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Samraoui KR, Klimeš A, Jandová V, Altmanová N, Altman J, Dvorský M, Lanta V, Řeháková K, Ruka AT, Fibich P, Liancourt P, Doležal J. Trade-Offs Between Growth, Longevity, and Storage Carbohydrates in Herbs and Shrubs: Evidence for Active Carbon Allocation Strategies. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2025; 48:4505-4517. [PMID: 40016866 PMCID: PMC12050394 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Plants store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) like starch, fructans and soluble sugars to support metabolism, stress tolerance and defence during low photosynthesis, ultimately influencing their growth and longevity. However, the relationship between NSC composition and growth or persistence in wild plants remains unclear. This study explores trade-offs between growth, longevity and NSCs in 201 plant species across diverse climates in the Western USA, spanning 500-4300 m in elevation and 80-1000 mm in precipitation. Annual growth rates and plant ages were derived from the ring widths of semidesert, steppe and alpine herbs and shrubs, along with NSC profiles in their roots and rhizomes. Results showed an inverse relationship between growth and age, with total NSC, starch and fructan levels negatively correlated with growth, supporting the growth-longevity and growth-storage trade-off hypotheses. Conversely, higher growth rates were linked to soluble sugars, suggesting that climate-driven growth limitations alone do not explain increased NSCs. Fructans were positively associated with longevity, especially in long-lived desert shrubs and alpine herbs, underscoring NSCs' active role in survival strategies. These findings challenge the carbon surplus hypothesis, suggesting that plants actively use specific NSCs to balance growth and persistence, with energy-rich sugars promoting growth and osmoprotective fructans enhancing longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenz Raouf Samraoui
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Adam Klimeš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Veronika Jandová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Nela Altmanová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dvorský
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Vojtech Lanta
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Klára Řeháková
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Adam Taylor Ruka
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Doležal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
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2
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Pantigoso HA, Ossowicki A, Stringlis IA, Carrión VJ. Hub metabolites at the root-microbiome interface: unlocking plant drought resilience. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2025:S1360-1385(25)00106-2. [PMID: 40393817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2025.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most devastating environmental challenges, severely affecting agriculture, ecosystems, and global food security. Effective strategies to predict and mitigate drought are limited. The root-soil-microbiome interface is pivotal in mediating plant resilience to drought. Recent studies highlight dynamics between plant root exudates and microbial communities, influencing stress tolerance through chemical signaling under drought. By integrating plant molecular biology, root chemistry, and microbiome research, we discuss insights into how these mechanisms can be harnessed to enhance crop resilience. Here, we focus on the interplay between plants and their microbiomes with metabolites as a central point of interactions. We synthesize recent developments, identify critical knowledge gaps, and propose future directions to leverage plant-microbe interactions to improve plant drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Pantigoso
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Ossowicki
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ioannis A Stringlis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Víctor J Carrión
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Málaga, Spain; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Lanzrath H, von Lieres E, Metzner R, Huber G. Analyzing time activity curves from spatio-temporal tracer data to determine tracer transport velocity in plants. Math Biosci 2025; 383:109430. [PMID: 40118142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2025.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods utilizing tracers have a great potential to investigate carbon allocation in plants. Specifically, radioactive tracers, such as 11C, enable the monitoring of spatially localized transport processes on short time scales in living plants. Typically, such tracer transport experiments yield time activity curves (TACs) of tracer activity over time at various locations along a transport pathway. These TACs can exhibit different characteristic shapes that strongly depend on tracer transport dynamics, reflecting properties such as transport velocity, exchange with surrounding tissue, and tracer storage along the pathway. Various methods, either data-driven or model-based, exist to determine transport velocities from TACs. However, for some TAC shapes, the inferred carbon tracer velocity values can be inconsistent and greatly vary between analysis methods. In the present study, we review and evaluate different analysis methods for their suitability to reliably determine tracer transport velocities from typical TAC shapes. For this evaluation, we use both in silico generated and experimentally acquired TACs from positron emission tomography measurements on tomato, barley, and bean. We demonstrate that each of the compared methods can be suitable for specific TAC shapes while being less or not appropriate for others. In conclusion, we present a case-specific evaluation of methods as a reference for analyzing TACs from tracer transport experiments, which allows to ensure a robust and globally comparable determination of transport velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lanzrath
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Computational Systems Biotechnology, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich, Center for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA), 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Eric von Lieres
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-1: Biotechnology, 52428 Jülich, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Computational Systems Biotechnology, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich, Center for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA), 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzner
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich, Center for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA), 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gregor Huber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich, Center for Advanced Simulation and Analytics (CASA), 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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4
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Cheaib A, Chieppa J, Perkowski EA, Smith NG. Soil resource acquisition strategy modulates global plant nutrient and water economics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025; 246:1536-1553. [PMID: 40123121 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Natural selection favors growth by selecting a combination of plant traits that maximize photosynthetic CO2 assimilation at the lowest combined carbon costs of resource acquisition and use. We quantified how soil nutrient availability, plant nutrient acquisition strategies, and aridity modulate the variability in plant costs of nutrient acquisition relative to water acquisition (β). We used an eco-evolutionary optimality framework and a global carbon isotope dataset to quantify β. Under low soil nitrogen-to-carbon (N : C) ratios, a mining strategy (symbioses with ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi) reduced β by mining organic nitrogen, compared with a scavenging strategy (symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). Conversely, under high N : C ratios, scavenging strategies reduced β by effectively scavenging soluble nitrogen, compared with mining strategies. N2-fixing plants did not exhibit reduced β under low N : C ratios compared with non-N2-fixing plants. Moisture increased β only in plants using a scavenging strategy, reflecting direct impacts of aridity on the carbon costs of maintaining transpiration in these plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus colimitation further modulated β. Our findings provide a framework for simulating the variability of plant economics due to plant nutrient acquisition strategies in earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissar Cheaib
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Evan A Perkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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Lei M, Wang X, Chen K, Wei Q, Zhou M, Chen G, Su S, Tai Y, Zhuang K, Li D, Liu M, Zhang S, Wang Y. Sugar transporters: mediators of carbon flow between plants and microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2025; 16:1536969. [PMID: 40308299 PMCID: PMC12042665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1536969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Pathogens and symbiotic microorganisms significantly influence plant growth and crop productivity. Enhancing crop disease resistance and maximizing the beneficial role of symbiotic microorganisms in agriculture constitute critical areas of scientific investigation. A fundamental aspect of plant-microorganisms interactions revolves around nutritional dynamics, characterized by either "food shortage" or "food supply" scenarios. Notably, pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms predominantly utilize photosynthetic sugars as their primary carbon source during host colonization. This phenomenon has generated substantial interest in the regulatory mechanisms governing sugar transport and redistribution at the plant-microorganism interface. Sugar transporters, which primarily mediate the allocation of sugars to various sink organs, have emerged as crucial players in plant-pathogen interactions and the establishment of beneficial symbiotic associations. This review systematically categorized plant sugar transporters and highlighted their functional significance in mediating plant interactions with pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms. Furthermore, we synthesized recent advancements in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of these transporters and identified key scientific questions warranting further investigation. Elucidating the roles of sugar transporters offers novel strategies for enhancing crop health and productivity, thereby contributing to agricultural sustainability and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuying Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Senlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Youning Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Wang N, Ji H, Li Q, Wu P, Yi S, Li H, Liu X. Seasonal dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in new twigs and old branches of Vitex negundo Var. heterophylla under three densities of Robinia pseudoacacia forests. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:452. [PMID: 40211139 PMCID: PMC11983941 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are vital for plant growth, with their levels influenced by light intensity and seasonal changes. However, research on how varying light conditions due to forest density and seasons affect carbon allocation in new twigs and old branches is scarce. Vitex negundo var. heterophylla is a leading shrub species in the warm temperate zone's shrub layer. In this study, we conducted a detailed sampling of V. negundo var. heterophylla branches, differentiating new twigs and old branches across phenological stages under three densities of Robinia pseudoacacia forests. Our sampling schedule was as follows: March (dormant period), May (sprouting period), July (leaf spreading period), September (flowering and fruiting period), and December (deciduous period). The results showed that the seasonal patterns of carbon allocation in the new twigs and old branches were largely in harmony. The starch concentration in the old branches under the high density was significantly lower than in the other two densities during the growing season, but the NSC concentration in December remained at a high level and did not significantly decrease. These indicated even though the light environment was unfavorable to understory V. negundo var. heterophylla during the growing season, cold tolerance in December was not inhibited. And the concentrations of soluble sugars and starch in the new twigs were typically higher than those found in the old branches. This dynamic suggests a strategic prioritization of resources to fuel the growth and development of the plant during the current year. Findings from this study not only contribute to our understanding of carbon allocation strategies in V. negundo var. heterophylla but also provide critical insights for managing and predicting the resilience of warm temperate shrub ecosystems to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, 5147 Dongfengdong Road, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Hongliang Ji
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, 5147 Dongfengdong Road, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shijie Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Observation and Research Station of Bohai Eco-Corridor, First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, 5147 Dongfengdong Road, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qilu Normal University, 2 Wenbo Road, Jinan, 250200, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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7
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Kannenberg SA, Babst F, Barnes ML, Cabon A, Dannenberg MP, Johnston MR, Anderegg WRL. Stand density and local climate drive allocation of GPP to aboveground woody biomass. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2025; 246:543-553. [PMID: 39854029 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
The partitioning of photosynthate among various forest carbon pools is a key process regulating long-term carbon sequestration, with allocation to aboveground woody biomass carbon (AGBC) in particular playing an outsized role in the global carbon cycle due to its slow residence time. However, directly estimating the fraction of gross primary productivity (GPP) that goes to AGBC has historically been difficult and time-consuming, leaving us with persistent uncertainties. We used an extensive dataset of tree-ring chronologies co-located at flux towers to assess the coupling between AGBC and GPP, calculate the fraction of fixed carbon that is allocated to AGBC, and understand the drivers of variability in this fraction. We found that annual AGBC and GPP were rarely correlated, and that annual AGBC represented only a small fraction (c. 9%) of fixed carbon. This fraction varied considerably across sites and was driven by differences in stand density and site climate. Annual AGBC was suppressed by c. 30% during drought and remained below average for years afterward. These results imply that assumptions of relatively stationary allocation of GPP to woody biomass and other plant tissues could lead to systematic biases in modeled carbon accumulation in different plant pools and thus in carbon residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mallory L Barnes
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Antoine Cabon
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthew P Dannenberg
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Miriam R Johnston
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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8
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Toleikiene M, Skipityte R, Bariseviciute R, Martins JT, Rasmussen J. The Effects of Legume-Cereal Intercropping on the Symbiotically Fixed N 2 in Soybean, N Accumulation, and C Allocation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:1009. [PMID: 40219077 PMCID: PMC11990700 DOI: 10.3390/plants14071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2025] [Revised: 03/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Intercropping soybean and wheat can enhance soil fertility through increased nitrogen fixation, optimize resource use, and boost overall crop productivity, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, this research examines nitrogen accumulation and carbon allocation in the intercrops of soybean and spring wheat, as well as the nitrogen fixation in soybean using the 15N isotope dilution method and 13C-CO2 pulse labeling. Soybean and spring wheat were grown as monocultures and mixtures in different densities, containing 4 or 8 plants of wheat, either 1 or 3 soybean plants, or a mixture of both. The intercropping had a significant impact on soybean atmospheric nitrogen fixation. When grown in mixtures with wheat, soybean accumulated more than twice as much atmospheric nitrogen in the roots; however, the effect on total accumulated N per plant was rather negative and plant densities dependent. Growing mixtures at low densities of soybean and high densities of wheat had a better effect on the total nitrogen content of plants. Overall, intercropping caused a significant redistribution of carbon and nitrogen in plants. Carbon allocation was influenced in soybeans but not in wheat grown in monocultures and in mixtures. Intercropping also positively influenced carbon accumulation, with the increase in carbon density being more pronounced in the roots than in the shoots for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toleikiene
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al, 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Raminta Skipityte
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių Av. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Ruta Bariseviciute
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių Av. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Juliana Trindade Martins
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; (J.T.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jim Rasmussen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; (J.T.M.); (J.R.)
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Zhou B, Cai W, Zhu Z, Wang H, Harrison SP, Prentice IC. A General Model for the Seasonal to Decadal Dynamics of Leaf Area. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2025; 31:e70125. [PMID: 40116068 PMCID: PMC11926779 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
Leaf phenology, represented at the ecosystem scale by the seasonal dynamics of leaf area index (LAI), is a key control on the exchanges of CO2, energy, and water between the land and atmosphere. Robust simulation of leaf phenology is thus important for both dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and land-surface representations in climate and Earth System models. There is no general agreement on how leaf phenology should be modeled. However, a recent theoretical advance posits a universal relationship between the time course of "steady-state" gross primary production (GPP) and LAI-that is, the mutually consistent LAI and GPP that would pertain if weather conditions were held constant. This theory embodies the concept that leaves should be displayed when their presence is most beneficial to plants, combined with the reciprocal relationship of LAI and GPP via (a) the Beer's law dependence of GPP on LAI, and (b) the requirement for GPP to support the allocation of carbon to leaves. Here we develop a global prognostic LAI model, combining this theoretical approach with a parameter-sparse terrestrial GPP model (the P model) that achieves a good fit to GPP derived from flux towers in all biomes and a scheme based on the P model that predicts seasonal maximum LAI as the lesser of an energy-limited rate (maximizing GPP) and a water-limited rate (maximizing the use of available precipitation). The exponential moving average method is used to represent the time lag between leaf allocation and modeled steady-state LAI. The model captures satellite-derived LAI dynamics across biomes at both site and global levels. Since this model outperforms the 15 DGVMs used in the TRENDY project, it could provide a basis for improved representation of leaf-area dynamics in vegetation and climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhou
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sandy P. Harrison
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science (SAGES)University of ReadingReadingUK
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Rogiers SY, Quinlan KP, Bright JD. Challenges to optimal macadamia ( Macadamia spp.) kernel quality in a changing climate. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2025; 52:FP24218. [PMID: 40163427 DOI: 10.1071/fp24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Macadamias (Macadamia spp.) are highly desired for their flavour and nutritional characteristics. Despite cultivation in their native habitat, unpredictable and extreme weather events are applying pressure on the Australian macadamia industry to maintain the production of high-quality kernels. The industry has experienced losses in yield and quality due to shifts in the timing and volume of rain in recent years, and this has identified the requirement for transformational changes in orchard agronomic practices. Pre-harvest conditions that impinge on kernel oil content, kernel recovery, whole kernels and kernel appearance are discussed in this review. The impact of harvest and storage conditions on kernel quality are also reviewed. We propose opportunities for further research to optimise on-farm practices and to safeguard kernel quality post-harvest. This includes building on existing research to advance our understanding of the interaction of genetics with plant response to climate change. It also requires innovation to advance technologies that foster precision management, both spatially and temporally, in an environmentally sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Y Rogiers
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Kevin P Quinlan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Jeremy D Bright
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
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11
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Sun H, Wang Y, Chen L, Cai N, Xu Y. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Fertilization Affects Pinus yunnanensis Seedling Distribution of Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Different Organs After Coppicing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:462. [PMID: 39943022 PMCID: PMC11820541 DOI: 10.3390/plants14030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
The effects of nutritional additions on the non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. following coppicing were examined in this work. Three levels of phosphorous (P) addition, namely P0 (0 g/plant), P (2 g/plant), and P+ (4 g/plant), and two levels of nitrogen (N) additions, namely N0 (0 g/plant) and N+ (0.6 g/plant) The treatments consisted of D1 (N0P), D2 (N+P0), D3 (N0P), D4 (N+P), D5 (N0P), and D6 (N+P+), utilizing an orthogonal design to assess how these nutrients influence NSC levels and their components throughout many plant organs in P. yunnanensis. The findings showed that fertilization enhanced NSCs and their components' contents in P. yunnanensis. P treatment greatly raised NSC levels in sprouts as well as starch (ST) content in stems and sprouts. N treatment greatly raised soluble sugar (SS) and NSC content in stems and greatly accelerated the contents of NSCs and their components in sprouts. The combined application of N and P further improved SS content in stems. Fertilization effects varied over time, with significant increases in NSC content observed at different stages: at 0 d, fertilization significantly raised NSCs and their components in needles; at 90 d, roots and stems showed increases in both NSCs and their components' contents; at 180 d, stem ST content significantly increased; and at 270 d, NSCs and their components' contents across all organs were significantly increased. Especially in roots, stems, and sprouts, the combined N (0.6 g/plant) and P (2.0 g/plant) treatment (D4) produced the highest NSC concentration among the treatments. This suggested that NSC formation in plants might be greatly promoted by a balanced N and P fertilization ratio acting in concert. Moreover, fertilizer, as part of a general management plan, has long-term and significant benefits on plant development, especially after coppicing, accelerating recovery, expanding growth potential, and thereby strengthening the plant's capacity to adapt to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Nianhui Cai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China
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12
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Nawaz AF, Gargiulo S, Pichierri A, Casolo V. Exploring the Role of Non-Structural Carbohydrates (NSCs) Under Abiotic Stresses on Woody Plants: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:328. [PMID: 39942890 PMCID: PMC11820143 DOI: 10.3390/plants14030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
Global climate change has increased the severity and frequency of abiotic stresses, posing significant challenges to the survival and growth of woody plants. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), including starch and sugars, play a vital role in enabling plants to withstand these stresses, helping to stabilize cellular functions by buffering plant energy demands and facilitating recovery on the alleviation of stress. Despite the recognized multiple functions of NSCs, the contrasting effects of multiple abiotic stresses on NSCs dynamics in woody plants remain poorly understood. This review aims to explore the current knowledge of the contrasting effects of abiotic stress conditions including drought, salinity, heat, water logging, and cold on NSCs dynamics. The roles of NSCs in regulating stress-resilience responses in woody plants are also discussed, along with the challenges in NSC measurement, and options for future research directions are explored. This review is based on comprehensive literature research across different search engines like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2000-2024) using targeted keywords. This study compiles the current research on NSCs functions and provides insights into the adaptive strategies of woody plants in response to changing climate conditions, providing groundwork for future research to improve stress tolerance in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Fazal Nawaz
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.F.N.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali ed Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Sara Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali ed Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Pichierri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.F.N.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali ed Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali ed Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy;
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13
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Lu L, Yu L, Li X, Gao L, Bao L, Chang X, Gao X, Cai Z. Assessing Vegetation Canopy Growth Variations in Northeast China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:143. [PMID: 39795403 PMCID: PMC11723273 DOI: 10.3390/plants14010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Revised: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Studying climate change's impact on vegetation canopy growth and senescence is significant for understanding and predicting vegetation dynamics. However, there is a lack of adequate research on canopy changes across the lifecycles of different vegetation types. Using GLASS LAI (leaf area index) data (2001-2020), we investigated canopy development (April-June), maturity (July-August), and senescence (September-October) rates in Northeast China, focusing on their responses to preseason climatic factors. We identified that early stages saw canopy development acceleration, with over 71% of areas experiencing such acceleration in April and May. As the vegetation grew, the accelerating canopy development slowed down, and the canopy reached its maturation earlier. By analyzing the partial correlation between canopy growth and preseason climatic factors, it was identified that changes in canopy growth were most significantly affected by preseason air temperature. A positive correlation was observed in the early stages, which shifted to a negative correlation during canopy maturation and senescence. Notably, the transition timing varied among different vegetation types, with grasslands (June) occurring earlier than forests (July) and farmlands (August). Additionally, grassland canopy growth showed a stronger response to precipitation than forests and farmlands, with a lagged effect of 2.50 months. Our findings improve understanding of vegetation canopy growth across different stages, holding significant importance for ecological environmental monitoring, land-use planning, and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
- Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Lun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xinyue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaohong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhongquan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (L.B.); (X.C.); (X.G.); (Z.C.)
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14
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Yan G, Luo X, Huang B, Wang H, Xing Y, Wang Q. Imbalance in nitrogen and phosphorus allocation between tree roots and leaves induced by nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 958:177925. [PMID: 39675287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
The allocation of limiting elements, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), in plant organs is essential for nutrient cycling between soil and plants (soil-plant nutrient cycling) and functional optimization in plant communities. Unprecedented inputs of anthropogenic N have caused drastic N and P imbalances in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects of N addition on the allocation strategies of N and P between plant organs remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a long-term, multilevel N addition experiment to investigate the allocation strategies for N and P in plant leaves and fine roots. We found that N addition significantly increased leaf N concentration, leaf P concentration, and leaf N:P ratios, while significantly decreasing fine root N concentration, fine root P concentration, and fine root N:P ratios. Additionally, we demonstrated a higher proportional increase of N in leaves and a lower proportional decrease of P in fine roots with N addition. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that N addition influenced the allocation of N and P between plant leaves and fine roots through changes in plant growth patterns and nutrient distribution strategies. These changes were driven by a significant increase in soil inorganic N concentration, a decrease in soil N cycling and a reduction in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Our findings suggest that N addition will likely lead to an imbalance between the N and P cycles in temperate forest ecosystems, due to the unequal allocation of N and P between tree roots and leaves. This imbalance may, in turn, have negative implications for the provision of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xi Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yajuan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Qinggui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, China.
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15
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Mmbando GS. The link between changing in host carbon allocation and resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae: a possible tactic for mitigating the rice blast fungus. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2326870. [PMID: 38465846 PMCID: PMC10936674 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2326870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the most destructive diseases affecting rice is rice blast, which is brought on by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The preventive measures, however, are not well established. To effectively reduce the negative effects of rice blasts on crop yields, it is imperative to comprehend the dynamic interactions between pathogen resistance and patterns of host carbon allocation. This review explores the relationship between variations in carbon allocation and rice plants' ability to withstand the damaging effects of M. oryzae. The review highlights potential strategies for altering host carbon allocation including transgenic, selective breeding, crop rotation, and nutrient management practices as a promising avenue for enhancing rice blast resistance. This study advances our knowledge of the interaction between plants' carbon allocation and M. oryzae resistance and provides stakeholders and farmers with practical guidance on mitigating the adverse effects of the rice blast globally. This information may be used in the future to create varieties that are resistant to M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Sadikiel Mmbando
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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16
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Balasubramanian VK, Rivas-Ubach A, Winkler T, Mitchell H, Moran J, Ahkami AH. Modulation of polar auxin transport identifies the molecular determinants of source-sink carbon relationships and sink strength in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:82-101. [PMID: 37265358 PMCID: PMC11898627 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Source-to-sink carbon (C) allocation driven by the sink strength, i.e., the ability of a sink organ to import C, plays a central role in tissue growth and biomass productivity. However, molecular drivers of sink strength have not been thoroughly characterized in trees. Auxin, as a major plant phytohormone, regulates the mobilization of photoassimilates in source tissues and elevates the translocation of carbohydrates toward sink organs, including roots. In this study, we used an 'auxin-stimulated carbon sink' approach to understand the molecular processes involved in the long-distance source-sink C allocation in poplar. Poplar cuttings were foliar sprayed with polar auxin transport modulators, including auxin enhancers (AE) (i.e., IBA and IAA) and auxin inhibitor (AI) (i.e., NPA), followed by a comprehensive analysis of leaf, stem and root tissues using biomass evaluation, phenotyping, C isotope labeling, metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches. Auxin modulators altered root dry weight and branching pattern, and AE increased photosynthetically fixed C allocation from leaf to root tissues. The transcriptome analysis identified highly expressed genes in root tissue under AE condition including transcripts encoding polygalacturonase and β-amylase that could increase the sink size and activity. Metabolic analyses showed a shift in overall metabolism including an altered relative abundance levels of galactinol, and an opposite trend in citrate levels in root tissue under AE and AI conditions. In conclusion, we postulate a model suggesting that the source-sink C relationships in poplar could be fueled by mobile sugar alcohols, starch metabolism-derived sugars and TCA-cycle intermediates as key molecular drivers of sink strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K Balasubramanian
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Albert Rivas-Ubach
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Department of Ecology and Forest Genetics, Forest Sciences Institute (ICIFOR), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Tanya Winkler
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Hugh Mitchell
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - James Moran
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Amir H Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Adjoint Faculty, School of Biological Science (SBS), Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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17
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Han Q, Kabeya D, Inagaki Y, Kawasaki T, Satake A. Carbon use strategies in shoot and acorn growth of two evergreen broadleaf trees unraveled by seasonal carbohydrate measurements and carbon isotope analysis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:221-231. [PMID: 37209131 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Woody species have evolved carbon (C) storage processes that meet needs for reserves associated with asynchronies between C supply and demand. However, our understanding of storage dynamics is still elusive in mature trees, especially when reproduction is involved. Integrated analyses of isotope ratios, concentrations and biomass may enhance understanding of stored C fractions' dynamics and roles. Thus, we monitored starch and soluble sugars (SSs), C isotope ratios and biomass, in leaves, twigs and reproductive organs of two mature evergreen broadleaf trees, Quercus glauca Thumb. and Lithocarpus edulis Nakai, for 2 years. During the growing season, no starch was observed in twigs, while constant starch levels were observed in leaves. Increase in SSs for winter hardening was earlier in L. edulis than in Q. glauca, in line with L. edulis acorns' earlier ripening. Decrease in SSs and increase in starch occurred simultaneously in the next spring. In addition, sucrose accounted for <10% of total SSs in leaves of both species, whereas mannose accounted for up to 75% in Q. glauca and myo-inositol up to 23% in L. edulis, indicating species-specific sugar composition. These results indicate that seasonal variation of SSs fraction was more reflective of climatic change and nonstructural carbohydrate storage was less influenced by reproduction. No starch was detected in acorn organs of either Q. glauca or L. edulis except in ripening seeds. The biomass of ripe acorns was 1.7- and 6.4-fold greater than that of current-year twigs in Q. glauca and L. edulis, respectively. Bulk twigs and reproductive organs were ca 1.0‰ 13C enriched relative to bulk leaves, which was lower than in deciduous trees. These results indicate that a new photo-assimilate is the predominant C source for reproductive growth. These findings provide new insights into the dynamics of C storage in relation to reproduction in evergreen broadleaf trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kabeya
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inagaki
- Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 2-915, Asakuranishi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kawasaki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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18
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Duan H, Landhäusser SM, Ouyang S, Tissue DT. Saving for an emergency: how does carbon storage contribute to tree survival under long-term stress? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:186-191. [PMID: 38381610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Simon M Landhäusser
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5G 2E3, Canada
| | - Shengnan Ouyang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Bourke Street, Richmond 2753, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Bourke Street, Richmond 2753, NSW, Australia
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19
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Poupard M, Gallo A, Boulord R, Guillem P, Rolland G, Simonneau T, Christophe A, Pallas B. Source-sink manipulations through shading, crop load and water deficit affect plant morphogenesis and carbon sink priorities leading to contrasted plant carbon status in grapevine. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024:mcae203. [PMID: 39656901 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Shading, water deficit, and crop load shape plant development in a very plastic way. They directly influence the plant's carbon supply and demand to and from the different organs via metabolic, hydraulic and hormonal mechanisms. However, how the multiple environmental factors combine through these mechanisms and how they interplay with carbon status, vegetative and reproductive development and carbon assimilation of the plant needs to be investigated in the context of current climatic and technological constraints. METHODS With this aim, two experiments were conducted on potted grapevines, subjected to ten combinations of treatments. Axis organogenesis, berry characteristics at harvest (weight, number and total soluble content) and a series of leaf traits (gas exchanges, non-structural carbohydrate contents, water potential and SPAD values) were measured. KEY RESULTS Grapevine development showed different responses corresponding to different sink priorities: under shade, vegetative development was maintained at the expense of berries, whereas under high crop load and water deficit, berry growth was the priority sink. These responses were accompanied by changes in the specific leaf area in agreement with the shade avoidance syndrome. These different strategies affected the plant carbon status as estimated through the starch content in leaves. Leaf starch content was not affected by shade, while it decreased under water deficit and crop load conditions. Carbon assimilation was decreased under water deficit, low crop load and shading conditions. Hydraulic properties and leaf nitrogen content correlated withthis decrease while plant carbon status has a very low impact. Finally, no major interaction between the different types of constraints were observed both on morphological and functional variables. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the type of abiotic constraints, grapevine exhibits specific morphogenetic responses at plant and leaf levels. The absence of interaction between the different constraints showed that grapevine is able to exhibit independent responses to shade and water deficit. This result is of major importance to further design new agricultural systems facing multiple abiotic constraints, such as those in agroforestery and agrivolatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Poupard
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, UMR LEPSE, 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Agustina Gallo
- EEA Mendoza, INTA, San Martin 3853, Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Romain Boulord
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, UMR LEPSE, 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo Guillem
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, UMR LEPSE, 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Gaëlle Rolland
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, UMR LEPSE, 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, UMR LEPSE, 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Christophe
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, UMR LEPSE, 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Pallas
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, UMR LEPSE, 2 Place Viala 34060 Montpellier, France
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20
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Adomako MO, Jin L, Li C, Liu J, Adu D, Seshie VI, Yu FH. Mechanisms underpinning microplastic effects on the natural climate solutions of wetland ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176491. [PMID: 39341239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Wetland ecosystems are vital carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks, offering significant nature-based solutions for global climate mitigation. However, the recent influx of microplastic (MP) into wetlands substantially impacts key drivers (e.g., plants and microorganisms) underpinning these wetland functions. While MP-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization potentially threaten the long-term wetland C-climate feedbacks, the exact mechanisms and linkage are unclear. This review provides a conceptual framework to elaborate on the interplay between MPs, wetland ecosystems, and the atmospheric milieu. We also summarize published studies that validate possible MP impacts on natural climate solutions of wetlands, as well as provide extensive elaboration on underlying mechanisms. We briefly highlight the relationships between MP influx, wetland degradation, and climate change and conclude by identifying key gaps for future research priorities. Globally, plastic production, MP entry into aquatic systems, and wetland degradation-related emissions are predicted to increase. This means that MP-related emissions and wetland-climate feedback should be addressed in the context of the UN Paris Climate Agreement on net-zero emissions by 2050. This overview serves as a wake-up call on the alarming impacts of MPs on wetland ecosystems and urges a global reconsideration of nature-based solutions in the context of climate mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Opoku Adomako
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Changchao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daniel Adu
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vivian Isabella Seshie
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Quetin GR, Anderegg LDL, Boving I, Trugman AT. A moving target: trade-offs between maximizing carbon and minimizing hydraulic stress for plants in a changing climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:1788-1800. [PMID: 39327813 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Observational evidence indicates that tree leaf area may acclimate in response to changes in water availability to alleviate hydraulic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms driving leaf area changes and consequences of different leaf area allocation strategies remain unknown. Here, we use a trait-based hydraulically enabled tree model with two endmember leaf area allocation strategies, aimed at either maximizing carbon gain or moderating hydraulic stress. We examined the impacts of these strategies on future plant stress and productivity. Allocating leaf area to maximize carbon gain increased productivity with high CO2, but systematically increased hydraulic stress. Following an allocation strategy to avoid increased future hydraulic stress missed out on 26% of the potential future net primary productivity in some geographies. Both endmember leaf area allocation strategies resulted in leaf area decreases under future climate scenarios, contrary to Earth system model (ESM) predictions. Leaf area acclimation to avoid increased hydraulic stress (and potentially the risk of accelerated mortality) was possible, but led to reduced carbon gain. Accounting for plant hydraulic effects on canopy acclimation in ESMs could limit or reverse current projections of future increases in leaf area, with consequences for the carbon and water cycles, and surface energy budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Quetin
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93016, USA
| | - Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93016, USA
| | - Indra Boving
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93016, USA
| | - Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93016, USA
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22
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Baesso Moura B, Hoshika Y, Brunetti C, Dos Santos Nascimento LB, Marra E, Paoletti E, Ferrini F. Stress physiology of Moringa oleifera under tropospheric ozone enrichment: An ecotype-specific investigation into growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and polyphenols. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 120:2127-2137. [PMID: 39476251 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/11/2024]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is an oxidative pollutant that significantly threatens plant development and ecological dynamics. The present study explores the impact of O3 on Moringa (Moringa oleifera) ecotypes when exposed to ambient and elevated O3 levels. Elevated O3 concentrations resulted in significant reductions in total biomass for all ecotypes. Photosynthetic parameters, including stomatal conductance (gsto), CO2 assimilation (Pn), and carboxylation efficiency (K), decreased under elevated O3 in some ecotypes, indicating a detrimental effect on carbon assimilation. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) levels in roots varied among ecotypes, with significant reductions in starch content observed under elevated O3, suggesting a potential shift towards soluble sugar accumulation and reallocation for antioxidant defense. Secondary metabolite analysis revealed increased polyphenol production, particularly quercetin derivatives, under elevated O3 in specific ecotypes, highlighting their role in mitigating oxidative stress. Interestingly, the glucosinolate content also varied, with some ecotypes exhibiting increased levels, suggesting a complex regulatory mechanism in response to O3 exposure. The study underscores the intrinsic variability among Moringa ecotypes in response to O3 stress, emphasizing the importance of genetic diversity for adaptation. The findings indicate that Moringa's metabolic plasticity, including shifts in NSC and SM production, plays a crucial role in its defense mechanisms against O3-induced oxidative stress. These insights are vital for optimizing the cultivation and utilization of Moringa in diverse environmental conditions, particularly in regions with elevated O3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
- Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee, 30 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Elena Marra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, Potenza, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
- Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food, and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee, 30 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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23
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Turner SC, Schweitzer JA. Plant neighbors differentially alter a focal species' biotic interactions through changes to resource allocation. Ecology 2024; 105:e4395. [PMID: 39299794 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant resource allocation strategies are thought to be largely a consequence of changing abiotic conditions and evolutionary history. However, biotic interactions also influence how a plant allocates resources. As a result, plants mediate indirect interactions between organisms above- and belowground through resource allocation. Neighboring plants can influence plant fitness directly through competition for resources, and indirectly by altering associated community interactions (associational effects), such as pollination, herbivory, and a suite of belowground interactions. Given the importance of community interactions for plant success, and the known ability for plant neighbors to change these interactions, the goal of this "pandemic project" was to understand how heterospecific plant neighbors alter plant resource allocation, whether this occurred through above- or belowground mechanisms, and whether this in turn alters biotic interactions and the relationship between a focal plant and its herbivore and soil community interactions. To do so, we established a common garden experiment, manipulating plant neighbor identity and the extent of interaction among neighbors (aboveground only, vs. above- and belowground interactions, using customized pot types), and measured changes to a focal plant and its biotic interactions over two growing seasons. We found evidence of both neighbor effects and pot type, showing that neighbor interactions affect a focal plant through both above- and belowground processes, and how the focal plant is affected depends on neighbor identity. Though neighbors did not directly alter herbivory or most soil microbial interactions, they did alter the relationship between belowground microbial communities and a plant response trait (specific leaf area). Plant resource allocation responses were reduced with time, showing the importance of extending experiments beyond a single growing season, and are an important consideration when making predictions about plant responses to changing conditions. This study contributes to a growing body of work showing how community contexts affect the above- and belowground interactions of a plant through plant resource allocation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Turner
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schweitzer
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Chen YD, Bu ZJ, Wang M, Zhang MM, Ma JZ, Guo HB. Drought mediates Sphagnum defense response to herbivory. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16427. [PMID: 39431323 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE The expected concomitant increase in multiple stressors such as herbivory and drought may threaten peatland ecosystems. How Sphagnum, the ecological engineers of peatlands, responds to combined stressors remains largely unexplored. Here we aimed to clarify resource allocations in Sphagnum during concomitant herbivory and drought. METHODS S. magellanicum and S. fuscum were exposed to drought and herbivory together or separately in laboratory experiments and analyzed for growth (biomass production and net photosynthetic rate), defense (phenolics in leachates and phenolics in extraction) and nonstructural carbohydrates (soluble sugar and starch) in relation to untreated controls. RESULTS Herbivory and drought had significant interactive effects on Sphagnum growth and defense. In both species, drought without herbivory reduced the phenolics in leachate, but with herbivory increased phenolics, indicating a synergistic effect between herbivory and drought on Sphagnum defense. Both stressors significantly decreased biomass production, with the combined stress having a more negative effect. Interestingly, a growth-defense trade-off was found in the drought treatment of both Sphagnum species, but disappeared in the wet treatment. Conversely, a trade-off between soluble sugars and phenolics was found in the wet but not in the drought treatment, suggesting that soluble sugars may play a role in inducing the defense and hence mask the growth-defense trade-off in peat mosses. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize that predicting the impact of combined stressors on peat moss traits is complex and challenging. Future models should account for the effects of multiple environmental stressors to guide peatland conservation under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Da Chen
- School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jin-Ze Ma
- School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hong-Bo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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25
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Cai Y, Liang Y, Shi H, Cui J, Prakash S, Zhang J, Anaokar S, Chai J, Schwender J, Lu C, Yu X, Shanklin J. Creating yellow seed Camelina sativa with enhanced oil accumulation by CRISPR-mediated disruption of Transparent Testa 8. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2773-2784. [PMID: 38859598 PMCID: PMC11536548 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Camelina (Camelina sativa L.), a hexaploid member of the Brassicaceae family, is an emerging oilseed crop being developed to meet the increasing demand for plant oils as biofuel feedstocks. In other Brassicas, high oil content can be associated with a yellow seed phenotype, which is unknown for camelina. We sought to create yellow seed camelina using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to disrupt its Transparent Testa 8 (TT8) transcription factor genes and to evaluate the resulting seed phenotype. We identified three TT8 genes, one in each of the three camelina subgenomes, and obtained independent CsTT8 lines containing frameshift edits. Disruption of TT8 caused seed coat colour to change from brown to yellow reflecting their reduced flavonoid accumulation of up to 44%, and the loss of a well-organized seed coat mucilage layer. Transcriptomic analysis of CsTT8-edited seeds revealed significantly increased expression of the lipid-related transcription factors LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, and WRI1 and their downstream fatty acid synthesis-related targets. These changes caused metabolic remodelling with increased fatty acid synthesis rates and corresponding increases in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation from 32.4% to as high as 38.0% of seed weight, and TAG yield by more than 21% without significant changes in starch or protein levels compared to parental line. These data highlight the effectiveness of CRISPR in creating novel enhanced-oil germplasm in camelina. The resulting lines may directly contribute to future net-zero carbon energy production or be combined with other traits to produce desired lipid-derived bioproducts at high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Cai
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Yuanxue Liang
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jodie Cui
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Shreyas Prakash
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Sanket Anaokar
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Xiao‐Hong Yu
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - John Shanklin
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
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26
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Guo C, Hu Y, Qin J, Wu D, Leng H, Wang H. Adaptive strategies in architecture and allocation for the asymmetric growth of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:22604. [PMID: 39349553 PMCID: PMC11442443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The stability-related asymmetry in roots, trunk, and crown is always found as a typical effect of biomechanical design under heterogeneous stimulus environment. However, it appears to be a conflict between the biomechanical principle and the source-sink distance of nutrient allocation strategies when the orientational asymmetry occurs. Adaptive growth strategies associated with biomass and nutrient allocation remain to be explored. This study used both the minirhizotron and harvest methods to test the effect of trunk inclination of camphor trees (Cinnamomum camphora) and found that the asymmetry coefficient of root biomass was - 0.29, showing more root biomass distributed on the other side of trunk inclination. This side had larger surface area and volume of fine roots, the smaller in diameter and the larger in length of the first level roots, higher leaf total nitrogen (TN) and slightly higher root TN content, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT in leaves, and lower soluble sugar and protein. The biomass, morphological and physiological characteristics suggest that trees may follow both the biomechanical design and source-sink distance of nutrient allocation strategies. The research results expand the connotation of root-shoot balance in the orientational allocation of biomass and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbing Guo
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Development, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, No. 3888 Chenhua Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Duorun Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Development, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Hanbing Leng
- Shanghai Botanical Garden, No. 1111 Longwu Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Development, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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27
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Qu Z, Lin C, Zhao H, Chen T, Yao X, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen G. Above- and belowground phenology responses of subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) to soil warming, precipitation exclusion and their interaction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173147. [PMID: 38740199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant phenology plays an important role in nutrient cycling and carbon balance in forest ecosystems, but its response to the interaction of global warming and precipitation reduction remains unclear. In this study, an experiment with factorial soil warming (ambient, ambient +5 °C) and precipitation exclusion (ambient, ambient -50 %) was conducted in a subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. We investigated the effects of soil warming, precipitation exclusion, and their interactions on Chinese fir phenology involving tree height and fine root growth. In the meantime, the impact of tree height growth and related climatic factors on fine root production was also assessed. The results showed that: (1) more variable phenology responses were observed in fine root growth than in tree height growth to the climatic treatments; the duration of fine root growth and tree height growth was significantly reduced by the precipitation exclusion and warming treatment, respectively; phenology differences of fine root and tree height growth caused by the solo warming and precipitation exclusion treatment were further enhanced by the combined treatment; and despite the greater inter-annual phenology stability of tree height growth than that of fine root growth, both of them showed insignificant response to all the climate treatments; (2) asynchrony of phenology between tree height and fine root growth was significantly enlarged by solo warming and precipitation exclusion treatments, and further enlarged by the combined treatment; (3) fine root production was significantly and positively correlated with air, and soil temperature, and tree height growth as well, which was altered by warming and precipitation exclusion treatments. Our results demonstrated that climatic changes significantly and differently alter phenology of, and extend the phenology asynchrony between, above and below ground plant components, and also highlight the climate-sensitive and variable nature of root phenology. Overall, these phenology responses to climatic change may weaken the close link between fine root production and tree height growth, which may result in temporal mismatch between nutrient demand and supply in Chinese fir plantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengfang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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28
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Zhang P, Ding J, Wang Q, McDowell NG, Kong D, Tong Y, Yin H. Contrasting coordination of non-structural carbohydrates with leaf and root economic strategies of alpine coniferous forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:580-590. [PMID: 38488228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), as the labile fraction and dominant carbon currency, are essential mediators of plant adaptation to environments. However, whether and how NSC coordinates with plant economic strategy frameworks, particularly the well-recognized leaf economics spectrums (LES) and root economics space (RES), remains unclear. We examined the relationships between NSC and key plant economics traits in leaves and fine roots across 90 alpine coniferous populations on the Tibetan Plateau, China. We observed contrasting coordination of NSC with economics traits in leaves and roots. Leaf total NSC and soluble sugar aligned with the leaf economic spectrum, conveying a trade-off between growth and storage in leaves. However, NSC in roots was independent of the root economic spectrum, but highly coordinated with root foraging, with more starch and less sugar in forage-efficient, thinner roots. Further, NSC-trait coordination in leaves and roots was, respectively, driven by local temperature and precipitation. These findings highlight distinct roles of NSC in shaping the above- and belowground multidimensional economics trait space, and NSC-based carbon economics provides a mechanistic understanding of how plants adapt to heterogeneous habitats and respond to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junxiang Ding
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qitong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Deliang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Huajun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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29
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Steichen S, Deshpande A, Mosey M, Loob J, Douchi D, Knoshaug EP, Brown S, Nielsen R, Weissman J, Carrillo LR, Laurens LML. Central transcriptional regulator controls photosynthetic growth and carbon storage in response to high light. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4842. [PMID: 38844786 PMCID: PMC11156908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon capture and biochemical storage are some of the primary drivers of photosynthetic yield and productivity. To elucidate the mechanisms governing carbon allocation, we designed a photosynthetic light response test system for genetic and metabolic carbon assimilation tracking, using microalgae as simplified plant models. The systems biology mapping of high light-responsive photophysiology and carbon utilization dynamics between two variants of the same Picochlorum celeri species, TG1 and TG2 elucidated metabolic bottlenecks and transport rates of intermediates using instationary 13C-fluxomics. Simultaneous global gene expression dynamics showed 73% of the annotated genes responding within one hour, elucidating a singular, diel-responsive transcription factor, closely related to the CCA1/LHY clock genes in plants, with significantly altered expression in TG2. Transgenic P. celeri TG1 cells expressing the TG2 CCA1/LHY gene, showed 15% increase in growth rates and 25% increase in storage carbohydrate content, supporting a coordinating regulatory function for a single transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Steichen
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Arnav Deshpande
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Megan Mosey
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Jessica Loob
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Damien Douchi
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Eric P Knoshaug
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Stuart Brown
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co. (EMTEC), CLD286 Annandale, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - Robert Nielsen
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co. (EMTEC), CLD286 Annandale, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - Joseph Weissman
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co. (EMTEC), CLD286 Annandale, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - L Ruby Carrillo
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co. (EMTEC), CLD286 Annandale, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - Lieve M L Laurens
- Bioenergy Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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Qu D, Wu F, Guo Y, Zhang J, Li M, Yang L, Wang L, Su H. Dark septate endophyte Anteaglonium sp. T010 promotes biomass accumulation in poplar by regulating sucrose metabolism and hormones. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae057. [PMID: 38775231 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Plant biomass is a highly promising renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels, chemicals and materials. Enhancing the content of plant biomass through endophyte symbiosis can effectively reduce economic and technological barriers in industrial production. In this study, we found that symbiosis with the dark septate endophyte (DSE) Anteaglonium sp. T010 significantly promoted the growth of poplar trees and increased plant biomass, including cellulose, lignin and starch. To further investigate whether plant biomass was related to sucrose metabolism, we analyzed the levels of relevant sugars and enzyme activities. During the symbiosis of Anteaglonium sp. T010, sucrose, fructose and glucose levels in the stem of poplar decreased, while the content of intermediates such as glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and UDP-glucose (UDPG), and the activity of enzymes related to sucrose metabolism, including sucrose synthase (SUSY), cell wall invertase (CWINV), fructokinase (FRK) and hexokinase, increased. In addition, the contents of glucose, fructose, starch, and their intermediates G6P, F6P and UDPG, as well as the enzyme activities of SUSY, CWINV, neutral invertase and FRK in roots were increased, which ultimately led to the increase of root biomass. Besides that, during the symbiotic process of Anteaglonium sp. T010, there were significant changes in the expression levels of root-related hormones, which may promote changes in sucrose metabolism and consequently increase the plant biomass. Therefore, this study suggested that DSE fungi can increase the plant biomass synthesis capacity by regulating the carbohydrate allocation and sink strength in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Qu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Fanlin Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yingtian Guo
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Lanshan District, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongyan Su
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Lanshan District, Linyi 276000, China
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31
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Li S, Li H, Wang J, Lu S, Liu Z, Jia H, Wei T, Guo J. The response of physiological and xylem anatomical traits under cadmium stress in Pinus thunbergii seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae046. [PMID: 38676919 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Studying the response of physiological and xylem anatomical traits under cadmium stress is helpful to understand plants' response to heavy metal stress. Here, seedlings of Pinus thunbergii Parl. were treated with 50, 100 and 150 mg kg-1 Cd2+ for 28 days. Cadmium and nonstructural carbohydrate content of leaves, stems and roots, root Cd2+ flux, cadmium distribution pattern in stem xylem and phloem, stem xylem hydraulic traits, cell wall component fractions of stems and roots, phytohormonal content such as abscisic acid, gibberellic acid 3, molecule -indole-3-acetic acid, and jasmonic acid from both leaves and roots, as well as xylem anatomical traits from both stems and roots were measured. Root Cd2+ flux increased from 50 to 100 mmol L-1 Cd2+ stress, however it decreased at 150 mmol L-1 Cd2+. Cellulose and hemicellulose in leaves, stems and roots did not change significantly under cadmium stress, while pectin decreased significantly. The nonstructural carbohydrate content of both leaves and stems showed significant changes under cadmium stress while the root nonstructural carbohydrate content was not affected. In both leaves and roots, the abscisic acid content significantly increased under cadmium stress, while the gibberellic acid 3, indole-3-acetic acid and jasmonic acid methylester content significantly decreased. Both xylem specific hydraulic conductivity and xylem water potential decreased with cadmium stress, however tracheid diameter and double wall thickness of the stems and roots were not affected. High cadmium intensity was found in both the stem xylem and phloem in all cadmium stressed treatments. Our study highlighted the in situ observation of cadmium distribution in both the xylem and phloem, and demonstrated the instant response of physiological traits such as xylem water potential, xylem specific hydraulic conductivity, root Cd2+ flux, nonstructural carbohydrate content, as well as phytohormonal content under cadmium stress, and the less affected traits such as xylem anatomical traits, cellulose and hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
| | - Sen Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
| | - Zepeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Jia
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
| | - Junkang Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Weiyang University Park, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, P.R. China
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Gessler A, Zweifel R. Beyond source and sink control - toward an integrated approach to understand the carbon balance in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:858-869. [PMID: 38375596 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A conceptual understanding on how the vegetation's carbon (C) balance is determined by source activity and sink demand is important to predict its C uptake and sequestration potential now and in the future. We have gathered trajectories of photosynthesis and growth as a function of environmental conditions described in the literature and compared them with current concepts of source and sink control. There is no clear evidence for pure source or sink control of the C balance, which contradicts recent hypotheses. Using model scenarios, we show how legacy effects via structural and functional traits and antecedent environmental conditions can alter the plant's carbon balance. We, thus, combined the concept of short-term source-sink coordination with long-term environmentally driven legacy effects that dynamically acclimate structural and functional traits over time. These acclimated traits feedback on the sensitivity of source and sink activity and thus change the plant physiological responses to environmental conditions. We postulate a whole plant C-coordination system that is primarily driven by stomatal optimization of growth to avoid a C source-sink mismatch. Therefore, we anticipate that C sequestration of forest ecosystems under future climate conditions will largely follow optimality principles that balance water and carbon resources to maximize growth in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Park SH, Kim JG. The reduced growth due to elevated CO 2 concentration hinders the sexual reproduction of mature Northern pipevine (Aristolochia contorta Bunge ). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1359783. [PMID: 38571710 PMCID: PMC10987783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1359783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The phenology has gained considerably more attention in recent times of climate change. The transition from vegetative to reproductive phases is a critical process in the life history of plants, closely tied to phenology. In an era of climate change, understanding how environmental factors affect this transition is of paramount importance. This study consisted of field surveys and a greenhouse experiment on the reproductive biology of Northern pipevine (Aristolochia contorta Bunge). During field surveys, we investigated the environmental factors and growth characteristics of mature A. contorta, with a focus on both its vegetative and reproductive phases. In its successful flowering during the reproductive phase, A. contorta grew under the conditions of 40% relative light intensity and 24% soil moisture content, and had a vertical rhizome. In the greenhouse experiments, we examined the impact of increased CO2 concentration on the growth and development of 10-year-old A. contorta, considering the effect of rhizome direction. Planted with a vertical rhizome direction, A. contorta exhibited sufficient growth for flowering under ambient CO2 concentrations. In contrast, when planted with a horizontal rhizome direction, it was noted to significantly impede successful growth and flowering under elevated CO2 concentrations. This hindered the process of flowering, highlighting the pivotal role of substantial vegetative growth in achieving successful flowering. Furthermore, we observed a higher number of underground buds and shoots under the conditions of elevated CO2 concentration and a horizontal rhizome direction instead of flowering. Elevated CO2 concentrations also exhibited diverse effects on mature A. contorta's flower traits, resulting in smaller flower size, shorter longevity, and reduced stigma receptivity, and pollen viability. The study shed light on elevated CO2 concentrations can hinder growth, potentially obstructing sexual reproduction and diminishing genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Education Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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34
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Shekhar A, Hörtnagl L, Paul-Limoges E, Etzold S, Zweifel R, Buchmann N, Gharun M. Contrasting impact of extreme soil and atmospheric dryness on the functioning of trees and forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169931. [PMID: 38199368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate an increase in the frequency of extreme compound dryness days (days with both extreme soil AND air dryness) across central Europe in the future, with little information on their impact on the functioning of trees and forests. This study aims to quantify and assess the impact of extreme soil dryness, extreme air dryness, and extreme compound dryness on the functioning of trees and forests. For this, >15 years of ecosystem-level (carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes) and 6-10 years of tree-level measurements (transpiration and growth) each from a montane mixed deciduous forest (CH-Lae) and a subalpine evergreen coniferous forest (CH-Dav) in Switzerland, is used. The results showed extreme air dryness limitation on CO2 fluxes and extreme soil dryness limitations on water vapor fluxes. Additionally, CH-Dav was mainly affected by extreme air dryness whereas CH-Lae was affected by both extreme soil dryness and extreme air dryness. The impact of extreme compound dryness on net CO2 uptake (about 75 % decrease) was more due to higher increased ecosystem respiration (40 % and 70 % increase at CH-Dav and CH-Lae, respectively) than decreased gross primary productivity (10 % and 40 % decrease at CH-Dav and CH-Lae, respectively). A significant negative impact on evapotranspiration and transpiration was only observed at CH-Lae during extreme soil and compound dryness (about 25 % decrease). Furthermore, with some differences, the tree-level impact on tree water deficit, transpiration, and growth were consistent with the ecosystem-level impact on carbon uptake and evapotranspiration. Finally, the impact of extreme dryness showed no significant relationship with tree allometry (diameter and height) but across different tree species. The projected future is likely to expose these forest areas to more extreme and frequent dryness conditions, thus compromising the functioning of trees and forests, thereby calling for management interventions to increase the adaptive capacity and resistance of these forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugénie Paul-Limoges
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Etzold
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dutta R, Das P. Greenery planning for urban air pollution control based on biomonitoring potential: Explicit emphasis on foliar accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120524. [PMID: 38461639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, efficiencies of eight indigenous plants of Baishnabghata Patuli Township (BPT), southeast Kolkata, India, were explored as green barrier species and potentials of plant leaves were exploited for biomonitoring of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The present work focused on studying PM capturing abilities (539.32-2766.27 μg cm-2) of plants (T. divaricata, N. oleander and B. acuminata being the most efficient species in retaining PM) along with the estimation of foliar contents of PM adhered to leaf surfaces (total sPM (large + coarse): 526.59-2731.76 μg cm-2) and embedded within waxes (total wPM (large + coarse): 8.73-34.51 μg cm-2). SEM imaging used to analyse leaf surfaces affirmed the presence of innate corrugated microstructures as main drivers for particle capture. Accumulation capacities of PAHs of vehicular origin (total index, TI > 4) were compared among the species based on measured concentrations (159.92-393.01 μg g-1) which indicated T. divaricata, P. alba and N. cadamba as highest PAHs accumulators. Specific leaf area (SLA) of plants (71.01-376.79 cm2 g-1), a measure of canopy-atmosphere interface, had great relevance in PAHs diffusion. Relative contribution (>90%) of 4-6 ring PAHs to total carcinogenic equivalent and potential as well as 5-6 ring PAHs to total mutagenic equivalent and potential had also been viewed with respect to benzo[a]pyrene. In-depth analysis of foliar traits and adoption of plant-based ranking strategies (air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API)) provided a rationale for green belting. Each of the naturally selected plant species showed evidences of adaptations during abiotic stress to maximize survival and filtering effects for reductive elimination of ambient PM and PAHs, allowing holistic management of green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Ratna Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Papita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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36
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Pisuttu C, Risoli S, Cotrozzi L, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Hoshika Y, Baesso Moura B, Paoletti E. Untangling the role of leaf age specific osmoprotectant and antioxidant responses of two poplar clones under increasing ozone concentrations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108450. [PMID: 38402800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess different degrees of tolerance to abiotic stress, which can mitigate the detrimental effect of environmental inputs affecting carbon balance. Less is known about the functions of osmoprotectants in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated at different sites depending on leaf age. This study aimed to clarify the osmotic adjustments adopted by old and young leaves of Oxford and I-214 poplar clones [differing in ozone (O3) sensitivity] to cope with three levels of O3 [ambient (AA), and two elevated O3 levels]. In both clones, the impact of intermediate O3 concentrations (1.5 × AA) on ROS production appeared to be leaf age-specific, given the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) observed only in old leaves of the Oxford plants and in young leaves of the I-214 ones (2- fold higher than AA and +79%, respectively). The induction of an oxidative burst was associated with membrane injury, indicating an inadequate response of the antioxidative systems [decrease of lutein and β-carotene (-37 and -85% in the old leaves of the Oxford plants), accumulation of proline and tocopherols (+60 and +12% in the young leaves of the I-214 ones)]. Intermediate O3 concentrations reacted with unsaturated lipids of the plasma membrane in old and young leaves of the Oxford plants, leading to an increase of malondialdehyde by-products (more than 2- fold higher than AA), while no effect was recorded for I-214. The impact of the highest O3 concentrations (2.0 × AA) on ROS production did not appear clone-specific, which may react with cell wall components by leading to oxidative pressure. Outcomes demonstrated the ability of young leaves of I-214 plants in contain O3 phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Risoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; University of School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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37
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Lin S, Wang H, Dai J, Ge Q. Spring wood phenology responds more strongly to chilling temperatures than bud phenology in European conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad146. [PMID: 38079514 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A comparative assessment of bud and wood phenology could aid a better understanding of tree growth dynamics. However, the reason for asynchronism or synchronism in leaf and cambial phenology remains unclear. To test the assumption that the temporal relationship between the budburst date and the onset date of wood formation is due to their common or different responses to environmental factors, we constructed a wood phenology dataset from previous literature, and compared it with an existing bud phenology dataset in Europe. We selected three common conifers (Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L.) in both datasets and analyzed 909 records of the onset of wood formation at 47 sites and 238,720 records of budburst date at 3051 sites. We quantified chilling accumulation (CA) and forcing requirement (FR) of budburst and onset of wood formation based on common measures of CA and FR. We then constructed negative exponential CA-FR curves for bud and wood phenology separately. The results showed that the median, variance and probability distribution of CA-FR curves varied significantly between bud and wood phenology for three conifers. The different FR under the same chilling condition caused asynchronous bud and wood phenology. Furthermore, the CA-FR curves manifested that wood phenology was more sensitive to chilling than bud phenology. Thus, the FR of the onset of wood formation increases more than that of budburst under the same warming scenarios, explaining the stronger earlier trends in the budburst date than the onset date of woody formation simulated by the process-based model. Our work not only provides a possible explanation for asynchronous bud and wood phenology from the perspective of organ-specific responses to chilling and forcing, but also develops a phenological model for predicting both bud and wood phenology with acceptable uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanjiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Sector H-9, East Service Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Quansheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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38
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Lozano YM, Dueñas JF, Zordick C, Rillig MC. Microplastic fibres affect soil fungal communities depending on drought conditions with consequences for ecosystem functions. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16549. [PMID: 38196372 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics affect soil functions depending on drought conditions. However, how their combined effect influences soil fungi and their linkages with ecosystem functions is still unknown. To address this, we used rhizosphere soil from a previous experiment in which we employed microplastic fibres addition and drought in a factorial design, and evaluated their effects on soil fungal communities. Microplastics decreased soil fungal richness under well-watered conditions, likely linked to microplastics leaching toxic substances into the soil, and microplastic effects on root fineness. Under drought, by contrast, microplastics increased pathogen and total fungal richness, likely related to microplastic positive effects on soil properties, such as water holding capacity, porosity or aggregation. Soil fungal richness was the attribute most affected by microplastics and drought. Microplastics altered the relationships between soil fungi and ecosystem functions to the point that many of them flipped from positive to negative or disappeared. The combined effect of microplastics and drought on fungal richness mitigated their individual negative effect (antagonism), suggesting that changes in soil water conditions may alter the action mode of microplastics in soil. Microplastic leaching of harmful substances can be mitigated under drought, while the improvement of soil properties by microplastics may alleviate such drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lozano
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - J F Dueñas
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Zordick
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
| | - M C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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39
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Zhou Q, Shi H, He R, Liu H, Zhu W, Wu S, Zhang Q, Dang H. Climate warming could free cold-adapted trees from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over growth. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17016. [PMID: 37921358 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon allocation has been fundamental for long-lived trees to survive cold stress at their upper elevation range limit. Although carbon allocation between non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) storage and structural growth is well-documented, it still remains unclear how ongoing climate warming influences these processes, particularly whether these two processes will shift in parallel or respond divergently to warming. Using a combination of an in situ downward-transplant warming experiment and an ex situ chamber warming treatment, we investigated how subalpine fir trees at their upper elevation limit coordinated carbon allocation priority among different sinks (e.g., NSC storage and structural growth) at whole-tree level in response to elevated temperature. We found that transplanted individuals from the upper elevation limit to lower elevations generally induced an increase in specific leaf area, but there was no detected evidence of warming effect on leaf-level saturated photosynthetic rates. Additionally, our results challenged the expectation that climate warming will accelerate structural carbon accumulation while maintaining NSC constant. Instead, individuals favored allocating available carbon to NSC storage over structural growth after 1 year of warming, despite the amplification in total biomass encouraged by both in situ and ex situ experimental warming. Unexpectedly, continued warming drove a regime shift in carbon allocation priority, which was manifested in the increase of NSC storage in synchrony to structural growth enhancement. These findings imply that climate warming would release trees at their cold edge from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over structural growth. Thus, understanding the strategical regulation of the carbon allocation priority and the distinctive function of carbon sink components is of great implication for predicting tree fate in the future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haishan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Li F, Qing T, Wu F, Yue K, Zhu J, Ni X. Trade-off in the partitioning of recent photosynthate carbon under global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17110. [PMID: 38273584 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There may be trade-offs in the allocation patterns of recent photosynthetic carbon (RPC) allocation in response to environmental changes, with a greater proportion of RPC being directed towards compartments experiencing limited resource availability. Alternatively, the allocation of RPC could shift from sources to sinks as plants processing excess photosynthates. It prompts the question: Does the pattern of RPC allocation vary under global changes? If so, is this variation driven by optimal or by residual C allocation strategies? We conducted a meta-analysis by complicating 273 pairwise observations from 55 articles with 13 C or 14 C pulse or continuous labeling to assess the partitioning of RPC in biomass (leaf, stem, shoot, and root), soil pools (soil organic C, rhizosphere, and microbial biomass C) and CO2 fluxes under elevated CO2 (eCO2 ), warming, drought and nitrogen (N) addition. We propose that the increased allocation of RPC to belowground under sufficient CO2 results from the excretion of excess photosynthates. Warming led to a significant reduction in the percentage of RPC allocated to shoots, alongside an increase in roots allocation, although this was not statistically significant. This pattern is due to the reduced water availability resulting from warming. In conditions of drought, there was a notable increase in the partitioning of RPC to stems (+7.25%) and roots (+36.38%), indicative of a greater investment of RPC in roots for accessing water from deeper soil. Additionally, N addition led to a heightened allocation of RPC in leaves (+10.18%) and shoots (+5.78%), while reducing its partitioning in soil organic C (-8.92%). Contrary to the residual C partitioning observed under eCO2 , the alterations in RPC partitioning in response to warming, drought, and N supplementation are more comprehensively explained through the lens of optimal partitioning theory, showing a trade-off in the partitioning of RPC under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Qing
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyin Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
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Xia H, Zhang T, Li X, He T, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang K. Effects of drought and nutrient deficiencies on the allocation of recently fixed carbon in a plant-soil-microbe system. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1903-1916. [PMID: 37584459 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) allocation plays an important role in plant adaptation to water and nutrient stresses. However, the effects of drought and nutrient deficiencies on the allocation of recently fixed C in the plant-soil-microbe system remain largely unknown. Herein, we studied the response of C allocation of Sophora moorcroftiana (an indigenous pioneer shrub in Tibet) to drought, nitrogen (N) deficiency and phosphorus (P) deficiency using a microcosm experiment. The 13CO2 continuous labeling was used to trace C allocation in the plant-soil-microbe system. We found that drought significantly reduced plant 13C, but it increased 13C accumulation in soil. The decreased plant 13C under drought was attributed to the decrease of 13C in stem and root rather than that in leaf. The excess 13C fraction in the microbial biomass (MB13C) was reduced by N deficiency, but it was not affected by the combination of drought and N deficiency, indicating that drought weakened the effects of N deficiency on MB13C. By contrast, MB13C increased under the combination of drought and P deficiency, suggesting that drought enhanced the effects of P deficiency on MB13C. Drought and nutrient deficiencies regulated the belowground 13C allocation. Specifically, drought and P deficiency increased the allocation of 13C to root and N deficiency regulated the allocation of 13C to microbial biomass C and dissolved organic C in soil. Notably, soil 13C decreased with increasing plant 13C, while MB13C first decreased and then increased with increasing plant 13C. Overall, our study demonstrated that drought and nutrient deficiencies interactively affected C allocation in a plant-soil-microbe system and provided insights into C allocation strategies in response to multiple resource (water and nutrient) stresses under environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 201 Jiufeng 1 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Science, Tibet University, No. 10 Zangda East Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850000, P.R. China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 201 Jiufeng 1 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Tiehu He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 201 Jiufeng 1 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 201 Jiufeng 1 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Jiehao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 201 Jiufeng 1 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Kerong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 201 Jiufeng 1 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
- College of Science, Tibet University, No. 10 Zangda East Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa 850000, P.R. China
- Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, The Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, No. 201 Jiufeng 1 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
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Prats KA, Fanton AC, Brodersen CR, Furze ME. Starch depletion in the xylem and phloem ray parenchyma of grapevine stems under drought. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad062. [PMID: 37899975 PMCID: PMC10601394 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
While nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) storage can support long-lived woody plants during abiotic stress, the timing and extent of their use are less understood, as are the thresholds for cell mortality as NSCs and water supplies are consumed. Here, we combine physiological and imaging tools to study the response of Vitis riparia to a 6-week experimental drought. We focused on the spatial and temporal dynamics of starch consumption and cell viability in the xylem and phloem of the stem. Starch dynamics were further corroborated with enzymatic starch digestion and X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging. Starch depletion in the stems of droughted plants was detected after 2 weeks and continued over time. We observed distinct differences in starch content and cell viability in the xylem and phloem. By the end of the drought, nearly all the starch was consumed in the phloem ray parenchyma (98 % decrease), and there were almost no metabolically active cells in the phloem. In contrast, less starch was consumed in the xylem ray parenchyma (30 % decrease), and metabolically active cells remained in the ray and vessel-associated parenchyma in the xylem. Our data suggest that the higher proportion of living cells in the phloem and cambium, combined with smaller potential NSC storage area, rapidly depleted starch, which led to cell death. In contrast, the larger cross-sectional area of the xylem ray parenchyma with higher NSC storage and lower metabolically active cell populations depleted starch at a slower pace. Why NSC source-sink relationships between xylem and phloem do not allow for a more uniform depletion of starch in ray parenchyma over time is unclear. Our data help to pinpoint the proximate and ultimate causes of plant death during prolonged drought exposure and highlight the need to consider the influence of within-organ starch dynamics and cell mortality on abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra A Prats
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ana C Fanton
- Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, INRAE, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave-d’Ornon 33140, France
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Morgan E Furze
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Meeran K, Verbrigghe N, Ingrisch J, Fuchslueger L, Müller L, Sigurðsson P, Sigurdsson BD, Wachter H, Watzka M, Soong JL, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Bahn M. Individual and interactive effects of warming and nitrogen supply on CO 2 fluxes and carbon allocation in subarctic grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5276-5291. [PMID: 37427494 PMCID: PMC10962691 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming has been suggested to impact high latitude grasslands severely, potentially causing considerable carbon (C) losses from soil. Warming can also stimulate nitrogen (N) turnover, but it is largely unclear whether and how altered N availability impacts belowground C dynamics. Even less is known about the individual and interactive effects of warming and N availability on the fate of recently photosynthesized C in soil. On a 10-year geothermal warming gradient in Iceland, we studied the effects of soil warming and N addition on CO2 fluxes and the fate of recently photosynthesized C through CO2 flux measurements and a 13 CO2 pulse-labeling experiment. Under warming, ecosystem respiration exceeded maximum gross primary productivity, causing increased net CO2 emissions. N addition treatments revealed that, surprisingly, the plants in the warmed soil were N limited, which constrained primary productivity and decreased recently assimilated C in shoots and roots. In soil, microbes were increasingly C limited under warming and increased microbial uptake of recent C. Soil respiration was increased by warming and was fueled by increased belowground inputs and turnover of recently photosynthesized C. Our findings suggest that a decade of warming seemed to have induced a N limitation in plants and a C limitation by soil microbes. This caused a decrease in net ecosystem CO2 uptake and accelerated the respiratory release of photosynthesized C, which decreased the C sequestration potential of the grassland. Our study highlights the importance of belowground C allocation and C-N interactions in the C dynamics of subarctic ecosystems in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niel Verbrigghe
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lena Müller
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | | | - Herbert Wachter
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jennifer L. Soong
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Soil and Crop Sciences DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Chen X, Avia K, Forler A, Remoué C, Venon A, Rousselet A, Lucas G, Kwarteng AO, Rover R, Le Guilloux M, Belcram H, Combes V, Corti H, Olverà-Vazquez S, Falque M, Alins G, Kirisits T, Ursu TM, Roman A, Volk GM, Bazot S, Cornille A. Ecological and evolutionary drivers of phenotypic and genetic variation in the European crabapple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.], a wild relative of the cultivated apple. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1025-1037. [PMID: 37148364 PMCID: PMC10332392 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studying the relationship between phenotypic and genetic variation in populations distributed across environmental gradients can help us to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes involved in population divergence. We investigated the patterns of genetic and phenotypic diversity in the European crabapple, Malus sylvestris, a wild relative of the cultivated apple (Malus domestica) that occurs naturally across Europe in areas subjected to different climatic conditions, to test for divergence among populations. METHODS Growth rates and traits related to carbon uptake in seedlings collected across Europe were measured in controlled conditions and associated with the genetic status of the seedlings, which was assessed using 13 microsatellite loci and the Bayesian clustering method. Isolation-by-distance, isolation-by-climate and isolation-by-adaptation patterns, which can explain genetic and phenotypic differentiation among M. sylvestris populations, were also tested. KEY RESULTS A total of 11.6 % of seedlings were introgressed by M. domestica, indicating that crop-wild gene flow is ongoing in Europe. The remaining seedlings (88.4 %) belonged to seven M. sylvestris populations. Significant phenotypic trait variation among M. sylvestris populations was observed. We did not observe significant isolation by adaptation; however, the significant association between genetic variation and the climate during the Last Glacial Maximum suggests that there has been local adaptation of M. sylvestris to past climates. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the phenotypic and genetic differentiation among populations of a wild relative of the cultivated apple. This might help us to make better use of its diversity and provide options for mitigating the impact of climate change on the cultivated apple through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Avia
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - A Forler
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Remoué
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Venon
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Rousselet
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Lucas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - A O Kwarteng
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Rover
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Le Guilloux
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Belcram
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - V Combes
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Corti
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Olverà-Vazquez
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Falque
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Alins
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA-Fruit Production, PCiTAL, Parc 21 de Gardeny, edifici Fruitcentre, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - T Kirisits
- Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection (IFFF), Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Peter-Jordan-Straße 82 (Franz Schwackhöfer-Haus), A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - T M Ursu
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, 48 Republicii St., Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Roman
- NIRDBS, Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, 48 Republicii St., Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G M Volk
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - S Bazot
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris‐Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Cornille
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE – Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Solly EF, Jaeger ACH, Barthel M, Werner RA, Zürcher A, Hagedorn F, Six J, Hartmann M. Water limitation intensity shifts carbon allocation dynamics in Scots pine mesocosms. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 490:499-519. [PMID: 37780069 PMCID: PMC10533586 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Tree species worldwide suffer from extended periods of water limitation. These conditions not only affect the growth and vitality of trees but also feed back on the cycling of carbon (C) at the plant-soil interface. However, the impact of progressing water loss from soils on the transfer of assimilated C belowground remains unresolved. Methods Using mesocosms, we assessed how increasing levels of water deficit affect the growth of Pinus sylvestris saplings and performed a 13C-CO2 pulse labelling experiment to trace the pathway of assimilated C into needles, fine roots, soil pore CO2, and phospholipid fatty acids of soil microbial groups. Results With increasing water limitation, trees partitioned more biomass belowground at the expense of aboveground growth. Moderate levels of water limitation barely affected the uptake of 13C label and the transit time of C from needles to the soil pore CO2. Comparatively, more severe water limitation increased the fraction of 13C label that trees allocated to fine roots and soil fungi while a lower fraction of 13CO2 was readily respired from the soil. Conclusions When soil water becomes largely unavailable, C cycling within trees becomes slower, and a fraction of C allocated belowground may accumulate in fine roots or be transferred to the soil and associated microorganisms without being metabolically used. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06093-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Solly
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid C. H. Jaeger
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Grassland Sciences Group, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Zürcher
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biogeochemistry Group, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903 Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biogeochemistry Group, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903 Switzerland
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Meng F, Liu D, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang T. Negative relationship between photosynthesis and late-stage canopy development and senescence over Tibetan Plateau. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3147-3158. [PMID: 36883758 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Canopy greening, which is associated with significant canopy structure changes, is the most notable signal of ecosystem changes in response to anthropogenic climate change. However, our knowledge of the changing pattern of canopy development and senescence, and its endogenous and climatic drivers is still limited. Here, we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to quantify the changes in the speed of canopy development and senescence over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during 2000-2018, and used a solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence dataset as a proxy for photosynthesis, in combination with climate datasets to decipher the endogenous and climatic drivers of the interannual variation in canopy changes. We found that the canopy development during the early green-up stage (April-May) is accelerating at a rate of 0.45-0.8 × 10-3 month-1 year-1 . However, this accelerating canopy development was largely offset by a decelerating canopy development during June and July (-0.61 to -0.51 × 10-3 month-1 year-1 ), leading to the peak NDVI over the TP increasing at a rate of only one fifth of that in northern temperate regions, and less than one tenth of that in the Arctic and boreal regions. During the green-down period, we observed a significant accelerating canopy senescence during October. Photosynthesis was found to be the dominant driver for canopy changes over the TP. Increasing photosynthesis stimulates canopy development during the early green-up stage. However, slower canopy development and accelerated senescence was found with larger photosynthesis in late growth stages. This negative relationship between photosynthesis and canopy development is probably linked to the source-sink balance of plants and shifts in the allocation regime. These results suggest a sink limitation for plant growth over the TP. The impact of canopy greening on the carbon cycle may be more complicated than the source-oriented paradigm used in current ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hou E, Ma S, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Kim HS, López-Blanco E, Jiang L, Xia J, Tao F, Williams C, Williams M, Ricciuto D, Hanson PJ, Luo Y. Across-model spread and shrinking in predicting peatland carbon dynamics under global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2759-2775. [PMID: 36799318 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Large across-model spread in simulating land carbon (C) dynamics has been ubiquitously demonstrated in model intercomparison projects (MIPs), and became a major impediment in advancing climate change prediction. Thus, it is imperative to identify underlying sources of the spread. Here, we used a novel matrix approach to analytically pin down the sources of across-model spread in transient peatland C dynamics in response to a factorial combination of two atmospheric CO2 levels and five temperature levels. We developed a matrix-based MIP by converting the C cycle module of eight land models (i.e., TEM, CENTURY4, DALEC2, TECO, FBDC, CASA, CLM4.5 and ORCHIDEE) into eight matrix models. While the model average of ecosystem C storage was comparable to the measurement, the simulation differed largely among models, mainly due to inter-model difference in baseline C residence time. Models generally overestimated net ecosystem production (NEP), with a large spread that was mainly attributed to inter-model difference in environmental scalar. Based on the sources of spreads identified, we sequentially standardized model parameters to shrink simulated ecosystem C storage and NEP to almost none. Models generally captured the observed negative response of NEP to warming, but differed largely in the magnitude of response, due to differences in baseline C residence time and temperature sensitivity of decomposition. While there was a lack of response of NEP to elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) concentrations in the measurements, simulated NEP responded positively to eCO2 concentrations in most models, due to the positive responses of simulated net primary production. Our study used one case study in Minnesota peatland to demonstrate that the sources of across-model spreads in simulating transient C dynamics can be precisely traced to model structures and parameters, regardless of their complexity, given the protocol that all the matrix models were driven by the same gross primary production and environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqing Hou
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu Zhou
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyung-Sub Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Efrén López-Blanco
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Environment and Minerals, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mathew Williams
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Meng F, Hong S, Wang J, Chen A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Janssens IA, Mao J, Myneni RB, Peñuelas J, Piao S. Climate change increases carbon allocation to leaves in early leaf green-up. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:816-826. [PMID: 36958943 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Global greening, characterized by an increase in leaf area index (LAI), implies an increase in foliar carbon (C). Whether this increase in foliar C under climate change is due to higher photosynthesis or to higher allocation of C to leaves remains unknown. Here, we explored the trends in foliar C accumulation and allocation during leaf green-up from 2000 to 2017 using satellite-derived LAI and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) across the Northern Hemisphere. The accumulation of foliar C accelerated in the early green-up period due to both increased photosynthesis and higher foliar C allocation driven by climate change. In the late stage of green-up, however, we detected decreasing trends in foliar C accumulation and foliar C allocation. Such stage-dependent trends in the accumulation and allocation of foliar C are not represented in current terrestrial biosphere models. Our results highlight that a better representation of C allocation should be incorporated into models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Hong
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shilong Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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49
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Tixier A, Forest M, Prudent M, Durey V, Zwieniecki M, Barnard RL. Root exudation of carbon and nitrogen compounds varies over the day-night cycle in pea: The role of diurnal changes in internal pools. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:962-974. [PMID: 36562125 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhizodeposition is the export of organic compounds from plant roots to the soil. Carbon allocation towards rhizodeposition has to be balanced with allocation for other physiological functions, which depend on both newly assimilated and stored nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). To test whether the exudation of primary metabolites scales with plant NSC status, we studied diurnal dynamics of NSC and amino acid (AA) pools and fluxes within the plant and the rhizosphere. These diurnal dynamics were measured in the field and under hydroponic-controlled conditions. Further, C-limiting treatments offered further insight into the regulation of rhizodeposition. The exudation of primary metabolites fluctuated diurnally. The diurnal dynamics of soluble sugars (SS) and AA concentrations in tissues coincided with exudate pool fluctuations in the rhizosphere. SS and AA pools in the rhizosphere increased with NSC and AA pools in the roots. C starvation treatments offset the balance of exudates: AA exudate content in the rhizosphere significantly decreased while SS exudate content remained stable. Our results suggest that rhizodeposition is to some extent controlled by plant C:N status. We propose that SS exudation is less controlled than AA exudation because N assimilation depends on controlled C supply while SS exudation relies to a greater extent on passive diffusion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Tixier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Forest
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Prudent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Durey
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Maciej Zwieniecki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Romain L Barnard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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50
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Wu QS, Silva FSB, Hijri M, Kapoor R. Editorial: Arbuscular mycorrhiza-mediated augmentation of plant secondary metabolite production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150900. [PMID: 36860900 PMCID: PMC9969354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fábio S. B. Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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