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Güngör E, Savary J, Adema K, Dijkhuizen LW, Keilwagen J, Himmelbach A, Mascher M, Koppers N, Bräutigam A, Van Hove C, Riant O, Nierzwicki-Bauer S, Schluepmann H. The crane fly glycosylated triketide δ-lactone cornicinine elicits akinete differentiation of the cyanobiont in aquatic Azolla fern symbioses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2675-2692. [PMID: 38600764 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The restriction of plant-symbiont dinitrogen fixation by an insect semiochemical had not been previously described. Here we report on a glycosylated triketide δ-lactone from Nephrotoma cornicina crane flies, cornicinine, that causes chlorosis in the floating-fern symbioses from the genus Azolla. Only the glycosylated trans-A form of chemically synthesized cornicinine was active: 500 nM cornicinine in the growth medium turned all cyanobacterial filaments from Nostoc azollae inside the host leaf-cavities into akinetes typically secreting CTB-bacteriocins. Cornicinine further inhibited akinete germination in Azolla sporelings, precluding re-establishment of the symbiosis during sexual reproduction. It did not impact development of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana or several free-living cyanobacteria from the genera Anabaena or Nostoc but affected the fern host without cyanobiont. Fern-host mRNA sequencing from isolated leaf cavities confirmed high NH4-assimilation and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in this trichome-rich tissue. After cornicinine treatment, it revealed activation of Cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase-pathways, known to mediate metabolite signaling and plant elicitation consistent with the chlorosis phenotype, and increased JA-oxidase, sulfate transport and exosome formation. The work begins to uncover molecular mechanisms of cyanobiont differentiation in a seed-free plant symbiosis important for wetland ecology or circular crop-production today, that once caused massive CO2 draw-down during the Eocene geological past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbil Güngör
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Savary
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kelvin Adema
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Nils Koppers
- Computational Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Computational Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Charles Van Hove
- Emeritus Professor from the Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Moss SMA, Zhou Y, Butelli E, Waite CN, Yeh SM, Cordiner SB, Harris NN, Copsey L, Schwinn KE, Davies KM, Hudson A, Martin C, Albert NW. Painted flowers: Eluta generates pigment patterning in Antirrhinum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38822654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In the early 1900s, Erwin Baur established Antirrhinum majus as a model system, identifying and characterising numerous flower colour variants. This included Picturatum/Eluta, which restricts the accumulation of magenta anthocyanin pigments, forming bullseye markings on the flower face. We identified the gene underlying the Eluta locus by transposon-tagging, using an Antirrhinum line that spontaneously lost the nonsuppressive el phenotype. A candidate MYB repressor gene at this locus contained a CACTA transposable element. We subsequently identified plants where this element excised, reverting to a suppressive Eluta phenotype. El alleles inhibit expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, confirming it to be a regulatory locus. The modes of action of Eluta were investigated by generating stable transgenic tobacco lines, biolistic transformation of Antirrhinum petals and promoter activation/repression assays. Eluta competes with MYB activators for promoter cis-elements, and also by titrating essential cofactors (bHLH proteins) to reduce transcription of target genes. Eluta restricts the pigmentation established by the R2R3-MYB factors, Rosea and Venosa, with the greatest repression on those parts of the petals where Eluta is most highly expressed. Baur questioned the origin of heredity units determining flower colour variation in cultivated A. majus. Our findings support introgression from wild species into cultivated varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M A Moss
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | | | - Chethi N Waite
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Shin-Mei Yeh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Sarah B Cordiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Nilangani N Harris
- The New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | | | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
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3
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Balasubramanian VK, Veličković D, Rubio Wilhelmi MDM, Anderton CR, Stewart CN, DiFazio S, Blumwald E, Ahkami AH. Spatiotemporal metabolic responses to water deficit stress in distinct leaf cell-types of poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1346853. [PMID: 38495374 PMCID: PMC10940329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1346853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of water-deficit (WD) stress on plant metabolism has been predominantly studied at the whole tissue level. However, plant tissues are made of several distinct cell types with unique and differentiated functions, which limits whole tissue 'omics'-based studies to determine only an averaged molecular signature arising from multiple cell types. Advancements in spatial omics technologies provide an opportunity to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to WD stress at distinct cell-type levels. Here, we studied the spatiotemporal metabolic responses of two poplar (Populus tremula× P. alba) leaf cell types -palisade and vascular cells- to WD stress using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We identified unique WD stress-mediated metabolic shifts in each leaf cell type when exposed to early and prolonged WD stresses and recovery from stress. During water-limited conditions, flavonoids and phenolic metabolites were exclusively accumulated in leaf palisade cells. However, vascular cells mainly accumulated sugars and fatty acids during stress and recovery conditions, respectively, highlighting the functional divergence of leaf cell types in response to WD stress. By comparing our MALDI-MSI metabolic data with whole leaf tissue gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolic profile, we identified only a few metabolites including monosaccharides, hexose phosphates, and palmitic acid that showed a similar accumulation trend at both cell-type and whole leaf tissue levels. Overall, this work highlights the potential of the MSI approach to complement the whole tissue-based metabolomics techniques and provides a novel spatiotemporal understanding of plant metabolic responses to WD stress. This will help engineer specific metabolic pathways at a cellular level in strategic perennial trees like poplars to help withstand future aberrations in environmental conditions and to increase bioenergy sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
| | - Dušan Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Christopher R. Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen DiFazio
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amir H. Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, United States
- Adjoint Faculty, School of Biological Science (SBS), Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, United States
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Du NH, Xiong RL, Zhu TT, Liu XY, Zhang JZ, Fu J, Wang HL, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Efficient Production of Flavonoid Glucuronides in Escherichia coli Using Flavonoid O-Glucuronosyltransferases Characterized from Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:228-237. [PMID: 38266493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
As a model liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha contains various flavone glucuronides with cardiovascular-promoting effects and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the related glucuronosyltransferases have not yet been reported. In this study, two bifunctional UDP-glucuronic acid/UDP-glucose:flavonoid glucuronosyltransferases/glucosyltransferases, MpUGT742A1 and MpUGT736B1, were identified from M. polymorpha. Extensive enzymatic assays found that MpUGT742A1 and MpUGT736B1 exhibited efficient glucuronidation activity for flavones, flavonols, and flavanones and showed promiscuous regioselectivity at positions 3, 6, 7, 3', and 4'. These enzymes catalyzed the production of a variety of flavonoid glucuronides with medicinal value, including apigenin-7-O-glucuronide and scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide. With the use of MpUGT736B1, apigenin-4'-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7,4'-di-O-glucuronide were prepared by scaled-up enzymatic catalysis and structurally identified by NMR spectroscopy. MpUGT742A1 also displayed glucosyltransferase activity on the 7-OH position of the flavanones using UDP-glucose as the sugar donor. Furthermore, we constructed four recombinant strains by combining the pathway for increasing the UDP-glucuronic acid supply with the two novel UGTs MpUGT742A1 and MpUGT736B1. When apigenin was used as a substrate, the extracellular apigenin-4'-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7,4'-di-O-glucuronide production obtained from the Escherichia coli strain BB2 reached 598 and 81 mg/L, respectively. Our study provides new candidate genes and strategies for the biosynthesis of flavonoid glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rui-Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Song Q, He F, Kong L, Yang J, Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Xu C, Fan C, Luo K. The IAA17.1/HSFA5a module enhances salt tolerance in Populus tomentosa by regulating flavonol biosynthesis and ROS levels in lateral roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:592-606. [PMID: 37974487 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Auxin signaling provides a promising approach to controlling root system architecture and improving stress tolerance in plants. However, how the auxin signaling is transducted in this process remains unclear. The Aux indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) repressor IAA17.1 is stabilized by salinity, and primarily expressed in the lateral root (LR) primordia and tips in poplar. Overexpression of the auxin-resistant form of IAA17.1 (IAA17.1m) led to growth inhibition of LRs, markedly reduced salt tolerance, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decreased flavonol content. We further identified that IAA17.1 can interact with the heat shock protein HSFA5a, which was highly expressed in roots and induced by salt stress. Overexpression of HSFA5a significantly increased flavonol content, reduced ROS accumulation, enhanced LR growth and salt tolerance in transgenic poplar. Moreover, HSFA5a could rescue the defective phenotypes caused by IAA17.1m. Expression analysis showed that genes associated with flavonol biosynthesis were altered in IAA17.1m- and HAFA5a-overexpressing plants. Furthermore, we identified that HSFA5a directly activated the expression of key enzyme genes in the flavonol biosynthesis pathway, while IAA17.1 suppressed HSFA5a-mediated activation of these genes. Collectively, the IAA17.1/HSFA5a module regulates flavonol biosynthesis, controls ROS accumulation, thereby modulating the root system of poplar to adapt to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fu He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunfen Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Gabrieli F, Anire J, Albertini E, Ezquer I, Colombo L. Evolutionary studies of the bHLH transcription factors belonging to MBW complex: their role in seed development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:383-400. [PMID: 37467144 PMCID: PMC10667011 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The MBW complex consist of proteins belonging to three major families (MYB, bHLH and WDR) involved in various processes throughout plant development: epidermal cell development, mucilage secretory cells and flavonoid biosynthesis. Recently, it has been reported that TT8, encoding a bHLH transcription factor, is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the seed coat and it also plays a role in bypassing the postzygotic barrier resulting from an unbalance in genetic loads of the parental lines. Here, we focus on the functional evolution, in seed development, of the bHLH proteins that are part of the MBW complex, complemented with a literature review. METHODS Phylogenetic analyses performed across seed plants and expression analyses in the reproductive tissues of four selected angiosperms (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Capsella rubella and Solanum lycopersicum) allow us to hypothesize on the evolution of its functions. KEY RESULTS TT8 expression in the innermost layer of the seed coat is conserved in the selected angiosperms. However, except for Arabidopsis, TT8 is also expressed in ovules, carpels and fruits. The homologues belonging to the sister clade of TT8, EGL3/GL3, involved in trichome development, are expressed in the outermost layer of the seed coat, suggesting potential roles in mucilage. CONCLUSIONS The ancestral function of these genes appears to be flavonoid biosynthesis, and the conservation of TT8 expression patterns in the innermost layer of the seed coat in angiosperms suggests that their function in postzygotic barriers might also be conserved. Moreover, the literature review and the results of the present study suggest a sophisticated association, linking the mechanisms of action of these genes to the cross-communication activity between the different tissues of the seed. Thus, it provides avenues to study the mechanisms of action of TT8 in the postzygotic triploid block, which is crucial because it impacts seed development in unbalanced crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Flavio Gabrieli
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale DII, University of Padua, via Gradenigo, 6/a, Padova, Italy
| | - Jovannemar Anire
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Coconut Research Center – Visayas, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of BioScience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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Van de Poel B, de Vries J. Evolution of ethylene as an abiotic stress hormone in streptophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 214:105456. [PMID: 37780400 PMCID: PMC10518463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
All land plants modulate their growth and physiology through intricate signaling cascades. The majority of these are at least modulated-and often triggered-by phytohormones. Over the past decade, it has become apparent that some phytohormones have an evolutionary origin that runs deeper than plant terrestrialization-many emerged in the streptophyte algal progenitors of land plants. Ethylene is such a case. Here we synthesize the current knowledge on the evolution of the phytohormone ethylene and speculate about its deeply conserved role in adjusting stress responses of streptophytes for more than half a billion years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van de Poel
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology lab, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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8
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Marron AO, Sauret‐Güeto S, Rebmann M, Silvestri L, Tomaselli M, Haseloff J. An enhancer trap system to track developmental dynamics in Marchantia polymorpha. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:604-628. [PMID: 37583263 PMCID: PMC10952768 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A combination of streamlined genetics, experimental tractability and relative morphological simplicity compared to vascular plants makes the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha an ideal model system for studying many aspects of plant biology. Here we describe a transformation vector combining a constitutive fluorescent membrane marker with a nuclear marker that is regulated by nearby enhancer elements and use this to produce a library of enhancer trap lines for Marchantia. Screening gemmae from these lines allowed the identification and characterization of novel marker lines, including markers for rhizoids and oil cells. The library allowed the identification of a margin tissue running around the thallus edge, highlighted during thallus development. The expression of this marker is correlated with auxin levels. We generated multiple markers for the meristematic apical notch region, which have different spatial expression patterns, reappear at different times during meristem regeneration following apical notch excision and have varying responses to auxin supplementation or inhibition. This reveals that there are proximodistal substructures within the apical notch that could not be observed otherwise. We employed our markers to study Marchantia sporeling development, observing meristem emergence as defining the protonema-to-prothallus stage transition, and subsequent production of margin tissue during the prothallus stage. Exogenous auxin treatment stalls meristem emergence at the protonema stage but does not inhibit cell division, resulting in callus-like sporelings with many rhizoids, whereas pharmacologically inhibiting auxin synthesis and transport does not prevent meristem emergence. This enhancer trap system presents a useful resource for the community and will contribute to future Marchantia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan O. Marron
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Susanna Sauret‐Güeto
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- Present address:
Crop Science CentreUniversity of Cambridge93 Lawrence Weaver, RoadCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
| | - Marius Rebmann
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Linda Silvestri
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
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9
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Zhu TT, Ta H, Ni R, Hao Y, Du NH, Cheng AX, Lou HX. Functional specialization of two UDP-glycosyltransferases MpUGT735A2 and MpUGT743A1 in the liverworts Marchantia polymorpha. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2499-2511. [PMID: 37642286 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are known to glycosylate multiple secondary plant metabolites and have been extensively studied. The increased availability of plant genome resources allows the identification of wide gene families, both functional and organizational. In this investigation, two MpUGT isoforms were cloned and functionally characterized from liverworts marchantia polymorpha and had high glycosylation activity against several flavonoids. MpUGT735A2 protein, in particular, tolerates a wide spectrum of substrates (flavonols, flavanones, flavones, stilbenes, bibenzyls, dihydrochalcone, phenylpropanoids, xanthones, and isoflavones). Overexpression of MpUGT735A2 and MpUGT743A1 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances the accumulation of 3-O-glycosylated flavonol (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnose), consistent with its in vitro enzymatic activity. Docking and mutagenesis techniques were applied to identify the structural and functional properties of MpUGT735A2 with promiscuous substrates. Mutation of Pro87 to Ser, or Gln88 to Val, substantially altered the regioselectivity for luteolin glycosylation, predominantly from the 3'-O- to the 7-O-position. The results were elucidated by focusing on the novel biocatalysts designed for producing therapeutic flavonoids. This investigation provides an approach to modulate MpUGT735A2 as a candidate gene for diverse glycosylation catalysis and a tool to design GTs with new substrate specificities for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - He Ta
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ni-Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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10
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Li J, Xu S, Mei Y, Gu Y, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang J. Genomic-wide identification and expression analysis of R2R3-MYB transcription factors related to flavonol biosynthesis in Morinda officinalis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:381. [PMID: 37550611 PMCID: PMC10405574 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The R2R3-MYB transcription factors are a crucial and extensive gene family in plants, which participate in diverse processes, including development, metabolism, defense, differentiation, and stress response. In the Lingnan region of China, Morinda officinalis is extensively grown and is renowned for its use as both a medicinal herb and food source. However, there are relatively few reports on the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family in M.officinalis. RESULTS In this study, we identified 97 R2R3-MYB genes in the genome of Morinda officinalis and classified them into 32 subgroups based on phylogenetic comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana. The lack of recent whole-genome duplication events in M.officinalis may be the reason for the relatively few members of the R2R3-MYB family. We also further analyzed the physical and chemical characteristics, conserved motifs, gene structure, and chromosomal location. Gene duplication events found 21 fragment duplication pairs and five tandem duplication event R2R3-MYB genes in M.officinalis may also affect gene family expansion. Based on phylogenetic analysis, cis-element analysis, co-expression analysis and RT-qPCR, we concluded that MoMYB33 might modulate flavonol levels by regulating the expression of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase Mo4CL2, chalcone isomerase MoCHI3, and flavonol synthase MoFLS4/11/12. MoMYB33 and AtMYB111 showed the highest similarity of 79% and may be involved in flavonol synthase networks by the STRING database. Moreover, we also identified MoMYB genes that respond to methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA) stress by RT-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS This study offers a thorough comprehension of R2R3-MYB in M.officinalis, which lays the foundation for the regulation of flavonol synthesis and the response of MoMYB genes to phytohormones in M.officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shiqiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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11
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Liao J, Wei X, Tao K, Deng G, Shu J, Qiao Q, Chen G, Wei Z, Fan M, Saud S, Fahad S, Chen S. Phenoloxidases: catechol oxidase - the temporary employer and laccase - the rising star of vascular plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad102. [PMID: 37786731 PMCID: PMC10541563 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are vital for the adaptation of plants to terrestrial habitats and for species diversity. Phenoloxidases (catechol oxidases, COs, and laccases, LACs) are responsible for the oxidation and polymerization of phenolics. However, their origin, evolution, and differential roles during plant development and land colonization are unclear. We performed the phylogeny, domain, amino acids, compositional biases, and intron analyses to clarify the origin and evolution of COs and LACs, and analysed the structure, selective pressure, and chloroplast targeting to understand the species-dependent distribution of COs. We found that Streptophyta COs were not homologous to the Chlorophyta tyrosinases (TYRs), and might have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. COs expanded in bryophytes. Structural-functionality and selective pressure were partially responsible for the species-dependent retention of COs in embryophytes. LACs emerged in Zygnemaphyceae, having evolved from ascorbate oxidases (AAOs), and prevailed in the vascular plants and strongly expanded in seed plants. COs and LACs coevolved with the phenolic metabolism pathway genes. These results suggested that TYRs and AAOs were the first-stage phenoloxidases in Chlorophyta. COs might be the second key for the early land colonization. LACs were the third one (dominating in the vascular plants) and might be advantageous for diversified phenol substrates and the erect growth of plants. This work provided new insights into how phenoloxidases evolved and were devoted to plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugou Liao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, 671003, China
| | - Keliang Tao
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Gang Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jie Shu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhuo Wei
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Meihui Fan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
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Cannavò S, Bertoldi A, Valeri MC, Damiani F, Reale L, Brilli F, Paolocci F. Impact of High Light Intensity and Low Temperature on the Growth and Phenylpropanoid Profile of Azolla filiculoides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108554. [PMID: 37239901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high light intensity (HL) and cold treatment (CT) induces reddish pigmentation in Azolla filiculoides, an aquatic fern. Nevertheless, how these conditions, alone or in combination, influence Azolla growth and pigment synthesis remains to be fully elucidated. Likewise, the regulatory network underpinning the accumulation of flavonoids in ferns is still unclear. Here, we grew A. filiculoides under HL and/or CT conditions for 20 days and evaluated the biomass doubling time, relative growth rate, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigment contents, and photosynthetic efficiency by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Furthermore, from the A. filiculoides genome, we mined the homologs of MYB, bHLH, and WDR genes, which form the MBW flavonoid regulatory complex in higher plants, to investigate their expression by qRT-PCR. We report that A. filiculoides optimizes photosynthesis at lower light intensities, regardless of the temperature. In addition, we show that CT does not severely hamper Azolla growth, although it causes the onset of photoinhibition. Coupling CT with HL stimulates the accumulation of flavonoids, which likely prevents irreversible photoinhibition-induced damage. Although our data do not support the formation of MBW complexes, we identified candidate MYB and bHLH regulators of flavonoids. Overall, the present findings are of fundamental and pragmatic relevance to Azolla's biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cannavò
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnese Bertoldi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Valeri
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Damiani
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Reale
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50017 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 06128 Perugia, Italy
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13
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McCourt RM, Lewis LA, Strother PK, Delwiche CF, Wickett NJ, de Vries J, Bowman JL. Green land: Multiple perspectives on green algal evolution and the earliest land plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16175. [PMID: 37247371 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Green plants, broadly defined as green algae and the land plants (together, Viridiplantae), constitute the primary eukaryotic lineage that successfully colonized Earth's emergent landscape. Members of various clades of green plants have independently made the transition from fully aquatic to subaerial habitats many times throughout Earth's history. The transition, from unicells or simple filaments to complex multicellular plant bodies with functionally differentiated tissues and organs, was accompanied by innovations built upon a genetic and phenotypic toolkit that have served aquatic green phototrophs successfully for at least a billion years. These innovations opened an enormous array of new, drier places to live on the planet and resulted in a huge diversity of land plants that have dominated terrestrial ecosystems over the past 500 million years. This review examines the greening of the land from several perspectives, from paleontology to phylogenomics, to water stress responses and the genetic toolkit shared by green algae and plants, to the genomic evolution of the sporophyte generation. We summarize advances on disparate fronts in elucidating this important event in the evolution of the biosphere and the lacunae in our understanding of it. We present the process not as a step-by-step advancement from primitive green cells to an inevitable success of embryophytes, but rather as a process of adaptations and exaptations that allowed multiple clades of green plants, with various combinations of morphological and physiological terrestrialized traits, to become diverse and successful inhabitants of the land habitats of Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M McCourt
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19118, USA
| | - Louise A Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Paul K Strother
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College Weston Observatory, 381 Concord Road, Weston, MA, 02493, USA
| | - Charles F Delwiche
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Norman J Wickett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jan de Vries
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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14
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Luan Y, Chen Z, Tang Y, Sun J, Meng J, Tao J, Zhao D. Tree peony PsMYB44 negatively regulates petal blotch distribution by inhibiting dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene expression. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:323-334. [PMID: 36534917 PMCID: PMC9992934 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) has been widely cultivated as a field plant, and petal blotch is one of its important traits, which not only promotes proliferation but also confers high ornamental value. However, the regulatory network controlling blotch formation remains elusive owing to the functional differences and limited conservation of transcriptional regulators in dicots. METHODS We performed phylogenetic analysis to identify MYB44-like transcription factors in P. suffruticosa blotched cultivar 'High noon' petals. A candidate MYB44-like transcription factor, PsMYB44, was analysed via expression pattern analysis, subcellular localization, target gene identification, gene silencing in P. suffruticosa petals and heterologous overexpression in tobacco. KEY RESULTS A blotch formation-related MYB44-like transcription factor, PsMYB44, was cloned. The C-terminal of the PsMYB44 amino acid sequence had a complete C2 motif that affects anthocyanin biosynthesis, and PsMYB44 was clustered in the MYB44-like transcriptional repressor branch. PsMYB44 was located in the nucleus, and its spatial and temporal expression patterns were negatively correlated with blotch formation. Furthermore, a yeast one-hybrid assay showed that PsMYB44 could target the promoter of the late anthocyanin biosynthesis-related dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) gene, and a dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that PsMYB44 could repress PsDFR promoter activity. On the one hand, overexpression of PsMYB44 significantly faded the red colour of tobacco flowers and decreased the anthocyanin content by 42.3 % by downregulating the expression level of the tobacco NtDFR gene. On the other hand, PsMYB44-silenced P. suffruticosa petals had a redder blotch colour, which was attributed to the fact that silencing PsMYB44 redirected metabolic flux to the anthocyanin biosynthesis branch, thereby promoting more anthocyanin accumulation in the petal base. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PsMYB44 negatively regulated the biosynthesis of anthocyanin by directly binding to the PsDFR promoter and subsequently inhibiting blotch formation, which helped to elucidate the molecular regulatory network of anthocyanin-mediated blotch formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zijie Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiasong Meng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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15
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Liang Y, Heyman J, Lu R, De Veylder L. Evolution of wound-activated regeneration pathways in the plant kingdom. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151291. [PMID: 36709604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration serves as a self-protective mechanism that allows a tissue or organ to recover its entire form and function after suffering damage. However, the regenerative capacity varies greatly within the plant kingdom. Primitive plants frequently display an amazing regenerative ability as they have developed a complex system and strategy for long-term survival under extreme stress conditions. The regenerative ability of dicot species is highly variable, but that of monocots often exhibits extreme recalcitrance to tissue replenishment. Recent studies have revealed key factors and signals that affect cell fate during plant regeneration, some of which are conserved among the plant lineage. Among these, several members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors have been implicated in wound signaling, playing crucial roles in the regenerative mechanisms after different types of wounding. An understanding of plant regeneration may ultimately lead to an increased regenerative potential of recalcitrant species, producing more high-yielding, multi-resistant and environmentally friendly crops and ensuring the long-term development of global agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanke Liang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.
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16
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Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
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Zhu TT, Sun CJ, Liu XY, Zhang JZ, Hou XB, Ni R, Zhang J, Cheng AX, Lou HX. Interaction of PKR with STCS1: an indispensable step in the biosynthesis of lunularic acid in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:515-531. [PMID: 36062450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unlike bibenzyls derived from the vascular plants, lunularic acid (LA), a key precursor for macrocyclic bisbibenzyl synthesis in nonvascular liverworts, exhibits the absence of one hydroxy group within the A ring. It was hypothesized that both polyketide reductase (PKR) and stilbenecarboxylate synthase 1 (STCS1) were involved in the LA biosynthesis, but the underlined mechanisms have not been clarified. This study used bioinformatics analysis with molecular, biochemical and physiological approaches to characterize STCS1s and PKRs involved in the biosynthesis of LA. The results indicated that MpSTCS1s from Marchantia polymorpha catalyzed both C2→C7 aldol-type and C6→C1 Claisen-type cyclization using dihydro-p-coumaroyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA as substrates to yield a C6-C2-C6 skeleton of dihydro-resveratrol following decarboxylation and the C6-C3-C6 type of phloretin in vitro. The protein-protein interaction of PKRs with STCS1 (PPI-PS) was revealed and proved essential for LA accumulation when transiently co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, replacement of the active domain of STCS1 with an 18-amino-acid fragment from the chalcone synthase led to the PPI-PS greatly decreasing and diminishing the formation of LA. The replacement also increased the chalcone formation in STCS1s. Our results highlight a previously unrecognized PPI in planta that is indispensable for the formation of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chun-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xu-Ben Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Yu L, Chen Q, Zheng J, Xu F, Ye J, Zhang W, Liao Y, Yang X. Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the TCP transcription factor family in Ginkgo biloba. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:1994248. [PMID: 35068346 PMCID: PMC9176236 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1994248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific TCP transcription factors play an essential role in plant growth and development. They can regulate leaf curvature, flower symmetry and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaf are one of the main medicinally bioactivate compounds, which have pharmacological and beneficial health effects for humans. In this study, a total of 13 TCP genes were identified in G. biloba, and 5 of them belonged to PCF subclades (GbTCP03, GbTCP07, GbTCP05, GbTCP13, GbTCP02) while others belonged to CIN (GbTCP01, GbTCP04, GbTCP06, GbTCP08, GbTCP09, GbTCP10, GbTCP11, GbTCP12) subclades according to phylogenetic analysis. Numerous cis-acting elements related to various biotic and abiotic signals were predicted on the promoters by cis-element analysis, suggesting that the expression of GbTCPs might be co-regulated by multiple signals. Transcript abundance analysis exhibited that most of GbTCPs responded to multiple phytohormones. Among them, the relative expression levels of GbTCP06, GbTCP11, and GbTCP13 were found to be significantly influenced by exogenous ABA, SA and MeJA application. In addition, a total of 126 miRNAs were predicted to target 9 TCPs (including GbTCP01, GbTCP02, GbTCP04, GbTCP05, GbTCP06, GbTCP08, GbTCP11, GbTCP12, GbTCP13). The correlation analysis between the expression level of GbTCPs and the flavonoid contents showed that GbTCP03, GbTCP04, GbTCP07 might involve in flavonoid biosynthesis in G. biloba. In short, this study mainly provided a theoretical foundation for better understanding the potential function of TCPs in G. biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiangwen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiarui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- CONTACT Feng Xu
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jiabao Ye College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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19
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Wu TY, Krishnamoorthi S, Boonyaves K, Al-Darabsah I, Leong R, Jones AM, Ishizaki K, Liao KL, Urano D. G protein controls stress readiness by modulating transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1889-1907. [PMID: 36321200 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The core G protein signaling module, which consists of Gα and extra-large Gα (XLG) subunits coupled with the Gβγ dimer, is a master regulator of various stress responses. In this study, we compared the basal and salt stress-induced transcriptomic, metabolomic and phenotypic profiles in Gα, Gβ, and XLG-null mutants of two plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Marchantia polymorpha, and showed that G protein mediates the shift of transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis to stress readiness status. We demonstrated that such stress readiness serves as an intrinsic protection mechanism against further stressors through enhancing the phenylpropanoid pathway and abscisic acid responses. Furthermore, WRKY transcription factors were identified as key intermediates of G protein-mediated homeostatic shifts. Statistical and mathematical model comparisons between A. thaliana and M. polymorpha revealed evolutionary conservation of transcriptional and metabolic networks over land plant evolution, whereas divergence has occurred in the function of plant-specific atypical XLG subunit. Taken together, our results indicate that the shifts in transcriptional and metabolic homeostasis at least partially act as the mechanisms of G protein-coupled stress responses that are conserved between two distantly related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ying Wu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Kulaporn Boonyaves
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isam Al-Darabsah
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Richalynn Leong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Alan M Jones
- Departments of Biology and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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20
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Bowman JL. The origin of a land flora. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1352-1369. [PMID: 36550365 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The origin of a land flora fundamentally shifted the course of evolution of life on earth, facilitating terrestrialization of other eukaryotic lineages and altering the planet's geology, from changing atmospheric and hydrological cycles to transforming continental erosion processes. Despite algal lineages inhabiting the terrestrial environment for a considerable preceding period, they failed to evolve complex multicellularity necessary to conquer the land. About 470 million years ago, one lineage of charophycean alga evolved complex multicellularity via developmental innovations in both haploid and diploid generations and became land plants (embryophytes), which rapidly diversified to dominate most terrestrial habitats. Genome sequences have provided unprecedented insights into the genetic and genomic bases for embryophyte origins, with some embryophyte-specific genes being associated with the evolution of key developmental or physiological attributes, such as meristems, rhizoids and the ability to form mycorrhizal associations. However, based on the fossil record, the evolution of the defining feature of embryophytes, the embryo, and consequently the sporangium that provided a reproductive advantage, may have been most critical in their rise to dominance. The long timeframe and singularity of a land flora were perhaps due to the stepwise assembly of a large constellation of genetic innovations required to conquer the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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21
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Audah KA, Ettin J, Darmadi J, Azizah NN, Anisa AS, Hermawan TDF, Tjampakasari CR, Heryanto R, Ismail IS, Batubara I. Indonesian Mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris Leaves Ethanol Extract Is a Potential Super Antioxidant and Anti Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Drug. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238369. [PMID: 36500458 PMCID: PMC9735687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an S. aureus strain that has developed resistance against ß-lactam antibiotics, resulting in a scarcity of a potent cure for treating Staphylococcus infections. In this study, the anti-MRSA and antioxidant activity of the Indonesian mangrove species Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora apiculata were studied. Disk diffusion, DPPH, a brine shrimp lethality test, and total phenolic and flavonoid assays were conducted. Results showed that among the tested mangroves, ethanol solvent-based S. caseolaris leaves extract had the highest antioxidant and anti-MRSA activities. An antioxidant activity assay showed comparable activity when compared to ascorbic acid, with an IC50 value of 4.2499 ± 3.0506 ppm and 5.2456 ± 0.5937 ppm, respectively, classifying the extract as a super-antioxidant. Moreover, S. caseolaris leaves extract showed the highest content of strongly associated antioxidative and antibacterial polyphenols, with 12.4% consisting of nontoxic flavonoids with the minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol-based S. caseolaris leaves extract being approximately 5000 ppm. LC-MS/MS results showed that phenolic compounds such as azelaic acid and aspirin were found, as well as flavonoid glucosides such as isovitexin and quercitrin. This strongly suggested that these compounds greatly contributed to antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Further research is needed to elucidate the interaction of the main compounds in S. caseolaris leaves extract in order to confirm their potential either as single or two or more compounds that synergistically function as a nontoxic antioxidant and antibacterial against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholis Abdurachim Audah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swiss German University, Tangerang 15143, Indonesia
- Directorate of Academic Research and Community Service, Swiss German University, Tangerang 15143, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-212-9779-596
| | - Jufendi Ettin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swiss German University, Tangerang 15143, Indonesia
| | - Jason Darmadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swiss German University, Tangerang 15143, Indonesia
| | - Norma Nur Azizah
- Drug Development Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Amalda Siti Anisa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swiss German University, Tangerang 15143, Indonesia
| | | | - Conny Riana Tjampakasari
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Heryanto
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Irmanida Batubara
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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22
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Davies KM, Landi M, van Klink JW, Schwinn KE, Brummell DA, Albert NW, Chagné D, Jibran R, Kulshrestha S, Zhou Y, Bowman JL. Evolution and function of red pigmentation in land plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:613-636. [PMID: 36070407 PMCID: PMC9670752 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Land plants commonly produce red pigmentation as a response to environmental stressors, both abiotic and biotic. The type of pigment produced varies among different land plant lineages. In the majority of species they are flavonoids, a large branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Flavonoids that can confer red colours include 3-hydroxyanthocyanins, 3-deoxyanthocyanins, sphagnorubins and auronidins, which are the predominant red pigments in flowering plants, ferns, mosses and liverworts, respectively. However, some flowering plants have lost the capacity for anthocyanin biosynthesis and produce nitrogen-containing betalain pigments instead. Some terrestrial algal species also produce red pigmentation as an abiotic stress response, and these include both carotenoid and phenolic pigments. SCOPE In this review, we examine: which environmental triggers induce red pigmentation in non-reproductive tissues; theories on the functions of stress-induced pigmentation; the evolution of the biosynthetic pathways; and structure-function aspects of different pigment types. We also compare data on stress-induced pigmentation in land plants with those for terrestrial algae, and discuss possible explanations for the lack of red pigmentation in the hornwort lineage of land plants. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that pigment biosynthetic pathways have evolved numerous times in land plants to provide compounds that have red colour to screen damaging photosynthetically active radiation but that also have secondary functions that provide specific benefits to the particular land plant lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - John W van Klink
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Samarth Kulshrestha
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Bharadwaj PS, Sanchez L, Li D, Enyi D, Van de Poel B, Chang C. The plant hormone ethylene promotes abiotic stress tolerance in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998267. [PMID: 36340412 PMCID: PMC9632724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often faced with an array of adverse environmental conditions and must respond appropriately to grow and develop. In angiosperms, the plant hormone ethylene is known to play a protective role in responses to abiotic stress. Here we investigated whether ethylene mediates resistance to abiotic stress in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, one of the most distant land plant relatives of angiosperms. Using existing M. polymorpha knockout mutants of Mpein3, and Mpctr1, two genes in the ethylene signaling pathway, we examined responses to heat, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and continuous far-red light. The Mpein3 and Mpctr1 mutants were previously shown to confer ethylene insensitivity and constitutive ethylene responses, respectively. Using mild or sub-lethal doses of each stress treatment, we found that Mpctr1 mutants displayed stress resilience similar to or greater than the wild type. In contrast, Mpein3 mutants showed less resilience than the wild type. Consistent with ethylene being a stress hormone, we demonstrated that ethylene production is enhanced by each stress treatment. These results suggest that ethylene plays a role in protecting against abiotic stress in M. polymorpha, and that ethylene has likely been conserved as a stress hormone since before the evolutionary divergence of bryophytes from the land plant lineage approximately 450 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Bharadwaj
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lizbeth Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Divine Enyi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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24
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Bowman JL, Arteaga-Vazquez M, Berger F, Briginshaw LN, Carella P, Aguilar-Cruz A, Davies KM, Dierschke T, Dolan L, Dorantes-Acosta AE, Fisher TJ, Flores-Sandoval E, Futagami K, Ishizaki K, Jibran R, Kanazawa T, Kato H, Kohchi T, Levins J, Lin SS, Nakagami H, Nishihama R, Romani F, Schornack S, Tanizawa Y, Tsuzuki M, Ueda T, Watanabe Y, Yamato KT, Zachgo S. The renaissance and enlightenment of Marchantia as a model system. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3512-3542. [PMID: 35976122 PMCID: PMC9516144 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has been utilized as a model for biological studies since the 18th century. In the past few decades, there has been a Renaissance in its utilization in genomic and genetic approaches to investigating physiological, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of land plant biology. The reasons for its adoption are similar to those of other genetic models, e.g. simple cultivation, ready access via its worldwide distribution, ease of crossing, facile genetics, and more recently, efficient transformation, genome editing, and genomic resources. The haploid gametophyte dominant life cycle of M. polymorpha is conducive to forward genetic approaches. The lack of ancient whole-genome duplications within liverworts facilitates reverse genetic approaches, and possibly related to this genomic stability, liverworts possess sex chromosomes that evolved in the ancestral liverwort. As a representative of one of the three bryophyte lineages, its phylogenetic position allows comparative approaches to provide insights into ancestral land plants. Given the karyotype and genome stability within liverworts, the resources developed for M. polymorpha have facilitated the development of related species as models for biological processes lacking in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Arteaga-Vazquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Frederic Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Liam N Briginshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Carella
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Adolfo Aguilar-Cruz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tom Dierschke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Liam Dolan
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ana E Dorantes-Acosta
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa VER 91090, México
| | - Tom J Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Eduardo Flores-Sandoval
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kazutaka Futagami
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jonathan Levins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Facundo Romani
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Yasuhiro Tanizawa
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuzuki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Division of Botany, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
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25
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Fang T, Zhou S, Qian C, Yan X, Yin X, Fan X, Zhao P, Liao Y, Shi L, Chang Y, Ma XF. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics insights on flavonoid biosynthesis of a medicinal functional forage, Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.), based on a common garden trial covering six ecotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985572. [PMID: 36204072 PMCID: PMC9530573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq., well known as sandrice, is an important wild forage in sandy areas and a promising edible and medicinal resource plant with great domestication potential. Previous studies showed flavonoids are one of the most abundant medicinal ingredients in sandrice, whereby isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin-3-glycoside were the top two flavonols with multiple health benefits. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids in sandrice remain largely unclear. Based on a common garden trial, in this study, an integrated transcriptomic and flavonoids-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on the vegetative and reproductive periods of six sandrice ecotypes, whose original habitats covered a variety of environmental factor gradients. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis unveiled that flavonoid accumulation in sandrice was positively correlated with temperature and UVB and negatively affected by precipitation and sunshine duration, respectively. Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated the bHLH and MYB transcription factor (TF) families might play key roles in sandrice flavonoid biosynthesis regulation. A total of 22,778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between ecotype DL and ecotype AEX, the two extremes in most environmental factors, whereby 85 DEGs could be related to known flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. A sandrice flavonoid biosynthesis network embracing the detected 23 flavonoids in this research was constructed. Gene families Plant flavonoid O-methyltransferase (AsPFOMT) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (AsUGT78D2) were identified and characterized on the transcriptional level and believed to be synthases of isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin-3-glycoside in sandrice, respectively. A trade-off between biosynthesis of rutin and isorhamnetin was found in the DL ecotype, which might be due to the metabolic flux redirection when facing environmental changes. This research provides valuable information for understanding flavonoid biosynthesis in sandrice at the molecular level and laid the foundation for precise development and utilization of this functional resource forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhou Fang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Science and Technology, Jincheng, China
| | - Chaoju Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Marsgreen Biotech Jiangsu Co., Ltd., Haian, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingke Fan
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengshu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Marsgreen Biotech Jiangsu Co., Ltd., Haian, China
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26
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Grau J, Franco‐Zorrilla JM. TDTHub, a web server tool for the analysis of transcription factor binding sites in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1203-1215. [PMID: 35713985 PMCID: PMC9541588 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation underlies most developmental programs and physiological responses to environmental changes in plants. Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in the regulation of gene expression by binding specifically to short DNA sequences in the regulatory regions of genes: the TF binding sites (TFBSs). In recent years, several bioinformatic tools have been developed to detect TFBSs in candidate genes, either by de novo prediction or by directly mapping experimentally known TFBSs. However, most of these tools contain information for only a few species or require multi-step procedures, and are not always intuitive for non-experienced researchers. Here we present TFBS-Discovery Tool Hub (TDTHub), a web server for quick and intuitive studies of transcriptional regulation in plants. TDTHub uses pre-computed TFBSs in 40 plant species and allows the choice of two mapping algorithms, providing a higher versatility. Besides the main TFBS enrichment tool, TDTHub includes additional tools to assist in the analysis and visualization of data. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of TDTHub, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. We also analyzed the transcriptional cascades in response to jasmonate and wounding in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), respectively. In these studies, TDTHub helped to verify the most relevant TF nodes and to propose new ones with a prominent role in these pathways. TDTHub is available at http://acrab.cnb.csic.es/TDTHub/, and it will be periodically upgraded and expanded for new species and gene annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Grau
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de BiotecnologíaCNB‐CSIC, C/Darwin 328049MadridSpain
| | - José M. Franco‐Zorrilla
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de BiotecnologíaCNB‐CSIC, C/Darwin 328049MadridSpain
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27
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Reboledo G, Agorio A, Ponce De León I. Moss transcription factors regulating development and defense responses to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4546-4561. [PMID: 35167679 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors control gene expression, leading to regulation of biological processes that determine plant development and adaptation to the environment. Land colonization by plants occurred 450-470 million years ago and was accompanied by an increase in the complexity of transcriptional regulation associated to transcription factor gene expansions. AP2/ERF, bHLH, MYB, NAC, GRAS, and WRKY transcription factor families increased in land plants compared with algae. In angiosperms, they play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and responses to environmental stressors. However, less information is available in bryophytes and only in a few cases is the functional role of moss transcription factors in stress mechanisms known. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the transcription factor families involved in development and defense responses to stress in mosses and other bryophytes. By exploring and analysing the Physcomitrium patens public database and published transcriptional profiles, we show that a high number of AP2/ERF, bHLH, MYB, NAC, GRAS, and WRKY genes are differentially expressed in response to abiotic stresses and during biotic interactions. Expression profiles together with a comprehensive analysis provide insights into relevant transcription factors involved in moss defenses, and hint at distinct and conserved biological roles between bryophytes and angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reboledo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Astrid Agorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce De León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kulshrestha S, Jibran R, van Klink JW, Zhou Y, Brummell DA, Albert NW, Schwinn KE, Chagné D, Landi M, Bowman JL, Davies KM. Stress, senescence, and specialized metabolites in bryophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4396-4411. [PMID: 35259256 PMCID: PMC9291361 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Life on land exposes plants to varied abiotic and biotic environmental stresses. These environmental drivers contributed to a large expansion of metabolic capabilities during land plant evolution and species diversification. In this review we summarize knowledge on how the specialized metabolite pathways of bryophytes may contribute to stress tolerance capabilities. Bryophytes are the non-tracheophyte land plant group (comprising the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses) and rapidly diversified following the colonization of land. Mosses and liverworts have as wide a distribution as flowering plants with regard to available environments, able to grow in polar regions through to hot desert landscapes. Yet in contrast to flowering plants, for which the biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulation, and compound function of stress tolerance-related metabolite pathways have been extensively characterized, it is only recently that similar data have become available for bryophytes. The bryophyte data are compared with those available for angiosperms, including examining how the differing plant forms of bryophytes and angiosperms may influence specialized metabolite diversity and function. The involvement of stress-induced specialized metabolites in senescence and nutrient response pathways is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kulshrestha
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John W van Klink
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Briginshaw LN, Flores‐Sandoval E, Dierschke T, Alvarez JP, Bowman JL. KANADI promotes thallus differentiation and FR-induced gametangiophore formation in the liverwort Marchantia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1377-1393. [PMID: 35181887 PMCID: PMC9311212 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, KANADI transcription factors have roles in the sporophyte generation regulating tissue polarity, organogenesis and shade avoidance responses, but are not required during the gametophyte generation. Whether these roles are conserved in the gametophyte-dominant bryophyte lineages is unknown, which we examined by characterising the sole KANADI ortholog, MpKAN, in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. In contrast to angiosperm orthologs, MpKAN functions in the gametophyte generation in Marchantia, where it regulates apical branching and tissue differentiation, but does not influence tissue polarity in either generation. MpKAN can partially rescue the sporophyte polarity defects of kanadi mutants in Arabidopsis, indicating that MpKAN has conserved biochemical activity to its angiosperm counterparts. Mpkan loss-of-function plants display defects in far-red (FR) light responses. Mpkan plants have reduced FR-induced growth tropisms, have a delayed transition to sexual reproduction and fail to correctly form gametangiophores. Our results indicate that MpKAN is a modulator of FR responses, which may reflect a conserved role for KANADI across land plants. Under FR, MpKAN negatively regulates MpDELLA expression, suggesting that MpKAN and MpDELLA act in a pathway regulating FR responses, placing MpKAN in a gene regulatory network exhibiting similarities with those of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam N. Briginshaw
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityWellington RdClayton, MelbourneVic.3800Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureMonash UniversityWellington RdMelbourneVic.3800Australia
| | - Eduardo Flores‐Sandoval
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityWellington RdClayton, MelbourneVic.3800Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureMonash UniversityWellington RdMelbourneVic.3800Australia
| | - Tom Dierschke
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityWellington RdClayton, MelbourneVic.3800Australia
| | - John P. Alvarez
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityWellington RdClayton, MelbourneVic.3800Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureMonash UniversityWellington RdMelbourneVic.3800Australia
| | - John L. Bowman
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityWellington RdClayton, MelbourneVic.3800Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureMonash UniversityWellington RdMelbourneVic.3800Australia
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30
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Pucker B, Selmar D. Biochemistry and Molecular Basis of Intracellular Flavonoid Transport in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070963. [PMID: 35406945 PMCID: PMC9002769 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a biochemically diverse group of specialized metabolites in plants that are derived from phenylalanine. While the biosynthesis of the flavonoid aglycone is highly conserved across species and well characterized, numerous species-specific decoration steps and their relevance remained largely unexplored. The flavonoid biosynthesis takes place at the cytosolic side of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), but accumulation of various flavonoids was observed in the central vacuole. A universal explanation for the subcellular transport of flavonoids has eluded researchers for decades. Current knowledge suggests that a glutathione S-transferase-like protein (ligandin) protects anthocyanins and potentially proanthocyanidin precursors during the transport to the central vacuole. ABCC transporters and to a lower extend MATE transporters sequester anthocyanins into the vacuole. Glycosides of specific proanthocyanidin precursors are sequestered through MATE transporters. A P-ATPase in the tonoplast and potentially other proteins generate the proton gradient that is required for the MATE-mediated antiport. Vesicle-mediated transport of flavonoids from the ER to the vacuole is considered as an alternative or additional route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boas Pucker
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
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Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has been known to man for millennia due to its inclusion Greek herbals. Perhaps due to its familiarity and association with growth in, often, man-made disturbed habitats, it was readily used to address fundamental biological questions of the day, including elucidation of land plant life cycles in the late 18th century, the formulation of cell theory early in the 19th century and the discovery of the alternation of generations in land plants in the mid-19th century. Subsequently, Marchantia was used as model in botany classes. With the arrival of the molecular era, its organellar genomes, the chloroplast and mitochondrial, were some of the first to be sequenced from any plant. In the past two decades, molecular genetic tools have been applied such that genes may be manipulated seemingly at will. Here, are past, present, and some views to the future of Marchantia as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Soriano G, Kneeshaw S, Jimenez-Aleman G, Zamarreño ÁM, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Rey-Stolle MF, Barbas C, García-Mina JM, Solano R. An evolutionarily ancient fatty acid desaturase is required for the synthesis of hexadecatrienoic acid, which is the main source of the bioactive jasmonate in Marchantia polymorpha. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1401-1413. [PMID: 34846752 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are fatty acid-derived hormones that regulate multiple aspects of plant development, growth and stress responses. Bioactive jasmonates, defined as the ligands of the conserved COI1 receptor, differ between vascular plants and bryophytes (jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and dinor-12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA), respectively). The biosynthetic pathways of JA-Ile in the model vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been elucidated. However, the details of dn-OPDA biosynthesis in bryophytes are still unclear. Here, we identify an orthologue of Arabidopsis fatty-acid-desaturase 5 (AtFAD5) in the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and show that FAD5 function is ancient and conserved between species separated by more than 450 million years (Myr) of independent evolution. Similar to AtFAD5, MpFAD5 is required for the synthesis of 7Z-hexadecenoic acid. Consequently, in Mpfad5 mutants, the hexadecanoid pathway is blocked, dn-OPDA concentrations are almost completely depleted and normal chloroplast development is impaired. Our results demonstrate that the main source of wounding-induced dn-OPDA in Marchantia is the hexadecanoid pathway and the contribution of the octadecanoid pathway (i.e. from OPDA) is minimal. Remarkably, despite extremely low concentrations of dn-OPDA, MpCOI1-mediated responses to wounding and insect feeding can still be activated in Mpfad5, suggesting that dn-OPDA may not be the only bioactive jasmonate and COI1 ligand in Marchantia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Soriano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño (La Rioja), 26006, Spain
| | - Sophie Kneeshaw
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Guillermo Jimenez-Aleman
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Ángel M Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Navarra, 31008, Spain
| | - José Manuel Franco-Zorrilla
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Mª Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain
| | - Jose M García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Navarra, 31008, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Liu S, Fang S, Cong B, Li T, Yi D, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhang P. The Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans Genome Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Bryophytes and the Adaptation to Extreme Terrestrial Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920138. [PMID: 35783932 PMCID: PMC9247546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic continent has extreme natural environment and fragile ecosystem. Mosses are one of the dominant floras in the Antarctic continent. However, their genomic features and adaptation processes to extreme environments remain poorly understood. Here, we assembled the high-quality genome sequence of the Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) with 698.20 Mb and 22 chromosomes. We found that the high proportion of repeat sequences and a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) contribute to the large size genome of P. nutans when compared to other bryophytes. The genome of P. nutans harbors the signatures of massive segmental gene duplications and large expansions of gene families, likely facilitating neofunctionalization. Genomic characteristics that may support the Antarctic lifestyle of this moss comprise expanded gene families involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Additional contributions include the significant expansion and upregulation of several genes encoding DNA photolyase, antioxidant enzymes, flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes, possibly reflecting diverse adaptive strategies. Notably, integrated multi-omic analyses elucidate flavonoid biosynthesis may function as the reactive oxygen species detoxification under UV-B radiation. Our studies provide insight into the unique features of the Antarctic moss genome and their molecular responses to extreme terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Zhao,
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Pengying Zhang,
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Wang H, Liu S, Fan F, Yu Q, Zhang P. A Moss 2-Oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-Dependent Dioxygenases (2-ODD) Gene of Flavonoids Biosynthesis Positively Regulates Plants Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850062. [PMID: 35968129 PMCID: PMC9372559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, the largest group of polyphenolic secondary metabolites present in all land plants, play essential roles in many biological processes and defense against abiotic stresses. In the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, flavones synthase I (FNSI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) all belong to 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) family, which catalyzes the critical oxidative reactions to form different flavonoid subgroups. Here, a novel 2-ODD gene was cloned from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans (Pn2-ODD1) and its functions were investigated both in two model plants, Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 increased the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the transgenic P. patens and Arabidopsis with expressing Pn2-ODD1 exhibited enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stresses, with larger gametophyte sizes, better seed germination, and longer root growth. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 in Arabidopsis also conferred the tolerance to UV-B radiation and oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant capacity. Therefore, we showed that Pn2-ODD1 participated in the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in transgenic plants, and regulated the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, contributing to the adaptation of P. nutans to the polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Fan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Pengying Zhang
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Reboledo G, Agorio AD, Vignale L, Batista-García RA, Ponce De León I. Transcriptional profiling reveals conserved and species-specific plant defense responses during the interaction of Physcomitrium patens with Botrytis cinerea. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:365-385. [PMID: 33521880 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary conserved defense mechanisms present in extant bryophytes and angiosperms, as well as moss-specific defenses are part of the immune response of Physcomitrium patens. Bryophytes and tracheophytes are descendants of early land plants that evolved adaptation mechanisms to cope with different kinds of terrestrial stresses, including drought, variations in temperature and UV radiation, as well as defense mechanisms against microorganisms present in the air and soil. Although great advances have been made on pathogen perception and subsequent defense activation in angiosperms, limited information is available in bryophytes. In this study, a transcriptomic approach uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense response of the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens (previously Physcomitrella patens) against the important plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. A total of 3.072 differentially expressed genes were significantly affected during B. cinerea infection, including genes encoding proteins with known functions in angiosperm immunity and involved in pathogen perception, signaling, transcription, hormonal signaling, metabolic pathways such as shikimate and phenylpropanoid, and proteins with diverse role in defense against biotic stress. Similarly as in other plants, B. cinerea infection leads to downregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and cell cycle progression. These results highlight the existence of evolutionary conserved defense responses to pathogens throughout the green plant lineage, suggesting that they were probably present in the common ancestors of land plants. Moreover, several genes acquired by horizontal transfer from prokaryotes and fungi, and a high number of P. patens-specific orphan genes were differentially expressed during B. cinerea infection, suggesting that they are important players in the moss immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reboledo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Astri D Agorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Vignale
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Inés Ponce De León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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PtrMYB3, a R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor from Poncirus trifoliata, Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance and Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091388. [PMID: 34573020 PMCID: PMC8466168 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are widely present in plants and play significant roles in abiotic stresses. However, most MYB genes have not been identified in plants and their functions in abiotic stresses are still unknown. In this study, one MYB gene, designated as PtrMYB3, was cloned from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), and its function in salt tolerance was investigated. PtrMYB3 contains a conserved R2R3-MYB domain, which is the typical property of R2R3-MYB subfamily proteins. Expression profiling under abiotic stresses indicated that PtrMYB3 could be induced by salt, dehydration and cold stresses. PtrMYB3 was found to be localized to the nucleus and possessed transactivation activity. Overexpression of PtrMYB3 by genetic transformation in tobacco impaired its salt tolerance, whereas silencing of PtrMYB3 by VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) in trifoliate orange conferred significantly enhanced salt tolerance, indicating that PtrMYB3 negatively regulates salt tolerance. Furthermore, a peroxidase gene (PtrPOD) was found to be greatly upregulated in PtrMYB3-silenced trifoliate orange, and a dual LUC (luciferase) assay confirmed that PtrMYB3 could suppress the expression of PtrPOD. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in PtrMYB3 transgenic tobacco plants after salt stress was higher than the wild type (WT), further confirming that overexpression of PtrMYB3 inhibited PtrPOD-mediated H2O2 scavenging. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PtrMYB3 negatively regulates salt tolerance, at least in part, due to the excess accumulation of H2O2.
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Hu Y, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Niu S, Wang X, Li W, Zhang J, Yao Y. The MdMYB16/MdMYB1-miR7125-MdCCR module regulates the homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis during light induction in apple. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1105-1122. [PMID: 33908060 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light induces anthocyanin accumulation and hence decides the coloration of apple fruit. It also plays a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. However, the crosstalk between anthocyanin and lignin metabolism during light induction, which affects the edible quality and visual quality of apple fruit, respectively, have rarely been characterized. In this study, we identified and functionally elucidated the roles of miR7125 and its target, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase gene (CCR), in regulating the homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis during light induction. Overexpressing miR7125 or inhibiting CCR transiently in apple fruit promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis but reduced lignin production under light-induced conditions. Consistently, opposite results were observed under the background of repressed miR7125 or overexpressed CCR. We found that the repressor MdMYB16 and the activator MdMYB1 bound to the miR7125 promoter. Transient repression of MdMYB16 upregulated miR7125 expression significantly, accompanied by decreased levels of MdCCR transcript, resulting in a reduction in the lignin biosynthesis and an increase in anthocyanin accumulation. However, transient overexpression of MdMYB16 produced the opposite effects to MdMYB16-RNAi. The results reveal a novel mechanism by which the MdMYB16/MdMYB1-miR7125-MdCCR module collaboratively regulates homeostasis between anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis under light induction in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuqing Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xingsui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing, 102206, China
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LaFountain AM, Yuan YW. Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:933-949. [PMID: 33864686 PMCID: PMC8764531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to allow proper localization, timing, and optimal intensity of pigment deposition. While it is well-established that the committed steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis are activated by a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) protein complex in virtually all flowering plants, anthocyanin repression seems to be achieved by a wide variety of protein and small RNA families that function in different tissue types and in response to different developmental, environmental, and hormonal cues. In this review, we survey recent progress in the identification of anthocyanin repressors and the characterization of their molecular mechanisms. We find that these seemingly very different repression modules act through a remarkably similar logic, the so-called 'double-negative logic'. Much of the double-negative regulation of anthocyanin production involves signal-induced degradation or sequestration of the repressors from the MBW protein complex. We discuss the functional and evolutionary advantages of this logic design compared with simple or sequential positive regulation. These advantages provide a plausible explanation as to why plants have evolved so many anthocyanin repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
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Zhou S, Yan X, Yang J, Qian C, Yin X, Fan X, Fang T, Gao Y, Chang Y, Liu W, Ma XF. Variations in Flavonoid Metabolites Along Altitudinal Gradient in a Desert Medicinal Plant Agriophyllum squarrosum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683265. [PMID: 34354722 PMCID: PMC8329721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq., a pioneer plant endemic to the temperate deserts of Asia, could be domesticated into an ideal crop with outstanding ecological and medicinal characteristics. A previous study showed differential flavonoid accumulation between two in situ altitudinal ecotypes. To verify whether this accumulation was determined by environmental or genetic factors, we conducted flavonoid-targeted metabolic profiling among 14 populations of A. squarrosum collected from regions with different altitudes based on a common garden experiment. Results showed that the most abundant flavonoid in A. squarrosum was isorhamnetin (48.40%, 557.45 μg/g), followed by quercetin (13.04%, 150.15 μg/g), tricin (11.17%, 128.70 μg/g), isoquercitrin (7.59%, 87.42 μg/g), isovitexin (7.20%, 82.94 μg/g), and rutin (7.00%, 80.62 μg/g). However, based on a common garden at middle-altitude environment, almost none of the flavonoids was enriched in the high-altitude populations, and even some flavonoids, such as quercetin, tricin, and rutin, were significantly enriched in low-altitude populations. This phenomenon indicated that the accumulation of flavonoids was not a result of local adaptation to high altitude. Furthermore, association analysis with in situ environmental variables showed that the contents of quercetin, tricin, and rutin were strongly positively correlated with latitude, longitude, and precipitation gradients and negatively correlated with temperature gradients. Thus, we could conclude that the accumulations of flavonoids in A. squarrosum were more likely as a result of local adaption to environmental heterogeneity combined with precipitation and temperature other than high altitude. This study not only provides an example to understand the molecular ecological basis of pharmacognosy, but also supplies methodologies for developing a new industrial crop with ecological and agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoju Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingke Fan
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingzhou Fang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Zhongnong Haidao (Shenzhen) Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Romani F, Moreno JE. Molecular mechanisms involved in functional macroevolution of plant transcription factors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1345-1353. [PMID: 33368298 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are key components of the transcriptional regulation machinery. In plants, they accompanied the evolution from unicellular aquatic algae to complex flowering plants that dominate the land environment. The adaptations of the body plan and physiological responses required changes in the biological functions of TFs. Some ancestral gene regulatory networks are highly conserved, while others evolved more recently and only exist in particular lineages. The recent emergence of novel model organisms provided the opportunity for comparative studies, producing new insights to infer these evolutionary trajectories. In this review, we comprehensively revisit the recent literature on TFs of nonseed plants and algae, focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving their functional evolution. We discuss the particular contribution of changes in DNA-binding specificity, protein-protein interactions and cis-regulatory elements to gene regulatory networks. Current advances have shown that these evolutionary processes were shaped by changes in TF expression pattern, not through great innovation in TF protein sequences. We propose that the role of TFs associated with environmental and developmental regulation was unevenly conserved during land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Romani
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - CONICET, Colectora RN 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Javier E Moreno
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - CONICET, Colectora RN 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
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Soriano G, Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Monforte L, Tomás-Las-Heras R, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Developmental Stage Determines the Accumulation Pattern of UV-Absorbing Compounds in the Model Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis under Controlled Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030473. [PMID: 33802248 PMCID: PMC7998775 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis is an emerging model plant, and some data are available on its responses to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, it is unknown if the developmental stage of the thalli modulates the effects of UV radiation on the contents of potentially protecting phenolic compounds. To fill this gap, liverwort samples were exposed or non-exposed to UV radiation for 38 days under controlled conditions, using three developmental stages: gemmae (G), one-month thalli (T1), and two-month thalli (T2). Then, the bulk level of methanol-soluble UV-absorbing compounds and the contents of six flavones (apigenin and luteolin derivatives) were measured. The UV responsiveness decreased with thallus age: G and T1 plants were the most UV-responsive and showed a strong increase in all the variables, with G plants more responsive than T1 plants. In UV-exposed T2 plants, only apigenin derivatives increased and more modestly, probably due to a lower acclimation capacity. Nevertheless, the thalli became progressively tougher due to a decreasing water content, representing a possible structural protection against UV. In UV-exposed plants, the temporal patterns of the accumulation of phenolic compounds were compound-specific. Most compounds decreased with thallus age, but di-glucuronide derivatives showed a bell-shaped pattern, with T1 plants showing the highest contents. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) ordination of the different samples summarized the results found. The patterns described above should be taken into account to select thalli of an adequate developmental stage for experiments investigating the induction of phenolic compounds by UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Soriano
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Del-Castillo-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Laura Monforte
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Rafael Tomás-Las-Heras
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-941299754
| | - Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
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Rico-Reséndiz F, Cervantes-Pérez SA, Espinal-Centeno A, Dipp-Álvarez M, Oropeza-Aburto A, Hurtado-Bautista E, Cruz-Hernández A, Bowman JL, Ishizaki K, Arteaga-Vázquez MA, Herrera-Estrella L, Cruz-Ramírez A. Transcriptional and Morpho-Physiological Responses of Marchantia polymorpha upon Phosphate Starvation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218354. [PMID: 33171770 PMCID: PMC7672586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) is a pivotal nutrient that constraints plant development and productivity in natural ecosystems. Land colonization by plants, more than 470 million years ago, evolved adaptive mechanisms to conquer Pi-scarce environments. However, little is known about the molecular basis underlying such adaptations at early branches of plant phylogeny. To shed light on how early divergent plants respond to Pi limitation, we analyzed the morpho-physiological and transcriptional dynamics of Marchantia polymorpha upon Pi starvation. Our phylogenomic analysis highlights some gene networks present since the Chlorophytes and others established in the Streptophytes (e.g., PHR1–SPX1 and STOP1–ALMT1, respectively). At the morpho-physiological level, the response is characterized by the induction of phosphatase activity, media acidification, accumulation of auronidins, reduction of internal Pi concentration, and developmental modifications of rhizoids. The transcriptional response involves the induction of MpPHR1, Pi transporters, lipid turnover enzymes, and MpMYB14, which is an essential transcription factor for auronidins biosynthesis. MpSTOP2 up-regulation correlates with expression changes in genes related to organic acid biosynthesis and transport, suggesting a preference for citrate exudation. An analysis of MpPHR1 binding sequences (P1BS) shows an enrichment of this cis regulatory element in differentially expressed genes. Our study unravels the strategies, at diverse levels of organization, exerted by M. polymorpha to cope with low Pi availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Rico-Reséndiz
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (F.R.-R.); (A.E.-C.); (M.D.-Á.)
| | - Sergio Alan Cervantes-Pérez
- Plant Physiology and Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.A.C.-P.); (A.O.-A.); (L.H.-E.)
| | - Annie Espinal-Centeno
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (F.R.-R.); (A.E.-C.); (M.D.-Á.)
| | - Melissa Dipp-Álvarez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (F.R.-R.); (A.E.-C.); (M.D.-Á.)
| | - Araceli Oropeza-Aburto
- Plant Physiology and Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.A.C.-P.); (A.O.-A.); (L.H.-E.)
| | - Enrique Hurtado-Bautista
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Ecology, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Andrés Cruz-Hernández
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de La Salle Bajío, León 37160, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - John L. Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | | | - Mario A. Arteaga-Vázquez
- Group of Epigenetics and Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91640, Mexico;
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Plant Physiology and Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.A.C.-P.); (A.O.-A.); (L.H.-E.)
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (F.R.-R.); (A.E.-C.); (M.D.-Á.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-462-166-3000 (ext. 3005)
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MYB repressors and MBW activation complex collaborate to fine-tune flower coloration in Freesia hybrida. Commun Biol 2020; 3:396. [PMID: 32719499 PMCID: PMC7385123 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral anthocyanin has multiple ecological and economic values, its biosynthesis largely depends on the conserved MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) activation complex and MYB repressors hierarchically with the MBW complex. In contrast to eudicots, the MBW regulatory network model has not been addressed in monocots because of the lack of a suitable system, as grass plants exhibit monotonous floral pigmentation patterns. Presently, the MBW regulatory network was investigated in a non-grass monocot plant, Freesia hybrida. FhMYB27 and FhMYBx with different functional manners were confirmed to be anthocyanin related R2R3 and R3 MYB repressors, respectively. Particularly, FhMYBx could obstruct the formation of positive MBW complex by titrating bHLH proteins, whereas FhMYB27 mainly defected the activator complex into suppressor via its repression domains in C-terminus. Furthermore, the hierarchical and feedback regulatory loop was verified, indicating the synergistic and sophisticated regulatory network underlying Freesia anthocyanin biosynthesis was quite similar to that reported in eudicot plants. Yueqing Li, Xiaotong Shan, et al. study the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) regulatory network in a non-grass monocot plant, Freesia hybrida. They report two anthocyanin related MYB repressors FhMYB27 and FhMYBx and verified their involvement in a functional feedback loop with MBW to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Monte I. Plant Evolution: Divergent Plants, Divergent Functions for C1HDZ Orthologs. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R817-R819. [PMID: 32693077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ortholog identification inferred by phylogenetic analyses does not always correlate with functional conservation. The recent functional characterization of the C1HDZ transcription factor in the early-diverging land plant Marchantia polymorpha reveals its role in biotic stress responses, contrary to its orthologs in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Monte
- HFSP Fellow, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Piatkowski BT, Imwattana K, Tripp EA, Weston DJ, Healey A, Schmutz J, Shaw AJ. Phylogenomics reveals convergent evolution of red-violet coloration in land plants and the origins of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 151:106904. [PMID: 32645485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids, one of the largest classes of plant secondary metabolites, are found in lineages that span the land plant phylogeny and play important roles in stress responses and as pigments. Perhaps the most well-studied flavonoids are the anthocyanins that have human health benefits and help plants attract pollinators, regulate hormone production, and confer resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The canonical biochemical pathway responsible for the production of these pigments is well-characterized for flowering plants yet its conservation across deep divergences in land plants remains debated and poorly understood. Many early land plants such as mosses, liverworts, and ferns produce flavonoid pigments, but their biosynthetic origins and homologies to the anthocyanin pathway remain uncertain. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using full genome sequences representing nearly all major green plant lineages to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway then test the hypothesis that genes in this pathway are present in early land plants. We found that the entire pathway was not intact until the most recent common ancestor of seed plants and that orthologs of many downstream enzymes are absent from seedless plants including mosses, liverworts, and ferns. Our results also highlight the utility of phylogenetic inference, as compared to pairwise sequence similarity, in orthology assessment within large gene families that have complex duplication-loss histories. We suggest that the production of red-violet flavonoid pigments widespread in seedless plants, including the 3-deoxyanthocyanins, requires the activity of novel, as-yet discovered enzymes, and represents convergent evolution of red-violet coloration across land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Piatkowski
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
| | - Karn Imwattana
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Erin A Tripp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Adam Healey
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States; Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - A Jonathan Shaw
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
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Romani F, Banić E, Florent SN, Kanazawa T, Goodger JQ, Mentink RA, Dierschke T, Zachgo S, Ueda T, Bowman JL, Tsiantis M, Moreno JE. Oil Body Formation in Marchantia polymorpha Is Controlled by MpC1HDZ and Serves as a Defense against Arthropod Herbivores. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2815-2828.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cesarino I, Dello Ioio R, Kirschner GK, Ogden MS, Picard KL, Rast-Somssich MI, Somssich M. Plant science's next top models. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1-23. [PMID: 32271862 PMCID: PMC7304477 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Model organisms are at the core of life science research. Notable examples include the mouse as a model for humans, baker's yeast for eukaryotic unicellular life and simple genetics, or the enterobacteria phage λ in virology. Plant research was an exception to this rule, with researchers relying on a variety of non-model plants until the eventual adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana as primary plant model in the 1980s. This proved to be an unprecedented success, and several secondary plant models have since been established. Currently, we are experiencing another wave of expansion in the set of plant models. SCOPE Since the 2000s, new model plants have been established to study numerous aspects of plant biology, such as the evolution of land plants, grasses, invasive and parasitic plant life, adaptation to environmental challenges, and the development of morphological diversity. Concurrent with the establishment of new plant models, the advent of the 'omics' era in biology has led to a resurgence of the more complex non-model plants. With this review, we introduce some of the new and fascinating plant models, outline why they are interesting subjects to study, the questions they will help to answer, and the molecular tools that have been established and are available to researchers. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying all aspects of plant biology can only be achieved with the adoption of a comprehensive set of models, each of which allows the assessment of at least one aspect of plant life. The model plants described here represent a step forward towards our goal to explore and comprehend the diversity of plant form and function. Still, several questions remain unanswered, but the constant development of novel technologies in molecular biology and bioinformatics is already paving the way for the next generation of plant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cesarino
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwendolyn K Kirschner
- University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Division of Crop Functional Genomics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael S Ogden
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kelsey L Picard
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Madlen I Rast-Somssich
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Somssich
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Fürst-Jansen JMR, de Vries S, de Vries J. Evo-physio: on stress responses and the earliest land plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3254-3269. [PMID: 31922568 PMCID: PMC7289718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryophytes (land plants) can be found in almost any habitat on the Earth's surface. All of this ecologically diverse embryophytic flora arose from algae through a singular evolutionary event. Traits that were, by their nature, indispensable for the singular conquest of land by plants were those that are key for overcoming terrestrial stressors. Not surprisingly, the biology of land plant cells is shaped by a core signaling network that connects environmental cues, such as stressors, to the appropriate responses-which, thus, modulate growth and physiology. When did this network emerge? Was it already present when plant terrestrialization was in its infancy? A comparative approach between land plants and their algal relatives, the streptophyte algae, allows us to tackle such questions and resolve parts of the biology of the earliest land plants. Exploring the biology of the earliest land plants might shed light on exactly how they overcame the challenges of terrestrialization. Here, we outline the approaches and rationale underlying comparative analyses towards inferring the genetic toolkit for the stress response that aided the earliest land plants in their conquest of land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- University of Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
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49
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Wen W, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Conservation and diversification of flavonoid metabolism in the plant kingdom. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:100-108. [PMID: 32422532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are by far the largest class of polyphenols with huge structural and functional diversity. However, the mystery regarding the exact evolutionary pressures which lead to the amazing diversity in plant flavonoids has yet to be completely uncovered. Here we review recent advances in understanding the conservation and diversification of flavonoid pathway from algae and early land plants to vascular plants including the model plant Arabidopsis and economically important species such as cereals, legumes, and medicinal plants. Studies on the origin and evolution of R2R3-MYB regulatory system demonstrated its highly conserved function of regulating flavonoid production in land plants and this innovation appears to have been crucial in boosting the overall levels of these compounds in land plants. Convergent evolution has occurred as different flavonoids independently which emerged in distant taxa resulting in similar defense and tolerance characteristics against environmental stresses. Future studies on an increasing number of plant species taking advantage of newly developed genomic and metabolite profiling technologies are envisaged to provide comprehensive insight into flavonoid biosynthesis as well as pathway diversification and the underlying evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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50
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Xie T, Chen X, Guo T, Rong H, Chen Z, Sun Q, Batley J, Jiang J, Wang Y. Targeted Knockout of BnTT2 Homologues for Yellow-Seeded Brassica napus with Reduced Flavonoids and Improved Fatty Acid Composition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5676-5690. [PMID: 32394708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus is one of the important oil crops grown worldwide, and oil quality improvement is a major goal in rapeseed breeding. Yellow seed is an excellent trait, which has great potential in improving seed quality and economic value. In this study, we created stable yellow seed mutants using a CRISPR/Cas9 system and obtained the yellow seed phenotype only when the four alleles of two BnTT2 homologues were knocked out, indicating that the two BnTT2 homologues had conserved but redundant functions in regulating seed color. Histochemical staining and flavonoid metabolic analysis proved that the BnTT2 mutation hindered the synthesis and accumulation of proanthocyanidins. Transcriptome analysis also showed that the BnTT2 mutation inhibited the expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, which might be regulated by the complex of BnTT2, BnTT8 and BnTTG1. In addition, the homozygous mutants of BnTT2 homologues increased oil content and improved fatty acid composition with higher linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3), which could be used for the genetic improvement of rapeseed. Overall, this research showed that the BnTT2 mutation can be used for yellow seed breeding and oil improvement, which is of great significance in improving the economic value of rapeseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Tuli Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hao Rong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qinfu Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Youping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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