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Baka ZAM. Light and electron microscopy of the micromorphology and development of pycniospores and aeciospores of the sunflower rust, Puccinia helianthi. Micron 2025; 189:103733. [PMID: 39577143 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenic fungus Puccinia helianthi, which causes rust disease and significant economic loss, poses a serious threat to the Helianthus annuus crop. This study is the first to examine the ultrastructure of the spore stages of this rust, aiming to fill the gap in the understanding of Egyptian rusts. The present study aimed to explore the micromorphology and development of pycniospores and aeciospores of Puccinia helianthi on its host, using LM, SEM, and TEM. The immature pycnium grows subepidermally and is bordered by a peripheral layer of pseudoparenchymatous cells. Within the pycnium, uninuclear, compactly packed, and elongated pycniosporophores are formed. Pointed periphyses emerge at the highest point of the pycnium, where numerous pycniospores are produced. The primary pycniospores are then released from the pycniosporophores having an elliptical shape with a wrinkled surface. Aeciospores are produced at the edges of a distinct layer, the peridium with rhomboid-shaped peridial cells. A prosenchymatous stroma develops beneath the hymenium layer (aeciosporophores). Two main types of hyphae can distinguish in this stroma: vacuolated hyphae, at the base of the aecium, and non-vacuolated hyphae with dense, ribosome-rich cytoplasm, oil droplets, and glycogen. Each aeciospore divides to form a young aeciospore and an intercalary cell with elongated or hexagonal shapes and warts on the mature aeciospores. SEM examination reveals cog-like ornaments and refracting bodies on the surfaces of peridial cells and aeciospores. The ultrastructure of these two spore stages is more or less similar to that of other Puccinia species with some differences. The procedures used in this study will assist mycologists in rust identification, taxonomy, and microscopic characterization. In conclusion, this study will provide additional information to help understand the interaction between rusts and their hosts. Future research on ultracytochemical studies may provide insight into controlling these serious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria A M Baka
- Department of Botany and Microbiolog, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, P. O. Box 34517, New Damietta, Egypt.
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2
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Yang F, Matthew C, Pu X, Li X, Nan Z. Patterns of foliar fungal diseases and the effects on aboveground biomass in alpine meadow under simulated climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 955:177026. [PMID: 39454798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands/Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Cory Matthew
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Pu
- Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands/Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
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3
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Na D, Choi YJ, Shin HD. Taxonomy and phylogeny of three rust fungi parasitic on Vitaceae in Korea, with Neophysopella viticola sp. nov. on Vitis vinifera. Fungal Syst Evol 2024; 14:127-138. [PMID: 39830289 PMCID: PMC11736255 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Rust fungi are important pathogens of trees, ornamental plants, and food crops. Field research targeting rust diseases across Korea uncovered three distinct species of Neophysopella, affecting different members of the family Vitaceae. In our examination of both wild and cultivated grapevine (Vitis) species, including V. amurensis, V. coignetiae, and V. vinifera, we found N. meliosmaemyrianthae as well as a previously undescribed rust species, which we describe here as N. viticola sp. nov. Neophysopella ampelopsidis, which was previously identified as a rust pathogen of Vitis spp., has been observed to specifically infect Ampelopsis brevipedunculata. Through molecular sequence analysis of the ITS, LSU rDNA, and cox3 mtDNA regions, we determined the phylogenetic placements of these three species. Our morphological studies revealed the distinguishing features of N. viticola, particularly its unique teliospore layer and urediniospore dimensions. The emergence of N. viticola on economically valuable grapevines raises concerns about potential agricultural losses, highlighting the urgency for developing specialized management approaches in viticulture. Citation: Na DH, Choi Y-J, Shin H-D (2024). Taxonomy and phylogeny of three rust fungi parasitic on Vitaceae in Korea, with Neophysopella viticola sp. nov. on Vitis vinifera. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 127-138. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.H. Na
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Y.-J. Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Agrobioengineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - H.-D. Shin
- Center for Convergent Agrobioengineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
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4
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Choi YJ, Lee KS, Oh JW. Inverse Trend Between Tree Pollen and Fungal Concentrations With Allergic Sensitization Rates in Seoul for 25 Years. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:571-584. [PMID: 39622683 PMCID: PMC11621478 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.6.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/08/2024]
Abstract
A growing number of individuals are developing allergic diseases due to pollen exposure. Seasonal variations and increased pollen concentrations have occurred with the increased rates of allergic sensitization among both children and adults. Temperature significantly influences pollination, particularly in spring- and early summer-flowering plants, with weather conditions affecting pollen allergen levels. Human activities, including agriculture and deforestation, increase carbon emissions, leading to higher atmospheric CO₂ levels that may enhance allergenic plant productivity. Climate change affects the range of allergenic plant species and length of pollen season. Studies indicate that higher CO₂ and temperature levels are linked to increased pollen concentrations and allergenicity, whereas atmospheric fungal concentrations have declined annually over the past 25 years. Despite more intense precipitation in summer and autumn, the number of rainy days has decreased across all seasons. This concentration of rainfall over shorter periods likely prolongs the dry season and shortens the period of fungal sporulation. Future climate changes, including atmospheric dryness, drought, and desertification could further decrease allergenic fungal sporulation. It remains unclear whether the inverse relationship between pollen and fungal concentrations and distributions directly results from climate change. It is crucial to evaluate the patterns of aeroallergens and their associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Choi
- Division of Allergy, Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Lee
- Division of Allergy, Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Oh
- Division of Allergy, Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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5
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Zhang J, Tsui CKM, You C. Species Diversity, Host Association, and Evolutionary History of Cronartium: An Important Global Fungal Pathogen to Trees. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70545. [PMID: 39530026 PMCID: PMC11551067 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pine stem rust, the most damaging and widespread forest disease occurring in pine trees in the Northern Hemisphere, is primarily caused by Cronartium species (Pucciniales, Melampsorineae). While the phylogenetic relationships of major Cronartium species have been largely elucidated, there is limited understanding of their species diversity and the evolutionary processes shaping their distribution patterns. In this work, we performed broad sampling and sequencing of Cronartium taxa in China together with additional sequence data and other accessions in NCBI to investigate the diversification and to estimate the divergence time of major evolutionary events in this genus. Molecular dating analysis suggested that the divergence of the genus Cronartium probably was around 91.78 Ma during the Upper Cretaceous. It is believed that Cronartium species may have originated in Asia and North America, with intercontinental dispersals occurring primarily during the Middle Eocene, Middle Miocene, and Pliocene. These dispersal events likely took place through the North Atlantic Land Bridge, the De Geer Route, and the Bering Land Bridge, and subsequently diverged through sporadic dispersal and vicariance events. Furthermore, our analysis of host associations revealed that the diversification of Cronartium species was correlated with their telial-hosts, and some species may have experienced host jump events, indicating a complex interplay between host specificity and pathogen-host interaction during Cronartium evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Clement K. M. Tsui
- Infectious Disease Research LaboratoryNational Center for Infectious DiseasesSingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Chongjuan You
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Bradley JM, Bunsick M, Ly G, Aquino B, Wang FZ, Holbrook-Smith D, Suginoo S, Bradizza D, Kato N, As'sadiq O, Marsh N, Osada H, Boyer FD, McErlean CSP, Tsuchiya Y, Subramaniam R, Bonetta D, McCourt P, Lumba S. Modulation of fungal phosphate homeostasis by the plant hormone strigolactone. Mol Cell 2024; 84:4031-4047.e11. [PMID: 39357514 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Inter-kingdom communication through small molecules is essential to the coexistence of organisms in an ecosystem. In soil communities, the plant root is a nexus of interactions for a remarkable number of fungi and is a source of small-molecule plant hormones that shape fungal compositions. Although hormone signaling pathways are established in plants, how fungi perceive and respond to molecules is unclear because many plant-associated fungi are recalcitrant to experimentation. Here, we develop an approach using the model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to elucidate mechanisms of fungal response to plant hormones. Two plant hormones, strigolactone and methyl jasmonate, produce unique transcript profiles in yeast, affecting phosphate and sugar metabolism, respectively. Genetic analysis in combination with structural studies suggests that SLs require the high-affinity transporter Pho84 to modulate phosphate homeostasis. The ability to study small-molecule plant hormones in a tractable genetic system should have utility in understanding fungal-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Bradley
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Michael Bunsick
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - George Ly
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Bruno Aquino
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Flora Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | | | - Shingo Suginoo
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Dylan Bradizza
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Naoki Kato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Omar As'sadiq
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nina Marsh
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Dario Bonetta
- Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Peter McCourt
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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7
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Tsegaye Y, Chala A, Rezene Y. Destructive fungal disease survey of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) in Southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23642. [PMID: 39384838 PMCID: PMC11464521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is important legume crop world-wide and in Ethiopia for its multipurpose uses. Common bean rust, is the most destructive fungal disease that severely reduces bean yield. For years, rust appeared in a farmer's field in Southern Ethiopia; however, the disease's significance remains unclear. The research aimed to ascertain the distribution and intensity of common bean rust, as well as elucidate the association of biophysical parameters. The field survey was conducted in southern Ethiopia in 2022. Ninety percent of the 78 commonbean fields were affected by common bean rust. Mareko, Meskan, Duguna Fango, Damot Woide, and Demba Gofa had 100% of the fields affected, and Boricha had 90%. Damot Woide and Lanfuro had the highest and lowest mean rust incidence rates, respectively, 59.2% and 22.5%. Duguna Fango had the highest rust severity (35.5%), while Lanfuro had the lowest (13.5%). In the research areas, the biophysical factors, either alone or in combination, have a significant impact on the intensity of common bean rust. The current investigation verified the distributionand the association biophysical factors with common bean rust. In addition, the survey of the disease and the identification of factors should continue over time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alemayehu Chala
- College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Yayis Rezene
- Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Mulugeta T, Abate A, Tadesse W, Bezabih Woldeyohannes A, Tefera N, Shiferaw W, Tiruneh A. Multivariate analysis of phenotypic diversity elite bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes from ICARDA in Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36062. [PMID: 39229510 PMCID: PMC11369510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat is an important crop for food security, providing a source of protein and energy for the growing population in Ethiopia. However, both biotic and abiotic factors limit national wheat productivity. The availability of genetically diverse wheat genotypes is crucial for developing new wheat varieties that are both high-yielding and resilient to stress. Therefore, this field trial aimed to assess phenotypic variation and relationship among ICARDA-derived bread wheat genotypes using multivariate analysis techniques. The trial was conducted at three locations: Enewari, Wogere, and Kulumsa using an alpha lattice design with two replications during the main cropping seasons of 2022 and 2023. Phenotypic data on eight agronomic traits and the severity of yellow rust were collected and R programming was used for data analysis. Individual and combined location data analysis of variance showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among genotypes for most of the studied traits. The highest heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean were observed in days to heading (90.8, 21.29), plant height (72.4, 28.6), seeds per spike (61.7, 28), thousand kernel weight (61.9, 12), and area under the disease progress curve (67, 39.8), suggesting a predominance of additive gene action. Grain yield showed a strong positive correlation with days to maturity, plant height, spike length, spikelet per spike, and thousand kernel weight for each location. Dendrogram and phylogenetic tree methods were used to group genotypes into four genetically distinct clusters. Cluster II and III had the greatest inter-cluster distance, indicating higher diversity among their genotypes. This study identified new candidate genotypes with superior agronomic performance, high grain yield traits, and robust resistance to yellow rust, making them valuable for both current and future wheat breeding programs. Additionally, the comprehensive dataset produced in this study could facilitate the identification of genetic variations influencing desirable traits through genome-wide association analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Mulugeta
- Plant Breeding Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Abate
- Department of Plant Sciences, Bahirdar University, Bahirdar, Ethiopia
| | - Wuletaw Tadesse
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Neway Tefera
- Plant Breeding Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwosen Shiferaw
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Altaye Tiruneh
- Plant Breeding Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
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9
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Chen W, Newlands N, Hambleton S, Laroche A, Davoodi SM, Bakkeren G. Optimizing an integrated biovigilance toolbox to study the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of airborne mycobiota, with a focus on cereal rust fungi in western Canada. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13983. [PMID: 38840549 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In the face of evolving agricultural practices and climate change, tools towards an integrated biovigilance platform to combat crop diseases, spore sampling, DNA diagnostics and predictive trajectory modelling were optimized. These tools revealed microbial dynamics and were validated by monitoring cereal rust fungal pathogens affecting wheat, oats, barley and rye across four growing seasons (2015-2018) in British Columbia and during the 2018 season in southern Alberta. ITS2 metabarcoding revealed disparity in aeromycobiota diversity and compositional structure across the Canadian Rocky Mountains, suggesting a barrier effect on air flow and pathogen dispersal. A novel bioinformatics classifier and curated cereal rust fungal ITS2 database, corroborated by real-time PCR, enhanced the precision of cereal rust fungal species identification. Random Forest modelling identified crop and land-use diversification as well as atmospheric pressure and moisture as key factors in rust distribution. As a valuable addition to explain observed differences and patterns in rust fungus distribution, trajectory HYSPLIT modelling tracked rust fungal urediniospores' northeastward dispersal from the Pacific Northwest towards southern British Columbia and Alberta, indicating multiple potential origins. Our Canadian case study exemplifies the power of an advanced biovigilance toolbox towards developing an early-warning system for farmers to detect and mitigate impending disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Newlands
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Hambleton
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - André Laroche
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Guus Bakkeren
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
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Zhao L, Lu Y, Zhang X, Zhao W, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang G, Fritz AK, Fellers J, Guttieri M, Jordan KW, Bai G. Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust Resistance from CI 13227 in Three Winter Wheat Populations. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1869-1877. [PMID: 38829930 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-24-0108-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Leaf rust is a widespread foliar wheat disease causing substantial yield losses worldwide. Slow rusting is "adult plant" resistance that significantly slows epidemic development and thereby reduces yield loss. Wheat accession CI 13227 was previously characterized as having slow-rusting resistance. To validate the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and develop diagnostic markers for slow rusting resistance in CI 13227, a new population of recombinant inbred lines of CI 13227 × Everest was evaluated for latent period, final severity, area under the disease progress curve, and infection type in greenhouses and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing. Four QTLs were identified on chromosome arms 2BL, 2DS, 3BS, and 7BL, explaining 6.82 to 28.45% of the phenotypic variance for these traits. Seven kompetitive allele-specific polymorphism markers previously reported to be linked to the QTLs in two other CI 13227 populations were validated. In addition, the previously reported QLr.hwwg-7AL was remapped to 2BL (renamed QLr.hwwg-2BL) after adding new markers in this study. Phenotypic data showed that the recombinant inbred lines harboring two or three of the QTLs had a significantly longer latent period. QLr.hwwg-2DS on 2DS showed a major effect on all rust resistance traits and was finely mapped to a 2.7-Mb interval by two newly developed flanking markers from exome capture. Three disease-resistance genes and two transporter genes were identified as the putative candidates for QLr.hwwg-2DS. The validated QTLs can be used as slow-rusting resistance resources, and the markers developed in this study will be useful for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfei Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
- National and Shandong Province Key Laboratories of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
- College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaocun Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
- National and Shandong Province Key Laboratories of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
- National and Shandong Province Key Laboratories of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Peanut, and Other Field Crop Research Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075, U.S.A
| | - Hongliang Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Allan K Fritz
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - John Fellers
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Mary Guttieri
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Katherine W Jordan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
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11
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Jin Y, Feng G, Luo J, Yan H, Sun M, Jing T, Yang Y, Jia J, Zhu X, Wang X, Zhang X, Huang L. Combined Genome-Wide Association Study and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Candidate Genes for Resistance to Rust ( Puccinia graminis) in Dactylis glomerata. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2197-2205. [PMID: 38956749 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-24-0360-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Rust disease is a common plant disease that can cause wilting, slow growth of plant leaves, and even affect the growth and development of plants. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is native to temperate regions of Europe, which has been introduced as a superior forage grass in temperate regions worldwide. Orchardgrass has rich genetic diversity and is widely distributed in the world, which may contain rust resistance genes not found in other crops. Therefore, we collected a total of 333 orchardgrass accessions from different regions around the world. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis conducted in four different environments, 91 genes that overlap or are adjacent to significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as potential rust disease resistance genes. Combining transcriptome data from susceptible (PI292589) and resistant (PI251814) accessions, the GWAS candidate gene DG5C04160.1 encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST) was found to be important for orchardgrass rust (Puccinia graminis) resistance. Interestingly, by comparing the number of GST gene family members in seven species, it was found that orchardgrass has the most GST gene family members, containing 119 GST genes. Among them, 23 GST genes showed significant differential expression after inoculation with the rust pathogen in resistant and susceptible accessions; 82% of the genes still showed significantly increased expression 14 days after inoculation in resistant accessions, while the expression level significantly decreased in susceptible accessions. These results indicate that GST genes play an important role in orchardgrass resistance to rust (P. graminis) stress by encoding GST to reduce its oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Jin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinchan Luo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haidong Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Min Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiyuan Jia
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Xu X, Li G, Bai G, Bian R, Bernardo A, Kolmer J, Carver BF, Wolabu TW, Wu Y. Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust Resistance in the Uzbekistani Wheat Landrace Teremai Bugdai. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1373-1379. [PMID: 38281142 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-23-0320-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is a major cause of wheat yield losses globally, and novel leaf rust resistance genes are needed to enhance wheat leaf rust resistance. Teremai Bugdai is a landrace from Uzebekistan that is highly resistant to many races of P. triticina in the United States. To unravel leaf rust resistance loci in Teremai Bugdai, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Teremai Bugdai × TAM 110 was evaluated for response to P. triticina race Pt54-1 (TNBGJ) and genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using 5,130 high-quality GBS-SNPs revealed three QTLs, QLr-Stars-2DS, QLr-Stars-6BL, and QLr.Stars-7BL, for leaf rust resistance in two experiments. QLr-Stars-2DS, which is either a new Lr2 allele or a new resistance locus, was delimited to an ∼19.47-Mb interval between 46.4 and 65.9 Mb on 2DS and explained 31.3 and 33.2% of the phenotypic variance in the two experiments. QLr-Stars-6BL was mapped in an ∼84.0-kb interval between 719.48 and 719.56 Mb on 6BL, accounting for 33 to 36.8% of the phenotypic variance in two experiments. QLr.Stars-7BL was placed in a 350-kb interval between 762.41 and 762.76 Mb on 7BL and explained 4.4 to 5.3% of the phenotypic variance. Nine GBS-SNPs flanking these QTLs were converted to kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, and these markers can be used to facilitate their introgression into locally adapted wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peanut and Small Grains Research Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075
| | - Genqiao Li
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peanut and Small Grains Research Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075
| | - Guihua Bai
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Ruolin Bian
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Amy Bernardo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Jim Kolmer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Brett F Carver
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74075
| | - Tezera W Wolabu
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74075
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74075
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Lee JS, Park JH, Choi YJ, Shin HD. Emergence and Potential Spread of Rust Disease on Wisteria floribunda and Corydalis incisa Influenced by Climate Change in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2024; 52:160-171. [PMID: 38948454 PMCID: PMC11210414 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2024.2350836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change influences the emergence, spread, and severity of rust diseases that affect crops and forests. In Korea, the rust diseases that affect Wisteria floribunda and its alternate host Corydalis incisa are rapidly spreading northwards. Through morphological, molecular, phylogenetic, and pathogenicity approaches, Neophysopella kraunhiae was identified as the causal agent, alternating between the two host plants to complete its life cycle. Using the maximum entropy model (Maxent) under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), the results of this study suggest that by the 2050s, C. incisa is likely to extend its range into central Korea owing to climate shifts, whereas the distribution of W. floribunda is expected to remain unchanged nationwide. The generalized additive model revealed a significant positive correlation between the presence of C. incisa and the incidence of rust disease, highlighting the role that climate-driven expansion of this alternate host plays in the spread of N. kraunhiae. These findings highlight the profound influence of climate change on both the distribution of a specific plant and the disease a rust fungus causes, raising concerns about the potential emergence and spread of other rust pathogens with similar host dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Forestry, Environment, and Systems, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
- Center for Convergent Agrobioengineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Dong Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee JS, Kakishima M, Park JH, Shin HD, Choi YJ. Unraveling the Life Cycle of Nyssopsora cedrelae: A Study of Rust Diseases on Aralia elata and Toona sinensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:239. [PMID: 38667910 PMCID: PMC11051367 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rust disease poses a major threat to global agriculture and forestry. It is caused by types of Pucciniales, which often require alternate hosts for their life cycles. Nyssopsora cedrelae was previously identified as a rust pathogen on Toona sinensis in East and Southeast Asia. Although this species had been reported to be autoecious, completing its life cycle solely on T. sinensis, we hypothesized that it has a heteroecious life cycle, requiring an alternate host, since the spermogonial and aecial stages on Aralia elata, a plant native to East Asia, are frequently observed around the same area where N. cedrelae causes rust disease on T. sinensis. Upon collecting rust samples from both A. elata and T. sinensis, we confirmed that the rust species from both tree species exhibited matching internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) rDNA, and cytochrome oxidase subunit III (CO3) mtDNA sequences. Through cross-inoculations, we verified that aeciospores from A. elata produced a uredinial stage on T. sinensis. This study is the first report to clarify A. elata as an alternate host for N. cedrelae, thus providing initial evidence that the Nyssopsora species exhibits a heteroecious life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea;
| | - Makoto Kakishima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Forestry, Environment and Systems, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeon-Dong Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Joon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea;
- Center for Convergent Agrobioengineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
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Poma-Angamarca RA, Rojas JR, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Ruiz-González MX. Diversity of Leaf Fungal Endophytes from Two Coffea arabica Varieties and Antagonism towards Coffee Leaf Rust. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:814. [PMID: 38592839 PMCID: PMC11154406 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Coffee has immense value as a worldwide-appreciated commodity. However, its production faces the effects of climate change and the spread of severe diseases such as coffee leaf rust (CLR). The exploration of fungal endophytes associated with Coffea sp. has already found the existence of nearly 600 fungal species, but their role in the plants remains practically unknown. We have researched the diversity of leaf fungal endophytes in two Coffea arabica varieties: one susceptible and one resistant to CLR. Then, we conducted cross-infection essays with four common endophyte species (three Colletotrichum sp. and Xylaria sp. 1) and Hemileia vastatrix (CLR) in leaf discs, to investigate the interaction of the endophytes on CLR colonisation success and severity of infection. Two Colletotrichum sp., when inoculated 72 h before H. vastatrix, prevented the colonisation of the leaf disc by the latter. Moreover, the presence of endophytes prior to the arrival of H. vastatrix ameliorated the severity of CLR. Our work highlights both the importance of characterising the hidden biodiversity of endophytes and investigating their potential roles in the plant-endophyte interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Poma-Angamarca
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (R.A.P.-A.); (J.R.R.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Jacqueline R. Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (R.A.P.-A.); (J.R.R.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Aminael Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (R.A.P.-A.); (J.R.R.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Mario X. Ruiz-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (R.A.P.-A.); (J.R.R.); (A.S.-R.)
- SENESCYT is the Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación from the Government of Ecuador, Proyecto Prometeo SENESCYT, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
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Kaishian P, Layug CRK, Anderson M, Berg DR, Aime MC. Rust HUBB: DNA barcode-based identification of Pucciniales. IMA Fungus 2024; 15:3. [PMID: 38402196 PMCID: PMC10894486 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-023-00132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are a species-rich (ca. 8000 species), globally distributed order of obligate plant pathogens. Rust species are host-specific, and as a group they cause disease on many of our most economically and/or ecologically significant plants. As such, the ability to accurately and rapidly identify these fungi is of particular interest to mycologists, botanists, agricultural scientists, farmers, quarantine officials, and associated stakeholders. However, the complexities of the rust life cycle, which may include production of up to five different spore types and alternation between two unrelated host species, have made standard identifications, especially of less-documented spore states or alternate hosts, extremely difficult. The Arthur Fungarium (PUR) at Purdue University is home to one of the most comprehensive collections of rust fungi in the world. Using material vouchered in PUR supplemented with fresh collections we generated DNA barcodes of the 28S ribosomal repeat from > 3700 rust fungal specimens. Barcoded material spans 120 genera and > 1100 species, most represented by several replicate sequences. Barcodes and associated metadata are hosted in a publicly accessible, BLAST searchable database called Rust HUBB (Herbarium-based Universal Barcode Blast) and will be continuously updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kaishian
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- New York State Museum, 3140 Cultural Education Center, Albany, NY, 12230, USA
| | - Christopher R K Layug
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mark Anderson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Diane R Berg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - M Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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De-la-Cruz IM, Oyama K, Núñez-Farfán J. The chromosome-scale genome and the genetic resistance machinery against insect herbivores of the Mexican toloache, Datura stramonium. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkad288. [PMID: 38113048 PMCID: PMC10849327 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance refers to the heritable ability of plants to reduce damage caused by natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, either through constitutive or induced traits like chemical compounds or trichomes. However, the genetic architecture-the number and genome location of genes that affect plant defense and the magnitude of their effects-of plant resistance to arthropod herbivores in natural populations remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to unveil the genetic architecture of plant resistance to insect herbivores in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) through quantitative trait loci mapping. We achieved this by assembling the species' genome and constructing a linkage map using an F2 progeny transplanted into natural habitats. Furthermore, we conducted differential gene expression analysis between undamaged and damaged plants caused by the primary folivore, Lema daturaphila larvae. Our genome assembly resulted in 6,109 scaffolds distributed across 12 haploid chromosomes. A single quantitative trait loci region on chromosome 3 was associated with plant resistance, spanning 0 to 5.17 cM. The explained variance by the quantitative trait loci was 8.44%. Our findings imply that the resistance mechanisms of D. stramonium are shaped by the complex interplay of multiple genes with minor effects. Protein-protein interaction networks involving genes within the quantitative trait loci region and overexpressed genes uncovered the key role of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases in signaling and regulating tropane alkaloids and terpenoids, which serve as powerful chemical defenses against D. stramonium herbivores. The data generated in our study constitute important resources for delving into the evolution and ecology of secondary compounds mediating plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán 8701, Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Mashaheet AM, Burkey KO, Marshall DS. The interaction of O 3 and CO 2 concentration, exposure timing and duration on stem rust severity on winter wheat variety 'Coker 9553'. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122122. [PMID: 37399937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Wheat rusts, elevated ozone (O3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are simultaneously impacting wheat production worldwide, but their interactions are not well understood. This study investigated whether near-ambient O3 is suppressive or conducive to stem rust (Sr) of wheat, considering the interactions with ambient and elevated CO2. Winter wheat variety 'Coker 9553' (Sr-susceptible; O3 sensitive) was inoculated with Sr (race QFCSC) following pre-treatment with four different concentrations of O3 (CF, 50, 70, and 90 ppbv) at ambient CO2 levels. Gas treatments were continued during the development of disease symptoms. Disease severity, measured as percent sporulation area (PSA), significantly increased relative to the CF control only under near-ambient O3 conditions (50 ppbv) in the absence of O3-induced foliar injury. Disease symptoms at higher O3 exposures (70 and 90 ppbv) were similar to or less than the CF control. When Coker 9553 was inoculated with Sr while exposed to CO2 (400; 570 ppmv) and O3 (CF; 50 ppbv) in four different combinations, and seven combinations of exposure timing and duration, PSA significantly increased only under continuous treatment with O3 for six weeks or pre-inoculation treatment for three weeks, suggesting that O3-predisposes wheat to the disease rather than enhancing disease post-inoculation. O3 singly and in combination with CO2 increased PSA on flag leaves of adult Coker 9553 plants while elevated CO2 alone had little effect on PSA. These findings show that sub-symptomatic O3 conditions are conducive to stem rust, contradicting the current consensus that biotrophic pathogens are suppressed by elevated O3. This suggests that sub-symptomatic O3 stress may enhance rust diseases in wheat-growing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsayed M Mashaheet
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Kent O Burkey
- USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Tian Z, Li W, Kou Y, Dong X, Liu H, Yang X, Dong Q, Chen T. Effects of Different Livestock Grazing on Foliar Fungal Diseases in an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:949. [PMID: 37755057 PMCID: PMC10533196 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In grassland ecosystems, the occurrence and transmission of foliar fungal diseases are largely dependent on grazing by large herbivores. However, whether herbivores that have different body sizes differentially impact foliar fungal diseases remains largely unexplored. Thus, we conducted an 8-year grazing experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China and tested how different types of livestock (sheep (Ovis aries), yak (Bos grunniens), or both)) affected foliar fungal diseases at the levels of both plant population and community. At the population level, grazing by a single species (yak or sheep) or mixed species (sheep and yak) significantly decreased the severity of eight leaf spot diseases. Similarly, at the community level, both single species (yak or sheep) and mixed grazing by both sheep and yak significantly decreased the community pathogen load. However, we did not find a significant difference in the community pathogen load among different types of livestock. These results suggest that grazing by large herbivores, independently of livestock type, consistently decreased the prevalence of foliar fungal diseases at both the plant population and community levels. We suggest that moderate grazing by sheep or yak is effective to control the occurrence of foliar fungal diseases in alpine grasslands. This study advances our knowledge of the interface between disease ecology, large herbivores, and grassland science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Yixin Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Huining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.D.)
| | - Quanmin Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.D.)
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
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Osuna-Caballero S, Olivoto T, Jiménez-Vaquero MA, Rubiales D, Rispail N. RGB image-based method for phenotyping rust disease progress in pea leaves using R. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:86. [PMID: 37605206 PMCID: PMC10440949 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rust is a damaging disease affecting vital crops, including pea, and identifying highly resistant genotypes remains a challenge. Accurate measurement of infection levels in large germplasm collections is crucial for finding new resistance sources. Current evaluation methods rely on visual estimation of disease severity and infection type under field or controlled conditions. While they identify some resistance sources, they are error-prone and time-consuming. An image analysis system proves useful, providing an easy-to-use and affordable way to quickly count and measure rust-induced pustules on pea samples. This study aimed to develop an automated image analysis pipeline for accurately calculating rust disease progression parameters under controlled conditions, ensuring reliable data collection. RESULTS A highly efficient and automatic image-based method for assessing rust disease in pea leaves was developed using R. The method's optimization and validation involved testing different segmentation indices and image resolutions on 600 pea leaflets with rust symptoms. The approach allows automatic estimation of parameters like pustule number, pustule size, leaf area, and percentage of pustule coverage. It reconstructs time series data for each leaf and integrates daily estimates into disease progression parameters, including latency period and area under the disease progression curve. Significant variation in disease responses was observed between genotypes using both visual ratings and image-based analysis. Among assessed segmentation indices, the Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI) proved fastest, analysing 600 leaflets at 60% resolution in 62 s with parallel processing. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between image-based and visual pustule counting showed over 0.98 accuracy at full resolution. While lower resolution slightly reduced accuracy, differences were statistically insignificant for most disease progression parameters, significantly reducing processing time and storage space. NGRDI was optimal at all time points, providing highly accurate estimations with minimal accumulated error. CONCLUSIONS A new image-based method for monitoring pea rust disease in detached leaves, using RGB spectral indices segmentation and pixel value thresholding, improves resolution and precision. It rapidly analyses hundreds of images with accuracy comparable to visual methods and higher than other image-based approaches. This method evaluates rust progression in pea, eliminating rater-induced errors from traditional methods. Implementing this approach to evaluate large germplasm collections will improve our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and aid future breeding for novel pea cultivars with increased rust resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Olivoto
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-000, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nicolas Rispail
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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Park J, Moon SC, Kim KW. Light and scanning electron microscopy of aecia and aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus koraiensis branch tissues. Micron 2023; 169:103447. [PMID: 36966645 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Morphological characteristics of aecia and aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus koraiensis branch tissues were investigated using light and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Mature P. koraiensis trees in Jeongseon, Korea, showed yellowish aecia on stems and branches. Aecia and surrounding tissues were excised from the lesions and vapor-fixed for FESEM imaging, which revealed morphology including intact blister-shaped, flattened, and burst forms. Light microscopy revealed yellowish aeciospores having surface projections. Aeciospores were mostly ovoid and measured approximately 20 µm long. The FESEM showed irregularly shaped cracks on the aecia that had erupted through the bark of P. koraiensis. Some aeciospores had germinated, producing two germ tubes from a spore in a burst aecium. Aeciospores had both smooth and verrucose regions on the surface, and some had concave or convex regions. Aeciospore layers and underlying fungal matrices including aecial columns were obvious in the cross-sections of aecia. Approximately 1 µm-high wart-like surface projections could be resolved and comprised less than 10 angular platelets stacked in vertical rows. Remains of the primary spore wall were present between surface projections. These results provide insights into the morphology of the heteroecious rust fungus with the help of vapor fixation and high-resolution surface imaging.
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Avasthi S, Gautam AK, Niranjan M, Verma RK, Karunarathna SC, Kumar A, Suwannarach N. Insights into Diversity, Distribution, and Systematics of Rust Genus Puccinia. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:639. [PMID: 37367575 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Puccinia, which comprises 4000 species, is the largest genus of rust fungi and one of the destructive plant pathogenic rust genera that are reported to infect both agricultural and nonagricultural plants with severe illnesses. The presence of bi-celled teliospores is one of the major features of these rust fungi that differentiated them from Uromyces, which is another largest genus of rust fungi. In the present study, an overview of the current knowledge on the general taxonomy and ecology of the rust genus Puccinia is presented. The status of the molecular identification of this genus along with updated species numbers and their current statuses in the 21st century are also presented, in addition to their threats to both agricultural and nonagricultural plants. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and LSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and the published literature was performed to examine the intergeneric relationships of Puccinia. The obtained results revealed the worldwide distribution of Puccinia. Compared with other nations, a reasonable increase in research publications over the current century was demonstrated in Asian countries. The plant families Asteraceae and Poaceae were observed as the most infected in the 21st century. The phylogenetic studies of the LSU and ITS sequence data revealed the polyphyletic nature of Puccinia. In addition, the presences of too short, too lengthy, and incomplete sequences in the NCBI database demonstrate the need for extensive DNA-based analyses for a better understanding of the taxonomic placement of Puccinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Avasthi
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gautam
- School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi 175028, India
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, India
| | - Mekala Niranjan
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Itanagar 791112, India
- Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet 605014, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Verma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Samantha C Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, India
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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23
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Padilla-Roji I, Ruiz-Jiménez L, Bakhat N, Vielba-Fernández A, Pérez-García A, Fernández-Ortuño D. RNAi Technology: A New Path for the Research and Management of Obligate Biotrophic Phytopathogenic Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109082. [PMID: 37240427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew and rust fungi are major agricultural problems affecting many economically important crops and causing significant yield losses. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that are completely dependent on their hosts for growth and reproduction. Biotrophy in these fungi is determined by the presence of haustoria, specialized fungal cells that are responsible for nutrient uptake and molecular dialogue with the host, a fact that undoubtedly complicates their study under laboratory conditions, especially in terms of genetic manipulation. RNA interference (RNAi) is the biological process of suppressing the expression of a target gene through double-stranded RNA that induces mRNA degradation. RNAi technology has revolutionized the study of these obligate biotrophic fungi by enabling the analysis of gene function in these fungal. More importantly, RNAi technology has opened new perspectives for the management of powdery mildew and rust diseases, first through the stable expression of RNAi constructs in transgenic plants and, more recently, through the non-transgenic approach called spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). In this review, the impact of RNAi technology on the research and management of powdery mildew and rust fungi will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Padilla-Roji
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nisrine Bakhat
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandra Vielba-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Fernández-Ortuño
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
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24
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Tao S, Yin H, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Qu L. Elevated O 3 concentrations alter the compartment-specific microbial communities inhabiting rust-infected poplars. Environ Microbiol 2022; 25:990-1006. [PMID: 36582119 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevated ozone (O3 ) can affect the susceptivity of plants to rust pathogens. However, the collective role of microbiomes involved in such interaction remains largely elusive. We exposed two cultivated poplar clones exhibiting differential O3 sensitivities, to non-filtered ambient air (NF), NF + 40 ppb or NF + 60 ppb O3 -enriched air in field open-top chambers and then inoculated Melampsora larici-populina urediniospores to study their response to rust infection and to investigate how microbiomes inhabiting four compartments (phyllosphere, rhizosphere, root endosphere, bulk soil) are involved in this response. We found that hosts with higher O3 sensitivity had significantly lower rust severity than hosts with lower sensitivity. Furthermore, the effect of increased O3 on the diversity and composition of microbial communities was highly dependent on poplar compartments, with the microbial network complexity patterns being completely opposite between the two clones. Notably, microbial source analysis estimated that phyllosphere fungal communities predominately derived from root endosphere and vice versa, suggesting a potential transmission mechanism between plant above- and below-ground systems. These promising results suggest that further investigations are needed to better understand the interactions of abiotic and biotic stresses on plant performance and the role of the microbiome in driving these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyue Yin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Fang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, People's Republic of China
| | - Laiye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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25
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Daba G, Berecha G, Lievens B, Hundera K, Helsen K, Honnay O. Contrasting coffee leaf rust epidemics between forest coffee and semi-forest coffee agroforestry systems in SW-Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11892. [PMID: 36506396 PMCID: PMC9730127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethiopian Arabica coffee is produced in different agroforestry systems which differ in forest management intensity. In forest coffee systems (FC), coffee shrubs grow naturally in the understory of Afromontane forests with little human intervention, whereas in semi-forest coffee systems (SFC) thinning of the canopy and removal of the understory is applied. Coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease is a growing concern for coffee agroforestry, but to what extent infection pressure is affected by management intensity is poorly known. Here we assessed CLR infection through time across FC and SFC systems in SW-Ethiopia. CLR infection was significantly higher for SFC, with a gradual reduction of this difference during the beginning of dry season (November) through main rainy season of (July). Our findings also demonstrated that CLR infections were significantly lower in the FC system as compared to SFC system in both years 2015/16 and 2020/21. The higher CLR infection was partly explained by lower crown cover and higher human impact. We expect that reduced wind speed and droplet penetration under closed canopies and reduced human-facilitated spore dispersal are the dominating mechanisms behind lower CLR infection in FC systems, yet lower coffee density in FC may also play a role. Overall, our results indicate that although higher management intensity still generally results in higher total yields per hectare, proportionally larger losses due to CLR infection can be expected. Therefore, introducing more coffee genetic diversity, screening resistant coffee varieties and increasing canopy cover in the SFC will mitigate the CLR disease pressure and guarantee the sustainability of higher yields of the system in the future. Also, lower yields in the FC will be rewarded through providing price premiums so that farmers instantly get a higher price for their lower yield, guaranteeing livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerba Daba
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium,College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
| | - Gezahegn Berecha
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, Fortsesteenweg 30A, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Kitessa Hundera
- Department of Biology, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kenny Helsen
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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26
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Tao S, Zhang Y, Tian C, Duplessis S, Zhang N. Elevated Ozone Concentration and Nitrogen Addition Increase Poplar Rust Severity by Shifting the Phyllosphere Microbial Community. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050523. [PMID: 35628778 PMCID: PMC9148057 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone and nitrogen deposition are two major environmental pollutants. A great deal of research has focused on the negative impacts of elevated O3 and the complementary effect of soil N addition on the physiological properties of trees. However, it has been overlooked how elevated O3 and N addition affect tree immunity in face of pathogen infection, as well as of the important roles of phyllosphere microbiome community in host–pathogen–environment interplay. Here, we examined the effects of elevated O3 and soil N addition on poplar leaf rust [Melampsora larici-populina] severity of two susceptible hybrid poplars [clone ‘107’: Populus euramericana cv. ‘74/76’; clone ‘546’: P. deltoides Í P. cathayana] in Free-Air-Controlled-Environment plots, in addition, the link between Mlp-susceptibility and changes in microbial community was determined using Miseq amplicon sequencing. Rust severity of clone ‘107’ significantly increased under elevated O3 or N addition only; however, the negative impact of elevated O3 could be significantly mitigated when accompanied by N addition, likewise, this trade-off was reflected in its phyllosphere microbial α-diversity responding to elevated O3 and N addition. However, rust severity of clone ‘546’ did not differ significantly in the cases of elevated O3 and N addition. Mlp infection altered microbial community composition and increased its sensitivity to elevated O3, as determined by the markedly different abundance of taxa. Elevated O3 and N addition reduced the complexity of microbial community, which may explain the increased severity of poplar rust. These findings suggest that poplars require a changing phyllosphere microbial associations to optimize plant immunity in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.T.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.T.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.T.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
| | | | - Naili Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.T.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Chen W, Radford D, Hambleton S. Towards Improved Detection and Identification of Rust Fungal Pathogens in Environmental Samples Using a Metabarcoding Approach. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:535-548. [PMID: 34384241 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-21-0020-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion of fungal inocula such as the airborne spores of rust fungi (Pucciniales) can be monitored through metabarcoding of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the rRNA gene in environmental DNAs. This method is largely dependent on a high-quality reference database (refDB) and primers with proper taxonomic coverage and specificity. For this study, a curated ITS2 reference database (named CR-ITS2-refDB) comprising representatives of the major cereal rust fungi and phylogenetically related species was compiled. Interspecific and intraspecific variation analyses suggested that the ITS2 region had reasonable discriminating power for the majority of the Puccinia species or species complexes in the database. In silico evaluation of nine forward and seven reverse ITS2 primers, including three newly designed, revealed marked variation in DNA amplification efficiency for the rusts. We validated the theoretical assessment of rust-enhanced (Rust2inv/ITS4var_H) and universal fungal (ITS9F/ITS4) ITS2 primer pairs by profiling the airborne rust fungal communities from environmental samples via a metabarcoding approach. Species- or subspecies-level identification of the rusts was improved by use of CR-ITS2-refDB and the Automated Oligonucleotide Design Pipeline (AODP), which identified all mutations distinguishing highly conserved DNA markers between close relatives. A generic bioinformatics pipeline was developed, including all steps used in this study from in silico evaluation of primers to accurate identification of short metabarcodes at the level of interest for defining phytopathogens. The results highlight the importance of primer selection, refDBs that are resolved to reflect phylogenetic relationships, and the use of AODP for improving the reliability of metabarcoding in phytopathogen biosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Biodiversity and Bioresources, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Devon Radford
- Biodiversity and Bioresources, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Sarah Hambleton
- Biodiversity and Bioresources, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
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28
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Trivellone V, Hoberg EP, Boeger WA, Brooks DR. Food security and emerging infectious disease: risk assessment and risk management. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211687. [PMID: 35223062 PMCID: PMC8847898 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and food security create a dangerous nexus. Habitat interfaces, assumed to be efficient buffers, are being disrupted by human activities which in turn accelerate the movement of pathogens. EIDs threaten directly and indirectly availability and access to nutritious food, affecting global security and human health. In the next 70 years, food-secure and food-insecure countries will face EIDs driving increasingly unsustainable costs of production, predicted to exceed national and global gross domestic products. Our modern challenge is to transform this business as usual and embrace an alternative vision of the biosphere formalized in the Stockholm paradigm (SP). First, a pathogen-centric focus shifts our vision of risk space, determining how pathogens circulate in realized and potential fitness space. Risk space and pathogen exchange are always heightened at habitat interfaces. Second, apply the document-assess-monitor-act (DAMA) protocol developing strategic data for EID risk, to be translated, synthesized and broadcast as actionable information. Risk management is realized through targeted interventions focused around information exchanged among a community of scientists, policy practitioners of food and public health security and local populations. Ultimately, SP and DAMA protect human rights, supporting food security, access to nutritious food, health interventions and environmental integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Eric P. Hoberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53716, USA
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Walter A. Boeger
- Biological Interactions, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx Postal 19073, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniel R. Brooks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto (emeritus), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, USA
- Institute for Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina ut 29, Budapest, Hungary H-1113
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29
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Thermotolerance and Adaptation to Climate Change. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Liu Y, Duan D, Jiang F, Tian Z, Feng X, Wu N, Hou F, Kardol P, Nan Z, Chen T. Long‐term heavy grazing increases community‐level foliar fungal diseases by shifting plant composition. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Industrial Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Dongdong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Nana Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems Center for Grassland Microbiome College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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31
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Liu M, Mipam TD, Wang X, Zhang P, Lin Z, Liu X. Contrasting effects of mammal grazing on foliar fungal diseases: patterns and potential mechanisms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:345-355. [PMID: 33666239 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens and their hosts often coexist with mammal grazers. However, the direction and strength of grazing effects on foliar fungal diseases can be idiosyncratic, varying among host plant species and pathogen types. We combined a 6 yr yak-grazing experiment, a clipping experiment simulating different mammal consumption patterns (leaf damage vs whole-leaf removal), and a meta-analysis of 63 comparisons to evaluate how grazing impacts foliar fungal diseases across plant growth types (grass vs forb) and pathogen life histories (biotroph vs necrotroph). In the yak-grazing experiment, grazing had no significant effect on disease severity, and grasses experienced a higher disease severity than forbs; there was a significant interaction between pathogen type and grazing. In both the yak-grazing experiment and meta-analysis, grazing decreased biotrophic pathogens (mainly rusts and powdery mildew), but did not affect necrotrophic pathogens (mainly leaf spots). The clipping experiment suggested that grazers might promote infection by necrotrophic pathogens by producing wounds on leaves, but inhibit biotrophic pathogens via leaf removal. In conclusion, our three-part approach revealed that intrinsic properties of both plants and pathogens shape patterns of disease in natural ecosystems, greatly improving our ability to predict disease severity under mammal grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tserang Donko Mipam
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems & Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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32
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Fullerol C 60(OH) 24 Nanoparticles and Drought Impact on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) during Growth and Infection with Aspergillus flavus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030236. [PMID: 33809896 PMCID: PMC8004204 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP)-wheat-A. flavus interaction outcome is more complicated in the presence of drought. This study sheds light on how the presence of FNP affects food and feed safety from the perspective of mycotoxin contamination. The study aims to determine the influence of FNP at environmentally plausible concentrations on wheat growth under drought stress and on the aggressiveness of A. flavus during wheat germination, as well as the influence of FNP on the secondary metabolite profile during the inappropriate wheat storage. The co-occurrence of drought and FNP inhibited germination and shoot growth, while an application of FNP alone had no negative effect on plant growth. Wheat pre-treated with FNP showed a concentration dependent resistance pattern to A. flavus aggressiveness. Nevertheless, using a LC-MS/MS based multi-mycotoxin method, six secondary fungal metabolites: 3-nitropropionic acid (<LOD −775.7336 ± 10.7752 ng mL−1), aflatoxin B1 (<LOD −6.78 ± 0.43 ng mL−1) and B2 (<LOD −0.07 ± 0.00 ng mL−1), aflatoxicol (<LOD −0.37 ± 0.16 ng mL−1), kojic acid (<LOD −1337.87 ± 189.04 ng mL−1), and O-methylsterigmatocystin (<LOD −0.17 ± 0.00 ng mL−1), were detected. FNP affected secondary metabolism of A. flavus during inappropriate wheat storage and increased the concentration of secondary metabolites in a concentration-dependent pattern (3-nitropropionic acid and kojic acid). In addition, aflatoxicol production was provoked in FNP treated samples.
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Zhao S, Shang X, Bi W, Yu X, Liu D, Kang Z, Wang X, Wang X. Genome-Wide Identification of Effector Candidates With Conserved Motifs From the Wheat Leaf Rust Fungus Puccinia triticina. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1188. [PMID: 32582112 PMCID: PMC7283542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rust fungi secrete various specialized effectors into host cells to manipulate the plant defense response. Conserved motifs, including RXLR, LFLAK-HVLVxxP (CRN), Y/F/WxC, CFEM, LysM, EAR, [SG]-P-C-[KR]-P, DPBB_1 (PNPi), and ToxA, have been identified in various oomycete and fungal effectors and are reported to be crucial for effector translocation or function. However, little is known about potential effectors containing any of these conserved motifs in the wheat leaf rust fungus (Puccinia triticina, Pt). In this study, sequencing was performed on RNA samples collected from the germ tubes (GT) of uredospores of an epidemic Pt pathotype PHTT(P) and Pt-infected leaves of a susceptible wheat cultivar "Chinese Spring" at 4, 6, and 8 days post-inoculation (dpi). The assembled transcriptome data were compared to the reference genome of "Pt 1-1 BBBD Race 1." A total of 17,976 genes, including 2,284 "novel" transcripts, were annotated. Among all these genes, we identified 3,149 upregulated genes upon Pt infection at all time points compared to GT, whereas 1,613 genes were more highly expressed in GT. A total of 464 secreted proteins were encoded by those upregulated genes, with 79 of them also predicted as possible effectors by EffectorP. Using hmmsearch and Regex, we identified 719 RXLR-like, 19 PNPi-like, 19 CRN-like, 138 Y/F/WxC, and 9 CFEM effector candidates from the deduced protein database including data based on the "Pt 1-1 BBBD Race 1" genome and the transcriptome data collected here. Four of the PNPi-like effector candidates with DPBB_1 conserved domain showed physical interactions with wheat NPR1 protein in yeast two-hybrid assay. Nine Y/F/WxC and seven CFEM effector candidates were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. None of these effector candidates showed induction or suppression of cell death triggered by BAX protein, but the expression of one CFEM effector candidate, PTTG_08198, accelerated the progress of cell death and promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, we profiled genes associated with the infection process of the Pt pathotype PHTT(P). The identified effector candidates with conserved motifs will help guide the investigation of virulent mechanisms of leaf rust fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Weishuai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Daqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Cappelli SL, Pichon NA, Kempel A, Allan E. Sick plants in grassland communities: a growth-defense trade-off is the main driver of fungal pathogen abundance. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1349-1359. [PMID: 32455502 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aboveground fungal pathogens can substantially reduce biomass production in grasslands. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of fungal pathogen infection and impact. Using a grassland global change and biodiversity experiment we show that the trade-off between plant growth and defense is the main determinant of infection incidence. In contrast, nitrogen addition only indirectly increased incidence via shifting plant communities towards faster growing species. Plant diversity did not decrease incidence, likely because spillover of generalist pathogens or dominance of susceptible plants counteracted negative diversity effects. A fungicide treatment increased plant biomass production and high levels of infection incidence were associated with reduced biomass. However, pathogen impact was context dependent and infection incidence reduced biomass more strongly in diverse communities. Our results show that a growth-defense trade-off is the key driver of pathogen incidence, but pathogen impact is determined by several mechanisms and may depend on pathogen community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina L Cappelli
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
| | - Noémie A Pichon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
| | - Anne Kempel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
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Garrett KA, Alcalá-Briseño RI, Andersen KF, Brawner J, Choudhury RA, Delaquis E, Fayette J, Poudel R, Purves D, Rothschild J, Small IM, Thomas-Sharma S, Xing Y. Effective Altruism as an Ethical Lens on Research Priorities. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:708-722. [PMID: 31821114 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-19-0168-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective altruism is an ethical framework for identifying the greatest potential benefits from investments. Here, we apply effective altruism concepts to maximize research benefits through identification of priority stakeholders, pathosystems, and research questions and technologies. Priority stakeholders for research benefits may include smallholder farmers who have not yet attained the minimal standards set out by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; these farmers would often have the most to gain from better crop disease management, if their management problems are tractable. In wildlands, prioritization has been based on the risk of extirpating keystone species, protecting ecosystem services, and preserving wild resources of importance to vulnerable people. Pathosystems may be prioritized based on yield and quality loss, and also factors such as whether other researchers would be unlikely to replace the research efforts if efforts were withdrawn, such as in the case of orphan crops and orphan pathosystems. Research products that help build sustainable and resilient systems can be particularly beneficial. The "value of information" from research can be evaluated in epidemic networks and landscapes, to identify priority locations for both benefits to individuals and to constrain regional epidemics. As decision-making becomes more consolidated and more networked in digital agricultural systems, the range of ethical considerations expands. Low-likelihood but high-damage scenarios such as generalist doomsday pathogens may be research priorities because of the extreme potential cost. Regional microbiomes constitute a commons, and avoiding the "tragedy of the microbiome commons" may depend on shifting research products from "common pool goods" to "public goods" or other categories. We provide suggestions for how individual researchers and funders may make altruism-driven research more effective.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Garrett
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - R I Alcalá-Briseño
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - K F Andersen
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - J Brawner
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - R A Choudhury
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - E Delaquis
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - J Fayette
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - R Poudel
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - D Purves
- Philosophy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - J Rothschild
- Philosophy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - I M Small
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, U.S.A
| | - S Thomas-Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, U.S.A
| | - Y Xing
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
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Kovač T, Šarkanj B, Borišev I, Djordjevic A, Jović D, Lončarić A, Babić J, Jozinović A, Krska T, Gangl J, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Krska R. Fullerol C 60(OH) 24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040213. [PMID: 32230978 PMCID: PMC7232364 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts to control mycotoxin contamination worldwide, extensive contamination has been reported to occur in food and feed. The contamination is even more intense due to climate changes and different stressors. This study examined the impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) (at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng mL-1) on the secondary metabolite profile of the most relevant foodborne mycotoxigenic fungi from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alternaria and Penicillium, during growth in vitro. Fungi were grown in liquid RPMI 1640 media for 72 h at 29 °C, and metabolites were investigated by the LC-MS/MS dilute and shoot multimycotoxin method. Exposure to FNP showed great potential in decreasing the concentrations of 35 secondary metabolites; the decreases were dependent on FNP concentration and fungal genus. These results are a relevant guide for future examination of fungi-FNP interactions in environmental conditions. The aim is to establish the exact mechanism of FNP action and determine the impact such interactions have on food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Kovač
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-224-341; Fax: +385-31-207-115
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Ivana Borišev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Aleksandar Djordjevic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Danica Jović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Ante Lončarić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Antun Jozinović
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Tamara Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Johann Gangl
- Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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Liu X, Chen L, Liu M, García‐Guzmán G, Gilbert GS, Zhou S. Dilution effect of plant diversity on infectious diseases: latitudinal trend and biological context dependence. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (SIEC), and School of Life Sciences, Fudan Univ. 2005 Songhu Road CN‐200438 Shanghai PR China
| | - Lifan Chen
- School of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Univ. of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai PR China
| | - Mu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (SIEC), and School of Life Sciences, Fudan Univ. 2005 Songhu Road CN‐200438 Shanghai PR China
| | | | | | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (SIEC), and School of Life Sciences, Fudan Univ. 2005 Songhu Road CN‐200438 Shanghai PR China
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Impact of fullerol C 60(OH) 24 nanoparticles on the production of emerging toxins by Aspergillus flavus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:725. [PMID: 31959903 PMCID: PMC6971017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of fullerene C60 water soluble daughter molecules - fullerols C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) on emerging (non-aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway) toxins production in mycelia and yeast extract sucrose (YES) media of A. flavus was investigated under growth conditions of 29 °C in the dark for a 168 h period. The FNP solution (10, 100 and 1000 ng mL−1) contained predominantly nanoparticles of 8 nm diameter and with zeta potential mean value of −33 mV. Ten emerging metabolites were produced at concentrations reaching 1,745,035 ng 50 mL−1 YES medium. Seven of the metabolites were found in mycelia and media, while three were only in mycelia. Majority of the metabolites were detected in higher quantity in mycelia than in media, at a ratio of 99:1 (m/m). However, higher metabolite quantities were found in media following FNP application, while FNP caused a decrease of total metabolite quantities in mycelia. The concentrations of the metabolites in media increased in the presence of 1000 ng mL−1 FNP while mycelial quantities of the metabolites decreased with increased applied FNP dose. The impacts of global climate changes on FNP availability in the environment and on mycotoxin occurrence in crops increase the relevance of this study for risk assessment of nanoparticles. Cordycepin is reported for the first time as metabolite of A. flavus.
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Silva E, da Graça JP, Porto C, Martin do Prado R, Hoffmann-Campo CB, Meyer MC, de Oliveira Nunes E, Pilau EJ. Unraveling Asian Soybean Rust metabolomics using mass spectrometry and Molecular Networking approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:138. [PMID: 31924833 PMCID: PMC6954191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating disease with an estimated crop yield loss of up to 90%. Yet, there is a nerf of information on the metabolic response of soybean plants to the pathogen Untargeted metabolomics and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking platform approach was used to explore soybean metabolome modulation to P. pachyrhizi infection. Soybean plants susceptible to ASR was inoculated with P. pachyrhizi spore suspension and non-inoculated plants were used as controls. Leaves from both groups were collected 14 days post-inoculation and extracted using different extractor solvent mixtures. The extracts were analyzed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to high-definition electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. There was a significant production of defense secondary metabolites (phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and flavonoids) when P. pachyrhizi infected soybean plants, such as putatively identified liquiritigenin, coumestrol, formononetin, pisatin, medicarpin, biochanin A, glyoceollidin I, glyoceollidin II, glyoceollin I, glyoceolidin II, glyoceolidin III, glyoceolidin IV, glyoceolidin VI. Primary metabolites (amino acids, peptides and lipids) also were putatively identified. This is the first report using untargeted metabolomics and GNPS-Molecular Networking approach to explore ASR in soybean plants. Our data provide insights into the potential role of some metabolites in the plant resistance to ASR, which could result in the development of resistant genotypes of soybean to P. pachyrhizi, and effective and specific products against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
| | - José Perez da Graça
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Porto
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
- Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation - ICETI, University Center of Maringá - UNICESUMAR, 1610, Guedner Av, Maringá, PR, 87050-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Martin do Prado
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Conrado Meyer
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Estela de Oliveira Nunes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Swine and Poultry, BR-153, Km 110 Distrito de Tamanduá, SC, 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil.
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Liu X, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou S. Foliar fungal diseases respond differently to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in Tibetan alpine meadows. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University Xining PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai PR China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining PR China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University Xining PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai PR China
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Félix C, Meneses R, Gonçalves MFM, Tilleman L, Duarte AS, Jorrín-Novo JV, Van de Peer Y, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Esteves AC, Alves A. A multi-omics analysis of the grapevine pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae reveals that temperature affects the expression of virulence- and pathogenicity-related genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13144. [PMID: 31511626 PMCID: PMC6739476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae, Ascomycota) is a plant pathogen and human opportunist whose pathogenicity is modulated by temperature. The molecular effects of temperature on L. theobromae are mostly unknown, so we used a multi-omics approach to understand how temperature affects the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity. The genome of L. theobromae LA-SOL3 was sequenced (Illumina MiSeq) and annotated. Furthermore, the transcriptome (Illumina TruSeq) and proteome (Orbitrap LC-MS/MS) of LA-SOL3 grown at 25 °C and 37 °C were analysed. Proteins related to pathogenicity (plant cell wall degradation, toxin synthesis, mitogen-activated kinases pathway and proteins involved in the velvet complex) were more abundant when the fungus grew at 25 °C. At 37 °C, proteins related to pathogenicity were less abundant than at 25 °C, while proteins related to cell wall organisation were more abundant. On the other hand, virulence factors involved in human pathogenesis, such as the SSD1 virulence protein, were expressed only at 37 °C. Taken together, our results showed that this species presents a typical phytopathogenic molecular profile that is compatible with a hemibiotrophic lifestyle. We showed that L. theobromae is equipped with the pathogenesis toolbox that enables it to infect not only plants but also animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Félix
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Meneses
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Micael F M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana S Duarte
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Portuguese Catholic University, Health Science Institute-Viseu, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Jesus V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana C Esteves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Portuguese Catholic University, Health Science Institute-Viseu, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Wu J, Gao J, Bi W, Zhao J, Yu X, Li Z, Liu D, Liu B, Wang X. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of Genes Associated with the Lr47-Mediated Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust ( Puccinia triticina). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4498. [PMID: 31514396 PMCID: PMC6769777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Puccinia triticina (Pt), the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens threatening global wheat cultivations. The rational utilization of leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes is still the most efficient method for the control of such diseases. The Lr47 gene introgressed from chromosome 7S of Aegilops speltoides still showed high resistance to the majority of Pt races collected in China. However, the Lr47 gene has not been cloned yet, and the regulatory network of the Lr47-mediated resistance has not been explored. In the present investigation, transcriptome analysis was applied on RNA samples from three different wheat lines ("Yecora Rojo", "UC1037", and "White Yecora") carrying the Lr47 gene three days post-inoculation with the epidemic Pt race THTT. A comparison between Pt-inoculated and water-inoculated "Lr47-Yecora Rojo" lines revealed a total number of 863 upregulated (q-value < 0.05 and log2foldchange > 1) and 418 downregulated (q-value < 0.05 and log2foldchange < -1) genes. Specifically, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) located on chromosomes 7AS, 7BS, and 7DS were identified, ten of which encoded receptor-like kinases (RLKs). The expression patterns of these RLK genes were further determined by a time-scale qRT-PCR assay. Moreover, heatmaps for the expression profiles of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and several transcription factor gene families were generated. Using a transcriptomic approach, we initially profiled the transcriptional changes associated with the Lr47-mediated resistance. The identified DEGs, particularly those genes encoding RLKs, might serve as valuable genetic resources for the improvement of wheat resistance to Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Weishuai Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jiaojie Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zaifeng Li
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Daqun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
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43
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Treindl AD, Leuchtmann A. Assortative mating in sympatric ascomycete fungi revealed by experimental fertilizations. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:676-686. [PMID: 31416587 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mate recognition mechanisms resulting in assortative mating constitute an effective reproductive barrier that may promote sexual isolation and speciation. While such mechanisms are widely documented for animals and plants, they remain poorly studied in fungi. We used two interfertile species of Epichloë (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota), E. typhina and E. clarkii, which are host-specific endophytes of two sympatrically occurring grasses. The life cycle of these obligatory outcrossing fungi entails dispersal of gametes by a fly vector among external fungal structures (stromata). To test for assortative mating, we mimicked the natural fertilization process by applying mixtures of spermatia from both species and examined their reproductive success. Our trials revealed that fertilization is non-random and preferentially takes place between conspecific mating partners, which is indicative of assortative mating. Additionally, the viability of hybrid and non-hybrid ascospore offspring was assessed. Germination rates were lower in E. clarkii than in E. typhina and were reduced in ascospore progeny from treatments with high proportions of heterospecific spermatia. The preferential mating between conspecific genotypes and reduced hybrid viability represent important reproductive barriers that have not been documented before in Epichloë. Insights from fungal systems will deepen our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis D Treindl
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Leuchtmann
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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44
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Severns PM, Sackett KE, Farber DH, Mundt CC. Consequences of Long-Distance Dispersal for Epidemic Spread: Patterns, Scaling, and Mitigation. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:177-191. [PMID: 30592698 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0505-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemics caused by long-distance dispersed pathogens result in some of the most explosive and difficult to control diseases of both plants and animals (including humans). Yet the factors influencing disease spread, especially in the early stages of the outbreak, are not well-understood. We present scaling relationships, of potentially widespread relevance, that were developed from more than 15 years of field and in silico single focus studies of wheat stripe rust spread. These relationships emerged as a consequence of accounting for a greater proportion of the fat-tailed disease gradient that may be frequently underestimated in disease spread studies. Leptokurtic dispersal gradients (highly peaked and fat-tailed) are relatively common in nature and they can be represented by power law functions. Power law scale invariance properties generate patterns that repeat over multiple spatial scales, suggesting important and predictable scaling relationships between disease levels during the first generation of disease outbreaks and subsequent epidemic spread. Experimental wheat stripe rust outbreaks and disease spread simulations support theoretical scaling relationships from power law properties and suggest that relatively straightforward scaling approximations may be useful for projecting the spread of disease caused by long-distance dispersed pathogens. Our results suggest that, when actual dispersal/disease data are lacking, an inverse power law with exponent = 2 may provide a reasonable approximation for modeling disease spread. Furthermore, our experiments and simulations strongly suggest that early control treatments with small spatial extent are likely to be more effective at suppressing an outbreak caused by a long-distance dispersed pathogen than would delayed treatment of a larger area. The scaling relationships we detail and the associated consequences for disease control may be broadly applicable to plant and animal pathogens characterized by non-exponentially bound, fat-tailed dispersal gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Severns
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Kathryn E Sackett
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Daniel H Farber
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Christopher C Mundt
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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45
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Liu X, Ma Z, Cadotte MW, Chen F, He JS, Zhou S. Warming affects foliar fungal diseases more than precipitation in a Tibetan alpine meadow. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1574-1584. [PMID: 30325035 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of global change on semi-natural and agro-ecosystem functioning have been studied extensively. However, less well understood is how global change will influence fungal diseases, especially in a natural ecosystem. We use data from a 6-yr factorial experiment with warming (simulated using infrared heaters) and altered precipitation treatments in a natural Tibetan alpine meadow ecosystem, from which we tested global change effects on foliar fungal diseases at the population and community levels, and evaluated the importance of direct effects of the treatments and community-mediated (indirect) effects (through changes in plant community composition and competence) of global change on community pathogen load. At the population level, we found warming significantly increased fungal diseases for nine plant species. At the community level, we found that warming significantly increased pathogen load of entire host communities, whereas no significant effect of altered precipitation on community pathogen load was detected. We concluded that warming influences fungal disease prevalence more than precipitation does in a Tibetan alpine meadow. Moreover, our study provides new experimental evidence that increases in disease burden on some plant species and for entire host communities is primarily the direct effects of warming, rather than community-mediated (indirect) effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 Jiayuguan Road West, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Fei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 768 Jiayuguan Road West, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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46
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Makiola A, Dickie IA, Holdaway RJ, Wood JR, Orwin KH, Lee CK, Glare TR. Biases in the metabarcoding of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00780. [PMID: 30585441 PMCID: PMC6612544 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens such as rust fungi (Pucciniales) are of global economic and ecological importance. This means there is a critical need to reliably and cost-effectively detect, identify, and monitor these fungi at large scales. We investigated and analyzed the causes of differences between next-generation sequencing (NGS) metabarcoding approaches and traditional DNA cloning in the detection and quantification of recognized species of rust fungi from environmental samples. We found significant differences between observed and expected numbers of shared rust fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among different methods. However, there was no significant difference in relative abundance of OTUs that all methods were capable of detecting. Differences among the methods were mainly driven by the method's ability to detect specific OTUs, likely caused by mismatches with the NGS metabarcoding primers to some Puccinia species. Furthermore, detection ability did not seem to be influenced by differences in sequence lengths among methods, the most appropriate bioinformatic pipeline used for each method, or the ability to detect rare species. Our findings are important to future metabarcoding studies, because they highlight the main sources of difference among methods, and rule out several mechanisms that could drive these differences. Furthermore, strong congruity among three fundamentally different and independent methods demonstrates the promising potential of NGS metabarcoding for tracking important taxa such as rust fungi from within larger NGS metabarcoding communities. Our results support the use of NGS metabarcoding for the large-scale detection and quantification of rust fungi, but not for confirming the absence of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Makiola
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAUniversité Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance,Bio‐Protection Research CentreLincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio‐Protection Research Centre, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyNew Zealand
| | | | - Jamie R. Wood
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | - Kate H. Orwin
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | - Charles K. Lee
- Waikato DNA Sequencing Facility, School of ScienceUniversity of WaikatoHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Travis R. Glare
- Bio‐Protection Research CentreLincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand
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47
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Kovač T, Šarkanj B, Crevar B, Kovač M, Lončarić A, Strelec I, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Krska R. Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 Growth, Oxidative Status, and Aflatoxins Production Ability In Vitro under Different Illumination Regimes. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E528. [PMID: 30544693 PMCID: PMC6316533 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is the most important mycotoxin-producing fungus involved in the global episodes of aflatoxin B₁ contamination of crops at both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. However, in order to effectively control aflatoxin contamination in crops using antiaflatoxigenic and/or antifungal compounds, some of which are photosensitive, a proper understanding of the photo-sensitive physiology of potential experimental strains need to be documented. The purpose of the study is therefore to evaluate the effect of visible (VIS) light illumination on growth and conidiation, aflatoxin production ability and modulation of A. flavus oxidative status during in vitro experiment. Aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain was inoculated in aflatoxin-inducing YES media and incubated under three different VIS illumination regimes during a 168 h growth period at 29 °C. VIS illumination reduced A. flavus mycelia biomass yield, both during growth on plates and in liquid media, promoted conidiation and increased the aflatoxin production. Furthermore, aflatoxin production increased with increased reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels at 96 h of growth, confirming illumination-driven oxidative stress modulation activity on A. flavus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Kovač
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
- Department of Food technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, Koprivnica 48000, Croatia.
| | - Biljana Crevar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Marija Kovač
- Inspecto Ltd., Industrijska zona Nemetin, Vukovarska cesta 239b, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Ante Lončarić
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Ivica Strelec
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
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48
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Wood JR, Díaz FP, Latorre C, Wilmshurst JM, Burge OR, Gutiérrez RA. Plant pathogen responses to Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change in the central Atacama Desert, Chile. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17208. [PMID: 30464240 PMCID: PMC6249261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Future climate change has the potential to alter the distribution and prevalence of plant pathogens, which may have significant implications for both agricultural crops and natural plant communities. However, there are few long-term datasets against which modelled predictions of pathogen responses to climate change can be tested. Here, we use 18S metabarcoding of 28 rodent middens (solidified deposits of rodent coprolites and nesting material) from the Central Atacama, spanning the last ca. 49 ka, to provide the first long-term late Quaternary record of change in plant pathogen communities in response to changing climate. Plant pathogen richness was significantly greater in middens deposited during the Central Andean Pluvial Event (CAPE); a period of increased precipitation between 17.5–8.5 ka. Moreover, the occurrence frequency of Pucciniaceae (rust fungi) was significantly greater during the CAPE, and the highest relative abundances for five additional potentially pathogenic taxa also occurred during this period. The results demonstrate the promising potential for ancient DNA analysis of late Quaternary samples to reveal insights into how plant pathogens responded to past climatic and environmental change, which could help predict how pathogens may responded to future change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Wood
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand.
| | - Francisca P Díaz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile. .,FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation & Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudio Latorre
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda, 340, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Las Palmeras, 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janet M Wilmshurst
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand.,School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Olivia R Burge
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation & Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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49
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Panwar V, Jordan M, McCallum B, Bakkeren G. Host-induced silencing of essential genes in Puccinia triticina through transgenic expression of RNAi sequences reduces severity of leaf rust infection in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1013-1023. [PMID: 28941315 PMCID: PMC5902777 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by the pathogenic fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt), is one of the most serious biotic threats to sustainable wheat production worldwide. This obligate biotrophic pathogen is prevalent worldwide and is known for rapid adaptive evolution to overcome resistant wheat varieties. Novel disease control approaches are therefore required to minimize the yield losses caused by Pt. Having shown previously the potential of host-delivered RNA interference (HD-RNAi) in functional screening of Pt genes involved in pathogenesis, we here evaluated the use of this technology in transgenic wheat plants as a method to achieve protection against wheat leaf rust (WLR) infection. Stable expression of hairpin RNAi constructs with sequence homology to Pt MAP-kinase (PtMAPK1) or a cyclophilin (PtCYC1) encoding gene in susceptible wheat plants showed efficient silencing of the corresponding genes in the interacting fungus resulting in disease resistance throughout the T2 generation. Inhibition of Pt proliferation in transgenic lines by in planta-induced RNAi was associated with significant reduction in target fungal transcript abundance and reduced fungal biomass accumulation in highly resistant plants. Disease protection was correlated with the presence of siRNA molecules specific to targeted fungal genes in the transgenic lines harbouring the complementary HD-RNAi construct. This work demonstrates that generating transgenic wheat plants expressing RNAi-inducing transgenes to silence essential genes in rust fungi can provide effective disease resistance, thus opening an alternative way for developing rust-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Panwar
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaMorden Research and Development CentreMordenMBCanada
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaSummerland Research and Development CentreSummerlandBCCanada
| | - Mark Jordan
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaMorden Research and Development CentreMordenMBCanada
| | - Brent McCallum
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaMorden Research and Development CentreMordenMBCanada
| | - Guus Bakkeren
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaSummerland Research and Development CentreSummerlandBCCanada
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50
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Shen YM, Chung WH, Huang TC, Rodeva R, Hung TH. Unveiling Gymnosporangium corniforme , G . unicorne , and G. niitakayamense sp. nov. in Taiwan. MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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