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Yu YZ, Liu HT, Yang F, Li L, Schäufele R, Tcherkez G, Schnyder H, Gong XY. δ13C of bulk organic matter and cellulose reveal post-photosynthetic fractionation during ontogeny in C4 grass leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1451-1464. [PMID: 37943576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The 13C isotope composition (δ13C) of leaf dry matter is a useful tool for physiological and ecological studies. However, how post-photosynthetic fractionation associated with respiration and carbon export influences δ13C remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of post-photosynthetic fractionation on δ13C of mature leaves of Cleistogenes squarrosa, a perennial C4 grass, in controlled experiments with different levels of vapour pressure deficit and nitrogen supply. With increasing leaf age class, the 12C/13C fractionation of leaf organic matter relative to the δ13C of atmosphere CO2 (ΔDM) increased while that of cellulose (Δcel) was almost constant. The divergence between ΔDM and Δcel increased with leaf age class, with a maximum value of 1.6‰, indicating the accumulation of post-photosynthetic fractionation. Applying a new mass balance model that accounts for respiration and export of photosynthates, we found an apparent 12C/13C fractionation associated with carbon export of -0.5‰ to -1.0‰. Different ΔDM among leaves, pseudostems, daughter tillers, and roots indicate that post-photosynthetic fractionation happens at the whole-plant level. Compared with ΔDM of old leaves, ΔDM of young leaves and Δcel are more reliable proxies for predicting physiological parameters due to the lower sensitivity to post-photosynthetic fractionation and the similar sensitivity in responses to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Hai Tao Liu
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Li X, Chen X, Li J, Wu P, Hu D, Zhong Q, Cheng D. Respiration in light of evergreen and deciduous woody species and its links to the leaf economic spectrum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad129. [PMID: 37847610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration in the light (Rlight) is crucial for understanding the net CO2 exchange of individual plants and entire ecosystems. However, Rlight is poorly quantified and rarely discussed in the context of the leaf economic spectrum (LES), especially among woody species differing in plant functional types (PFTs) (e.g., evergreen vs. deciduous species). To address this gap in our knowledge, Rlight, respiration in the dark (Rdark), light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and maximum carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport rates (Jmax) of 54 representative subtropical woody evergreen and deciduous species were measured. With the exception of LMA, the parameters quantified in this study were significantly higher in deciduous species than in evergreen species. The degree of light inhibition did not significantly differ between evergreen (52%) and deciduous (50%) species. Rlight was significantly correlated with LES traits such as Asat, Rdark, LMA, N and P. The Rlight vs. Rdark and N relationships shared common slopes between evergreen and deciduous species, but significantly differed in their y-intercepts, in which the rates of Rlight were slower or faster for any given Rdark or N in deciduous species, respectively. A model for Rlight based on three traits (i.e., Rdark, LMA and P) had an explanatory power of 84.9%. These results show that there is a link between Rlight and the LES, and highlight that PFTs is an important factor in affecting Rlight and the relationships of Rlight with Rdark and N. Thus, this study provides information that can improve the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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Schmiege SC, Heskel M, Fan Y, Way DA. It's only natural: Plant respiration in unmanaged systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:710-727. [PMID: 36943293 PMCID: PMC10231469 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Respiration plays a key role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and is a fundamental metabolic process in all plant tissues and cells. We review respiration from the perspective of plants that grow in their natural habitat and how it is influenced by wide-ranging elements at different scales, from metabolic substrate availability to shifts in climate. Decades of field-based measurements have honed our understanding of the biological and environmental controls on leaf, root, stem, and whole-organism respiration. Despite this effort, there remain gaps in our knowledge within and across species and ecosystems, especially in more challenging-to-measure tissues like roots. Recent databases of respiration rates and associated leaf traits from species representing diverse biomes, plant functional types, and regional climates have allowed for a wider-lens view at modeling this important CO2 flux. We also re-analyze published data sets to show that maximum leaf respiration rates (Rmax) in species from around the globe are related both to leaf economic traits and environmental variables (precipitation and air temperature), but that root respiration does not follow the same latitudinal trends previously published for leaf data. We encourage the ecophysiological community to continue to expand their study of plant respiration in tissues that are difficult to measure and at the whole plant and ecosystem levels to address outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Schmiege
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Heskel
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, USA 55105
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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4
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Bauerle WL, Hazlett M. Humulus lupulus L. Strobilus In Situ Photosynthesis and Respiration Temperature Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2030. [PMID: 37653947 PMCID: PMC10223736 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The primary metabolism and respiration of the hop strobilus has not been quantified in response to daily temperature fluctuations. The objective of this study was to assess strobilus gas exchange, specifically the response to temperature fluctuations. Hop strobilus were measured under controlled environment conditions to assess the organ's contribution to carbon assimilation and respiration during the maturation phase. Strobilus-specific daily carbon budgets were estimated in response to temperature fluctuation. The optimal temperature for net carbon gain occurred at 15.7 °C. Estimated strobilus carbon uptake decreased approximately 41% per 5 °C increase in temperature above 20 °C. Daily temperatures within 10-27 °C resulted in a net positive strobilus daily carbon balance, whereas temperature increases beyond 27 °C increasingly exhaust strobilus carbon reserves. The Q10 temperature coefficient (the rate respiration increases every 10 °C rise in temperature) approximately doubled per 10 °C rise in temperature from 7-40 °C (1.94-2) with slightly reduced values at lower temperatures. In conclusion, we show that photosynthetically active bracts maintain a positive strobilus carbon balance at moderate temperatures and as mean daily temperatures progressively exceed 27 °C, strobilus net carbon reserves are precipitously exhausted due to ever-increasing respiration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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5
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Burgess AJ. Breath of green life: Reduction in plant day and night respiration under elevated CO2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:31-33. [PMID: 36787227 PMCID: PMC10152654 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Burgess
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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6
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Bruhn D. Activity-dependent nocturnal decrease in leaf respiration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2167-2169. [PMID: 36703197 PMCID: PMC10069876 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal decrease in leaf respiratory CO2-release measured at constant temperature within a plant species is correlated with the level of respiratory activity at onset of the dark period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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7
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Wang C, Li S, Wu M, Zhang W, He H, Yang D, Huang S, Guo Z, Xing X. Water use efficiency control for a maize field under mulched drip irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159457. [PMID: 36252664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is an important indicator reflecting carbon-water coupling, but its control mechanisms in managed fields remain unclear. In order to reveal the influencing factors of WUE in the agricultural field under mulched drip irrigation (DM), we carried out the 8-year continuous observations in a maize field from Northwestern China. The structural equation model, relative importance analysis and principal component analysis were used to quantify the regulation effects of environmental and biological factors on WUE at different time scales, in different growth stages and under different hydrothermal conditions. The results showed that annual WUE varied between 2.18 g C Kg-1 H2O and 3.60 g C Kg-1 H2O, with a multi-year mean of 2.91 g C Kg-1 H2O. The total effects of air temperature on the daily WUE in the whole growth period, the vegetative growth stage, the warm and dry years, the cold and wet years, and the warm and wet years were the largest, with values of 0.61, 0.80, 0.70, 0.70 and 0.91 respectively. However, vapor pressure deficit and net radiation had the largest total effect in the cold and dry years (-0.63) and the reproductive growth stage (-0.49), respectively. Leaf biomass played a leading role in regulating the daily and interannual WUE, and the relative importance of leaf biomass to WUE in the vegetative growth stage was up to 75 %. In the warm and wet years, the relative importance of root biomass to WUE was 33 %, slightly higher than that of leaf biomass (31 %). At the same time, we found that Ta has the potential to increase WUE under future climate warming. Our results improve the understanding of carbon-water coupling mechanisms and provide important enlightenment on how crop ecosystems should adapt to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Sien Li
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China.
| | - Mousong Wu
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund SE-22362, Sweden
| | - Hongxing He
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A OB9, Canada
| | - Danni Yang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Xiuli Xing
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Bruhn D, Newman F, Hancock M, Povlsen P, Slot M, Sitch S, Drake J, Weedon GP, Clark DB, Pagter M, Ellis RJ, Tjoelker MG, Andersen KM, Correa ZR, McGuire PC, Mercado LM. Nocturnal plant respiration is under strong non-temperature control. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5650. [PMID: 36163192 PMCID: PMC9512894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most biological rates depend on the rate of respiration. Temperature variation is typically considered the main driver of daily plant respiration rates, assuming a constant daily respiration rate at a set temperature. Here, we show empirical data from 31 species from temperate and tropical biomes to demonstrate that the rate of plant respiration at a constant temperature decreases monotonically with time through the night, on average by 25% after 8 h of darkness. Temperature controls less than half of the total nocturnal variation in respiration. A new universal formulation is developed to model and understand nocturnal plant respiration, combining the nocturnal decrease in the rate of plant respiration at constant temperature with the decrease in plant respiration according to the temperature sensitivity. Application of the new formulation shows a global reduction of 4.5 -6 % in plant respiration and an increase of 7-10% in net primary production for the present-day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Freya Newman
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy', University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilda Hancock
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy', University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Povlsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy', University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - John Drake
- Department of Sustainable Resources Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, USA
| | | | - Douglas B Clark
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Majken Pagter
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Richard J Ellis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | | | - Zorayda Restrepo Correa
- Grupo Servicios ecosistemicos y cambio climático (SECC), Corporación COL-TREE, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Patrick C McGuire
- University of Reading, Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy', University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom. .,UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
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9
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Fang L, Yin X, van der Putten PEL, Martre P, Struik PC. Drought exerts a greater influence than growth temperature on the temperature response of leaf day respiration in wheat (Triticum aestivum). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2062-2077. [PMID: 35357701 PMCID: PMC9324871 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We assessed how the temperature response of leaf day respiration (Rd ) in wheat responded to contrasting water regimes and growth temperatures. In Experiment 1, well-watered and drought-stressed conditions were imposed on two genotypes; in Experiment 2, the two water regimes combined with high (HT), medium (MT) and low (LT) growth temperatures were imposed on one of the genotypes. Rd was estimated from simultaneous gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements at six leaf temperatures (Tleaf ) for each treatment, using the Yin method for nonphotorespiratory conditions and the nonrectangular hyperbolic fitting method for photorespiratory conditions. The two genotypes responded similarly to growth and measurement conditions. Estimates of Rd for nonphotorespiratory conditions were generally higher than those for photorespiratory conditions, but their responses to Tleaf were similar. Under well-watered conditions, Rd and its sensitivity to Tleaf slightly acclimated to LT, but did not acclimate to HT. Temperature sensitivities of Rd were considerably suppressed by drought, and the suppression varied among growth temperatures. Thus, it is necessary to quantify interactions between drought and growth temperature for reliably modelling Rd under climate change. Our study also demonstrated that the Kok method, one of the currently popular methods for estimating Rd , underestimated Rd significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter E. L. van der Putten
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pierre Martre
- LEPSE, Institut Agro SupAgro, INRAE, Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Paul C. Struik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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10
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Respiratory and Photosynthetic Responses of Antarctic Vascular Plants Are Differentially Affected by CO2 Enrichment and Nocturnal Warming. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111520. [PMID: 35684292 PMCID: PMC9182836 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Projected rises in atmospheric CO2 concentration and minimum night-time temperatures may have important effects on plant carbon metabolism altering the carbon balance of the only two vascular plant species in the Antarctic Peninsula. We assessed the effect of nocturnal warming (8/5 °C vs. 8/8 °C day/night) and CO2 concentrations (400 ppm and 750 ppm) on gas exchange, non-structural carbohydrates, two respiratory-related enzymes, and mitochondrial size and number in two species of vascular plants. In Colobanthus quitensis, light-saturated photosynthesis measured at 400 ppm was reduced when plants were grown in the elevated CO2 or in the nocturnal warming treatments. Growth in elevated CO2 reduced stomatal conductance but nocturnal warming did not. The short-term sensitivity of respiration, relative protein abundance, and mitochondrial traits were not responsive to either treatment in this species. Moreover, some acclimation to nocturnal warming at ambient CO2 was observed. Altogether, these responses in C. quitensis led to an increase in the respiration-assimilation ratio in plants grown in elevated CO2. The response of Deschampsia antarctica to the experimental treatments was quite distinct. Photosynthesis was not affected by either treatment; however, respiration acclimated to temperature in the elevated CO2 treatment. The observed short-term changes in thermal sensitivity indicate type I acclimation of respiration. Growth in elevated CO2 and nocturnal warming resulted in a reduction in mitochondrial numbers and an increase in mitochondrial size in D. antarctica. Overall, our results suggest that with climate change D. antarctica could be more successful than C. quitensis, due to its ability to make metabolic adjustments to maintain its carbon balance.
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11
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Rutley N, Harper JF, Miller G. Reproductive resilience: putting pollen grains in two baskets. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:237-246. [PMID: 34627662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To ensure reproductive success, flowering plants produce an excess of pollen to fertilize a limited number of ovules. Pollen grains mature into two distinct subpopulations - those that display high metabolic activity and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels immediately after hydration (high-ROS/active), and those that maintain an extended period of dormancy with low metabolic activity (low-ROS/inactive/arrested/dormant). We propose that the dormant pollen serves as a backup to provide a second chance for successful fertilization when the 'first wave' of pollen encounters an unpredictable growth condition such as heat stress. This model provides a framework for considering the role of dormancy in reproductive stress tolerance as well as strategies for mitigating pollen thermovulnerability to daytime and night-time warming that is associated with global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rutley
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Jeffery F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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12
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Sturchio MA, Chieppa J, Chapman SK, Canas G, Aspinwall MJ. Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration differs between marsh and mangrove vegetation in a coastal wetland ecotone. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:612-629. [PMID: 34653300 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration (R) is an important determinant of ecosystem responses to temperature and the magnitude of temperature-CO2 feedbacks as climate warms. Yet, the extent to which temperature acclimation of R exhibits a common pattern across different growth conditions, ecosystems, and plant functional types remains unclear. Here, we measured the short-term temperature response of R at six time points over a 10-month period in two coastal wetland species (Avicennia germinans [C3 mangrove] and Spartina alterniflora [C4 marsh grass]) growing under ambient and experimentally warmed temperatures at two sites in a marsh-mangrove ecotone. Leaf nitrogen (N) was determined on a subsample of leaves to explore potential coupling of R and N. We hypothesized that both species would reduce R at 25°C (R25 ) and the short-term temperature sensitivity of R (Q10 ) as air temperature (Tair ) increased across seasons, but the decline would be stronger in Avicennia than in Spartina. For each species, we hypothesized that seasonal temperature acclimation of R would be equivalent in plants grown under ambient and warmed temperatures, demonstrating convergent acclimation. Surprisingly, Avicennia generally increased R25 with increasing growth temperature, although the Q10 declined as seasonal temperatures increased and did so consistently across sites and treatments. Weak temperature acclimation resulted in reduced homeostasis of R in Avicennia. Spartina reduced R25 and the Q10 as seasonal temperatures increased. In Spartina, seasonal temperature acclimation was largely consistent across sites and treatments resulting in greater respiratory homeostasis. We conclude that co-occurring coastal wetland species may show contrasting patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation. Nonetheless, leaf N scaled positively with R25 in both species, highlighting the importance of leaf N in predicting respiratory capacity across a range of growth temperatures. The patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation shown here may improve the predictions of temperature controls of CO2 fluxes in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sturchio
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Samantha K Chapman
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriela Canas
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Collins AD, Ryan MG, Adams HD, Dickman LT, Garcia-Forner N, Grossiord C, Powers HH, Sevanto S, McDowell NG. Foliar respiration is related to photosynthetic, growth and carbohydrate response to experimental drought and elevated temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3623-3635. [PMID: 34506038 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-term plant respiration (R) increases exponentially with rising temperature, but drought could reduce respiration by reducing growth and metabolism. Acclimation may alter these responses. We examined if species with different drought responses would differ in foliar R response to +4.8°C temperature and -45% precipitation in a field experiment with mature piñon and juniper trees, and if any differences between species were related to differences in photosynthesis rates, shoot growth and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs). Short-term foliar R had a Q10 of 1.6 for piñon and 2.6 for juniper. Piñon foliar R did not respond to the +4.8°C temperatures, but R increased 1.4× for juniper. Across treatments, piñon foliage had higher growth, lower NSC content, 29% lower photosynthesis rates, and 44% lower R than juniper. Removing 45% precipitation had little impact on R for either species. Species differences in the response of R under elevated temperature were related to substrate availability and stomatal response to leaf water potential. Despite not acclimating to the higher temperature and having higher R than piñon, greater substrate availability in juniper suggests it could supply respiratory demand for much longer than piñon. Species responses will be critical in ecosystem response to a warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Collins
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Michael G Ryan
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Lee Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Núria Garcia-Forner
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heath H Powers
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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14
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McAusland L, Smith KE, Williams A, Molero G, Murchie EH. Nocturnal stomatal conductance in wheat is growth-stage specific and shows genotypic variation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:162-175. [PMID: 34143507 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal stomatal conductance (gsn ) represents a significant source of water loss, with implications for metabolism, thermal regulation and water-use efficiency. With increasing nocturnal temperatures due to climate change, it is vital to identify and understand variation in the magnitude and responses of gsn in major crops. We assessed interspecific variation in gsn and daytime stomatal conductance (gs ) in a wild relative and modern spring wheat genotype. To investigate intraspecific variation, we grew six modern wheat genotypes and two landraces under well watered, simulated field conditions. For the diurnal data, higher gsn in the wild relative was associated with significantly lower nocturnal respiration and higher daytime CO2 assimilation while both species exhibited declines in gsn post-dusk and pre-dawn. Lifetime gsn achieved rates of 5.7-18.9% of gs . Magnitude of gsn was genotype specific 'and positively correlated with gs . gsn and gs were significantly higher on the adaxial surface. No relationship was determined between harvest characteristics, stomatal morphology and gsn , while cuticular conductance was genotype specific. Finally, for the majority of genotypes, gsn declined with age. Here we present the discovery that variation in gsn occurs across developmental, morphological and temporal scales in nonstressed wheat, presenting opportunities for exploiting intrinsic variation under heat or water stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna McAusland
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kellie E Smith
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alexander Williams
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El Batan, Texcoco, CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Erik H Murchie
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
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15
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Li X, Marquardt A, Wasson A. Carbon budgeting belowground. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:5-7. [PMID: 34216155 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Anton Wasson
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
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16
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Schmiege SC, Buckley BM, Stevenson DW, Heskel MA, Cuong TQ, Nam LC, Griffin KL. Respiratory temperature responses of tropical conifers differ with leaf morphology. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Schmiege
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY USA
| | | | - Dennis W. Stevenson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY USA
| | - Mary A. Heskel
- Department of Biology Macalester College Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Truong Quang Cuong
- Bidoup Nui Ba National Park Lac Duong District Lam Dong Province Vietnam
| | - Le Canh Nam
- Forest Science Institute of Central Highlands and South of Central Vietnam Dalat City Lam Dong Province Vietnam
| | - Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University New York NY USA
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17
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Reynolds M, Atkin OK, Bennett M, Cooper M, Dodd IC, Foulkes MJ, Frohberg C, Hammer G, Henderson IR, Huang B, Korzun V, McCouch SR, Messina CD, Pogson BJ, Slafer GA, Taylor NL, Wittich PE. Addressing Research Bottlenecks to Crop Productivity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:607-630. [PMID: 33893046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry of investment in crop research leads to knowledge gaps and lost opportunities to accelerate genetic gain through identifying new sources and combinations of traits and alleles. On the basis of consultation with scientists from most major seed companies, we identified several research areas with three common features: (i) relatively underrepresented in the literature; (ii) high probability of boosting productivity in a wide range of crops and environments; and (iii) could be researched in 'precompetitive' space, leveraging previous knowledge, and thereby improving models that guide crop breeding and management decisions. Areas identified included research into hormones, recombination, respiration, roots, and source-sink, which, along with new opportunities in phenomics, genomics, and bioinformatics, make it more feasible to explore crop genetic resources and improve breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M John Foulkes
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Claus Frohberg
- BASF BBC-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | | | - Susan R McCouch
- Plant Breeding & Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Carlos D Messina
- Corteva Agriscience, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50310, USA.
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, AGROTECNIO, CERCA Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; ICREA, Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter E Wittich
- Syngenta Seeds B.V., Westeinde 62, 1601 BK, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Mujawamariya M, Wittemann M, Manishimwe A, Ntirugulirwa B, Zibera E, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J, Dusenge ME. Complete or overcompensatory thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration in African tropical trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2548-2561. [PMID: 33113226 PMCID: PMC7898918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical climates are getting warmer, with pronounced dry periods in large areas. The productivity and climate feedbacks of future tropical forests depend on the ability of trees to acclimate their physiological processes, such as leaf dark respiration (Rd ), to these new conditions. However, knowledge on this is currently limited due to data scarcity. We studied the impact of growth temperature on Rd and its dependency on net photosynthesis (An ), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) in 16 early-successional (ES) and late-successional (LS) tropical tree species in multispecies plantations along an elevation gradient (Rwanda TREE project). Moreover, we explored the effect of drought on Rd in one ES and one LS species. Leaf Rd at 20°C decreased at warmer sites, regardless if it was expressed per unit leaf area, mass, N or P. This acclimation resulted in an 8% and a 28% decrease in Rd at prevailing nighttime temperatures in trees at the intermediate and warmest sites, respectively. Moreover, drought reduced Rd , particularly in the ES species and at the coolest site. Thermal acclimation of Rd is complete or overcompensatory and independent of changes in leaf nutrients or LMA in African tropical trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development BoardPO Box 5016KigaliRwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological SciencesUniversity of RwandaBusogoRwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
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19
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Xu M, Liáng LL, Kirschbaum MUF, Fang S, Yu Y. Short-Term Temperature Response of Leaf Respiration in Different Subtropical Urban Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:628995. [PMID: 33519882 PMCID: PMC7841330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.628995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf respiration is one of the critical components of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. To predict changes of carbon emissions from leaves to the atmosphere under a warming climate, it is, therefore, important to understand the thermodynamics of the temperature response of leaf respiration. In this study, we measured the short-term temperature response of leaf respiration from five different urban tree species in a subtropical region of southern China. We applied two models, including an empirical model (the Kavanau model) and a mechanistic model (Macromolecular Rate Theory, MMRT), to investigate the thermodynamic properties in different plant species. Both models are equivalent in fitting measurements of the temperature response of leaf respiration with no significant difference (p = 0.67) in model efficiency, while MMRT provides an easy way to determine the thermodynamic properties, i.e., enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of activation, for plant respiration. We found a conserved temperature response in the five studied plant species, showing no difference in thermodynamic properties and the relative temperature sensitivity for different species at low temperatures (<42°C). However, divergent temperature response among species happened at high temperatures over 42°C, showing more than two-fold differences in relative respiration rate compared to that below 42°C, although the causes of the divergent temperature response remain unclear. Notably, the convergent temperature response at low temperatures could provide useful information for land surface models to improve predictions of climate change effects on plant respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lìyǐn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Shuyi Fang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Yu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Ven A, Verlinden MS, Fransen E, Olsson PA, Verbruggen E, Wallander H, Vicca S. Phosphorus addition increased carbon partitioning to autotrophic respiration but not to biomass production in an experiment with Zea mays. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2054-2065. [PMID: 32400909 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant carbon (C) partitioning-the relative use of photosynthates for biomass production, respiration, and other plant functions-is a key but poorly understood ecosystem process. In an experiment with Zea mays, with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we investigated the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilization and AMF on plant C partitioning. Based on earlier studies, we expected C partitioning to biomass production (i.e., biomass production efficiency; BPE) to increase with increasing P addition due to reduced C partitioning to AMF. However, although plant growth was clearly stimulated by P addition, BPE did not increase. Instead, C partitioning to autotrophic respiration increased. These results contrasted with our expectations and with a previous experiment in the same set-up where P addition increased BPE while no effect on autotropic respiration was found. The comparison of both experiments suggests a key role for AMF in explaining these contrasts. Whereas in the previous experiment substantial C partitioning to AMF reduced BPE under low P, in the current experiment, C partitioning to AMF was too low to directly influence BPE. Our results illustrate the complex influence of nutrient availability and mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant C partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ven
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Melanie S Verlinden
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pål Axel Olsson
- Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a Time of Change, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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21
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Qu M, Essemine J, Li M, Chang S, Chang T, Chen GY, Zhu XG. Genome-Wide Association Study Unravels LRK1 as a Dark Respiration Regulator in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4930. [PMID: 32668582 PMCID: PMC7404070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration is a major plant physiological process that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support the various pathways involved in the plant growth and development. After decades of focused research on basic mechanisms of respiration, the processes and major proteins involved in respiration are well elucidated. However, much less is known about the natural variation of respiration. Here we conducted a survey on the natural variation of leaf dark respiration (Rd) in a global rice minicore diversity panel and applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine candidate loci associated with Rd. This rice minicore diversity panel consists of 206 accessions, which were grown under both growth room (GR) and field conditions. We found that Rd shows high single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability under GR and it is significantly affected by genotype-environment interactions. Rd also exhibits strong positive correlation to the leaf thickness and chlorophyll content. GWAS results of Rd collected under GR and field show an overlapped genomic region in the chromosome 3 (Chr.3), which contains a lead SNP (3m29440628). There are 12 candidate genes within this region; among them, three genes show significantly higher expression levels in accessions with high Rd. Particularly, we observed that the LRK1 gene, annotated as leucine rich repeat receptor kinase, was up-regulated four times. We further found that a single significantly associated SNPs at the promoter region of LRK1, was strongly correlated with the mean annual temperature of the regions from where minicore accessions were collected. A rice lrk1 mutant shows only ~37% Rd of that of WT and retarded growth following exposure to 35 °C for 30 days, but only 24% reduction in growth was recorded under normal temperature (25 °C). This study demonstrates a substantial natural variation of Rd in rice and that the LRK1 gene can regulate leaf dark respiratory fluxes, especially under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingnan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuoqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiangen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gen-Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Sadok W, Jagadish SVK. The Hidden Costs of Nighttime Warming on Yields. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:644-651. [PMID: 32526169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nighttime warming poses a threat to global food security as it is driving yield declines worldwide, but our understanding of the physiological basis of this phenomenon remains very limited. Furthermore, it is often assumed that such declines are driven solely by increases in nighttime temperature (TNight). Here we argue that, in addition to temperature, increases in nighttime evaporative demand may 'conspire' to penalize yields and end-use quality traits. We propose an ecophysiological framework outlining the possible mechanistic basis of such declines in yield and quality. We suggest ways to use the proposed framework as a guide to future efforts aimed at alleviating productivity losses by integrating crop ecophysiology with modeling, breeding, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, MN, USA.
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23
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Wang H, Atkin OK, Keenan TF, Smith NG, Wright IJ, Bloomfield KJ, Kattge J, Reich PB, Prentice IC. Acclimation of leaf respiration consistent with optimal photosynthetic capacity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2573-2583. [PMID: 32091184 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is an important contributor to the proposed positive global carbon-cycle feedback to climate change. However, as a major component, leaf mitochondrial ('dark') respiration (Rd ) differs among species adapted to contrasting environments and is known to acclimate to sustained changes in temperature. No accepted theory explains these phenomena or predicts its magnitude. Here we propose that the acclimation of Rd follows an optimal behaviour related to the need to maintain long-term average photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax ) so that available environmental resources can be most efficiently used for photosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we extend photosynthetic co-ordination theory to predict the acclimation of Rd to growth temperature via a link to Vcmax , and compare predictions to a global set of measurements from 112 sites spanning all terrestrial biomes. This extended co-ordination theory predicts that field-measured Rd and Vcmax accessed at growth temperature (Rd,tg and Vcmax,tg ) should increase by 3.7% and 5.5% per degree increase in growth temperature. These acclimated responses to growth temperature are less steep than the corresponding instantaneous responses, which increase 8.1% and 9.9% per degree of measurement temperature for Rd and Vcmax respectively. Data-fitted responses proof indistinguishable from the values predicted by our theory, and smaller than the instantaneous responses. Theory and data are also shown to agree that the basal rates of both Rd and Vcmax assessed at 25°C (Rd,25 and Vcmax,25 ) decline by ~4.4% per degree increase in growth temperature. These results provide a parsimonious general theory for Rd acclimation to temperature that is simpler-and potentially more reliable-than the plant functional type-based leaf respiration schemes currently employed in most ecosystem and land-surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Joint Centre for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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24
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Rashid FAA, Crisp PA, Zhang Y, Berkowitz O, Pogson BJ, Day DA, Masle J, Dewar RC, Whelan J, Atkin OK, Scafaro AP. Molecular and physiological responses during thermal acclimation of leaf photosynthesis and respiration in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:594-610. [PMID: 31860752 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To further our understanding of how sustained changes in temperature affect the carbon economy of rice (Oryza sativa), hydroponically grown plants of the IR64 cultivar were developed at 30°C/25°C (day/night) before being shifted to 25/20°C or 40/35°C. Leaf messenger RNA and protein abundance, sugar and starch concentrations, and gas-exchange and elongation rates were measured on preexisting leaves (PE) already developed at 30/25°C or leaves newly developed (ND) subsequent to temperature transfer. Following a shift in growth temperature, there was a transient adjustment in metabolic gene transcript abundance of PE leaves before homoeostasis was reached within 24 hr, aligning with Rdark (leaf dark respiratory CO2 release) and An (net CO2 assimilation) changes. With longer exposure, the central respiratory protein cytochrome c oxidase (COX) declined in abundance at 40/35°C. In contrast to Rdark , An was maintained across the three growth temperatures in ND leaves. Soluble sugars did not differ significantly with growth temperature, and growth was fastest with extended exposure at 40/35°C. The results highlight that acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration is asynchronous in rice, with heat-acclimated plants exhibiting a striking ability to maintain net carbon gain and growth when exposed to heat-wave temperatures, even while reducing investment in energy-conserving respiratory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Azzahra Ahmad Rashid
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjung Malim, Malaysia
| | - Peter A Crisp
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - You Zhang
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josette Masle
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Roderick C Dewar
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew P Scafaro
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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25
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Smith NG, Li G, Dukes JS. Short-term thermal acclimation of dark respiration is greater in non-photosynthetic than in photosynthetic tissues. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz064. [PMID: 31777651 PMCID: PMC6863468 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal acclimation of plant respiration is highly relevant to climate projections; when included in models, it reduces the future rate of atmospheric CO2 rise. Although all living plant tissues respire, few studies have examined differences in acclimation among tissues, and leaf responses have received greater attention than stems and roots. Here, we examine the short-term temperature acclimation of leaf, stem and root respiration within individuals of eight disparate species acclimated to five temperatures, ranging from 15 to 35 °C. To assess acclimation, we measured instantaneous tissue temperature response curves (14-50 °C) on each individual following a 7-day acclimation period. In leaves and photosynthetic stems, the acclimation temperature had little effect on the instantaneous tissue temperature response of respiration, indicating little to no thermal acclimation in these tissues. However, respiration did acclimate in non-photosynthetic tissues; respiratory rates measured at the acclimation temperature were similar across the different acclimation temperatures. Respiratory demand of photosynthetic tissue increased with acclimation temperature as a result of increased photosynthetic demands, resulting in rates measured at the acclimation temperature that increased with increasing acclimation temperature. In non-photosynthetic tissue, the homeostatic response of respiration suggests that acclimation temperature had little influence on respiratory demand. Our results indicate that respiratory temperature acclimation differs by tissue type and that this difference is the consequence of the coupling between photosynthesis and respiration in photosynthetic, but not non-photosynthetic tissue. These insights provide an avenue for improving the representation of respiratory temperature acclimation in large-scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Guoyong Li
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jeffrey S Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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26
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Posch BC, Kariyawasam BC, Bramley H, Coast O, Richards RA, Reynolds MP, Trethowan R, Atkin OK. Exploring high temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration to improve heat tolerance in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5051-5069. [PMID: 31145793 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures account for major wheat yield losses annually and, as the climate continues to warm, these losses will probably increase. Both photosynthesis and respiration are the main determinants of carbon balance and growth in wheat, and both are sensitive to high temperature. Wheat is able to acclimate photosynthesis and respiration to high temperature, and thus reduce the negative affects on growth. The capacity to adjust these processes to better suit warmer conditions stands as a potential avenue toward reducing heat-induced yield losses in the future. However, much remains to be learnt about such phenomena. Here, we review what is known of high temperature tolerance in wheat, focusing predominantly on the high temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration. We also identify the many unknowns that surround this area, particularly with respect to the high temperature response of wheat respiration and the consequences of this for growth and yield. It is concluded that further investigation into the response of photosynthesis and respiration to high temperature could present several methods of improving wheat high temperature tolerance. Extending our knowledge in this area could also lead to more immediate benefits, such as the enhancement of current crop models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Buddhima C Kariyawasam
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Matthew P Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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27
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Wang D, Wang H, Wang P, Ling T, Tao W, Yang Z. Warming Treatment Methodology Affected the Response of Plant Ecophysiological Traits to Temperature Increases: A Quantitive Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:957. [PMID: 31552059 PMCID: PMC6743343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Global mean temperature is expected to significantly increase by the end of the twenty-first century and could have dramatic impacts on a plant's growth, physiology, and ecosystem processes. Temperature manipulative experiments have been conducted to understand the responsive pattern of plant ecophysiology to climate warming. However, it remains unknown how different methodology used in these experiments will affect plants ecophysiological responses to warming. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of the warming manipulative studies to synthesize the ecophysiological traits responses to warming treatment of different intensities, durations, and conducted for different species and under different experimental settings. The results indicated that warming enhanced leaf dark respiration (Rd) and specific leaf area (SLA) but decreased net photosynthetic rate (Anet) and leaf nitrogen content (LN). The positive and negative effects of warming on Rd and Anet were greater for C4 species than C3 species, respectively. The negative effect of warming treatment on Anet and LN and the positive effect on Rd were more evident under >1 year warming treatment. Negative effects of warming were more evident for plants grown at <10 L pots when experiment duration was longer than 1 year. The magnitude of warming treatment had a significant impact on most of the parameters that were investigated in the study. Overall, the results showed that warming effects on plant ecophysiological traits varied among different response variables and PFTs and affected by the magnitude of temperature change and experimental methodology. The results highlight the need for cautiously selecting the values of plant ecophysiological parameters in forecasting ecosystem function changes in future climate regimes and designing controlled experiments to realistically reflecting ecosystems responses to future global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Meteorological Bureau of Chengde City, Chengde, China
| | - Tianqi Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaiqiang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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28
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Coast O, Shah S, Ivakov A, Gaju O, Wilson PB, Posch BC, Bryant CJ, Negrini ACA, Evans JR, Condon AG, Silva-Pérez V, Reynolds MP, Pogson BJ, Millar AH, Furbank RT, Atkin OK. Predicting dark respiration rates of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2133-2150. [PMID: 30835839 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Greater availability of leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) data could facilitate breeding efforts to raise crop yield and improve global carbon cycle modelling. However, the availability of Rdark data is limited because it is cumbersome, time consuming, or destructive to measure. We report a non-destructive and high-throughput method of estimating Rdark from leaf hyperspectral reflectance data that was derived from leaf Rdark measured by a destructive high-throughput oxygen consumption technique. We generated a large dataset of leaf Rdark for wheat (1380 samples) from 90 genotypes, multiple growth stages, and growth conditions to generate models for Rdark . Leaf Rdark (per unit leaf area, fresh mass, dry mass or nitrogen, N) varied 7- to 15-fold among individual plants, whereas traits known to scale with Rdark , leaf N, and leaf mass per area (LMA) only varied twofold to fivefold. Our models predicted leaf Rdark , N, and LMA with r2 values of 0.50-0.63, 0.91, and 0.75, respectively, and relative bias of 17-18% for Rdark and 7-12% for N and LMA. Our results suggest that hyperspectral model prediction of wheat leaf Rdark is largely independent of leaf N and LMA. Potential drivers of hyperspectral signatures of Rdark are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Shahen Shah
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Philippa B Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Callum J Bryant
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Anna Clarissa A Negrini
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony G Condon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Viridiana Silva-Pérez
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), México, 06600, Mexico
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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29
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Drake JE, Furze ME, Tjoelker MG, Carrillo Y, Barton CVM, Pendall E. Climate warming and tree carbon use efficiency in a whole-tree 13 CO 2 tracer study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1313-1324. [PMID: 30840319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic respiration is a major driver of the global C cycle and may contribute a positive climate warming feedback through increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2 . The extent of this feedback depends on plants' ability to acclimate respiration to maintain a constant carbon use efficiency (CUE). We quantified respiratory partitioning of gross primary production (GPP) and CUE of field-grown trees in a long-term warming experiment (+3°C). We delivered a 13 C-CO2 pulse to whole tree crowns and chased that pulse in the respiration of leaves, whole crowns, roots, and soil. We also measured the isotopic composition of soil microbial biomass and the respiration rates of leaves and whole crowns. We documented homeostatic respiratory acclimation of foliar and whole-crown respiration rates; the trees adjusted to experimental warming such that leaf-level respiration rates were not increased. Experimental warming had no detectable impact on respiratory partitioning or mean residence times. Of the 13 C label acquired by the trees, aboveground respiration consumed 10%, belowground respiration consumed 40%, and the remaining 50% was retained. Experimental warming of +3°C did not alter respiratory partitioning at the scale of entire trees, suggesting that complete acclimation of respiration to warming is likely to dampen a positive climate warming feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Morgan E Furze
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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30
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O'Leary BM, Asao S, Millar AH, Atkin OK. Core principles which explain variation in respiration across biological scales. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:670-686. [PMID: 30394553 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 670 I. Introduction 671 II. Principle 1 - Plant respiration performs three distinct functions 673 III. Principle 2 - Metabolic pathway flexibility underlies plant respiratory performance 676 IV. Principle 3 - Supply and demand interact over time to set plant respiration rate 677 V. Principle 4 - Plant respiratory acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities 679 VI. Principle 5 - Respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies 680 VII. Future directions 680 Acknowledgements 682 References 682 SUMMARY: Respiration is a core biological process that has important implications for the biochemistry, physiology, and ecology of plants. The study of plant respiration is thus conducted from several different perspectives by a range of scientific disciplines with dissimilar objectives, such as metabolic engineering, crop breeding, and climate-change modelling. One aspect in common among the different objectives is a need to understand and quantify the variation in respiration across scales of biological organization. The central tenet of this review is that different perspectives on respiration can complement each other when connected. To better accommodate interdisciplinary thinking, we identify distinct mechanisms which encompass the variation in respiratory rates and functions across biological scales. The relevance of these mechanisms towards variation in plant respiration are explained in the context of five core principles: (1) respiration performs three distinct functions; (2) metabolic pathway flexibility underlies respiratory performance; (3) supply and demand interact over time to set respiration rates; (4) acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities; and (5) respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies. We argue that each perspective on respiration rests on these principles to varying degrees and that broader appreciation of how respiratory variation occurs can unite research across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M O'Leary
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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31
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Impa SM, Sunoj VSJ, Krassovskaya I, Bheemanahalli R, Obata T, Jagadish SVK. Carbon balance and source-sink metabolic changes in winter wheat exposed to high night-time temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1233-1246. [PMID: 30471235 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon loss under high night-time temperature (HNT) leads to significant reduction in wheat yield. Growth chamber studies were carried out using six winter wheat genotypes, to unravel postheading HNT (23°C)-induced alterations in carbon balance, source-sink metabolic changes, yield, and yield-related traits compared with control (15°C) conditions. Four of the six tested genotypes recorded a significant increase in night respiration after 4 days of HNT exposure, with all the cultivars regulating carbon loss and demonstrating different degree of acclimation to extended HNT exposure. Metabolite profiling indicated carbohydrate metabolism in spikes and activation of the TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle in leaves as important pathways operating under HNT exposure. A significant increase in sugars, sugar-alcohols, and phosphate in spikes of the tolerant genotype (Tascosa) indicated osmolytes and membrane protective mechanisms acting against HNT damage. Enhanced night respiration under HNT resulted in higher accumulation of TCA cycle intermediates like isocitrate and fumarate in leaves of the susceptible genotype (TX86A5606). Lower grain number due to lesser productive spikes and reduced grain weight due to shorter grain-filling duration determined HNT-induced yield loss in winter wheat. Traits and mechanisms identified will help catalyze the development of physiological and metabolic markers for breeding HNT-tolerant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayanda M Impa
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - V S John Sunoj
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Inga Krassovskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Raju Bheemanahalli
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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32
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Collalti A, Thornton PE, Cescatti A, Rita A, Borghetti M, Nolè A, Trotta C, Ciais P, Matteucci G. The sensitivity of the forest carbon budget shifts across processes along with stand development and climate change. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01837. [PMID: 30549378 PMCID: PMC6849766 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The future trajectory of atmospheric CO2 concentration depends on the development of the terrestrial carbon sink, which in turn is influenced by forest dynamics under changing environmental conditions. An in-depth understanding of model sensitivities and uncertainties in non-steady-state conditions is necessary for reliable and robust projections of forest development and under scenarios of global warming and CO2 enrichment. Here, we systematically assessed if a biogeochemical process-based model (3D-CMCC-CNR), which embeds similarities with many other vegetation models, applied in simulating net primary productivity (NPP) and standing woody biomass (SWB), maintained a consistent sensitivity to its 55 input parameters through time, during forest ageing and structuring as well as under climate change scenarios. Overall, the model applied at three contrasting European forests showed low sensitivity to the majority of its parameters. Interestingly, model sensitivity to parameters varied through the course of >100 yr of simulations. In particular, the model showed a large responsiveness to the allometric parameters used for initialize forest carbon and nitrogen pools early in forest simulation (i.e., for NPP up to ~37%, 256 g C·m-2 ·yr-1 and for SWB up to ~90%, 65 Mg C/ha, when compared to standard simulation), with this sensitivity decreasing sharply during forest development. At medium to longer time scales, and under climate change scenarios, the model became increasingly more sensitive to additional and/or different parameters controlling biomass accumulation and autotrophic respiration (i.e., for NPP up to ~30%, 167 g C·m-2 ·yr-1 and for SWB up to ~24%, 64 Mg C/ha, when compared to standard simulation). Interestingly, model outputs were shown to be more sensitive to parameters and processes controlling stand development rather than to climate change (i.e., warming and changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration) itself although model sensitivities were generally higher under climate change scenarios. Our results suggest the need for sensitivity and uncertainty analyses that cover multiple temporal scales along forest developmental stages to better assess the potential of future forests to act as a global terrestrial carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Collalti
- National Research Council of ItalyInstitute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR‐ISAFOM)87036RendeCosenzaItaly
- Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (CMCC‐IAFES) DivisionFoundation Euro‐Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change01100ViterboItaly
| | - Peter E. Thornton
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37830USA
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- Joint Research CentreDirectorate for Sustainable ResourcesEuropean CommissionIspraItaly
| | - Angelo Rita
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi della BasilicataViale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10PotenzaPotenza85100Italy
| | - Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi della BasilicataViale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10PotenzaPotenza85100Italy
| | - Angelo Nolè
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi della BasilicataViale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10PotenzaPotenza85100Italy
| | - Carlo Trotta
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia01100ViterboItaly
| | - Philippe Ciais
- IPSL–LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ UPSaclay Centre d'Etudes Orme des Merisiers91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of ItalyInstitute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR‐ISAFOM)87036RendeCosenzaItaly
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33
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Dusenge ME, Duarte AG, Way DA. Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO 2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:32-49. [PMID: 29983005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 32 I. The importance of plant carbon metabolism for climate change 32 II. Rising atmospheric CO2 and carbon metabolism 33 III. Rising temperatures and carbon metabolism 37 IV. Thermal acclimation responses of carbon metabolic processes can be best understood when studied together 38 V. Will elevated CO2 offset warming-induced changes in carbon metabolism? 40 VI. No plant is an island: water and nutrient limitations define plant responses to climate drivers 41 VII. Conclusions 42 Acknowledgements 42 References 42 Appendix A1 48 SUMMARY: Plant carbon metabolism is impacted by rising CO2 concentrations and temperatures, but also feeds back onto the climate system to help determine the trajectory of future climate change. Here we review how photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration are affected by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate warming, both separately and in combination. We also compile data from the literature on plants grown at multiple temperatures, focusing on net CO2 assimilation rates and leaf dark respiration rates measured at the growth temperature (Agrowth and Rgrowth , respectively). Our analyses show that the ratio of Agrowth to Rgrowth is generally homeostatic across a wide range of species and growth temperatures, and that species that have reduced Agrowth at higher growth temperatures also tend to have reduced Rgrowth , while species that show stimulations in Agrowth under warming tend to have higher Rgrowth in the hotter environment. These results highlight the need to study these physiological processes together to better predict how vegetation carbon metabolism will respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - André Galvao Duarte
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Marín-Guirao L, Bernardeau-Esteller J, García-Muñoz R, Ramos A, Ontoria Y, Romero J, Pérez M, Ruiz JM, Procaccini G. Carbon economy of Mediterranean seagrasses in response to thermal stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:617-629. [PMID: 30301080 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased plant mortality in temperate seagrass populations has been recently observed after summer heatwaves, although the underlying causes of plant death are yet unknown. The potential energetic constrains resulting from anomalous thermal events could be the reason that triggered seagrass mortality, as demonstrated for benthic invertebrates. To test this hypothesis, the carbon balance of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa plants from contrasting thermal environments was investigated during a simulated heatwave, by analyzing their photosynthetic performance, carbon balance (ratio photosynthesis:respiration), carbohydrates content, growth and mortality. Both species were able to overcome and recover from the thermal stress produced by the six-week exposure to temperatures 4 °C above mean summer levels, albeit plants from cold waters were more sensitive to warming than plants from warm waters as reflected by their inability to maintain their P:R ratio unaltered. The strategies through which plants tend to preserve their energetic status varied depending on the biology of the species and the thermal origin of plants. These included respiratory homeostasis (P. oceanica warm-plants), carbon diversion from growth to respiration (C. nodosa cold-plants) or storage (P. oceanica warm-plants) and changes in biomass allocation (C. nodosa warm-plants). Findings suggest an important geographic heterogeneity in the overall response of Mediterranean seagrasses to warming with potential negative impacts on the functions and services offered by seagrass meadows including among others their capacity for carbon sequestration and carbon export to adjacent ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marín-Guirao
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - J Bernardeau-Esteller
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - R García-Muñoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ramos
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Y Ontoria
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Romero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Procaccini
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Collalti A, Trotta C, Keenan TF, Ibrom A, Bond‐Lamberty B, Grote R, Vicca S, Reyer CPO, Migliavacca M, Veroustraete F, Anav A, Campioli M, Scoccimarro E, Šigut L, Grieco E, Cescatti A, Matteucci G. Thinning Can Reduce Losses in Carbon Use Efficiency and Carbon Stocks in Managed Forests Under Warmer Climate. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2018; 10:2427-2452. [PMID: 31007835 PMCID: PMC6472666 DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Forest carbon use efficiency (CUE, the ratio of net to gross primary productivity) represents the fraction of photosynthesis that is not used for plant respiration. Although important, it is often neglected in climate change impact analyses. Here we assess the potential impact of thinning on projected carbon cycle dynamics and implications for forest CUE and its components (i.e., gross and net primary productivity and plant respiration), as well as on forest biomass production. Using a detailed process-based forest ecosystem model forced by climate outputs of five Earth System Models under four representative climate scenarios, we investigate the sensitivity of the projected future changes in the autotrophic carbon budget of three representative European forests. We focus on changes in CUE and carbon stocks as a result of warming, rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, and forest thinning. Results show that autotrophic carbon sequestration decreases with forest development, and the decrease is faster with warming and in unthinned forests. This suggests that the combined impacts of climate change and changing CO2 concentrations lead the forests to grow faster, mature earlier, and also die younger. In addition, we show that under future climate conditions, forest thinning could mitigate the decrease in CUE, increase carbon allocation into more recalcitrant woody pools, and reduce physiological-climate-induced mortality risks. Altogether, our results show that thinning can improve the efficacy of forest-based mitigation strategies and should be carefully considered within a portfolio of mitigation options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Collalti
- Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services DivisionFoundation Euro‐Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC)ViterboItaly
- National Research Council of ItalyInstitute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR‐ISAFOM)RendeItaly
| | - Carlo Trotta
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐food and Forest SystemsUniversity of TusciaViterboItaly
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Earth Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)LyngbyDenmark
| | - Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Ruediger Grote
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK‐IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Pant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Anav
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Department Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)LyngbyDenmark
| | - Enrico Scoccimarro
- Climate Simulation and Prediction DivisionFoundation Euro‐Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC)BolognaItaly
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Department of Matter and Energy FluxesGlobal Change Research Institute CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Elisa Grieco
- Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services DivisionFoundation Euro‐Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC)ViterboItaly
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- Directorate for Sustainable ResourcesEuropean Commission, Joint Research CentreIspraItaly
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of ItalyInstitute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR‐ISAFOM)RendeItaly
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Verlinden MS, Ven A, Verbruggen E, Janssens IA, Wallander H, Vicca S. Favorable effect of mycorrhizae on biomass production efficiency exceeds their carbon cost in a fertilization experiment. Ecology 2018; 99:2525-2534. [PMID: 30218450 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biomass production efficiency (BPE), the ratio of biomass production to photosynthesis, varies greatly among ecosystems and typically increases with increasing nutrient availability. Reduced carbon partitioning to mycorrhizal fungi (i.e., per unit photosynthesis) is the hypothesized underlying mechanism, as mycorrhizal abundance and plant dependence on these symbionts typically decrease with increasing nutrient availability. In a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays, we investigated the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition and of mycorrhizal inoculation on BPE. Photosynthesis and respiration were measured at mesocosm scale and at leaf scale. The growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was assessed with ingrowth bags while also making use of the difference in δ13 C between C4 plants and C3 soil. Mesocosms without AMF, that is, with pasteurized soil, were used to further explore the role of AMF. Plant growth, photosynthesis, and BPE were positively affected by P, but not by N addition. AMF biomass also was slightly higher under P addition, but carbon partitioning to AMF was significantly lower than without P addition. Interestingly, in the absence of AMF, plants that did not receive P died prematurely. Our study confirmed the hypothesis that BPE increases with increasing nutrient availability, and that carbon partitioning to AMF plays a key role in this nutrient effect. The comparison of inoculated vs. pasteurized mesocosms further suggested a lower carbon cost of nutrient uptake via AMF than via other mechanisms under nutrient rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Verlinden
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Arne Ven
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
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Patterson AE, Arkebauer R, Quallo C, Heskel MA, Li X, Boelman N, Griffin KL. Temperature response of respiration and respiratory quotients of 16 co-occurring temperate tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1319-1332. [PMID: 29425346 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The forests of the northeastern US are globally, one of the fastest growing terrestrial carbon sinks due to historical declines in large-scale agriculture, timber harvesting and fire disturbance. However, shifting range distributions of tree species with warming air temperatures are altering forest community composition and carbon dynamics. Here, we focus on respiration, a physiological process that is strongly temperature and species dependent. We specifically examined the response of respiration (R; CO2 release) to temperature in 10 broadleaved and six conifer species, as well as the respiratory quotient (RQ; ratio of CO2 released to O2 consumed) of nine broadleaved species that co-occur in the Hudson Highlands Region of New York, USA. The relationships between these physiological measurements and associated leaf traits were also explored. The rates of respiration at 20 °C were 71% higher in northern-ranged broadleaved species when compared with both central- and southern-ranged species. In contrast, the rates of respiration at 20 °C in northern-ranged conifers were 12% lower than in central-ranged conifers. The RQ of broadleaved species increased by 14% as temperatures increased from 15 °C to 35 °C. When RQ values were pooled across temperature, northern-ranged broadleaved species had 12% and 9% lower RQ values than central, and southern-ranged species, respectively, suggesting a reliance on alternative (non-carbohydrate) substrates to fulfill respiratory demands. A Pearson correlation analysis of leaf traits and respiration revealed strong correlations between leaf nitrogen, leaf mass area and R for both broadleaved and conifer species. Our results elucidate leaf trait relationships with tree physiology and reveal the various form and function strategies for species from differing range distributions. Compounded with predicted range distribution shifts and species replacement, this may reduce the carbon storage potential of northeast forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica E Patterson
- Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 5th Fl Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Arkebauer
- Columbia University, Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology Department, 10th Fl Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Crystal Quallo
- Columbia University, Barnard College, Department of Environmental Sciences, 3009 Broadway, 4th Fl Altschul Hall, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary A Heskel
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Ximeng Li
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Boelman
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 5th Fl Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, USA
- Columbia University, Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology Department, 10th Fl Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY, USA
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38
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Duan H, Chaszar B, Lewis JD, Smith RA, Huxman TE, Tissue DT. CO2 and temperature effects on morphological and physiological traits affecting risk of drought-induced mortality. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1138-1151. [PMID: 29701843 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite a wealth of eco-physiological assessments of plant response to extreme drought, few studies have addressed the interactive effects of global change factors on traits driving mortality. To understand the interaction between hydraulic and carbon metabolic traits influencing tree mortality, which may be independently influenced by atmospheric [CO2] and temperature, we grew Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls from seed in a full-factorial [CO2] (280, 400 and 640 μmol mol-1, Cp, Ca and Ce, respectively) and temperature (ambient and ambient +4 °C, Ta and Te, respectively) experiment. Prior to drought, growth across treatment combinations resulted in significant variation in physiological and morphological traits, including photosynthesis (Asat), respiration (Rd), stomatal conductance, carbohydrate storage, biomass and leaf area (LA). Ce increased Asat, LA and leaf carbohydrate concentration compared with Ca, while Cp generated the opposite response; Te reduced Rd. However, upon imposition of drought, Te hastened mortality (9 days sooner compared with Ta), while Ce significantly exacerbated drought stress when combined with Te. Across treatments, earlier time-to-mortality was mainly associated with lower (more negative) leaf water potential (Ψl) during the initial drought phase, along with higher water loss across the first 3 weeks of water limitation. Among many variables, Ψl was more important than carbon status in predicting time-to-mortality across treatments, yet leaf starch was associated with residual variation within treatments. These results highlight the need to carefully consider the integration, interaction and hierarchy of traits contributing to mortality, along with their responses to environmental drivers. Both morphological traits, which influence soil resource extraction, and physiological traits, which affect water-for-carbon exchange to the atmosphere, must be considered to adequately predict plant response to drought. Researchers have struggled with assessing the relative importance of hydraulic and carbon metabolic traits in determining mortality, yet an integrated trait, time-dependent framework provides considerable insight into the risk of death from drought for trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglang Duan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Brian Chaszar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - James D Lewis
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
- Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - Renee A Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - Travis E Huxman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
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Smith NG, Dukes JS. Drivers of leaf carbon exchange capacity across biomes at the continental scale. Ecology 2018; 99:1610-1620. [PMID: 29705984 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409 USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Purdue Climate Change Research Center; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
- Purdue Climate Change Research Center; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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40
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Gong XY, Tcherkez G, Wenig J, Schäufele R, Schnyder H. Determination of leaf respiration in the light: comparison between an isotopic disequilibrium method and the Laisk method. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1371-1382. [PMID: 29611899 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of leaf respiration is important for understanding plant physiology and ecosystem biogeochemical processes. Leaf respiration continues in the light (RL ) but supposedly at a lower rate than in the dark (RDk ). However, there is no method for direct measurement of RL and the available methods require nonphysiological measurement conditions. A method based on isotopic disequilibrium quantified RL (RL13C ) and mesophyll conductance of young and old fully expanded leaves of six species. RL13C was compared to RL determined by the Laisk method (RL Laisk ) on the very same leaves with a minimum time lag. RL 13C and RL Laisk were generally lower than RDk , and were not significantly affected by leaf ageing. RL Laisk and RL 13C were positively correlated (r2 = 0.35), and both were positively correlated with RDk (r2 ≥ 0.6). RL Laisk was systematically lower than RL 13C by 0.4 μmol m-2 s-1 . Using A/Cc instead of A/Ci curves, a higher photocompensation point Γ* (by 5 μmol mol-1 ) was found but no influence on RL Laisk estimates was observed. The results imply that the Laisk method underestimates actual RL significantly, probably related to the measurement condition of low CO2 and irradiance. The isotopic disequilibrium method is useful for assessing responses of RL to irradiance and CO2 , improving our mechanistic understanding of RL .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Gong
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Johannes Wenig
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Buckley TN, Vice H, Adams MA. The Kok effect in Vicia faba cannot be explained solely by changes in chloroplastic CO 2 concentration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1064-1071. [PMID: 28857173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Kok effect - an abrupt decline in quantum yield (QY) of net CO2 assimilation at low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) - is widely used to estimate respiration in the light (R), which assumes the effect is caused by light suppression of R. A recent report suggested much of the Kok effect can be explained by declining chloroplastic CO2 concentration (cc ) at low PPFD. Several predictions arise from the hypothesis that the Kok effect is caused by declining cc , and we tested these predictions in Vicia faba. We measured CO2 exchange at low PPFD, in 2% and 21% oxygen, in developing and mature leaves, which differed greatly in R in darkness. Our results contradicted each of the predictions based on the cc effect: QY exceeded the theoretical maximum value for photosynthetic CO2 uptake; QY was larger in 21% than 2% oxygen; and the change in QY at the Kok effect breakpoint was unaffected by oxygen. Our results strongly suggest the Kok effect arises largely from a progressive decline in R with PPFD that includes both oxygen-sensitive and -insensitive components. We suggest an improved Kok method that accounts for high cc at low PPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Heather Vice
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark A Adams
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Vic, 3122, Australia
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Turnbull MH, Ogaya R, Barbeta A, Peñuelas J, Zaragoza-Castells J, Atkin OK, Valladares F, Gimeno TE, Pías B, Griffin KL. Light inhibition of foliar respiration in response to soil water availability and seasonal changes in temperature in Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:1178-1193. [PMID: 32480643 DOI: 10.1071/fp17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated variations in leaf respiration in darkness (RD) and light (RL), and associated traits in response to season, and along a gradient of soil moisture, in Mediterranean woodland dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) in central and north-eastern Spain respectively. On seven occasions during the year in the central Spain site, and along the soil moisture gradient in north-eastern Spain, we measured rates of leaf RD, RL (using the Kok method), light-saturated photosynthesis (A) and related light response characteristics, leaf mass per unit area (MA) and leaf nitrogen (N) content. At the central Spain site, significant seasonal changes in soil water content and ambient temperature (T) were associated with changes in MA, foliar N, A and stomatal conductance. RD measured at the prevailing daily T and in instantaneous R-T responses, displayed signs of partial acclimation and was not significantly affected by time of year. RL was always less than, and strongly related to, RD, and RL/RD did not vary significantly or systematically with seasonal changes in T or soil water content. Averaged over the year, RL/RD was 0.66±0.05s.e. (n=14) at the central Spain site. At the north-eastern Spain site, the soil moisture gradient was characterised by increasing MA and RD, and reduced foliar N, A, and stomatal conductance as soil water availability decreased. Light inhibition of R occurred across all sites (mean RL/RD=0.69±0.01s.e. (n=18)), resulting in ratios of RL/A being lower than for RD/A. Importantly, the degree of light inhibition was largely insensitive to changes in soil water content. Our findings provide evidence for a relatively constrained degree of light inhibition of R (RL/RD ~ 0.7, or inhibition of ~30%) across gradients of water availability, although the combined impacts of seasonal changes in both T and soil water content increase the range of values expressed. The findings thus have implications in terms of the assumptions made by predictive models that seek to account for light inhibition of R, and for our understanding of how environmental gradients impact on leaf trait relationships in Mediterranean plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Barbeta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Beatriz Pías
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, 6 Biology, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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Stutz SS, Anderson J, Zulick R, Hanson DT. Inside out: efflux of carbon dioxide from leaves represents more than leaf metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2849-2857. [PMID: 28575237 PMCID: PMC5853528 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of inorganic carbon in the xylem, produced from root, stem, and branch respiration, travel via the transpiration stream and eventually exit the plant through distant tissues as CO2. Unlike previous studies that focused on the efflux of CO2 from roots and woody tissues, we focus on efflux from leaves and the potential effect on leaf respiration measurements. We labeled transported inorganic carbon, spanning reported xylem concentrations, with 13C and then manipulated transpiration rates in the dark in order to vary the rates of inorganic carbon supply to cut leaves from Brassica napus and Populus deltoides. We used tunable diode laser absorbance spectroscopy to directly measure the rate of gross 13CO2 efflux, derived from inorganic carbon supplied from outside of the leaf, relative to gross 12CO2 efflux generated from leaf cells. These experiemnts showed that 13CO2 efflux was dependent upon the rate of inorganic carbon supply to the leaf and the rate of transpiration. Our data show that the gross leaf efflux of xylem-transported CO2 is likely small in the dark when rates of transpiration are low. However, gross leaf efflux of xylem-transported CO2 could approach half the rate of leaf respiration in the light when transpiration rates and branch inorganic carbon concentrations are high, irrespective of the grossly different petiole morphologies in our experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Stutz
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeremiah Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachael Zulick
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Huang J, Hammerbacher A, Forkelová L, Hartmann H. Release of resource constraints allows greater carbon allocation to secondary metabolites and storage in winter wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:672-685. [PMID: 28010041 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]) is rapidly increasing, and this may have substantial impact on how plants allocate metabolic resources. A thorough understanding of allocation priorities can be achieved by modifying [CO2 ] over a large gradient, including low [CO2 ], thereby altering plant carbon (C) availability. Such information is of critical importance for understanding plant responses to global environmental change. We quantified the percentage of daytime whole-plant net assimilation (A) allocated to night-time respiration (R), structural growth (SG), nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and secondary metabolites (SMs) during 8 weeks of vegetative growth in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growing at low, ambient and elevated [CO2 ] (170, 390 and 680 ppm). R/A remained relatively constant over a large gradient of [CO2 ]. However, with increasing C availability, the fraction of assimilation allocated to biomass (SG + NSC + SMs), in particular NSC and SMs, increased. At low [CO2 ], biomass and NSC increased in leaves but decreased in stems and roots, which may help plants achieve a functional equilibrium, that is, overcome the most severe resource limitation. These results reveal that increasing C availability from rising [CO2 ] releases allocation constraints, thereby allowing greater investment into long-term survival in the form of NSC and SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lenka Forkelová
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Rowland L, Zaragoza‐Castells J, Bloomfield KJ, Turnbull MH, Bonal D, Burban B, Salinas N, Cosio E, Metcalfe DJ, Ford A, Phillips OL, Atkin OK, Meir P. Scaling leaf respiration with nitrogen and phosphorus in tropical forests across two continents. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1064-1077. [PMID: 27159833 PMCID: PMC5412872 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) represents an important component controlling the carbon balance in tropical forests. Here, we test how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) affect Rdark and its relationship with photosynthesis using three widely separated tropical forests which differ in soil fertility. Rdark was measured on 431 rainforest canopy trees, from 182 species, in French Guiana, Peru and Australia. The variation in Rdark was examined in relation to leaf N and P content, leaf structure and maximum photosynthetic rates at ambient and saturating atmospheric CO2 concentration. We found that the site with the lowest fertility (French Guiana) exhibited greater rates of Rdark per unit leaf N, P and photosynthesis. The data from Australia, for which there were no phylogenetic overlaps with the samples from the South American sites, yielded the most distinct relationships of Rdark with the measured leaf traits. Our data indicate that no single universal scaling relationship accounts for variation in Rdark across this large biogeographical space. Variability between sites in the absolute rates of Rdark and the Rdark : photosynthesis ratio were driven by variations in N- and P-use efficiency, which were related to both taxonomic and environmental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JNUK
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterAmory BuildingExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - Joana Zaragoza‐Castells
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JNUK
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterAmory BuildingExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - Keith J. Bloomfield
- Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
| | - Matthew H. Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag4800ChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRAUMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie ForestieresChampenoux54280France
| | - Benoit Burban
- INRA UMR‐ECOFOGCampus agronomique ‐ BP 31697379KourouFrench GuianaFrance
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Eric Cosio
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica del PeruSeccion QuimicaAv Universitaria 1801, San MiguelLimaPeru
| | - Daniel J. Metcalfe
- CSIROLand and WaterTropical Forest Research CentreAthertonQLD4883Australia
| | - Andrew Ford
- CSIROLand and WaterTropical Forest Research CentreAthertonQLD4883Australia
| | | | - Owen K. Atkin
- Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyDivision of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
| | - Patrick Meir
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterAmory BuildingExeterEX4 4RJUK
- Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
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Scafaro AP, Negrini ACA, O’Leary B, Rashid FAA, Hayes L, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Chochois V, Badger MR, Millar AH, Atkin OK. The combination of gas-phase fluorophore technology and automation to enable high-throughput analysis of plant respiration. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:16. [PMID: 28344635 PMCID: PMC5361846 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial respiration in the dark (Rdark) is a critical plant physiological process, and hence a reliable, efficient and high-throughput method of measuring variation in rates of Rdark is essential for agronomic and ecological studies. However, currently methods used to measure Rdark in plant tissues are typically low throughput. We assessed a high-throughput automated fluorophore system of detecting multiple O2 consumption rates. The fluorophore technique was compared with O2-electrodes, infrared gas analysers (IRGA), and membrane inlet mass spectrometry, to determine accuracy and speed of detecting respiratory fluxes. RESULTS The high-throughput fluorophore system provided stable measurements of Rdark in detached leaf and root tissues over many hours. High-throughput potential was evident in that the fluorophore system was 10 to 26-fold faster per sample measurement than other conventional methods. The versatility of the technique was evident in its enabling: (1) rapid screening of Rdark in 138 genotypes of wheat; and, (2) quantification of rarely-assessed whole-plant Rdark through dissection and simultaneous measurements of above- and below-ground organs. DISCUSSION Variation in absolute Rdark was observed between techniques, likely due to variation in sample conditions (i.e. liquid vs. gas-phase, open vs. closed systems), indicating that comparisons between studies using different measuring apparatus may not be feasible. However, the high-throughput protocol we present provided similar values of Rdark to the most commonly used IRGA instrument currently employed by plant scientists. Together with the greater than tenfold increase in sample processing speed, we conclude that the high-throughput protocol enables reliable, stable and reproducible measurements of Rdark on multiple samples simultaneously, irrespective of plant or tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Bayer CropScience SA-NV, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - A. Clarissa A. Negrini
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Brendan O’Leary
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - F. Azzahra Ahmad Rashid
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - You Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Vincent Chochois
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Murray R. Badger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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47
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Atkin OK, Bahar NHA, Bloomfield KJ, Griffin KL, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, de la Torre AM, Turnbull MH. Leaf Respiration in Terrestrial Biosphere Models. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Scafaro AP, Negrini ACA, O'Leary B, Rashid FAA, Hayes L, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Chochois V, Badger MR, Millar AH, Atkin OK. The combination of gas-phase fluorophore technology and automation to enable high-throughput analysis of plant respiration. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:16. [PMID: 28344635 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0169-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial respiration in the dark (Rdark) is a critical plant physiological process, and hence a reliable, efficient and high-throughput method of measuring variation in rates of Rdark is essential for agronomic and ecological studies. However, currently methods used to measure Rdark in plant tissues are typically low throughput. We assessed a high-throughput automated fluorophore system of detecting multiple O2 consumption rates. The fluorophore technique was compared with O2-electrodes, infrared gas analysers (IRGA), and membrane inlet mass spectrometry, to determine accuracy and speed of detecting respiratory fluxes. RESULTS The high-throughput fluorophore system provided stable measurements of Rdark in detached leaf and root tissues over many hours. High-throughput potential was evident in that the fluorophore system was 10 to 26-fold faster per sample measurement than other conventional methods. The versatility of the technique was evident in its enabling: (1) rapid screening of Rdark in 138 genotypes of wheat; and, (2) quantification of rarely-assessed whole-plant Rdark through dissection and simultaneous measurements of above- and below-ground organs. DISCUSSION Variation in absolute Rdark was observed between techniques, likely due to variation in sample conditions (i.e. liquid vs. gas-phase, open vs. closed systems), indicating that comparisons between studies using different measuring apparatus may not be feasible. However, the high-throughput protocol we present provided similar values of Rdark to the most commonly used IRGA instrument currently employed by plant scientists. Together with the greater than tenfold increase in sample processing speed, we conclude that the high-throughput protocol enables reliable, stable and reproducible measurements of Rdark on multiple samples simultaneously, irrespective of plant or tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Bayer CropScience SA-NV, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - A Clarissa A Negrini
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Brendan O'Leary
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - F Azzahra Ahmad Rashid
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - You Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Vincent Chochois
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Murray R Badger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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Drake JE, Tjoelker MG, Aspinwall MJ, Reich PB, Barton CVM, Medlyn BE, Duursma RA. Does physiological acclimation to climate warming stabilize the ratio of canopy respiration to photosynthesis? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:850-63. [PMID: 27122489 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the contrasting short-term temperature dependences of gross primary production (GPP) and autotrophic respiration, the fraction of GPP respired by trees is predicted to increase with warming, providing a positive feedback to climate change. However, physiological acclimation may dampen or eliminate this response. We measured the fluxes of aboveground respiration (Ra ), GPP and their ratio (Ra /GPP) in large, field-grown Eucalyptus tereticornis trees exposed to ambient or warmed air temperatures (+3°C). We report continuous measurements of whole-canopy CO2 exchange, direct temperature response curves of leaf and canopy respiration, leaf and branch wood respiration, and diurnal photosynthetic measurements. Warming reduced photosynthesis, whereas physiological acclimation prevented a coincident increase in Ra . Ambient and warmed trees had a common nonlinear relationship between the fraction of GPP that was respired above ground (Ra /GPP) and the mean daily temperature. Thus, warming significantly increased Ra /GPP by moving plants to higher positions on the shared Ra /GPP vs daily temperature relationship, but this effect was modest and only notable during hot conditions. Despite the physiological acclimation of autotrophic respiration to warming, increases in temperature and the frequency of heat waves may modestly increase tree Ra /GPP, contributing to a positive feedback between climate warming and atmospheric CO2 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave N., St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Remko A Duursma
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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50
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Xu X, Shi Z, Chen X, Lin Y, Niu S, Jiang L, Luo R, Luo Y. Unchanged carbon balance driven by equivalent responses of production and respiration to climate change in a mixed-grass prairie. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1857-1866. [PMID: 26668117 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Responses of grassland carbon (C) cycling to climate change and land use remain a major uncertainty in model prediction of future climate. To explore the impacts of global change on ecosystem C fluxes and the consequent changes in C storage, we have conducted a field experiment with warming (+3 °C), altered precipitation (doubled and halved), and annual clipping at the end of growing seasons in a mixed-grass prairie in Oklahoma, USA, from 2009 to 2013. Results showed that although ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross primary production (GPP) negatively responded to warming, net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) did not significantly change under warming. Doubled precipitation stimulated and halved precipitation suppressed ER and GPP equivalently, with the net outcome being unchanged in NEE. These results indicate that warming and altered precipitation do not necessarily have profound impacts on ecosystem C storage. In addition, we found that clipping enhanced NEE due to a stronger positive response of GPP compared to ER, indicating that clipping could potentially be an effective land practice that could increase C storage. No significant interactions between warming, altered precipitation, and clipping were observed. Meanwhile, we found that belowground net primary production (BNPP) in general was sensitive to climate change and land use though no significant changes were found in NPP across treatments. Moreover, negative correlations of the ER/GPP ratio with soil temperature and moisture did not differ across treatments, highlighting the roles of abiotic factors in mediating ecosystem C fluxes in this grassland. Importantly, our results suggest that belowground C cycling (e.g., BNPP) could respond to climate change with no alterations in ecosystem C storage in the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xuecheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ruiseng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd., Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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