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Wang K, Li Y, Liu S, Liu H, Zhang T, Luo J. Can an intervention integrating sports and medicine improve children's health more effectively? Monitoring based on sleep, body mass index, and heart rate variability. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04040. [PMID: 38635801 PMCID: PMC11026036 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Theoretical studies have suggested that the integration of sports and medicine with one another could positively affect children's health. By monitoring the variation characteristics of children's sleep, body mass index (BMI), and heart rate variability (HRV), we explored and compared the influences of and differences between two interventions - physical exercise and an intervention integrating sports and medicine - on improving children's health. Methods We conducted a randomised controlled study, where we randomly divided 136 children into the physical exercise group (PEG), the integration of sports and medicine group (ISMG), and the control group. We measured sleep, BMI, and HRV at baseline and week eight. Results After the eight-week intervention, the sleep scores in the PEG and the ISMG were significantly lower than in the control group, while the scores in the ISMG were significantly lower than in the PEG. After the eight-week intervention, the BMI of both the PEG and the ISMG was significantly lower than that of the control group, without a significand difference between the two intervention groups. After the eight-week intervention, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square differences of the standard deviation (RMSSD), low-frequency of normal (LFn), and high-frequency of normal (HFn) in the PEG and the ISMG were significantly higher than those in the control group, again without a significant difference between the two intervention groups. After intervention, sleep, BMI, and HRV of the three groups were correlated with one another to different degrees, but the correlation coefficient of the two exercise groups was higher. Conclusions Based on the interventions, we observed a significant correlation between sleep, BMI, and HRV in children. Regular physical exercise or an intervention integrating sports and medicine could synergistically improve sleep, BMI, and HRV in this population, with the latter having a better effect on improving sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Liberal Studies, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College (Sports Work Department), Yubei, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengxu Liu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingran Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Luo
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, Chongqing, China
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Boman C, Bernhardsson S, Lundqvist S, Melin K, Lauruschkus K. Physical activity on prescription for children with obesity: a focus group study exploring experiences in paediatric healthcare. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 4:1306461. [PMID: 38638607 PMCID: PMC11024476 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1306461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Insufficient physical activity is a growing public health concern and is closely linked to obesity in both adults and children. Swedish physical activity on prescription (PAP) is effective in increasing physical activity levels in adults, but knowledge about how PAP is used in paediatric healthcare is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to explore experiences of working with PAP for children with obesity amongst paediatric staff and managers. Methods Seven focus group discussions with 26 participants from paediatric outpatient clinics in western Sweden were conducted. Data were analysed both inductively and deductively, framed by the Normalization Process Theory's four core constructs: coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring. Results The PAP work for children with obesity was experienced to be about helping children to become physically active, and less about losing weight. Identified barriers for using PAP were the non-uniform nature of the work and a perceived lack of guidelines. Collaboration with physiotherapists and physical activity organisers outside the organisation was identified as an important facilitator. An important contextual factor for implementing PAP is the collaboration between paediatric clinics and physical activity organisers. In the transition between these stakeholders, maintaining a family-centred approach when working with PAP was experienced as challenging. Conclusions PAP is a well-known intervention that is inconsistently used for children with obesity. The intervention should include a family-centred approach for this patient group. It also needs to align better with existing collaborations with other healthcare units as well as with new forms of collaboration with physical activity organisers in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Boman
- Region Västra Götaland, Centre for Physical Activity, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bernhardsson
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Research, Education, Development and Education Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lundqvist
- Region Västra Götaland, Centre for Physical Activity, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Research, Education, Development and Education Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Melin
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Lauruschkus
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Habilitation, Committee on Psychiatry, Habilitation and Technical Aids, Malmö, Sweden
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3
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Dowda M, Saunders RP, Dishman RK, Pate RR. Association of physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality with adiposity: a longitudinal analysis in children categorized by baseline weight status. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:240-246. [PMID: 37932409 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity rates have increased in recent years. The effectiveness of future public health interventions to reduce childhood obesity will be enhanced by a better understanding of behavioral factors that influence adiposity in children as they transition from childhood to adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine whether initial weight status modifies the longitudinal associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet quality with changes in adiposity over time. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 658 children (45% boys) were stratified into 3 groups based on 5th grade BMI percentiles ( < 85th, 85-95th, > 95th) and followed from 5th grade to 6th and/or 7th grade. Study variables, including fat-mass-index (FMI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), diet quality, and sedentary behavior, were measured at 5th, 6th, and/or 7th grades. Separate growth curve models were conducted within each weight status group to examine the associations between MVPA, sedentary behavior, diet quality and adiposity, operationalized as FMI. All models controlled for sex, maturity offset, race, and parent education. RESULTS Of the 658 children, 53% were classified with normal weight at baseline, 18% with overweight, and 29% with obesity. Associations between MVPA, sedentary behavior, diet quality and FMI varied within each weight status group. MVPA was negatively associated with adiposity (FMI) for all weight status groups. Diet quality and sedentary behavior were associated with adiposity only in children with obesity at baseline; neither diet quality nor sedentary behavior was associated with FMI for those with overweight. CONCLUSIONS MVPA was negatively associated with adiposity (FMI) in all weight status groups, suggesting that MVPA may protect against higher adiposity. Sedentary behavior and diet quality were associated with adiposity only in children with obesity at baseline; neither sedentary behavior nor diet quality was associated with FMI for children with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Ruth P Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Rod K Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Ramsey Student Center, 330 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6554, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Flores P, Coelho E, Mourão-Carvalhal I, Forte P. Relationships between Math Skills, Motor Skills, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Typically Developing Preschool Children. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1000. [PMID: 38131856 PMCID: PMC10740894 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of a relationship between motor and cognitive development. The literature has shown that of all the motor skills, fine motor skills are those that contribute most to mathematical performance in preschool children. As this is a sensitive period in the development of motor skills, low levels of physical activity in this period can compromise their development and contribute to weight gain and obesity. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the relationship between mathematical and motor skills, physical activity levels, and obesity. The sample consisted of 62 preschool children (32 males) with an average age of 4.63 ± 0.81. The Weschler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-revised arithmetic test was used to assess mathematical skills. The tests to assess fine motor skills were the "Adapted Threading Beads Test" and the "Adapted Visuomotor Integration Test". The movement assessment battery for children-2, band 1, "Aiming & Catching", and "Balance" tests were used to assess gross motor skills. Levels of physical activity were assessed using the "Preschool-age physical activity questionnaire" and obesity using the body mass index. The results indicated that only the fine motor skills of visuomotor integration were included in the multiple linear regression model (F < 0.001; r = 0.464; R2 = 0.215; p < 0.001), with the exclusion of gross motor skills, physical activity levels, and obesity levels. Thus, it was concluded that mathematical skills were only directly and significantly influenced by visuomotor integration. However, visuomotor integration was positively and significantly associated with gross motor skills (r = 0.269; p < 0.05) and not with levels of physical activity and obesity. Thus, gross motor skills could contribute to improving visuomotor integration directly and consequently mathematical skills indirectly. The results of this study suggest that the implementation of structured physical activity programs can contribute to mathematical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Flores
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Education and Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal;
| | - Eduarda Coelho
- Department of Sports, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal
- Department of Sports, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Education and Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
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Tosi M, Matelloni IA, Mancini M, Andreassi A, Scopari A, Rossi A, Verduci E, Berra C, Manfrini R, Banderali G, Pecori Giraldi F, Folli F. Multiple beneficial effects of 1-year nutritional-behavioral intervention on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese boys. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2331-2342. [PMID: 37069323 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is on the rise worldwide increasing the risk for metabolic, cardiovascular and liver diseases in children. Eating habits and lifestyle changes are currently the standard of care for treating pediatric obesity. Our study aimed to determine the impact of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the Health Eating Plate, on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese and overweight boys. METHODS We studied 126 overweight/obese boys with anthropometric measurements, blood biochemistry and nutrient intakes evaluation by means of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline, at 6 and 12 months after a nutritional-behavioral intervention. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intakes. BMI-SDS significantly decreased after 1 year with the proportion of obese boys decreasing by 33% and of overweight boys by 41%, while also all fat mass measures decreased both in obese and overweight individuals. In obese boys, ALT decreased significantly after 1-year nutritional intervention and these changes correlated with BMI-SDS reduction. Insulin-resistance and secretion indexes correlated with fat mass and BMI-SDS. In obese boys, significant changes were observed at 6 months for insulin concentrations, 1/HOMA-IR and QUICKI. With regard to the lipid profile, significant decreases were observed for total and LDL cholesterol in obese boys. CONCLUSION Metabolic and anthropometric risk factors in overweight and obese boys can be improved by a nutritional-behavioral intervention of 1-year duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tosi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - I A Matelloni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Andreassi
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Scopari
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Berra
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - R Manfrini
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - G Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Folli
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Börnhorst C, Pigeot I, De Henauw S, Formisano A, Lissner L, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Vrijkotte T, Didelez V, Wolters M. The effects of hypothetical behavioral interventions on the 13-year incidence of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:100. [PMID: 37620898 PMCID: PMC10463721 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the high burden of childhood overweight/obesity (OW/OB), it is important to identify targets for interventions that may have the greatest effects on preventing OW/OB in early life. Using methods of causal inference, we studied the effects of sustained behavioral interventions on the long-term risk of developing OW/OB based on a large European cohort. METHODS Our sample comprised 10 877 children aged 2 to < 10 years at baseline who participated in the well-phenotyped IDEFICS/I.Family cohort. Children were followed from 2007/08 to 2020/21. Applying the parametric g-formula, the 13-year risk of developing OW/OB was estimated under various sustained hypothetical interventions on physical activity, screen time, dietary intake and sleep duration. Interventions imposing adherence to recommendations (e.g. maximum 2 h/day screen time) as well as interventions 'shifting' the behavior by a specified amount (e.g. decreasing screen time by 30 min/day) were compared to 'no intervention' (i.e. maintaining the usual or so-called natural behavior). Separately, the effectiveness of these interventions in vulnerable groups was assessed. RESULTS The 13-year risk of developing OW/OB was 30.7% under no intervention and 25.4% when multiple interventions were imposed jointly. Meeting screen time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations were found to be most effective, reducing the incidence of OW/OB by -2.2 [-4.4;-0.7] and -2.1 [-3.7;-0.8] percentage points (risk difference [95% confidence interval]), respectively. Meeting sleep recommendations (-0.6 [-1.1;-0.3]) had a similar effect as increasing sleep duration by 30 min/day (-0.6 [-0.9;-0.3]). The most effective intervention in children of parents with low/medium educational level was being member in a sports club; for children of mothers with OW/OB, meeting screen time recommendations and membership in a sports club had the largest effects. CONCLUSIONS While the effects of single behavioral interventions sustained over 13 years were rather small, a joint intervention on multiple behaviors resulted in a relative reduction of the 13-year OW/OB risk by between 10 to 26%. Individually, meeting MVPA and screen time recommendations were most effective. Nevertheless, even under the joint intervention the absolute OW/OB risk remained at a high level of 25.4% suggesting that further strategies to better prevent OW/OB are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - I Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Formisano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - L Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - T Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Estonian Centre of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - T Vrijkotte
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Didelez
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - M Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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7
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Ródenas-Munar M, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Medrano M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Pulgar S, Segu M, Fitó M, Según G, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Schröder H, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Parents' Diet Quality and Physical Activity Are Associated with Lifestyle in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3617. [PMID: 37630807 PMCID: PMC10459595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with a low-quality diet, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior. OBJECTIVE To assess how parents' diet and physical activity habits were associated with their offsprings' lifestyles. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of 8-16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 2539; 51.9% girls) was carried out within the frame of the first edition of the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, Lifestyles, and Obesity in Spanish Youth study (PASOS-2019). Data on adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), daily moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time per day (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) were collected from children and adolescents, and data on parents' diet quality and physical activity were compiled. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between parents' lifestyles and those of children and adolescents. RESULTS High diet quality of parents was associated with higher adherence to the MedDiet of children and adolescents, as well as high consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, nuts, and legumes. The high physical activity level of parents was associated with the low consumption of fast foods, sweets, and candies in children and adolescents. Children with high levels of physical activity were those whose parents showed better diet quality and physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS Parents' high diet quality and physical activity were associated with healthy lifestyles, higher adherence to the MedDiet, and physical activity of their offspring, mainly in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marina Ródenas-Munar
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Medrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain;
| | - Marta Segu
- FC Barcelona Foundation, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Según
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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8
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A Meta-Analysis of Sampled Maximal Aerobic Capacity Data for Boys Aged 11 Years Old or Less Obtained by Cycle Ergometry. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020276. [PMID: 36836634 PMCID: PMC9967809 DOI: 10.3390/life13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop distributions of VO2max based on measured values that exist in the literature in prepubertal boys using cycle ergometry. PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this research. One database was searched for peak and maximal VO2 values in healthy boys with mean age under 11 years old. Data were split into articles reporting absolute and relative VO2max values and analyzed accordingly. Multilevel models grounded in Bayesian principles were used. We investigated associations between VO2max and body mass, year of the study, and country of origin. Differences in "peak" and "maximal" VO2 were assessed. Absolute VO2max (Lmin-1) increases with age (P ~100%) but mean relative VO2max does not change (P ~100%). Absolute VO2max is higher in more recent studies (P = 95.7 ± 0.3%) and mean relative VO2max is lower (P = 99.6 ± 0.1%). Relative VO2max in the USA is lower compared with boys from other countries (P = 98.8 ± 0.2%), but there are no differences in absolute values. Mean aerobic capacity estimates presented as "peak" values are higher than "maximal" values on an absolute basis (P = 97.5 ± 0.3%) but not on a relative basis (P = 99.6 ± 0.1%). Heavier boys have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (P ≈ 100%), and body mass seems to be increasing faster with age in the USA compared with other countries (P = 92.3 ± 0.3%). New reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness are presented for prepubertal boys obtained with cycle ergometry. This is new, as no reference values have been determined so far based on actual measured values in prepubertal boys. Aerobic capacity normalized to body weight does not change with age. Cardiorespiratory fitness in prepubertal boys is declining, which is associated with increasing body mass over the last few decades. Lastly, this study did not find any statistically significant difference in the sample's mean aerobic capacity estimates using the "peak" and "maximum" distinctions identified in the literature.
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9
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Prenatal Education Intervention for Increasing Knowledge and Changing Attitude Toward Offspring Obesity Risk Factors. J Perinat Educ 2022; 31:94-103. [PMID: 35386491 PMCID: PMC8970135 DOI: 10.1891/jpe-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design study pilot tested an educational intervention designed to increase knowledge of and change attitudes toward prenatal factors that increase risk of childhood offspring obesity in 36 pregnant women. Educational intervention content included monitoring blood glucose, gestational weight gain in pregnancy, healthy lifestyle choices, and breastfeeding. Education intervention delivery method included: Verbal, written, and video. Participants’ knowledge improved after the intervention for most topics (p = .03–.000). Their attitude score also differed before and after intervention (p = .002). Video delivery mode was the most useful, attractive, and most helpful method. This study showed an education intervention could potentially increase pregnant women’s knowledge and attitudes toward offspring obesity risk factors.
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10
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Libuy N, Bann D, Fitzsimons E. Inequalities in body mass index, diet and physical activity in the UK: Longitudinal evidence across childhood and adolescence. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100978. [PMID: 34950761 PMCID: PMC8671115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We use longitudinal data across a key developmental period, spanning much of childhood and adolescence (age 5 to 17, years 2006-2018) from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative study with an initial sample of just over 19,000. We first examine the extent to which inequalities in overweight, obesity, BMI and body fat over this period are consistent with the evolution of inequalities in health behaviours, including exercise and healthy diet markers (i.e., skipping breakfast) (n = 7,220). We next study the links between SES, health behaviours and adiposity (BMI, body fat), using rich models that account for the influence of a range of unobserved factors that are fixed over time. In this way, we improve on existing estimates measuring the relationship between SES and health behaviours on the one hand and adiposity on the other. The advantage of the individual fixed effects models is that they exploit within-individual changes over time to help mitigate biases due to unobserved fixed characteristics (n = 6,883). We observe stark income inequalities in BMI and body fat in childhood (age 5), which have further widened by age 17. Inequalities in obesity, physical activity, and skipping breakfast are observed to widen from age 7 onwards. Ordinary Least Square estimates reveal the previously documented SES gradient in adiposity, which is reduced slightly once health behaviours including breakfast consumption and physical activity are accounted for. The main substantive change in estimates comes from the fixed effects specification. Here we observe mixed findings on the SES associations, with a positive association between income and adiposity and a negative association with wealth. The role of health behaviours is attenuated but they remain important, particularly for body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Libuy
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Emla Fitzsimons
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
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11
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Haboush-Deloye A, Berlin H, Marquez E, Moonie S. Obesity in Early Childhood: Examining the Relationship among Demographic, Behavioral, Nutritional, and Socioeconomic Factors. Child Obes 2021; 17:349-356. [PMID: 33944617 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study sought to explore the combined relationship of physical activity, screen time, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, infant feeding practices, and demographic factors with obesity in early childhood. Methods: The current study included cross-sectional Kindergarten Health Survey data collected annually from 2012 to 2016. The sample included 7814 kindergarten students, with a mean age of 5.02 [standard deviation = 0.33]. A Multinomial Logistic Regression using body mass index as the dependent variable and select demographic traits, dietary practices, sedentary behaviors, and physical activity indicators as independent variables was used to assess relationship of aforementioned factors to obesity. Results: Children were more likely to be obese if they were non-Caucasian, male, lived in rural areas, lived at or below the poverty level, had public insurance, or lived in single-parent households. Children who received less than 30 minutes of physical activity 3 or fewer days per week, had more than 2 hours of daily screen time, consumed any amount of soda, and consumed anything other than breast milk at 6 months of age also had a higher probability of being obese. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that investments in prevention strategies are needed to address the behavioral patterns and socioeconomic disparities before kindergarten. Efforts that increase access to nutritious food, physical activity, and overall family wellness and education, such as high-quality early childhood education, could be feasible prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haboush-Deloye
- School of Public Health, Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Helena Berlin
- School of Public Health, Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Erika Marquez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Sheniz Moonie
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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12
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Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:769-783. [PMID: 33720094 PMCID: PMC9770153 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
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13
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Wärnberg J, Pérez-Farinós N, Benavente-Marín JC, Gómez SF, Labayen I, G. Zapico A, Gusi N, Aznar S, Alcaraz PE, González-Valeiro M, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Tur JA, Segú M, Lassale C, Homs C, Oses M, González-Gross M, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Marín-Cascales E, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar S, Bibiloni MDM, Sancho-Moron O, Schröder H, Barón-López FJ. Screen Time and Parents' Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:795. [PMID: 33669366 PMCID: PMC7920265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate if screen time and parents' education levels are associated with adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study analyzed a representative sample of 3333 children and adolescents (8 to 16 years) included in the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS) study in Spain (which ran from March 2019 to February 2020). Data on screen time (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) per day, Mediterranean diet adherence, daily moderate or vigorous physical activity, and parents' education levels were gathered using questionnaires. A descriptive study of the variables according to sex and parents' education level was performed. Logistic regression models (adjusted by sex and weight status) were fitted to evaluate the independent association between screen time and Kids' level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED) index, as well as some of its items. A greater amount of screen time was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet; a lower consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, legumes, and nuts; and a greater consumption of fast food, sweets, and candies. A lower parents' education level was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to promote the responsible, limited use of screen time, especially in children with parents with a lower education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wärnberg
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
| | - Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
| | - Santiago Felipe Gómez
- Programs, Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro Emilio Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain; (P.E.A.); (E.M.-C.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain; (M.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine–Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés and Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Group of Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Segú
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (O.S.-M.)
| | - Camille Lassale
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Clara Homs
- Programs, Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Blanquerna Ramon Llull University Faculty of Health Sciences, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maddi Oses
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain; (P.E.A.); (E.M.-C.)
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain; (M.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine–Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés and Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - María del Mar Bibiloni
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Group of Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Barón-López
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
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14
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Wang L, Jansen W, van Grieken A, Vlasblom E, Boere-Boonekamp MM, L'Hoir MP, Raat H. Identifying patterns of lifestyle behaviours among children of 3 years old. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:1115-1121. [PMID: 32653911 PMCID: PMC7733046 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the patterns of lifestyle behaviours in children aged 3 years, to investigate the parental and child characteristics associated with the lifestyle patterns, and to examine whether the identified lifestyle patterns are associated with child BMI and weight status. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 2090 children 3 years old participating in the Dutch BeeBOFT study were used. Child dietary intakes, screen times and physical activity were assessed by parental questionnaire, and child weight and height were measured by trained professionals according to a standardized protocol. Latent class analysis was applied to identify patterns of lifestyle behaviours among children. RESULTS Three subgroups of children with distinct patterns of lifestyle behaviours were identified: the 'unhealthy lifestyle' pattern (36%), the 'low snacking and low screen time' pattern (48%) and the 'active, high fruit and vegetable, high snacking and high screen time' pattern (16%). Children with low maternal educational level, those raised with permissive parenting style (compared those with authoritative parents), and boys were more likely be allocated to the 'unhealthy lifestyle' pattern and the 'active, high fruit and vegetable, high snacking and high screen time' pattern (P < 0.05). No association was found between the identified lifestyle patterns and child BMI z-score at age 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Three different lifestyle patterns were observed among children aged 3 years. Low maternal educational level, permissive parenting style and male gender of the child were associated with having unhealthy lifestyle patterns for the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Development, City of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Magda M Boere-Boonekamp
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Monique P L'Hoir
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Subdivision Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Brotons C. Healthy habits and risk factors of parents can have long-term clinical consequences in their offspring. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 29:880-882. [PMID: 33624077 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Brotons
- Sardenya Primary Health Care Center, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Sardenya 466. 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Obesity in Young Adulthood: The Role of Physical Activity Level, Musculoskeletal Pain, and Psychological Distress in Adolescence (The HUNT-Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124603. [PMID: 32604978 PMCID: PMC7344583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic raises long-term health concerns which underline the importance of preventive efforts. We aimed to investigate individual and combined effects of common health problems in adolescence on the probability of obesity in young adulthood. This prospective population-based study included data from participants in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway (Young-HUNT1 (1995–1997), age 13–19, baseline) who participated in HUNT3 as young adults 11 years later (age 23–31). Exposure variables at baseline included self-reported physical activity, musculoskeletal pain, and psychological distress. We examined associations between exposure variables and the main outcome of obesity in young adulthood (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) using univariate and multiple logistic regression, stratified by sex. Probabilities of obesity for given combinations of the exposure variables were visualized in risk matrixes. The study sample consisted of 1859 participants (43.6% boys). Higher probabilities of obesity in young adulthood were found across combinations of lower physical activity levels and presence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescence. Additional adverse effects of psychological distress were low. Proactive intervention strategies to promote physical activity and facilitate sports participation for all adolescents, whilst addressing musculoskeletal pain and its potential individual causes, could prove helpful to prevent development of obesity in young adulthood.
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17
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The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children between 1990 and 2019. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2512-2520. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to examine the temporal prevalence of overweight and obesity in Irish children through different methodologies and evaluate the change in rates between 1990 and 2019.Design:Anthropometric data from three Irish national food consumption surveys were used to examine the change in the prevalence of BMI and waist circumference-derived overweight and obesity levels.Setting:Three cross-sectional food consumption surveys from the Republic of Ireland: the Irish National Nutrition Survey (1990), the National Children’s Food Survey (2005) and The Second National Children’s Food Survey (2019).Participants:A demographically representative sample of Irish children aged 5–12 years: 1990 (n 148), 2005 (n 594) and 2019 (n 596).Results:Twelve percentage of children had overweight/obesity in 1990, which was significantly higher in 2005 at 25 % and significantly lower in 2019 at 16 % (P = 0·003). In 2019, more girls had overweight/obesity in comparison with boys (19 v. 14 %), whilst children from the lowest social class group had the highest levels of overweight/obesity (P = 0·019). Overall, the proportion of children with abdominal overweight/obesity was significantly lower in 2019 in comparison with 2005 (P ≤ 0·001).Conclusions:Evidence from the most recent national survey suggests that overweight and obesity levels are plateauing and in some cases reducing in children in Ireland. Despite this, rates remain high, with the highest prevalence in 2019 observed in girls and in those from the lowest social class group. Thus, overweight/obesity prevention and intervention policies are necessary and should be continued.
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18
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Neshteruk CD, Mazzucca S, Vaughn AE, Jones DJ, Ward DS. Identifying patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices and associations with preschool children's physical activity and adiposity. Prev Med Rep 2020; 18:101068. [PMID: 32154095 PMCID: PMC7058893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical activity and screen time parenting practices influence children's behaviors, little work has examined how these practices work in combination. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices, and examine differences in preschool children's physical activity, sedentary behavior, and adiposity among the identified patterns. Data were collected in 2009-2012 from 319 parent-child dyads enrolled in a randomized trial testing a parent-focused obesity prevention intervention. At baseline, physical activity and screen time parenting practices were assessed using a validated self-report survey. Children's physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using accelerometers and child anthropometrics were objectively measured. Latent profile analyses identified patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices. Differences in child outcomes were tested among the identified classes. Three parent classes were identified: Rewarders (n = 165), Activity Supportive (n = 98), and Screen Time Permissive (n = 56). Rewarder parents were characterized by the highest scores on using physical activity and screen time to reward or control children's behavior. Activity Supportive parents generally had the highest scores on practices to promote physical activity, while Screen Time Permissive parents had the highest scores on practices facilitating screen time. There were no differences in the mean child physical activity, sedentary behavior or BMI z-score among the three classes. Findings revealed distinct classes of parents that could provide modifiable targets for family-based physical activity promotion, but more work is needed examining the influence of these patterns longitudinally and in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D. Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amber E. Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Deborah J. Jones
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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19
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Andersson White P, Ludvigsson J, Jones MP, Faresjo T. Inequalities in cardiovascular risks among Swedish adolescents (ABIS): a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e030613. [PMID: 32086351 PMCID: PMC7044991 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if socioeconomic status (SES) is predictive of cardiovascular risk factors among Swedish adolescents. Identify the most important SES variable for the development of each cardiovascular risk factor. Investigate at what age SES inequality in overweight and obesity occurs. DESIGN Longitudinal follow-up of a prospective birth cohort. SETTING All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study includes data from children born between October 1997 and October 1999 in five counties of south east Sweden. PARTICIPANTS A regional ABIS-study subsample from three major cities of the region n=298 adolescents aged 16-18 years, and prospective data from the whole ABIS cohort for overweight and obesity status at the ages 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (n=2998-7925). OUTCOME MEASURES Blood pressure above the hypertension limit, overweight/obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force definition, low high-density lipoproteins (HDL) or borderline-high low-density lipoproteins according to National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel on cholesterol levels in children. RESULTS For three out of four cardiovascular risk outcomes (elevated blood pressure, low HDL and overweight/obesity), there were increased risk in one or more of the low SES groups (p<0.05). The best predictor was parental occupational class (Swedish socioeconomic classification index) for elevated blood pressure (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.623), maternal educational level for overweight (area under the ROC curve 0.641) and blue-collar city of residence for low HDL (area under the ROC curve 0.641). SES-related differences in overweight/obesity were found at age 2, 5 and 12 and for obesity at age 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Even in a welfare state like Sweden, SES inequalities in cardiovascular risks are evident already in childhood and adolescence. Intervention programmes to reduce cardiovascular risk based on social inequality should start early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Andersson White
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital and Div. of Pediatrics, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkopings universitet, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Michael P Jones
- Psychology Department, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tomas Faresjo
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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20
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Benschop L, Schalekamp-Timmermans S, Roeters van Lennep JE, Jaddoe VWV, Steegers EAP, Ikram MK. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Track From Mother to Child. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009536. [PMID: 30371323 PMCID: PMC6404879 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular risk factors can track from mother to child by several pathways: pregnancy complications, genetic inheritance, and shared environmental risk factors after pregnancy. The degree of tracking, and to which extent this is influenced by these pathways, is unknown. We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors track from mother to child regardless of pregnancy complications and environmental risk factors. We determined the degree of tracking between maternal and offspring micro‐ and macrovascular cardiovascular risk factors after pregnancy and the extent to which this is influenced by pregnancy complications and shared environmental risk factors. Methods and Results We included 5624 mother‐offspring pairs from The Generation R Study, an ongoing prospective, population‐based birth cohort. Information on pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and preterm birth) was obtained through hospital charts. Mother‐offspring associations were assessed 6 years after pregnancy (central retinal arteriolar and venular calibers, body mass index, blood pressure, left atrial diameter, aortic root diameter, left ventricular mass, fractional shortening, and pulse wave velocity) and 9 years after pregnancy (body mass index and blood pressure). We observed that worse cardiovascular parameters in mothers were associated with worse cardiovascular parameters in their offspring 6 and 9 years after pregnancy (P<0.001). Results were similar when mother‐offspring pairs with a previous pregnancy complication were excluded. Conclusions Six and 9 years after pregnancy, an adverse cardiovascular profile in mothers is strongly associated with an adverse cardiovascular profile in their offspring. Results were not attenuated by environmental exposures or a previous pregnancy complication. This supports the hypothesis that cardiovascular risk factors (micro‐ and macrovascular) track from mother to child, regardless of the course of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benschop
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- 3 Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands.,4 Department of Pediatrics Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- 3 Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands.,5 Department of Neurology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Hodgkinson A, Abbott J, Hurley MA, Lowe N, Qualter P. An educational intervention to prevent overweight in pre-school years: a cluster randomised trial with a focus on disadvantaged families. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1430. [PMID: 31675942 PMCID: PMC6824038 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early prevention is a promising strategy for reducing obesity in childhood, and Early Years settings are ideal venues for interventions. This work evaluated an educational intervention with the primary aim of preventing overweight and obesity in pre-school children. METHODS A pragmatic, cluster randomised trial with a parallel, matched-pair design was undertaken. Interventions were targeted at both the cluster (Early Years' Centres, matched by geographical area) and individual participant level (families: mother and 2-year old child). At the cluster level, a staff training intervention used the educational resource Be Active, Eat Healthy. Policies and provision for healthy eating and physical activity were evaluated at baseline and 12-months. The intervention at participant level was the Healthy Heroes Activity Pack: delivered over 6 months by Centre staff to promote healthy eating and physical activity in a fun, interactive way. Child and parent height and weight were measured at four time-points over 2 years. The trial primary outcome was the change in BMI z-score of the child between ages 2 and 4 years. Secondary outcomes consisted of parent-reported measures administered at baseline and two-year follow-up. RESULTS Five pairs of Early Years' Centres were recruited. Four pairs were analysed as one Centre withdrew (47 intervention families; 34 control families). At the cluster level, improvement in Centre policies and practices was similar for both groups (p = 0.830). At the participant level, the intervention group reduced their mean BMI z-score between age 2 and 4 years (p = 0.002; change difference 0.49; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.80) whereas the control group showed increasing BMI z-score throughout. Changes in parent-reported outcomes and parent BMI (p = 0.582) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The Healthy Heroes educational resource deterred excess weight gain in pre-school children from poor socioeconomic areas. With training, Early Years' staff can implement the Healthy Heroes programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN22620137 Registered 21st December 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hodgkinson
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Janice Abbott
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Margaret A Hurley
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Nicola Lowe
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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22
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Scholz A, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, García-de-la-Hera M, Fernandez-Somoano A, Tardon A, Santa-Marina L, Pereda-Pereda E, Romaguera D, Guxens M, Beneito A, Iñiguez C, Vioque J. Association between trans fatty acid intake and overweight including obesity in 4 to 5-year-old children from the INMA study. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12528. [PMID: 30957427 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scholz
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Navarrete-Muñoz
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela García-de-la-Hera
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernandez-Somoano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,BIODONOSTIA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, San Sebastián, Spain.,Subdirección Salud Publica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eva Pereda-Pereda
- BIODONOSTIA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, San Sebastián, Spain.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,PompeuFabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Computational Research. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Gonzalez-Palacios S, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, García-de-la-Hera M, Torres-Collado L, Santa-Marina L, Amiano P, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Tardon A, Riano-Galan I, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Vioque J. Sugar-Containing Beverages Consumption and Obesity in Children Aged 4-5 Years in Spain: the INMA Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081772. [PMID: 31374897 PMCID: PMC6722971 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) has been associated with obesity although the evidence in preschool children is scarce. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and SCB consumption (packaged juices and sugar-sweetened soft drinks) in 1823 children at the age of 4-5 years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. One drink was defined as a glass of 175 mL, and the consumption of SCB was categorized in <1, 1-7 drinks/week and > 1 drink/day. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR). The average SCB consumption was 79.1 mL/day, mainly from packaged juices (80.9%). The SCB consumption was lower in non-obese children than in children with obesity, 76.6 vs 118.4 mL/day (p = 0.02). After adjusting for covariates, children who consumed >1 drink/day showed elevated odds of obesity, OR = 3.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-6.98) compared to children who consumed <1 SCB drink a week. Each additional SCB drink per day was associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.14-2.09). Higher consumption of packaged juices, but not sugar-sweetened soft drinks, was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.09-2.15) and OR = 1.59 (0.76-3.39), respectively. A higher SCB consumption is associated with obesity in preschool children, mainly due to the consumption of packaged juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manoli García-de-la-Hera
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Basque Government, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Basque Government, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Oviedo, 33003 Asturias, Spain
| | - Isolina Riano-Galan
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatria. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain.
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Söğüt M, Clemente FM, Clark CCT, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Variations in Central Adiposity, Cardiovascular Fitness, and Objectively Measured Physical Activity According to Weight Status in Children (9-11 Years). Front Physiol 2019; 10:936. [PMID: 31396103 PMCID: PMC6668325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to compare the central adiposity (CA), cardiovascular fitness (CF), and physical activity (PA) in children with different weight status, and second, to determine the associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and measures of adiposity [CA and body mass index (BMI)] and CF. A sample of 244 children (boys = 120 and girls = 124), 9.7-10.8 years of age (10.3 ± 0.3 years), was measured for stature, body mass, waist circumferences, and 20-m multi-stage fitness test. PA was recorded with ankle mounted accelerometer. BMI groups were used to classify children as underweight (UW), normal weight (NW), and overweight (OW). The prevalence of being OW was 21.7 and 25% in boys and girls, respectively. Only 5.3% of the participants were found to accumulate recommended amount (≥60 min/day) of MVPA. Boys were significantly outperformed girls in terms of CF. Moreover, they were significantly more engaged in moderate and vigorous physical activities than girls. Regardless of gender, results indicated that OW children had significantly higher values in all anthropometric parameters and lower level of CF than their UW and NW counterparts. In girls, OW children were found to accrue less time engaging in MVPA than the children in UW and NW groups. In boys, OW children were found to accrue less time engaging in vigorous activities than UW and NW children. Results also showed that there were no significant differences between UW and NW girls and boys in respect to CF. Besides, UW girls were found to accrue more time engaging in MVPA than NW girls. MVPA was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with BMI and waist circumference and significantly and positively correlated with CF in both boys and girls. These discrepancies and associations highlight the considerable influences of MVPA on weight status and CF in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Söğüt
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- School of Sport and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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25
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Differences in the Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and BMI of Finnish Grade 5 Students. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:765-771. [PMID: 31310997 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the distribution of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time of fifth-grade students during school, leisure time, and physical education (PE) classes. Demographic, anthropometric, and PA data were collected from 17 representative Finnish schools. METHODS To estimate the PA and sedentary time, participants (N = 592) wore wGT3X-BT ActiGraphs for 7 consecutive days. Comparisons were made between genders and different BMI groups. RESULTS From the study sample, 43.7% met the moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) guidelines. Participants spent 62.2% of the day sedentary and 8.2% in moderate and vigorous activities. Boys performed more MVPA than girls, and girls were more sedentary during school days. Boys had more MVPA than girls in leisure time, but there were no differences in sedentary time. However, an examination of PA assessed during PE classes revealed no differences between boys and girls. Normal-weight boys engaged in more MVPA than overweight and obese boys. No differences were found for girls. CONCLUSIONS The PE levels differ between different BMI groups in leisure time and during school but not during PE lessons. PA for overweight children should be targeted and compulsory PE time should be increased to achieve the PA guidelines.
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26
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Pate RR, Hillman C, Janz K, Katzmarzyk PT, Powell KE, Torres A, Whitt-Glover MC. Physical Activity and Health in Children Younger than 6 Years: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1282-1291. [PMID: 31095085 PMCID: PMC6527328 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity is known to provide important health benefits in school-age youth. However, until recently, few studies have examined associations between physical activity and health in young children. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and selected health outcomes in children younger than 6 yr. METHODS A systematic search identified randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies examining the associations between physical activity and adiposity/weight status, bone health, cardiometabolic health, and cognition in children younger than 6 yr. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria and served as the basis for this systematic review. For weight status/adiposity, 12 of 15 studies found negative associations between physical activity and one or more measures of the outcome. For bone health, 10 articles based on four studies were identified, and nine studies showed stronger bone in more active children. For cardiometabolic health, three studies were identified and findings were limited and inconsistent. For cognition, two systematic reviews were identified and findings were limited. For all four health outcomes, evidence of dose-response relationships and effect modification by demographic factors was very limited. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence indicating that higher amounts of physical activity are associated with better indicators of bone health and with reduced risk for excessive increases in weight and adiposity in children 3 to 6 yr. Evidence was too limited to support conclusions regarding the effects of physical activity on cardiometabolic health and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Charles Hillman
- Departments of Psychology and Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen Janz
- Departments of Health and Human Physiology and Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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27
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Gebremariam MK, Arah OA, Bergh IH, Andersen LF, Ommundsen Y, Totland TH, Bjelland M, Grydeland M, Lien N. Gender-specific mediators of the association between parental education and adiposity among adolescents: the HEIA study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7282. [PMID: 31086277 PMCID: PMC6514034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms behind socioeconomic inequalities in adiposity among youth is vital for efforts aimed at combating these inequalities. The study explored whether a broad range of behavioral and familial factors mediated the associations between parental education and indicators of adiposity among adolescents. Baseline data from a school-based intervention study conducted in 2007 among 11-year-old adolescents were used. Anthropometric outcomes, physical activity and sedentary time among adolescents were objectively measured. Other behavioral variables and parental waist circumference were self-reported. Mediation analyses were conducted. Among boys, maternal waist circumference (WC), paternal WC and TV viewing mediated 16%, 11.5% and 13% of the association between parental education and adolescent WC. The respective proportions when body fat percentage was used as the outcome variable were 22.5%, 16% and 21%. Among girls, maternal and paternal WC mediated 20% and 14% of the association between parental education and WC. The respective proportions when body fat percentage was used as the outcome variable were 14% and 10%. Other included variables did not play any mediating role. Parental WC was found to be a mediator of socioeconomic differences in adiposity in both genders; underlying mechanisms were however not investigated. Among boys, reducing TV time could contribute to the reduction of social inequalities in adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekdes K Gebremariam
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States. .,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States.,UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, California, United States.,California Center for Population Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ingunn H Bergh
- Department of Child Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvar Ommundsen
- Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torunn H Totland
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Bjelland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Grydeland
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Narciso J, Silva AJ, Rodrigues V, Monteiro MJ, Almeida A, Saavedra R, Costa AM. Behavioral, contextual and biological factors associated with obesity during adolescence: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214941. [PMID: 30958850 PMCID: PMC6453458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Adolescence is a critical period for the development of obesity. Obesity arises from a complex interaction between several factors, which are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify and assess the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the behavioral, contextual and biological factors associated with obesity in adolescents. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched to identify prospective cohort studies concerning the relation between behavioral, contextual and biological factors and obesity in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. RESULTS 40 studies published between the year 2000 and 2018 were included. A positive consistent association between genetic factors and obesity during adolescence was found. Also, there is evidence to support the association between socioeconomic status and obesity. There was conflicting evidence for the contribution of dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, food store environment, school food environment. For the remaining factors no associations were found, or no conclusions could be drawn due to the limited number of studies identified. CONCLUSIONS Further prospective studies that assess multiple obesity determinants simultaneously and use state-of-art measures are warranted to aid in the development of effective strategies and interventions to prevent obesity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Narciso
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António José Silva
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vitor Rodrigues
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Superior School of Health, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria João Monteiro
- Superior School of Health, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Almeida
- Superior School of Health, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raquel Saavedra
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aldo Matos Costa
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Center, CICS-UBI, Covilhã, Portugal
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29
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Emotional Eating, Health Behaviours, and Obesity in Children: A 12-Country Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020351. [PMID: 30736444 PMCID: PMC6412589 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating in response to negative emotions (emotional eating, EE) may predispose an individual to obesity. Yet, it is not well known how EE in children is associated with body mass index (BMI) and health behaviours (i.e., diet, physical activity, sleep, and TV-viewing). In the present study, we examined these associations in a cross-sectional sample of 5426 (54% girls) 9–11-year-old children from 12 countries and five continents. EE, food consumption, and TV-viewing were measured using self-administered questionnaires, and physical activity and nocturnal sleep duration were measured with accelerometers. BMI was calculated using measured weights and heights. EE factor scores were computed using confirmatory factor analysis, and dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. The associations of EE with health behaviours and BMI z-scores were analyzed using multilevel models including age, gender, and household income as covariates. EE was positively and consistently (across 12 study sites) associated with an unhealthy dietary pattern (β = 0.29, SE = 0.02, p < 0.0001), suggesting that the association is not restricted to Western countries. Positive associations between EE and physical activity and TV viewing were not consistent across sites. Results tended to be similar in boys and girls. EE was unrelated to BMI in this sample, but prospective studies are needed to determine whether higher EE in children predicts the development of undesirable dietary patterns and obesity over time.
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30
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Solmi M, Köhler CA, Stubbs B, Koyanagi A, Bortolato B, Monaco F, Vancampfort D, Machado MO, Maes M, Tzoulaki I, Firth J, Ioannidis JPA, Carvalho AF. Environmental risk factors and nonpharmacological and nonsurgical interventions for obesity: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12982. [PMID: 29923186 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple environmental factors have been implicated in obesity, and multiple interventions, besides drugs and surgery, have been assessed in obese patients. Results are scattered across many studies and meta-analyses, and they often mix obese and overweight individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched through 21 January 2017 for meta-analyses of cohort studies assessing environmental risk factors for obesity, and randomized controlled trials investigating nonpharmacological and nonsurgical therapeutic interventions for obesity. We excluded data on overweight participants. Evidence from observational studies was graded according to criteria that included the statistical significance of the random-effects summary estimate and of the largest study in a meta-analysis, the number of obesity cases, heterogeneity between studies, 95% prediction intervals, small-study effects and excess significance. The evidence of intervention studies for obesity was assessed with the GRADE framework. RESULTS Fifty-four articles met eligibility criteria, including 26 meta-analyses of environmental risk factors (166 studies) and 46 meta-analyses of nondrug, nonsurgical interventions (206 trials). In adults, the only risk factor with convincing evidence was depression, and childhood obesity, adolescent obesity, childhood abuse and short sleep duration had highly suggestive evidence. Infancy weight gain during the first year of life, depression and low maternal education had convincing evidence for association with paediatric obesity. All interventions had low or very-low-quality evidence with one exception of moderate-quality evidence for one comparison (no differences in efficacy between brief lifestyle primary care interventions and other interventions for paediatric obesity). Summary effect sizes were mostly small across compared interventions (maximum 5.1 kg in adults and 1.78 kg in children) and even these estimates may be inflated. CONCLUSIONS Depression, obesity in earlier age groups, short sleep duration, childhood abuse and low maternal education have the strongest support among proposed risk factors for obesity. Furthermore, there is no high-quality evidence to recommend treating obesity with a specific nonpharmacological and nonsurgical intervention among many available, and whatever benefits in terms of magnitude of weight loss appear small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Myrela O Machado
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, California
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Pate RR, Frongillo EA, McIver KL, Colabianchi N, Wilson DK, Collie-Akers VL, Schultz JA, Reis J, Madsen K, Woodward-Lopez G, Berrigan D, Landgraf A, Nagaraja J, Strauss W. Associations between community programmes and policies and children's physical activity: the Healthy Communities Study. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13 Suppl 1:72-81. [PMID: 29900697 PMCID: PMC6197914 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community initiatives to promote physical activity in children are common, but evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between community programmes and policies and children's physical activity in a large and diverse sample of US communities. METHODS Programmes and policies to promote children's physical activity were assessed in 130 communities by key informant interviews, and physical activity behaviours were measured by self-report and parental report in samples of children in each community (total n = 5138). Associations between composite indices of community programmes and policies and indicators of total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were examined without and with adjustment for demographic factors. RESULTS An index reflecting the 6-year history of the number of behaviour change strategies used in community programmes and policies was positively associated with children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. This association was attenuated with adjustment for demographic factors. Effect modification analyses found that the association was positive among non-Hispanic children but was negative for Hispanic children. CONCLUSIONS Community initiatives to promote physical activity in children were positively associated with children's physical activity in non-Hispanic children. Such initiatives were negatively associated with physical activity in Hispanic children, suggesting that future research should consider unique cultural factors when designing community initiatives to promote activity in this population sub-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kerry L. McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Dawn K. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Vicki L. Collie-Akers
- Work Group for Health and Community Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jerry A. Schultz
- Work Group for Health and Community Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jared Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kristine Madsen
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Gail Woodward-Lopez
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - David Berrigan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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32
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Saunders RP, Dowda M, McIver K, Pate RR. Regional comparisons of walking or bicycling for fun or exercise and for active transport in a nationally distributed sample of community-based youth. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13 Suppl 1:36-45. [PMID: 29900698 PMCID: PMC6197905 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity helps prevent excessive weight gain in youth. Few studies have examined regional variations in common activities, walking and bicycling. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to examine participation in previous 7-day walking/bicycling for active transport and for fun/exercise by region, gender and age groups. METHODS Children (n = 2693) from 130 diverse, geographically distributed US communities reported participation in previous 7-day walking/bicycling. Mixed model ANOVAs were used to compare walking/bicycling by region, gender and age groups using Healthy Communities Study data. RESULTS Walking/bicycling for fun/exercise was higher in the Midwest, South and West compared with the Northeast, with the same regional patterns for boys, girls and 9-11-year olds. Walking/bicycling to non-school destinations was higher in the Midwest compared with the South and Northeast, with the same pattern for girls and 9-11-year olds. Walking/bicycling to school was higher Midwest, Northeast and West compared with the South, with similar patterns for girls and 12-15-year olds. CONCLUSIONS Walking/bicycling for fun/exercise and to non-school destinations had higher prevalence than active transport to school. The Northeast reported lower walking/bicycling for fun/exercise; the South and Northeast reported lower walking/bicycling to non-school destinations. Program/policy initiatives should consider contextual demographic influences, as well as purpose/destination of walking/bicycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth P. Saunders
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior
| | - Marsha Dowda
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science
| | - Kerry McIver
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science
| | - Russell R. Pate
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science
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33
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Adherence to nutritional recommendations in vending machines at secondary schools in Madrid (Spain), 2014-2015. GACETA SANITARIA 2018; 32:459-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Svensson V, Johansson E, Fischer M, Deng SL, Hagströmer M, Danielsson P. Omega-3 fatty acids does not affect physical activity and body weight in primary school children - a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12725. [PMID: 30143730 PMCID: PMC6109046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids could increase physical activity (PA) levels, where traditional interventions often fail. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trail was to evaluate the effects of 15-week administration of omega-3 fatty acids on objectively measured PA and relative body weight in 8–9 year-old children. The children were randomly assigned to supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids or placebo. Primary outcome was change in PA counts per minute (cpm), and secondly change in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS). Covariance models were applied adjusting for age, gender, weight status, PA and intervention season. Compliance was controlled for by analyzing fatty acid composition in plasma. The intention to treat population consisted of 362 children (omega-3 n = 177, placebo n = 185). No significant effects of omega-3 fatty acids on PA or relative body weight were observed. In covariance models no effects were observed by gender, weight status or change in PA (all p > 0.05), but inactive children increased their PA more than children classified as active at baseline (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Svensson
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Johansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Fischer
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S L Deng
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Shi, China
| | - M Hagströmer
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Danielsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Byun W, Lau EY, Brusseau TA. Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Wearable Technology-Based Physical Activity Intervention in Preschoolers: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091821. [PMID: 30142911 PMCID: PMC6163401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of an intervention that employed a technology-based physical activity (PA) monitoring system and teacher-regulated strategies to promote PA in preschoolers. A total of 93 preschoolers (53% girls, 4.7 years) from 5 child care centers were recruited for a one-week intervention and randomly assigned into control (2 centers, n = 45) or intervention (3 centers, n = 48) group. Key intervention components included: (1) wearable device-based, real-time monitoring of children’s PA by classroom teachers and (2) teacher-regulated strategies for providing more opportunities for PA. Sedentary behavior (SED) and PA were measured using accelerometers. Overall, children in the intervention group showed significantly lower level of SED (31.6 vs. 33.6 min/h) and higher level of total PA (28.4 vs. 26.4 min/h) than children in the control group, after adjusting for age, sex, race, parent education level, parent perception of their child’s PA, BMI, and childcare centers. Teachers in the intervention group reported that the intervention was highly feasible to be implemented in their current classroom settings. In conclusion, we observed high acceptability and initial effectiveness of the current intervention. Subsequent research at larger-scale is warranted to fully evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention strategies tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonwoo Byun
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Erica Y Lau
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Timothy A Brusseau
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Valerio G, Maffeis C, Saggese G, Ambruzzi MA, Balsamo A, Bellone S, Bergamini M, Bernasconi S, Bona G, Calcaterra V, Canali T, Caroli M, Chiarelli F, Corciulo N, Crinò A, Di Bonito P, Di Pietrantonio V, Di Pietro M, Di Sessa A, Diamanti A, Doria M, Fintini D, Franceschi R, Franzese A, Giussani M, Grugni G, Iafusco D, Iughetti L, Lamborghini A, Licenziati MR, Limauro R, Maltoni G, Manco M, Reggiani LM, Marcovecchio L, Marsciani A, del Giudice EM, Morandi A, Morino G, Moro B, Nobili V, Perrone L, Picca M, Pietrobelli A, Privitera F, Purromuto S, Ragusa L, Ricotti R, Santamaria F, Sartori C, Stilli S, Street ME, Tanas R, Trifiró G, Umano GR, Vania A, Verduci E, Zito E. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pediatric obesity: consensus position statement of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:88. [PMID: 30064525 PMCID: PMC6069785 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Italian Consensus Position Statement on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Obesity in Children and Adolescents integrates and updates the previous guidelines to deliver an evidence based approach to the disease. The following areas were reviewed: (1) obesity definition and causes of secondary obesity; (2) physical and psychosocial comorbidities; (3) treatment and care settings; (4) prevention.The main novelties deriving from the Italian experience lie in the definition, screening of the cardiometabolic and hepatic risk factors and the endorsement of a staged approach to treatment. The evidence based efficacy of behavioral intervention versus pharmacological or surgical treatments is reported. Lastly, the prevention by promoting healthful diet, physical activity, sleep pattern, and environment is strongly recommended since the intrauterine phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saggese
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Balsamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Parma, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics Unit, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Caroli
- Italian Society for Obesity (SIO), Francavilla Fontana (Brindisi), Italy
| | | | - Nicola Corciulo
- Pediatric Unit, Hospital of Gallipoli, Gallipoli (Lecce), Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, “S. Maria delle Grazie”, Pozzuoli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mario Di Pietro
- Pediatric and Neonatal Unit, “G. Mazzini”Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Artificial Nutrition Unit Bambino Gesù, Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Doria
- Italian Federation of Pediatricians (FIMP), Venice, Italy
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Verbania, Italy
| | - Dario Iafusco
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulio Maltoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Morandi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Morino
- Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Nobili
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Hepatometabolic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberta Ricotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rita Tanas
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Vania
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Deparment of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Zito
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Horner SD, Timmerman GM, McWilliams BC. Feasibility study of a combined lifestyle behaviors and asthma self-management intervention for school-aged children. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2018; 23:e12224. [PMID: 29972278 PMCID: PMC6202196 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of delivering an intervention that combines healthy lifestyle behaviors related to weight management with asthma self-management, the Living Healthy with Asthma intervention, to children who have asthma. METHODS AND DESIGN Using a mixed design, the feasibility study of the 12-week Living Healthy with Asthma intervention was conducted with a single group of children diagnosed with asthma. Pretest and posttest data were collected on asthma-related (self-management, metered dose inhaler [MDI] skill, asthma severity, quality of life [QOL]), and healthy lifestyle variables (body mass index [BMI], dietary quality). A matched comparison sample was drawn from a separate study that tested the same asthma self-management component (single intervention) used in the feasibility study to determine if the Living Healthy with Asthma intervention worked as well as the single intervention for improving children's asthma self-management. RESULTS Thirteen school-aged children were enrolled in the feasibility study. There were significant reductions in BMI z-scores (P = 0.007), and improvements in vegetable servings (P = 0.03), MDI skill (P = 0.005), children's QOL (P < 0.001), and parents' QOL (P = 0.03). When comparing the feasibility group with the matched comparison group (n = 13), there were no significant differences in asthma self-management, MDI skill, or asthma severity after the interventions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings supported the feasibility of implementing the combined intervention, and it was not inferior to the single intervention-which supports nurses' efforts to help families manage multiple health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D. Horner
- Associate Dean for Research, The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing
| | - Gayle M. Timmerman
- Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing
| | - Bennie C. McWilliams
- Director, Pediatric Pulmonary, Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, Associate Professor, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School
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Miles R, Wang Y, Johnson SB. Neighborhood Built and Social Environments and Change in Weight Status over the Summer in Low-Income Elementary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061124. [PMID: 29857473 PMCID: PMC6025352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhoods can provide opportunities for children to maintain a healthy weight or encourage unhealthy weight gain. Which neighborhood characteristics matter most remains poorly understood. We investigated links between neighborhood characteristics and weight change over the summer in children from 12 elementary schools with a high proportion of children from low-income families, in a mid-sized city in the US South. Mixed models and objective measures of height and weight were used. Study participants were 2770 children (average age 8.3, range 5.6–12.6 years). Older and female children and those who were already overweight were more likely to gain weight over the summer compared to younger, male, and normal weight children. Overweight children who lived near 2 or more small grocery stores gained less weight than overweight children who lived near 0 (weight change, p = 0.0468; body mass index (BMI) change, p = 0.0209) or 1 store (weight change, p = 0.0136; BMI change, p = 0.0033). Normal weight children living in neighborhoods with more large multifamily buildings gained more weight over the summer, although this association only approached significance. Additional efforts to understand which neighborhood factors have greater significance for overweight compared to normal weight children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Miles
- Department of Urban & Regional Planning, College of Social Sciences, Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL 32306-2280, USA.
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, FSU College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
| | - Suzanne Bennett Johnson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, FSU College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
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Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:859-879. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study systematised and synthesised the results of observational studies that were aimed at supporting the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors among adolescents. Relevant scientific articles were searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS. Observational studies that included the measurement of any CMR factor in healthy adolescents and dietary patterns were included. The search strategy retained nineteen articles for qualitative analysis. Among retained articles, the effects of dietary pattern on the means of BMI (n 18), waist circumference (WC) (n 9), systolic blood pressure (n 7), diastolic blood pressure (n 6), blood glucose (n 5) and lipid profile (n 5) were examined. Systematised evidence showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be associated with poor mean values of CMR factors among adolescents. However, evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns in this group remains unclear. Considering the number of studies with available information, a meta-analysis of anthropometric measures showed that dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean BMI (0·57 kg/m²; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·63) and WC (0·57 cm; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·67) compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean BMI (−0·41 kg/m²; 95 % CI −0·46,−0·36) and WC (−0·43 cm; 95 % CI −0·52,−0·33). An unhealthy dietary pattern may influence markers of CMR among adolescents, but considering the small number and limitations of the studies included, further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence of this relation.
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Associations of serum leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY levels with physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescent boys with different BMI values. Biol Sport 2018; 34:345-352. [PMID: 29472737 PMCID: PMC5819470 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.69822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in associations of serum acylated and des-acylated ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and leptin levels with physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CReF) in adolescent boys (mean age of 14.0 years) with overweight (OWB; n=55) and with normal weight (NWB; n=154). METHODS Total PA was measured by 7-day accelerometry (counts/min) and CReF by peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak/kg). RESULTS No differences were found in serum PYY, acylated ghrelin or des-acyl ghrelin levels, whereas mean leptin (11.6±10.6 vs. 2.0±2.7 ng/ml; p<0.05) and insulin (18.1±8.7 vs. 11.0±6.2 mU/l; p<0.05) levels were significantly higher in OWB compared to NWB. Mean CReF was significantly lower in OWB compared to NWB (39.7±8.7 vs. 50.5±6.8 ml/min/kg; p<0.05). Leptin was negatively correlated with CReF in both groups (r=-0.43; p<0.05), des-acylated ghrelin with CReF only in OWB (r =-0.36; p<0.05). In OWB leptin was negatively correlated with total PA (r=-0.32; p<0.05) and positively with sedentary time of PA (r=0.35; p<0.05). In NWB 28.1% of the variability of CReF was determined by leptin and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), whereas in OWB 71.9% was determined by trunk FM and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Leptin concentration was inversely associated with CReF in adolescent boys independently of BMI in both groups, while des-acylated ghrelin was associated with CReF only in OWB. Low PA in OWB was associated with high serum leptin level.
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Hilger-Kolb J, Bosle C, Motoc I, Hoffmann K. Associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents - a systematic review. Nutr J 2017; 16:85. [PMID: 29282082 PMCID: PMC5745631 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The obesity prevalence in children and adolescents has increased worldwide during the past 30 years. Although diet has been identified as one risk factor for developing obesity in this age group, the role of specific dietary factors is still unclear. One way to gain insight into the role of these factors might be to detect biomarkers that reflect metabolic health and to identify the associations between dietary factors and these biomarkers. This would enable nutrition-related metabolic changes to be detected early in life, which might be a promising strategy to prevent childhood obesity. However, existing literature offers only inconclusive evidence for diet and some of these obesity-related biomarkers (e.g., blood lipids). We thus conducted a systematic literature review to further examine eligible studies that investigate associations between dietary factors and 12 obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Methods We searched the scientific databases PubMed/Medline and Web of Science Core Collection for potentially eligible articles. Our final literature search resulted in 2727 hits. After the selection process, we included 81 articles that reported on 1111 single observations on dietary factors and any of the obesity-related biomarkers. Results Around 81% of the total observations showed nonsignificant results. For many biomarkers we did not find enough observations to draw clear conclusions on possible associations between a dietary factor and the respective biomarker. In cases where we identified enough observations, the results were contradictory. Since these nonsignificant and inconclusive findings may impede the development of effective strategies against childhood obesity, this article takes a closer look at possible reasons for such findings. In addition, it provides action points for future research efforts. Conclusions In conclusion, current evidence on associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers is inconclusive. We thus provided an overview on which specific limitations may impede current research. Such knowledge is necessary to enable future research efforts to better elucidate the role of diet in the early stages of obesity development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-017-0300-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hilger-Kolb
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Catherin Bosle
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irina Motoc
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Hoffmann
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Factors Influencing Implementation of a Physical Activity Intervention in Residential Children's Homes. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 17:1002-1011. [PMID: 27539092 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Intervention in Children's Homes (ENRICH) study was the first published physical activity intervention undertaken in residential children's homes (RCHs). The study revealed differences in implementation across the homes, which may be a key factor that affects program effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of organizational capacity, provider characteristics, and quality of prevention support system on level of implementation of the ENRICH intervention. This study analyzed the ENRICH process evaluation data collected from 24 RCHs. Bayesian Path analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of organizational capacity, provider characteristics, and quality of prevention support system on level of implementation. Level of implementation across RCHs was variable, ranging from 38 to 97 % (M = 68.3, SD = 14.45). Results revealed that organizational capacity and provider characteristics had significant direct associations with level of implementation. Neither direct nor indirect associations between quality of prevention support system and level of implementation reached statistical significance. Conducting formative assessments on organizational capacity and provider characteristics and incorporating such information in implementation planning may increase the likelihood of achieving higher levels of implementation in future studies.
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Cook JA, McCormick EV, Mickiewicz TE, Davidson AJ, Main DS. Associations of Adolescent Weight Status and Meeting National Obesity-Related Recommendations. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:923-931. [PMID: 29096415 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent overweight and obesity are serious health risks, with prevalence varying by sociodemographic group. Studies link children's weight status and sex/race-ethnic differences with meeting recommendations for physical activity and diet. But, research examining the intersection of sociodemographic characteristics, behavior, and weight status is limited. This paper aims to identify sociodemographic differences in the association between adolescent weight status and meeting 6 national obesity-related recommendations. METHODS In 2011-2012, the Healthy Kids Colorado Survey was administered to all Denver high school students. Using descriptive and multivariate modeling, we examined subgroup associations between students' self-reported weight status and physical activity and diet. RESULTS Students (N = 6652) who met at least 1 recommendation were less likely to be at an unhealthy weight (OR = 0.87); also true for students who met at least 1 physical activity recommendation (OR = 0.80). However, the association varied across subgroups. The association between weight status and meeting at least 1 nutritional recommendation (OR = 0.91) was inconsistent across subgroups. Unexpected patterns also emerged in subgroup associations between meeting specific recommendations and weight status. CONCLUSIONS Identifying subgroup differences in meeting recommendations and the association with weight status is important in identifying high risk groups and improving policy and programs that target childhood obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cook
- Department of Architecture, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore, 117566
| | | | | | - Arthur J Davidson
- Denver Center for Public Health Preparedness, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204
| | - Deborah S Main
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 188, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364
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Biazzi Leal D, Altenburg de Assis MA, Hinnig PDF, Schmitt J, Soares Lobo A, Bellisle F, Di Pietro PF, Vieira FK, de Moura Araujo PH, de Andrade DF. Changes in Dietary Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence and Associated Body Adiposity Status. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101098. [PMID: 28984828 PMCID: PMC5691714 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify cross-sectional dietary patterns (DPs) in a representative sample of 7–10-year-old schoolchildren, to examine how scores for these DPs tracked over a time period of five years (from age 7–10 years to 12–15 years), and to investigate longitudinal associations between changes in DPs scores and changes in BMI (Body Mass Index) z-scores. Children aged 7–10-years were examined in 2007 (n = 1158) and a subset of the sample participated in a follow-up in 2012 (n = 458). Factor analysis (FA) was applied to derive DPs at baseline. The change in DP from childhood to adolescence was analyzed by comparing factor scores using the complete cases, in which factor loadings were the ones evaluated at baseline. Associations of BMI change with DP change were assessed by multivariate linear regression. At baseline, four DP were identified that explained 47.9% of the food intake variance. On average, the factor scores of “DP II” (salty snacks, French fries, fast-food, sugary beverages) decreased in follow-up, while no changes were observed for “DP I” (rice, cooked beans, beef/poultry, leafy vegetables), “DP III” (fruits, cooked and leafy vegetables, fruit juices, pasta, milk, cheese), and “DP IV” (milk, coffee with milk, cheese, breads/biscuits). No significant linear association was shown between changes in BMI z-scores and changes in DP scores from childhood to adolescence. In conclusion, three out of four DP scores identified at baseline tracked slightly in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Biazzi Leal
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CDS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CDS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Jeovani Schmitt
- Post Graduate Program in Production Engineering, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Soares Lobo
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - France Bellisle
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Université Paris 13, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny 93017, France.
| | - Patrícia Faria Di Pietro
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Francilene Kunradi Vieira
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CCS/UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Henrique de Moura Araujo
- Post Graduate Program in Production Engineering, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Dalton Francisco de Andrade
- Informatics and Statistics Department, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
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Janz KF, Boros P, Letuchy EM, Kwon S, Burns TL, Levy SM. Physical Activity, Not Sedentary Time, Predicts Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry-measured Adiposity Age 5 to 19 Years. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:2071-2077. [PMID: 28915225 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations among physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and TV viewing (TV) with fat mass (FAT) and visceral adipose tissue mass (VAT) from childhood through adolescence (5-19 yr). METHODS Participants in the Iowa Bone Development Study (n = 230 males and 233 females) were examined at ages 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 yr. Accelerometers measured moderate- or vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA; min·d), light-intensity PA (LPA; min·d), and SED (h·d). Parent-proxy report (5 and 8 yr) and child-report (11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 yr) measured TV (h·d). X-ray absorptiometry scans measured FAT (kg) and VAT (g). Sex-specific growth models were used to create FAT and VAT growth curves for individual participants (level 1), and to test the effect of MVPA, LPA, SED, and TV (level 2) after adjusting for weight, height, linear age, nonlinear age, and maturity. RESULTS Growth models indicated that low levels of MVPA were associated with high levels of FAT and VAT for males and high levels of FAT for females. TV viewing was positively associated with FAT and VAT for males and females. LPA was positively associated with FAT in males. Sedentary time was not associated with FAT or VAT for males or females (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study supports current PA guidelines focusing on MVPA rather than SED. The contribution of high TV, but not high SED, to high levels of adiposity suggests that TV's contribution to obesity is not just a function of low energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Janz
- 1Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; 2Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; 3Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and 5Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Iowa City, IA
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Yang MZ, Xue HM, Pan J, Libuda L, Muckelbauer R, Yang M, Quan L, Cheng G. High protein intake along with paternal part-time employment is associated with higher body fat mass among girls from South China. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1845-1854. [PMID: 28536743 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein intake has been suggested to be associated with body composition among western children. Our aim was to determine whether protein intake is associated with body composition among Chinese children and to investigate whether parental socioeconomic status modifies these associations. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from the baseline survey of an ongoing population-based prospective open cohort study conducted in 2013. In this survey, 2039 children in South China were recruited using cluster random sampling. Information of 1704 children (47% girls), aged 7-12 years from three primary schools (42 classes), on diet and anthropometry was included finally. Their daily protein intake was obtained by 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Skinfold thickness, body height, and weight were measured to calculate percent body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Parental characteristics were collected by questionnaires. RESULTS Among girls, protein intake was positively associated with %BF and FMI [estimate (SE) for %BF: 0.007 (0.003), p = 0.04; for FMI: 0.092 (0.002), p = 0.03], adjusted for pubertal stage, breast-feeding, maternal overweight, carbohydrate intake, energy intake, and physical activity level. Furthermore, there was interaction between paternal occupation and the relations of dietary protein with %BF and FMI (p for interaction ≤ 0.04). None of the associations between protein intake and %BF, FMI, or FFMI was found among boys. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that school-aged girls, but not boys, living in South China with higher dietary protein intake might have higher body fat mass, which could be modified by paternal occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, BY-HEALTH CO., LTD, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No.99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Xue
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jay Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistic, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute for the Prevention of Allergies and Respiratory Diseases in Childhood, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Rebecca Muckelbauer
- Berlin School of Public Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Min Yang
- West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Huaxi Medical Center, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Quan
- Office of Scientific Research Management, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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[What are the determinants of childhood obesity? : A literature review as part of the project "Nationwide Monitoring of Childhood Obesity Determinants"]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:1465-1475. [PMID: 27695939 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can impair health even in childhood and unfold negative health consequences through an individual's lifespan. In Germany, to date, a systematic and periodically updated synopsis of the multifaceted determinants of childhood obesity is lacking. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic literature review on childhood obesity determinants, which was conducted over the course of the implementation of nationwide monitoring. METHODS The review was carried out in three steps. Initially, a search for etiological models of childhood obesity was conducted. Based on these results, a systematic review of reviews on childhood obesity determinants was carried out. Finally, the results were verified by taking international guidelines on childhood obesity into account. RESULTS In total, 21 etiological models, 75 reviews and 7 guidelines were identified. Over 60 determinants were extracted from these publications and were summarized into the following categories: nutritional behavior, physical activity behavior, sleeping pattern, biological determinants and diseases, prenatal and early childhood determinants, psycho-social determinants, food environment, moveability/walkability, setting and social environment, health promotion and prevention, socioeconomic, demographic, and sociocultural determinants. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates the complex patterns of childhood obesity determinants in correspondence with a socio-ecological approach. The review will form the basis for the monitoring-system "Nationwide Monitoring of Childhood Obesity Determinants", which will be implemented at the Robert Koch Institute by the end of 2017.
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Pigeot I, Baranowski T, Lytle L, Ahrens W. [Prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents : Critical appraisal of the evidence base]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:1423-1431. [PMID: 27709262 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite careful planning and implementation, overweight/obesity prevention interventions in children and adolescents typically show no, inconsistent or merely weak effects. Such programs usually aim at behavior changes, rarely also at environmental changes, that draw upon conventional wisdom regarding the commonly accepted determinants of childhood overweight/obesity. OBJECTIVE This paper evaluates the evidence base of the apparently overweight-/obesity-related determinants diet, physical activity and stress. The results of international intervention studies are discussed against this background. METHODS AND MATERIALS Based on the mediating-moderating variable model, we investigate the effect of theory specified mediating variables and how potential moderating variables may impact these relationships. RESULTS Contrary to common beliefs, recent research has revealed inconsistent evidence regarding associations between potentially obesogenic behaviors and overweight/obesity in youth. Moreover, the evidence for strong and causal relationships between mediating variables and targeted behaviors seems to be inconsistent. In addition, inadequate attention is paid to moderating effects. DISCUSSION The etiology of overweight/obesity in youth is likely the result of a complex interplay of multi-causal influences. Future prevention interventions would benefit from a more thorough understanding of the complex relationships that have been hypothesized and of the mechanisms of suspected behaviors for affecting overweight/obesity. Only if substantial change can be demonstrated in mediators with reasonable effort under real world circumstances, it will make sense to progress to community behavior change trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Fachbereich 03: Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Bremen, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland.
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leslie Lytle
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Fachbereich 03: Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Bremen, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland
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49
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Thurber KA, Dobbins T, Neeman T, Banwell C, Banks E. Body mass index trajectories of Indigenous Australian children and relation to screen time, diet, and demographic factors. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:747-756. [PMID: 28349661 PMCID: PMC5396259 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited cross-sectional data indicate elevated overweight/obesity prevalence among Indigenous versus non-Indigenous Australian children. This study aims to quantify body mass index (BMI) trajectories among Indigenous Australian children aged 3-6 and 6-9 years and to identify factors associated with the development of overweight/obesity. METHODS Three-year BMI change was examined in up to 1,157 children in the national Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children. BMI trajectories among children with normal baseline BMI (n = 907/1,157) were quantified using growth curve models. RESULTS Baseline prevalences of overweight/obesity were 12.1% and 25.4% among children of mean age 3 and 6 years, respectively. Of children with normal baseline BMI, 31.9% had overweight/obesity 3 years later; BMI increased more rapidly for younger versus older (difference: 0.59 kg/m2 /year; 95% CI: 0.50-0.69), female versus male (difference: 0.15 kg/m2 /year; 95% CI: 0.07-0.23), and Torres Strait Islander versus Aboriginal (difference: 0.36 kg/m2 /year; 95% CI: 0.17-0.55) children. Results were consistent with less rapid rates of BMI increase for children with lower sugar-sweetened beverage (including fruit juice) and high-fat food consumption. Children's BMI was lower in more disadvantaged areas. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity is common, and increases rapidly, in early childhood. Interventions are required to reduce the overweight/obesity prevalence among Indigenous Australian children in the first 3 years of life and to slow the rapid overweight/obesity onset from age 3 to 9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ann Thurber
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population HealthThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Timothy Dobbins
- National Drug & Alcohol Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Statistical Consulting UnitThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Cathy Banwell
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population HealthThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population HealthThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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50
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Lima RA, Pfeiffer KA, Bugge A, Møller NC, Andersen LB, Stodden DF. Motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness have greater influence on body fatness than physical activity across time. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:1638-1647. [PMID: 28164374 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the longitudinal associations among physical activity (PA), motor competence (MC), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak ), and body fatness across 7 years, and also analyzed the possible mediation effects of PA, MC, and VO2peak on the relationships with body fatness. This was a seven-year longitudinal study with three measuring points (mean ages [in years] and respective sample size: 6.75±0.37, n=696; 9.59±1.07, n=617; 13.35±0.34, n=513). PA (moderate-to-vigorous PA-MVPA and vigorous PA-VPA) was monitored using accelerometers. MC was assessed by the "Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder-KTK" test battery. VO2peak was evaluated using a continuous running protocol until exhaustion. Body fatness was determined by the sum of four skinfolds. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the longitudinal associations among PA, MC, VO2peak, and body fatness and the potential mediation effects of PA, MC, and VO2peak . All coefficients presented were standardized (z-scores). MC and VO2peak directly influenced the development of body fatness, and VO2peak mediated the associations between MVPA, VPA, MC, and body fatness. MC also mediated the associations between MVPA, VPA, and body fatness. In addition, VO2peak had the largest total association with body fatness (β=-0.431; P<.05), followed by MC (β=-0.369; P<.05) and VPA (β=-0.112; P<.05). As PA, MC, and VO2peak exhibited longitudinal association with body fatness, it seems logical that interventions should strive to promote the development of fitness and MC through developmentally appropriate physical activities, as the synergistic interactions of all three variables impacted body fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lima
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil.,Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - K A Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Bugge
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - N C Møller
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - L B Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - D F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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