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Grygiel P, Dolata R, Humenny G, Muszyński M. Depressive symptoms and loneliness among early adolescents: a psychometric network analysis approach. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:199-214. [PMID: 37550521 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrate a high prevalence of depression and loneliness among adolescents. Although they often co-occur, the relationship between symptoms of depression and loneliness remains poorly understood. This study investigates: (a) the symptoms of depression that are connected to loneliness; (b) the role played by loneliness in the network of depression symptoms; and (c) whether the method used to measure loneliness (single-item direct or multi-item indirect) affects the relationship of loneliness with depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were 496 Polish adolescents (50.8% girls) aged 11 to 13, who completed: (a) the 10-item Major Depressive Disorder subscale of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale; (b) the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (indirect loneliness), and (c) a single direct question evaluating loneliness: 'I'm lonely'. Networks were estimated using a Gaussian Graphical Model. RESULTS Loneliness shows a direct relationship with three affective symptoms of depression: sadness, worthlessness, and anhedonia, which mediate relationships with somatic symptoms. In contrast to previous studies, loneliness has the lowest level of centrality among all elements of the network. The method used to assess loneliness did not significantly affect the connections between loneliness and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and depression overlap since they are formed by the same cognitive biases and deficits in emotion regulation but differ in the level of generality. In loneliness, they have an interpersonal context, while symptoms of depression can be intrapersonal. This helps us to understand why cognitive interventions, as compared to those which are social, are more effective in reducing loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marek Muszyński
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Banerjee A, Kaur Chawla S, Kohli N. The 100 Top-Cited Studies on Loneliness: A Bibliometric Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e37246. [PMID: 37162789 PMCID: PMC10164348 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explores characteristics of the top 100 most-cited articles on loneliness. A systematic search was carried out using the Thomson Reuters Web of Science Core Collection to collect studies on loneliness from inception to June 1, 2022. The initial search resulted in 6,250 search results, which included articles, book chapters, conference proceedings, editorials, and letters. Two authors independently screened the literature and extracted the data. The study supervisor removed any discrepancies. Top 100 papers (articles and reviews) on loneliness published in English were extracted. Data analysis and visualization were performed on Excel, Web of Science (WoS) Data Analyzer, and VOSviewer 1.6.16. The total number of citations of the 100 top-cited articles was 42,044, ranging from 203 to 2,201 per article. All of the studies were published from 1989 to 2021, and the years with the highest number of top-cited articles published were 2003 and 2008. Most publications were from the following journals: Computers in Human Behavior, Developmental Psychology, Psychological Science, Psychology, and Aging (n=4 each). The most cited article was titled "UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure" by Russell, DW, in the Journal of Personality Assessment. The most productive institute was the University of Chicago. The two most productive authors were Cacioppo, JT, and Hawkley, LC. Of the 100 top-cited publications, 87 were original articles and 13 were reviews. The top three WoS categories were psychology multidisciplinary, gerontology, and psychiatry. In total, 37 author keywords were elicited and further clubbed into eight distinct clusters. The study provides new insight into loneliness research, which may help doctors, researchers, and stakeholders achieve a more comprehensive understanding of trends and influential contributions to the field and highlight under-researched areas, which could be the basis for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, IND
| | | | - Neena Kohli
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, IND
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3
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Chen J, Liang Y, Xiong Y, Li S, Li T, Ren P. Joint Developmental Trajectories of Likability and Popularity: Associations with Social Behavior among Chinese Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:866-879. [PMID: 36719627 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The beginning of secondary school is a critical time point of adolescents' development as they entered a new peer context in which social status was re-established. As the key indicators of social status, likability and popularity co-occur but also display distinct developmental trajectories over time. Nevertheless, little is known about the joint developmental trajectories of likability and popularity among adolescents and how identified trajectories are associated with important social behavior. The current study examined the joint developmental trajectories of likability and popularity among Chinese adolescents and their associations with social behavior (prosocial behavior, aggression, and peer victimization) over time. A total of 1509 Chinese 7th grade students (53.6% male, Mage = 13.1, SD = 0.67) participated in self-report and peer nomination assessments on three occasions at 6-month intervals. Parallel process latent growth mixture models revealed four distinct trajectories of likability and popularity: social status decreasing, average, high social status, and social status increasing. The high social status group showed the highest levels of prosocial behavior, the lowest levels of peer victimization, and higher aggression than the average group. The social status decreasing group and social status increasing group exhibited the lower prosocial behavior as well as the higher aggression and peer victimization compared to the average group over time. The findings highlight the co-occurrence but diversity of developmental patterns of likability and popularity in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yiting Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuke Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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4
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Bales KL, Hang S, Paulus JP, Jahanfard E, Manca C, Jost G, Boyer C, Bern R, Yerumyan D, Rogers S, Mederos SL. Individual differences in social homeostasis. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1068609. [PMID: 36969803 PMCID: PMC10036751 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1068609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of “social homeostasis”, introduced by Matthews and Tye in 2019, has provided a framework with which to consider our changing individual needs for social interaction, and the neurobiology underlying this system. This model was conceived as including detector systems, a control center with a setpoint, and effectors which allow us to seek out or avoid additional social contact. In this article, we review and theorize about the many different factors that might contribute to the setpoint of a person or animal, including individual, social, cultural, and other environmental factors. We conclude with a consideration of the empirical challenges of this exciting new model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, >Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karen L. Bales
| | - Sally Hang
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John P. Paulus
- Graduate Group in Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elaina Jahanfard
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Claudia Manca
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Geneva Jost
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chase Boyer
- Graduate Group in Human Development, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rose Bern
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniella Yerumyan
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Rogers
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina L. Mederos
- Graduate Group in Animal Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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5
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Tubić T, Modrić T, Sekulić D, Bianco A, Radjo I, Drid P. Loneliness in sports active and non-active school-age children: Can sport protect children against loneliness? Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:1063714. [PMID: 36713906 PMCID: PMC9874288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1063714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to examine can sport protect children against loneliness and, if yes, whether this relationship depends on gender and/or sports-related variables. Methods The sample includes 762 10-year-old children (414 boys). The total score of The Children's Loneliness Scale is a dependent variable in the study, while sports participation (sports active-individual or team sports, or non-active) and level/duration of sports participation are independent variables. Results Obtained results indicate that the degree of loneliness differs depending on gender and whether the children are in sports activities or not. Unlike the level of sports participation, the duration of sports participation is relevant to the loneliness degree in both boys and girls. Discussion This research results could represent the right direction for educators and/or parents in their endeavor to preserve and develop school-age children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Tubić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Toni Modrić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Sekulić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Izet Radjo
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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6
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Islamiah N, Breinholst S, Walczak MA, Esbjørn BH. The role of fathers in children's emotion regulation development: A systematic review. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Islamiah
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences IPB University Bogor Indonesia
- Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
| | - Sonja Breinholst
- Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
| | - Monika A. Walczak
- Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen København K Denmark
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7
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Schultz AE, Newman KP. The impact of loneliness on compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES 2023; 47:59-73. [PMID: 36718291 PMCID: PMC9877690 DOI: 10.1111/ijcs.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many individuals have been reluctant to follow the COVID-19 prevention guidelines (e.g., wearing a mask, physical distancing, and vigilant handwashing) set forth by the U.S. Center for Disease Control to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In this research, we use reciprocal altruism theory to investigate the role of loneliness and its impact on compliance with these guidelines. Our findings indicate that lonely individuals are less willing to comply with COVID-19 prevention guidelines than non-lonely individuals. Process evidence suggests that this occurs as loneliness can inhibit an individual's sense of obligation to reciprocate to others. However, we demonstrate that framing information about COVID-19 through agentic (vs. communal) advertising messaging strategies can offset the negative impact of loneliness on compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Thus, marketers and policymakers may want to consider the important role of loneliness when tailoring messaging appeals that encourage compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainslie E. Schultz
- Arthur F. and Patricia Ryan Center for Business Studies, Providence CollegeProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States
| | - Kevin P. Newman
- Arthur F. and Patricia Ryan Center for Business Studies, Providence CollegeProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States
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8
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Zhu J, Liu M, Shu X, Xiang S, Jiang Y, Li Y. The moderating effect of marital conflict on the relationship between social avoidance and socio-emotional functioning among young children in suburban China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1009528. [PMID: 36571002 PMCID: PMC9770044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social avoidance has been found to be related to negative social adjustment, yet evidence of the relationship between social avoidance and social adjustment is very limited in suburban preschoolers in China. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms that help to explain the associations between social avoidance and socio-emotional adjustment remain poorly considered. The goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of marital conflict in the link between social avoidance and indices of socio-emotional functioning among young children in mainland China. Participants were N = 256 children aged from 49 to 72 months (125 boys, 131 girls, Mage = 59.06 months, SD = 6.58) attending preschools/kindergartens in suburban areas of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Multi-source assessments were employed, with mothers reporting marital conflict as well as rating their children's social withdrawal (i.e., social avoidance, shyness, unsociability), and teachers assessing indices of children's socio-emotional functioning at school (i.e., anxious-fearful behavior, peer exclusion, and loneliness). Children were asked about their loneliness. Among the results, social avoidance was positively associated with anxious-fearful behavior, peer exclusion, and loneliness (marginal significance). Moreover, as hypothesized, marital conflict was found to exacerbate the relations between social avoidance and peer exclusion, and loneliness. Results are discussed in terms of the etiology and implications of social avoidance among young children in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mowei Liu
- Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Xin Shu
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhui Xiang
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yan Li
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yan Li,
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9
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De Luca L, Giletta M, Menesini E, Prinstein MJ. Reciprocal associations between peer problems and non-suicidal self-injury throughout adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1486-1495. [PMID: 35383927 PMCID: PMC9790606 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer problems have emerged as important predictors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) development during adolescence. However, the possibility that adolescents who engage in NSSI may, in turn, be at increased risk for experiencing difficulties with their peers has rarely been examined. This study investigated the reciprocal associations between peer problems (e.g. peer victimization, friendship stress and loneliness) and NSSI throughout adolescence, distinguishing between- and within-person effects. METHOD Participants were 866 adolescents (54.5% females; Mage = 13.12 years, SD = 0.78), who took part in six waves of data collection. Adolescents completed self-report measures of NSSI, friendship stress and loneliness and they took part in a peer nomination procedure to assess peer victimization. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) were used to estimate within-person cross-lagged effects between each peer problem and NSSI from Grade 7 to 12. RESULTS After accounting for between-person associations between peer problems and NSSI, results indicated that higher-than-usual levels of NSSI predicted higher-than-usual levels of adolescents' own friendship stress, loneliness and peer victimization at the subsequent time point. Yet, sensitivity analyses revealed that most of these effects were strongly attenuated and explained by within-person fluctuations in depressive symptoms. No within-person cross-lagged effects from peer problems to NSSI were found. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight that the associations between peer problems (i.e. friendship stress, loneliness) and NSSI may be largely explained by shared underlying factors; yet, some evidence also suggests that NSSI engagement may increase adolescents' risk to experience difficulties in the relationships with their peers, in part via increases in depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa De Luca
- Department of Education, LanguagesIntercultures, Literatures and PsychologyUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social PsychologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium,Department of Developmental PsychologyTilburg UniversityTilburgThe Netherlands
| | - Ersilia Menesini
- Department of Education, LanguagesIntercultures, Literatures and PsychologyUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Mitchell J. Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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10
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Brett BE, Stern JA, Gross JT, Cassidy J. Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Preschoolers' Helping, Sharing, and Comforting: The Moderating Role of Child Attachment. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:623-636. [PMID: 32228318 PMCID: PMC8215845 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) are inconsistently associated with lower rates of child prosocial behavior. Studies typically examine prosocial behavior as a unitary construct rather than examining its multiple dimensions, and rarely consider how the quality of the parent-child relationship could influence this association.Objective: The current study examines whether the security of the parent-child attachment relationship moderates the association between MDS and children's helping, sharing, and comforting behaviors.Method: Participants were 164 low-income, majority African American mothers and their preschool-aged children recruited from Head Start centers. Mothers reported the frequency of depressive symptoms at baseline; child attachment security and helping, sharing, and comforting behavior were observationally assessed 5 to 8 months later.Results: Moderation analyses revealed a positive main effect of security (but not MDS) on children's comforting behavior, a main effect of MDS on sharing, and no main effects of MDS or security on children's helping behaviors. Significant interactions between MDS and security predicted comforting and (marginally) helping behaviors, such that MDS were associated with both more helping and more comforting behavior only when children were more secure. No such interaction was observed for sharing.Conclusions: These findings suggest that children may adapt to maternal depressive symptoms in prosocial ways, but that this depends at least in part on the quality of the parent-child relationship, underscoring the importance of examining attachment quality as a moderator of parental influences on children's social-emotional development. We discuss potential explanations for these findings, as well as their implications for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jude Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland
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11
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Nishimura T, Murakami T, Sakurai S. Interpersonal predictors of loneliness in Japanese children: variable- and person-centered approaches. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:164. [PMID: 35768854 PMCID: PMC9245278 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness in children has been a major topic of interest in both clinical and developmental psychology. Further studies to investigate predictors of loneliness are needed for educational practices. METHODS A total of 1088 late elementary school-aged children (48.81% boys, Mage = 10.35) participated in a 1-year longitudinal survey. We used hierarchical linear modeling and mover-stayer latent transition analysis. DISCUSSION Findings from the variable- and person- centered approaches suggested that less positive peer relations, higher victimization, and higher relational aggression are predictors of higher future loneliness. Meanwhile, both approaches did not reach an agreement concerning predictors to reduce loneliness. This result highlighted a utility of a combined approach and sounded an alarm for overreliance on the variable-centered approach dominating child research. CONCLUSION To protect young children from loneliness, it will be more beneficial to prevent the development of loneliness rather than to apply interventions to reduce loneliness once established. Preventive practices need to be implemented to protect children from loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Nishimura
- Faculty of Education, Fukuyama City University, Hiroshima, Fukuyama, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Murakami
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeo Sakurai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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12
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Emerging adults’ help seeking from friends: the role of perceived goal structures and implications for adjustment. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Smith KE, Pollak SD. Early life stress and perceived social isolation influence how children use value information to guide behavior. Child Dev 2021; 93:804-814. [PMID: 34971461 PMCID: PMC9177517 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Learning the value of environmental signals and using that information to guide behavior is critical for survival. Stress in childhood may influence these processes, but how it does so is still unclear. This study examined how stressful event exposures and perceived social isolation affect the ability to learn value signals and use that information in 72 children (8–9 years; 29 girls; 65.3% White). Stressful event exposures and perceived social isolation did not influence how children learned value information. But, children with high stressful event exposures and perceived social isolation were worse at using that information. These data suggest alterations in how value information is used, rather than learned, may be one mechanism linking early experiences to later behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Smith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seth D Pollak
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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14
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Shin H. Early Adolescents' Social Achievement Goals and Perceived Relational Support: Their Additive and Interactive Effects on Social Behavior. Front Psychol 2021; 12:767599. [PMID: 34938239 PMCID: PMC8687115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the additive and interactive effects of early adolescents' social achievement goals and perceived relational support from teachers and peers on their social behavior. Adolescents' social achievement goals (i.e., social development, social demonstration-approach, and social demonstration-avoidance), perceived relational support from teachers and peers, and social behavior (i.e., overt and relational aggression, prosocial behavior, and anxious solitary behavior) were assessed in a sample of fifth and sixth graders (M age = 12.5; N = 677) nested within 26 classrooms. Multilevel modeling results indicated that social goals and relational support from teachers and peers made additive contributions to adolescents' social behavior. Results also indicated the evidence of interactive effects, such that relational support from teachers was negatively associated with overt and relational aggression primarily among adolescents who had high social demonstration-approach goals. Findings underscore the need to consider adolescents' social goals in conjunction with their perceived relational support for educators and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyoung Shin
- Department of Psychology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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15
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Mourelatos E. How personality affects reaction. A mental health behavioral insight review during the Pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:8644-8665. [PMID: 34744405 PMCID: PMC8563358 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fear caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is changing our psychology and behavior. This ongoing negative event, imposing restrictions such as home isolation and social distancing, can result in heightened anxiety, depression and a sense of loneliness, with immediate effects on mental health. This study investigates adolescents’ reaction to the pandemic, by analyzing the behavioral mental health trends of depression, anxiety and sense of loneliness, in relation to personality traits. After controlling for demographics and family background, our results reveal strong relationships between several personality traits and psychological health indicators, during the pandemic in Greece. A total of 419 secondary school students (aged 12–18) were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Big Five Inventory for measuring personality (BFI) and the Children’s Loneliness Questionnaire (CLS) during two time periods within pandemic. Overall, it appears that depression increased significantly in line with the escalation of the pandemic, while anxiety decreased, with the strongest predictors being the personality variables of extraversion, neuroticism and openness. Surprisingly, the study also revealed that the level of extraversion has a positive effect on changes in anxiety, while a negative one on changes in depression. On the other hand, neuroticism and openness seem to negatively correlate with anxiety changes and positively with depression changes. These findings highlight the importance of considering these variables in addressing individuals’ mental health behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and elucidate the literature by offering a deeper understanding of the strong relationship between personality, depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Mourelatos
- Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Economics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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16
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Jahng KE, Kim Y. Relationships Between Children's Shyness, Play Disconnection, and Loneliness: Moderating Effect of Children's Perceived Child-Teacher Intimate Relationship. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:829-840. [PMID: 32980924 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is a significant problem that predicts immediate and long-term negative outcomes for young children. This study examines the mediating effect of children's play disconnection on the relationship between their shyness and loneliness, as well as the moderating effect of children's perceived child-teacher intimate relationship on the relationships between child shyness, play disconnection, and loneliness. Participants include 171 4 to 6 year old South Korean children and their teachers and mothers. Children's teachers were asked to respond to the questions measuring child shyness and play disconnection, and the mothers assisted their children to answer the questions measuring child loneliness and child-teacher intimate relationship. The results of the study are as follows. First, child shyness affected loneliness via play disconnection. Second, child-teacher intimate relationship moderated the relationships between child shyness and loneliness and between child shyness and play disconnection. However, the association between play disconnection and loneliness was not moderated by child-teacher intimate relationship. The findings of the study suggest that teachers not only provide shy children with emotional support but also build affectionate and intimate relationships with them to support their peer play and to reduce their feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Jahng
- Department of Child and Family Studies, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yaebin Kim
- Children, Youth & Families Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, 8050 Paradise Road Suite 100, Las Vegas, NV, 89123, USA
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Sabato H, Abraham Y, Kogut T. Too Lonely to Help: Early Adolescents' Social Connections and Willingness to Help During COVID-19 Lockdown. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:764-779. [PMID: 34448302 PMCID: PMC8646666 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We examined early adolescents' social connections, their emotional state, and their willingness to act prosocially during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. In two studies-comparing fourth to sixth graders during lockdown with a similar sample in pre-pandemic times, and longitudinally examining the same sample of participants, twice-we found that overall, early adolescents' emotional state during lockdown was significantly worse than in normal times (before the pandemic). This decline was explained by the participants' ratings of their loneliness, which was linked to their social (virtual) connections during lockdown. Importantly, participants with fewer social connections (in the virtual world as well as in face-to-face interactions) were less willing to help a lonely peer-even though they experienced similar pangs of loneliness.
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18
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Yoon S, Cage J, Pei F, Barnhart S. Risk and Resilience Factors for Psychobehavioral Symptom Trajectories Among Child Welfare-Involved Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP5281-NP5303. [PMID: 30226102 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518799485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of the study was to investigate the development of psychobehavioral symptoms (internalizing, externalizing, and posttraumatic stress [PTS]) of child welfare-involved adolescents over a 3-year period and to identify predictors of the trajectories. Using three waves of data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II), latent growth curve modeling was conducted on a sample of 350 adolescents who were between 11 and 13 years of age at baseline. Findings indicated that adolescents' internalizing symptoms decreased over time, whereas externalizing symptoms remained stable over time. PTS symptoms decreased over time in girls, but not boys. Physical abuse predicted higher levels of externalizing behaviors and sexual abuse predicted a slower decrease in PTS symptoms. Greater child prosocial skills and higher quality of caregiver-child relationship were associated with lower initial levels of externalizing symptoms. In addition, a higher quality caregiver-child relationship and greater satisfaction with peer relationships were associated with lower initial levels of internalizing and PTS symptoms. Findings suggest that intervention strategies should consider gender, maltreatment type, and interpersonal and social skills to effectively prevent the development of psychobehavioral symptoms among child welfare-involved youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jamie Cage
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Vyrastekova J. Social inclusion of students with special educational needs assessed by the Inclusion of Other in the Self scale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250070. [PMID: 33909648 PMCID: PMC8081169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the participation of students with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream education affect their social inclusion? We introduce a single-item pictorial measure, the Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS), to compare the social inclusion of SEN students attending mainstream regular schools to social inclusion of SEN students attending special schools. We collected responses from 138 parents of SEN students aged 4–20, to obtain data on the loneliness, friendships and social inclusion of SEN students. The parents of SEN students attending regular schools did not perceive their children to be less included than parents of SEN students attending special schools. School context decreased SEN students’ perceived loneliness independent of the school type. And while most SEN students’ friendships were formed at school, SEN students attending regular schools had more friends, and these were more likely to live in the same neighborhood. Overall, the social inclusion of SEN students across school types was not affected by the school type, only by the school’s inclusive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vyrastekova
- Institute for Management Research, Nijmegen Center for Economics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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20
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A Systematic Review of the Development and Psychometric Properties of Loneliness Measures for Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063285. [PMID: 33810076 PMCID: PMC8004998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the three most commonly used measures of loneliness for children and adolescents (children: Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents [LACA] and Children’s Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale [CLS]; adolescents: UCLA Loneliness Scale [UCLA] and LACA). Loneliness is a pertinent issue across populations and affects the mental health and academic achievement of children and adolescents. To date, there has been no thorough examination of the loneliness measures for this age group. We examine how each of the three measures was developed, and assess the psychometric properties of those measures, gaining insight into whether they are valid and reliable assessments of loneliness. Results suggest that the UCLA Loneliness Scale is the most popular measure of loneliness for use with adolescents, but it does not have robust psychometric properties for that group. For children, the CLS appears most suitable. Results of the review identify gaps in aspects of measure development, with no measure having been developed with children or adolescents. Implications for future loneliness measurement research are considered.
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Fandrem H, Tvedt MS, Virtanen T, Bru E. Intentions to quit upper secondary education among first generation immigrants and native Norwegians: the role of loneliness and peer victimization. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-021-09614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDropout from upper secondary education is a persistent educational problem, particularly among first-generation immigrant youth. This study examined factors associated with intentions to dropout to gain further insight into the process of leaving upper secondary education. The analyses of 1299 Norwegian first-year upper secondary school students’ (88% native Norwegians, 12% first-generation immigrants) self-reported intentions to quit school, loneliness, and peer victimization in school showed that first-generation immigrants experienced higher levels of loneliness than native Norwegians. In contrast, there were no differences in the levels of peer victimization and intentions to quit between native Norwegians and first-generation immigrants. However, loneliness showed a significantly stronger association with intentions to quit among first-generation immigrants. The results underscore the importance of tackling first-generation immigrants’ loneliness in school to reduce their intentions to quit upper secondary education and thus potentially improve conditions for school completion.
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22
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Peer network Status and Depressive Symptoms Among Early Adolescents: Testing the Mediating Effects of Metaperception and Loneliness. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrevious research shows that deficits in social relationships increase the risk of depression. This study tests the hypothesis that among early adolescents, their status in their peer network (likeability/dislikeability) will be associated with depressive symptoms but only indirectly, through the subjective perception of this status (positive/negative metaperception) and loneliness (feeling of social isolation). Data were collected using sociometric methods and self-report scales from 388 students aged 12–13. Path analysis was applied to verify the hypothesized relationships between the study variables. The findings indicate that: (1) status in the peer network and its perception affect depressive symptoms only indirectly, through loneliness; (2) depressive symptoms depend directly on loneliness alone; (3) status in the peer network does not directly translate into loneliness—its effect is mediated by metaperception; (4) the negative dimension of the peer network status indirectly affects both loneliness and depressive symptoms more strongly than the positive one. The main limitation of the research is its cross-sectional design, which precludes definite conclusions about the direction of the relationships observed. The results obtained help to clarify the complex mechanisms through which objective status in the peer network, its subjective perception and feelings of loneliness contribute to the severity of depressive symptoms among early adolescents. On the practical side, the findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing interventions targeting both the objective and subjective aspects of social relations for the prevention of depression in this age group.
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Baweja R, Waschbusch DA, Pelham WE, Pelham WE, Waxmonsky JG. The Impact of Persistent Irritability on the Medication Treatment of Paediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:699687. [PMID: 34366928 PMCID: PMC8333707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the efficacy and tolerability of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without prominent irritability (IRR) over the course of 30 months. This is a secondary analysis of a study examining growth patterns in medication naïve children with ADHD subsequently treated with CNS stimulants (predominantly OROS-Methylphenidate, up to 54 mg per day) for 30 months. Participants had to meet full diagnostic criteria for ADHD and been treated with CNS stimulants for under 30 days. Children were classified as IRR if they were rated as pretty much or very much on either of the "often angry" or easily annoyed" items plus "lose temper," items of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS). Structured ratings of ADHD symptoms, impairment, side effects, and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were collected every 2-12 weeks for the duration of the study. Medication use was measured by pill count and parent report. The IRR group comprised 28% of all participants. The IRR group had significantly higher levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms, impairment, and side effects ratings at baseline. In the IRR group, ODD symptoms, emotional lability, and impairment significantly decreased for participants with higher medication use. Total side effects increased for non-IRR participants with higher medication use. Emotional side effects decreased for IRR participants with higher medication use. Central nervous system stimulants were a tolerable and efficacious treatment in treatment naïve youth with ADHD with irritability. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01109849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Baweja
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Daniel A Waschbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - William E Pelham
- Center of Human Development, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - William E Pelham
- Center for Children and Families Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - James G Waxmonsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Hu T, Zheng X, Huang M. Absence and Presence of Human Interaction: The Relationship Between Loneliness and Empathy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:768. [PMID: 32508698 PMCID: PMC7249960 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is the negative experience of a discrepancy between the desired and actual personal network of relationships. Whereas past work have focused on the effect of loneliness on prosocial behaviors, the present research addressed the gap by exploring the effect of loneliness on empathy. Empathy is the emotional reaction of sharing in others' internal experiences. We adopted a new paradigm-empathy selection task, which uses free choices to assess the desire to empathize. Participants made a series of binary choices, selecting situations that instructed them to empathize or objectively describe. Results from two studies showed that, compared to non-lonely people, lonely people were more likely to choose positive empathy but to avoid negative empathy. The pattern occurs because lonely people perceived higher (vs. lower) social support in the positive (vs. negative) empathy tasks. Moreover, empathy served to be an adaptive emotion regulation strategy developed by lonely people to reduce their loneliness effectively. This research has resulted in both theoretical contributions to prosocial behavior literature and the further discovery of practical implications for loneliness intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miner Huang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Terlektsi E, Kreppner J, Mahon M, Worsfold S, Kennedy CR. Peer Relationship Experiences Of Deaf And Hard-Of-Hearing Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2020; 25:153-166. [PMID: 32048717 PMCID: PMC7167539 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents (DHH) experience more peer problems and lower levels of friendships than their hearing peers. This study used a qualitative approach to identify their experiences of peer problems and factors influencing them. A sample of 30, 13-19 year-old DHH adolescents with a moderate to profound hearing loss, drawn from a population-based cohort study in which their receptive language and social-emotional skills had been assessed, underwent semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants reported that, overall, they had developed positive and rewarding relationships with their peers, notwithstanding their earlier experience of being bullied. Conflicts and infrequency of interaction in their friendships were mainly reported by girls. Adolescents with moderate hearing loss were identified as facing the same or even more barriers than adolescents with severe to profound hearing loss in making new friends. Implications for educational practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Terlektsi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- School of Education, University of Birmingham
| | - J Kreppner
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton
| | - M Mahon
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, UCL
| | - S Worsfold
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
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26
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McNeil SL, Andrews AR, Cohen JR. Emotional Maltreatment and Adolescent Depression: Mediating Mechanisms and Demographic Considerations in a Child Welfare Sample. Child Dev 2020; 91:1681-1697. [PMID: 32232849 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emotional maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent depression. Yet, it remains unclear whether commissions and omissions of emotional maltreatment (a) confer vulnerability via distinct mechanisms and (b) demonstrate similar risk across adolescent subpopulations. The present, multiwave study examined whether school engagement and peer relationships explain the depressive effects of distinct emotional maltreatment subtypes in an at-risk child welfare sample (N = 657; ages 11-14, AgeMean = 12.49). The findings indicated that commission subtypes of emotional maltreatment predicted increasing depressive symptoms via increasing peer relationship problems, especially for girls. Meanwhile, decreasing school engagement was a depressogenic risk pathway for Hispanic adolescents reporting omission subtypes of emotional maltreatment. The results emphasize the importance of distinguish between emotional maltreatment subtypes to identify specific risk pathways for adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph R Cohen
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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27
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Mund M, Freuding MM, Möbius K, Horn N, Neyer FJ. The Stability and Change of Loneliness Across the Life Span: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2020; 24:24-52. [PMID: 31179872 PMCID: PMC6943963 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319850738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals experience loneliness when they perceive a deficiency in the quality or quantity of their social relationships. In the present meta-analysis, we compiled data from 75 longitudinal studies conducted in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America (N = 83, 679) to examine the rank-order and mean-level development of loneliness across the life span. Data were analyzed using two- and three-level meta-analyses and generalized additive mixed models. The results indicate that the rank order of loneliness is as stable as the rank order of personality traits and follows an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the life span. Regarding mean-level development, loneliness was found to decrease throughout childhood and to remain essentially stable from adolescence to oldest old age. Thus, in contrast to other personality characteristics, changes in loneliness are not generally related to age. Implications for theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mund
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Horn
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
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28
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Verhagen M, Verweij KJH, Lodder GMA, Goossens L, Verschueren K, Van Leeuwen K, Van den Noortgate W, Claes S, Bijttebier P, Van Assche E, Vink JM. A SNP, Gene, and Polygenic Risk Score Approach of Oxytocin-Vasopressin Genes in Adolescents' Loneliness. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 2:333-348. [PMID: 30697859 PMCID: PMC7277497 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Not much is known regarding underlying biological pathways to adolescents' loneliness. Insight in underlying molecular mechanisms could inform intervention efforts aimed at reducing loneliness. Using latent growth curve modeling, baseline levels and development of loneliness were studied in two longitudinal adolescent samples. Genes (OXTR, OXT, AVPR1A, AVPR1B) were examined using SNP-based, gene-based, and polygenic risk score (PRS) approaches. In both samples, SNP- and gene-based tests showed involvement of the OXTR gene in development of loneliness, though, significance levels did not survive correction for multiple testing. The PRS approach provided no evidence for relations with loneliness. We recommend alternative phenotyping methods, including environmental factors, to consider epigenetic studies, and to examine possible endophenotypes in relation to adolescents' loneliness.
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29
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Koerber S, Osterhaus C. Some but not all aspects of (advanced) theory of mind predict loneliness. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 38:144-148. [DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Zhang F, Jiang Y, Lei X, Huang S. Teacher power and children's loneliness: Moderating effects of teacher‐child relationships and peer relationships. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyBeijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyBeijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Xiuya Lei
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social SciencesBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Silin Huang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyBeijing Normal University Beijing China
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31
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Clayton MG, Giletta M, Boettiger CA, Prinstein MJ. Determinants of Excessive Reassurance-Seeking: Adolescents' Internalized Distress, Friendship Conflict, and Inhibitory Control as Prospective Predictors. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 50:88-96. [PMID: 31050555 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1604234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Substantial research suggests that excessive reassurance-seeking behavior is associated with exacerbations in depressive symptoms and later interpersonal rejection, yet remarkably few studies have examined predictors of this maladaptive social behavior. This study proposed and examined a diathesis stress model suggesting that beyond the effects of prior internalized distress, a combination of poor inhibitory control and dyadic friendship conflict may be especially relevant predictors of adolescents' excessive reassurance-seeking behavior. Longitudinal associations were examined in a sample of 865 adolescents (54.5% female, 22.2% African American, 23.1% Latinx) who completed self-reported measures of depressive rumination/intrusive thoughts, depressive symptoms, loneliness, friendship conflict, and a performance-based measure of inhibitory control at baseline, as well as a measure of excessive reassurance-seeking at baseline and 2 years later. Results initially revealed a prospective effect of depressive rumination/intrusive thoughts on later excessive reassurance-seeking, consistent with prior work. Final results yielded only a significant interaction effect, revealing that higher levels of friendship conflict coupled with low levels of inhibitory control were associated longitudinally with higher levels of excessive reassurance-seeking. Findings suggest that inhibitory control may moderate the association between adolescents' interpersonal conflict and their excessive reassurance-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Clayton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University
| | - Charlotte A Boettiger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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32
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Huber L, Plötner M, Schmitz J. Social competence and psychopathology in early childhood: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:443-459. [PMID: 29637284 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of social competence, such as showing prosocial behaviour (fulfilling others' needs) and social initiative (fulfilling own needs), constitutes one major developmental task in childhood and adolescence. Previous research suggests that in middle childhood, impaired social competences are related to childhood psychopathology, such as externalizing and internalizing disorders. As the period of preschool age is a particularly important time for both the development of social competence and early psychopathological symptoms, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the role of social competence in relation to early childhood psychopathology. Twenty-one clinical as well as subclinical studies published prior to September 2016 were included in a qualitative analysis of the relation between prosocial behaviour, social initiative, and early externalizing and internalizing symptoms in preschool age children (age 3-6). Effect sizes for each study were calculated if required information was available. Our review suggests that from early on in childhood development, externalizing symptoms are accompanied by prosocial behaviour deficits such as lower levels of helping or cooperating, whereas internalizing symptoms may be accompanied by either deficient or excessive levels of prosocial behaviour. Exhibiting social initiative such as initiating contact with others or communicating one's own needs seems to be impaired in children with internalizing symptoms. Implications for current theory and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Huber
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
- Leipzig Research Centre for Early Childhood Development, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Maria Plötner
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Early Childhood Development, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Early Childhood Development, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
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Pittenger SL, Moore KE, Dworkin ER, Crusto CA, Connell CM. Risk and Protective Factors for Alcohol, Marijuana, and Cocaine Use Among Child Welfare-Involved Youth. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2018; 95:88-94. [PMID: 31231146 PMCID: PMC6588184 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Youth involved in child welfare services (CWS) are at elevated risk for substance use. CWS involvement may provide an opportunity for intervention to prevent subsequent use; however, little is known about mitigating substance use risk in this population. Using data from the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II), the present study examined individual, psychological, and contextual risk factors (e.g., prior substance use, depression, posttraumatic stress, maltreatment experiences) and protective factors (e.g., caregiver monitoring, peer relationships) following CWS involvement (Wave 1) in relation to alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use 36 months later (Wave 3). The nationally-representative sample of CWS-involved youth was restricted to individuals who were aged 11 years or older at Wave 1 and had at least a partial interview at Wave 3 (N = 763). Three logistic regression models showed that Wave 1 substance use increased the likelihood of marijuana and cocaine use at Wave 3 [marijuana OR = 1.41 (1.19-1.68); cocaine OR = 1.26 (1.07-1.50)] but not binge alcohol use [OR = 1.44 (0.95-2.19)]. Other risk and protective factors had limited predictive value for Wave 3 substance use. The present findings suggest that initiating substance use prior to or at the time of CWS involvement is a critical risk factor for later substance use. Substance use screening and referral to treatment is imperative for CWS-involved youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily R. Dworkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
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Thomas V, Azmitia M. Motivation matters: Development and validation of the Motivation for Solitude Scale - Short Form (MSS-SF). J Adolesc 2018; 70:33-42. [PMID: 30472399 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motivation is an overlooked but crucial factor in determining whether solitude is psychologically beneficial or risky. This paper describes the development and validation of the Motivation for Solitude Scale - Short-Form (MSS-SF), a measure grounded in Self-Determination Theory that differentiates between intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations for solitude. METHODS Emerging adult (N = 803) and adolescent (N = 176) participants were recruited in four successive samples from the United States for the purposes of scale development and validation. Participants completed an on-line survey that included the MSS-SF and various well-being and personality measures. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Confirmatory Factor Analyses resulted in a two-factor solution, selfdetermined solitude (SDS) and not self-determined solitude (NSDS), and showed the MSS-SF to be reliable with adolescents and emerging adults, with satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Engaging in solitude for extrinsic, not self-determined reasons was associated with loneliness, social anxiety, and depressive symptomatology; in contrast, solitude chosen for intrinsic, self-determined reasons was positively correlated with well-being, for emerging adults in particular. The MSS-SF goes beyond preference for solitude to distinguish two distinctly different motivations for solitude, and in so doing, allows researchers to better understand the affordances and risks of being alone for adolescents and emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Thomas
- Psychology, Wilmington College, 1870 Quaker Way, Wilmington, OH 45177, United States.
| | - Margarita Azmitia
- Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Social Sciences 2, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
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Erath SA, Kaeppler AK, Tu KM. Coping with peer victimization predicts peer outcomes across the transition to middle school. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Erath
- Human Development and Family Studies Auburn University Auburn Alabama
| | | | - Kelly M. Tu
- Human Development and Family Studies University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
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García Bacete FJ, Sureda-García I, Muñoz-Tinoco V, Jiménez-Lagares I, Marande Perrin G, Rosel JF. Interpersonal Perceptions of Adverse Peer Experiences in First-Grade Students. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1165. [PMID: 30042712 PMCID: PMC6048420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify which adverse peer experiences better predict perceived negative peer relationships among elementary school first graders according to sex. The peer experiences examined were peer rejection, peer victimization, and mutual antipathy; the interpersonal perceptions studied were perceived peer victimization, dyadic meta-perception of peer disliking, and loneliness. Methods: The participants were 809 children (Mage = 6.4 years, SD = 0.32; ngirls = 412, 50.9%) enrolled in 35 first-grade classes from 15 schools in 4 Spanish regions: Valencia, n = 276, 34.1%; Balearic Islands, n = 140, 17.3%; Andalusia, n = 199, 24.6%; Castile-Leon, n = 194, 24%. We calculated sex differences in peer experiences and interpersonal perceptions by means of one-way ANOVA for means differences and Fisher's r-to-z transformation for correlations differences. We used a multilevel regression analysis (nesting variables: class and region) to determine whether the associations between each peer experiences and each perception were unique. Results: Each adverse peer relationship predicted each interpersonal perception differentially. Peer victimization was a good predictor of the three interpersonal perceptions, and the only predictor of perceived peer victimization. Peer rejection predicted loneliness, whereas mutual antipathies predicted dyadic meta-perception of peer disliking, although more so among girls. A significant effect at region level was found but not at class level. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that research should take into account the different levels of the social peer system when analyzing peer experiences within the classroom context. The study contributes to sensitize teachers about the greater responsiveness of 6-year-old girls to adverse peer experiences, and it could be useful for designing interventions that would help children oppose rejection and empower active bystanders to fight against peer mistreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. García Bacete
- Department of Developmental, Educational and Social Psychology, and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- GREI Interuniversity Research Group, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sureda-García
- GREI Interuniversity Research Group, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Muñoz-Tinoco
- GREI Interuniversity Research Group, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Lagares
- GREI Interuniversity Research Group, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ghislaine Marande Perrin
- Department of Developmental, Educational and Social Psychology, and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- GREI Interuniversity Research Group, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jesús F. Rosel
- Department of Developmental, Educational and Social Psychology, and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Oshri A, Duprey EB, Kogan SM, Carlson MW, Liu S. Growth patterns of future orientation among maltreated youth: A prospective examination of the emergence of resilience. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1456-1471. [PMID: 29952602 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During adolescence, a positive outlook toward the future (i.e., future orientation) can protect youth from the risks conferred by childhood adversity. Research to date, however, has largely considered future orientation as a static attribute. Developmental systems perspectives suggest that future orientation, when considered across time, will exhibit dynamic trajectories with levels changing in response to the varying balance of risks and resources in youths' environments. Investigating the developmental course and consequences of future orientation is particularly germane to maltreated youth who may benefit from programs that target this protective mechanism. The present study tested hypotheses regarding the developmental course of future orientation, including the association of distinct future orientation trajectories with time-varying risk factors and resources, and the association of continuity and change in future orientation trajectories with young adult psychosocial functioning. Hypotheses were investigated with longitudinal (T1 Mage = 12.22, T2 Mage = 13.52, T3 Mage = 14.79, T4 Mage = 18.54), multireporter data from a nationally representative sample of maltreated youth (N = 1,461). Growth mixture modeling (GMM) identified three classes of growth trajectories in future orientation: high-persistent, low start/increasing, and high start/decreasing. Time-variant and -invariant risk factors and resources differentiated youths' future orientation trajectories. Youth in the high-persistent and low start/increasing trajectories were more likely to attain young adulthood developmental milestones-including independent living skills, social capital, employment, and higher weekly income. This study documents how an important component of resilient adaptation emerges and promotes positive outcomes among highly vulnerable youth. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science
| | | | | | | | - Sihong Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Science
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38
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Beier JS, Gross JT, Brett BE, Stern JA, Martin DR, Cassidy J. Helping, Sharing, and Comforting in Young Children: Links to Individual Differences in Attachment. Child Dev 2018; 90:e273-e289. [PMID: 29873084 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although attachment theory has long posited a link between early experiences of care and children's prosocial behavior, investigations of this association have not embraced the multifaceted nature of prosociality. This study is the first to assess associations between child attachment and independent observations of helping, sharing, and comforting. Attachment quality in 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 137) was linked to all three prosocial behaviors. Additionally, bifactor analyses revealed distinct associations between attachment and children's general prosocial dispositions and their specific abilities to meet the unique challenges of helping and, marginally, comforting. These findings underscore the importance of considering multiple explanations for links between attachment and prosocial behavior and provide novel insights into sources of variation in children's prosociality.
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39
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Saoji N, Baran J, Gerhardt CA, Vannatta K, Rotter D, Trauth JM, Noll RB. The Psychometrics of the Children’s Depression Inventory When Used With Children Who Are Chronically Ill and Matched Community Comparison Peers. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282918774963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) is used to screen for depression in children aged 7 years to 16 years. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometrics of the CDI in a sample of children who are chronically ill ( N = 350) and in a sample of matched community comparison peers ( N = 357), and determine if the psychometrics of the scale are similar in both groups. Data were aggregated from previous reports examining social and emotional functioning of children with six chronic diseases and matched comparisons. The CDI was completed in the homes of all participants. No significant differences between groups on CDI scores, distributions, reliability, or validity were observed. Findings suggest that the psychometrics of the CDI are similar for children with chronic diseases compared with typically developing children. The CDI may be an effective screening tool for use with children who have chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia A. Gerhardt
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn Vannatta
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Rotter
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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40
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Colle L, Pellecchia G, Moroni F, Carcione A, Nicolò G, Semerari A, Procacci M. Levels of Social Sharing and Clinical Implications for Severe Social Withdrawal in Patients with Personality Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:263. [PMID: 29255430 PMCID: PMC5722791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social sharing capacities have attracted attention from a number of fields of social cognition and have been variously defined and analyzed in numerous studies. Social sharing consists in the subjective awareness that aspects of the self's experience are held in common with other individuals. The definition of social sharing must take a variety of elements into consideration: the motivational element, the contents of the social sharing experience, the emotional responses it evokes, the behavioral outcomes, and finally, the circumstances and the skills which enable social sharing. The primary objective of this study is to explore some of the diverse forms of human social sharing and to classify them according to levels of complexity. We identify four different types of social sharing, categorized according to the nature of the content being shared and the complexity of the mindreading skills required. The second objective of this study is to consider possible applications of this graded model of social sharing experience in clinical settings. Specifically, this model may support the development of graded, focused clinical interventions for patients with personality disorders characterized by severe social withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Colle
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Third Centre of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Moroni
- Third Centre of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
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41
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Kamper‐DeMarco KE, Ostrov JM. Prospective associations between peer victimization and social-psychological adjustment problems in early childhood. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:471-482. [PMID: 28299794 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present short-term longitudinal study examined prospective associations between two forms of peer victimization (i.e., physical, relational) and both externalizing and internalizing problems in early childhood. The study assessed 97 children (42 girls; M age = 45.22 months, SD = 6.99) over the course of one school year with assessments occurring at the end of each semester (approximately 6 months apart). Multiple methods were used to collect data over the course of one school year to test theoretically driven hypotheses. Cross-lagged path analyses were conducted, revealing significant associations between relational victimization and increases in depressive symptoms. On the other hand, relational victimization was also significantly associated with decreases in externalizing problems (e.g., inattention, deception/lying) and increases in prosocial behavior. Physical aggression predicted increases in physical victimization, supporting hypotheses that children displaying physically aggressive behavior are likely to be reactive to negative peer interactions and endure future victimization.
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42
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Friendship Dynamics of Adolescent Aggression, Prosocial Behavior, and Social Status: The Moderating Role of Gender. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:2305-2320. [PMID: 28699121 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions with friends are a salient part of adolescents' experience at school. Adolescents tend to form friendships with similar peers and, in turn, their friends influence adolescents' behaviors and beliefs. The current study investigated early adolescents' selection of friends and friends' influence with regard to physical aggression, prosocial behavior, and popularity and social preference (i.e., likeability) among fifth and sixth graders (N = 736, 52% girls at wave1, N = 677, 52% girls at wave 2) in elementary schools in South Korea. The moderating role of gender on early adolescents' friend selection and influence was also examined. With longitudinal social network analysis (RSiena), we found that youth tended to select friends with similar levels of physical aggression and popularity, and their friends influenced their own physical aggression and popularity over time. The higher youth were in social preference, the less likely they chose physically aggressive peers as friends. Boys were more likely to select highly popular peers as friends compared to girls, and influence effects for physical aggression and popularity were stronger for boys compared to girls. The results underscore the importance of gender in friendship dynamics among Asian early adolescents.
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43
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Abstract
A great deal of human emotion arises in response to real, anticipated, remembered, or imagined rejection by other people. Because acceptance by other people improved evolutionary fitness, human beings developed biopsychological mechanisms to apprise them of threats to acceptance and belonging, along with emotional systems to deal with threats to acceptance. This article examines seven emotions that often arise when people perceive that their relational value to other people is low or in potential jeopardy, including hurt feelings, jealousy, loneliness, shame, guilt, social anxiety, and embarrassment. Other emotions, such as sadness and anger, may occur during rejection episodes, but are reactions to features of the situation other than low relational value. The article discusses the evolutionary functions of rejection-related emotions, neuroscience evidence regarding the brain regions that mediate reactions to rejection, and behavioral research from social, developmental, and clinical psychology regarding psychological and behavioral concomitants of interpersonal rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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44
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Grygiel P, Humenny G, Rębisz S. Using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale With Early Adolescents: Factor Structure, Reliability, Stability, and External Validity. Assessment 2016; 26:151-165. [PMID: 27932403 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116682298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation is the first examination of the factor structures, reliability, external validity, longitudinal invariance, and stability of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS), as used with early adolescents. It is based on a two-wave, large, representative sample of Polish primary school pupils. The results demonstrate that the model most reflective of the factor structure of the DJGLS is the bifactor model, which assumes the occurrence of one, highly reliable, general factor (overall sense of loneliness) and two, relatively irrelevant, subfactors. Essential unidimensionality (the general factor accounting for three fourth of the common variance) suggest that the interpretation of the subfactors over and above the general factor is inappropriate. The longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bifactor structure of the DJGLS is invariant over time. Correlations with self-rated loneliness, sociometric acceptance/rejection, social self-efficacy, identification with class group, family structure, and gender provide support for the validity of the DJGLS. This implies that it could be used as a measure of loneliness in adolescence, which does not involve references to the school context, making it possible to conduct studies that go beyond school period and compare the intensity of the feeling of loneliness in that group with other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Grygiel
- 1 The Educational Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Zeedyk SM, Cohen SR, Eisenhower A, Blacher J. Perceived Social Competence and Loneliness Among Young Children with ASD: Child, Parent and Teacher Reports. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:436-49. [PMID: 26363914 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perceived loneliness and social competence were assessed for 127 children with ASD without comorbid ID, 4-7 years old, through child self-report. Using an abbreviated version of the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (LSDQ; Cassidy and Asher in Child Dev 63:250-365, 1992), the majority of children reported friendships, yet a considerable proportion also reported social difficulties. Factor analysis of the abbreviated LSDQ identified three factors, which were significantly associated with parent- and teacher-reported variables. Regression analyses revealed parent-reported social skills deficits and teacher-reported conflict in the student-teacher relationship to be associated with child-reported loneliness. Implications for practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha M Zeedyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Shana R Cohen
- Department of Education Studies, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan Blacher
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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46
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Huang H, Liu Y, Liu X. Does Loneliness Necessarily Lead to a Decrease in Prosocial Behavior? The Roles of Gender and Situation. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1388. [PMID: 27695429 PMCID: PMC5025448 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, previous studies show overwhelming evidence that loneliness is negatively correlated with prosocial behavior, some theories and research have implied that under certain situations, loneliness plays a positive role in an individual's social functioning. The two studies reported in this article examined loneliness and its associations with prosocial behavior in Chinese adults using subjective reporting and experimental design. Study 1 examined 305 Chinese adults (175 males) using the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults and the Prosocial Tendencies Measure to evaluate their loneliness and prosocial tendencies. The results showed that loneliness was negatively associated with all prosocial tendencies except the public prosocial tendency. Study 2 examined 177 Chinese adults (61 males) using an experimental design and found that only lonely women in public situations expressed a greater willingness to help. The results also suggest that loneliness may play a positive role in the social functioning of individuals under certain conditions. The function of loneliness and the implications of the association between loneliness and prosocial behavior are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Huang
- School of Early Childhood Education, Capital Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Liu
- Youth Work Department, China Youth University of Political Studies Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocen Liu
- School of Early Childhood Education, Capital Normal University Beijing, China
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47
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Maes M, Van den Noortgate W, Vanhalst J, Beyers W, Goossens L. The Children's Loneliness Scale. Assessment 2016; 24:244-251. [PMID: 26354495 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115605177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the factor structure and construct validity of the Children's Loneliness Scale (CLS), a popular measure of childhood loneliness, in Belgian children. Analyses were conducted on two samples of fifth and sixth graders in Belgium, for a total of 1,069 children. A single-factor structure proved superior to alternative solutions proposed in the literature, when taking item wording into account. Construct validity was shown by substantial associations with related constructs, based on both self-reported (e.g., depressive symptoms and low social self-esteem), and peer-reported variables (e.g., victimization). Furthermore, a significant association was found between the CLS and a peer-reported measure of loneliness. Collectively, these findings provide a solid foundation for the continuing use of the CLS as a measure of childhood loneliness.
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Harrist AW, Swindle TM, Hubbs-Tait L, Topham GL, Shriver LH, Page MC. The Social and Emotional Lives of Overweight, Obese, and Severely Obese Children. Child Dev 2016; 87:1564-80. [PMID: 27223340 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examines inter- and intrapersonal problems associated with being overweight among one thousand one hundred sixty-four 6- to 7-year-olds (49% boys) in 29 rural schools. Socioemotional data include child self-reports, peer sociometrics, and teacher reports. Results support the hypothesis that children with weight problems struggle socially and emotionally, and extend current understanding of child obesity by demonstrating that problems appear early, are evident in a community sample, can be identified using standard sociometric methods, and are worse among children with severe obesity. Sociometric status difference between levels of obesity were also found. Although obese children were neglected by peers, severely obese children were rejected.
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49
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Rowe SL, Gembeck MJZ, Rudolph J, Nesdale D. A Longitudinal Study of Rejecting and Autonomy-Restrictive Parenting, Rejection Sensitivity, and Socioemotional Symptoms in Early Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 43:1107-18. [PMID: 25520298 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rejection sensitivity (RS) has been defined as the tendency to readily perceive and overreact to interpersonal rejection. The primary aim of this study was to test key propositions of RS theory, namely that rejecting experiences in relationships with parents are antecedents of early adolescents' future RS and symptomatology. We also expanded this to consider autonomy-restrictive parenting, given the importance of autonomy in early adolescence. Participants were 601 early adolescents (age 9 to 13 years old, 51% boys) from three schools in Australia. Students completed questionnaires at school about parent and peer relationships, RS, loneliness, social anxiety, and depression at two times with a 14-month lag between assessments. Parents also reported on adolescents' difficulties at Time 1 (T1). It was anticipated that more experience of parental rejection, coercion, and psychological control would be associated with adolescents' escalating RS and symptoms over time, even after accounting for peer victimisation, and that RS would mediate associations between parenting and symptoms. Structural equation modelling supported these hypotheses. Parent coercion was associated with adolescents' increasing symptoms of social anxiety and RS over time, and parent psychological control was associated with increasing depressive symptoms over time. Indirect effects via RS were also found, with parent rejection and psychological control linked to higher T1 RS, which was then associated with increasing loneliness and RS. Lastly, in a separate model, peer victimisation and RS, but not parenting practices, were positively associated with concurrent parent reports of adolescents' difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Rowe
- School of Applied Psychology, Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia,
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50
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Dubowitz H, Thompson R, Proctor L, Metzger R, Black MM, English D, Poole G, Magder L. Adversity, Maltreatment, and Resilience in Young Children. Acad Pediatr 2016; 16:233-9. [PMID: 26868289 PMCID: PMC6535999 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the research on children in high risk environments, particularly those who have been maltreated, has focused on negative outcomes. Yet, much can be learned from some of these children who fare relatively well. The objective was to examine resilience in high-risk preschoolers, and to probe contributors to their adaptive functioning. METHODS The sample of 943 families was from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, a consortium of 5 sites, prospectively examining the antecedents and outcomes of maltreatment. Most of the families were at high risk for maltreatment, and many had been reported to Child Protective Services (CPS) by the time the children were aged 4 years. Standardized measures were used at ages 4 and 6 to assess the children's functioning in behavioral, social and developmental domains, and parental depressive symptoms and demographic characteristics. Maltreatment was determined on the basis of CPS reports. Logistic regressions were conducted to predict resilience, defined as competencies in all 3 domains, over time. RESULTS Forty-eight percent of the sample appeared resilient. This was associated with no history of maltreatment (odds ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.20; P = .04), a primary caregiver reporting few depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.63-2.94; P < .001), (P = .014), and fewer children in the home (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Almost half of the sample appeared resilient during this important developmental period of transition to school. This enables clinicians to be cautiously optimistic in their work with high-risk children and their families. However, more than half the sample was not faring well. Child maltreatment and caregiver depressive symptoms were strongly associated with poor outcomes. These children and families deserve careful attention by pediatric practitioners and referral for prevention and early intervention services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Dubowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Richard Thompson
- Richard H. Calica Center for Innovation in Children and Family Services, Juvenile Protective Association, Chicago, lll
| | - Laura Proctor
- Judge Baker Children’s Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Richard Metzger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Maureen M. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Diana English
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gina Poole
- Human Services Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Md
| | - Lawrence Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
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