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Yan Y, Halemubieke S, Shan B, Zhao L, Duan Y, Wang Y, Wu M, Bu X, Wang Q, Chang L, Ji H, Sun H, Liu Y, Sun P, Liu Y, Wang L, Li C, Zhang L, Deng X, Wang L. Longitudinal assessment of immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 booster immunization and breakthrough infection in blood donors: A multicenter study from 2021 to 2023. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2025; 21:2498828. [PMID: 40323225 PMCID: PMC12054371 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2498828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Revised: 04/15/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Assessing immune responses across diverse populations is essential for refining public health strategies. Blood donors offer valuable insights into community-level immunity. This study aims to investigate immune responses associated with inactivated COVID-19 booster immunization and breakthrough infections in blood donors. This study was conducted in a cohort of blood donors from six centers across five of China's seven major geographical regions, spanning from December 2021 to February 2023. Blood samples were collected before booster vaccination, at 1, 3, and 6 months post-vaccination, as well as 1 month post-infection. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, T cell specific IFNγ levels, and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and Omicron strains were measured. Platelet count, anti-PF4 antibody, and D-dimer levels were assessed. Demographic characteristics were analyzed to determine their impact on immunogenicity. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and IFNγ levels significantly increased post-booster, peaking one month after immunization. Antibodies continued to decrease at six months, while IFNγ levels remained stable at this point. Pseudovirus neutralization assays revealed elevated neutralizing antibodies following the booster dose, with minimal response to the XBB.1.5 variant. Following Omicron infection, antibody and IFNγ levels surpassed that observed post-booster. Participants aged 36-49 and those over 50 exhibited weaker immune responses post-booster than those ages 18-35, while those with BMI above 28 showed lower IFNγ levels. This study demonstrates the utility of blood donor samples for tracking immunization effectiveness against emerging pathogens, and highlights enhanced immune responses after booster immunization and breakthrough infections, underscoring the need for tailored vaccination strategies for different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shana Halemubieke
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Baifeng Shan
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Taiyuan Blood Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Henan Blood Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Youbin Duan
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Yunnan Blood Center, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Henan Blood Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Mingrui Wu
- Department of Blood Quality Management, Sanmenxia Blood Center, Sanmenxia, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Bu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quaner Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Chuanbao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuelian Deng
- Department of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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2
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Epstein-Shuman A, Zhu X, Hunt JH, Fernandez RE, Rozek GM, Redd AD, Gotthold ZA, Quiros G, Galiwango RM, Kigozi G, Caturegli P, Ssekubugu R, Grabowski MK, Chang LW, Reynolds SJ, Laeyendecker O. Autoantibodies to interferon alpha, nuclear antigens, cardiolipin, and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 in a Ugandan cohort and their relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Infect Public Health 2025; 18:102722. [PMID: 40086141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies (AAbs) to interferon alpha, nuclear antigens, cardiolipin, and beta 2 glycoprotein 1, have been associated with COVID-19 severity. Despite relatively low COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in East and Central Africa, AAb prevalence in these populations remain understudied. METHODS We evaluated AAb seroprevalence in 155 Ugandans, aged 40-50, using paired samples collected before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these, 117 had serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 38 did not. To assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on AAb prevalence, we: 1) longitudinally compared AAb prevalence before and after evidence of infection, and 2) cross-sectionally compared AAb prevalence between those with and without infection evidence at both timepoints. Associations between AAbs and health characteristics were also explored. RESULTS There was no difference in AAb prevalence between individuals with and without evidence of infection, nor any longitudinal change after evidence of infection. However, we observed a higher-than-expected prevalence anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1. Additionally, anti-cardiolipin was significantly associated with reported hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute to the limited literature on AAb prevalence in East Africa and suggest that SARS-CoV-2 does not induce these AAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Epstein-Shuman
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xianming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanne H Hunt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reinaldo E Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gracie M Rozek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zoe A Gotthold
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Quiros
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mary K Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
| | - Larry W Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Huso T, White JL, Kyeyune D, D'Adamo A, Labo N, Miley W, Musisi E, Moses K, Kasirye R, Lubega I, Wambongo Musana H, Eroju P, Motevalli M, Goodrich R, Grabowski MK, Quinn TC, Ness PM, Hume HA, Ddungu H, Dhabangi A, Bloch EM, Fowler MG, Musoke P, Whitby D, Tobian AAR. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus seroprevalence among blood donors in Uganda. Transfusion 2025; 65:827-833. [PMID: 40172229 DOI: 10.1111/trf.18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) causes a life-long infection that can progress to several types of KSHV-associated diseases. There is evidence for transfusion transmission of KSHV. In endemic regions, such as sub-Saharan African, KSHV seroprevalence is >40%. However, previous studies of blood donors utilized immunoassays that detect KSHV-associated disease-specific antigens, which may underestimate the true burden of KSHV in a healthy population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We utilized samples from an on-going transfusion transmitted infection clinical trial to estimate the seroprevalence of KSHV among 4921 blood donations from healthy donors in Uganda collected between October 2019 and December 2022. A multiplexed bead-based assay was used to measure plasma IgG against five antigens encoded by the K8.1, K10.5, ORF73, ORF38, and ORF25 genes of KSHV. Significant associations between donor characteristics and seroprevalence were assessed by chi-square tests. RESULTS Overall, KSHV seroprevalence was 69.1%. Seroprevalence was higher in units collected from older donors compared with younger donors and male donors (71.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 70.4%-73.3%]) compared with female donors (61.3% [95% CI = 58.6%-64.0%]; p < .001). KSHV seroprevalnce was higher among units collected from donors positive for T. pallidum (82.5% [95% CI = 73.8%-89.3%]) compared with units collected from donors who were negative (68.8% [95% CI = 67.5%-70.1%]; p < .001). KSHV seroprevalence was higher in units that tested positive for HIV, HBV, or HCV, though these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Given the high seroprevalence and limited availability of lab assays that detect active KSHV infections, methods such as leukoreduction or pathogen reduction should be considered to potentially reduce the risk of transfusion transmission of KSHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tait Huso
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jodie L White
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Angela D'Adamo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ezra Musisi
- Uganda Blood Transfusion Services, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Khan Moses
- Uganda Blood Transfusion Services, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahnaz Motevalli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond Goodrich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - M Kate Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul M Ness
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather A Hume
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Aggrey Dhabangi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Glenn Fowler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Dolange V, Slamanig S, Abdeljawad A, Lai TY, Lemus N, Singh G, Carreño JM, Abbad A, Srivastava K, Simon V, Sachithanandham J, Pekosz A, Sullivan D, Krammer F, Sun W, Palese P, González-Domínguez I. A Surrogate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Select High-Titer Human Convalescent Plasma for Treating Immunocompromised Patients Infected With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern. J Infect Dis 2025; 231:e723-e733. [PMID: 39749487 PMCID: PMC11998579 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants challenges the treatment of immunocompromised patients against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). High-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) remains one of the few available therapeutics for these patients. We have revisited the selection of CCP samples and evaluated their efficacy against the Omicron XBB.1.5 variant, the dominant strain in 2023. METHODS A surrogate enzyme-linked immunoassay was reviewed to select CCP samples that ensure a protective level of neutralizing antibodies as the main correlate of protection. Antibody titers were analyzed in 500 serum samples from a population-based serosurvey at Mount Sinai Hospital in early 2023, and the results were validated with CCP samples (collected in 2020-2023) using an immunosuppressed mouse model. RESULTS Using logistic regression modeling, we have redefined high-titer CCP against the new variant in the postpandemic era, where over 97% of the population has natural or vaccine-induced antibodies against earlier SARS-CoV-2 strains. Treatment of immunocompromised mice with two doses (100 μL/dose) of CCP plasma via intraperitoneal injection reduced lung viral titers by 46-fold 3 days post-XBB.1.5 infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings will guide future efforts in selecting high-titer CCP for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dolange
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Slamanig
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Abdeljawad
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tsoi Ying Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas Lemus
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness
| | - Anass Abbad
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness
| | - Komal Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jaiprasath Sachithanandham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine
- Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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5
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Konu Y, Damond F, Adama I, Ferré V, Ouro‐médéli A, Takassi O, Dapam N, N'zonou M, Bawa‐Kawte R, Tchankoni M, Sadio A, Diallo F, Dagnra C, Charpentier C, Ekouevi D. SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S an Anti-N IgG Seropositivity in Children and Young People (1-24 Years) According to HIV Status in Lomé (Togo) in 2022. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2025; 19:e70112. [PMID: 40275516 PMCID: PMC12022004 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among children and young people in Lomé, Togo, according to HIV status. A multicenter comparative cross-sectional study was conducted, and 636 participants were included (41.8% living with HIV). Anti-S (88.7% vs. 89.1%) and anti-N (41.6% vs. 39.5%) IgG seropositivity were comparable in both groups. These data suggest no increased COVID-19 susceptibility in children and young people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rodion Konu
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Science de la SantéUniversité de LoméLoméTogo
- GHiGS Team, University of Bordeaux, Inserm (UMR 1219), IRD (EMR 279), Bordeaux Population Health CentreBordeauxFrance
| | - Florence Damond
- Service de Virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude BernardParisFrance
| | - I. Wone Oumarou Adama
- GHiGS Team, University of Bordeaux, Inserm (UMR 1219), IRD (EMR 279), Bordeaux Population Health CentreBordeauxFrance
| | - Valentine Marie Ferré
- Service de Virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude BernardParisFrance
| | - Alassane Ouro‐médéli
- Centre national de recherche sur le VIH, Programme National de Lutte contre le VIH et les hépatites viralesLoméTogo
| | | | - Nina Dapam
- Centre Médicosocial Lucia, ONG Espoir Vie TogoLoméTogo
| | | | | | - Martin Kouame Tchankoni
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Science de la SantéUniversité de LoméLoméTogo
| | - Arnold Junior Sadio
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Science de la SantéUniversité de LoméLoméTogo
- GHiGS Team, University of Bordeaux, Inserm (UMR 1219), IRD (EMR 279), Bordeaux Population Health CentreBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Claver Anoumou Dagnra
- Centre national de recherche sur le VIH, Programme National de Lutte contre le VIH et les hépatites viralesLoméTogo
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Service de Virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP‐HP, Hôpital Bichat‐Claude BernardParisFrance
| | - Didier Koumavi Ekouevi
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Publique, Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Science de la SantéUniversité de LoméLoméTogo
- GHiGS Team, University of Bordeaux, Inserm (UMR 1219), IRD (EMR 279), Bordeaux Population Health CentreBordeauxFrance
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6
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Bagala I, Namuganga JF, Nayebare P, Cuu G, Katairo T, Nabende I, Gonahasa S, Nassali M, Tukwasibwe S, Dorsey G, Nankabirwa JI, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Kiguli S, Greenhouse B, Ssewanyana I, Kamya MR, Briggs J. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and risk factors for infection among children in Uganda: A serial cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0312554. [PMID: 39715211 PMCID: PMC11665985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding COVID-19's impact on children is vital for public health policy, yet age-specific data is scarce, especially in Uganda. This study examines SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and risk factors among Ugandan children at two timepoints, along with COVID-19-related knowledge and practices in households, including adult vaccination status. METHODS Baseline surveys were conducted in 12 communities from April to May 2021 (post-Alpha wave) and follow-up surveys in 32 communities from November 2021 to March 2022 (Omicron wave). Household questionnaires and blood samples were collected to test for malaria by microscopy and for SARS-CoV-2 using a Luminex assay. Seroprevalence was estimated at both the survey and community level. Mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed the association between individual and household factors and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in children, adjusting for household clustering. RESULTS More households reported disruptions in daily life at baseline compared to follow-up, though economic impacts lingered. By the follow-up survey, 52.7% of adults had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Overall seroprevalence in children was higher at follow-up compared to baseline (71.6% versus 19.2%, p < 0.001). Seroprevalence in children ranged across communities from 6-37% at baseline and 50-90% at follow-up. At baseline, children from the poorest households were more likely to be infected. Increasing age remained the only consistent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion at both timepoints. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that a larger number of children were infected during the Delta and Omicron waves of COVID-19 compared to the Alpha wave. This study is the largest seroprevalence survey in children in Uganda, providing evidence that most children were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before the vaccine was widely available to pediatric populations. Pediatric infections were vastly underreported by case counts, highlighting the importance of seroprevalence surveys in assessing disease burden when testing and reporting rates are limited and many cases are mild or asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bagala
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Gloria Cuu
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas Katairo
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaiah Nabende
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Martha Nassali
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Grant Dorsey
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Joaniter I. Nankabirwa
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Sarah Kiguli
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Butabika, Uganda
| | - Moses R. Kamya
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jessica Briggs
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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7
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Chun HM, Lodiongo DK, Milligan K, Lesuk GJ, Patel D, Shiraishi RW, Martin D, Simon AK, Dirlikov E, Patel HK, Ellenberger D, Worku HA, Duong YT, Ekong RO, Katoro JS, Hussen SA, Lokore ML, Wani G, Bunga S. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in people living with HIV in South Sudan. IJID REGIONS 2024; 12:100421. [PMID: 39281194 PMCID: PMC11399597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in South Sudan is unknown. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies and other diseases of public health importance (strongyloidiasis, toxoplasmosis) in PLHIV in South Sudan during April 1, 2020-April 30, 2022. We used a multiplex SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay to detect IgG antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike, receptor binding domain, and nucelocapsid (N) proteins, and antigens for other pathogens (Strongyloides stercoralis and Toxoplasma gondii). Results Among 3518 samples tested, seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor binding domain 591 and nucleocapsid ranged from 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9-2.1%) in April-June 2020 to 53.3% (95% CI: 49.5-57.1%) in January-March 2022. The prevalence of S. stercoralis IgG ranged between 27.3% (95% CI: 23.4-31.5%) in October-December 2021 and 47.2% (95% CI: 37.8-56.8%) in July-September 2021, and, for T. gondii IgG, prevalence ranged from 15.5% (95% CI: 13.3-17.9%) in April-June 2020 to 36.2% (95% CI: 27.4-46.2%) July-September 2021. Conclusions By early 2022, PLHIV in South Sudan had high rates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Surveillance of diseases of global health concern in PLHIV is crucial to estimate population-level exposure and inform public health responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Chun
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dennis K Lodiongo
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Kyle Milligan
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
- Peraton Inc., Herndon, USA
| | | | - Divya Patel
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ray W Shiraishi
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Diana Martin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ashley K Simon
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Emilio Dirlikov
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hetal K Patel
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dennis Ellenberger
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel S Katoro
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Juba, South Sudan
| | | | | | - Gregory Wani
- Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Sudhir Bunga
- Division of Global HIV & Tuberculosis, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Juba, South Sudan
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8
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Grebe E, Stone M, Spencer BR, Akinseye A, Wright DJ, Di Germanio C, Bruhn R, Zurita KG, Contestable P, Green V, Lanteri MC, Saa P, Biggerstaff BJ, Coughlin MM, Kleinman S, Custer B, Jones JM, Busch MP. Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibodies Associated with Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Unvaccinated and Vaccinated Blood Donors. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1621-1630. [PMID: 38981189 PMCID: PMC11286071 DOI: 10.3201/eid3008.240659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleocapsid antibody assays can be used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in regions implementing spike-based COVID-19 vaccines. However, poor sensitivity of nucleocapsid antibody assays in detecting infection after vaccination has been reported. We derived a lower cutoff for identifying previous infections in a large blood donor cohort (N = 142,599) by using the Ortho VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total-N Antibody assay, improving sensitivity while maintaining specificity >98%. We validated sensitivity in samples donated after self-reported swab-confirmed infections diagnoses. Sensitivity for first infections in unvaccinated donors was 98.1% (95% CI 98.0-98.2) and for infection after vaccination was 95.6% (95% CI 95.6-95.7) based on the standard cutoff. Regression analysis showed sensitivity was reduced in the Delta compared with Omicron period, in older donors, in asymptomatic infections, <30 days after infection, and for infection after vaccination. The standard Ortho N antibody threshold demonstrated good sensitivity, which was modestly improved with the revised cutoff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryan R. Spencer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Akintunde Akinseye
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - David J. Wright
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Karla G. Zurita
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Paul Contestable
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Valerie Green
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Marion C. Lanteri
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Paula Saa
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Brad J. Biggerstaff
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Melissa M. Coughlin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Steve Kleinman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Jefferson M. Jones
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (E. Grebe, M. Stone, C. Di Germanio, R. Bruhn, K.G. Zurita, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- University of California, San Francisco (M. Stone, R. Bruhn, M.C. Lanteri, B. Custer, M.P. Busch)
- American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA (B.R. Spencer, P. Saa)
- Westat, Rockville (A. Akinseye, D. Wright); QuidelOrtho, Rochester, New York, USA (P. Contestable)
- Creative Testing Solutions, Tempe, Arizona, USA (V. Green, M.C. Lanteri)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (B.J. Biggerstaff)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.M. Coughlin, J.M. Jones)
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S. Kleinman)
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9
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Matubu TA, Yende-Zuma N, Brummel SS, Stranix-Chibanda L, Ogwang LW, Dadabhai S, Atuhaire P, Chauwa F, Gadama L, Fernandez RE, Aizire J, Jackson JB, Tobian AAR, Taha TE, Fowler MG. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in African women living with HIV and their infants. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:693. [PMID: 38992577 PMCID: PMC11241888 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity data in women living with HIV (WLHIV), their infants and associated factors in this subpopulation remain limited. We retrospectively measured SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity from 07/2020-11/2021 among WLHIV and their children in the PROMOTE observational cohort in Uganda, Malawi, and Zimbabwe prior to widespread SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in those countries. METHODS Plasma stored during 3 waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in East/Southern Africa were tested for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies (Ab) using serological assays that detect adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (EUROIMMUN, Mountain Lakes, New Jersey and Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). Modified-Poisson regression models were used to calculate prevalence rate ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. RESULTS PROMOTE samples from 918 mothers and 1237 children were analysed. Overall, maternal SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 60.1% (95% CI: 56.9 -63.3) and 41.5% (95%CI: 38.8 - 44.2) for children. Non-breastfeeding mothers had a 31% higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared to breastfeeding mothers (aPRR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.08-1.59). WLHIV with undetectable viral load had a 10% increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (aPRR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.89-1.37). Moreover, those who were normotensive had 12% increased risk SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (aPRR= 1.12, 95% CI: 0.68-1.85) compared to women with hypertension. Children between 2 and 5 years had a 19% reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (aPRR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.64-1.02) when compared to younger children. Mother/infant SARS-CoV-2 serostatuses were discordant in 346/802 (43.1%) families tested: mothers+/children- in 72.3%; mothers-/children+ in 26.3%; child+/sibling+ concordance was 34.6%. CONCLUSIONS These SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity data indicate that by late 2021, about 60% of mothers and about 40% of children in a cohort of HIV-affected families in eastern/southern Africa had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. More mothers than their infants tested SARS-CoV-2+, likely due to a greater external exposure for mothers linked to daily routines/employment, and school closures. Breastfeeding was protective for mothers, likely because of higher likelihood of staying home with young children, and thus less exposure. Discordant results between children within the same families underscores the need to further understand transmission dynamics within households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taguma A Matubu
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sean S Brummel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynda Stranix-Chibanda
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Child and Adolescent Health Unit, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lillian Wambuzi Ogwang
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sufia Dadabhai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Patience Atuhaire
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Felluna Chauwa
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences-Johns Hopkins Research Project, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Luis Gadama
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences-Johns Hopkins Research Project, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Jim Aizire
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Taha E Taha
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Blantyre, Malawi
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10
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Bagala I, Namuganga JF, Nayebare P, Cuu G, Katairo T, Nabende I, Gonahasa S, Nassali M, Tukwasibwe S, Dorsey G, Nankabirwa J, Kitaka SB, Kiguli S, Greenhouse B, Ssewanyana I, Kamya MR, Briggs J. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and risk factors for infection among children in Uganda: a serial cross-sectional study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.09.24308673. [PMID: 38947039 PMCID: PMC11213087 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.24308673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Understanding COVID-19's impact on children is vital for public health policy, yet age-specific data is scarce, especially in Uganda. This study examines SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and risk factors among Ugandan children at two timepoints, along with COVID-19-related knowledge and practices in households, including adult vaccination status. Methods Baseline surveys were conducted in 12 communities from April to May 2021 (post-Alpha wave) and follow-up surveys in 32 communities from November 2021 to March 2022 (Omicron wave). Household questionnaires and blood samples were collected to test for malaria by microscopy and for SARS-CoV-2 using a Luminex assay. Seroprevalence was estimated at both the survey and community level. Mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed the association between individual and household factors and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in children, adjusting for household clustering. Results More households reported disruptions in daily life at baseline compared to follow-up, though economic impacts lingered. By the follow-up survey, 52.7% of adults had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Overall seroprevalence in children was higher at follow-up compared to baseline (71.6% versus 19.2%, p < 0.001). Seroprevalence in children ranged across communities from 6-37% at baseline and 50-90% at follow-up. At baseline, children from the poorest households were more likely to be infected. Increasing age remained the only consistent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion at both timepoints. Conclusions Results indicate that a larger number of children were infected by the Delta and Omicron waves of COVID-19 compared to the Alpha wave. This study is the largest seroprevalence survey in children in Uganda, providing evidence that most children were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before the vaccine was widely available to pediatric populations. Pediatric infections were vastly underreported by case counts, highlighting the importance of seroprevalence surveys in assessing disease burden when testing and reporting rates are limited and many cases are mild or asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bagala
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Gloria Cuu
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas Katairo
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaiah Nabende
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Martha Nassali
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Joaniter Nankabirwa
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Sarah Kiguli
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Butabika, Uganda
| | - Moses R Kamya
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
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de Aguirre PM, Carlos S, Pina-Sánchez M, Mbikayi S, Burgueño E, Tendobi C, Chiva L, Holguín Á, Reina G. High pre-Delta and early-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence detected in dried blood samples from Kinshasa (D.R. Congo). J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29529. [PMID: 38516764 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa have yielded varying results, although authors universally agree the real burden surpasses reported cases. The primary objective of this study was to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among patients attending Monkole Hospital in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo). The secondary objective was to evaluate the analytic performance of two chemiluminescence platforms: Elecsys® (Roche) and VirClia® (Vircell) on dried blood spot samples (DBS). The study population (N = 373) was recruited in two stages: a mid-2021 blood donor cohort (15.5% women) and a mid-2022 women cohort. Crude global seroprevalence was 61% (53.9%-67.8%) pre-Delta in 2021 and 90.2% (84.7%-94.2%) post-Omicron in 2022. Anti-spike (S) antibody levels significantly increased from 53.1 (31.8-131.3) U/mL in 2021 to 436.5 (219.3-950.5) U/mL in 2022 and were significantly higher above 45 years old in the 2022 population. Both platforms showed good analytic performance on DBS samples: sensitivity was 96.8% for IgG (antiN/S) (93.9%-98.5%) and 96.0% (93.0%-98.0%) for anti-S quantification. These results provide additional support for the notion that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is more widespread than indicated by case-based surveillance and will be able to guide the pandemic response and strategy moving forward. Likewise, this study contributes evidence to the reliability of DBS as a tool for serological testing and diagnosis in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Carlos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) Irunlarrea, 3, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Samclide Mbikayi
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Eduardo Burgueño
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Céline Tendobi
- Centre Hospitalier Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Luis Chiva
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - África Holguín
- Laboratorio Epidemiología Molecular VIH-1, Hospital Ramón y Cajal -IRYCIS y CIBERESP-RITIP, Madrid, Spain
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