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Huang KM, Snider MD. Isolation of protein glycosylation mutants in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Biol Cell 1995; 6:485-96. [PMID: 7663020 PMCID: PMC301210 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.6.5.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated mutants in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe that are defective in protein glycosylation. A collection of osmotically sensitive mutants was prepared and screened for glycosylation defects using lectin staining as an assay. Mutants singly defective in four glycoprotein synthesis genes (gps1-4) were isolated, all of which bind less galactose-specific lectin. Acid phosphatase and other glycoproteins from the gps mutants have increased electrophoretic mobility, suggesting that these mutants make glycans of reduced size. N-linked glycan analysis revealed that terminal oligosaccharide modification is defective in the gps1 and gps2 mutants. Both mutants synthesize the Man9GlcNAc2 core glycan but have reduced amounts of larger structures. Modified core glycans from gps1 cells have normal amounts of galactose (Gal) residues, but reduced amounts of Man, consistent with a defect in a Golgi mannosyltransferase in this mutant. In contrast, N-linked oligosaccharides from gps2 mutants have much less Gal than wild type, because of reduced levels of the Gal donor, UDP-Gal. This reduction is caused by decreased activity of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, which synthesizes UDP-Gal. Neither the gps1 or gps2 mutations are lethal, although the cells grow at reduced rates. These findings suggest that S. pombe cells can survive with incompletely glycosylated cell wall glycoproteins. In particular, these results suggest that Gal, which comprises approximately 30% by weight of cell wall glycoprotein glycans, is not crucial for cell growth or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935, USA
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Trela BA, Bogdanffy MS. Carboxylesterase-dependent cytotoxicity of dibasic esters (DBE) in rat nasal explants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991; 107:285-301. [PMID: 1994511 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(91)90209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dibasic esters (DBE) are a solvent mixture of dimethyl adipate (DMA), dimethyl glutarate (DMG), and dimethyl succinate (DMS) used in the paint and coating industry. Subchronic inhalation toxicity studies have demonstrated that DBE induce a mild degeneration of the olfactory, but not the respiratory, epithelium of the rat nasal cavity. Carboxylesterase-mediated hydrolysis of the individual dibasic esters is more efficient in olfactory than in respiratory mucosal homogenates. In the present study, an in vitro system of cultured rat nasal explants was utilized to determine if DBE toxicity is dependent on a metabolic activation by nonspecific carboxylesterase. Explants from both the olfactory and the respiratory regions of the female rat nasal cavity were incubated for 2 hr in Williams' medium E containing 10-100 mM DMA, DMG, or DMS. DBE caused a dose-related increase in nasal explant acid phosphatase release, a biochemical index of cytotoxicity. HPLC analysis demonstrated parallel increases in the carboxylesterase-mediated formation of monomethyl ester metabolites. Diacid metabolite production in the nasal explant system was not entirely concentration-dependent. Metabolite concentrations and acid phosphatase release were generally greater in olfactory than respiratory tissues. DBE-induced cytotoxicity and acid metabolite production were markedly attenuated in nasal tissue excised from rats which were pretreated with bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate, a carboxylesterase inhibitor. This study presents a viable in vitro method for assessing organic ester cytotoxicity in the rat nasal cavity. It was shown that DBE are weak nasal toxicants under the conditions of this system. It was further demonstrated that DBE toxicity is dependent on a carboxylesterase-mediated activation. A similar mechanism was proposed for the nasal toxicity induced by other organic esters following inhalation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Trela
- Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Newark, Delaware 19714
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Panara F. Zn2+-dependent acid p-nitrophenylphosphatase from chicken liver. Purification, characterization and subcellular localization. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 20:457-62. [PMID: 2835275 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(88)90215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Zn2+-dependent acid p-nitrophenylphosphatase from chicken liver was purified to homogeneity. 2. The purified enzyme moves as a single electrophoretic band at pH 8.3 in 7.5% acrylamide and was coincident with the enzyme activity. 3. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 gave an apparent molecular weight of 110,000 with two apparent identical subunits of 54,000-56,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis. 4. The maximum of enzyme activity was obtained in the presence of 3-5 mM ZnCl2 at pH 6-6.2, however, higher concentrations of metal are inhibitory. The enzyme hydrolyses p-nitrophenylphosphate, o-carboxyphenylphosphate and phenylphosphate, was insensitive to NaF and was inhibited by phosphate and ATP. The Km for p-nitrophenylphosphate was 0.28 x 10(-3)M at pH 6 in 50 mM sodium acetate/100 mM NaCl. 5. Phosphate is a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.5 x 10(-3)M) whereas ATP seems to be a non-competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.35 x 10(-3)M). The isoelectric point determined by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel is 7.5. 6. Cell fractionation studies indicate that the Zn2+-dependent acid p-nitrophenylphosphatase of chicken liver is a soluble enzyme form.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Panara
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare, Facoltá di Scienze MM.FF.NN., Universitá di Perugia, Italy
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Podhajcer OL, Filmus JE, Guman N, Mordoh J. A high-molecular weight complex with acid phosphatase activity in human breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 1984; 64:145-53. [PMID: 6095019 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a high-molecular weight complex with acid phosphatase activity in the cytosol of human mammary tumors is reported. This complex appeared in the cytosol after tissue homogenization in the presence of dithiotreitol, with or without Triton X-100 and at acidic or neutral pH. Upon gel electrophoresis, this fraction showed only one band of enzyme activity which did not enter the fine pore gel. Lubrol or n-butanol had no apparent effect on this complex, and 8 M urea or 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate did not disaggregate this large molecule. After purification by gel filtration, ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography an apparent molecular weight or 10(6) was measured. It hydrolyzed typical acid phosphatase substrates such as p-NPP and alpha-NP, but also ATP and PPi. Only 44% inhibition was observed with L-(+)tartrate and it was still 40% active after 1 hr incubation at 60 degrees C. Reduction in the presence of SDS yielded several polypeptide bands. It was also detected in some samples of normal mammary tissues, but not in normal human placenta or liver.
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Anderson TR, Toverud SU. Further studies on the separation and identification of two phosphatases with acid optima from rat bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1981; 33:261-7. [PMID: 6791789 DOI: 10.1007/bf02409447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Panara F, Cirotto C, Arangi I, Barberini L. Localization of acid phosphatases in the cell fractions of chick liver. EXPERIENTIA 1980; 36:119-20. [PMID: 7358115 DOI: 10.1007/bf02004010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
3 molecular forms (P1, P2 and P3) of acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) have been detected in chicken liver homogenate. The different intracellular localization of these molecules has been demonstrated by cellular fractionation and electrophoretic analysis. P1 and P2 phosphatases are both present in the particulate fraction. P3 is present in a pure form in the soluble fraction. The difference between the enzyme molecules present in the particulate fraction and that in the soluble one is confirmed by the different activation-inhibition effect of various ions and substances on the enzymatic activity of subcellular fractions.
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Abstract
In this review the subcellular localization of enzymes and constituents in thyroid is discussed. Conditions and results of differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation studies are described with special attention to the validity of the markets used (Table VI). Special approaches to the isolation and characterization of thyroid organelles and membranes are extensively reviewed (Table VII). Subcellular fractionation of thyroid tissue has been shown to be an arduous task. Classic approaches for differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation, which have been proved successful for rat liver, are not always equally satisfactory for thyroid. The major problem is the toughness of the tissue requiring rather traumatizing homogenizing procedures. Nevertheless, the fractionation procedures did allow the subcellular localization of some enzymes and constituents to be established with a high degree of certainty. Furthermore, enriched subcellular fractions have been isolated which have been useful for biochemical studies concerning the specific function of this tissue.
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Hart N, Pontier P. Acid phosphatase in eggs of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. EXPERIENTIA 1979; 35:999-1001. [PMID: 477909 DOI: 10.1007/bf01949904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2 isozymes of acid phosphatase have been identified by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the ovary and mature, unfertilized eggs of B. rerio. Histochemically, the enzyme appears to be localized in preyolk bodies of previtellogenic oocytes and in yolk platelets of vitellogenic and postvitellogenic oocytes. The contents of the cortical granules at all stages of oocyte differentiation were acid phosphatase negative.
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Fishman M, Weinberg DS. Functional heterogeneity among peritoneal macrophages. II. Enzyme content of macrophage subpopulations. Cell Immunol 1979; 45:437-45. [PMID: 223768 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(79)90403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Panara F, Cirotto C, Arangi I, Barberini L. Acid and alkaline phosphatase heterogeneity in liver, heart and intestine of the adult chick. EXPERIENTIA 1978; 34:983-4. [PMID: 700048 DOI: 10.1007/bf01915300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The molecular heterogeneity of acid and alkaline phosphatase from chick liver, intestine and heart is demonstrated by polyacrilamide disc gel electrophoresis. Liver and heart show the same number of molecular forms of acid and alkaline phosphatases. In contrast, the intestine homogenate shows electrophoretic bands different in number and in gel position from those of the liver and of the heart.
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Urban JL, Unsworth BR. Lysosomal enzyme release associated with the invasion of rat liver by Novikoff hepatoma. EXPERIENTIA 1977; 33:1217-9. [PMID: 196903 DOI: 10.1007/bf01922338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomes of both Novikoff heptoma and liver from Novikoff heptoma-bearing rats were found to be relatively intact structurally, lower in acid phosphatase activity, greatly depleted in number but with nearly normal membrane integrity when compared with normal liver.
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Elektrophoretische trennung und eigenschaften von isoenzymen der sauren phosphatase aus dem gehirn der ratte. Acta Histochem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(77)80029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Piechowski JA, McWhinnie DJ. Amphibian acid phosphatase--III. Electrophoretic analysis of tissue and plasma proteins and acid phosphatase isozymes in Rana pipiens. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 56:123-30. [PMID: 299737 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(77)90035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Acetylcholinesterase during aging of human erythrocytes. Bull Exp Biol Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00799788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Papadimitriou JM, Wyche PA. A biochemical profile of glass-adherent cell populations containing multinucleated foreign body giant cells. J Pathol 1976; 119:239-54. [PMID: 784924 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711190408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Some biochemical characteristics of peritoneal macrophages, subcutaneous macrophages and subcutaneous cell populations containing multinucleate giant cells were compared. Subcutaneous macrophages possessed higher concentrations of succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, aryl hydroxylase, free RNase II, lecithin and free fatty acids than peritoneal macrophages, while the latter had higher concentrations of 5' -nucleotidase esterified cholesterol. These differences may be due to environmental variations depending on their anatomical position or more likely to their degree of activation. As significant numbers of multinucleate giant cells appear in the subcutaneous population the concentration aryl hydroxylase, 5' -nucleotidase lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, free ribonuclease II and esterified cholesterol falls. The concentration of succinate dehydrogenase decreases but then rises while the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases. These highlight the differences between cell populations containing multinucleated giant cells and those composed from their precursor mononuclear phagocytes only.
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Wang CC, Touster O. Acid phosphatase of HeLa cells: properties and regulation of lysosomal activity by serum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 172:191-201. [PMID: 3137 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dibenedetto G, Cozzani I. Nonspecific acid phosphatase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Purification and physical chemical properties. Biochemistry 1975; 14:2847-52. [PMID: 238577 DOI: 10.1021/bi00684a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repressible nonspecific acid phosphatase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe was purified to apparent homogeneity, as ascertained from ultracentrifugal, electrophoretic, and chromatographic data. The native protein has a molecular weight of 383,000 as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and 381,000 as determined by gel filtration. The native protein can be dissociated in the presence of 8 M urea-1% sodium dodecyl sulfate into sub-units possessing an approximate molecular weight of 104,000. Neutral sugars account for about 66% of the total molecular weight and contribute to the high solubility and some of the other physical properties of this enzyme. Purified enzyme preparations have a Km for 4-nitrophenyl phosphate of 0.17 mM and a broad substrate specificity, but do not show diesterase activity. Phosphate and sulfate are competitive inhibitors. The enzyme is inactivated at neutral and alkaline pH and at relatively low temperatures. Mannose and galactose was found as the main components of the carbohydrate moiety; glucosamine was present in lower amounts. The amino acid analysis revealed a high content of aspartate, threonine, and serine; no sulfhydryl group could be detected. Pi is released in stoichiometric amount (1 mol per enzyme monomer) on protein digestion.
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Tarrab R, Rodríguez J, Huitrón C, Palacios R, Soberón G. Molecular forms of rat-liver arginase. Isolation and characterization. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 49:457-68. [PMID: 4442422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Pure cultures of three types of mononuclear phagocytes-mouse peritoneal macrophages, unstimulated or after thioglycollate stimulation, and human monocytes-synthesize and secrete large amounts of lysozyme in vitro. The macrophage lysozyme is indistinguishable from authentic lysozyme in its ability to lyse M. lysodeikticus, inhibition by specific antisera, a similar size of 14,000 and cationic charge. Lysozyme secretion in culture is characterized by a large net increase in total lysozyme, 4-20-fold in 3 h, 75-95% of which is in the medium, and its continued extracellular accumulation over at least 2 wk in culture. Lysozyme is the major (14)C-labeled protein secreted into the medium by both unstimulated and thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages and the 0.75-1 microg produced per 1 x 10(6) cells/day represents 0.5-2.5% of the total cell protein. Lysozyme is a cell-specific marker for mononuclear phagocytes and the PMN, which contains preformed enzyme, since it is absent in lymphoid cells and a variety of fibroblast and epithelioid cell lines. Lysozyme production is also a useful measure of mononuclear phagocyte cell number. The rate of lysozyme production and secretion is remarkably constant for all cell types under a variety of culture conditions. Production by the mouse macrophage increases threefold on the 2nd day in culture and then remains linear with time. Production is optimal at a relatively low serum concentration, but can be maintained, in the absence of serum, in lactalbumin hydrolysate or, at a reduced level in basal media. The production and secretion of lysozyme are independent of the production of macrophage acid hydrolases. Net increase and secretion of lysozyme occur under conditions where acid hydrolases like N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and cathepsin D are neither accumulated nor secreted. Massive phagocytosis of latex particles has no effect on lysozyme production and secretion. Lysozyme production can be rapidly inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide (0.4 microg/ml) whereas inhibition of its production by colchicine (10(-6) M) occurs only after a lag period of more than 8 h, and is probably due to a secondary effect. These results show that mouse macrophages provide a simple in vitro system to measure lysozyme secretion and its control. These studies also indicate the possible importance of mononuclear phagocytes in the secretion of a variety of biologically active products and in the modification of their environment.
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McComb RJ, Trott JR. The effect of endotoxin and complement on the release of lysosomal enzymes from mouse leucocytes in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 1974; 19:125-9. [PMID: 4605240 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(74)90205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shaws TB, Lalley PA. Control of lysosomal acid phosphatase expression in man-mouse cell hybrids. Biochem Genet 1974; 11:121-39. [PMID: 4856818 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gonzales LW, Meizel S. Acid phosphatases of rabbit spermatozoa. I. Electrophoretic characterization of the multiple forms of acid phosphatase in rabbit spermatozoa and other semen constituents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 320:166-79. [PMID: 4748360 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(73)90176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
1. A number of methods of solubilization of pig brain acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) were studied. The multiple enzymic forms of the resultant preparations were examined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. Butanol extraction, Nagarase treatment and ultrasonication proved unsuitable as preparatory methods, but detergent treatment (Triton X-100, Triton X-100-KCl and lysolecithin) gave good yields. 3. Separation of soluble enzyme in three systems of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis were compared and the relative advantages are discussed. 4. By using a 6% (w/v) gel and continuous buffer system two forms of acetylcholinesterase were detected in Triton X-100-solubilized enzyme, but the incorporation of a sample and spacer gel and a discontinuous buffer system resolved this into four components. The forms of the soluble enzyme extracted by different methods differed in mobility. 5. With gradient polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis between two and six forms were detected, depending on the method used for extraction. The average molecular weights of the five forms most frequently found were 60000, 130000, 198000, 266000 and 350000. 6. Treatment of the Triton X-100-extracted enzyme with 2.5m-urea altered the pattern and evidence of dissociation was observed. 7. The results are discussed in the light of present theories on the molecular structure of acetylcholinesterase.
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Kalina M, Lopez ML, Bubis JJ. Effect of triparanol (mer 29) on rat liver lysosomes: cytochemical and biochemical study. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1973; 36:5-14. [PMID: 4355421 DOI: 10.1007/bf00310115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sellinger OZ, Santiago JC, Sands MA, Furin-Sloat B. N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase of nerve cells: a developmental study of two molecular components. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 315:128-46. [PMID: 4743898 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rindler R, Braunsteiner H. Soluble proteins from human leukocyte granules. I. Esterase activity of cationic proteins. BLUT 1973; 27:26-32. [PMID: 4515732 DOI: 10.1007/bf01631423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
1. Acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes was solubilized with Triton X-100 in strong salt solution and partially purified by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation. This preparation showed three main bands of enzyme activity after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and incubation with either alpha-naphthyl acetate or acetylthiocholine as enzyme substrate. Two of the multiple forms were completely inhibited by 10mum-eserine and one only partially. Treatment with neuraminidase had no effect on the electrophoretic pattern; therefore sialic acid does not appear to determine or affect the ratios of the acetylcholinesterase multiple forms, unlike those of the serum cholinesterase. 2. Chromatography of the preparation on Sephadex G-200 revealed one major peak of enzyme activity and a suggestion of two minor zones of mol.wt. 546000, 184000 and 93000 (i.e. in the proportion 6:2:1). The main peak was almost completely separated from the Triton X-100 and the overall purification was about 600-fold. Further attempts to purify the enzyme by absorption on calcium phosphate gels were unsuccessful. 3. Electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation on a polyacrylamide gradient for 24h revealed three main bands that corresponded to the three values for molecular weights obtained by column chromatography. After 70h of electrophoresis a further three zones of activity developed making six molecular entities, the molecular weights of which were simple multiples of a monomer, thus resembling the cholinesterase found in serum.
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Gessner TP, Himmelhoch R, Shelton E. Partial characterization of the protein components of eosinophil granules isolated from guinea pig exudates. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 156:383-9. [PMID: 4718777 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lanzerotti RH, Gullino PM. Immunochemical quantitation of enzymes using multispecific antisera. Anal Biochem 1972; 50:344-53. [PMID: 4118996 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Been AC, Rasch EM. Cellular and secretory proteins of the salivary glands of Sciara coprophila during the larval-pupal transformation. J Cell Biol 1972; 55:420-32. [PMID: 4116523 PMCID: PMC2108802 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.55.2.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and secretory proteins of the salivary gland of Sciara coprophila during the stages of the larval-pupal transformation were examined by electrophoresis in 0.6 mm sheets of polyacrylamide gel with both SDS-continuous and discontinuous buffer systems. After SDS-electrophoresis, all electrophoretograms of both reduced and nonreduced proteins from single glands stained with Coomassie brilliant blue revealed a pattern containing the same 25 bands during the stages of the larval-pupal transformation. With the staining procedures used in this study, qualitative increases and decreases were detected in existing proteins and enzymes. There was no evidence, however, for the appearance of new protein species that could be correlated with the onset of either pupation or gland histolysis. Electrophoretograms of reduced samples of anterior versus posterior gland parts indicated that no protein in the basic pattern of 25 bands was unique to either the anterior or posterior gland part. Electrophoretograms of reduced samples of secretion collected from either actively feeding or "cocoon"-building animals showed an electrophoretic pattern containing up to six of the 25 protein fractions detected in salivary gland samples, with varied amounts of these same six proteins in electrophoretograms of secretion samples from a given stage. Zymograms of non-specific esterases in salivary gland samples revealed a progressive increase in the amount of esterase reaction produce in one major band and some decrease in the second major band during later stages of the larval-pupal transformation.
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Robinson H. An electrophoretic and biochemical analysis of acid phosphatase in the tail ofXenopus laevis during development and metamorphosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Höhn P, Walther G, Leithoff H. [Diskelectrophoretical differentiation of various acid phosphatases]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR RECHTSMEDIZIN. JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 1971; 68:129-37. [PMID: 5577774 DOI: 10.1007/bf02169070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hilderson HJ, Stockx J, Dierick W. Subcellular structure of bovine thyroid. 3. The significance of sedimentable free enzyme activities. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1971; 79:337-44. [PMID: 4108443 DOI: 10.3109/13813457109085316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Vanha-Perttula T. Chromatographic fractionation and characterization of rat testicular acid phosphatases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 227:390-401. [PMID: 5550824 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(71)90070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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MacIntyre RJ. A method for measuring activities of acid phosphatases separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Biochem Genet 1971; 5:45-56. [PMID: 5582063 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hollander VP. 19 Acid Phosphatases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Skyring GW, Miller RW, Purkayastha V. Improved method for characterization of bacterial dehydrogenases using acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 1970; 36:511-20. [PMID: 4916450 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(70)90387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Erlanger M, Gershon D. Studies on aging in nematodes. Exp Gerontol 1970; 5:13-9. [PMID: 5446383 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(70)90024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sloat BF, Allen JM. Soluble and membrane-associated forms of acid phosphatase associated with the lysosomal fraction of rat liver. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1969; 166:574-601. [PMID: 4314102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb46421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sloat BF, Allen JM. SOLUBLE AND MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED FORMS OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ASSOCIATED WITH THE LYSOSOMAL FRACTION OF RAT LIVER. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1969. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb54303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Foster DM, Weber DJ. Free amino Acid pools and enzymes in teratonia and habituated tobaceo tissue cultures. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 1969; 22:1263-1272. [PMID: 20925676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1969.tb09116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The free amino acid content of habituated (normal) and teratoma (abnormal) tobacco tissue cultured on white's medium were compared. Significant qualitative differences (twofold or more) were observed for serine, proline, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. There were qualitative differences in several unidentified ninhydrin sensitive compounds. One unknown which co-chromatographed with homo-serine was present in high concentrations (9.96 μmol/g dry weight) in habituated but was lacking in teratoma tissue, Isoenzymes of an esterase, acid phosphatase, and oxidase were demonstrated in both tissues. The distinct differences in the isoenzyme pattern of acid phosphatase suggests a differential regulatory capacity of certain phosphomonoester intermediates and P(1) . The invertase activity was higher in habituated tissue, implying a greater capacity to utilize the sole carbon source, socrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Foster
- The Department of Biology, University of Houston
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Axline SG. Isozymes of acid phosphatase in normal and Calmette-Guérin bacillus-induced rabbit alveolar macrophages. J Exp Med 1968; 128:1031-48. [PMID: 4878908 PMCID: PMC2138558 DOI: 10.1084/jem.128.5.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The acid phosphatase activity of normal alveolar and BCG-induced alveolar macrophages has been examined. Five electrophoretically distinct forms of acid phosphatase have been identified in both normal and BCG-induced macrophages. The acid phosphatases can be divided into two major categories. One category, containing four distinct forms, is readily solubilized after repeated freezing and thawing or mechanical disruption The second category, containing one form, is firmly bound to the lysosomal membrane and can be solubilized by treatment of the lysosomal fraction with Triton X-100. The Triton-extractable acid phosphatase and the predominant aqueous soluble acid phosphatase have been shown to differ in the degree of membrane binding, in solubility, in net charge, and in molecular weight. The two pre-dominant phosphatases possess identical pH optimum and do not differ in response to enzyme inhibitors. BCG stimulation has been shown to result in a nearly twofold increase in acid phosphatase activity. A nearly proportionate increase in the major acid phosphatase forms has been observed.
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Wolman M, Kalina M, Bubis JJ. Effects of phase transitions on enzymes bound to different cellular membranes. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1968; 15:251-60. [PMID: 4316102 DOI: 10.1007/bf00305889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Stumm-Tegethoff B. [Demonstration of cytochrome oxidase with the aid of polyacrylamide electrophoresis]. J Chromatogr A 1967; 30:284-6. [PMID: 4293619 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)84161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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