1
|
Ribeiro IDC, Santos de Almeida Oliveira TLP, Santos GCJ, Nobre IG, Dos Santos RM, Rodrigues CPS, Dos Santos Costa MV, Damasceno MCM, Ferreira E Silva WT, Leandro CG. Daily consumption of ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 7 to 10 years in Northeast Brazil. Nutr Health 2023; 29:557-565. [PMID: 35253501 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221084816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption is associated with pediatric overweight and obesity. Aim: To evaluate the UPFs consumption in children classified either as eutrophic or with excess weight (overweight and obesity). It was also described the fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the correlation between UPFs consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: A total of 139 children aged 7-10years of both sexes, living in Northeast Brazil were classified as eutrophic (n = 65) or excess weight (n = 62). Waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fatness (% BF), fat-free-mass and fat mass were evaluated. Fasting blood sample were collected for biochemical analysis. Food consumption was classified according to the degree of processing. Results: Children with excess weight had a reduction in plasma HDL concentration (45.00; IQR:36.00-54.50 mg/dL vs. 40.00; IQR:35.75-45.25 mg/dL; p = 0.021) and an increase in blood glucose (82.00; IQR:79.00-86.00 mg/dL vs. 86.00; IQR:81.00-90.00 mg/dL; p < 0.001) and TG (64.00; IQR:45.00-92.50 mg/dL vs. 81.00; IQR:57.50-111.75 mg/dL; p < 0.021) when compared with the eutrophic children. UPFs accounted for 43.43% of the total calories consumed by children. Children with excess weight had higher total energy consumption resulting from consumption of UPFs (714.30 ± 26.32 kcal vs. 848.06 ± 349.46 kcal; p = 0.011). The absolute consumption of the UPFs showed a positive correlation with WC (r = 0.202; p = 0.023) and %BF (r = 0.198; p = 0.026). Conclusion: UPFs consumption was higher for children with excess weight and positively correlated with two cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting the need for strengthening public policies that discourage the consumption of these foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabele Góes Nobre
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Li X, Wang W, Guo R, Huang X. Spatiotemporal evolution and characteristics of worldwide life expectancy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87145-87157. [PMID: 37418193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploring global differences in life expectancy can facilitate the development of strategies to narrow regional disparities. However, few researchers have systematically examined patterns in the evolution of worldwide life expectancy over a long time period. Spatial differences among 181 countries in 4 types of worldwide life expectancy patterns from 1990 to 2019 were investigated via geographic information system (GIS) analysis. The aggregation characteristics of the spatiotemporal evolution of life expectancy were revealed by local indicators of spatial association. The analysis employed spatiotemporal sequence-based kernel density estimation and explored the differences in life expectancy among regions with the Theil index. We found that the global life expectancy progress rate shows upward then downward patterns over the last 30 years. Female have higher rates of spatiotemporal progression in life expectancy than male, with less internal variation and a wider spatial aggregation. The global spatial and temporal autocorrelation of life expectancy shows a weakening trend. The difference in life expectancy between male and female is reflected in both intrinsic causes of biological differences and extrinsic causes such as environment and lifestyle habits. Investment in education pulls apart differences in life expectancy over long time series. These results provide scientific guidelines for obtaining the highest possible level of health in countries around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Li
- Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services & MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial & Spatial Big Data & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services & MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial & Spatial Big Data & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Renzhong Guo
- Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services & MNR Technology Innovation Center of Territorial & Spatial Big Data & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xiaojin Huang
- Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma L, Schluter PJ. Urban-rural disparity in body mass index: is dietary knowledge a mechanism? Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2004-2015. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04064. [PMID: 37499124 PMCID: PMC10374270 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The co-existence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity has been recognised as a severe challenge in China, with substantial urban-rural disparity. We evaluated short- and long-term associations of urban-rural locality on body mass index (BMI) in Chinese adults overall and stratified by sex, focusing on whether dietary knowledge plays a mediating role. Methods We used cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs with structural equation modelling based on the 2004 (T1) and 2015 (T2) waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We adjusted the models for covariates and performed sensitivity analyses. Results We cross-sectionally analysed 8932 (53.1% women) and 11 216 adults (54.3% women) at T1 and T2, respectively, and longitudinally investigated 4073 adults (55.6% women) in both T1 and T2. The estimated average dietary knowledge and mean BMI increased from T1 to T2. At each time point, we found significant indications of direct (e.g. urban-rural locality to BMI, urban-rural locality to dietary knowledge, and dietary knowledge to BMI) and indirect associations (e.g. urban-rural locality to dietary knowledge to BMI) overall and for men and women (except that urban-rural locality to BMI) separately. The long-term association between urban-rural locality and BMI attenuated over time and was not mediated by dietary knowledge change alone. Nevertheless, dietary knowledge interacted with BMI, which acted as a pathway from urban-rural locality to BMI in the long term. Conclusions Urban-rural disparity in BMI persists in Chinese adults and is mediated by dietary knowledge. Policy and educational efforts to improve dietary knowledge among rural people may reduce China's urban-rural disparity in BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Philip J Schluter
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Clinical Medicine, Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masilela LN, Modjadji P. Child Nutrition Outcomes and Maternal Nutrition-Related Knowledge in Rural Localities of Mbombela, South Africa. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1294. [PMID: 37628293 PMCID: PMC10453191 DOI: 10.3390/children10081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Poor nutrition outcomes among children have become one of the major public health concerns in South Africa, attributed to poor feeding practices and maternal nutrition-related knowledge with conflicting data. In view of this, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association of nutrition outcomes of children aged under two years with feeding practices and maternal nutrition-related knowledge in Mbombela, South Africa. Mothers' nutrition-related knowledge was estimated using an adapted structured questionnaire on colostrum, continued breastfeeding, diarrhea prevention and treatment using oral rehydration solution, immunization, and family planning, and scored as excellent (80-100), good (60-79), average (40-59), and fair (0-39). This was along with questions on socio-demographic factors and obstetric history, as well as anthropometric measurements. Child nutrition outcomes were estimated by WHO classification using z-scores for stunting (length-for-age (LAZ)), underweight (weight-for-age (WAZ)), and thinness (body mass index-for-age (BAZ)). Using STATA 17, 400 pairs of children (8 ± 6 months) and their mothers (29 ± 6 years) participated in the study and were living in a poor socio-economic status environment. Half of children were stunted (50%) and over half (54%) were obese, while mothers were underweight (39%) and overweight (34%). In addition to one third of mothers reporting obstetric complications, two thirds, initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery, 30% exclusively breastfed, 48% introduced early complementary feeding, and 70% practiced mixed feeding. Twenty-eight percent (28%) of mothers had fair nutrition-related knowledge, while 66% had average knowledge, 6% good knowledge, and none of the mothers had excellent knowledge. A chi-square test showed that mothers' nutrition-related knowledge was significantly associated with child stunting. The final hierarchical logistic regression showed significant associations of stunting with mothers' nutrition-related knowledge (average: AOR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.12-3.29), child's age (6-11 months: AOR = 2.63, 95%CI: 1.53-4.53 and 12-23 months: AOR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.41-7.25), and education (completing Grade 12: AOR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.15-0.86). Contextual and intensified interventions on continued education for mothers to gain accurate information on nutrition-related knowledge and feeding practices could ultimately enhance child nutrition outcomes in poorer settings. Efforts should therefore be made to ensure that nutrition knowledge is appropriately provided based on the phases of child growth from 0 to 2 years, even beyond infancy into school age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Nomsa Masilela
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, 1 Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Perpetua Modjadji
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, 1 Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Galván M, Hernández-Cabrera J, López-Rodríguez G, Bustos N, García-Cruz R, Guzmán-Saldaña R, Alzate-Yepes T, Galván-Valencia O. Perceptions of food environments in the school and at home during Covid-19: An online cross-sectional study of parents, teachers and experts from Latin America. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287747. [PMID: 37384611 PMCID: PMC10309603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from Latin America (LA) have been related to obesogenic food environments. Besides, the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic should also be considered. The objective of this research was to describe and compare the perceptions of parents, teachers, and experts in LA of food environments at home and school that favor healthy habits in schoolchildren in pre Covid-19 stage and during the pandemic. METHODS This study used a survey self-reporting regarding conditions at home and the school favoring healthy habits, for three profiles: parents, primary school teachers, and experts. A fisher exact test was used to establish the difference between the response categories between countries and profiles. Logistic regression models were used to determine the probability of response in the levels of importance adjusted for sex and nationality. RESULTS Information from 954 questionnaires was reported: 48.4% experts, 32.0% teachers, and 19.6% parents. There were differences in the perception of food environments at school between profiles (p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression models, experts and teachers were 20% more likely to give greater importance to elements of the food environment at school compared to parents (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that parents were less likely to perceive important elements of the school food environment compared to experts and teachers. Interventions are required to improve healthy eating environments that consider children's interpersonal mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Galván
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Center, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Jhazmín Hernández-Cabrera
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Center, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe López-Rodríguez
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Center, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Nelly Bustos
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén García-Cruz
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Center, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Guzmán-Saldaña
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Center, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Teresita Alzate-Yepes
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Oscar Galván-Valencia
- Interdisciplinary Network of Experts in School Environments in Latin America, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seenivasan S, Talukdar D, Nagpal A. National income and macro-economic correlates of the double burden of malnutrition: an ecological study of adult populations in 188 countries over 42 years. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e469-e477. [PMID: 37286244 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) represents a growing global challenge with adverse health and economic consequences. We aimed to investigate the associative roles of national income (gross domestic product per capita [GDPPC]) and macro-environmental factors on the DBM trends among national adult populations. METHODS In this ecological study we assembled extensive historical data on GDPPC from the World Bank World Development Indicators database and population-level DBM data of adults (aged ≥18 years) from the WHO Global Health Observatory database in 188 countries over 42 years (1975-2016). In our analysis, a country was considered to have the DBM in a year when adult overweight (BMI ≥25·0 kg/m2) and underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) prevalence was each 10% or more in that year. We used a Type 2 Tobit model to estimate the association of GDPPC and selected macro-environmental factors (globalisation index, adult literacy rate, female share in the labour force, share of agriculture in the national gross domestic product [GDP], prevalence of undernourishment, and percentage of principal display area mandated to be covered by health warnings on cigarette packaging) with DBM in 122 countries. FINDINGS We find a negative association between GDPPC and the likelihood of a country having the DBM. However, conditional on its presence, DBM level exhibits an inverted-U shaped association with GDPPC. We found an upward shift in DBM levels from 1975 to 2016 across countries at the same level of GDPPC. Among the macro-environmental variables, share of females in the labour force and share of agriculture in the national GDP are negatively associated with DBM presence in a country, whereas the prevalence of undernourishment in the population is positively associated. Further, globalisation index, adult literacy rate, share of females in the labour force, and health warnings on cigarette packaging are negatively associated with DBM levels in countries. INTERPRETATION DBM level in national adult populations rises with GDPPC until US$11 113 (in 2021 constant dollar terms) and then starts declining. Given their current GDPPC levels, most low-income and middle-income countries are thus unlikely to have a decline in the DBM levels in the near future, ceteris paribus. Those countries will also be expected to experience a higher DBM level at similar levels of national income than were historically experienced by the current high-income countries. Our findings point to a further intensification of the DBM challenge in the near future for the low-income and middle-income countries as they continue to have income growth. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Seenivasan
- Department of Marketing, Monash Business School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Debabrata Talukdar
- School of Management, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anish Nagpal
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dillman Carpentier FR, Mediano Stoltze F, Reyes M, Taillie LS, Corvalán C, Correa T. Restricting child-directed ads is effective, but adding a time-based ban is better: evaluating a multi-phase regulation to protect children from unhealthy food marketing on television. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:62. [PMID: 37231508 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As childhood obesity rates continue to rise, health organizations have called for regulations that protect children from exposure to unhealthy food marketing. In this study, we evaluate the impact of child-based versus time-based restrictions of "high-in" food and beverage advertising in Chile, which first restricted the placement of "high-in" advertisements (ads) in television attracting children and the use of child-directed content in high-in ads and, second, banned high-in ads from 6am-10pm. "High-in" refers to products above regulation-defined thresholds in energy, saturated fats, sugars, and/or sodium. High-in advertising prevalence and children's exposure to high-in advertising are assessed. METHODS We analyzed a random stratified sample of advertising from two constructed weeks of television at pre-regulation (2016), after Phase 1 child-based advertising restrictions (2017, 2018), and after the Phase 2 addition of a 6am-10pm high-in advertising ban (2019). High-in ad prevalence in post-regulation years were compared to prior years to assess changes in prevalence. We also analyzed television ratings data for the 4-12 year-old child audience to estimate children's ad exposure. RESULTS Compared to pre-regulation, high-in ads decreased after Phase 1 (2017) by 42% across television (41% between 6am-10pm, 44% from 10pm-12am) and 29% in programs attracting children (P < 0.01). High-in ads further decreased after Phase 2, reaching a 64% drop from pre-regulation across television (66% between 6am-10pm, 56% from 10pm-12am) and a 77% drop in programs attracting children (P < 0.01). High-in ads with child-directed ad content also dropped across television in Phase 1 (by 41%) and Phase 2 (by 67%), compared to pre-regulation (P < 0.01). Except for high-in ads from 10pm-12am, decreases in high-in ads between Phase 1 (2018) and Phase 2 were significant (P < 0.01). Children's high-in ad exposure decreased by 57% after Phase 1 and by 73% after Phase 2 (P < 0.001), compared to pre-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Chile's regulation most effectively reduced children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing with combined child-based and time-based restrictions. Challenges remain with compliance and limits in the regulation, as high-in ads were not eliminated from television. Yet, having a 6am-10pm ban is clearly critical for maximizing the design and implementation of policies that protect children from unhealthy food marketing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Mediano Stoltze
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Marcela Reyes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gilling's School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, 7830490, Chile
| | - Teresa Correa
- School of Communication, Diego Portales University, Santiago, 8370067, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sahiledengle B, Mwanri L, Kumie A, Beressa G, Atlaw D, Tekalegn Y, Zenbaba D, Desta F, Kene C, Seyoum K, Gomora D, Woldeyohannes D, Agho KE. The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:218. [PMID: 37147654 PMCID: PMC10163774 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double burden of childhood malnutrition is a condition where undernutrition (stunting) along with overweight and obesity coexist within individuals, households, and populations. It reflects a new layer of malnutrition and an understudied phenomenon in many low-income settings. To date, the prevalence and factors that are associated with concurrent stunting and overweight or obesity (overweight/obesity) (CSO) in the same children have not been well researched in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with the coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity among children aged 0-59 months in Ethiopia. METHODS Pooled data from 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A total of 23,756 (weighted sample) children aged 0-59 months were included in the study. Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) less than - 2 SD and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) above 2 SD were calculated, and children were classified as stunted and overweight/obese, respectively. A child who is simultaneously stunted and overweight/obese was considered as having HAZ below - 2 SD and WHZ above 2 SD computed into a variable named CSO, and reported as a binary outcome (yes or no). Multilevel logistic regression analysis that adjusts for sampling weights and clustering was used to identify factors associated with CSO. RESULTS The prevalence of stunting, overweight or obesity, and CSO among under-five children was 43.12% [95% CI: (42.50, 43.75%)], 2.62% [95% CI: (2.42, 2.83%)], and 1.33% [95% CI: (1.18, 1.48%)], respectively. The percentage of CSO children was reported to have declined from 2.36% [95% CI: (1.94-2.85)] in 2005 to 0.87% [95%CI: (0.07-1.07)] in 2011, and the same appeared to have increased slightly to 1.34% [95%CI: (1.13-1.59)] in 2016. Children who were currently breastfeeding [AOR: 1.64, 95%CI: (1.01-2.72)], born to an overweight mother [AOR: 2.65, 95%CI: (1.19-5.88)], and lived in families with 1-4 household members [AOR: 1.52, 95%CI: (1.02-2.26)] were significantly associated with CSO. At the community level the odds of having CSO were higher among children included from EDHS-2005 [AOR: 4.38, 95%CI: (2.42-7.95)]. CONCLUSION The study revealed that less than 2% of children had CSO in Ethiopia. CSO was linked to factors at both the individual (i.e. breastfeeding status, maternal overweight, and household size) and community-levels. Overall, the study findings indicated the necessity of focused interventions to simultaneously address double burden of childhood malnutrition in Ethiopia. To further combat the double burden of malnutrition, early identification of at-risk children, including those born to overweight women and children living with multiple household members, is indispensable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biniyam Sahiledengle
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia.
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- Centre for Public Health Research, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University, Adelaide Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Abera Kumie
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Beressa
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Atlaw
- Department of Human Anatomy, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Tekalegn
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Demisu Zenbaba
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Fikreab Desta
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Chala Kene
- Department of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Kenbon Seyoum
- Department of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Degefa Gomora
- Department of Midwifery, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Demelash Woldeyohannes
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dehzad MJ, Ghalandari H, Nouri M, Askarpour M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cytokine 2023; 164:156144. [PMID: 36804260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric and its prominent bioactive compound, curcumin, have been the subject of many investigations with regard to their impact on inflammatory and oxidative balance in the body. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the existing literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which examined this hypothesis. Major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar) were searched from inception up to October 2022. Relevant studies meeting our eligibility criteria were obtained. Main outcomes included inflammatory markers (i.e. C-reactive protein(CRP), tumour necrosis factorα(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β)) and markers of oxidative stress (i.e. total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde(MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were reported. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Sixty-six RCTs were included in the final analysis. We observed that turmeric/curcumin supplementation significantly reduces levels of inflammatory markers, including CRP (WMD: -0.58 mg/l, 95 % CI: -0.74, -0.41), TNF-α (WMD: -3.48 pg/ml, 95 % CI: -4.38, -2.58), and IL-6 (WMD: -1.31 pg/ml, 95 % CI: -1.58, -0.67); except for IL-1β (WMD: -0.46 pg/ml, 95 % CI: -1.18, 0.27) for which no significant change was found. Also, turmeric/curcumin supplementation significantly improved anti-oxidant activity through enhancing TAC (WMD = 0.21 mmol/l; 95 % CI: 0.08, 0.33), reducing MDA levels (WMD = -0.33 µmol /l; 95 % CI: -0.53, -0.12), and SOD activity (WMD = 20.51 u/l; 95 % CI: 7.35, 33.67). It seems that turmeric/curcumin supplementation might be used as a viable intervention for improving inflammatory/oxidative status of individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Dehzad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Student Research Committee, Department of community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Department of community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Holst J, van de Pas R. The biomedical securitization of global health. Global Health 2023; 19:15. [PMID: 36871029 PMCID: PMC9985490 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak has shifted the course in the global health debate further towards health security and biomedical issues. Even though global health had already played a growing role in the international policy agenda, the pandemic strongly reinforced the interest of the media, the general public and the community in cross-border infectious diseases. This led to a strengthening of the already dominant biomedical understanding of global health and the securitization of health in foreign policy. METHODS This paper critically provides a narrative, iterative review of the health security literature available to date, with a special focus on the development of the currently prevailing concept of health security and the dual trend towards the securitization and biomedicalization of global health. FINDINGS In a world increasingly determined by power asymmetries, unequal distribution of opportunities and resources, and inadequate governance structures, securitizing health has become a key feature of global governance. Health security is predominantly based on a concept that neglects the global burden of disease determined by non-communicable conditions rather than by infectious diseases. Moreover, it exhibits a trend towards biomedical solutions and neglects root causes of global health crises. CONCLUSIONS As important as health security is, the underlying concept driven by biomedical and technocratic reductionism falls short. It widely neglects the social, economic, political, commercial and environmental determination of health. Beyond improved health care and prevention, health-in-all policies are ultimately required for ensuring health security and reducing one of its main challenges, health inequalities within and between countries. Global health security must first and foremost seek to guarantee the universal right to health and therefore emphasise the social, economic, commercial and political determination of health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Holst
- Department of Health Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Strasse 123, 36037, Fulda, Germany.
| | - Remco van de Pas
- Department of Public Health, Lecturer Global Health Policy, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Centre for Planetary Health Policy, German Alliance Climate Change and Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ardiles LG. Obesity and renal disease: Benefits of bariatric surgery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1134644. [PMID: 36926320 PMCID: PMC10011092 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1134644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, a preventable and reversible condition with a high impact on health, continues to rise, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Severe overweight is well recognized as a risk factor for diabetes and hypertension, among other conditions, that may increase cardiovascular risk. Obesity has grown simultaneously with a rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, and a pathophysiological link has been established, which explains its role in generating the conditions to facilitate the emergence and maximize the impact of the risk factors of chronic kidney disease and its progression to more advanced stages. Knowing the mechanisms involved and having different tools to reverse the overweight and its consequences, bariatric surgery has arisen as a useful and efficient method, complementary or alternative to others, such as lifestyle changes and/or pharmacotherapy. In a detailed review, the mechanisms involved in the renal consequences of obesity, the impact on risk factors, and the potential benefit of bariatric surgery at different stages of the disease and its progression are exposed and analyzed. Although the observational evidence supports the value of bariatric surgery as a renoprotective measure in individuals with obesity, diabetic or not, randomized studies are expected to establish evidence-based recommendations that demonstrate its positive risk-benefit balance as a complementary or alternative therapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo G Ardiles
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holst J, Razum O. Global health and health security - conflicting concepts for achieving stability through health? Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3972-3980. [PMID: 35259063 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2049342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global health has become fashionable and an important topic on the international policy agenda. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, cross-border infectious diseases had provoked a great deal of media and public interest, academic research and foreign-policy agendas. This paper analyses the relevance of health security in global health. It stresses global health as an explicitly political concept taking into consideration existing inequalities and power asymmetries. Global health represents the necessary evolution of public health in the face of ubiquitous global challenges and the growing number of international players. Some of them tend to divert global health towards technification, marketisation and privatisation, promoting biomedical reductionism and predominantly technological solutions. Overall, the current global health concept fails to adequately consider the global burden of disease, which is largely determined by non-communicable conditions. Global health goes beyond preventing infectious diseases and health security and must first and foremost focus on the social, economic, ecologic and political determination of health, which interacts with non-communicable and communicable diseases, turning them into syndemics. Health-in-all policies in a global perspective are required for sustainably reducing health inequalities within and between countries, instead of primarily focusing on security and safeguarding the status quo in a changing world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Holst
- Department of Health Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Modjadji P, Masilela LN, Cele L, Mathibe M, Mphekgwana PM. Evidence of Concurrent Stunting and Obesity among Children under 2 Years from Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Backgrounds in the Era of the Integrated Nutrition Programme in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12501. [PMID: 36231797 PMCID: PMC9564645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In view of persistent stunting and increasing rates of obesity coexisting among children in the era of the Integrated Nutrition Programme, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determined concurrent stunting and obesity (CSO) and related factors using a random sample of child-mother pairs (n = 400) in Mbombela, South Africa. Sociodemographic data was collected using a validated questionnaire, and stunting (≥2SD) and obesity (>3SD) were assessed through respective length-for-age (LAZ) and body mass index (BAZ) z-scores. Using SPSS 26.0, the mean age of children was 8 (4; 11) months, and poor sociodemographic status was observed, in terms of maternal singlehood (73%), no education or attaining primary education only (21%), being unemployed (79%), living in households with a monthly income below R10,000 (≈$617), and poor sanitation (84%). The z-test for a single proportion showed a significant difference between the prevalence of CSO (41%) and non-CSO (69%). Testing for the two hypotheses using the Chi-square test showed no significant difference of CSO between boys (40%) and girls (41%), while CSO was significantly different and high among children aged 6-11 months (55%), compared to those aged 0-5 months (35%) and ≥12 months (30%). Further analysis using hierarchical logistic regression showed significant associations of CSO with employment (AOR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.14-0.78), maternal education status (AOR = 0.39; 95%CI: 0.14-1.09) and water access (AOR = 2.47; 95%CI: 1.32; 4.63). Evidence-based and multilevel intervention programs aiming to prevent CSO and addressing stunting, while improving weight status in children with social disadvantages, are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perpetua Modjadji
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, 1 Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Lucy Nomsa Masilela
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, 1 Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Lindiwe Cele
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, 1 Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Mmampedi Mathibe
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, 1 Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Peter Modupi Mphekgwana
- Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pissarra J, Dorkeld F, Loire E, Bonhomme V, Sereno D, Lemesre JL, Holzmuller P. SILVI, an open-source pipeline for T-cell epitope selection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273494. [PMID: 36070252 PMCID: PMC9451077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening of available genomic data and identification of potential antigenic candidates have promoted the development of epitope-based vaccines and therapeutics. Several immunoinformatic tools are available to predict potential epitopes and other immunogenicity-related features, yet it is still challenging and time-consuming to compare and integrate results from different algorithms. We developed the R script SILVI (short for: from in silico to in vivo), to assist in the selection of the potentially most immunogenic T-cell epitopes from Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-binding prediction data. SILVI merges and compares data from available HLA-binding prediction servers, and integrates additional relevant information of predicted epitopes, namely BLASTp alignments with host proteins and physical-chemical properties. The two default criteria applied by SILVI and additional filtering allow the fast selection of the most conserved, promiscuous, strong binding T-cell epitopes. Users may adapt the script at their discretion as it is written in open-source R language. To demonstrate the workflow and present selection options, SILVI was used to integrate HLA-binding prediction results of three example proteins, from viral, bacterial and parasitic microorganisms, containing validated epitopes included in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), plus the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) proteome. Applying different filters on predicted IC50, hydrophobicity and mismatches with host proteins allows to significantly reduce the epitope lists with favourable sensitivity and specificity to select immunogenic epitopes. We contemplate SILVI will assist T-cell epitope selections and can be continuously refined in a community-driven manner, helping the improvement and design of peptide-based vaccines or immunotherapies. SILVI development version is available at: github.com/JoanaPissarra/SILVI2020 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6865909.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pissarra
- UMR INTERTRYP, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Franck Dorkeld
- UMR CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Loire
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Bonhomme
- ISEM, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Sereno
- UMR INTERTRYP, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Loup Lemesre
- UMR INTERTRYP, IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nutritional status of school children in the South Tongu District, Ghana. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269718. [PMID: 36001627 PMCID: PMC9401153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a major public health problem because of the devastating consequences it has on children, their families, and society at large. Our study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity and its associated factors among children aged 6–12 in the South Tongu District, Ghana. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 school children aged 6–12 years in the South Tongu District of Ghana. A multistage sampling method was employed to recruit the school children for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. We used a dual-purpose (height and weight) measuring scale to obtain the anthropometric data. The World Health Organization’s AnthroPlus software was used to generate the z-scores for determining the nutritional status. Percentages were used to present the results of the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs), with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Stata 16.0 was used to perform the analyses. Results The overall prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity were 21.5% (CI = 17.7, 25.7) and 24.8% (CI = 20.8, 29.2), respectively. Specifically, the prevalence of stunting, thinness, underweight, overweight, and obesity were 10.4%, 12.1%, 3.8%, 11.1%, and 13.7%, respectively. School children whose household used water from non-portable sources were more likely to be undernourished [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.63]. The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among school children whose mothers had attained formal education [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.09, 4.06], those who consumed beverages between meals per day [AOR = 1.87, CI = 1.08, 3.24], and those who had adequate dietary diversity score [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.67]. School children aged 10–12 were less likely to be overweight/obese [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.94] compared to those aged 6–9. Conclusion The study showed a relatively high prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children in the South Tongu District. The identified risk factor(s) for undernutrition was the usage of water from non-potable sources whilst those of overweight/obesity were age (10–12 years), maternal formal education, beverage consumption between meals per day, and adequate dietary diversity. The findings reaffirm that malnutrition is still prevalent among school children. Hence, there is a need for the Ministry of Health, Ghana Education Service, and other Non-Governmental Organizations to pay critical attention to these factors to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2, target 2.2. Nutritional behavioural change education should be carried out among parents and school children. School health service activities should be intensified with a special focus on nutritional screening.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pequeno NPF, Cabral NLDA, Oliveira ÂGRC, Crispim SP, Rocha C, Marchioni DM, Lima SCVC, Lyra CDO. Chronic diseases and emotional disorders are associated with low perception of quality of life in food insecurity/security. Front Public Health 2022; 10:893601. [PMID: 35923966 PMCID: PMC9340216 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.893601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding individual perception of Quality of Life (QoL) can help combat social and health inequalities. We aimed to identify factors associated with Low Perceived Quality of Life (LPQoL) in 295 adults and older adults with food security and food insecurity, in the city of Natal, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2019, with collection of data on socioeconomic demographic status, lifestyle information, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and risk factors, emotional disorders, food (in) security and quality of life. To assess food insecurity, the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity—EBIA was used, and the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. Poisson's Regression was used to verify associations between variables and LPQoL, stratifying the sample into food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) groups. In the FI group, being overweight, older adult, having no partner, drinking alcoholic beverages twice a week or more, and not having daily availability of water were associated with LPQoL, and in the FS group, having diabetes, monthly family income in the 1st and 2nd tertiles, and never having studied was associated with LPQoL. Reporting emotional disorders and sleeping < 7 h/day were associated with LPQoL in both FI and FS groups. LPQoL was associated with the occurrence of NCDs and risk factors, and emotional disorders, regardless of the food security measure. However, the lack of adequate access to water highlights the social vulnerability of the FI group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nila Patrícia Freire Pequeno
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Nila Patrícia Freire Pequeno
| | - Natália Louise de Araújo Cabral
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília Rocha
- School of Nutrition, Centre for Studies in Food Security, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clélia de Oliveira Lyra
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seferidi P, Hone T, Duran AC, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Millett C. Global inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition and associations with globalisation: a multilevel analysis of Demographic and Healthy Surveys from 55 low-income and middle-income countries, 1992–2018. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e482-e490. [PMID: 35148831 PMCID: PMC8924053 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby overnutrition and undernutrition coexist within the same individual, household, or population. This analysis investigates global inequalities in household-level DBM, expressed as a stunted child with an overweight mother, and its association with economic, social, and political globalisation across country income and household wealth. Methods We pooled anthropometric and demographic data for 1 132 069 children (aged <5 years) and their mothers (aged 15–49 years) from 189 Demographic and Health Surveys in 55 LMICs between 1992 and 2018. These data were combined with country-level data on economic, social, and political globalisation from the Konjunkturforschungsstelle Globalisation Index and gross national income (GNI) from the World Bank. Multivariate associations between DBM and household wealth, GNI, and globalisation and their interactions were tested using multilevel logistic regression models with country and year fixed-effects and robust standard errors clustered by country. Findings The probability of DBM was higher among richer households in poorer LMICs and poorer households in richer LMICs. Economic globalisation was associated with higher odds of DBM among the poorest households (odds ratio 1·49, 95% CI 1·20–1·86) compared with the richest households. These associations attenuated as GNI increased. Social globalisation was associated with higher odds of DBM (1·39, 95% CI 1·16–1·65), independently of household wealth or country income. No associations were identified between political globalisation and DBM. Interpretation Increases in economic and social globalisation were associated with higher DBM, although the impacts of economic globalisation were mostly realised by the world's poorest. The economic patterning of DBM observed in this study calls for subpopulation-specific double-duty actions, which should further aim to mitigate the potential negative and unequal impacts of globalisation. Funding UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. Translations For the Spanish and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
|
18
|
Brattig NW, Graf A, Konou A, Casagrande G, Utzinger J, Meier L. More than seven decades of Acta Tropica: Looking back to move into the future. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106155. [PMID: 34634266 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acta Tropica is an international, peer-reviewed journal advancing scientific research in the fields of tropical medicine and parasitology. This article elucidates the rich history of the journal and speculates about its future. Acta Tropica was launched in 1944 and formed an integral part of the establishment and running of the Swiss Tropical Institute in Basel. After two distinct periods of relatively small publication activities (1944-1976 and 1977-1988), in 1989, Acta Tropica was transferred to the Dutch publisher Elsevier. Subsequently, the annual number of publications steadily increased and the scope of the journal broadened to the biology of pathogens and their vectors, to genetics, host-parasite relationships, mechanisms of pathogenicity, diagnostics, and treatment of tropical diseases. The body of published articles contributed to an improved understanding of the prevention, surveillance, control, and elimination of diseases that are intimately linked to poverty, such as malaria and neglected tropical diseases. In recent years, the scope of Acta Tropica was widening to target emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, epidemics and pandemics, interrelations of microbes, viruses, and parasites, co-dependencies of epidemiology, ecology, environment, and climate change. Importantly, non-communicable diseases are gaining interest in low- and middle-income countries due to urbanization, globalization, and rapidly changing life styles, and hence, these issues receive growing prominence. Acta Tropica continues to embrace inter- and, indeed, transdisciplinary research to address pressing global health issues and sustainable development.
Collapse
|
19
|
Has Food Security and Nutritional Status Improved in Children 1-<10 Years in Two Provinces of South Africa between 1999 (National Food Consumption Survey) and 2018 (Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS)). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031038. [PMID: 35162059 PMCID: PMC8834547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 1999 National Food Consumption Survey in South Africa showed that food insecurity (hunger) was prevalent in households with children aged one to <10 years. A repeat of the survey in two provinces: Gauteng (GTG) and the Western Cape (WC) was undertaken in 2018. Results showed that in all domains (living areas) in GTG, food shortage prevalence decreased between 1999 and 2018, from 55.0% to 29.6% in urban informal areas, from 34.1% to 19.4% in urban formal areas and from 42.1% to 15.6% in rural areas. While the prevalence of food shortage in urban formal areas in the WC remained similar in 2018, prevalence decreased from 81.8% to 35.7% in urban informal areas and from 38.3% to 20.6% in rural areas. Energy and macronutrient intakes improved significantly in GTG between 1999 and 2018 but not in the WC; intakes were significantly higher in the WC at both time points. The only significant change in stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity prevalence was that 7-<10-year-olds in GTG were significantly more likely to be wasted (BAZ < 2SD) in 2018 than in 1999 (20.2% versus 6.9% respectively). In the WC, 1-3-year-olds were significantly more likely to be obese in 2018 than in 1999 (8.1% versus 1.7% respectively) and 7-<10-year-olds were less likely to be stunted (14.5% versus 4.9% respectively). There were significant negative correlations between the hunger score and dietary variables in both provinces in 1999. In GTG in 2018, only the correlation with fat intake remained while there were still several significant correlations in WC in 2018. Changes in top 12 energy contributors reflect a shift to high or moderate energy foods low in nutrients from 1999 to 2018. Nutrient dense (high micronutrients, low energy/g) foods (e.g., fruit) fell off the list in 2018. Logistic regression analyses reflect the importance for food security of having a parent as head of the household and/or caregiver, and parents having grade 12 or higher education and being employed. We conclude that food security nutritional status indicators improved amongst 1-<10-year-old children especially in GTG between 1999 and 2018. However, the shift to poorer food choices and increase in wasting in older children and overweight in younger children are of concern.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kidney Damage Caused by Obesity and Its Feasible Treatment Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020747. [PMID: 35054932 PMCID: PMC8775419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of obesity worldwide has made it a major health problem, while the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity has had a significant impact on the magnitude of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in developing countries. A vast amount of researchers have reported a strong relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease, and obesity can serve as an independent risk factor for kidney disease. The histological changes of kidneys in obesity-induced renal injury include glomerular or tubular hypertrophy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or bulbous sclerosis. Furthermore, inflammation, renal hemodynamic changes, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders are all involved in the development and progression of obesity-induced nephropathy. However, there is no targeted treatment for obesity-related kidney disease. In this review, RAS inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors and melatonin would be presented to treat obesity-induced kidney injury. Furthermore, we concluded that melatonin can protect the kidney damage caused by obesity by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, revealing its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
21
|
Obesity, Body Image Dissatisfaction, and Sexual Dysfunction: A Narrative Review. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With approximately two-thirds of the United States adult population classified as overweight or obese, obesity remains a critical public health concern. Obesity not only contributes to several health complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, but the condition is also associated with sexual dysfunction in both women and men. Despite evidence linking obesity and its concomitant pathophysiology to sexual problems, the potential roles of psychosocial factors such as body image are understudied. This narrative review evaluates the research linkages between obesity and sexual dysfunction, with particular attention to the potential effects of body image dissatisfaction. A literature search of biomedical and psychological databases was used to identify research pertaining to obesity, sexual function, and/or body image constructs. The pathophysiological effects of obesity on sexual function are well-documented in mechanistic studies and animal trials, often with corroboration in human clinical samples. However, very few studies examine obesity, body image, and sexual function in tandem. Body image dissatisfaction appears to independently impinge upon the sexual response cycle and mental health outcomes, irrespective of body weight. While obesity is often associated with negative body image appraisal, it is unclear whether these constructs exert additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects on sexual responsivity. Additionally, overweight/obese individuals who exhibit higher levels of body image satisfaction or self-confidence appear to be protected from the deleterious effects of obesity on sexual satisfaction, at least to some extent. Greater reliance upon conceptual/theoretical models from the body image literature may better clarify the relationships between these constructs.
Collapse
|
22
|
SATO Y, MATA MMD, MEDEIROS MATD. Food and nutrition actions for the maternal and child population in primary healthcare: comparative analysis of municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil. REV NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202235e210230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Characterize and comparatively analyse the organization of nutritional attention to prenatal care, the puerperium period and breastfeeding, in primary health care, in two municipalities of Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods This was an exploratory-analytical study of family health units and the mixed basic care units of Cubatão (n=17) and Guarujá (n=14). For this purpose, seven domains of the Nutritional Attention Assessment Instrument in Primary Health Care were used. Descriptive analysis and the Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s chi-square tests were performed. Results In the comparison between the municipalities, the best scores were obtained in Guarujá. Statistically significant differences were found for the following indicators: support for nutritional attention actions: infrastructure and permanent education (<0.001); food and nutritional surveillance (<0.001); nutritional attention focused on prenatal care (<0.001); and nutritional attention focused on postpartum care and breastfeeding (0.012). Nutritional attention actions for mother-infant groups were more frequent in the city of Guarujá, which compared with Cubatão, achieved better scores for the nutritional attention evaluation indicators. Conclusion The municipality of Guarujá had better indicators of infrastructure and permanent education, food and nutrition surveillance, and puerperal and breastfeeding nutritional care. However, weaknesses persist in the organization of nutritional care in the two cities studied, especially regarding the work process.
Collapse
|
23
|
Roberts SB, Anton S, Dao MC. Weight Loss Strategies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 274:331-348. [PMID: 35624229 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions for weight loss combine support for changing diet and physical activity with weight management education and are considered the first line treatment for obesity. A variety of diet-focused interventions including time-restricted eating are also increasingly being promoted for weight management. This chapter reviews different types of interventions for weight management, their underlying health behavior change models, and effectiveness to date in randomized trials. The results justify increasing efforts to improve program effectiveness generally, and to personalize interventions to support long-term adherence. The high prevalence of obesity worldwide, combined with the known increase in risk of non-communicable diseases with duration of excess weight, provides a compelling justification for routine delivery of effective weight management interventions in the community and in clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Roberts
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stephen Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria C Dao
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
García-Guerrero VM, Beltrán-Sánchez H. Heterogeneity in Excess Mortality and Its Impact on Loss of Life Expectancy due to COVID-19: Evidence from Mexico. CANADIAN STUDIES IN POPULATION 2021; 48:165-200. [PMID: 34667369 PMCID: PMC8516578 DOI: 10.1007/s42650-021-00051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The new coronavirus (COVID-19) is having a major impact on mortality and survival in most countries of the world, with Mexico being one of the countries most heavily impacted by the pandemic. In this paper, we study the impact of COVID-19 deaths on period life expectancy at birth in Mexico by sex and state. We focus on the loss of life expectancy at different ages as a geographically comparable measure of the pandemic's impact on the population in 2020. Results show that males have been affected more than women since they have lost more years of life expectancy at birth due to COVID-19, and they have also experienced a high variation of life expectancy loss across states. The biggest life expectancy loss concentrates in the Northeastern, Central, and Southeastern (Yucatan peninsula) states. Considering the likely undercount associated with COVID-19 deaths, sensitivity analysis suggests that the new coronavirus is having a much larger impact on life expectancy in Mexico than the official government data appears to indicate. Continuos assessment of the pandemic will help state governments quantify the effect of current and new public health measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M García-Guerrero
- Center for Demographic, Urban and Environmental Studies, El Colegio de México A.C, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, Center for Population Research, University of California At Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Global and Regional Patterns in Noncommunicable Diseases and Dietary Factors across National Income Levels. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103595. [PMID: 34684595 PMCID: PMC8537506 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading global cause of death and share common risk factors. Little quantitative data are available on the patterns of each NCDs death and dietary factors by national income level and region. We aimed to identify the trend of NCDs deaths and dietary factors with other health-related behaviors across national income levels and geographical regions. Methods: Three databases were collected, including the World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, and World Bank in 2014. These were analyzed to describe the trend for NCDs deaths and dietary factors with health-related behaviors across national income levels (high income, upper-middle income, lower-middle income, and low income) from 151 countries using variance-weighted least-squares linear regression. Results: Lower-middle-income and low-income countries in Africa and Asia had higher death rates of NCDs. More than 30% of the population had raised blood pressure with higher carbohydrate intake and lower protein and fat intake compared to high-income European countries in 2014. High-income countries had the highest prevalence of raised total cholesterol, overweight, and obesity, the highest total energy, fat, and protein intake, and the highest supplies of animal fat, stimulants, sugar and sweetener, vegetable oil, and milk, as well as insufficient activity with an increasing trend (p for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: There were differences in NCDs risk factors and dietary factors by national income and region. Accordingly, measures should be taken to suit the situation in each country. Our findings have significance for health workers and health policies preventing and controlling the rise of NCDs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Qudah Y, Kroh M. Comment on: Early postoperative follow-up reduces risk of late severe nutritional complications after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a population-based study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:e53-e54. [PMID: 34598895 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqeen Qudah
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew Kroh
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jeinie MHB, Guad RM, Hetherington MM, Gan SH, Aung YN, Seng WY, Lin CLS, George R, Sawatan W, Nor NM, Leik NKO, Mohd Daud MNB, Guad SF. Comparison of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices between Urban and Rural Secondary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sabah, East Malaysia. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092037. [PMID: 34574147 PMCID: PMC8465158 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) may guide healthy meal choices. Here, nutritional KAP was compared across school students in Sabah based on locality and gender. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 15-19 years was conducted using multistage sampling. Nutritional KAP was measured via questionnaire. Anthropometric measures of weight and height were taken in person to calculate body mass index (BMI). Among the 994 participants, 80% were urban and 60% were female (mean age 16.5 ± 0.6 yr). Most were of Kadazan-Dusun (23%) ethnicity. Measured height for age Z score (HAZ) and BMI for age Z score (BAZ) differed between urban and rural students (-1.2 ± 0.8 versus -1.5 ± 0.7 for HAZ; p < 0.001; 0.2 ± 1.4 versus -0.1 ± 1.3; p = 0.02, respectively). No difference in nutritional knowledge was found, although urban students prioritized having a healthy/balanced diet (59.55% versus 48.50%, p = 0.03) and ate daily breakfast (57.4% versus 10.2%, p < 0.001) compared to rural. Females scored higher on nutritional knowledge than males (18.9 ± 2.8 vs. 18.1 ± 3.4, respectively, p = 0.0001), yet males selected more healthy/balanced foods (63.3% versus 53.3%, p = 0.041). The gap remains between nutritional KAP and translating this to healthy eating among adolescents, related to locality and gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Halim Bin Jeinie
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.B.J.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.H.B.J.); (R.M.G.)
| | | | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Yin Nwe Aung
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Wu Yuan Seng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Constance Liew Sat Lin
- Medical Based Department, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Ramlah George
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Waidah Sawatan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Norazmir Md Nor
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nang Kham Oo Leik
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Nazri Bin Mohd Daud
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liddle DM, Lin X, Cox LC, Ward EM, Ansari R, Wright AJ, Robinson LE. Daily apple consumption reduces plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell-secreted inflammatory biomarkers in adults with overweight and obesity: a 6-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:752-763. [PMID: 33964852 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apples are rich in anti-inflammatory bioactives including polyphenols and fiber. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effects of regular apple consumption on fasting plasma biomarkers of inflammation (primary outcome), endotoxemia, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol; secondary outcomes), and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-secreted cytokines (secondary outcome) in individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS A randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial was conducted with n = 46 participants. After avoiding foods and beverages rich in polyphenols and fiber for 2 wk, participants consumed 3 whole Gala apples (∼200 g edible parts)/d as part of their habitual diet (n = 23) or avoided apples (control, n = 23) for 6 wk. All participants limited consumption of polyphenols and fiber during the 6-wk trial. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after 6 wk for analysis of plasma biomarkers and isolation of PBMCs, which were cultured for 24 h unstimulated or stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL). RESULTS Forty-four participants completed the trial (30 female, 14 male; mean ± SEM age: 45.4 ± 2.2 y; BMI: 33.4 ± 0.9 kg/m2). After ANCOVA and correcting for multiple comparisons, apples decreased fasting plasma C-reactive protein by 17.0% (range: 14.3%-19.6%, P = 0.005), IL-6 by 12.4% (range: 6.7%-17.5%, P < 0.001), and LPS-binding protein by 20.7% (range: 14.1%-26.4%, P < 0.001) compared with control. Apples also decreased PBMC-secreted IL-6 by 28.3% (range: 22.4%-33.5%, P < 0.001) and IL-17 by 11.0% (range 5.8-15.6%, P = 0.003) in the unstimulated condition compared with control. Exploratory analysis showed apples also increased plasma total antioxidant capacity by 9.6% (range: 1.7-18.9%, P = 0.002) compared with control. However, apples had no effect on anthropometric or other CVD risk markers. CONCLUSIONS Six-week daily whole Gala apple consumption may be an effective dietary strategy to mitigate the obesity-associated inflammation that exacerbates CVD risk, without weight loss. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03523403.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinjie Lin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liam C Cox
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily M Ward
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rufaida Ansari
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salvo D, Garcia L, Reis RS, Stankov I, Goel R, Schipperijn J, Hallal PC, Ding D, Pratt M. Physical Activity Promotion and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Building Synergies to Maximize Impact. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1163-1180. [PMID: 34257157 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the known solutions to the physical inactivity pandemic operate across sectors relevant to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). METHODS The authors examined the contribution of physical activity promotion strategies toward achieving the SDGs through a conceptual linkage exercise, a scoping review, and an agent-based model. RESULTS Possible benefits of physical activity promotion were identified for 15 of the 17 SDGs, with more robust evidence supporting benefits for SDGs 3 (good health and well-being), 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), 11 (sustainable cities and communities), 13 (climate action), and 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions). Current evidence supports prioritizing at-scale physical activity-promoting transport and urban design strategies and community-based programs. Expected physical activity gains are greater for low-and middle-income countries. In high-income countries with high car dependency, physical activity promotion strategies may help reduce air pollution and traffic-related deaths, but shifts toward more active forms of travel and recreation, and climate change mitigation, may require complementary policies that disincentivize driving. CONCLUSIONS The authors call for a synergistic approach to physical activity promotion and SDG achievement, involving multiple sectors beyond health around their goals and values, using physical activity promotion as a lever for a healthier planet.
Collapse
|
30
|
Rocha-Gomes A, Teixeira AE, Lima DSS, Rocha LDS, da Silva AA, Lessa MR, Pinto NAD, Stuckert-Seixas SR, Riul TR. Caloric restriction or cafeteria diet from birth to adulthood increases the sensitivity to ephedrine in anxiety and locomotion in Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 236:113430. [PMID: 33865851 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and undernutrition, consequences of malnutrition, have been linked to the development of mental illnesses. Both states have been linked to increased sensitivity to some drugs, but there are few data for this association considering drugs with noradrenergic-dopaminergic action. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the nutritional status of animals treated with either a caloric restriction (CR) or cafeteria (CAF) diet from birth and their behavior after ephedrine application. METHODS During the lactation period, 12 litters of Wistar rats (dam + 8 pups) were fed one of three diets: control (n = 4), CR (n = 4), and CAF (n = 4). After weaning, the males were placed in individual boxes and received the same diet as their respective dams. Nutritional assessments were performed after weaning and in adulthood. In adulthood, males received either saline or ephedrine (20 mg/kg) and underwent behavioral tests including the elevated plus-maze, open-field, and food intake tests. RESULTS The CR group exhibited higher serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and lower food and caloric intake, weight gain, and fat mass than the control group. The CAF group exhibited lower food intake and higher fat caloric intake, fat mass, and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, total cholesterol, and hepatic lipid levels than the control group. These results indicated that the CR and CAF groups had developed undernutrition and obesity, respectively. In the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests, the CR and CAF groups showed lower anxiety-like behaviors than the control group after ephedrine application. This result indicates that the animal's nutritional status (undernutrition or obesity) can enhance ephedrine sensitivity. CONCLUSION The CR group exhibited undernutrition, whereas the CAF group exhibited obesity. Ephedrine altered anxiety and locomotion in animals that received the CR and CAF diets in manner different than that observed in animals receiving the standard diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Amanda Escobar Teixeira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Deiviany Santana Santos Lima
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Luziane Dos Santos Rocha
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Mayara Rodrigues Lessa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Nísia Av Dessimoni Pinto
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Sérgio R Stuckert-Seixas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 (Km 583), Campus JK, n 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shenk MK, Morse A, Mattison SM, Sear R, Alam N, Raqib R, Kumar A, Haque F, Blumenfield T, Shaver J, Sosis R, Wander K. Social support, nutrition and health among women in rural Bangladesh: complex tradeoffs in allocare, kin proximity and support network size. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200027. [PMID: 33938271 PMCID: PMC8090824 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition among women of reproductive age is a significant public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Of particular concern are undernutrition from underweight and iron deficiency, along with overweight and obesity, all of which have negative health consequences for mothers and children. Accumulating evidence suggests that risk for poor nutritional outcomes may be mitigated by social support, yet how social support is measured varies tremendously and its effects likely vary by age, kinship and reproductive status. We examine the effects of different measures of social support on weight and iron nutrition among 677 randomly sampled women from rural Bangladesh. While we find that total support network size mitigates risk for underweight, other results point to a potential tradeoff in the effects of kin proximity, with nearby adult children associated with both lower risk for underweight and obesity and higher risk for iron deficiency and anaemia. Social support from kin may then enhance energy balance but not diet quality. Results also suggest that a woman's network of caregivers might reflect their greater need for help, as those who received more help with childcare and housework had worse iron nutrition. Overall, although some findings support the hypothesis that social support can be protective, others emphasize that social relationships often have neutral or negative effects, illustrating the kinds of tradeoffs expected from an evolutionary perspective. The complexities of these effects deserve attention in future work, particularly within public health, where what is defined as 'social support' is often assumed to be positive. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Shenk
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anne Morse
- Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Siobhán M. Mattison
- Department of Anthropology, University of NewMexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1466, USA
- US National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca Sear
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Nurul Alam
- The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar
- The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Haque
- The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tami Blumenfield
- Department of Anthropology, University of NewMexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1466, USA
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - John Shaver
- Division of Humanities, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Richard Sosis
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alkhalidy H, Orabi A, Alzboun T, Alnaser K, Al-Shami I, Al-Bayyari N. Health-Risk Behaviors and Dietary Patterns Among Jordanian College Students: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:632035. [PMID: 34055850 PMCID: PMC8160432 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.632035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Health promotion and the incorporation of health-protective behaviors in people's lifestyles have a great role in enhancing individuals' overall health and well-being. College students are at increased risk of developing unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted to assess the health-risk behaviors among undergraduate college students at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Methods: The final sample included 136 students, with a mean age of 21.1 ± 2.37 years, mostly females (69%). A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection about dietary and lifestyle behaviors among college students. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, body weight classifications, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary patterns and intake, and eating behaviors. Results: Most of the students did not meet the daily recommendations for fruit (76%) and vegetable (82%) intake. Males were significantly consuming fast food more frequently (p = 0.019), and smoked cigarettes (p < 0.001) or hookah (p = 0.015) more frequently than did females. Further, the majority met the recommendations for physical activity (81%), but exceeded recommendations for sedentary behavior. Females were more likely to have normal weight or be underweight (OR = 4.865), to have a fear of weight gain (OR = 3.387), and to have the recommended sleeping hours (OR = 7.685) than were males. Conclusion: The results indicate the health-risk behaviors and the gender-related differences among college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aliaa Orabi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamara Alzboun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khadeejah Alnaser
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nahla Al-Bayyari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Al Mansoori A, Shakoor H, Ali HI, Feehan J, Al Dhaheri AS, Cheikh Ismail L, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L. The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Vitamin B Status and Mental Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:1383. [PMID: 33923999 PMCID: PMC8073305 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor that ensures optimal growth, biochemical performance, improved mood and mental functioning. Lack of nutrients, notably vitamin B, has an impact on human health and wellbeing. The United Arab Emirates is facing a serious problem of micronutrient deficiencies because of the growing trend for bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. People undergoing bariatric surgery are at high risk of developing neurological, cognitive, and mental disabilities and cardiovascular disease due to deficiency in vitamin B. Vitamin B is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, including γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Deficiency of vitamin B increases the risk of depression, anxiety, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, vitamin B deficiency can disrupt the methylation of homocysteine, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. Elevated homocysteine levels are detrimental to human health. Vitamin B deficiency also suppresses immune function, increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulates NF-κB. Considering the important functions of vitamin B and the severe consequences associated with its deficiency following bariatric surgery, proper dietary intervention and administration of adequate supplements should be considered to prevent negative clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Al Mansoori
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.M.); (H.S.); (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Hira Shakoor
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.M.); (H.S.); (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Habiba I. Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.M.); (H.S.); (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (J.F.); (V.A.)
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.M.); (H.S.); (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Marijan Bosevski
- Faculty of Medicine Skopje, University Clinic of Cardiology, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 1010 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (J.F.); (V.A.)
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.M.); (H.S.); (H.I.A.); (A.S.A.D.)
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (J.F.); (V.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guevara-Romero E, Flórez-García V, Egede LE, Yan A. Factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition at the household level: A scoping review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6961-6972. [PMID: 33840313 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) at the household level has been defined as the coexistence of underweight children and overweight mothers within the same household. The objective of the scoping review was to identify and understand factors associated with DBM. We conducted the scoping review of published, peer-reviewed journal articles in two major databases used in public health research (PubMed and Web of Science). A total of 70 articles met the eligibility criteria. The following factors were identified: mother's age, height, educational level, occupation, food intake, breastfeeding, family income, family size, and urbanization type. Overall, results were heterogeneous. Two scenarios have been identified. The first scenario is those obese women with a job, having a sufficient income, a high educational level, the ability to purchase food, and live either in rural or urban areas. The second scenario is obese women without a job, having an insufficient income, a low educational level, without the ability to purchase food, and live either in rural or urban areas. The DBM at the household level is a complex public health problem. There is a need for target-specific interventions to address child undernutrition and maternal overweight/obesity simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Guevara-Romero
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Víctor Flórez-García
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Public Health, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Leonard E Egede
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alice Yan
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng W, Mu Y, Hu Y, Li B, Raman J, Sui Z. Double Burden of Malnutrition in the Asia-Pacific Region-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 10:16-27. [PMID: 32175706 PMCID: PMC7310807 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.191117.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM)—the coexistence of undernutrition along with overnutrition—is a significant public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region. The scope of the DBM in this region is largely unknown. This review aims to determine the prevalence of under- and overnutrition as major DBM components and to investigate whether there has been a shift from under- to overnutrition in the Asia-Pacific region. Methods: Online databases including PubMed and Web of Science were searched for original studies on DBM prevalence in the Asia-Pacific region; particularly, those published from January 2008 to December 2018 were screened for eligibility. We collected data on indicators of under- and overnutrition on the population level and adapted the ratio of prevalence of overweight/obesity versus prevalence of underweight as the main outcome indicator. Pooled prevalence estimates of DBM and the ratio of overnutrition versus undernutrition were generated using R (3.4.0). Results: In total, 33 studies were included in this review. Pooled analysis demonstrated that DBM was generally presented among countries/areas in the Asia-Pacific region except in high-income countries (HICs). Overall, the prevalence of undernutrition was 8.8% (95% CI 7.3–10.6%) while overnutrition among the same population reached 23.0% (95% CI 20.3–26.0%). Countries in the Oceania region or HICs reported low level of undernutrition (less than 3%). All subgroup analysis (geolocation, income level, sex, age) reported pooled prevalence of overweight/obesity as more than 18%. Overall, the whole region and all subgroups were more likely to experience a higher prevalence of overnutrition than undernutrition, except that low- and lower-middle-income countries (L-MICs) had similar prevalence for over- and undernutrition. Conclusion: DBM in the Asia-Pacific region is alarmingly high and is titled toward overnutrition. As a result, future interventions/policy targeting to maintain a healthy weight for the population should not just focus on prevention and treatment toward one direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Peng
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yuhan Mu
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Jayanthi Raman
- Clinical Psychology, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Zhixian Sui
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.,The BMI Clinic, Double Bay, NSW 2028, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu W, Gui W, Lin X, Yin X, Liang L, Li H. Maternal undernutrition modulates hepatic MicroRNAs expression in the early life of offspring. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112450. [PMID: 33347859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies revealed that a poor intrauterine environment elicited by maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood. Previous research has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert pivotal roles in modulating molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis and progression. In this respect, we herein examined miRNA profiles in samples of liver from offspring whose mothers were fed either with a 50% food-restricted diet or standard laboratory chow during pregnancy. Our findings enumerated that miR-181a, involved in lipid metabolism, was found to be downregulated in the liver of MNR offspring at 1 day of age when compared to that of control offspring. We also noted that overexpression of miR-181a reduced the lipid droplets after treatment with oleic acid for 48 h, which suppressed the expressions levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, KLF6 and PPARγ in BRL-3A cells, while the opposite results were observed with decreased expression of miR-181a. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct interactions between miR-181a with KLF6 and SIRT1. In adults, the MNR offspring elucidated increased TG content, decreased expression of miR-181a, and increased expressions levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, KLF6, and PPARγ in liver tissues. Collectively, these findings provided novel evidence that MNR could regulate miRNAs expression, which might be related to lipid metabolism in MNR offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Food fortification technologies: Influence on iron, zinc and vitamin A bioavailability and potential implications on micronutrient deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
38
|
Abdollahi S, Kazemi A, de Souza RJ, Clark CCT, Soltani S. The effect of meal frequency on biochemical cardiometabolic factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3170-3181. [PMID: 33485709 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have supported the beneficial effects of higher meal frequency (MF) on cardiometabolic risk factors, the putative effects of higher MF on health remain inconclusive. This study systematically reviewed the evidence from RCTs of the effect of higher compared with lower MF on the blood lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and adipokines. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane database were searched up to October 2020 to retrieve relevant RCTs. A DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to pool mean differences and 95% CI for each outcome. The quality of studies and evidence was assessed through standard methods. RESULTS Twenty-one RCTs (686 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. Overall results showed a significant improvement in total cholesterol [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -6.08 mg/dl; 95% CI: -10.68, -1.48; P = 0.01; I2 = 88%], and low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD = -6.82 mg/dl; 95% CI: -10.97, -1.60; P = 0.009; I2 = 85.7%), while LDL-C to high-density cholesterol ratio (LDL-C: HDL-C) increased (WMD = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.36; P = 0.003; I2 = 0.0%) in higher MF vs. lower MF. No significant effects were found on measures of glycemic control, apolipoproteins-A1 and B, or leptin. In subgroup analyses, higher MF significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG), and increased HDL-C, compared with lower MF in interventions > 12 weeks, and decreased serum TC and LDL-C in healthy participants. A significant reduction in LDL-C also was observed in studies where the same foods given both arms, simply divided into different feeding occasions, and in feeding studies, following higher MF compared to lower MF. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis found that higher, compared with lower MF may improve total cholesterol, and LDL-C. The intervention does not affect measures of glycemic control, apolipoproteins-A1 and B, or leptin. However, the GRADE ratings of low credibility of the currently available evidence highlights the need for more high-quality studies in order to reach a firm conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Population Health Research Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Anstruther SM, Barbour-Tuck E, Vatanparast H. Socioeconomic settings and food consumption patterns of 2–5-year-old children in developed countries: a scoping review. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Early childhood overweight and obesity, as a result of unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary life, is a growing global public health concern, particularly in Canada. There are limited data on how socioeconomic factors influence dietary habits of young children living in developed countries. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to examine the existing literature on how socioeconomic settings influence food consumption patterns of children 2–5 years old in developed countries. The inclusion criteria were relevant articles in the English language between 2007 and 2019. Results: From the initial 1854 articles, only 12 articles from Europe, Canada, and the United States met the inclusion criteria. There are differences in eating patterns of preschool-aged children based on parental education, whereas income level did not have a clear influence on dietary patterns. The existing studies suffer from a variety of limitations that limit a cohesive conclusion. Conclusion: Studies with children 2–5 years old are scarce. Parental education seems to influence the dietary habits of young children, whereas the role of income is not clear. There is a need for further high-quality research, preferably longitudinal studies, to inform health promotion initiatives and preventive strategies to facilitate healthy growth and development in young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se’era May Anstruther
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
| | - Erin Barbour-Tuck
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W3, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shifts towards overweight and double burden of malnutrition among socio-economically vulnerable children: a longitudinal ecological analysis of Brazilian municipalities. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:4908-4917. [PMID: 33222714 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the shifts and factors associated with different scenarios resulting from the prevalence of child stunting and overweight in Brazilian municipalities. DESIGN This is an ecological study using municipality-level panel data of stunting and overweight prevalence and socio-economic characteristics from 2008 to 2014. The municipalities were classified according to the WHO-UNICEF prevalence thresholds for stunting and overweight and were categorised into four nutritional scenarios: no burden (prevalence of stunting < 20 % and overweight < 10 %), stunting burden (prevalence of stunting ≥ 20 % and overweight < 10 %), overweight burden (prevalence of stunting < 20 % and overweight ≥ 10 %) and double burden (prevalence of stunting ≥ 20 % and overweight ≥ 10 %). SETTING Totally, 4443 Brazilian municipalities. PARTICIPANTS Aggregated data of children under 5 years old enrolled in the Brazil's conditional cash transfer programme (Bolsa Família). RESULTS A mean reduction from 14·2 % to 12·7 % in the prevalence of stunting and an increase from 17·2 % to 18·4 % in the prevalence of overweight were observed. The predominant scenarios were overweight burden and double burden. The odds of both scenarios increased with higher gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and decreased with higher unemployment rates. Stunting and double burden decreased with higher expected years of schooling, and stunting burden increased with household crowding. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate an advanced nutrition transition stage in Brazil, associated mainly with municipal GDP per capita growth, which has contributed to increasing the burden of overweight alone or coexisting with stunting (double burden) among children in the most socio-economically vulnerable strata of the population.
Collapse
|
41
|
Davis JN, Oaks BM, Engle-Stone R. The Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Systematic Review of Operational Definitions. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa127. [PMID: 32885132 PMCID: PMC7456307 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing research on the double burden of malnutrition (DBM; i.e., coexisting over- and undernutrition), there is no global consensus on DBM definitions. OBJECTIVES To identify published operational DBM definitions, measure their frequency of use, and discuss implications for future assessment. METHODS Following a structured search of peer-reviewed articles with terms describing "overnutrition" [e.g., overweight/obesity (OW/OB)] and "undernutrition" (e.g., stunting, micronutrient deficiency), we screened 1920 abstracts, reviewed 500 full texts, and extracted 623 operational definitions from 239 eligible articles. RESULTS We organized three identified DBM dimensions (level of assessment, target population, and forms of malnutrition) into a framework for building operational DBM definitions. Frequently occurring definitions included coexisting: 1) OW/OB and thinness, wasting, or underweight (n = 289 occurrences); 2) OW/OB and stunting (n = 161); 3) OW/OB and anemia (n = 74); and 4) OW/OB and micronutrient deficiency (n = 73). CONCLUSIONS Existing DBM definitions vary widely. Putting structure to possible definitions may facilitate selection of fit-for-purpose indicators to meet public health priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie N Davis
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brietta M Oaks
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Reina Engle-Stone
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Williams AM, Guo J, Addo OY, Ismaily S, Namaste SML, Oaks BM, Rohner F, Suchdev PS, Young MF, Flores-Ayala R, Engle-Stone R. Intraindividual double burden of overweight or obesity and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia among women of reproductive age in 17 population-based surveys. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:468S-477S. [PMID: 32743649 PMCID: PMC7396267 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising prevalence of overweight/obesity (OWOB) alongside persistent micronutrient deficiencies suggests many women face concomitant OWOB and undernutrition. OBJECTIVES We aimed to 1) describe the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among nonpregnant women of reproductive age, defined as intraindividual OWOB and either ≥1 micronutrient deficiency [micronutrient deficiency index (MDI) > 0; DBM-MDI] or anemia (DBM-anemia); 2) test whether the components of the DBM were independent; and 3) identify factors associated with DBM-MDI and DBM-anemia. METHODS With data from 17 national surveys spanning low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project (n = 419 to n = 9029), we tested independence of over- and undernutrition using the Rao-Scott chi-square test and examined predictors of the DBM and its components using logistic regression for each survey. RESULTS Median DBM-MDI was 21.9% (range: 1.6%-39.2%); median DBM-anemia was 8.6% (range: 1.0%-18.6%). OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia were independent in most surveys. Where associations existed, OWOB was negatively associated with micronutrient deficiencies and anemia in LMICs. In 1 high-income country, OWOB women were more likely to experience micronutrient deficiencies and anemia. Age was consistently positively associated with OWOB and the DBM, whereas the associations with other sociodemographic characteristics varied. Higher socioeconomic status tended to be positively associated with OWOB and the DBM in LMICs, whereas in higher-income countries the association was reversed. CONCLUSIONS The independence of OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia within individuals suggests that these forms of over- and undernutrition may have unique etiologies. Decision-makers should still consider the prevalence, consequences, and etiology of the individual components of the DBM as programs move towards double-duty interventions aimed at addressing OWOB and undernutrition simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Junjie Guo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O Yaw Addo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanober Ismaily
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Brietta M Oaks
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Parminder S Suchdev
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory Global Health Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA,Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa F Young
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafael Flores-Ayala
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Soares ALG, Banda L, Amberbir A, Jaffar S, Musicha C, Price AJ, Crampin AC, Nyirenda MJ, Lawlor DA. A comparison of the associations between adiposity and lipids in Malawi and the United Kingdom. BMC Med 2020; 18:181. [PMID: 32669098 PMCID: PMC7364601 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of excess adiposity, as measured by elevated body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), is increasing in sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. This could add a considerable burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases for which these populations are currently ill-prepared. Evidence from white, European origin populations shows that higher adiposity leads to an adverse lipid profile; whether these associations are similar in all SSA populations requires further exploration. This study compared the association of BMI and WHR with lipid profile in urban Malawi with a contemporary cohort with contrasting socioeconomic, demographic, and ethnic characteristics in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS We used data from 1248 adolescents (mean 18.7 years) and 2277 Malawian adults (mean 49.8 years), all urban-dwelling, and from 3201 adolescents (mean 17.8 years) and 6323 adults (mean 49.7 years) resident in the UK. Adiposity measures and fasting lipids were assessed in both settings, and the associations of BMI and WHR with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were assessed by sex and age groups in both studies. RESULTS Malawian female adults were more adipose and had more adverse lipid profiles than their UK counterparts. In contrast, Malawian adolescent and adult males were leaner and had more favourable lipid profiles than in the UK. Higher BMI and WHR were associated with increased TC, LDL-C and TG and reduced HDL-C in both settings. The magnitude of the associations of BMI and WHR with lipids was mostly similar or slightly weaker in the Malawian compared with the UK cohort in both adolescents and adults. One exception was the stronger association between increasing adiposity and elevated TC and LDL-C in Malawian compared to UK men. CONCLUSIONS Malawian adult women have greater adiposity and more adverse lipid profiles compared with their UK counterparts. Similar associations of adiposity with adverse lipid profiles were observed for Malawian and UK adults in most age and sex groups studied. Sustained efforts are urgently needed to address the excess adiposity and adverse lipid profiles in Malawi to mitigate a future epidemic of cardio-metabolic disease among the poorest populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza G Soares
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Louis Banda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe and Malawi, Malawi
| | - Alemayehu Amberbir
- Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shabbar Jaffar
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Crispin Musicha
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe and Malawi, Malawi
| | - Alison J Price
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe and Malawi, Malawi
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amelia C Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe and Malawi, Malawi
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Moffat J Nyirenda
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe and Malawi, Malawi
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mbogori T, Kimmel K, Zhang M, Kandiah J, Wang Y. Nutrition transition and double burden of malnutrition in Africa: A case study of four selected countries with different social economic development. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:425-439. [PMID: 32968668 PMCID: PMC7505783 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disease and lifestyle patterns have been changing rapidly especially in Africa due to transformation in economic development and urbanization. Research on the magnitude and consequences of these transformations in Africa is limited. This study investigates the shifts in nutritional status in children and adults in four selected low-, middle- and high-income countries in Africa, identifies factors associated with the shifts, and provides recommendations for future studies. Methods Malawi, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa were selected based on their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Nationally representative data were obtained from the 2017 Global Nutrition Report, Demographic Health Surveys (DHSs), and the World Health Organization (WHO) database. Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity were assessed and compared across the countries, gender, residence, and over time. Results: South Africa had the highest GDP and largest prevalence of overweight and obesity rates in children < 5 years old and adults > 18 (13.3% and 51.9%, respectively). Malawi, with the lowest GDP, had the highest stunting rate (37.0%). In all 4 countries, but most notably in South Africa, trends indicated that the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity was much greater than the declining rate of underweight. Malawi, Kenya, and Ghana had a slight decline in overweight prevalence in children under 5 years. Conclusions Nutritional shifts are occurring in Africa and seem to be heavily influenced by economic development. The double-burden of malnutrition presents prioritization challenges for policymakers. Attention needs to be shifted towards prevention of obesity, at least in the higher income countries in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Mbogori
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Ball State University, 2000 W University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Kilee Kimmel
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Ball State University, 2000 W University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Mengxi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Ball State University, 2000 W University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Jay Kandiah
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Ball State University, 2000 W University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Ball State University, 2000 W University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA.,Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, Ball State University, 2000 W University Avenue, Muncie Indiana 47306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gao L, Bhurtyal A, Wei J, Akhtar P, Wang L, Wang Y. Double Burden of Malnutrition and Nutrition Transition in Asia: A Case Study of 4 Selected Countries with Different Socioeconomic Development. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1663-1670. [PMID: 32529215 PMCID: PMC7666889 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease burden and lifestyle patterns have changed rapidly worldwide, especially in some Asian countries over the past 2 decades. However, cross-country comparative research is limited. This study investigated the nutritional status of preschool children and childbearing women in China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan selected based on their socioeconomic status, population size, and urbanization. Nationally representative data were used from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance Report, India National Family Health Survey, Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, the WHO repository, and the World Bank. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity and some ratios were compared. These rates varied across these 4 countries and were associated with their economic development levels. China's economic status and prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity (11.5%) were highest; India's economic status was higher than that of Nepal and Pakistan, but had higher rates of stunting, wasting, and underweight (38.4%, 21.0%, and 35.7%, respectively) in preschool children. Pakistan had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity among childbearing women (52.4% in all, 63.0% in urban areas). Nepal had the lowest economic status and overweight/obesity rate in preschool children (1.2%). In general, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in urban than in rural areas, except among childbearing women in China. Nutritional status and health burden are heavily influenced by economic development. The double burden of malnutrition poses prioritization challenges for policymakers and public health efforts. Prevention of obesity is urgently needed, at least in higher-income countries in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Gao
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ashok Bhurtyal
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Nepal Public Health Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal,Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Junxiang Wei
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Holst J. Global Health - emergence, hegemonic trends and biomedical reductionism. Global Health 2020; 16:42. [PMID: 32375801 PMCID: PMC7201392 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Global Health has increasingly gained international visibility and prominence. First and foremost, the spread of cross-border infectious disease arouses a great deal of media and public interest, just as it drives research priorities of faculty and academic programmes. At the same time, Global Health has become a major area of philanthropic action. Despite the importance it has acquired over the last two decades, the complex collective term “Global Health” still lacks a uniform use today. Objectives The objective of this paper is to present the existing definitions of Global Health, and analyse their meaning and implications. The paper emphasises that the term “Global Health” goes beyond the territorial meaning of “global”, connects local and global, and refers to an explicitly political concept. Global Health regards health as a rights-based, universal good; it takes into account social inequalities, power asymmetries, the uneven distribution of resources and governance challenges. Thus, it represents the necessary continuance of Public Health in the face of diverse and ubiquitous global challenges. A growing number of international players, however, focus on public-private partnerships and privatisation and tend to promote biomedical reductionism through predominantly technological solutions. Moreover, the predominant Global Health concept reflects the inherited hegemony of the Global North. It takes insufficient account of the global burden of disease, which is mainly characterised by non-communicable conditions, and the underlying social determinants of health. Conclusions Beyond resilience and epidemiological preparedness for preventing cross-border disease threats, Global Health must focus on the social, economic and political determinants of health. Biomedical and technocratic reductionism might be justified in times of acute health crises but entails the risk of selective access to health care. Consistent health-in-all policies are required for ensuring Health for All and sustainably reducing health inequalities within and among countries. Global Health must first and foremost pursue the enforcement of the universal right to health and contribute to overcoming global hegemony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Holst
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Strasse 123, D-36037, Fulda, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ramli NS, Jia H, Sekine A, Lyu W, Furukawa K, Saito K, Hasebe Y, Kato H. Eggshell membrane powder lowers plasma triglyceride and liver total cholesterol by modulating gut microbiota and accelerating lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2512-2523. [PMID: 32405407 PMCID: PMC7215208 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global lifestyle disorder associated with gut microbiota. The health benefits of eggshell membrane (ESM) have been shown in previous reports, particularly as regards gut microbiota composition. Here, we investigated whether ESM improves lipid metabolism and alters gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. A total of 20 C57BL/6J mice aged 6 weeks were given either a control diet (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), or high-fat diet + 8% ESM powder (HESM) for 20 weeks. ESM supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced plasma triglycerides (TG) and liver total cholesterol (TC) and upregulated the expression of lipid metabolism genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2. Microbiota analysis showed increased relative abundance of the anti-obesity bacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri, at 4, 12, and 16 weeks and reduced the abundance of inflammation-related Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Roseburia faecis, and Ruminococcus callidus at 12 and 20 weeks. ESM-supplemented mice had increased cecal isobutyrate, negatively correlated with B. hydrogenotrophica and Parabacteroides goldsteinii abundance. The results indicate that ESM supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced plasma TG and liver TC, possibly through alteration of lipid metabolism gene expression and gut microbiota composition, suggesting that ESM may be effective in obesity management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ayumu Sekine
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Weida Lyu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kyohei Furukawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | - Hisanori Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Piccoli GB, Cupisti A, Aucella F, Regolisti G, Lomonte C, Ferraresi M, Claudia D, Ferraresi C, Russo R, La Milia V, Covella B, Rossi L, Chatrenet A, Cabiddu G, Brunori G. Green nephrology and eco-dialysis: a position statement by the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol 2020; 33:681-698. [PMID: 32297293 PMCID: PMC7381479 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-technology medicine saves lives and produces waste; this is the case of dialysis. The increasing amounts of waste products can be biologically dangerous in different ways: some represent a direct infectious or toxic danger for other living creatures (potentially contaminated or hazardous waste), while others are harmful for the planet (plastic and non-recycled waste). With the aim of increasing awareness, proposing joint actions and coordinating industrial and social interactions, the Italian Society of Nephrology is presenting this position statement on ways in which the environmental impact of caring for patients with kidney diseases can be reduced. Due to the particular relevance in waste management of dialysis, which produces up to 2 kg of potentially contaminated waste per session and about the same weight of potentially recyclable materials, together with technological waste (dialysis machines), and involves high water and electricity consumption, the position statement mainly focuses on dialysis management, identifying ten first affordable actions: (1) reducing the burden of dialysis (whenever possible adopting an intent to delay strategy, with wide use of incremental schedules); (2) limiting drugs and favouring "natural" medicine focussing on lifestyle and diet; (3) encouraging the reuse of "household" hospital material; (4) recycling paper and glass; (5) recycling non-contaminated plastic; (6) reducing water consumption; (7) reducing energy consumption; (8) introducing environmental-impact criteria in checklists for evaluating dialysis machines and supplies; (9) encouraging well-planned triage of contaminated and non-contaminated materials; (10) demanding planet-friendly approaches in the building of new facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
- Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Le Mans, France. .,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Adamasco Cupisti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Aucella
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza" Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Regolisti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Lomonte
- Division of Nephrology, Miulli General Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Martina Ferraresi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - D'Alessandro Claudia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferraresi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace, DIMEAS, Politecnico of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Nephology Unit. Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Bianca Covella
- Division of Nephrology, Miulli General Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Luigi Rossi
- Division of Nephrology, Miulli General Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ng CM, Kaur S, Koo HC, Mukhtar F. Nutrition-related outcomes of childrenʼs involvement in healthy meal preparation. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18:534-542. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
Large population-based surveys by the Government of India and several other regional studies have reconfirmed the coexisting burden of over- and undernutrition. While time trends from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th rounds of the National Family Health Survey show declining trends in the prevalence of the underweight, it also highlights increasing rates in the overweight/obesity. Dose-response relationships with different micro- and macronutrient consumption with overweight/obesity prevalence have been established. In this context, it was attempted to identify the specific diet pattern and socio-behavioural determinants of overnutrition along with its combat strategies. This review highlights that while the proportion of chronic energy deficiency is decreasing in India, the intake of micronutrients and food groups continues to be below the recommended dietary allowance set by the Indian Council of Medical Research. Distal factors that determine the nutritional imbalance among Indians are presented under (i) household contextual factors, (ii) peer and socio-cultural influencers, and (iii) business and neighbourhood environment. Accumulation of such factors increases the density of obesogenic environment around individuals. Further, the review offers action points at individual, society and policy levels, presented in a 'logframe matrix' for bringing convergence actions across sectors in consultation with programme managers from different ministries/departments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Mathur
- National Centre for Disease Informatics & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Pillai
- INCLEN Institute of Global Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|