperature is an underrecognized environmental variable that also impacts linear growth. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the interaction of IGF-1 and environmental factors on bone elongation. Understanding how internal and external variables regulate bone lengthening is essential for developing and improving treatments for an array of bone elongation disorders. Future studies may benefit from understanding how these unique relationships could offer realistic new approaches for increasing bone length in different growth-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Racine
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, 26074, USA
| | - Maria A Serrat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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Grover A, Crippen-Harmon D, Nave L, Vincelette J, Wait JCM, Melton AC, Lawrence R, Brown JR, Webster KA, Yip BK, Baridon B, Vitelli C, Rigney S, Christianson TM, Tiger PMN, Lo MJ, Holtzinger J, Shaywitz AJ, Crawford BE, Fitzpatrick PA, LeBowitz JH, Bullens S, Aoyagi-Scharber M, Bunting S, O'Neill CA, Pinkstaff J, Bagri A. Translational studies of intravenous and intracerebroventricular routes of administration for CNS cellular biodistribution for BMN 250, an enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of Sanfilippo type B. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:425-439. [PMID: 31942701 PMCID: PMC7066106 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BMN 250 is being developed as enzyme replacement therapy for Sanfilippo type B, a primarily neurological rare disease, in which patients have deficient lysosomal alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) enzyme activity. BMN 250 is taken up in target cells by the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR, insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor), which then facilitates transit to the lysosome. BMN 250 is dosed directly into the central nervous system via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route, and the objective of this work was to compare systemic intravenous (IV) and ICV delivery of BMN 250 to confirm the value of ICV dosing. We first assess the ability of enzyme to cross a potentially compromised blood-brain barrier in the Naglu-/- mouse model and then assess the potential for CI-MPR to be employed for receptor-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier. In wild-type and Naglu-/- mice, CI-MPR expression in brain vasculature is high during the neonatal period but virtually absent by adolescence. In contrast, CI-MPR remains expressed through adolescence in non-affected non-human primate and human brain vasculature. Combined results from IV administration of BMN 250 in Naglu-/- mice and IV and ICV administration in healthy juvenile non-human primates suggest a limitation to therapeutic benefit from IV administration because enzyme distribution is restricted to brain vascular endothelial cells: enzyme does not reach target neuronal cells following IV administration, and pharmacological response following IV administration is likely restricted to clearance of substrate in endothelial cells. In contrast, ICV administration enables central nervous system enzyme replacement with biodistribution to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Grover
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | | | - Lacey Nave
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Jon Vincelette
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Jill C M Wait
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Andrew C Melton
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Roger Lawrence
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Jillian R Brown
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | | | - Bryan K Yip
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Brian Baridon
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Catherine Vitelli
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Sara Rigney
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | | | - Pascale M N Tiger
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Melanie J Lo
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - John Holtzinger
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Adam J Shaywitz
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Brett E Crawford
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | | | | | - Sherry Bullens
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | | | - Stuart Bunting
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Charles A O'Neill
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA.
| | - Jason Pinkstaff
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Anil Bagri
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
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Sowa Y, Kishida T, Tomita K, Adachi T, Numajiri T, Mazda O. Involvement of PDGF-BB and IGF-1 in Activation of Human Schwann Cells by Platelet-Rich Plasma. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:1025e-1036e. [PMID: 31764650 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma contains high concentrations of growth factors that stimulate proliferation and migration of various cell types. Earlier experiments demonstrated that local platelet-rich plasma administration activates Schwann cells to improve axonal regeneration at a transected peripheral nerve lesion. However, the optimal concentration of human platelet-rich plasma for activation of human Schwann cells has not been determined, and mechanisms by which platelet-rich plasma activates Schwann cells remain to be clarified. METHODS Human Schwann cells were cultured with various concentrations of platelet-rich plasma in 5% fetal bovine serum/Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Cell viability, microchemotaxis, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to assess proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and neurotrophic factor expression of the human Schwann cells, respectively. Human Schwann cells were co-cultured with neuronal cells to assess their capacity to induce neurite extension. Neutralizing antibodies for platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were added to the culture to estimate contribution of these cytokines to human Schwann cell stimulation by platelet-rich plasma. RESULTS An addition of platelet-rich plasma at 5% strongly elevated proliferation, migration, and neurotrophic factor production of human Schwann cells. Both PDGF-BB and IGF-1 may be involved in mitogenic effect of platelet-rich plasma on human Schwann cells, and PDGF-BB may also play an important role in the migration-inducing effect of platelet-rich plasma. Neutralization of both PDGF-BB and IGF-1 cancelled the promoting effect of platelet-rich plasma on neurite-inducing activity of human Schwann cells. CONCLUSION This study may suggest the optimal concentration of platelet-rich plasma for human Schwann cell stimulation and potential mechanisms underlying the activation of human Schwann cells by platelet-rich plasma, which may be quite useful for platelet-rich plasma therapy for peripheral nerve regeneration. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sowa
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Koichi Tomita
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Toshiaki Numajiri
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Osam Mazda
- From the Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Immunology, and Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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Mao R, Chen Y, Chi Z, Wang Y. Insulin and its single-chain analogue. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8737-8751. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kasprzak A, Adamek A. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) Signaling in Colorectal Cancer-From Basic Research to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194915. [PMID: 31623387 PMCID: PMC6801528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in men and women worldwide as well as is the leading cause of death in the western world. Almost a third of the patients has or will develop liver metastases. While genetic as well as epigenetic mechanisms are important in CRC pathogenesis, the basis of the most cases of cancer is unknown. High spatial and inter-patient variability of the molecular alterations qualifies this cancer in the group of highly heterogeneous tumors, which makes it harder to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CRC progression. Determination of highly sensitive and specific early diagnosis markers and understanding the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) of cancer progression are still a challenge of the current era in oncology of solid tumors. One of the accepted risk factors for CRC development is overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a 7.5-kDa peptide produced by liver and many other tissues. IGF2 is the first gene discovered to be parentally imprinted. Loss of imprinting (LOI) or aberrant imprinting of IGF2 could lead to IGF2 overexpression, increased cell proliferation, and CRC development. IGF2 as a mitogen is associated with increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. Higher serum IGF2 concentration as well as its tissue overexpression in CRC compared to control are associated with metastasis. IGF2 protein was one of the three candidates for a selective marker of CRC progression and staging. Recent research indicates dysregulation of different micro- and long non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs, respectively) embedded within the IGF2 gene in CRC carcinogenesis, with some of them indicated as potential diagnostic and prognostic CRC biomarkers. This review systematises the knowledge on the role of genetic and epigenetic instabilities of IGF2 gene, free (active form of IGF2) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) bound (inactive form), paracrine/autocrine secretion of IGF2, as well as mechanisms of inducing dysplasia in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. We have tried to answer which molecular changes of the IGF2 gene and its regulatory mechanisms have the most significance in initiation, progression (including liver metastasis), prognosis, and potential anti-IGF2 therapy in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Adamek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska Street 3, 61-285 Poznan, Poland.
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Yücel ÇY, Erden G, Yılmaz FM, Sezer S, Çalcı E. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels and their correlations with carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer patients. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gönül Erden
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Biochemistry Clinic, Turkey
| | - Fatma Meriç Yılmaz
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Sezer
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Biochemistry Clinic, Turkey
| | - Esin Çalcı
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Biochemistry Clinic, Turkey
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25
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Castro-Arnau J, Marín A, Castells M, Ferrer I, Maestro JL. The expression of cockroach insulin-like peptides is differentially regulated by physiological conditions and affected by compensatory regulation. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 114:57-67. [PMID: 30822409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In insects, the insulin receptor (InR) pathway is involved in regulating key physiological processes, including juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis, vitellogenin production, and oocyte growth. This raises the question about which ligand (or ligands) binds to InR to trigger the above effects. We have cloned seven insulin-like peptides (BgILP1 to 7) from female Blattella germanica cockroaches and found that the brain expresses BgILP1 to 6, the fat body BgILP7, and the ovary BgILP2. Starvation induces the reduction of BgILP3, 5, and 6 mRNA levels in the brain, and the various BgILPs are differentially expressed during the gonadotrophic cycle. In addition, by knocking down the BgILPs we were able to identify compensatory regulation at transcriptional level between the different BgILPs, although none of the BgILP knockdown assays, including the knockdown of the seven BgILPs, produced the same phenotypes that we achieved by depleting InR. Taken together, the results indicate that B. germanica ILPs are differentially expressed in tissues and in response to physiological conditions, and that they are affected by compensatory regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Castro-Arnau
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainoa Marín
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Castells
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iamil Ferrer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Maestro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Emamipour N, Vossoughi M, Mahboudi F, Golkar M, Fard-Esfahani P. Soluble expression of IGF1 fused to DsbA in SHuffle™ T7 strain: optimization of expression and purification by Box-Behnken design. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3393-3406. [PMID: 30868206 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in Escherichia coli mostly results in the formation of inclusion bodies. In the present study, IGF1 was fused to disulfide bond oxidoreductase A (DsbA) and expressed in SHuffle™ T7 strain, in order to obtain correctly folded protein. Soluble expression and IMAC purification of DsbA-IGF1 were optimized by applying the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. The optimization greatly increased concentration of soluble protein from 317 to 2600 mg/L, and IMAC yield from 400 to 1900 mg/L. Results of ANOVA showed induction OD600 and temperature had significant effects on the soluble protein expression while isopropyl-β-d thiogalactoside, in the concentrations tested, displayed no significant effect. Moreover, the three parameters of the binding buffer including, pH, concentration of NaCl, and imidazole displayed significant effects on the IMAC yield. Then, purified DsbA-IGF1 was cleaved by human rhinovirus 3C protease, and authentic IGF1 was obtained in flow through of a subtractive IMAC. Final polishing of the protein by reversed-phase HPLC yielded IGF1 with purity of 96%. The quality attributes of purified IGF1 such as purity, identity, molecular size, molecular weight, secondary structure, and biological activity were assessed and showed to be comparable to the standard IGF1. The final yield of purified IGF1 was estimated to be 120 ± 18 mg from 1 L of the culture. Our results demonstrated a simple and easily scalable strategy for production of large amounts of bioactive IGF1 by rational designing soluble protein expression, and further optimization of expression and purification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabbi Emamipour
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Golkar
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Ipsa E, Cruzat VF, Kagize JN, Yovich JL, Keane KN. Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Action in Reproductive Tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:777. [PMID: 31781044 PMCID: PMC6861326 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of growth hormone (GH) in human fertility is widely debated with some studies demonstrating improvements in oocyte yield, enhanced embryo quality, and in some cases increased live births with concomitant decreases in miscarriage rates. However, the basic biological mechanisms leading to these clinical differences are not well-understood. GH and the closely-related insulin-like growth factor (IGF) promote body growth and development via action on key metabolic organs including the liver, skeletal muscle, and bone. In addition, their expression and that of their complementary receptors have also been detected in various reproductive tissues including the oocyte, granulosa, and testicular cells. Therefore, the GH/IGF axis may directly regulate female and male gamete development, their quality, and ultimately competence for implantation. The ability of GH and IGF to modulate key signal transduction pathways such as the MAP kinase/ERK, Jak/STAT, and the PI3K/Akt pathway along with the subsequent effects on cell division and steroidogenesis indicates that these growth factors are centrally located to alter cell fate during proliferation and survival. In this review, we will explore the function of GH and IGF in regulating normal ovarian and testicular physiology, while also investigating the effects on cell signal transduction pathways with subsequent changes in cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. The aim is to clarify the role of GH in human fertility from a molecular and biochemical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Ipsa
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vinicius F. Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jackob N. Kagize
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John L. Yovich
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- PIVET Medical Centre, Leederville, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin N. Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- PIVET Medical Centre, Leederville, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kevin N. Keane
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Fang XS, Zhang MH, Zhang XZ, Guo JY, Jin Z. Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits the apoptosis of rat gastric smooth muscle cells cultured under high glucose condition through PI3K-Akt-PKC-Ca 2+pathway. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1585206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Sen Fang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Mo-Han Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xiang-Zi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jun-Yu Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
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Alfares MN, Perks CM, Hamilton-Shield JP, Holly JMP. Insulin-like growth factor-II in adipocyte regulation: depot-specific actions suggest a potential role limiting excess visceral adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1098-E1107. [PMID: 30040480 PMCID: PMC6336950 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00409.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The IGF system has an important role in growth and development. IGF-II is a recognized fetal growth promoter. However, its physiological postnatal role remains uncertain, although it is maintained in the circulation at a substantially high level throughout life. IGF-II has been strongly linked to obesity in genetic studies, and more recent evidence suggests a metabolic role. We examined fat depot differences in IGF-II's action on differentiation and metabolism. We speculate a specific effect on visceral adipocytes in relation to the differential distribution of insulin receptors between visceral and subcutaneous fat depots. We used a previously established adipocyte, cell culture system of matched pairs of visceral and subcutaneous fat biopsies from 20 normal weight children undergoing routine surgery for nonmalignant, nonseptic conditions. Preadipocytes were differentiated for 14 days in the presence or absence of IGF-II. Oil Red O staining, Western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques were employed to assess levels of adipogenesis markers and levels of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor isoforms. Our data indicate that IGF-II promotes preadipocyte differentiation in subcutaneous preadipocytes but showed a protective, opposing effect restricting visceral preadipocyte differentiation, confirmed by reductions in the differentiation markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adiponectin and in triglyceride staining. Additionally, IGF-II reduced mRNA expression of the insulin receptor in adipocytes and downregulated insulin receptor isoform A and glucose transporter 4 abundance and corresponding glucose uptake in visceral adipocytes. In conclusion, IGF-II is a regulator of preadipocyte differentiation and metabolism by acting as a differential modulator of fat accumulation favoring less visceral fat deposition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiadah N Alfares
- Insulin-like Growth Factors and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Perks
- Insulin-like Growth Factors and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Julian P Hamilton-Shield
- Nutrition Theme, National Institute of Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey M P Holly
- Insulin-like Growth Factors and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital , Bristol , United Kingdom
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Breves JP, Duffy TA, Einarsdottir IE, Björnsson BT, McCormick SD. In vivo effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol on insulin-like growth-factor binding proteins (igfbps) in Atlantic salmon. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 203:28-39. [PMID: 30075440 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Feminizing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect the growth and development of teleost fishes. The major regulator of growth performance, the growth hormone (Gh)/insulin-like growth-factor (Igf) system, is sensitive to estrogenic compounds and mediates certain physiological and potentially behavioral consequences of EDC exposure. Igf binding proteins (Igfbps) are key modulators of Igf activity, but their alteration by EDCs has not been examined. We investigated two life-stages (fry and smolts) of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and characterized how the Gh/Igf/Igfbp system responded to waterborne 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 4-nonylphenol (NP). Fry exposed to EE2 and NP for 21 days had increased hepatic vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA levels while hepatic estrogen receptor α (erα), gh receptor (ghr), igf1 and igf2 mRNA levels were decreased. NP-exposed fry had reduced body mass and total length compared to controls. EE2 and NP reduced hepatic igfbp1b1, -2a, -2b1, -4, -5b2 and -6b1, and stimulated igfbp5a. In smolts, hepatic vtg mRNA levels were induced following 4-day exposures to all three EDCs, while erα only responded to EE2 and E2. EDC exposures did not affect body mass or fork length; however, EE2 diminished plasma Gh and Igf1 levels in parallel with reductions in hepatic ghr and igf1. In smolts, EE2 and E2 diminished hepatic igfbp1b1, -4 and -6b1, and stimulated igfbp5a. There were no signs of compromised ionoregulation in smolts, as indicated by unchanged branchial ion pump/transporter mRNA levels. We conclude that hepatic igfbps respond (directly and/or indirectly) to environmental estrogens during two key life-stages of Atlantic salmon, and thus may modulate the growth and development of exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Tara A Duffy
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ingibjörg E Einarsdottir
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA.
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Cheng Y, Liu S, Wang G, Wei W, Huang S, Yang R, Geng H, Li H, Song J, Sun L, Yu H, Hao L. Porcine IGF1 synonymous mutation alter gene expression and protein binding affinity with IGF1R. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Thiagarajan H, Thiyagamoorthy U, Shanmugham I, Dharmalingam Nandagopal G, Kaliyaperumal A. Angiogenic growth factors in myocardial infarction: a critical appraisal. Heart Fail Rev 2018. [PMID: 28639006 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past, substantial advances have been made in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Despite the impact of these positive developments, MI remains to be a leading cause of morbidity as well as mortality. An interesting hypothesis is that the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) or the remodeling of preexisting collaterals may form natural bypasses that could compensate for the occlusion of an epicardial coronary artery. A number of angiogenic factors are proven to be elicited during MI. Exogenous supplementation of these growth factors either in the form of recombinant protein or gene would enhance the collateral vessel formation and thereby improve the outcome after MI. The aim of this review is to describe the nature and potentials of different angiogenic factors, their expression, their efficacy in animal studies, and clinical trials pertaining to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Thiagarajan
- Department of Biological Materials, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
| | - UmaMaheswari Thiyagamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, 625 014, India
| | - Iswariya Shanmugham
- Department of Biological Materials, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
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Affiliation(s)
- S.N. Lennard
- Thoroughbred Breeders’ Association Equine Fertility Unit, Mertoun Paddocks, Newmarket Suffolk CB8 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Stewart
- Thoroughbred Breeders’ Association Equine Fertility Unit, Mertoun Paddocks, Newmarket Suffolk CB8 9BH, United Kingdom
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
| | - W.R. Allen
- Thoroughbred Breeders’ Association Equine Fertility Unit, Mertoun Paddocks, Newmarket Suffolk CB8 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - R.B. Heap
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
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Mousa HSE, Abdel Aal SM, Abbas NAT. Umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells and carvedilol reduce doxorubicin- induced cardiotoxicity: Possible role of insulin-like growth factor-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1192-1204. [PMID: 30021356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tried to demonstrate the effects of adding human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) to carvedilol in improving the doxorubicin- induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: group 1: control group, group 2: doxorubicin untreated group, group 3: rats injected with doxorubicin and received carvedilol, and group 4: rats injected with doxorubicin and received carvedilol and stem cell-treated. Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed to assess cardiac function after animals were sacrificed. Cardiac muscle sections were examined histologically using H&E, Masson trichrome and immunohistochemically using caspase 3 immunostaining. The morphometric and statistical analysis was performed. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. We concluded that combination of hUCB-MSCs and carvedilol markedly improves histological and immunohistochemical structure of cardiac muscle fibers and restores cardiac function in doxorubicin- induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S E Mousa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine ZagazigUniversity, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Sara M Abdel Aal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine ZagazigUniversity, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha A T Abbas
- Department of clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Cui T, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its agonists inhibit hepatic and tumoral secretion of IGF-1. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28745-28756. [PMID: 29983893 PMCID: PMC6033336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary is well established. However, direct effects of GHRH and its agonistic analogs on extra-pituitary cells and tissues have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we first demonstrated that human and rat hepatocytes express receptors for GHRH. We then showed that GHRH(1-29)NH 2 and GHRH agonist, MR-409, downregulated mRNA levels for IGF-1 in human cancer cell lines and inhibited IGF-1 secretion in vitro when these cancer lines were exposed to rhGH. Another GHRH agonist, MR-356, lowered serum IGF-l and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice bearing xenografted NCI-N87 human stomach cancers. GHRH(1-29)NH 2 and MR-409 also suppressed the expression of mRNA for IGF-1 and IGF-2 in rat and human hepatocytes, decreased the secretion of IGF-1 in vitro from rat hepatocytes stimulated with rhGH, and lowered serum IGF-l levels in hypophysectomized rats injected with rhGH. Vasoactive intestinal peptide had no effect on the release of IGF-1 from the hepatocytes. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with MR-409 reduced serum levels of IGF-l from days 1 to 5. These results show that GHRH and its agonists can, by a direct action, inhibit the secretion of IGF-1 from the liver and from tumors. The inhibitory effect of GHRH appears to be mediated by the GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) and GH receptor (GHR), with the involvement of JAK2/STAT5 pathways. Further studies are required to investigate the possible physiopathological role of GHRH in the control of secretion of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjiao Cui
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew V. Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Nipkow M, Wirthgen E, Luft P, Rebl A, Hoeflich A, Goldammer T. Characterization of igf1 and igf2 genes during maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) ontogeny and the effect of temperature on embryogenesis and igf expression. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 40:32-43. [PMID: 29723762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 play important roles in the growth, development, and metabolism of teleost fish. We isolated cDNA sequences of igf1, and igf2 genes from maraena whitefish. We quantified the mRNA and protein expressions of IGFs in different tissues of marketable juvenile maraena whitefish. Moreover, we analyzed the gene expression profiles during maraena whitefish development from unfertilized egg to fingerling and examined the effect of incubation temperature on igf1, and igf2 gene expression during embryonic and early larval development. Transcripts encoding IGF-1 or IGF-2 were detected in all tested tissues, with the greatest abundance in the liver. We measured higher igf2 than igf1 copy numbers in all tissues and at all developmental stages examined, even at advanced juvenile stages. Using the Western blot technique, we demonstrated that several isoforms of IGF-1 are expressed in the liver and gills but not in muscle tissue, indicating tissue-specific protein expression of IGF-1. We observed an accelerated embryonic development with increasing temperature, resulting in shortened hatching periods. Out of the three tested temperatures, we observed the highest hatching rate, larval hatching size, and larval growth at 6 °C. At 9 °C, hatching rate, larval hatching size and larval growth were reduced compared to the values we observed at 4 °C and 6 °C, since incubation temperature might have exceeded the optimum. To our knowledge, our data show for the first time that both igf1 and igf2 expression were upregulated due to elevated incubation temperature within embryonic development of fish. Further, we found significantly higher igf expression for the best-developing larvae (6 °C group) at specific life stages of maraena whitefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Signal Transduction Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Luft
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA M-V), Institute for Fishery, Südstraße 8, 18375 Born/Darß, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Signal Transduction Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) System in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051308. [PMID: 29702590 PMCID: PMC5983723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis are affected by growth factors produced in liver. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) act in response to growth hormone (GH). Other IGF family components include at least six binding proteins (IGFBP1 to 6), manifested by both IGFs develop due to interaction through the type 1 receptor (IGF1R). The data based on animal models and/or in vitro studies suggest the role of IGF system components in cellular aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis (cell cycle progression, uncontrolled proliferation, cell survival, migration, inhibition of apoptosis, protein synthesis and cell growth), and show that systemic IGF1 administration can reduce fibrosis and ameliorate general liver function. In epidemiologic and clinicopathological studies on chronic liver disease (CLD), lowered serum levels, decreased tissue expression of IGF1, elevated production of IGF1R and variable IGF2 expression has been noted, from the start of preneoplastic alterations up to the developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stage. These changes result in well-known clinical symptoms of IGF1 deficiency. This review summarized the current data of the complex role of IGF system components in the most common CLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma). Better recognition and understanding of this system can contribute to discovery of new and improved versions of current preventive and therapeutic actions in CLD.
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38
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Giani C, Campani D, Rasmussen A, Fierabracci P, Miccoli P, Bevilacqua G, Pinchera A, Cullen KJ. Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) Immunohistochemistry in Breast Cancer: Relationship with the Most Important Morphological and Biochemical Prognostic Parameters. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 17:90-5. [PMID: 12113587 DOI: 10.1177/172460080201700203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent in situ hybridization experiments have shown a high content of IGF-II mRNA in breast cancer stroma. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between IGF-II protein expression and several prognostic parameters in 75 infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast. Tissue sections were evaluated for proliferative activity, IGF-II protein, ER, PgR, p53, and p21 expression using immunohistochemical procedures. The degree of stromal proliferation was assessed. Menopausal status, axillary lymph node involvement and nuclear grade were known. Thirty-five patients (44.3%) were premenopausal and 47 (62.6%) had lymph node metastases. Marked stromal proliferation was found in 34 (45.3%) specimens and high nuclear grade in 20 (26.5%). Eighteen tumors (24%) showed no IGF-II immunostaining. In the positive cases, IGF-II was detected both in the tumor stroma and in the cytoplasm of epithelial cancer cells: a high IGF-II content was found in 12 specimens (16.0%), a low content in 14 (18.7%) and a moderate content in 31 (41.3%). Twenty-four tumors (32.0%) showed high proliferative activity. Both ER and PgR were expressed in the nucleus of cancer cells: 49 tumors (65.3%) were ER positive (ER+) and 34 (45.3%) PgR positive (PgR+). p21 protein was detected in 37 tumors (49.6%) and p53 in 12 (16%). IGF-II protein was not correlated with menopausal status, lymph node metastases, nuclear grade, proliferative activity, ER or p53. In contrast, IGF-II correlated strongly with stromal proliferation (p=0.008), PgR (p=0.03) and p21 (p=0.01). This study demonstrates that in IDC of the breast IGF-II protein is expressed in the epithelium and stroma of the majority of tumors and is correlated with stromal amount, PgR and p21 expression. These preliminary results indicate that IGF-II expression in breast cancer is connected with two important regulators of breast cancer growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Sullivan DA, Rocha EM, Aragona P, Clayton JA, Ding J, Golebiowski B, Hampel U, McDermott AM, Schaumberg DA, Srinivasan S, Versura P, Willcox MDP. TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:284-333. [PMID: 28736336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eduardo M Rocha
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ocular Surface Diseases Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy
| | - Janine A Clayton
- National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Ding
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra A Schaumberg
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piera Versura
- Department of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Chigogora S, Zaninotto P, Kivimaki M, Steptoe A, Batty GD. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and risk of depression in older people: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e898. [PMID: 27648920 PMCID: PMC5048205 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are a leading cause of disability in older age. Although the role of psychosocial and behavioural predictors has been well examined, little is known about the biological origins of depression. Findings from animal studies have implicated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the aetiology of this disorder. A total of 6017 older adults (mean age of 65.7 years; 55% women) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing provided serum levels of IGF-1 (mean=15.9 nmol l(-1), s.d. 5.7) during a nurse visit in 2008. Depression symptoms were assessed in the same year and again in 2012 using the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Self-reports of a physician-diagnosis of depression were also collected at both time points. In separate analyses for men and women, the results from both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses revealed a 'U'-shaped pattern of association, such that lower and higher levels of IGF-1 were associated with a slightly elevated risk of depression, whereas the lowest risk was seen around the median levels. Thus, in men, with the lowest quintile of IGF-1 as the referent, the age-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of developing depression symptoms after 4 years of follow-up, for increasing quintiles of IGF-1, were: 0.51 (0.28-0.91), 0.50 (0.27-0.92), 0.63 (0.35-1.15) and 0.63 (0.35-1.13) (P-value for quadratic association 0.002). Some attenuation of these effects was apparent after adjustment for co-morbidity, socioeconomic status and health behaviours. In conclusion, in the present study of older adults, there was some evidence that moderate levels of IGF-1 levels conferred a reduced risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chigogora
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - G D Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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41
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Wang W, Li Y, Li S, Wu Z, Yuan M, Wang T, Wang S. Pooling-Based Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Risk Loci in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Endometrioma in Chinese Han Women. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:400-406. [PMID: 27506219 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116657191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, regarded as a complex disease, is influenced by multiple genetic factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in endometriosis have identified several susceptibility loci in Caucasian and Japanese populations. However, the overlapped susceptible loci were few. This case-control study tried to identify risk loci-related genes for ovarian endometrioma in Chinese Han women from central China using DNA pooling-based GWAS. Genome DNA samples were extracted from 3038 participants in central China. Pooling-based genome-wide scan and individual genotyping were performed using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and IPLEX Gold system, which demonstrated 10 ovarian endometrioma-related novel risk loci. There were 3 of them with P value < 5 × 10-06, separately locating in intron of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, chromosome 7 open reading frame 50, and Meis homeobox 1. In conclusion, the pooling-based GWAS for ovarian endometrioma identified some novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinese Han women of central China. Further assessment in other samples will be crucial to confirm the susceptibility of these results and explore the mechanisms of the related genes in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometrioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Li
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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42
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Laron Z, Kauli R, Lapkina L, Werner H. IGF-I deficiency, longevity and cancer protection of patients with Laron syndrome. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:123-133. [PMID: 28528685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Laron syndrome (LS) is a unique model of congenital IGF-I deficiency. It is characterized by dwarfism and obesity, and is caused by deletion or mutations of the growth hormone receptor (GH-R) gene. It is hypothesized that LS is an old disease originating in Indonesia and that the mutated gene spread to South Asia, the Middle East, the Mediterranean region and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Laron
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Rivka Kauli
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel
| | - Lena Lapkina
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Ocaranza P, Morales F, Matamala Á, Gaete X, Román R, Lammoglia JJ, Cassorla F. Growth hormone signaling in fibroblasts from newborn boys and prepubertal boys. Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 27:18-27. [PMID: 26843474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Responsiveness to GH in target cells is mediated by its receptor, which activates the Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and STAT5 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 5) leading to the expression of IGF-1 and IGFALS. The aim of this study was to compare the GH signaling pathway in newborns and prepubertal boys. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We determined the GHR protein content and the effect of stimulation with recombinant human GH (rhGH; 200ng/mL) on JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation in skin fibroblast cultures obtained from newborns and prepubertal boys. The transcript levels of IGFALS and IGF-I, were also studied and compared after 16h or 24h of stimulation with GH in both study groups. RESULTS Newborn infants showed less GHR protein than the prepubertal boys. After rhGH stimulation, JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation was absent in skin fibroblasts from newborns, but was clearly detectable in prepubertal boys. After 16h of treatment with rhGH, IGFALS and IGF-I transcript levels increased in the prepubertal boys when compared to baseline. In newborns, however, we did not observe a response after 16 and 24h of rhGH stimulation. CONCLUSION The significant attenuation of the GH signaling pathway observed in fibroblasts from newborn boys appears to be related to a reduction in GHR content and lack of phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT5 in response to rhGH. This might impair STAT5 dimer formation, leading to a reduction in the transcript levels of IGFALS and IGF-I during the newborn period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ocaranza
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernanda Morales
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Matamala
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Gaete
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rossana Román
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Javier Lammoglia
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Cassorla
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Davidson LM, Coward K. Molecular mechanisms of membrane interaction at implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:19-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lien M. Davidson
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; Headington Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; Headington Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
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45
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Yamagishi G, Yoshida A, Kobayashi A, Park MK. Molecular characterization of insulin from squamate reptiles reveals sequence diversity and possible adaptive evolution. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 225:197-211. [PMID: 26344944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Squamata are the most adaptive and prosperous group among ectothermic amniotes, reptiles, due to their species-richness and geographically wide habitat. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying their prosperity remain largely unknown, unique features have been reported from hormones that regulate energy metabolism. Insulin, a central anabolic hormone, is one such hormone, as its roles and effectiveness in regulation of blood glucose levels remain to be examined in squamates. In the present study, cDNAs coding for insulin were isolated from multiple species that represent various groups of squamates. The deduced amino acid sequences showed a high degree of divergence, with four lineages showing obviously higher number of amino acid substitutions than most of vertebrates, from teleosts to mammals. Among 18 sites presented to comprise the two receptor binding surfaces (one with 12 sites and the other with 6 sites), substitutions were observed in 13 sites. Among them was the substitution of HisB10, which results in the loss of the ability to hexamerize. Furthermore, three of these substitutions were reported to increase mitogenicity in human analogues. These substitutions were also reported from insulin of hystricomorph rodents and agnathan fishes, whose mitogenic potency have been shown to be increased. The estimated value of the non-synonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratio (ω) for the Squamata clade was larger than those of the other reptiles and aves. Even higher values were estimated for several lineages among squamates. These results, together with the regulatory mechanisms of digestion and nutrient assimilation in squamates, suggested a possible adaptive process through the molecular evolution of squamate INS. Further studies on the roles of insulin, in relation to the physiological and ecological traits of squamate species, will provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms that have led to the adaptivity and prosperity of squamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aya Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Min Kyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Batool R, Butt MS, Sultan MT, Saeed F, Naz R. Protein-energy malnutrition: a risk factor for various ailments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:242-53. [PMID: 24915388 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The wheel of industrialization that spun throughout the last century resulted in urbanization coupled with modifications in lifestyles and dietary habits. However, the communities living in developing economies are facing many problems related to their diet and health. Amongst, the prevalence of nutritional problems especially protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrients deficiencies are the rising issues. Moreover, the immunity or susceptibility to infect-parasitic diseases is also directly linked with the nutritional status of the host. Likewise, disease-related malnutrition that includes an inflammatory component is commonly observed in clinical practice thus affecting the quality of life. The PEM is treatable but early detection is a key for its appropriate management. However, controlling the menace of PEM requires an aggressive partnership between the physician and the dietitian. This review mainly attempts to describe the pathophysiology, prevalence and consequences of PEM and aims to highlight the importance of this clinical syndrome and the recent growth in our understanding of the processes behind its development. Some management strategies/remedies to overcome PEM are also the limelight of the article. In the nutshell, early recognition, prompt management, and robust follow up are critical for best outcomes in preventing and treating PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Batool
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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47
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Leucine supplementation improves acquired growth hormone resistance in rats with protein-energy malnutrition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125023. [PMID: 25909895 PMCID: PMC4409315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) can lead to growth hormone (GH) resistance. Leucine supplementation diets have been shown to increase protein synthesis in muscles. Our study aimed at investigating if long-term leucine supplementation could modulate GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 system function and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related signal transduction in skeletal muscles in a rat model of severe malnutrition. Methodology/Principal Findings Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50; weight, 302 ± 5 g) were divided into 5 treatment groups, including 2 control groups (a normal control group that was fed chow and ad libitum water [CON, n = 10] and a malnourished control group [MC, n = 10] that was fed a 50% chow diet). After undergoing a weight loss stage for 4 weeks, rats received either the chow diet (MC-CON, n = 10), the chow diet supplemented with low-dose leucine (MC-L, n = 10), or the chow diet supplemented with high-dose leucine (MC-H, n = 10) for 2 weeks. The muscle masses of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus were significantly reduced in the MC group. Re-feeding increased muscle mass, especially in the MC-L and MC-H groups. In the MC group, serum IGF-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) levels were significantly decreased and phosphorylation of the downstream anabolic signaling effectors protein kinase B (Akt), mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) were significantly lower than in other groups. However, serum IGF-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 concentrations and hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) levels were significantly higher in the MC-L and MC-H groups than in the MC-CON group, and serum IGFBP-1 levels was significantly reduced in the MC-L and MC-H groups. These changes were consistent with those observed for hepatic mRNA expression levels. Phosphorylation of the downstream anabolic signaling effectors Akt, mTOR, and S6K1 were also significantly higher in the MC-L and MC-H groups than in the MC-CON group. Conclusion/Significance Our data are the first to demonstrate that long-term supplementation with leucine improved acquired growth hormone resistance in rats with protein-energy malnutrition. Leucine might promote skeletal muscle protein synthesis by regulating downstream anabolic signaling transduction.
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Chen LD, Lin L, Huang JF, Chen X, Xu QZ, Liu JN. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on insulin growth factor-1 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:75-79. [PMID: 25582879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been recognized as being associated with low level of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the impact of OSA treatment using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on IGF-1 remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether effective CPAP therapy could increase IGF-1 levels. DESIGN Two reviewers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Web of Science before September 2014. Information on characteristics of subjects, study design and pre- and post-CPAP treatment of serum IGF-1 was extracted for analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to analyze the summary estimates for CPAP therapy. RESULTS Six articles with 168 patients were included in this meta-analysis, including five observational studies and one randomized controlled study. The meta-analysis showed that CPAP was associated with a statistically significant increase in IGF-1 in OSA patients (SMD=-0.436, 95% confidence interval=-0.653 to -0.218, P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that CPAP therapy was associated with an increase in IGF-1 in patients with OSA. Further large-scale, well-designed interventional investigations are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 59, Shenglixi Road, Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 59, Shenglixi Road, Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Zhen Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 59, Shenglixi Road, Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 59, Shenglixi Road, Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 350005, People's Republic of China.
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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Vashisth H. Theoretical and computational studies of peptides and receptors of the insulin family. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:48-83. [PMID: 25680077 PMCID: PMC4384091 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic interactions among peptides and receptors of the insulin family are required for glucose homeostasis, normal cellular growth and development, proliferation, differentiation and other metabolic processes. The peptides of the insulin family are disulfide-linked single or dual-chain proteins, while receptors are ligand-activated transmembrane glycoproteins of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily. Binding of ligands to the extracellular domains of receptors is known to initiate signaling via activation of intracellular kinase domains. While the structure of insulin has been known since 1969, recent decades have seen remarkable progress on the structural biology of apo and liganded receptor fragments. Here, we review how this useful structural information (on ligands and receptors) has enabled large-scale atomically-resolved simulations to elucidate the conformational dynamics of these biomolecules. Particularly, applications of molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods are discussed in various contexts, including studies of isolated ligands, apo-receptors, ligand/receptor complexes and intracellular kinase domains. The review concludes with a brief overview and future outlook for modeling and computational studies in this family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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