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Sun M, Li Y, Su S, Gao J, Yu L, Qi X, Liang H, Li X, Qi X, Liang Y, Zhou L, Zhang G, Li Y. Tussilagone ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by enhancing energy metabolism and antioxidant activity. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2099-2113. [PMID: 37010930 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem. However, no effective treatments are currently available. Thus, there is a critical need to develop novel drugs that can prevent and treat NAFLD with few side effects. In this study, Tussilagone (TUS), a natural sesquiterpene isolated from Tussilago farfara L, was explored in vitro and in vivo for its potential to treat NAFLD. Our results showed that in vitro TUS reduced oleic acid palmitate acid-induced triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis in HepG2cells, reduced intracellular lipid droplet accumulation, improved glucose metabolism disorders and increased energy metabolism and reduced oxidative stress levels. In vivo, TUS significantly reduced fat accumulation and improved liver injury in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. TUS treatment significantly increased liver mitochondrial counts and antioxidant levels compared to the HFD group of mice. In addition, TUS was found to reduce the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoy-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that TUS may be helpful in the treatment of NAFLD, suggesting that TUS is a promising compound for the treatment of NAFLD. Our findings provided novel insights into the application of TUS in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Songtao Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinyi Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Huanjie Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yixing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Salagre D, Navarro-Alarcón M, Villalón-Mir M, Alcázar-Navarrete B, Gómez-Moreno G, Tamimi F, Agil A. Chronic melatonin treatment improves obesity by inducing uncoupling of skeletal muscle SERCA-SLN mediated by CaMKII/AMPK/PGC1α pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis in female and male Zücker diabetic fatty rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116314. [PMID: 38387135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin acute treatment limits obesity of young Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats by non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). We recently showed melatonin chronically increases the oxidative status of vastus lateralis (VL) in both obese and lean adult male animals. The identification of VL skeletal muscle-based NST by uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)- sarcolipin (SLN) prompted us to investigate whether melatonin is a SERCA-SLN calcium futile cycle uncoupling and mitochondrial biogenesis enhancer. Obese ZDF rats and lean littermates (ZL) of both sexes were subdivided into two subgroups: control (C) and 12 weeks orally melatonin treated (M) (10 mg/kg/day). Compared to the control groups, melatonin decreased the body weight gain and visceral fat in ZDF rats of both sexes. Melatonin treatment in both sex obese rats restored the VL muscle skin temperature and sensitized the thermogenic effect of acute cold exposure. Moreover, melatonin not only raised SLN protein levels in the VL of obese and lean rats of both sexes; also, the SERCA activity. Melatonin treatment increased the SERCA2 expression in obese and lean rats (both sexes), with no effects on SERCA1 expression. Melatonin increased the expression of thermogenic genes and proteins (PGC1-α, PPARγ, and NRF1). Furthermore, melatonin treatment enhanced the expression ratio of P-CaMKII/CaMKII and P-AMPK/AMPK. In addition, it rose mitochondrial biogenesis. These results provided the initial evidence that chronic oral melatonin treatment triggers the CaMKII/AMPK/PGC1α axis by upregulating SERCA2-SLN-mediated NST in ZDF diabetic rats of both sexes. This may further contribute to the body weight control and metabolic benefits of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Salagre
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - M Navarro-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - M Villalón-Mir
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - B Alcázar-Navarrete
- CIBERES, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, and Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada 18014, Spain
| | - G Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Medically Compromised Patients in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada 18011, Spain
| | - F Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Agil
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.
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Guo C, He J, Deng X, Wang D, Yuan G. Potential therapeutic value of melatonin in diabetic nephropathy: improvement beyond anti-oxidative stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1250-1261. [PMID: 34048666 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1933539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, and it is also the main cause of chronic renal failure. Physiological/pathological changes mediated by high glucose are the main factors causing injury of DN, including the enhancement of polyol pathway, the accumulation of advanced glycation products (AGEs), and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals. In addition, the abnormal activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress are also involved. Melatonin is a physiological hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland which has been proved to be related to diabetes. Studies have shown that exogenous melatonin intervention can reduce blood glucose and alleviate high glucose mediated pathological damage. At the same time, melatonin also has a strong antioxidant effect, and can inhibit the activation of RAS. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the therapeutic effect and value of melatonin on DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Salagre D, Raya Álvarez E, Cendan CM, Aouichat S, Agil A. Melatonin Improves Skeletal Muscle Structure and Oxidative Phenotype by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy in Zücker Diabetic Fatty Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1499. [PMID: 37627494 PMCID: PMC10451278 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced skeletal muscle (SKM) inflexibility is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on the red vastus lateralis (RVL) muscle in obese rat models at the molecular and morphological levels. Five-week-old male Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and their age-matched lean littermates (ZL) were orally treated either with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/24 h) (M-ZDF and M-ZL) or non-treated (control) (C-ZDF and C-ZL) for 12 weeks. Western blot analysis showed that mitochondrial fission, fusion, and autophagy were altered in the C-ZDF group, accompanied by reduced SIRT1 levels. Furthermore, C-ZDF rats exhibited depleted ATP production and nitro-oxidative stress, as indicated by increased nitrites levels and reduced SOD activity. Western blotting of MyH isoforms demonstrated a significant decrease in both slow and fast oxidative fiber-specific markers expression in the C-ZDF group, concomitant with an increase in the fast glycolytic fiber markers. At the tissue level, marked fiber atrophy, less oxidative fibers, and excessive lipid deposition were noted in the C-ZDF group. Interestingly, melatonin treatment partially restored mitochondrial fission/fusion imbalance in the RVL muscle by enhancing the expression of fission (Fis1 and DRP1) markers and decreasing that of fusion (OPA1 and Mfn2) markers. It was also found to restore autophagy, as indicated by increased p62 protein level and LC3BII/I ratio. In addition, melatonin treatment increased SIRT1 protein level, mitochondrial ATP production, and SOD activity and decreased nitrites production. These effects were associated with enhanced oxidative phenotype, as evidenced by amplified oxidative fiber-specific markers expression, histochemical reaction for NADH enzyme, and muscular lipid content. In this study, we showed that melatonin might have potential therapeutic implications for obesity-induced SKM metabolic inflexibility among patients with obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Salagre
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
| | - Enrique Raya Álvarez
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Clinic San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cruz Miguel Cendan
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
| | - Samira Aouichat
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
| | - Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
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Ding L, Teng R, Zhu Y, Liu F, Wu L, Qin L, Wu X, Liu T. Electroacupuncture treatment ameliorates metabolic disorders in obese ZDF rats by regulating liver energy metabolism and gut microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207574. [PMID: 37441502 PMCID: PMC10335763 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders represent a major therapeutic challenge to public health worldwide due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. Acupuncture is widely used as adjuvant therapy for multiple metabolic diseases. However, detailed biological interpretation of the acupuncture stimulations is still limited. The gut and the liver are intrinsically connected and related to metabolic function. Microbial metabolites might affect the gut-liver axis through multiple mechanisms. Liver metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to explore the specific mechanism of electroacupuncture in treating ZDF rats in this study. Electroacupuncture effectively improved glycolipid metabolism disorders of the ZDF rats. Histopathology confirmed that electroacupuncture improved diffuse hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte vacuolation, and promoted glycogen accumulation in the liver. The treatment significantly improved microbial diversity and richness and upregulated beneficial bacteria that maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and decreased bacteria with detrimental metabolic features on host metabolism. Liver metabolomics showed that the main effects of electroacupuncture include reducing the carbon flow and intermediate products in the TCA cycle, regulating the metabolism of various amino acids, and inhibiting hepatic glucose output and de novo lipogenesis. The gut-liver axis correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between the liver metabolites and the gut microbiota, especially allantoin and Adlercreutzia. Electroacupuncture treatment can improve abnormal energy metabolism by reducing oxidative stress, ectopic fat deposition, and altering metabolic fluxes. Our results will help us to further understand the specific mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Teng
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Al-Rawaf HA, Gabr SA, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Melatonin Function and Cellular Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Sedentary Middle-Aged Men. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1201. [PMID: 37512013 PMCID: PMC10384261 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Physical performance increased by controlled interventions of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT); however, little is known about their influence as anti-aging and antioxidant effects, or their role in mitochondrial biogenesis. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of HIIT for 12 weeks on melatonin function, lymphocyte cell apoptosis, oxidative stress on aging, and physical performance. Methods: Eighty healthy male subjects aged 18-65 years randomly participated in a HIIT-exercise training program for 12 weeks. Anthropometric analysis, cardiovascular fitness, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lymphocyte count and apoptosis, and serum melatonin and cytochrome c oxidase (COX), were estimated for all subjects before and after HIIT-exercise training. HIIT training was performed in subjects for 12 weeks. Results: Data analysis showed a significant increase in the expression levels of the melatonin hormone (11.2 ± 2.3, p < 0.001), TAC (48.7 ± 7.1, p < 0.002), COX (3.7 ± 0.75, p < 0.001), and a higher percentage of lymphocyte apoptosis (5.2 ± 0.31, p < 0.003). In addition, there was an improvement in fitness scores (W; 196.5 ± 4.6, VO2max; 58.9 ± 2.5, p < 0.001), adiposity markers (p < 0.001); BMI, WHtR, and glycemic control parameters (p < 0.01); FG, HbA1c (%), FI, and serum C-peptide were significantly improved following HIIT intervention. Both melatonin and lymphocyte apoptosis significantly correlated with the studied parameters, especially TAC and COX. Furthermore, the correlation of lymphocyte apoptosis with longer exercise duration was significantly associated with increased serum melatonin following exercise training. This association supports the mechanistic role of melatonin in promoting lymphocyte apoptosis either via the extrinsic mediator pathway or via inhibition of lymphocyte division in the thymus and lymph nodes. Additionally, the correlation between melatonin, lymphocyte apoptosis, TAC, and COX activities significantly supports their role in enhancing physical performance. Conclusions: The main findings of this study were that HIIT exercise training for 12 weeks significantly improved adiposity markers, glycemic control parameters, and physical performance of sedentary older adult men. In addition, melatonin secretion, % of lymphocyte apoptosis, COX activities, and TAC as biological aging markers were significantly increased following HIIT exercise training interventions for 12 weeks. The use of HIIT exercise was effective in improving biological aging, which is adequate for supporting chronological age, especially regarding aging problems. However, subsequent studies are required with long-term follow-up to consider HIIT as a modulator for several cardiometabolic health problems in older individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Wang L, Wang W, Han R, Liu Y, Wu B, Luo J. Protective effects of melatonin on myocardial microvascular endothelial cell injury under hypertensive state by regulating Mst1. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:179. [PMID: 37005605 PMCID: PMC10068162 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the protective effects of melatonin on the hypertensive model in myocardial microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS Mouse myocardial microvascular endothelial cells were intervened with angiotensin II to establish hypertensive cell model and divided into control, hypertension (HP), hypertension + adenovirus negative control (HP + Ad-NC), hypertension + adenovirus carrying Mst1 (HP + Ad-Mst1), hypertension + melatonin (HP + MT), hypertension + adenovirus negative control + melatonin (HP + Ad-NC + MT), and hypertension + adenovirus carrying Mst1 + melatonin (HP + Ad-Mst1 + MT) groups. Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscope. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Oxidative stress markers of MDA, SOD and GSH-PX were measured. The expression of LC3 and p62 was detected by immunofluorescence. Expression levels of Mst1, p-Mst1, Beclin1, LC3, and P62 were detected with Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the autophagosomes in HP, HP + Ad-Mst1, and HP + Ad-NC groups were significantly reduced. Compared with HP group, the autophagosomes in HP + Ad-Mst1 group were significantly reduced. The apoptosis of HP + MT group was significantly lower than HP group. Compared with HP + Ad-Mst1 group, the apoptosis of HP + Ad-Mst1 + MT group was significantly reduced. The ratio of JC-1 monomer in HP + MT group was significantly lower than HP group. Compared with HP + Ad-Mst1 group, the mitochondrial membrane potential of HP + Ad-Mst1 + MT group was also significantly reduced. MDA content in HP + MT group was significantly reduced, but SOD and GSH-PX activities were significantly increased. Compared with HP + Ad-Mst1 group, MDA content in HP + Ad-Mst1 + MT group was significantly reduced, whereas SOD and GSH-PX activities were increased significantly. Mst1 and p-Mst1 proteins in HP + MT group were significantly reduced. Compared with HP + Ad-Mst1 group, Mst1 and p-Mst1 in HP + Ad-Mst1 + MT group were reduced. P62 level was significantly decreased, while Beclin1 and LC3II levels were significantly increased. P62 in HP + MT group was significantly reduced, while Beclin1 and LC3II were significantly increased. Compared with HP + Ad-Mst1 group, P62 in HP + Ad-Mst1 + MT group was significantly reduced, but Beclin1 and LC3II were significantly increased. CONCLUSION Melatonin may inhibit apoptosis, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase autophagy of myocardial microvascular endothelial cells under hypertensive state via inhibiting Mst1 expression, thereby exerting myocardial protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Ruimei Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinjiang Military General Hospital, 359 Youhao North Street, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China.
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China.
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Kavyani Z, Dehghan P, Khani M, Khalafi M, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of camelina sativa oil and high-intensity interval training on liver function and metabolic outcomes in male type 2 diabetic rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1102862. [PMID: 36937342 PMCID: PMC10014722 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined effects of camelina sativa oil and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on liver function, and metabolic outcomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five equal groups (8 per group): Normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + camelina sativa oil (300 mg/kg by oral gavage per day; D + CSO), diabetic + HIIT (running on a treadmill 5 days/week for 8 weeks; D + HIIT), diabetic + camelina sativa oil + HIIT (D + CSO + HIIT). Results In all three intervention groups (D + CSO, D + HIIT, and D + CSO + HIIT) compared to the DC, hepatic TNF-α, MDA, and histopathology markers, decreased and hepatic PGC-1α, and PPAR-γ increased (p < 0.05). However, the effect of D + CSO was greater than D + HIIT alone. Hepatic TG decreased significantly in D + HIIT and D + CSO + HIIT compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucose in all three intervention groups (D + CSO, D + HIIT, and D + CSO + HIIT) and HOMA-IR in D + CSO and D + CSO + HIIT were decreased compared to DC (p < 0.001). Only hepatic TAC and fasting plasma insulin remained unaffected in the three diabetic groups (p < 0.001). Overall, D + CSO + HIIT had the largest effect on all outcomes. Conclusions At the doses and treatment duration used in the current study, combination of CSO and HIIT was beneficial for reducing liver function and metabolic outcomes other than CSO and HIIT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvin Dehghan,
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Stępniak J, Krawczyk-Lipiec J, Lewiński A, Karbownik-Lewińska M. Sorafenib versus Lenvatinib Causes Stronger Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids in Noncancerous Tissues of the Thyroid, Liver, and Kidney: Effective Protection by Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic Acid. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112890. [PMID: 36428458 PMCID: PMC9687109 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib and lenvatinib are multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors which are currently approved to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However this treatment is often limited due to common adverse events which may occur via oxidative stress. The study aims to compare sorafenib- and lenvatinib-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) in homogenates of porcine noncancerous tissues of the thyroid, the liver, and the kidney and to check if it can be prevented by antioxidants melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). Homogenates of individual tissues were incubated in the presence of sorafenib or lenvatinib (1 mM, 100 µM, 10 µM, 1 µM, 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM, 100 pM) together with/without melatonin (5.0 mM) or IPA (5.0 mM). The concentration of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals, as the LPO index, was measured spectrophotometrically. The incubation of tissue homogenates with sorafenib resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in LPO (statistically significant for concentrations of 1mM and 100 µM in the thyroid and the liver, and of 1 mM, 100 µM, and 10 µM in the kidney). The incubation of thyroid homogenates with lenvatinib did not change LPO level. In case of the liver and the kidney, lenvatinib increased LPO but only in its highest concentration of 1 mM. Melatonin and IPA reduced completely (to the level of control) sorafenib- and lenvatinib-induced LPO in all examined tissues regardless of the drug concentration. In conclusion, sorafenib comparing to lenvatinib is a stronger damaging agent of membrane lipids in noncancerous tissues of the thyroid, the liver, and the kidney. The antioxidants melatonin and IPA can be considered to be used in co-treatment with sorafenib and lenvatinib to prevent their undesirable toxicity occurring via oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stępniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Krawczyk-Lipiec
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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10
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Li X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhuang Q, Zhao M. Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Liver Fibrosis: A Disruption of Oxygen Homeostasis? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:802251. [PMID: 35187072 PMCID: PMC8850363 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.802251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, “cirrhosis of the liver” was the 11th leading cause of death globally in 2019. Many kinds of liver diseases can develop into liver cirrhosis, and liver fibrosis is the main pathological presentation of different aetiologies, including toxic damage, viral infection, and metabolic and genetic diseases. It is characterized by excessive synthesis and decreased decomposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Hepatocyte cell death, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and inflammation are crucial incidences of liver fibrosis. The process of fibrosis is also closely related to metabolic and immune disorders, which are usually induced by the destruction of oxygen homeostasis, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypoxia pathway activation. Mitochondria are important organelles in energy generation and metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key factors activated when hypoxia occurs. Both are considered essential factors of liver fibrosis. In this review, the authors highlight the impact of oxygen imbalance on metabolism and immunity in liver fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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11
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Huang K, Luo X, Zhong Y, Deng L, Feng J. New insights into the role of melatonin in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00904. [PMID: 35005848 PMCID: PMC8929360 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiovascular complications and impaired cardiac function are considered to be the main causes of death in diabetic patients worldwide, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin, as the main product secreted by the pineal gland, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diabetes. Melatonin improves myocardial cell metabolism, reduces vascular endothelial cell death, reverses microcirculation disorders, reduces myocardial fibrosis, reduces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulates cell autophagy and apoptosis, and improves mitochondrial function, all of which are the characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This review focuses on the role of melatonin in DCM. We also discuss new molecular findings that might facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism. Finally, we propose potential new therapeutic strategies for patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianling Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Patel R, Parmar N, Pramanik Palit S, Rathwa N, Ramachandran AV, Begum R. Diabetes mellitus and melatonin: Where are we? Biochimie 2022; 202:2-14. [PMID: 35007648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related complications are amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The international diabetes federation (IDF) has estimated 592 million people to suffer from DM by 2035. Hence, finding a novel biomolecule that can effectively aid diabetes management is vital, as other existing drugs have numerous side effects. Melatonin, a pineal hormone having antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, has been implicated in circadian dysrhythmia-linked DM. Reduced levels of melatonin and a functional link between melatonin and insulin are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) Additionally, genomic studies revealed that rare variants in melatonin receptor 1b (MTNR1B) are also associated with impaired glucose tolerance and increased risk of T2D. Moreover, exogenous melatonin treatment in cell lines, rodent models, and diabetic patients has shown a potent effect in alleviating diabetes and other related complications. This highlights the role of melatonin in glucose homeostasis. However, there are also contradictory reports on the effects of melatonin supplementation. Thus, it is essential to explore if melatonin can be taken from bench to bedside for diabetes management. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of melatonin in various diabetic models and whether it can be considered a safe drug for managing diabetic complications and diabetic manifestations like oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic dysregulation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishant Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani Pramanik Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirali Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Division of Life Science, School of Sciences, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391 410, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India.
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13
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Melatonin Enhances the Mitochondrial Functionality of Brown Adipose Tissue in Obese-Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091482. [PMID: 34573114 PMCID: PMC8466890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel drugs/targets remains a major effort toward controlling obesity-related type 2 diabetes (diabesity). Melatonin controls obesity and improves glucose homeostasis in rodents, mainly via the thermogenic effects of increasing the amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increases in mitochondrial mass, amount of UCP1 protein, and thermogenic capacity. Importantly, mitochondria are widely known as a therapeutic target of melatonin; however, direct evidence of melatonin on the function of mitochondria from BAT and the mechanistic pathways underlying these effects remains lacking. This study investigated the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial functions in BAT of Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which are considered a model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At five weeks of age, Zücker lean (ZL) and ZDF rats were subdivided into two groups, consisting of control and treated with oral melatonin for six weeks. Mitochondria were isolated from BAT of animals from both groups, using subcellular fractionation techniques, followed by measurement of several mitochondrial parameters, including respiratory control ratio (RCR), phosphorylation coefficient (ADP/O ratio), ATP production, level of mitochondrial nitrites, superoxide dismutase activity, and alteration in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Interestingly, melatonin increased RCR in mitochondria from brown fat of both ZL and ZDF rats through the reduction of the proton leak component of respiration (state 4). In addition, melatonin improved the ADP/O ratio in obese rats and augmented ATP production in lean rats. Further, melatonin reduced mitochondrial nitrosative and oxidative status by decreasing nitrite levels and increasing superoxide dismutase activity in both groups, as well as inhibited mPTP in mitochondria isolated from brown fat. Taken together, the present data revealed that chronic oral administration of melatonin improved mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes, while decreasing oxidative and nitrosative stress and susceptibility of adipocytes to apoptosis in ZDF rats, suggesting a beneficial use in the treatment of diabesity. Further research regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of melatonin on diabesity is warranted.
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14
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Wang L, McFadden JW, Yang G, Zhu H, Lian H, Fu T, Sun Y, Gao T, Li M. Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition, lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:787-796. [PMID: 33486831 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Gaiqing Yang
- Modern Experimental Technique and Management Centre, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heshui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Asano K, Tsukada A, Yanagisawa Y, Higuchi M, Takagi K, Ono M, Tanaka T, Tomita K, Yamada K. Melatonin stimulates transcription of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in hepatic cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2712-2721. [PMID: 33070478 PMCID: PMC7714082 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin plays physiological roles in various critical processes, including circadian rhythms, oxidative stress defenses, anti-inflammation responses, and immunity; however, the current understanding of the role of melatonin in hepatic glucose metabolism is limited. In this study, we examined whether melatonin affects gene expression of the key gluconeogenic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). We found that melatonin treatment increased PEPCK mRNA levels in rat highly differentiated hepatoma (H4IIE) cells and primary cultured hepatocytes. In addition, we found that melatonin induction was synergistically enhanced by dexamethasone, whereas it was dominantly inhibited by insulin. We also report that the effect of melatonin was blocked by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK), RNA polymerase II, and protein synthesis. Furthermore, the phosphorylated (active) forms of ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) increased 15 min after melatonin treatment. We performed luciferase reporter assays to show that melatonin specifically stimulated promoter activity of the PEPCK gene. Additional reporter analysis using 5'-deleted constructs revealed that the regulatory regions responsive to melatonin mapped to two nucleotide regions, one between -467 and -398 nucleotides and the other between -128 and +69 nucleotides, of the rat PEPCK gene. Thus, we conclude that melatonin induces PEPCK gene expression via the ERK1/2 pathway at the transcriptional level, and that induction requires de novo protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Asano
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsukada
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yanagisawa
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Higuchi
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takagi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan.,Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Moe Ono
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Koji Tomita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Japan.,Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto, Japan
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16
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Genario R, Cipolla-Neto J, Bueno AA, Santos HO. Melatonin supplementation in the management of obesity and obesity-associated disorders: A review of physiological mechanisms and clinical applications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105254. [PMID: 33080320 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the evolving advances in clinical approaches to obesity and its inherent comorbidities, the therapeutic challenge persists. Among several pharmacological tools already investigated, recent studies suggest that melatonin supplementation could be an efficient therapeutic approach in the context of obesity. In the present review, we have amalgamated the evidence so far available on physiological effects of melatonin supplementation in obesity therapies, addressing its effects upon neuroendocrine systems, cardiometabolic biomarkers and body composition. Most studies herein appraised employed melatonin supplementation at dosages ranging from 1 to 20 mg/day, and most studies followed up participants for periods from 3 weeks to 12 months. Overall, it was observed that melatonin plays an important role in glycaemic homeostasis, in addition to modulation of white adipose tissue activity and lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial activity. Additionally, melatonin increases brown adipose tissue volume and activity, and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have also been demonstrated. There appears to be a role for melatonin in adiposity reduction; however, several questions remain unanswered, for example melatonin baseline levels in obesity, and whether any seeming hypomelatonaemia or melatonin irresponsiveness could be clarifying factors. Supplementation dosage studies and more thorough clinical trials are needed to ascertain not only the relevance of such findings but also the efficacy of melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Genario
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allain A Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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17
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Agil A, Chayah M, Visiedo L, Navarro-Alarcon M, Rodríguez Ferrer JM, Tassi M, Reiter RJ, Fernández-Vázquez G. Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in the Kidney of Zücker Diabetic Fatty Rats. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092916. [PMID: 32927647 PMCID: PMC7564180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated diabetes (diabesity) impair kidney mitochondrial dynamics by augmenting fission and diminishing fusion, which results in mitochondrial and renal dysfunction. Based on available evidence, the antioxidant activities of melatonin may improve impaired renal mitochondrial function in obese diabetic animals by restoring the imbalanced dynamics through inhibiting fission and promoting fusion. Male Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and lean littermates (ZL) were orally treated either with melatonin (10 mg/kg BW/day) (M-ZDF and M-ZL) or vehicle (C-ZDF and C-ZL) for 17 weeks. Kidney function was evaluated by measurement of total urine volume, proteinuria, creatinine clearance, and assessment of kidney mitochondrial dynamics and function. C-ZDF exhibited impaired dynamics and function of kidney mitochondria in comparison to C-ZL. Melatonin improved nephropathy of ZDF rats and modulated their mitochondrial dynamics by reducing expression of Drp1 fission marker and increasing that of fusion markers, Mfn2 and Opa1. Furthermore, melatonin ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing respiratory control index and electron transfer chain complex IV activity. In addition, it lowered mitochondrial oxidative status. Our findings show that melatonin supplementation improves nephropathy likely via modulation of the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and function in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (L.V.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-625-143-359
| | - Meriem Chayah
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (L.V.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucia Visiedo
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (L.V.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Navarro-Alarcon
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Mohamed Tassi
- Service of Microscopy, CIBM, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
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Effect of Melatonin as an Antioxidant Drug to Reverse Hepatic Steatosis: Experimental Model. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:7315253. [PMID: 32566547 PMCID: PMC7293725 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7315253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hepatic steatosis of the nonalcoholic origin or NAFLD is increasing at present, particularly in Western countries, parallel to the increase in obesity, constituting one of the most prevalent hepatic processes in the Western society. Melatonin has been successfully tested in experimental models in mice as a drug capable of reversing steatosis. The effect of melatonin on fat metabolism can be summarized as a decrease in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in oxidative stress, biochemical phenomena intimately related to fat deposition in the hepatocyte. There are hardly any studies in large animals. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigate the effects of melatonin administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day to reverse established hepatic steatosis induced by a special diet in a porcine animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyze the parameters of oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA), and carbonyls, degree of fat infiltration (analyzed by direct vision by a pathologist and by means of a computer program of image treatment), and serological parameters of lipid metabolism and hepatic damage. These parameters were analyzed in animals to which hepatic steatosis was induced by means of dietary modifications. RESULTS We have not been able to demonstrate globally a beneficial effect of melatonin in the improvement or reversal of liver steatosis once established, induced by diet in a porcine animal model. However, we have found several signs of improvement at the histological level, at the level of lipid metabolism, and at the level of oxidative stress parameters. We have verified in our study that, in the histological analysis of the liver sample by means of the program image treatment (free of subjectivity) of the animals that continue with the diet, those that consume melatonin do not increase steatosis as much as those that do not consume it significantly (p=0.002). Regarding the parameters of oxidative stress, MDA modifies in a significant manner within the group of animals that continue with the diet and take melatonin (p=0.004). As for lipid metabolism, animals that maintain the steatotic diet and take melatonin lower total and LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL levels, although these results do not acquire statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS In this study, it has not been possible to demonstrate a beneficial effect of melatonin in the improvement or reversal of liver steatosis once established and induced by diet in the porcine model. It is true that signs of improvement have been found at the histological level, at the level of lipid metabolism, and at the level of oxidative stress phenomena, when comparing animals with established steatosis that are treated with melatonin with those who do not take it. This work is the first study conducted in a large animal model in which the effect of melatonin is studied as a treatment in the reversal of established hepatic steatosis.
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Akçay NC, Ömeroğlu S, Dizakar SÖA, Kavutçu M, Türkoğlu İ, Eşmekaya MA, Peker TV. The effects of melatonin on possible damage that will occur on adipocytokines and liver tissue by coadministration of fructose and bisphenol a (BPA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16231-16245. [PMID: 32124283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BPA, one of the environmental endocrine disruptors, and fructose, reason of liver steatosis which is frequently encountered in the daily diet, contribute to the formation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study examines the possible effects of concurrent fructose and BPA administration on MetS and determines the effects of melatonin on this process. In the seven identified groups, a total of forty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were treated by following fructose, BPA, and melatonin amounts, separately and together: group 1 (control), group 2 (10% aqueous fructose), group 3 (25 mg/kg BPA), group 4 (10% fructose + 25 mg/kg BPA), group 5 (10% fructose + 20 mg/kg melatonin), group 6 (25 mg/kg BPA + 20 mg/kg melatonin), and group 7 (10% fructose + 25 mg/kg BPA + 20 mg/kg melatonin). At the end of 60 days, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and biochemical procedures were performed on liver tissue. As a result, it was seen that BPA and fructose + BPA induced morphological alteration and inflammation and increased intracellular lipid quantity and amount of collagen and reticular fibers. The percentage of apoptotic liver cells stained by annexin V-FITC/PI was lower in group 7 compared to the group 4 (p < 0,001) and also in group 6 compared to the group 3 (p = 0.014). Both BPA and fructose application caused an increase in lipid peroxidation level due to the increase of oxidative stress. Application of melatonin induced antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation level. Our results indicate that fructose and BPA administration triggered the formation of MetS, whereas melatonin healed these variations, although not entirely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Coşkun Akçay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 2th Floor, 06230, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Suna Ömeroğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean's Building, 4th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadet Özen Akarca Dizakar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean's Building, 4th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutçu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean's Building, 5th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Türkoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean's Building, 4th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meriç Arda Eşmekaya
- Department of Biophysics, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean's Building, 5th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Veysel Peker
- Department of Anatomy, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean's Building, 2th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Time-dependent melatonin secretion is associated with mitochondrial function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of male volunteers. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:21-29. [PMID: 32304866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin blood levels vary depending on the circadian rhythm. It also stimulates antioxidant enzymes and has positive effects on mitochondrial function. The current study investigated the effects of endogenously released melatonin on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The current study included 20 healthy adults (mean age 25,7 ± 3.4 years). Blood was collected at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. The activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and ATP levels were determined in isolated PBMC. Melatonin concentrations were determined in serum samples. Sleep behavior was assessed. In PBMCs isolated from blood samples of males, respiration of mitochondrial complex IV and ATP levels as well as serum melatonin concentration were significantly lower at 2 a.m. compared to the samples collected at 8 p.m. Mitochondrial parameters and melatonin blood levels were equal at both time points in the samples isolated from females. Although our results show that the amount of melatonin secreted may have had an influence, further investigation is needed to determine the importance of melatonin and other factors in measuring the mitochondrial function of PBMC.
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Molecular Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8609213. [PMID: 32215179 PMCID: PMC7085395 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8609213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and an inadequate response to circulatory insulin by peripheral tissues resulting in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance has a complex pathophysiology, and it is contributed to by multiple factors including oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between free radical production and the antioxidant system leading to a reduction of peripheral insulin sensitivity and contributing to the development of T2DM via several molecular mechanisms. In this review, we present the molecular mechanisms by which the oxidative milieu contributes to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus.
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22
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Zhou S, Dai YM, Zeng XF, Chen HZ. Circadian Clock and Sirtuins in Diabetic Lung: A Mechanistic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:173. [PMID: 32308644 PMCID: PMC7145977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced tissue injuries in target organs such as the kidney, heart, eye, liver, skin, and nervous system contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of diabetes. However, whether the lung should be considered a diabetic target organ has been discussed for decades. Accumulating evidence shows that both pulmonary histological changes and functional abnormalities have been observed in diabetic patients, suggesting that the lung is a diabetic target organ. Mechanisms underlying diabetic lung are unclear, however, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and premature aging convincingly contribute to them. Circadian system and Sirtuins have been well-documented to play important roles in above mechanisms. Circadian rhythms are intrinsic mammalian biological oscillations with a period of near 24 h driven by the circadian clock system. This system plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular proliferation and senescence, thus impacting metabolism-related diseases, chronic airway diseases and cancers. Sirtuins, a family of adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, have been demonstrated to regulate a series of physiological processes and affect diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), heart disease, cancer, and aging. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the roles of the circadian clock and Sirtuins in regulating cellular processes and highlight the potential interactions of the circadian clock and Sirtuins in the context of diabetic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Zhou
| | - Yi-Min Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hou-Zao Chen ;
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23
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Ji Y, Elkin K, Yip J, Guan L, Han W, Ding Y. From circadian clocks to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:1107-1112. [PMID: 31645151 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1684899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The circadian rhythm is an integral regulator of various endocrine processes in the body, including sleep-wake cycles, hormonal regulation, and metabolism. In addition to metabolic, genetic, and environmental factors, a dysregulated circadian rhythm resulting from lifestyle changes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An accumulating body of evidence also supports strong association between NAFLD and metabolic disorder, the pathogenesis of which is related to periodic fluctuations in hormonal homeostasis. It is clear that endocrine and circadian rhythms are tightly interconnected. Generally, the circadian rhythm regulates flux patterns of physiological functions. The present review will discuss the modulation of bodily processes by the circadian rhythm with specific attention to the regulation of NAFLD by leptin and related hormones.Areas covered: PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for articles related to concomitant occurrence of NAFLD and T2DM between January 1995 and September 2019. Areas covered included epidemiological, physiology and pathophysiology aspects.Expert opinion: NAFLD and NASH are increasingly prevalent and may be largely mitigated with effective lifestyle modification and, potentially, circadian rhythm stabilization. Improved knowledge of the specific pathogenesis of NAFLD in addition to enhanced diagnostic screening tools and prediction of future disease burden is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James Yip
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Longfei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.,China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Li JX, Cheng D, Liu Y, Lu K, Hou WQ. Endurance exercise resistance to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy is associated with cardiac NAD +/dSIR2/ PGC-1α pathway activation in old Drosophila. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.044719. [PMID: 31624074 PMCID: PMC6826281 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxic cardiomyopathy is caused by excessive lipid accumulation in myocardial cells and it is a form of cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac PGC-1α overexpression prevents lipotoxic cardiomyopathy induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The level of NAD+ and Sir2 expression upregulate the transcriptional activity of PGC-1α. Exercise improves cardiac NAD+ level and PGC-1α activity. However, the relationship between exercise, NAD+/dSIR2/PGC-1α pathway and lipotoxic cardiomyopathy remains unknown. In this study, flies were fed a HFD and exercised. The heart dSir2 gene was specifically expressed or knocked down by UAS/hand-Gal4 system. The results showed that either a HFD or dSir2 knockdown remarkably increased cardiac TG level and d FAS expression, reduced heart fractional shortening and diastolic diameter, increased arrhythmia index, and decreased heart NAD+ level, dSIR2 protein, dSir2 and PGC-1α expression levels. Contrarily, either exercise or dSir2 overexpression remarkably reduced heart TG level, dFAS expression and arrhythmia index, and notably increased heart fractional shortening, diastolic diameter, NAD+ level, dSIR2 level, and heart dSir2 and PGC-1α expression. Therefore, we declared that exercise training could improve lipotoxic cardiomyopathy induced by a HFD or cardiac dSir2 knockdown in old Drosophila The NAD+/dSIR2/PGC-1α pathway activation was an important molecular mechanism of exercise resistance against lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Sports Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
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25
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104450. [PMID: 31509764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and disabling condition with a paucity of effective and evidence-based therapies, reflecting a major unmet need. Cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise are of modest benefit for only some ME/CFS patients, and many sufferers report aggravation of symptoms of fatigue with exercise. The presence of a multiplicity of pathophysiological abnormalities in at least the subgroup of people with ME/CFS diagnosed with the current international consensus "Fukuda" criteria, points to numerous potential therapeutic targets. Such abnormalities include extensive data showing that at least a subgroup has a pro-inflammatory state, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, disruption of gut mucosal barriers and mitochondrial dysfunction together with dysregulated bioenergetics. In this paper, these pathways are summarised, and data regarding promising therapeutic options that target these pathways are highlighted; they include coenzyme Q10, melatonin, curcumin, molecular hydrogen and N-acetylcysteine. These data are promising yet preliminary, suggesting hopeful avenues to address this major unmet burden of illness.
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26
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Hu C, Zhao L, Tao J, Li L. Protective role of melatonin in early-stage and end-stage liver cirrhosis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7151-7162. [PMID: 31475778 PMCID: PMC6815834 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is composed of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and dendritic cells; all these functional and interstitial cells contribute to the synthesis and secretion functions of liver tissue. However, various hepatotoxic factors including infection, chemicals, high‐fat diet consumption, surgical procedures and genetic mutations, as well as biliary tract diseases such as sclerosing cholangitis and bile duct ligation, ultimately progress into liver cirrhosis after activation of fibrogenesis. Melatonin (MT), a special hormone isolated from the pineal gland, participates in regulating multiple physiological functions including sleep promotion, circadian rhythms and neuroendocrine processes. Current evidence shows that MT protects against liver injury by inhibiting oxidation, inflammation, HSC proliferation and hepatocyte apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the progression of liver cirrhosis. In this review, we summarize the circadian rhythm of liver cirrhosis and its potential mechanisms as well as the therapeutic effects of MT on liver cirrhosis and earlier‐stage liver diseases including liver steatosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis. Given that MT is an antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory agent that is effective in eliminating liver injury, it is a potential agent with which to reverse liver cirrhosis in its early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, College of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Tao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Rong B, Feng R, Liu C, Wu Q, Sun C. Reduced delivery of epididymal adipocyte-derived exosomal resistin is essential for melatonin ameliorating hepatic steatosis in mice. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12561. [PMID: 30659651 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte-derived exosomes (Exos) serve as bioinformation-containing messengers in cell-to-cell communications, and numerous reports demonstrate that resistin, an adipokine, is strongly associated with hepatic steatosis and other fatty liver diseases, suggesting that adipose dysfunction-generated altered pattern of exosomal cytokines may contribute to shaping the physiological activities in liver. Admittedly, melatonin-mediated positive effects on various tissues/organs have been respectively reported, but regulatory mechanisms of melatonin on the crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver have been investigated rarely. Overall, we hypothesize that the crosstalk originating from adipose tissue may be another worthy regulatory pathway for melatonin ameliorating of hepatic steatosis. Here, we first found the amount of adipocyte-derived exosomal resistin to be significantly decreased by melatonin supplementation. Compared to mice with ExosHFD or Exosresistin treatment, ExosMT remarkably ameliorated hepatic steatosis. Further test demonstrated that resistin was a pivotal cytokine which repressed phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (pAMPKα Thr172 ) to trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in hepatic steatosis, whereas ExosMT reversed these risks in hepatocytes. In adipocytes, we identified melatonin to reduce the production of resistin through the brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) transcriptional inhibition. Notably, we also confirmed that melatonin enhanced N6 -Methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA demethylation to degrade resistin mRNA in adipocytes. Overall, melatonin decreases traffic volume of adipocyte-generated exosomal resistin from adipocytes to hepatocytes, which further alleviates ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Our findings illustrate a novel melatonin-mediated regulatory pathway from adipocytes to hepatocytes, indicating that adipocyte-derived exosome is a new potential target for treating obesity and related hepatorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Rong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruonan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenlong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Chang JYA, Yu F, Shi L, Ko ML, Ko GYP. Melatonin Affects Mitochondrial Fission/Fusion Dynamics in the Diabetic Retina. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8463125. [PMID: 31098384 PMCID: PMC6487082 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8463125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion are dependent on cellular nutritional states, and maintaining this dynamics is critical for the health of cells. Starvation triggers mitochondrial fusion to maintain bioenergetic efficiency, but during nutrient overloads (as with hyperglycemic conditions), fragmenting mitochondria is a way to store nutrients to avoid waste of energy. In addition to ATP production, mitochondria play an important role in buffering intracellular calcium (Ca2+). We found that in cultured 661W cells, a photoreceptor-derived cell line, hyperglycemic conditions triggered an increase of the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a protein marker of mitochondrial fission, and a decrease of mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a protein for mitochondrial fusion. Further, these hyperglycemic cells also had decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ but increased cytosolic Ca2+. Treating these hyperglycemic cells with melatonin, a multifaceted antioxidant, averted hyperglycemia-altered mitochondrial fission-and-fusion dynamics and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. To mimic how people most commonly take melatonin supplements, we gave melatonin to streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic mice by daily oral gavage and determined the effects of melatonin on diabetic eyes. We found that melatonin was not able to reverse the STZ-induced systemic hyperglycemic condition, but it prevented STZ-induced damage to the neural retina and retinal microvasculature. The beneficial effects of melatonin in the neural retina in part were through alleviating STZ-caused changes in mitochondrial dynamics and Ca2+ buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ya-An Chang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michael L. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gladys Y.-P. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M Institute of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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29
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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Exploration of Diverse Therapeutic Applications of a Potential Molecule. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010034. [PMID: 30669679 PMCID: PMC6359187 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, two pathways are mainly followed in case of eukaryotic human-one is through the salvage pathway using nicotinamide while the other follows phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside. Due to the unavailability of a suitable transporter, NMN enters inside the mammalian cell in the form of nicotinamide riboside followed by its subsequent conversion to NMN and NAD+. This particular molecule has demonstrated several beneficial pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, which suggest its potential therapeutic use. Mostly mediated by its involvement in NAD+ biosynthesis, the pharmacological activities of NMN include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity. The recent groundbreaking discovery of anti-ageing activities of this chemical moiety has added a valuable essence in the research involving this molecule. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of NMN in mammalian and prokaryotic cells and mechanism of absorption along with the reported pharmacological activities in murine model.
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30
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Melatonin Alleviates Radiation-Induced Lung Injury via Regulation of miR-30e/NLRP3 Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4087298. [PMID: 30755784 PMCID: PMC6348879 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4087298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecule, which plays a crucial role in various physiological functions. In this study, mice received a single dose of 15 Gy radiation delivered to the lungs and daily intraperitoneal administration of melatonin. After 7 days, mice were processed to harvest either bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for cytokine assays or lungs for flow cytometry and histopathological studies. Herein, we showed that melatonin markedly alleviated the oxidative stress and injury, especially suppressing the infiltration of macrophages (CD11b+CD11c−) and neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6G+) to the irradiated lungs. Moreover, in the irradiated RAW 264.7 cells, melatonin blocked the NLRP3 inflammasome activation accompanied with the inhibition of the IL-1β release and caspase-1 activity. However, melatonin restored the downregulated miR-30e levels. Quantitative PCR analysis of miR-30e and NLRP3 indicated the negative correlation between them. Notably, immunofluorescence staining showed that overexpression of miR-30e dramatically diminished the increased NLRP3 expression. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that NLRP3 was a target gene of miR-30e. Western blotting revealed that transfection with miR-30e mimics markedly reduced the expressions of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, whereas this phenomenon was reversed by the miR-30e inhibitor. Consistent with this, the beneficial effect of melatonin under irradiated exposure was blunted in cells transfected with anti-miR-30e. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome contributed to the pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injury. Meanwhile, melatonin exerted its protective effect through negatively regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. The melatonin-mediated miR-30e/NLRP3 signaling may provide novel therapeutic targets for radiation-induced injury.
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31
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Montalbano G, Mania M, Abbate F, Navarra M, Guerrera MC, Laura R, Vega JA, Levanti M, Germanà A. Melatonin treatment suppresses appetite genes and improves adipose tissue plasticity in diet-induced obese zebrafish. Endocrine 2018; 62:381-393. [PMID: 29926348 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and premature death in modern society. Recently, numerous natural and synthetic compounds have been tested in diet-induced obese animal models, to counteract obesity. Melatonin is a circadian hormone, produced by pineal gland and extra-pineal sources, involved in processes which have in common a rhythmic expression. In teleost, it can control energy balance by activating or inhibiting appetite-related peptides. The study aims at testing effects of melatonin administration to control-fed and overfed zebrafish, in terms of expression levels of orexigenic (Ghrelin, orexin, NPY) and anorexigenic (leptin, POMC) genes expression and morphometry of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots. METHODS Adult male zebrafish (n = 56) were divided into four dietary groups: control, overfed, control + melatonin, overfed + melatonin. The treatment lasted 5 weeks and BMI levels of every fish were measured each week. After this period fishes were sacrificed; morphological and morphometric studies have been carried out on histological sections of adipose tissue and adipocytes. Moreover, whole zebrafish brain and intestine were used for qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that melatonin supplementation may have an effect in mobilizing fat stores, in increasing basal metabolism and thus in preventing further excess fat accumulation. Melatonin stimulates the anorexigenic and inhibit the orexigenic signals. CONCLUSIONS It seems that adequate melatonin treatment exerts anti-obesity protective effects, also in a diet-induced obesity zebrafish model, that might be the result of the restoration of many factors: the final endpoint reached is weight loss and stabilization of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Montalbano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy.
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy.
| | - M Mania
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - F Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - M Navarra
- Department of Drug Sciences and products for Health, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - M C Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - R Laura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - J A Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España, 33006, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 5 Poniente 1670, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - M Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - A Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
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32
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Bonomini F, Borsani E, Favero G, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091135. [PMID: 30134592 PMCID: PMC6164189 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Borsani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walder K, Berk M, Stubbs B, Maes M, Carvalho AF. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Neuroprogressive Diseases: Emerging Pathophysiological Role and Translational Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8765-8787. [PMID: 29594942 PMCID: PMC6208857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main cellular organelle involved in protein synthesis, assembly and secretion. Accumulating evidence shows that across several neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive diseases, ER stress ensues, which is accompanied by over-activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although the UPR could initially serve adaptive purposes in conditions associated with higher cellular demands and after exposure to a range of pathophysiological insults, over time the UPR may become detrimental, thus contributing to neuroprogression. Herein, we propose that immune-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative, neuro-nitrosative, as well as mitochondrial pathways may reciprocally interact with aberrations in UPR pathways. Furthermore, ER stress may contribute to a deregulation in calcium homoeostasis. The common denominator of these pathways is a decrease in neuronal resilience, synaptic dysfunction and even cell death. This review also discusses how mechanisms related to ER stress could be explored as a source for novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive diseases. The design of randomised controlled trials testing compounds that target aberrant UPR-related pathways within the emerging framework of precision psychiatry is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, SA15 2LW, UK
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, W12 0HS, UK.
| | - Ken Walder
- The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
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Melatonin Balance the Autophagy and Apoptosis by Regulating UCP2 in the LPS-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030675. [PMID: 29547569 PMCID: PMC6017117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mediating the protective of melatonin when septic cardiomyopathy. UCP2 knocked out mice and cardiomyocytes were used to study the effect of melatonin in response to LPS. Indicators of myocardial and mitochondria injury including mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, calcium loading, ROS, and ATP detection were assessed. In addition cell viability and apoptosis as well as autophagy-associated proteins were evaluated. Melatonin was able to protect heart function from LPS, which weakened in the UCP2-knockout mice. Consistently, genipin, a pharmacologic inhibitor of UCP2, augmented LPS-induced damage of AC16 cells. In contrast, melatonin upregulated UCP2 expression and protected the cells from the changes in morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and subsequent increased ROS generation as well as ATP reduction. Mitophagy proteins (Beclin-1 and LC-3β) were increased while apoptosis-associated proteins (cytochrome C and caspase-3) were decreased when UCP2 was up-regulated. In conclusion, UCP2 may play a protecting role against LPS by regulating the balance between autophagy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and by which mechanisms, it may contribute to homeostasis of cardiac function and cardiomyocytes activity. Melatonin may protect cardiomyocytes through modulating UCP2.
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Liu Z, Gan L, Zhang T, Ren Q, Sun C. Melatonin alleviates adipose inflammation through elevating α-ketoglutarate and diverting adipose-derived exosomes to macrophages in mice. J Pineal Res 2018; 64. [PMID: 29149454 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with macrophage infiltration and metabolic inflammation, both of which promote metabolic disease progression. Melatonin is reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting inflammatory response of adipocytes and macrophages activation. However, the effects of melatonin on the communication between adipocytes and macrophages during adipose inflammation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated melatonin alleviated inflammation and elevated α-ketoglutarate (αKG) level in adipose tissue of obese mice. Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (Idh2) mRNA level was also elevated by melatonin in adipocytes leading to increase αKG level. Further analysis revealed αKG was the target for melatonin inhibition of adipose inflammation. Moreover, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) physically interacted with IDH2 and formed a complex to increase the circadian amplitude of Idh2 and αKG content in melatonin-inhibited adipose inflammation. Notably, melatonin promoted exosomes secretion from adipocyte and increased adipose-derived exosomal αKG level. Our results also confirmed that melatonin alleviated adipocyte inflammation and increased ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages by transporting of exosomal αKG to macrophages and promoting TET-mediated DNA demethylation. Furthermore, exosomal αKG attenuated signal transducers and activators of transduction-3 (STAT3)/NF-κB signal by its receptor oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1) in adipocytes. Melatonin also attenuated adipose inflammation and deceased macrophage number in chronic jet-lag mice. In summary, our results demonstrate melatonin alleviates metabolic inflammation by increasing cellular and exosomal αKG level in adipose tissue. Our data reveal a novel function of melatonin on adipocytes and macrophages communication, suggesting a new potential therapy for melatonin to prevent and treat obesity caused systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Michurina SV, Ischenko IY, Arkhipov SA, Klimontov VV, Cherepanova MA, Korolev MA, Rachkovskaya LN, Zav’yalov EL, Konenkov VI. Melatonin—Aluminum Oxide—Polymethylsiloxane Complex on Apoptosis of Liver Cells in a Model of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:165-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Uddin GM, Youngson NA, Doyle BM, Sinclair DA, Morris MJ. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation ameliorates the impact of maternal obesity in mice: comparison with exercise. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15063. [PMID: 29118320 PMCID: PMC5678092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition increases the risk of long-term metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Exercise improves metabolism partly by upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis or function, via increased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). We have shown that the NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can reverse some of the negative consequences of high fat diet (HFD) consumption. To investigate whether NMN can impact developmentally-set metabolic deficits, we compared treadmill exercise and NMN injection in offspring of obese mothers. Five week old lean and obese female C57BL6/J mice were mated with chow fed males. Female offspring weaned onto HFD were given treadmill exercise for 9 weeks, or NMN injection daily for 18 days. Maternal obesity programmed increased adiposity and liver triglycerides, with decreased glucose tolerance, liver NAD+ levels and citrate synthase activity in offspring. Both interventions reduced adiposity, and showed a modest improvement in glucose tolerance and improved markers of mitochondrial function. NMN appeared to have stronger effects on liver fat catabolism (Hadh) and synthesis (Fasn) than exercise. The interventions appeared to exert the most global benefit in mice that were most metabolically challenged (HFD-consuming offspring of obese mothers). This work encourages further study to confirm the suitability of NMN for use in reversing metabolic dysfunction linked to programming by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Mezbah Uddin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
| | - Neil A Youngson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
| | - Bronte M Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02115, USA
| | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia.
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El-Magd MA, Abdo WS, El-Maddaway M, Nasr NM, Gaber RA, El-Shetry ES, Saleh AA, Alzahrani FAA, Abdelhady DH. High doses of S-methylcysteine cause hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis accompanied by engulfment of mitochondaria by nucleus. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:589-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Alqasim AA, Noureldin EEM, Hammadi SH, Esheba GE. Effect of melatonin versus vitamin D as antioxidant and Hepatoprotective agents in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:41. [PMID: 29021975 PMCID: PMC5622449 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease, with multiple complications including hepatopathy associated with imbalance of the oxidative status. The purpose of this study is to observe possible protective effects of vitamin-D and melatonin on glucose profile, antioxidant-oxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and histopathological protection of the liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Eighty three male albino rats were divided into nine groups as follows: G1 (n = 10) Normal control rats; G2 (n = 8) were normal rats treated with melatonin only; G3 (n = 10) were normal rats treated with vitamin D only; G4 (n = 9) were diabetic rats, which received no medications; G5 (n = 8) were diabetic rat treated with insulin only; G6 (n = 10) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin only; G7 (n = 9) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin and insulin; G8 (n = 9) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D only; G9 (n = 10) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D and insulin. Two months post treatment, blood was collected to measure: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine (FA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdahyde (MDA). livers were isolated for histopathological study. Results As compared to normal rats, our results demonstrate that glucose, fructosamine and HbA1c levels is increased in diabetic groups and declined to lesser levels in treated groups. TAC level of diabetic rats is not significantly changed. Vitamin D administration significantly increased TAC while it is not changed with melatonin either in treated or non-treated groups. The liver of diabetic rats shows only mild focal microvesicular fatty degeneration. The liver of diabetic rats treated with insulin shows degeneration of cell edema in the stroma. The liver of diabetic rats treated with melatonin with or without insulin, exhibited marked improvement. The liver of diabetic rats treated with vitamin D with or without insulin, shows degeneration of cells and edema in the stroma. Conclusion Our results demonstrated the beneficial antioxidant effect of vitamin D administration to normal and diabetic rats as compared to melatonin. Nevertheless, melatonin still shows more therapeutic effect on liver cell injury induced by induction of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmonim A Alqasim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Eldin M Noureldin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami H Hammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada E Esheba
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang M, Lin J, Wang S, Cheng Z, Hu J, Wang T, Man W, Yin T, Guo W, Gao E, Reiter RJ, Wang H, Sun D. Melatonin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy through Mst1/Sirt3 signaling. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28480597 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of melatonin on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and determined the underlying mechanisms. Echocardiography indicated that melatonin notably mitigated the adverse left ventricle remodeling and alleviated cardiac dysfunction in DCM. The mechanisms were attributed to increased autophagy, reduced apoptosis, and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited Mst1 phosphorylation and promoted Sirt3 expression in DCM. These results indicated that melatonin may exert its effects through Mst1/Sirt3 signaling. To verify this hypothesis, a DCM model using Mst1 transgenic (Mst1 Tg) and Mst1 knockout (Mst1-/- ) mice was constructed. As expected, melatonin increased autophagy, reduced apoptosis and improved mitochondrial biogenesis in Mst1 Tg mice subjected to DCM injury, while it had no effects on Mst1-/- mice. In addition, cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to simulated diabetes to probe the mechanisms involved. Melatonin administration promoted autophagic flux as demonstrated by elevated LC3-II and lowered p62 expression in the presence of bafilomycin A1. The results suggest that melatonin alleviates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in DCM by upregulating autophagy, limiting apoptosis, and modulating mitochondrial integrity and biogenesis. The mechanisms are associated with Mst1/Sirt3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanrong Man
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Chen G, Deng H, Song X, Lu M, Zhao L, Xia S, You G, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Dong A, Zhou H. Reactive oxygen species-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for alleviating sepsis-induced acute liver injury in mice. Biomaterials 2017; 144:30-41. [PMID: 28820966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute liver injury contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and is associated with increased mortality. Currently, no specific therapeutics for sepsis-associated liver injury are available. With excess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) being implicated as key players in sepsis-induced liver injury, we hypothesize that ROS-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) formed via the self-assembly of diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) may function as an effective drug delivery system for alleviating sepsis-induced liver injury by preferentially releasing drug molecules at the disease site. However, there are no reports available on the biocompatibility and effect of PEG-b-PPS-NPs in vivo. Herein, this platform was tested for delivering the promising antioxidant therapeutic molecule melatonin (Mel), which currently has limited therapeutic efficacy because of its poor pharmacokinetic properties. The mPEG-b-PPS-NPs efficiently encapsulated Mel using the oil-in-water emulsion technique and provided sustained, on-demand release that was modulated in vitro by the hydrogen peroxide concentration. Animal studies using a mouse model of sepsis-induced acute liver injury revealed that Mel-loaded mPEG-b-PPS-NPs are biocompatible and much more efficacious than an equivalent amount of free drug in attenuating oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and subsequent liver injury. Accordingly, this work indicates that mPEG-b-PPS-NPs show potential as an ROS-mediated on-demand drug delivery system for improving Mel bioavailability and treating oxidative stress-associated diseases such as sepsis-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Chen
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Mingzi Lu
- Beijing Research Center of Urban System Engineering, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Sha Xia
- Center for Food and Drug Inspection of CFDA, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Guoxing You
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhao
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
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Song J, Whitcomb DJ, Kim BC. The role of melatonin in the onset and progression of type 3 diabetes. Mol Brain 2017; 10:35. [PMID: 28764741 PMCID: PMC5539639 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is defined by the excessive accumulation of toxic peptides, such as beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The risk factors associated with AD include genetic mutations, aging, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. To date, several studies that have demonstrated an association between AD and diabetes have revealed that the common risk factors include insulin resistance, sleep disturbances, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and altered glucose homeostasis. Many researchers have discovered that there are mechanisms common to both diabetes and AD. AD that results from insulin resistance in the brain is termed “type 3 diabetes”. Melatonin synthesized by the pineal gland is known to contribute to circadian rhythms, insulin resistance, protection of the BBB, and cell survival mechanisms. Here, we review the relationship between melatonin and type 3 diabetes, and suggest that melatonin might regulate the risk factors for type 3 diabetes. We suggest that melatonin is crucial for attenuating the onset of type 3 diabetes by intervening in Aβ accumulation, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Daniel J Whitcomb
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Bristol, Whitson street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Melatonin Modulates Neuronal Cell Death Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress under Insulin Resistance Condition. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060593. [PMID: 28604593 PMCID: PMC5490572 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is an important stress factor in the central nervous system, thereby aggravating neuropathogenesis and triggering cognitive decline. Melatonin, which is an antioxidant phytochemical and synthesized by the pineal gland, has multiple functions in cellular responses such as apoptosis and survival against stress. This study investigated whether melatonin modulates the signaling of neuronal cell death induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress under IR condition using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Apoptosis cell death signaling markers (cleaved Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP), p53, and Bax) and ER stress markers (phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α), ATF4, CHOP, p-IRE1, and spliced XBP1 (sXBP1)) were measured using reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative PCR, and western blottings. Immunofluorescence staining was also performed for p-ASK1 and p-IRE1. The mRNA or protein expressions of cell death signaling markers and ER stress markers were increased under IR condition, but significantly attenuated by melatonin treatment. Insulin-induced activation of ASK1 (p-ASK1) was also dose dependently attenuated by melatonin treatment. The regulatory effect of melatonin on neuronal cells under IR condition was associated with ASK1 signaling. In conclusion, the result suggested that melatonin may alleviate ER stress under IR condition, thereby regulating neuronal cell death signaling.
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Yurt KK, Kaplan S, Kıvrak EG. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin on the hippocampus exposed to diclofenac sodium during the prenatal period. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 87:37-48. [PMID: 28576559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) has strong antioxidant properties since it is a direct scavenger of oxygen-based free radicals and related species. The main aim of this study is to show whether the effects of Mel can prevent the potential adverse effects of diclofenac sodium (DS), used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) during the prenatal period, on the newborn experimental rat brain tissues using stereological methods Twenty-four male 12-week old Wistar albino rats were used. The study involved four groups (each containing six rats), those exposed, during the prenatal period, to saline 1ml/kg (Saline group), to diclofenac sodium 3.6mg/kg (DS group), or to diclofenac sodium+melatonin 50mg/kg (DS+Mel group), and a control group (Cont group). At the end of the experiment, the brains were removed from the cranium for histological and stereological analyses. Cell loss in the hippocampus exposed to DS was observed compared to the Cont group (p<0.01), and a similar side-effect was also seen in the Saline group (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in cell numbers between the Cont and DS+Mel groups (p>0.05). These results suggest that exposure to DS during pregnancy causes a decrease in the number of cells in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus in the postnatal period. Using Mel, a neuroprotective agent, reduced the toxic effects of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Elfide Gizem Kıvrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Nduhirabandi F, Huisamen B, Strijdom H, Lochner A. Role of melatonin in glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes from insulin-resistant Wistar rats. Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 28:362-369. [PMID: 28556852 PMCID: PMC5885054 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Melatonin supplementation reduces insulin resistance and protects the heart in obese rats. However, its role in myocardial glucose uptake remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of short-term melatonin treatment on glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes isolated from obese and insulin-resistant rats. Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated from obese rats fed a high-calorie diet for 16 to 23 weeks, their age-matched controls, as well as young control rats aged four to eight weeks. After incubation with melatonin with or without insulin, glucose uptake was initiated by the addition of 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose and measured after 30 minutes. Additional control and obese rats received melatonin in the drinking water (4 mg/kg/day) for the last six weeks of feeding (20 weeks) and glucose uptake was determined in isolated cardiomyocytes after incubation with insulin. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and biometric parameters were also measured. Results Obese rats (fed for more than 20 weeks) developed glucose intolerance. Cardiomyocytes isolated from these obese rats had a reduced response to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) (p < 0.05). Melatonin administration in vitro had no effect on glucose uptake per se. However, it increased ISGU by cardiomyocytes from the young rats (p < 0.05), while having no effect on ISGU by cardiomyocytes from the older control and obese groups. Melatonin in vivo had no significant effect on glucose tolerance, but it increased basal (p < 0.05) and ISGU by cardiomyocytes from the obese rats (50.1 ± 1.7 vs 32.1 ± 5.1 pmol/mg protein/30 min, p < 0.01). Conclusion These data suggest that short-term melatonin treatment in vivo but not in vitro improved glucose uptake and insulin responsiveness of cardiomyocytes in obesity and insulin-resistance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Nduhirabandi
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Biotechnology, Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Amanda Lochner
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Wongchitrat P, Klosen P, Pannengpetch S, Kitidee K, Govitrapong P, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C. High-fat diet-induced plasma protein and liver changes in obese rats can be attenuated by melatonin supplementation. Nutr Res 2017. [PMID: 28633871 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity triggers changes in protein expression in various organs that might participate in the pathogenesis of obesity. Melatonin has been reported to prevent or attenuate such pathological protein changes in several chronic diseases. However, such melatonin effects on plasma proteins have not yet been studied in an obesity model. Using a proteomic approach, we investigated the effect of melatonin on plasma protein profiles after rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. We hypothesized that melatonin would attenuate abnormal protein expression in obese rats. After 10weeks of the HFD, animals displayed increased body weight and fat accumulation as well as increased glucose levels, indicating an obesity-induced prediabetes mellitus-like state. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry revealed 12 proteins whose expression was altered in response to the HFD and the melatonin treatment. The altered proteins are related to the development of liver pathology, such as cirrhosis (α1-antiproteinase), thrombosis (fibrinogen, plasminogen), and inflammation (mannose-binding protein A, complement C4, complement factor B), contributing to liver steatosis or hepatic cell death. Melatonin treatment most probably reduced the severity of the HFD-induced obesity by reducing the amplitude of HFD-induced plasma protein changes. In conclusion, we identified several potential biomarkers associated with the progression of obesity and its complications, such as liver damage. Furthermore, our findings reveal melatonin's beneficial effect of attenuating plasma protein changes and liver pathogenesis in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Paul Klosen
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67084, France; Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Pannengpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kuntida Kitidee
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Rd, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
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Xu P, Wang J, Hong F, Wang S, Jin X, Xue T, Jia L, Zhai Y. Melatonin prevents obesity through modulation of gut microbiota in mice. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28199741 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excess weight and obesity are severe public health threats worldwide. Recent evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to obesity and its comorbidities. The body weight-reducing and energy balancing effects of melatonin have been reported in several studies, but to date, no investigations toward examining whether the beneficial effects of melatonin are associated with gut microbiota have been carried out. In this study, we show that melatonin reduces body weight, liver steatosis, and low-grade inflammation as well as improving insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that melatonin treatment significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota in mice fed an HFD. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota were notably decreased by melatonin. HFD feeding altered 69 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) compare with a normal chow diet (NCD) group, and melatonin supplementation reversed 14 OTUs to the same configuration than those present in the NCD group, thereby impacting various functions, in particular through its ability to decrease the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and increase the abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia, which is associated with healthy mucosa. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin may be used as a probiotic agent to reverse HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and help us to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the various melatonin beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Forrestel AC, Miedlich SU, Yurcheshen M, Wittlin SD, Sellix MT. Chronomedicine and type 2 diabetes: shining some light on melatonin. Diabetologia 2017; 60:808-822. [PMID: 27981356 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian timing system drives rhythms of physiology and behaviour, including the daily rhythms of feeding and activity. The timing system coordinates temporal variation in the biochemical landscape with changes in nutrient intake in order to optimise energy balance and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Circadian disruption (e.g. as a result of shift work or jet lag) can disturb this continuity and increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. Obesity and metabolic disease can also disturb the timing and amplitude of the clock in multiple organ systems, further exacerbating disease progression. As our understanding of the synergy between the timing system and metabolism has grown, an interest has emerged in the development of novel clock-targeting pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction. Recently, the pineal hormone melatonin has received some attention as a potential chronotherapeutic drug for metabolic disease. Melatonin is well known for its sleep-promoting effects and putative activity as a chronobiotic drug, stimulating coordination of biochemical oscillations through targeting the internal timing system. Melatonin affects the insulin secretory activity of the pancreatic beta cell, hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have lower night-time serum melatonin levels and increased risk of comorbid sleep disturbances compared with healthy individuals. Further, reduced melatonin levels, and mutations and/or genetic polymorphisms of the melatonin receptors are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Herein we review our understanding of molecular clock control of glucose homeostasis, detail the influence of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism in critical peripheral tissues, explore the contribution of melatonin signalling to the aetiology of type 2 diabetes, and discuss the pros and cons of melatonin chronopharmacotherapy in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Forrestel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Susanne U Miedlich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael Yurcheshen
- UR Medicine Sleep Center, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven D Wittlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael T Sellix
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Das N, Mandala A, Naaz S, Giri S, Jain M, Bandyopadhyay D, Reiter RJ, Roy SS. Melatonin protects against lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and inhibits stellate cell activation during hepatic fibrosis in mice. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28247434 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in consequence to mitochondrial fission followed by inflammation in propagating hepatic fibrosis. The interaction of SIRT1/Mitofusin2 is critical for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and functioning, which is disrupted upon excess lipid infiltration during the progression of steatohepatitis. The complex interplay between hepatic stellate cells and steatotic hepatocytes is critically regulated by extracellular factors including increased circulating free fatty acids during fibrogenesis. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against lipid-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation. Lipotoxicity induces disruption of SIRT1 and Mitofusin2 interaction leading to mitochondrial morphological disintegration in hepatocytes. Further, fragmented mitochondria leads to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and melatonin protects against all these lipotoxicity-mediated dysfunctions. These impaired mitochondrial dynamics also enhances the cellular glycolytic flux and reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate that potentiates ROS production. High glycolytic flux generates metabolically unfavorable milieu in hepatocytes leading to inflammation, which is abrogated by melatonin. The melatonin-mediated protection against mitochondrial dysfunction was also observed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice through restoration of enzymatic activities associated with respiratory chain and TCA cycle. Subsequently, melatonin reduces hepatic fat deposition and inflammation in HFD-fed mice. Thus, melatonin disrupts the interaction between steatotic hepatocyte and stellate cells, leading to the activation of the latter to abrogate collagen deposition. Altogether, the results of the current study document that the pharmacological intervention with low dose of melatonin could abrogate lipotoxicity-mediated hepatic stellate cell activation and prevent the fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashok Mandala
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Shamreen Naaz
- Department of Physiology, Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Suresh Giri
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Centre, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Gan RY, Xu DP, Li HB. Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Nutrients 2017; 9:E367. [PMID: 28387721 PMCID: PMC5409706 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a serious worldwide health threat, affecting nearly one third of the general population. Melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that eating melatonin-rich foods could assist sleep. During the last decades, melatonin has been widely identified and qualified in various foods from fungi to animals and plants. Eggs and fish are higher melatonin-containing food groups in animal foods, whereas in plant foods, nuts are with the highest content of melatonin. Some kinds of mushrooms, cereals and germinated legumes or seeds are also good dietary sources of melatonin. It has been proved that the melatonin concentration in human serum could significantly increase after the consumption of melatonin containing food. Furthermore, studies show that melatonin exhibits many bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory characteristics, boosting immunity, anticancer activity, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetic, anti-obese, neuroprotective and anti-aging activity. This review summaries the dietary sources and bioactivities of melatonin, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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