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Wang D, Ferrell N. Transglutaminase-mediated stiffening of the glomerular basement membrane mitigates pressure-induced reductions in molecular sieving coefficient by reducing compression. Matrix Biol 2024; 130:47-55. [PMID: 38723871 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteinuria, the presence of high molecular weight proteins in the urine, is a primary indicator of chronic kidney disease. Proteinuria results from increased molecular permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier combined with saturation or defects in tubular protein reabsorption. Any solute that passes into the glomerular filtrate traverses the glomerular endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane, and the podocyte slit diaphragm. Damage to any layer of the filter has reciprocal effects on other layers to increase glomerular permeability. The GBM is thought to act as a compressible ultrafilter that has increased molecular selectivity with increased pressure due to compression that reduced the porosity of the GBM with increased pressure. In multiple forms of chronic kidney disease, crosslinking enzymes are upregulated and may act to increase GBM stiffness. Here we show that enzymatically crosslinking porcine GBM with transglutaminase increases the stiffness of the GBM and mitigates pressure-dependent reductions in molecular sieving coefficient. This was modeled mathematically using a modified membrane transport model accounting for GBM compression. Changes in the mechanical properties of the GBM may contribute to proteinuria through pressure-dependent effects on GBM porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 1664 Neil Ave. 4th Floor, Suite 4100, Columbus, OH 43201, United States
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 1664 Neil Ave. 4th Floor, Suite 4100, Columbus, OH 43201, United States.
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2
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Lee J, Han K, Yoo J, Park KA, Oh SY. Proteinuria and risk of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12012. [PMID: 38797738 PMCID: PMC11128444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the association between dipstick-detected proteinuria and oculomotor cranial nerve palsy (CNP) could have significant implications for understanding the mechanism of CNP development and for developing preventive strategies against CNP development in patients with proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dipstick-determined proteinuria and ocular motor CNP using National Sample Cohort (NSC) database from Korea's National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). A nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the NSC database of Korea's NHIS. These data were collected from 2009 to 2018. A one-year time lag was established to prevent a situation in which the causal link was inverted. Participants aged 20 years or more who were diagnosed with proteinuria in 2009 were included. Individuals with specific pre-existing CNP, missing data, and those who were newly diagnosed with CNP or who died within one year of being tested were excluded. The study population was classified into six groups according to the degree of proteinuria (negative, trace, or between 1 + and 4 +) based on the urine dipstick test. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the linkage between the degree of proteinuria and ocular motor CNP. A total of 5,807 (0.14% of subjects) with ocular motor CNP were assigned to the ocular motor CNP group and 4,047,205 subjects were assigned to the control group. After full adjustment of comorbidities, hazard ratios (HRs) for 1 + , 2 + , 3 + and 4 + proteinuria groups were 1.449 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.244-1.687), 2.081 (1.707-2.538), 1.96 (1.322-2.904), and 3.011 (1.507-6.014), respectively, for developing ocular motor CNP compared to the proteinuria-negative group. In subgroup analysis, the HR of patients with proteinuria for the development of ocular motor CNP was higher in the younger age group (less than 40 years) (P = 0.0242) and the group with DM (P = 0.04). Our population-based cohort study demonstrated a significant association between proteinuria and the incidence of CNP, suggesting that urine protein level could be a new clinical marker for predicting the development of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei Yeul Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Yan L, Hu X, Wu S, Chen L, Zhao S. Association between grip strength and albuminuria in the general United States population: NHANES 2011-2014. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1353881. [PMID: 38706553 PMCID: PMC11066252 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1353881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Grip strength has been shown to be associated with chronic renal insufficiency, but the relationship between grip strength and albuminuria has not been confirmed. In this study, we used NHANES data to explore the association between grip strength and albuminuria in a US population. Methods In this analytical study, we utilized data sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), specifically spanning the years 2011 to 2014. The dataset included 9,638 participants aged 20 years or older. After adjusting for potential confounders, multiple regression models were developed to infer the interrelationship between grip strength and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for all covariates, ACR by 0.49 mg/g [-0.49 (95% CI: -0.93, -0.04)] for each 1 kg increase in grip strength decreased. Subgroup analysis showed that gender, age, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index did not influence the negative correlation between grip strength and albuminuria. Conclusion There is a negative correlation between grip strength and albuminuria in the general U.S. population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shunying Zhao
- Department of Cardiosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Hu M, Shi J, Lu W. Association between proteinuria and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2126299. [PMID: 36178502 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2126299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteinuria during pregnancy is closely related to the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. One hundred and forty-two women with proteinuria during pregnancy and followed between January 2018 and December 2020 were evaluated. Based on the 24-h proteinuria value, they were divided as mild (n = 76, 300-1000 mg/day), moderate (n = 39, 1000-3500 mg/day) and severe (n = 27, >3500 mg/day) proteinuria. The rates of prematurity, low birth weight and neonatal asphyxia were significantly higher in the severe proteinuria group than in the mild and moderate groups, while the rates of foetal growth restriction and neonatal intensive care unit admission were significantly higher in the severe compared with the mild proteinuria group (all p < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that moderate proteinuria (OR = 97.2, 95%CI: 7.1-1334.2, p = .001) and severe proteinuria (OR = 34.0, 95%CI: 1.6-711.0, p = .023) were associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Compared with mild proteinuria, moderate and severe proteinuria are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in perinatal infants.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? The production of proteinuria is closely related to the filtration function of the glomerulus, the reabsorption and secretion function of the renal tubules. For women with normal renal function before pregnancy, such physiological changes are less likely to cause adverse symptoms; however, for women with chronic kidney disease before pregnancy, especially those with significantly impaired renal function, the kidneys often cannot compensate for these physiological changes, which can lead to serious complications for both mother and infant.What do the results of this study add? In our study, logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of proteinuria was independently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The ROC curve showed that 24-h proteinuria had a predictive value for adverse perinatal outcomes. Therefore, for patients with urine protein quantification ≥0.3 g/24 h, regular 24-h urine protein quantification during pregnancy could help predict adverse perinatal outcomes and improve prognosis.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Proteinuria quantification can be used as one of the factors predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thus, monitoring of urinary protein quantification in women during pregnancy should be strengthened for early detection of renal impairment, then interventions be used to improve maternal and infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pokidysheva EN, Redhair N, Ailsworth O, Page-McCaw P, Rollins-Smith L, Jamwal VS, Ohta Y, Bächinger HP, Murawala P, Flajnik M, Fogo AB, Abrahamson D, Hudson JK, Boudko SP, Hudson BG. Collagen IV of basement membranes: II. Emergence of collagen IV α345 enabled the assembly of a compact GBM as an ultrafilter in mammalian kidneys. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105459. [PMID: 37977222 PMCID: PMC10746531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The collagen IVα345 (Col-IVα345) scaffold, the major constituent of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), is a critical component of the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. In Alport syndrome, affecting millions of people worldwide, over two thousand genetic variants occur in the COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes that encode the Col-IVα345 scaffold. Variants cause loss of scaffold, a suprastructure that tethers macromolecules, from the GBM or assembly of a defective scaffold, causing hematuria in nearly all cases, proteinuria, and often progressive kidney failure. How these variants cause proteinuria remains an enigma. In a companion paper, we found that the evolutionary emergence of the COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, and COL4A6 genes coincided with kidney emergence in hagfish and shark and that the COL4A3 and COL4A4 were lost in amphibians. These findings opened an experimental window to gain insights into functionality of the Col-IVα345 scaffold. Here, using tissue staining, biochemical analysis and TEM, we characterized the scaffold chain arrangements and the morphology of the GBM of hagfish, shark, frog, and salamander. We found that α4 and α5 chains in shark GBM and α1 and α5 chains in amphibian GBM are spatially separated. Scaffolds are distinct from one another and from the mammalian Col-IVα345 scaffold, and the GBM morphologies are distinct. Our findings revealed that the evolutionary emergence of the Col-IVα345 scaffold enabled the genesis of a compact GBM that functions as an ultrafilter. Findings shed light on the conundrum, defined decades ago, whether the GBM or slit diaphragm is the primary filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Pokidysheva
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Neve Redhair
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Octavia Ailsworth
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patrick Page-McCaw
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Louise Rollins-Smith
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Yuko Ohta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Prayag Murawala
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA; Clinic for Kidney and Hypertension Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Flajnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dale Abrahamson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Julie K Hudson
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Muso E, Kakita H, Suzuki H, Tsukamoto T. Updated evidence of beneficial effect of LDL apheresis for refractory nephrotic syndrome due to a variety of causative diseases for nationwide and global approval. Ther Apher Dial 2023; 27:987-999. [PMID: 37593995 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A) therapy has shown reasonable efficacy in treating nephrotic syndrome (NS) refractory to initial drug therapy and has been covered by National Health Insurance for the indication of drug-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) since 1992 in Japan and has contributed to liberating substantial number of patients of this disease from entering into end-stage renal disease by easier practical application in actual clinical settings. Subsequently, various beneficial evidence of this treatment has accumulated on those other than FSGS, however, due to the limitation of covered disease insurance only for FSGS, patients with diseases other than FSGS are unlikely to benefit from this treatment in practice. This review summarizes the therapeutic evidence of the beneficial effect of LDL-A accumulated to date and the mechanisms of action analyzed from multifaceted perspectives. examines the applicability of expanding insurance coverage for diseases other than FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Muso
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Home Economics, Kyoto Kacho University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kakita
- Department of Nephrology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kitano Hospital, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Wang L, Liu H, Wang Y, Hong X, Huang X, Han M, Wang D, Shan W, Li P, Gu H, Liu B, Bao K. Sanqi Qushi Granule Alleviates Proteinuria and Podocyte Damage in NS Rat: A Network Pharmacology Study and in vivo Experimental Validation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1847-1861. [PMID: 37360573 PMCID: PMC10289100 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s403617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and its numerous complications remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Sanqi Qushi granule (SQG) is clinically effective in NS. However, its potential mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Methods A network pharmacology approach was employed in this study. Based on oral bioavailability and drug-likeness, potential active ingredients were picked out. After acquiring overlapping targets for drug genes and disease-related genes, a component-target-disease network and protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) were constructed using Cytoscape, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Adriamycin was injected into adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via the tail vein to establish NS model. Kidney histology, 24-hr urinary protein level, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) level were assessed. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining were applied. Results In total, 144 latent targets in SQG acting on NS were screened by a network pharmacology study, containing AKT, Bax, and Bcl-2. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that PI3K/AKT pathway was enriched primarily. In vivo validation results revealed that SQG intervention ameliorated urine protein level and podocyte lesions in the NS model. Moreover, SQG therapy significantly inhibited renal cells apoptosis and decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, we found that Caspase-3 regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway in NS rats, which mediated the anti-apoptosis effect. Conclusion By combining network pharmacology with experimental verification in vivo, this work confirmed the treatment efficacy of SQG for NS. SQG protected podocyte from injury and inhibited kidney apoptosis in NS rats via the PI3K/AKT pathway at least partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoliang Liu
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoFan Hong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaoru Han
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haowen Gu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Bao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao C, Pu Z, Gao J, Liu C, Xing J, Lang W, Chen J, Yuan C, Zhou C. "Multiomics" Analyses Combined with Systems Pharmacology Reveal the Renoprotection of Mangiferin Monosodium Salt in Rats with Diabetic Nephropathy: Focus on Improvements in Renal Ferroptosis, Renal Inflammation, and Podocyte Insulin Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:358-381. [PMID: 36519207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We explored the protection of mangiferin monosodium salt (MGM) on kidney injury in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) by "multiomics" analysis combined with systems pharmacology, with a specific focus on ferroptosis, inflammation, and podocyte insulin resistance (IR) signaling events in kidneys. MGM treatment afforded renoprotective effects on rats with STZ-induced DN by alleviating systemic IR-induced renal inflammation and podocyte IR. These mechanisms were correlated mainly with the MGM treatment-induced inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B axis and activation of the phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1(Tyr608)/phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/phosphorylated protein kinase B axis in the kidneys of DN rats. MGM had an ameliorative function in renal ferroptosis in rats with STZ-induced DN by upregulating mevalonate-mediated antioxidant capacities (glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/coenzyme Q10 axis) and weakening acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4-mediated proferroptotic generation of lipid drivers in kidneys. MGM may be a promising alternative strategy for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding071002, China
| | - Zejiang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding071002, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding071002, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding071002, China
| | - Jianzhong Xing
- Department of Monitoring and Analysis, Baoding Environmental Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, 224 Dongfeng Road, Lianchi District, Baoding071000, China
| | - Wenbo Lang
- Department of Monitoring and Analysis, Baoding Environmental Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, 224 Dongfeng Road, Lianchi District, Baoding071000, China
| | - Jinting Chen
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chunmao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang550014, China
| | - Chengyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding071002, China
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Ma Q, Hu X, Liu F, Cao Z, Han L, Zhou K, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Nan Y, Lv Q, Rao J, Wu T, Yang X, He H, Ju D, Xu H. A novel fusion protein consisting of anti-ANGPTL3 antibody and interleukin-22 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011442. [PMID: 36544775 PMCID: PMC9760875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN) include podocyte injury, inflammatory responses and metabolic disorders. Although the antagonism of Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) can alleviate proteinuria symptoms by inhibiting the activation of integrin αvβ3 on the surface of podocytes, it can not impede other pathological processes, such as inflammatory responses and metabolic dysfunction of glucolipid. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is considered to be a pivotal molecule involved in suppressing inflammatory responses, initiating regenerative repair, and regulating glucolipid metabolism. Methods Genes encoding the mIL22IgG2aFc and two chains of anti-ANGPTL3 antibody and bifunctional protein were synthesized. Then, the DN mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, anti-ANGPTL3 (20 mg/kg), mIL22Fc (12 mg/kg) or anti-ANGPTL3 /IL22 (25.3 mg/kg) and irrigation of positive drug losartan (20mg/kg/d) twice a week for 8 weeks. Results In this research, a novel bifunctional fusion protein (anti-ANGPTL3/IL22) formed by the fusion of IL-22 with the C-terminus of anti-ANGPTL3 antibody exhibited favorable stability and maintained the biological activity of anti-ANGPTL3 and IL-22, respectively. The fusion protein showed a more pronounced attenuation of proteinuria and improved dysfunction of glucolipid metabolism compared with mIL22Fc or anti-ANGPTL3. Our results also indicated that anti-ANGPTL3/IL22 intervention significantly alleviated renal fibrosis via inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory response-related protein nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed the downregulation of signaling pathways associated with injury and dysfunction of the renal parenchymal cell indicating the possible protective mechanisms of anti-ANGPTL3/IL22 in DN. Conclusion Collectively, anti-ANGPTL3/IL22 bifunctional fusion protein can be a promising novel therapeutic strategy for DN by reducing podocyte injury, ameliorating inflammatory response, and enhancing renal tissue recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Lv
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong He
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hong Xu, ; Dianwen Ju, ; Haidong He,
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hong Xu, ; Dianwen Ju, ; Haidong He,
| | - Hong Xu
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hong Xu, ; Dianwen Ju, ; Haidong He,
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Jang HS, Noh MR, Plumb T, Lee K, He JC, Ferrer FA, Padanilam BJ. Hepatic and proximal tubule angiotensinogen play distinct roles in kidney dysfunction, glomerular and tubular injury, and fibrosis progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F435-F446. [PMID: 35924445 PMCID: PMC9485008 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00029.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the renin-angiotensin system, including angiotensinogen (AGT), are critical contributors to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression. However, the specific role of tissue-derived AGTs in CKD has not been fully understood. To define the contribution of liver versus kidney AGT in the CKD development, we performed 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), an established CKD model, in wild-type (WT), proximal tubule (PT)- or liver-specific AGT knockout (KO) mice. Nx significantly elevated intrarenal AGT expression and elevated blood pressure (BP) in WT mice. The increase of intrarenal AGT protein was completely blocked in liver-specific AGT KO mice with BP reduction, suggesting a crucial role for liver AGT in BP regulation during CKD. Nx-induced glomerular and kidney injury and dysfunction, as well as fibrosis, were all attenuated to a greater extent in liver-specific AGT KO mice compared with PT-specific AGT KO and WT mice. However, the suppression of interstitial fibrosis in PT- and liver-specific AGT KO mouse kidneys was comparable. Our findings demonstrate that liver AGT acts as a critical contributor in driving glomerular and tubular injury, renal dysfunction, and fibrosis progression, whereas the role of PT AGT was limited to interstitial fibrosis progression in chronic renal insufficiency. Our results provide new insights for the development of tissue-targeted renin-angiotensin system intervention in the treatment of CKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major unmet medical need with no effective treatment. Current findings demonstrate that hepatic and proximal tubule angiotensinogen have distinct roles in tubular and glomerular injury, fibrogenesis, and renal dysfunction during CKD development. As renin-angiotensin system components, including angiotensinogen, are important targets for treating CKD in the clinic, the results from our study may be applied to developing better tissue-targeted treatment strategies for CKD and other fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Troy Plumb
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fernando A Ferrer
- Department of Urology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Longitudinal behavioral changes and factors related to reinforced risk aversion behavior among patients with chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15780. [PMID: 36138060 PMCID: PMC9493162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a higher mortality rate than the general population; therefore, prevention is vital. To prevent COVID-19 infection, it is important to study individuals' risk aversion behavior. The objective of this study was to understand how the behavioral characteristics of physical distancing, hygiene practice, and exercise changed in patients with CKD during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the characteristics of patients who showed weakened or strengthened behavioral changes. We analyzed data from the Study on Kidney Disease and Environmental Chemicals (Clinical Trial No. NCT04679168), that examined a prospective cohort of patients with CKD. This cohort included patients with CKD who visited the participating hospitals for the first time between June and October 2020 and the second time between October 2020 and January 2021. Data on demographics, socio-economic details, and behavioral characteristics were collected through a questionnaire survey. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, we identified whether COVID-19 infection risk perception and previous strong behavioral changes affected behavioral changes during the first and second visits. A total of 277 patients (33.2% females) were included in the analysis. Nine out of 12 behaviors were reinforced at the first visit, and five out of nine reinforced behaviors were weakened at the second visit. A high-risk perception of COVID-19 infection was not associated with the tendency of overall behavioral reinforcement or maintaining behaviors in an enhanced state at the second visit. Strong behavioral changes at the patients' first visit to the hospital were associated with a tendency to strengthen or maintain reinforced behaviors at the second visit (adjusted odds ratio 1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.19-3.34; P = 0.009). Even if the initial COVID-19 risk perception is high, behavioral changes worsen over time. Individuals who showed more active behavioral changes at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic tended to maintain reinforced behavior over time. Continuous education and monitoring are needed to maintain changed behaviors, especially in patients with a high initial COVID-19 risk perception.
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12
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Abid F, Rubab Z, Fatima S, Qureshi A, Azhar A, Jafri A. In-silico analysis of interacting pathways through KIM-1 protein interaction in diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:254. [PMID: 35843953 PMCID: PMC9290293 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Kidney Injury Molecule-1, also known as HAVCR-1 (Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1), belongs to the cell-surface protein of immunoglobulin superfamily involved in the phagocytosis by acting as scavenger receptor epithelial cells. The study focused on pinpointing the mechanisms and genes that interact with KIM-1. Methods This in-silico study was done from March 2019 to December 2019. The Enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network carefully choose proteins. In addition, the diagramed gene data sets were accomplished using FunRich version 3.1.3. It was done to unveil the proteins that may affect the regulation of HAVCR1 or may be regulated by this protein. These genes were then further considered in pathway analysis to discover the dysregulated pathways in diabetic nephropathy. The long list of differentially expressed genes is meaningless without pathway analysis. Results Critical pathways that are dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy patients have been identified. These include Immune System (Total = 237, P < 0.05), Innate Immune System (Total = 140, P < 0.05), Cytokine Signaling Immune system (Total = 116, P < 0.05), Adaptive Immune System (Total = 85) and Neutrophil degranulation (Total = 78). Conclusion The top 5 genes that are interacting directly with HIVCR1 include CASP3, CCL2, SPP1, B2M, and TIMP1 with degrees 161, 144, 108, 107, and 105 respectively for Immune system pathways (Innate Immune System, Cytokine Signaling Immune system, Adaptive Immune System and Neutrophil degranulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abid
- Department Physiology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Z Rubab
- Ziauddin Medical College-Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Qureshi
- Department Physiology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Azhar
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Jafri
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Erichsen L, Thimm C, Bohndorf M, Rahman MS, Wruck W, Adjaye J. Activation of the Renin–Angiotensin System Disrupts the Cytoskeletal Architecture of Human Urine-Derived Podocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071095. [PMID: 35406662 PMCID: PMC8997628 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure is one of the major public health problems that causes severe disorders in several tissues including the human kidney. One of the most important signaling pathways associated with the regulation of blood pressure is the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), with its main mediator angiotensin II (ANGII). Elevated levels of circulating and intracellular ANGII and aldosterone lead to pro-fibrotic, -inflammatory, and -hypertrophic milieu that causes remodeling and dysfunction in cardiovascular and renal tissues. Furthermore, ANGII has been recognized as a major risk factor for the induction of apoptosis in podocytes, ultimately leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the past, disease modeling of kidney-associated diseases was extremely difficult, as the derivation of kidney originated cells is very challenging. Here we describe a differentiation protocol for reproducible differentiation of sine oculis homeobox homolog 2 (SIX2)-positive urine-derived renal progenitor cells (UdRPCs) into podocytes bearing typical cellular processes. The UdRPCs-derived podocytes show the activation of the renin–angiotensin system by being responsive to ANGII stimulation. Our data reveal the ANGII-dependent downregulation of nephrin (NPHS1) and synaptopodin (SYNPO), resulting in the disruption of the podocyte cytoskeletal architecture, as shown by immunofluorescence-based detection of α-Actinin. Furthermore, we show that the cytoskeletal disruption is mainly mediated through angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) signaling and can be rescued by AGTR1 inhibition with the selective, competitive angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist, losartan. In the present manuscript we confirm and propose UdRPCs differentiated to podocytes as a unique cell type useful for studying nephrogenesis and associated diseases. Furthermore, the responsiveness of UdRPCs-derived podocytes to ANGII implies potential applications in nephrotoxicity studies and drug screening.
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Ou SM, Tsai MT, Chen HY, Li FA, Lee KH, Tseng WC, Chang FP, Lin YP, Yang RB, Tarng DC. Urinary Galectin-3 as a Novel Biomarker for the Prediction of Renal Fibrosis and Kidney Disease Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030585. [PMID: 35327386 PMCID: PMC8945118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma galectin-3 (Gal-3) is associated with organ fibrosis, but whether urinary Gal-3 is a potential biomarker of kidney disease progression has never been explored. Between 2018 and 2021, we prospectively enrolled 280 patients who underwent renal biopsy and were divided into three groups based on their urinary Gal-3 levels (<354.6, 354.6−510.7, and ≥510.8 pg/mL) to assess kidney disease progression (defined as ≥40% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease) and renal histology findings. Patients in the highest urinary Gal-3 tertile had the lowest eGFRs and highest proteinuria levels. In multivariate Cox regression models, patients in the highest tertile had the highest risk of kidney disease progression (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.60; 95% confidence interval, 2.85−7.71) compared to those in the lowest tertile. Higher urinary Gal-3 levels were associated with more severe renal fibrosis. Intrarenal mRNA expression of LGALS3 (Gal-3-encoded gene) was most correlated with the renal stress biomarkers (IGFBP7 and TIMB2), renal function biomarkers (PTGDS) and fibrosis-associated genes (TGFB1). The urinary Gal-3 level may be useful for the identification of patients at high risk of kidney disease progression and renal fibrosis, and for the early initiation of treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Ming Ou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-M.O.); (M.-T.T.); (K.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (Y.-P.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-M.O.); (M.-T.T.); (K.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (Y.-P.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (F.-A.L.)
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (F.-A.L.)
| | - Kuo-Hua Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-M.O.); (M.-T.T.); (K.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (Y.-P.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-M.O.); (M.-T.T.); (K.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (Y.-P.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Pang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan;
- Inflammation and Immunity Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ping Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-M.O.); (M.-T.T.); (K.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (Y.-P.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (F.-A.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.-B.Y.); (D.-C.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2871-2121 (D.-C.T.); Fax: +886-2-2873-2131 (D.-C.T.)
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan; (S.-M.O.); (M.-T.T.); (K.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (Y.-P.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (R.-B.Y.); (D.-C.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2871-2121 (D.-C.T.); Fax: +886-2-2873-2131 (D.-C.T.)
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Neonatal Proteinuria in Calves-A Quantitative Approach. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123602. [PMID: 34944377 PMCID: PMC8698049 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A newborn’s survival depends on the quick adaptation of the organism to new environmental conditions. Newborn calves show high somatic maturity compared to, for example, human newborns, but their body functions with a lower efficiency than that of adult cattle. Adaptation processes concern all organs, including the kidneys, which are not morphologically mature after birth. The ongoing morphological changes imply functional alterations in the kidneys. There is an increase in blood flow through the kidneys and the glomerular filtration rate, as well as an increase in the efficiency of resorption processes of primary urine components into the blood, including proteins. Protein is present in trace amounts in the urine of healthy adults of various species. It can occur in larger amounts in the urine of sick animals, as well as in certain physiological states, e.g., in newborns. The presence of protein in the urine of newborns in the quantity exceeding 300 mg/24 h/m2 is called neonatal proteinuria. The causes of proteinuria in healthy newborns have not been clearly elucidated. Many studies have focused on proteinuria in newborns and sick children and sick animals, especially dogs and cats. The present study was the first to quantify the hypothesis of the occurrence of proteinuria in healthy calves in the first week of life and to assess its intensity and dynamics, based on the analysis of changes in total protein excretion in the urine and its fractions differing in molecular weight (albumin, low molecular weight proteins (LMW) and high molecular weight proteins (HMW)). It should be noted that the analysis of excreted protein fractions is a sensitive diagnostic indicator of the type of kidney disease, e.g., increased HMW protein excretion may indicate damage to the renal glomeruli, and loss of LMW proteins may indicate renal tubular disease. Abstract Urine testing is a convenient, non-invasive method of obtaining information about body functions. Depending on the intended purpose, urine testing may be qualitative and/or quantitative. Urine analysis can also include proteins. There are no data in the literature on the occurrence of proteinuria in healthy neonatal calves. The present study was the first that aimed to quantify the hypothesis of proteinuria occurrence in these animals in the first week of life, to assess its intensity and dynamics and to understand the underlying causes of proteinuria in healthy calves. The research was carried out on 15 healthy calves in the first seven days of life. Calves were catheterized to determine minute diuresis. Total protein concentration was determined in blood plasma and urine. Urine proteins were separated by electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and their concentration and percentage were determined by densitometry using an image archiving and analysis software. The separated proteins were divided into three groups according to molecular weight for albumin, LMW and HMW proteins. The results were standardized per 1 m2 of body surface area and statistically analyzed. Neonatal proteinuria was demonstrated in healthy calves, mainly resulting from the high concentration of LMW proteins in the urine. Their percentages decreased significantly from 84.46% on the first day of calves’ life to 64.02% on day 7. At the same time, a statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of albumin and high molecular weight proteins in urine total protein. Albumin percentage increased from 9.54% (on day 1) to almost 20% (on day 7), while the proportion of HMW proteins increased from 6.68% to 18.13%, respectively. The concentration of total protein in the urine of newborn calves amounted to 14.64 g/L and decreased statistically significantly during the first 72 h of postnatal life, stabilizing at the level of 3–4 g/L. The mean value of total protein excretion in the first week of life was 4.81 mg/min/m2 (i.e., 6.93 g/24 h/m2). The analysis of protein concentration in the urine and its excretion, as well as changes in urinary excretion of the tested protein fractions, indicated that neonatal proteinuria in healthy neonatal calves was tubular (i.e., main reason is the reduced absorption of proteins in nephrons). In addition, research showed that there was a rapid improvement in resorptive mechanisms in tubular cells. It should be assumed that the filtration barrier in the kidneys of these animals after birth is morphologically prepared to retain high molecular weight proteins. It seems that the increased permeability of the filtration barrier in the glomeruli does not necessarily indicate the immaturity of the kidneys, but may indicate the kidneys’ adaptation to excess protein removal from the body during feeding with high-protein food (colostrum), with an open intestinal barrier enabling protein absorption from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood.
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Microfluidic colorimetric detection platform with sliding hybrid PMMA/paper microchip for human urine and blood sample analysis. Talanta 2021; 231:122362. [PMID: 33965028 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic colorimetric detection (MCD) platform consisting of a sliding hybrid PMMA/paper microchip and a smart analysis system is proposed for the convenient, low-cost and rapid analysis of human urine and whole blood samples. The sliding PMMA/paper microchip comprises a PMMA microfluidic chip for sample injection and transportation, a paper strip for sample filtration (urine) or separation (blood), and a sealed paper-chip detection zone for sample reaction and detection. In the proposed device, the paper-chip is coated with bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and biuret reagent and is then assembled into the PMMA microchip and packaged in aluminum housing. In the detection process, the PMMA/paper microchip is slid partially out of the housing, and 2 μL of sample (urine or whole blood) is dripped onto the sample injection zone. The chip is then slid back into the housing and the sample is filtered/separated by the paper strip and transferred under the effects of capillary action to the sealed paper-chip detection zone. The housing is inserted into the color analysis system and heated at 45 °C for 5 min to produce a purple-colored reaction complex. The complex is imaged using a CCD camera and the RGB color intensity of the image is then analyzed using a smartphone to determine the total protein (TP) concentration of the sample. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using TP control samples with known concentrations in the range of 0.03-5.0 g/dL. The detection results obtained for 50 human urine samples obtained from random volunteers are shown to be consistent with those obtained from a conventional hospital analysis system (R2 = 0.992). Moreover, the detection results obtained for the albumin (ALB) and creatine (CRE) concentrations of 50 whole blood samples are also shown to be in good agreement with the results obtained from the hospital analysis system (R2 = 0.982 and 0.988, respectively).
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Liern M, Colazo A, Vallejo G, Zotta E. Antiproteinuric action of amiloride in paediatric patient with corticoresistant nephrotic syndrome. Nefrologia 2021; 41:304-310. [PMID: 36166246 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCCION In nephrotic syndrome, increased podocyturia accompanies pathologic proteinuria. The therapeutic regimen with enalapril, losartan and amiloride could reduce both variables. OBJETIVES Evaluate the anti-proteinuric effect of 2 non-immunological therapeutic regimens, the quantitative relationship between podocyturia and proteinuria. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included children aged 4-12 years with corticoresistant nephrotic syndrome, using 2 different schemes: group A, enalapril + losartan, and group B, enalapril + losartan + amiloride. RESULTS In group A, 17 patients completed the study, the initial mean proteinuria was 39 mg/m2/h and mean proteinuria at the end was 24 mg/m2/h, while in group B 14 patients were treated and the initial average proteinuria was 36 mg/m2/h and the end average proteinuria was 13 mg/m2/h. The paired T test showed significant differences in the decrease in proteinuria, for patients in group B without variation in podocyturia. The 2 factors associated with an increase in proteinuria were podocyturia and the time elapsed from the diagnosis of cortico-resistant nephrotic syndrome to the start of treatment anti-proteinuric. CONCLUSIONS The use of amiloride decreased proteinuria, without significantly modifying podocyturia; we did not observe a positive relationship between both variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Liern
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Anabella Colazo
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Vallejo
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa Zotta
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas IFIBIO Houssay, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Swensen AC, He J, Fang AC, Ye Y, Nicora CD, Shi T, Liu AY, Sigdel TK, Sarwal MM, Qian WJ. A Comprehensive Urine Proteome Database Generated From Patients With Various Renal Conditions and Prostate Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:548212. [PMID: 33928097 PMCID: PMC8076675 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.548212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine proteins can serve as viable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring various diseases. A comprehensive urine proteome database, generated from a variety of urine samples with different disease conditions, can serve as a reference resource for facilitating discovery of potential urine protein biomarkers. Herein, we present a urine proteome database generated from multiple datasets using 2D LC-MS/MS proteome profiling of urine samples from healthy individuals (HI), renal transplant patients with acute rejection (AR) and stable graft (STA), patients with non-specific proteinuria (NS), and patients with prostate cancer (PC). A total of ~28,000 unique peptides spanning ~2,200 unique proteins were identified with a false discovery rate of <0.5% at the protein level. Over one third of the annotated proteins were plasma membrane proteins and another one third were extracellular proteins according to gene ontology analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of these proteins revealed 349 potential biomarkers in the literature-curated database. Forty-three percentage of all known cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins were identified in the various human urine samples. Interestingly, following comparisons with five recently published urine proteome profiling studies, which applied similar approaches, there are still ~400 proteins which are unique to this current study. These may represent potential disease-associated proteins. Among them, several proteins such as serpin B3, renin receptor, and periostin have been reported as pathological markers for renal failure and prostate cancer, respectively. Taken together, our data should provide valuable information for future discovery and validation studies of urine protein biomarkers for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Swensen
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Jingtang He
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Alexander C Fang
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yinyin Ye
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Tujin Shi
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Alvin Y Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tara K Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA, United States
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Liern M, Colazo A, Vallejo G, Zotta E. [Antiproteinuric action of amiloride in paediatric patient with corticoresistant nephrotic syndrome]. Nefrologia 2021; 41:304-310. [PMID: 33722403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCCION In nephrotic syndrome, increased podocyturia accompanies pathologic proteinuria. The therapeutic regimen with enalapril, losartan and amiloride could reduce both variables. OBJETIVES Evaluate the anti-proteinuric effect of 2 non-immunological therapeutic regimens, the quantitative relationship between podocyturia and proteinuria. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included children aged 4 to 12 years with corticoresistant nephrotic syndrome, using 2 different schemes: group A, enalapril+losartan, and group B, enalapril+losartan+amiloride. RESULTS In group A, 17 patients completed the study, the initial mean proteinuria was 39mg/m2/h and mean proteinuria at the end was 24mg/m2/h, while in group B 14 patients were treated and the initial average proteinuria was 36mg/m2/h and the end average proteinuria was 13mg/m2/h. The paired T test showed significant differences in the decrease in proteinuria, for patients in group B without variation in podocyturia. The 2 factors associated with an increase in proteinuria were podocyturia and the time elapsed from the diagnosis of cortico-resistant nephrotic syndrome to the start of treatment anti-proteinuric. CONCLUSIONS The use of amiloride decreased proteinuria, without significantly modifying podocyturia; we did not observe a positive relationship between both variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Liern
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Jliern@%20yahoo.com
| | - Anabella Colazo
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Vallejo
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa Zotta
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas IFIBIO Houssay, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Liu H, Wang Q, Shi G, Yang W, Zhang Y, Chen W, Wan S, Xiong F, Wang Z. Emodin Ameliorates Renal Damage and Podocyte Injury in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy via Regulating AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1253-1266. [PMID: 33776462 PMCID: PMC7987270 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s299375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The activation of autophagy has potential protective effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) podocyte injury, and the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway is an important regulatory pathway of autophagy. Emodin has been reported to effectively delay DN progression; however, the therapeutic mechanisms involved in vivo remain ambiguous. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of emodin in improving renal tissue and podocyte injury in DN by regulating the AMPK/mTOR-autophagy signaling pathway. METHODS All rats were divided into 4 groups: a Sham group, a Vehicle group, a low-dose emodin (LD-Emo) group (20 mg/kg/day) and a high-dose emodin (HD-Emo) group (40 mg/kg/day). The different doses of Emo and distilled water were daily administrated for 8 weeks after the induction of DN by the unilateral nephrectomy combined with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats' general status, blood glucose, biochemical parameters, urinary protein excretion, renal histological changes and cell apoptosis in renal tissue, as well as the key protein expressions in the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and apoptosis-related proteins were examined, respectively. RESULTS Emodin ameliorated the general condition, kidney weight and urinary protein excretion of the rats, but has little influence on serum biochemical parameters and did not lower blood glucose; emodin attenuated renal fibrosis including the cell numbers, extracellular matrix rate and collagen area in glomerulus, simultaneously relieved podocyte foot process fusion, up-regulated the expression of nephrin protein and suppressed glomerular and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. In addition, emodin can induce and enhance autophagy in podocytes including increased expression of LC3-II/I, Beclin-1, p-AMPK protein and decreased expression of p62, p-mTOR protein, as well as increased autophagosomes in podocytes. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that emodin, as a natural regulator in vivo, reduced proteinuria and alleviated renal fibrosis without affecting hyperglycemia in DN rats. The potential mechanisms by which emodin exerts its renoprotective effects in vivo are through suppressing cell apoptosis and enhancing autophagy of podocytes via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fei Xiong; Zengsi Wang Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-27-85332356; +86-27-85332346 Email ;
| | - Zengsi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Egerman MA, Wong JS, Runxia T, Mosoyan G, Chauhan K, Reyes-Bahamonde J, Anandakrishnan N, Wong NJ, Bagiella E, Salem F, Meliambro K, Li H, Azeloglu EU, Coca SG, Campbell KN, Raij L. Plasminogenuria is associated with podocyte injury, edema, and kidney dysfunction in incident glomerular disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:16191-16204. [PMID: 33070369 PMCID: PMC7686123 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Urinary plasminogen/plasmin, or plasmin (ogen) uria, has been demonstrated in proteinuric patients and exposure of cultured podocytes to plasminogen results in injury via oxidative stress pathways. A causative role for plasmin (ogen) as a "second hit" in kidney disease progression has yet to have been demonstrated in vivo. Additionally, association between plasmin (ogen) uria and kidney function in glomerular diseases remains unclear. We performed comparative studies in a puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy rat model treated with amiloride, an inhibitor of plasminogen activation, and measured changes in plasmin (ogen) uria. In a glomerular disease biorepository cohort (n = 128), we measured time-of-biopsy albuminuria, proteinuria, and plasmin (ogen) uria for correlations with kidney outcomes. In cultured human podocytes, plasminogen treatment was associated with decreased focal adhesion marker expression with rescue by amiloride. Increased glomerular plasmin (ogen) was found in PAN rats and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients. PAN nephropathy was associated with increases in plasmin (ogen) uria and proteinuria. Amiloride was protective against PAN-induced glomerular injury, reducing CD36 scavenger receptor expression and oxidative stress. In patients, we found associations between plasmin (ogen) uria and edema status as well as eGFR. Our study demonstrates a role for plasmin (ogen)-induced podocyte injury in the PAN nephropathy model, with amiloride having podocyte-protective properties. In one of the largest glomerular disease cohorts to study plasminogen, we validated previous findings while suggesting a potentially novel relationship between plasmin (ogen) uria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Together, these findings suggest a role for plasmin (ogen) in mediating glomerular injury and as a viable targetable biomarker for podocyte-sparing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Egerman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Jenny S. Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Tian Runxia
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Gohar Mosoyan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Kinsuk Chauhan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | | | - Nicholas J. Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Emilia Bagiella
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Kristin Meliambro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
| | - Evren U. Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Steven G. Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Kirk N. Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Leopoldo Raij
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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22
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A high salt diet induces tubular damage associated with a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic response in a hypertension-independent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Wang W, Li Z, Chen Y, Wu H, Zhang S, Chen X. Prediction Value of Serum NGAL in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Experimental Acute and Chronic Kidney Injuries. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070981. [PMID: 32630021 PMCID: PMC7407226 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and accurate serum biomarkers for monitoring acute and chronic kidney disease progression are more convenient and can better evaluate drug efficiency in pharmacological research. Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is considered a hopeful early biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI), but its utility in early prediction and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis is still not clear. Moreover, detailed prognosis studies of NGAL in AKI are lacking, and most studies use a urine source. In the current study, through two experimental AKI and two chronic kidney injury animal models, serum NGAL (sNGAL) prediction values on diagnosis and prognosis of kidney injuries in animal disease models have been investigated thoroughly. Four experimental kidney disease models include cisplatin-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI, streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN), and cationized-bovine serum albumin (c-BSA)-induced membranous nephropathy (MN), respectively. The sNGAL concentration was measured at different stages of kidney injury (KI) in each experimental model, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to investigate the diagnosis efficiency of sNGAL for KI. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the protein levels in the kidneys, and pathological analysis was used as the gold standard to confirm KI. Results suggest that sNGAL can predict early diagnosis of cisplatin-induced AKI accurately but is less powerful in later stages compared to blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr). sNGAL is sensitive but lacks specificity to evaluate early kidney injury for LPS-induced AKI under low-dosage LPS challenge. sNGAL is not an efficient biomarker for early diagnosis of STZ-induced DN, but sNGAL is an efficient predictor for the early diagnosis and prognosis of immune-mediated MN. In conclusion, application of sNGAL as a kidney injury biomarker to determine the diagnosis and prognosis in pharmacological studies is dependent on experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sen Zhang
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-15201539761 (S.Z.); +86-1063165207 (X.C.)
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-15201539761 (S.Z.); +86-1063165207 (X.C.)
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24
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Funk SD, Bayer RH, McKee KK, Okada K, Nishimune H, Yurchenco PD, Miner JH. A deletion in the N-terminal polymerizing domain of laminin β2 is a new mouse model of chronic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 2020; 98:133-146. [PMID: 32456966 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in glomerular filtration is underscored by the manifestations of Alport and Pierson syndromes, caused by defects in type IV collagen α3α4α5 and the laminin β2 chain, respectively. Lamb2 null mice, which model the most severe form of Pierson syndrome, exhibit proteinuria prior to podocyte foot process effacement and are therefore useful for studying GBM permselectivity. We hypothesize that some LAMB2 missense mutations that cause mild forms of Pierson syndrome induce GBM destabilization with delayed effects on podocytes. While generating a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated analogue of a human LAMB2 missense mutation in mice, we identified a 44-amino acid deletion (LAMB2-Del44) within the laminin N-terminal domain, a domain mediating laminin polymerization. Laminin heterotrimers containing LAMB2-Del44 exhibited a 90% reduction in polymerization in vitro that was partially rescued by type IV collagen and nidogen. Del44 mice showed albuminuria at 1.8-6.0 g/g creatinine (ACR) at one to two months, plateauing at an average 200 g/g ACR at 3.7 months, when GBM thickening and hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome were first observed. Despite the massive albuminuria, some Del44 mice survived for up to 15 months. Blood urea nitrogen was modestly elevated at seven-nine months. Eight to nine-month-old Del44 mice exhibited glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Similar to Lamb2-/- mice, proteinuria preceded foot process effacement. Foot processes were widened but not effaced at one-two months despite the high ACRs. At three months some individual foot processes were still observed amid widespread effacement. Thus, our chronic model of nephrotic syndrome may prove useful to study filtration mechanisms, long-term proteinuria with preserved kidney function, and to test therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Funk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Raymond H Bayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Karen K McKee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kazushi Okada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nishimune
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Peter D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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25
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Artunc F, Wörn M, Schork A, Bohnert BN. Proteasuria-The impact of active urinary proteases on sodium retention in nephrotic syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13249. [PMID: 30597733 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sodium retention and extracellular volume expansion are typical features of patients with nephrotic syndrome. In recent years, from in vitro data, endoluminal activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by aberrantly filtered serine proteases has been proposed as an underlying mechanism. Recently, this concept was supported in vivo in nephrotic mice that were protected from proteolytic ENaC activation and sodium retention by the use of aprotinin for the pharmacological inhibition of urinary serine protease activity. These and other findings from studies in both rodents and humans highlight the impact of active proteases in the urine, or proteasuria, on ENaC-mediated sodium retention and edema formation in nephrotic syndrome. Targeting proteasuria could become a therapeutic approach to treat patients with nephrotic syndrome. However, pathophysiologically relevant proteases remain to be identified. In this review, we introduce the concept of proteasuria to explain tubular sodium avidity and conclude that proteasuria can be considered as a key mechanism of sodium retention in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Matthias Wörn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Anja Schork
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Bernhard N. Bohnert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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26
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Tsai CW, Huang HC, Chiang HY, Chung CW, Chang SN, Chu PL, Kuo CC. Longitudinal lipid trends and adverse outcomes in patients with CKD: a 13-year observational cohort study. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:648-660. [PMID: 30642880 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p084590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of longitudinal lipid trajectories on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development and deaths among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. We conducted a registry-based prospective study using data from a 13-year multidisciplinary pre-ESRD care program. The final study population comprised 4,647 patients with CKD. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we dichotomized longitudinal trajectories of total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Time to ESRD or death was analyzed using multiple Cox regression. At baseline, higher levels of T-CHO and LDL-C were associated with rapid progression to ESRD, whereas only HDL-C was positively associated with all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.36; P-value, 0.005]. Compared with those with a normal T-CHO trajectory, the fully adjusted HR of patients with a high T-CHO trajectory for ESRD risk was 1.21 (P-value, 0.019). Subgroup analysis showed that a high TG trajectory was associated with a 49% increase in mortality risk in CKD patients without diabetes (P-value for interaction, 0.012). In contrast to what was observed based on baseline HDL-C, patients with a trajectory of frequent hypo-HDL cholesterolemia had higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 1.53; P-value, 0.014). Thus, only T-CHO, both at baseline and over the longitudinal course, demonstrated a significant potential risk of incident ESRD. The inconsistency in the observed directions of association between baseline levels and longitudinal trajectories of HDL-C warrants further research to unveil specific pathogenic mechanisms underlying the HDL-C metabolism in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Huang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Wei Chung
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ni Chang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan .,School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Soliman AR, Ahmed RM, Soliman M, Abdallah A, Zayed B. The effect of co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses on the prevalence of proteinuria and loss of renal function: a single-center experience. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/ejim.ejim_51_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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28
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Hokamp JA, Leidy SA, Gaynanova I, Cianciolo RE, Nabity MB. Correlation of electrophoretic urine protein banding patterns with severity of renal damage in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:425-434. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
| | - Sidney A. Leidy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
| | - Irina Gaynanova
- Department of Statistics; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
| | - Rachel E. Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
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29
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Wang Q, Liang Y, Qiao Y, Zhao X, Yang Y, Yang S, Li B, Zhao Q, Dong L, Quan S, Tian R, Liu Z. Expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase in renal tubular epithelial cells regulates macrophage infiltration and polarization in IgA nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F915-F926. [PMID: 29717935 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00534.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and activation contribute to kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are rapidly metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), have multiple biological functions, including vasodilation, anti-inflammatory action, and others. Inhibition of sEH has been demonstrated to attenuate inflammation in many renal disease models. However, the relationship between sEH expression and macrophage polarization in the kidney remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the level of sEH and clinical and pathological parameters in IgA nephropathy. The level of sEH expression positively correlated with proteinuria and infiltration of macrophages. sEH-positive tubules were found to be surrounded by macrophages. Furthermore, we found that incubation of immortalized human proximal tubular HK-2 cells with total urinary protein and overexpression of sEH promoted inflammatory factor production, which was associated with M1 polarization. We also exposed RAW264.7 mouse leukemic monocytes/macrophages to different HK-2 cell culture media conditioned by incubation with various substances affecting sEH amount or activity. We found that the upregulation of sEH promoted M1 polarization. However, pharmacological inhibition of sEH and supplementation with EETs reversed the conditioning effects of urinary proteins by inhibiting M1 polarization through the NF-κB pathway and stimulating M2 polarization through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. These data suggest that inhibition of sEH could be a new strategy to prevent the progression of inflammation and to attenuate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yan Liang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Blood Purification Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xiangya Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songxia Quan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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30
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Lee H, Fujimoto M, Ohkawara T, Honda H, Serada S, Terada Y, Naka T. Leucine rich α-2 glycoprotein is a potential urinary biomarker for renal tubular injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:1045-1051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Membranous Nephropathy and Anti-Podocytes Antibodies: Implications for the Diagnostic Workup and Disease Management. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6281054. [PMID: 29511687 PMCID: PMC5817285 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6281054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of circulating antibodies specific for native podocyte antigens has transformed the diagnostic workup and greatly improved management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN). In addition, their identification has clearly characterized iMN as a largely autoimmune disorder. Anti-PLA2R1 antibodies are detected in approximately 70% to 80% and anti-THSD7A antibodies in only 2% of adult patients with iMN. The presence of anti-THSD7A antibodies is associated with increased risk of malignancy. The assessment of PLA2R1 and THSD7A antigen expression in glomerular immune deposits has a better sensitivity than measurement of the corresponding autoantibodies. Therefore, in the presence of circulating anti-podocytes autoantibodies and/or enhanced expression of PLA2R1 and THSD7A antigens MN should be considered as primary MN (pMN). Anti-PLA2R1 or anti-THSD7A autoantibodies have been proposed as biomarkers of autoimmune disease activity and their blood levels should be regularly monitored in pMN to evaluate disease activity and predict outcomes. We propose a revised clinical workup flow for patients with MN that recommends assessment of kidney biopsy for PLA2R1 and THSD7A antigen expression, screening for circulating anti-podocytes antibodies, and assessment for secondary causes, especially cancer, in patients with THSD7A antibodies. Persistence of anti-podocyte antibodies for 6 months or their increase in association with nephrotic proteinuria should lead to the introduction of immunosuppressive therapies. Recent data have reported the efficacy and safety of new specific therapies targeting B cells (anti-CD20 antibodies, inhibitors of proteasome) in pMN which should lead to an update of currently outdated treatment guidelines.
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Fang H, Xu C, Lu A, Zou CJ, Xie S, Chen Y, Zhou L, Liu M, Wang L, Wang W, Yang T. (Pro)renin receptor mediates albumin-induced cellular responses: role of site-1 protease-derived soluble (pro)renin receptor in renal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C632-C643. [PMID: 28903918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteinuria is a characteristic of chronic kidney disease and also a causative factor that promotes the disease progression, in part, via activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS). (Pro)renin receptor (PRR), a newly discovered component of the RAS, binds renin and (pro)renin to promote angiotensin I generation. The present study was performed to test the role of soluble PRR (sPRR) in albumin overload-induced responses in cultured human renal proximal tubular cell line human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells. Bovine serum albmuin (BSA) treatment for 24 h at 20 mg/ml induced renin activity and inflammation, both of which were attenuated by a PRR decoy inhibitor PRO20. BSA treatment induced a more than fivefold increase in medium sPRR due to enhanced cleavage of PRR. Surprisingly, this cleavage event was unaffected by inhibition of furin or a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 19. Screening for a novel cleavage enzyme led to the identification of site-1 protease (S1P). Inhibition of S1P with PF-429242 or siRNA remarkably suppressed BSA-induced sPRR production, renin activity, and inflammatory response. Administration of a recombinant sPRR, termed sPRR-His, reversed the effects of S1P inhibition. In HK-2 cells overexpressing PRR, mutagenesis of the S1P, but not furin cleavage site, reduced sPRR levels. Together, these results suggest that PRR mediates albumin-induced cellular responses through S1P-derived sPRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aihua Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chang-Jiang Zou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shiying Xie
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Mi Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
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Sibiya N, Ngubane P, Mabandla M. The Ameliorative Effect of Pectin-Insulin Patch On Renal Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:530-540. [PMID: 28854437 DOI: 10.1159/000480395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Renal damage and dysfunction is attributed to sustained hyperglycaemia in overt diabetes. Subcutaneous insulin injections are beneficial in delaying the progression of renal dysfunction and damage in diabetics. However, the current mode of administration is associated with severe undesirable effects. In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of pectin-insulin dermal patches on renal dysfunction in diabetes. METHODS Pectin-insulin patches (20.0, 40.8 and 82.9 µg/kg) were applied on the skin of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, thrice daily for 5 weeks. Blood glucose concentration, blood pressure and urine output volume were recorded on week 5 after which the animals were sacrificed after which the kidneys and plasma were collected. Kidney nephrin expression and urinary nephrin concentration, albumin excretion rate (AER), creatinine clearance (CC) and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were assessed. RESULTS Patch application resulted in reduced blood glucose concentration and blood pressure. Furthermore, pectin-insulin patch treatment resulted in increased kidney nephrin expression and reduced urinary nephrin concentration. AER, CC ACR were also reduced post patch application. CONCLUSIONS The application of pectin-insulin patch limited diabetes associated kidney damaged and improved kidney function. These observations suggest that pectin-insulin patches may ameliorate kidney dysfunction that is associated with chronic subcutaneous insulin administration.
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Gala-Błądzińska A, Dumnicka P, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Rybak K, Drożdż R, Żyłka A, Kuźniewski M. Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is Complementary to Albuminuria in Diagnosis of Early-Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4691389. [PMID: 28845433 PMCID: PMC5563398 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4691389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two clinical phenotypes of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been reported, that is, with or without increased albuminuria. The aim of study was to assess the usefulness of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) for the early diagnosis of DKD in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The study group consisted of 123 patients with T2DM (mean age 62 ± 14 years), with urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) < 300 mg/g and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The control group included 22 nondiabetic patients with comparable age, sex, and comorbidities. uNGAL, albumin, and creatinine were measured in the first morning urine samples. uACR and uNGAL/creatinine ratios (uNCR) were calculated. RESULTS In the control group, maximum uNCR was 39.64 µg/g. In T2DM group, 24 patients (20%) had higher results, with the maximum value of 378.6 µg/g. Among patients with uNCR > 39.64 µg/g, 13 (54%) did not have markedly increased albuminuria. Women with T2DM had higher uNCR than men (p < 0.001), without difference in uACR (p = 0.09). uNCR in T2DM patients correlated significantly with HbA1c. Sex, total cholesterol, and uACR were independent predictors of uNCR above 39.64 µg/g. CONCLUSIONS Increased uNGAL and uNCR may indicate early tubular damage, associated with dyslipidemia and worse diabetes control, especially in females with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gala-Błądzińska
- Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, St. Queen Jadwiga Clinical District Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów, Lwowska 60 Street, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paulina Dumnicka
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15A Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology & Endocrinology, St. Queen Jadwiga Clinical District Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów, Lwowska 60 Street, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ryszard Drożdż
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żyłka
- St. Queen Jadwiga Clinical District Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów, Lwowska 60 Street, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Kuźniewski
- Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15 Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
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Qu C, Ding M, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Du J, Miller M, Tian J, Zhu J, Xu J, Wen M, Er-Bu AGA, Wang J, Xiao Y, Wu M, McManus OB, Li M, Wu J, Luo HR, Cao Z, Shen B, Wang H, Zhu MX, Hong X. Pyrazolopyrimidines as Potent Stimulators for Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3/6/7 Channels. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4680-4692. [PMID: 28395140 PMCID: PMC5720685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 3/6/7 (TRPC3/6/7) are highly homologous receptor-operated nonselective cation channels. Despite their physiological significance, very few selective and potent agonists are available for functional examination of these channels. Using a cell-based high throughput screening approach, a lead compound with the pyrazolopyrimidine skeleton was identified as a TRPC6 agonist. Synthetic schemes for the lead and its analogues were established, and structural-activity relationship studies were carried out. A series of potent and direct agonists of TRPC3/6/7 channels were identified, and among them, 4m-4p have a potency order of TRPC3 > C7 > C6, with 4n being the most potent with an EC50 of <20 nM on TRPC3. Importantly, these compounds exhibited no stimulatory activity on related TRP channels. The potent and selective compounds described here should be suitable for evaluation of the roles of TRPC channels in the physiology and pathogenesis of diseases, including glomerulosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Mingmin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Yingmin Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yungang Lu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Juan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Melissa Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center and Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jinbin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jinmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China
- The International Scientist Working Station of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - AGA Er-Bu
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Jule Wang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center and Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Owen B. McManus
- Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center and Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center and Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jilin Wu
- The International Scientist Working Station of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650201, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, Shangdong Province 264005, China
| | - Michael X. Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- The International Scientist Working Station of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lasa, Tibet 850000, China
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Tziastoudi M, Stefanidis I, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Stravodimos K, Zintzaras E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies for the role of inflammation and the immune system in diabetic nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2017; 10:293-300. [PMID: 28616206 PMCID: PMC5466089 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the certain contribution of metabolic and haemodynamic factors in diabetic nephropathy (DN), many lines of evidence highlight the role of immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms. To elucidate the contribution of the immune system in the development of DN, we explored the contribution of gene variants (polymorphisms) in relevant pathophysiologic pathways. Methods: We selected six major pathways related to immune response from the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes database and thereafter we traced all available genetic association studies (GASs) involving gene variants in these pathways from PubMed and HuGE Navigator. Finally, we used meta-analytic methods for synthesizing the results of the GASs. Results: One hundred three GASs were retrieved that included 443 variants from 75 genes. Of those variants, 138 were meta-analysed and 61 produced significant results; seven variants were investigated in single GASs and showed significant association. Variants in CCL2, CCR5, IL6, IL8, EPO, IL1A, IL1B, IL100, IL1RN, GHRL, MMP9, TGFB1, VEGFA, MMP3, MMP12, IL12RB1, PRKCE, TNF and TNFRSF19 genes were associated with an increased risk of DN. Conclusions: There is evidence that variants related with immunologic response affect the course of DN. However, the present results should be interpreted with caution since the current number of available GASs is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tziastoudi
- Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- 1st University Department of Urology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Yum V, Carlisle RE, Lu C, Brimble E, Chahal J, Upagupta C, Ask K, Dickhout JG. Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition limits the progression of chronic kidney disease in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F230-F244. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00119.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is one of the primary risk factors for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been implicated in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We hypothesized that the suppression of ER stress with a low molecular weight chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), would reduce the severity of CKD and proteinuria in the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) hypertensive rat. To induce hypertension and CKD, 12-wk-old male rats were placed on a high-salt (HS) diet for 4 wk with or without 4-PBA treatment. We assessed blood pressure and markers of CKD, including proteinuria, albuminuria, and renal pathology. Furthermore, we determined if HS feeding resulted in an impaired myogenic response, subsequent to ER stress. 4-PBA treatment reduced salt-induced hypertension, proteinuria, and albuminuria and preserved myogenic constriction. Furthermore, renal pathology was reduced with 4-PBA treatment, as indicated by lowered expression of profibrotic markers and fewer intratubular protein casts. In addition, ER stress in the glomerulus was reduced, and the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier was preserved. These results suggest that 4-PBA treatment protects against proteinuria in the SS rat by preserving the myogenic response and by preventing ER stress, which led to a breakdown in the glomerular filtration barrier. As such, alleviating ER stress serves as a viable therapeutic strategy to preserve kidney function and to delay the progression of CKD in the animal model under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Yum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Rachel E. Carlisle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Elise Brimble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jasmine Chahal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Chandak Upagupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Dickhout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
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Greka A. An Introduction to the Glom-NExT Inaugural Symposium: Toward Precision Medicine in Nephrology. Semin Nephrol 2016; 36:448-452. [PMID: 27987542 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine and Glom-NExT Center for Glomerular Kidney Disease and Novel Experimental Therapeutics, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.
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39
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Lin CY, Huang SM. Childhood Albuminuria and Chronic Kidney Disease is Associated with Mortality and End-Stage Renal Disease. Pediatr Neonatol 2016; 57:280-7. [PMID: 26993562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We do not yet fully grasp the significance of childhood albuminuria. Based on mass urinary screening (MUS) using albumin-specific dipsticks in school children, we studied the independent association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria with mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS A prospective cohort of 5351 children with albuminuria detected by school MSU during the period 1992-1996, followed up to 2009. RESULTS Cumulative mortality rate, prevalence of CKD, and ESRD were higher in children with albuminuria than those without. Albuminuria category was associated with the risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 3.4] and ESRD (HR 3.24). Lower eGFR and albuminuria predicted mortality and ESRD among children with albuminuria and CKD. We found that being below a threshold of 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was significantly associated with ESRD. The highest renal function decline, along with the steepest slope of cumulative ESRD number, occurred in Stage 3, the critical point in renal progression. Risk factors for renal progression among different age groups with albuminuria were hypercholesterolemia and low serum albumin at 7-17 years of age. Beyond 18 years of age, besides the risk factor, a higher fasting blood sugar (BS) was also noted. CONCLUSION Childhood albuminuria is a risk factor for CKD in later life, albuminuria provides additional prognostic information, and complications of CKD should be defined in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuang Lin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, The Executive Yuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuh-Ming Huang
- Office of Statistics, Department of Health, The Executive Yuan, Taiwan
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40
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JiaWeiDangGui Decoction Ameliorates Proteinuria and Kidney Injury in Adriamycin-Induced Rat by Blockade of TGF-β/Smad Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5031890. [PMID: 27403197 PMCID: PMC4923567 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5031890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
JiaWeiDangGui (JWDG) decoction has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, which is used widely for the treatment of various kidney diseases. In previous studies, we have found that JWDG decoction can reduce the quantity of proteinuria, but the mechanism was unknown. Here, we studied the protective effect of JWDG decoction in adriamycin-induced nephropathy on rat. JWDG decoction, at 10 mL/kg/d, 20 mL/kg/d, and 40 mL/kg/d, was orally administered daily for 12 weeks. Therapeutic effects and mechanisms were further examined. The kidney function related biochemical indexes were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The pathomorphological changes were observed using light and transmission electron microcopies. The proteins expressions of podocin, nephrin, collagen IV, and fibronectin (FN) were examined by immunohistochemical staining, and key proteins involved in TGF-β/Smad signaling were evaluated by RT-PCR and western blotting. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, JWDG decoction decreased the quantity of proteinuria; reduced glomerulosclerotic lesions induced by ADR; and preserved the expression of podocin and nephrin. JWDG decoction also inhibited the expression of the collagen IV, FN, and fibrogenic TGF-β. Further studies revealed that inhibition of renal fibrosis was associated with the blockade of TGF-β/Smad signaling and downregulation of snail expression dose dependently. JWDG decoction prevents proteinuria production, podocyte dysfunction, and kidney injury in adriamycin nephropathy by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
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42
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El Karoui K, Viau A, Dellis O, Bagattin A, Nguyen C, Baron W, Burtin M, Broueilh M, Heidet L, Mollet G, Druilhe A, Antignac C, Knebelmann B, Friedlander G, Bienaimé F, Gallazzini M, Terzi F. Endoplasmic reticulum stress drives proteinuria-induced kidney lesions via Lipocalin 2. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10330. [PMID: 26787103 PMCID: PMC4735759 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), proteinuria results in severe tubulointerstitial lesions, which ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease. Here we identify 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone already used in humans, as a novel therapeutic strategy capable to counteract the toxic effect of proteinuria. Mechanistically, we show that albumin induces tubular unfolded protein response via cytosolic calcium rise, which leads to tubular apoptosis by Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) modulation through ATF4. Consistent with the key role of LCN2 in CKD progression, Lcn2 gene inactivation decreases ER stress-induced apoptosis, tubulointerstitial lesions and mortality in proteinuric mice. More importantly, the inhibition of this pathway by PBA protects kidneys from morphological and functional degradation in proteinuric mice. These results are relevant to human CKD, as LCN2 is increased in proteinuric patients. In conclusion, our study identifies a therapeutic strategy susceptible to improve the benefit of RAS inhibitors in proteinuria-induced CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil El Karoui
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Amandine Viau
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Olivier Dellis
- UMR-S 757 INSERM, Université Paris Sud 11, Rue des Adèles, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Alessia Bagattin
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Clément Nguyen
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - William Baron
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Martine Burtin
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mélanie Broueilh
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laurence Heidet
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Géraldine Mollet
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Anne Druilhe
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- INSERM U1163, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Bertrand Knebelmann
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Frank Bienaimé
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Morgan Gallazzini
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Chronic Kidney Disease, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Croissance et Signalisation », Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
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Huaiqihuang Granules () reduce proteinuria by enhancing nephrin expression and regulating necrosis factor κB signaling pathway in adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 23:279-287. [PMID: 26453563 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Huaiqihuang Granules (, HQH), a mixture of Chinese herbs including Trametes robiniophila Murr, Fructus Lycii and Polygonatum sibiricum, on adriamycininduced nephropathy (ADRN) in rats and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Rats with ADRN were divided into four groups: the sham group, the model group (distilled water), the low-dose HQH-treated (2 g/kg) group, and the high-dose HQH-treated (4 g/kg) group. Body weight and 24-h urinary protein (Upro) were checked every week. After 5-week intervention, at the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for examination of biochemical parameters, including glomerular morphological makers, podocyte shape, cellular apoptosis, expressions of nephrin, inflammatory and apoptosis markers. RESULTS HQH ameliorated the rat's general status, proteinuria, renal morphological appearance and glomerulosclerosis. The decreased expression of nephrin in ADRN rats was increased by HQH, as well as the impaired podocyte foot process fusion. Cytosolic levels of p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα) were decreased in ADRN rats, and recovered by the treatment of HQH. Consistently, the induced expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NFκB p65) and IκBα in ADRN were markedly suppressed by HQH. In addition, induction of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome C in ADRN rats were suppressed by HQH, indicating the amelioration of apoptosis. CONCLUSION HQH could ameliorate renal impairments in ADRN rats by increasing nephrin expression, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway via the down-regulation of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα, and suppression of glomerular and tubular apoptosis.
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Azimi A, Ziaee SM, Farhadi P, Sagheb MM. Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline explores new horizons in treatment of preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:468-74. [PMID: 26164832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, the leading cause of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality, initiates as inappropriate immune response to trophoblastic invasion impairs placentation and placental circulation. A poorly perfused placenta generates superoxide anions as well as anti-angiogenic factors and this series of events result in impairment of endothelial function, followed by maternal morbidities such as hypertension, kidney injury and proteinuria. Renal loss of anti-coagulant proteins and subsequent hyper-coagulable state along with endothelial dysfunction accelerates progression of the disease toward eclampsia. Since Pentoxifylline, a methyl-xanthine derivative known for enhancement of vascular endothelial function, down-regulation of many inflammatory cytokines increased during preeclampsia, improvement of placental circulation, reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury, enhancement of vasodilatation and endothelial function, ameliorating proteinuria, inhibition of platelet aggregation and decreasing risk of preterm labor, which are all amongst morbidities of preeclampsia, here it is hypothesized that Pentoxifylline prevents development of preeclampsia and/or decelerate progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Azimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Pouya Farhadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lim WH, Lewis JR, Wong G, Teo R, Lim EM, Byrnes E, Prince RL. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney function decline and kidney disease-related clinical events in older women. Am J Nephrol 2015; 41:156-64. [PMID: 25824561 DOI: 10.1159/000380831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still unclear whether serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a biomarker of renal tubular injury, is a prognostic marker for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. METHODS A prospective-cohort study of 1,245 women aged ≥70 from the general population. Associations between plasma NGAL and change in 5-year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), rapid renal decline and 10-year risk of acute or chronic renal disease-related hospitalisations and/or mortality were examined. RESULTS Compared to women with above-median plasma NGAL of 76.5 ng/l, women with below-median plasma NGAL had a 9.3% reduction in eGFR over a 5-year period. Among women with above-median plasma NGAL, there was over a 1.7-fold increased risk of rapid renal decline (eGFR decline of >3 ml/min/year) (adjusted odds ratio 1.76, 95% CI 1.003, 3.102, p = 0.049). Compared to women with baseline eGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), women with above-median plasma NGAL experienced over a 2.5-fold increased risk of renal disease events at 10 years (hazard ratio 2.55, 95% CI 1.13, 5.78, p = 0.025) after adjustment of age, hypertension and diabetes. Addition of plasma NGAL in participants with eGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) significantly improved the accuracy in predicting the 10-year risk of renal disease events (adjusted area-under-curve receiver operator characteristics without and with NGAL 0.64 and 0.71, respectively; p = 0.027) and reclassified 13% of women who experienced renal disease events into the higher risk categories (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Plasma NGAL is of modest clinical utility in predicting the renal function decline and risk of renal disease-related clinical events, particularly those with mild to moderate CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai H Lim
- University of Western Australia School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Perth, Australia
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Zhuang Y, Yasinta M, Hu C, Zhao M, Ding G, Bai M, Yang L, Ni J, Wang R, Jia Z, Huang S, Zhang A. Mitochondrial dysfunction confers albumin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and renal tubular injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F857-66. [PMID: 25694478 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00203.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is involved in the development of tubular lesions and in the progressive loss of renal function in chronic kidney diseases via uncertain mechanisms. Growing evidence suggests a pathogenic role of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic kidney diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to define the roles of mitochondria in proteinuria-induced renal tubular injury and their underlying mechanisms. Using the albumin-overload mouse model, we observed severe tubular structure damage and striking tubular cell apoptosis. Furthermore, tubular epithelial cells displayed a loss of E-cadherin expression and gained expression of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, indicating a cellular phenotypic alteration. Strikingly, these albumin overload-induced abnormalities were robustly blocked by a mitochondrial SOD2 mimic, Mn(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP). In agreement with these results, we observed a marked change in mitochondrial morphology accompanied by mitochondrial cytochrome c release and a copy number reduction of mitochondrial DNA. These alterations were largely reversed by MnTBAP, suggesting a key role for mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in mediating the albumin effect on mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent tubular injury. Moreover, the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1/cytokine cascade was activated in the kidney by albumin overload and was entirely abolished by MnTBAP. In albumin-treated mouse proximal tubular cells, albumin directly induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, NLRP3/caspase-1/cytokine cascade activation, cell apoptosis, and cellular phenotypic transition. Similar to our in vivo results, treatment with either MnTBAP or cyclosporin A, a mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor, remarkably attenuated these abnormalities in cells. Taken together, these novel findings demonstrate a potential role for the mitochondrial dysfunction/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the pathogenesis of proteinuria-induced renal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Marchella Yasinta
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Mi Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
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Huang JX, Blaskovich MA, Cooper MA. Cell- and biomarker-based assays for predicting nephrotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1621-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.967681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
The common pathogenetic pathway of progressive injury in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is epitomized as normal kidney parenchymal destruction due to scarring (fibrosis). Understanding the fundamental pathways that lead to renal fibrosis is essential in order to develop better therapeutic options for human CKD. Although complex, four cellular responses are pivotal. (1) An interstitial inflammatory response that has multiple consequences—some harmful and others healing. (2) The appearance of a unique interstitial cell population of myofibroblasts, primarily derived from kidney stromal cells (fibroblasts and pericytes), that are the primary source of the various extracellular matrix proteins that form interstitial scars. (3) Tubular epithelial cells that have variable and time-dependent roles as early responders to injury and later as victims of fibrosis due to the loss of their regenerative abilities. (4) Loss of interstitial capillary integrity that compromises oxygen delivery and leads to a vicious cascade of hypoxia–oxidant stress that accentuates injury and fibrosis. In the absence of adequate angiogenic responses, a healthy interstitial capillary network is not maintained. The fibrotic ‘scar' that typifies CKD is an interesting consortium of multifunctional macromolecules that not only change in composition and structure over time, but can be degraded via extracellular and intracellular proteases. Although transforming growth factor beta appears to be the primary driver of kidney fibrosis, a vast array of additional molecules may have modulating roles. The importance of genetic and epigenetic factors is increasingly appreciated. An intriguing but incompletely understood cardiorenal syndrome underlies the high morbidity and mortality rates that develop in association with progressive kidney fibrosis.
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Ding LH, Liu D, Xu M, Liu H, Wu M, Tang RN, Lv LL, Ma KL, Liu BC. Enalapril inhibits tubulointerstitial inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in BSA-overload nephropathy of rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1293-301. [PMID: 25152022 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Proteinuria is not only a common marker of renal disease, but also involved in renal tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of enalapril, an ACEI, against nephropathy in rats. METHODS Wistar rats underwent unilateral right nephrectomy, and then were treated with BSA (5 g·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip), or BSA plus enalapril (0.5 g·kg(-1)·d(-1), po) for 9 weeks. The renal lesions were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry. The expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS BSA-overload resulted in severe proteinuria, which peaked at week 7, and interstitial inflammation with prominent infiltration of CD68(+) cells (macrophages) and CD3(+) cells (T lymphocytes), particularly of CD20(+) cells (B lymphocytes). BSA-overload markedly increased the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the proximal tubular epithelial cells, and in inflammatory cells as well. Furthermore, the expression of IL-1β or IL-18 was significantly correlated with proteinuria (IL-1β: r=0.757; IL-18: r=0.834). These abnormalities in BSA-overload rats were significantly attenuated by concurrent administration of enalapril. CONCLUSION Enalapril exerts protective effects against BSA-overload nephropathy in rats via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome expression and tubulointerstitial inflammation.
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Fukami K, Yamagishi SI, Coughlan MT, Harcourt BE, Kantharidis P, Thallas-Bonke V, Okuda S, Cooper ME, Forbes JM. Ramipril inhibits AGE-RAGE-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:86. [PMID: 25143788 PMCID: PMC4138378 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play a role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activation also contributes to DN. However, the pathological interaction among AGE-RAGE, RAS and MMP-2 in DN remains unknown. We examined here the involvement of AGE and RAS in MMP-2 activation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and in AGE-exposed rat renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs). METHODS Experimental diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by intravenous injection of STZ. Diabetic rats received ramipril (3 mg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle for 32 weeks. AGE-modified rat serum albumin (AGE-RSA) or RSA was intraperitoneally administrated to 6-week-old male SD rats for 16 weeks. RPTCs were stimulated with 100 μg/ml AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) or BSA in the presence or absence of 10(-7) M ramiprilat, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme or 100 nM BAY11-7082, an IκB-α phosphorylation inhibitor. RESULTS AGE and RAGE expression levels and MMP-2 activity in the tubules of diabetic rats was significantly increased in association with increased albuminuria, all of which were blocked by ramipril. AGE infusion induced tubular MMP-2 activation and RAGE gene expression in SD rats. Ramiprilat or BAY11-7082 inhibited the AGE-induced MMP-2 activation or reactive oxygen species generation in RPTCs. Angiotensin II increased MMP-2 gene expression in RPTCs, which was blocked by BAY11-7082. CONCLUSIONS Our present study suggests the involvement of AGE-RAGE-induced, RAS-mediated MMP-2 activation in experimental DN. Blockade of AGE-RAGE axis by ramipril may protect against DN partly via suppression of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Fukami
- />Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011 Japan
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- />Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- />Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brooke E Harcourt
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- />Department of Glycation and Diabetic Complications, Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki Thallas-Bonke
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seiya Okuda
- />Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011 Japan
| | - Mark E Cooper
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- />Department of Glycation and Diabetic Complications, Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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