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Williamson G, Clifford MN. A critical examination of human data for the biological activity of quercetin and its phase-2 conjugates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38189312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This critical review examines evidence for beneficial effects of quercetin phase-2 conjugates from clinical intervention studies, volunteer feeding trials, and in vitro work. Plasma concentrations of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G) and 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3'MQ3G) after supplementation may produce beneficial effects in macrophages and endothelial cells, respectively, especially if endogenous deglucuronidation occurs, and lower blood uric acid concentration via quercetin-3'-O-sulfate (Q3'S). Unsupplemented diets produce much lower concentrations (<50 nmol/l) rarely investigated in vitro. At 10 nmol/l, Q3'S and Q3G stimulate or suppress, respectively, angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Statistically significant effects have been reported at 100 nmol/l in breast cancer cells (Q3G), primary neuron cultures (Q3G), lymphocytes (Q3G and3'MQ3G) and HUVECs (QG/QS mixture), but it is unclear whether these translate to a health benefit in vivo. More sensitive and more precise methods to measure clinically significant endpoints are required before a conclusion can be drawn regarding effects at normal dietary concentrations. Future requirements include better understanding of inter-individual and temporal variation in plasma quercetin phase-2 conjugates, their mechanisms of action including deglucuronidation and desulfation both in vitro and in vivo, tissue accumulation and washout, as well as potential for synergy or antagonism with other quercetin metabolites and metabolites of other dietary phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael N Clifford
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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2
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Mase K, Hirayama C, Narukawa J, Kuwazaki S, Yamamoto K. Fine mapping of Green a, Ga, on chromosome 27 in Bombyx mori. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 98:239-247. [PMID: 37813645 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some strains of silkworms produce green cocoons of varying intensities. This results from quantitative and qualitative differences in flavonoid pigments, which are influenced by the environment and genetic background. We discovered that the appearance of a faint green cocoon is regulated by a gene (G27) located on chromosome 27. Through mating experiments, we found that G27 is identical to an essential flavonoid cocoon gene, Ga. This locus has not been previously described. Furthermore, we narrowed down the Ga region to 438 kbp using molecular markers. Within this region, several predicted genes for sugar transporters form a cluster structure, suggesting that Ga is among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mase
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | | | - Junko Narukawa
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO
| | - Seigo Kuwazaki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO
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3
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Le Sayec M, Carregosa D, Khalifa K, de Lucia C, Aarsland D, Santos CN, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Identification and quantification of (poly)phenol and methylxanthine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid: evidence of their ability to cross the BBB. Food Funct 2023; 14:8893-8902. [PMID: 37701930 PMCID: PMC10544810 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01913f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that dietary (poly)phenols and methylxanthines have neuroprotective effects; however, little is known about whether they can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exert direct effects on the brain. We investigated the presence of (poly)phenol and methylxanthine metabolites in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 90 individuals at risk of dementia using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and predicted their mechanism of transport across the BBB using in silico modelling techniques. A total of 123 and 127 metabolites were detected in CSF and plasma, respectively. In silico analysis suggests that 5 of the 20 metabolites quantified in CSF can cross the BBB by passive diffusion, while at least 9 metabolites require the aid of cell transporters to cross the BBB. Our results showed that (poly)phenols and methylxanthines are bioavailable, can cross the BBB via passive diffusion or transport carriers, and can reach brain tissues to exert neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Le Sayec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Khadija Khalifa
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Chiara de Lucia
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cláudia N Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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4
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Biochemistry of Antioxidants: Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123051. [PMID: 36551806 PMCID: PMC9776363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, meats, eggs and fish protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. They are widely used to reduce food loss and waste, minimizing lipid oxidation, as well as for their effects on health through pharmaceutical preparations. In fact, the use of natural antioxidants is among the main efforts made to relieve the pressure on natural resources and to move towards more sustainable food and pharmaceutical systems. Alternative food waste management approaches include the valorization of by-products as a source of phenolic compounds for functional food formulations. In this review, we will deal with the chemistry of antioxidants, including their molecular structures and reaction mechanisms. The biochemical aspects will also be reviewed, including the effects of acidity and temperature on their partitioning in binary and multiphasic systems. The poor bioavailability of antioxidants remains a huge constraint for clinical applications, and we will briefly describe some delivery systems that provide for enhanced pharmacological action of antioxidants via drug targeting and increased bioavailability. The pharmacological activity of antioxidants can be improved by designing nanotechnology-based formulations, and recent nanoformulations include nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes/proliposomes, phytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, all showing promising outcomes in improving the efficiency and bioavailability of antioxidants. Finally, an overview of the pharmacological effects, therapeutic properties and future choice of antioxidants will be incorporated.
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Tanaka S, Trakooncharoenvit A, Nishikawa M, Ikushiro S, Hara H. Heteroconjugates of quercetin with 4'- O-sulfate selectively accumulate in rat plasma due to limited urinary excretion. Food Funct 2022; 13:1459-1471. [PMID: 35048937 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03478b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin and methylquercetin are present in a variety of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates in the plasma of quercetin-fed rats and humans. Quercetin conjugates exhibit various physiological activities, depending on the type and position of conjugation. However, little is known regarding the type and position of isomers of quercetin conjugates in the plasma, their accumulation in the liver and kidneys, and their excretion via urine. Using authentic standards of quercetin conjugates and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis, we identified and quantified various quercetin conjugates in blood plasma, urine, liver, and kidney tissues 1, 4, and 10 h after orally administering 33.1 μmol kg-1 quercetin glucosides to rats. The profiles of quercetin conjugates were largely different among plasma, urine, liver, and kidneys. Very limited heteroconjugates (7-O-glucuronide-4'-O-sulfate) of quercetin and methylquercetin dominated in the plasma, but these heteroconjugates were much less excreted via urine and did not largely accumulate in the liver and kidneys. Heteroconjugates constituting sulfates other than 4' position sulfate, 7-O-glucuronide-3'-O-sulfate, 4'-O-glucuronide-7-O-sulfate, and 3'-O-glucuronide-7-O-sulfate were major metabolites in urine, but were minimally detected in the plasma. We also found that mono-sulfate conjugates were abundant in the liver and renal tissues. These results suggest that excretion of quercetin conjugates, especially heteroconjugates, into urine is highly selective. The heteroconjugates with 4'-O-sulfate may be scarcely excreted via urine, and thus accumulate in the blood plasma. Further research is necessary to evaluate the physiological effects of heteroconjugates accumulated in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Tanaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan. .,Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Aphichat Trakooncharoenvit
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Fuji Women's University, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-3204, Japan
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Yang H, Zhai B, Wang M, Fan Y, Wang J, Cheng J, Zou J, Zhang X, Shi Y, Guo D, Tang Z. The influence of rhein on the absorption of rehmaionoside D: In vivo, in situ, in vitro, and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114650. [PMID: 34536515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese Medicine, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., as the principle herb of ShengDiHuang Decotion (SDHD), has the effect of cooling blood and hemostasis, and tonifying the yin and kidney. Rheum L., as adjuvant herbs, assist Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis. AIM OF STUDY To study the mechanism of Rhein (RH) involved in the promotion of Rehmannioside D (RD) absorption by pharmacokinetic studies, single-pass intestinal perfusion, Caco-2 cell models, molecular docking technique and western blotting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, the intestinal absorption of RD in the presence or absence of RH was conducted through pharmacokinetic studies. Thereafter, the intestinal absorption of RD and RH was studied using the single-pass intestinal perfusion and Caco-2 cell models. Finally, using molecular docking technique and western blotting. RESULTS We found that the promotion of RD absorption by RH was mediated by breast cancer resistance and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, thereby affecting the permeability of the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, RH and RD can competitively bind to breast cancer resistance and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, and that RH inhibits the expression of breast cancer resistance and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in the ileum to promote the intestinal absorption of RD. CONCLUSION This study reveals the mechanisms associated with the RH-mediated promotion of RD absorption and provides a basis for further exploring the synergistic effect of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC and rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Mei Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yu Fan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jiangxue Cheng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Polyphenols as Antioxidants for Extending Food Shelf-Life and in the Prevention of Health Diseases: Encapsulation and Interfacial Phenomena. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121909. [PMID: 34944722 PMCID: PMC8698762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity caused by the exposure to human-made chemicals and environmental conditions has become a major health concern because they may significantly increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), negatively affecting the endogenous antioxidant defense. Living systems have evolved complex antioxidant mechanisms to protect cells from oxidative conditions. Although oxidative stress contributes to various pathologies, the intake of molecules such as polyphenols, obtained from natural sources, may limit their effects because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against lipid peroxidation and against a broad range of foodborne pathogens. Ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help to reduce the harmful effects of ROS, but the use of supramolecular and nanomaterials as delivery systems has emerged as an efficient method to improve their pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Suitable exogenous polyphenolic antioxidants should be readily absorbed and delivered to sites where pathological oxidative damage may take place, for instance, intracellular locations. Many potential antioxidants have a poor bioavailability, but they can be encapsulated to improve their ideal solubility and permeability profile. Development of effective antioxidant strategies requires the creation of new nanoscale drug delivery systems to significantly reduce oxidative stress. In this review we provide an overview of the oxidative stress process, highlight some properties of ROS, and discuss the role of natural polyphenols as bioactives in controlling the overproduction of ROS and bacterial and fungal growth, paying special attention to their encapsulation in suitable delivery systems and to their location in colloidal systems where interfaces play a crucial role.
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Mosaffa F, Hadizadeh F, Fathi F, Eslami Nasab Z, Pourzahed T, Aboutorabzade SM, Ghodsi R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinoline analogs of ketoprofen as multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:815-825. [PMID: 34630959 PMCID: PMC8487607 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54554.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A new series of quinoline analogs of ketoprofen was designed and synthesized as multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitors using ketoprofen as the lead compounds. Materials and Methods The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated againt two cancer cell lines including A2780/RCIS (MRP2-overexpressing ovarian carcinoma), A2780, drug-sensitive ovarian carcinoma using MTT assay. Compounds showing low toxicity in MTT test were selected to investigate their MRP inhibition activity. MRP2 inhibitory potency was evaluated by determination of the uptake amount of fluorescent 5-carboxy fluorescein diacetate (5-CFDA) substrate, by A2780/RCIS in the presence of the selected compounds. Mode of interaction between synthesized ligands and homology modeled MRP2 was investigated by MOE software. Results Compound 6d, a 4-carboxy quinoline possessing dimethoxy phenyl in position 2 of quinoline ring, showed the most MRP2 inhibition activity among all the quinolines and more than the reference drug ketoprofen. MRP2 inhibition activity of compound 7d was less in comparison to that of compound 6d, indicating that carboxyl group in position 4 of quinoline may interact with MRP2. Docking studies showed that compound 7d methyl ester of 6d, interacted less compared to its parent 6d, which is consistent with biological results. Conclusion This study indicates that 6- or 8-benzoyl-2-arylquinoline is a suitable scaffold to design MRP2 inhibitors. The position of benzoyl in quinoline ring is important in inhibition of MRP2. Generally, MRP2 inhibition activity of compound 7d was less in comparison to that of 6d, indicating that carboxyl group in position 4 of quinoline may interact with MRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Fathi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Eslami Nasab
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Pourzahed
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Boronat A, Rodriguez-Morató J, Serreli G, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, Deiana M, de la Torre R. Contribution of Biotransformations Carried Out by the Microbiota, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transport Proteins to the Biological Activities of Phytochemicals Found in the Diet. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2172-2189. [PMID: 34388248 PMCID: PMC8634308 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of dietary phytochemicals has been associated with several health benefits and relevant biological activities. It is postulated that biotransformations of these compounds regulated by the microbiota, Phase I/II reactions, transport proteins, and deconjugating enzymes contribute not only to their metabolic clearance but also, in some cases, to their bioactivation. A number of factors (age, genetics, sex, physiopathological conditions, and the interplay with other dietary phytochemicals) modulating metabolic activities are important sources and contributors to the interindividual variability observed in clinical studies evaluating the biological activities of phytochemicals. In this review, we discuss all the processes that can affect the bioaccessibility and beneficial effects of these bioactive compounds. Herein, we argue that the role of these factors must be further studied to correctly understand and predict the effects observed following the intake of phytochemicals. This is, in particular, with regard to in vitro investigations, which have shown great inconsistency with preclinical and clinical studies. The complexity of in vivo metabolic activity and biotransformation should therefore be considered in the interpretation of results in vitro and their translation to human physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (UPF-CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Pathology Section, Experimental Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Montserrato, Italy
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (CAMH), Toronto, Canada,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Pathology Section, Experimental Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Montserrato, Italy
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Yin X, Wang M, Xia Z. In vitro evaluation of intestinal absorption of tiliroside from Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:728-736. [PMID: 33874851 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1904304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn and its main component tiliroside (TIL) show good bioactivity, its intestinal absorption data supporting its low bioavailability have not been reported.The evaluation results of three absorption models in vitro and in vivo indicated that the results of the Ussing chamber model were basically consistent with the results of in vivo experiments. It was thus applied to investigate the characteristics of TIL across various intestinal regions and the interaction between TIL and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette family proteins (ABC) including, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).The data of the bi-directional transport showed that the ileum had the higher apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of TIL than duodenum and jejunum, suggesting the best absorption of TIL in the ileum.In the presence of the MRP2 inhibitor, the absorption of TIL from water extracts of E. gardneri (Wall.) Meisn (WAE) was improved, indicating that MRP2 other than P-gp and BCRP affected the absorption of TIL and might be responsible for its low bioavailability. This study laid the foundation for enhancing the bioavailability of TIL and highlighted the influences of efflux transporters on bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Hai Y, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Ma X, Qi X, Xiao J, Xue W, Luo Y, Yue T. Advance on the absorption, metabolism, and efficacy exertion of quercetin and its important derivatives. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo ‐ Ourense Campus Ourense E‐32004 Spain
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Beijing P. R. China
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12
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Inhibitory Effects of Quercetin and Its Main Methyl, Sulfate, and Glucuronic Acid Conjugates on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, and on OATP, BCRP and MRP2 Transporters. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082306. [PMID: 32751996 PMCID: PMC7468908 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid, its glycosides and aglycone are found in significant amounts in several plants and dietary supplements. Because of the high presystemic biotransformation of quercetin, mainly its conjugates appear in circulation. As has been reported in previous studies, quercetin can interact with several proteins of pharmacokinetic importance. However, the interactions of its metabolites with biotransformation enzymes and drug transporters have barely been examined. In this study, the inhibitory effects of quercetin and its most relevant methyl, sulfate, and glucuronide metabolites were tested on cytochrome P450 (CYP) (2C19, 3A4, and 2D6) enzymes as well as on organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Binding Cassette (ABC) (BCRP and MRP2) transporters. Quercetin and its metabolites (quercetin-3'-sulfate, quercetin-3-glucuronide, isorhamnetin, and isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide) showed weak inhibitory effects on CYP2C19 and 3A4, while they did not affect CYP2D6 activity. Some of the flavonoids caused weak inhibition of OATP1A2 and MRP2. However, most of the compounds tested proved to be strong inhibitors of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and BCRP. Our data demonstrate that not only quercetin but some of its conjugates, can also interact with CYP enzymes and drug transporters. Therefore, high intake of quercetin may interfere with the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
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13
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Cömert ED, Gökmen V. Physiological relevance of food antioxidants. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 93:205-250. [PMID: 32711863 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants are associated with prevention of oxidative stress related chronic diseases including certain types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in extending the knowledge on their physiological effects in human body. There are numbers of epidemiological, clinical, meta-analysis, and in vitro studies to explain formation mechanisms of each chronic diseases as well as the potential effects of dietary antioxidants on these diseases and gut health. Comprehensive studies for food antioxidants' journey from dietary intake to target tissues/organs deserve a serious consideration to have a clear understanding on the physiological effects of dietary antioxidants. Therefore, absorption and metabolism of dietary antioxidants, and the factors affecting their absorption, such as solubility of antioxidants, food matrix, and interaction between antioxidants have been evaluated in several research articles. This chapter provides an overview about potential health effects of dietary antioxidants considering with their absorption and metabolism in human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Doğan Cömert
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vural Gökmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Ferenczyova K, Kalocayova B, Bartekova M. Potential Implications of Quercetin and its Derivatives in Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1585. [PMID: 32111033 PMCID: PMC7084176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QCT) is a natural polyphenolic compound enriched in human food, mainly in vegetables, fruits and berries. QCT and its main derivatives, such as rhamnetin, rutin, hyperoside, etc., have been documented to possess many beneficial effects in the human body including their positive effects in the cardiovascular system. However, clinical implications of QCT and its derivatives are still rare. In the current paper we provide a complex picture of the most recent knowledge on the effects of QCT and its derivatives in different types of cardiac injury, mainly in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the heart, but also in other pathologies such as anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity or oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury, documented in in vitro and ex vivo, as well as in in vivo experimental models of cardiac injury. Moreover, we focus on cardiac effects of QCT in presence of metabolic comorbidities in addition to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Finally, we provide a short summary of clinical studies focused on cardiac effects of QCT. In general, it seems that QCT and its metabolites exert strong cardioprotective effects in a wide range of experimental models of cardiac injury, likely via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and molecular pathways-modulating properties; however, ageing and presence of lifestyle-related comorbidities may confound their beneficial effects in heart disease. On the other hand, due to very limited number of clinical trials focused on cardiac effects of QCT and its derivatives, clinical data are inconclusive. Thus, additional well-designed human studies including a high enough number of patients testing different concentrations of QCT are needed to reveal real therapeutic potential of QCT in CVD. Finally, several negative or controversial effects of QCT in the heart have been reported, and this should be also taken into consideration in QCT-based approaches aimed to treat CVD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ferenczyova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.F.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.F.); (B.K.)
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.F.); (B.K.)
- Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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Serrano J, Kolanczyk RC, Tapper MA, Lahren T, Dongari N, Hammermeister DE, Kosian PA, Schmieder PK, Sheedy BR, Challis K, Kubátová A. Characterization and analysis of estrogenic cyclic phenone metabolites produced in vitro by rainbow trout liver slices using GC-MS, LC-MS and LC-TOF-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121717. [PMID: 31437775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic phenones are chemicals of interest to the USEPA and international organizations due to their potential for endocrine disruption to aquatic and terrestrial species. The metabolic conversion of cyclic phenones by liver hepatocytes and the structure of main metabolites yielded have not been assessed in fish species. As part of a larger project, in this study we investigated the structure of metabolites produced in vitro by rainbow trout (rt) liver slices after exposure to the model cyclic phenones benzophenone (DPK), cyclobutyl phenyl ketone (CBP) and cyclohexyl phenyl ketone (CPK). While only one distinct metabolite was detected for DPK and CBP (benzhydrol and CBPOH, respectively), CPK yielded nine positional isomers (M1-M9) as products. In absence of standards, improved inference of CPK metabolites tentative structures was achieved by combining GC-MS with and without derivatization, LC with tandem MS, LC with high resolution time of flight (TOF) MS and LC fractionation data with CPK phase II conjugative metabolism information. Data supported that CPK is metabolized by phase I oxidation of the cyclohexyl ring and not the phenyl group as predicted by metabolism simulators. CPK metabolites M1 and M2 (MW 186), were proposed to be cyclohexenyl-derivatives. Also, M6-M9 were proposed to be hydroxylated metabolites (MW 204), with the potential for undergoing phase II conjugative metabolism to glucuronides and sulfates. Finally, M3, M4 and M5 were proposed as cyclohexanone-derivatives of CPK (MW 202), resulting from the limited redox-interconversion of their hydroxylated pairs M8, M6 and M7, respectively. Assessment of metabolite role in biological responses associated with endocrine disruption will advance the development of methods for species extrapolation and the understanding of differential sensitivity of species to chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Serrano
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA.
| | - Richard C Kolanczyk
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Tapper
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Tylor Lahren
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Nagaraju Dongari
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Dean E Hammermeister
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Patricia A Kosian
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Patricia K Schmieder
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Barbara R Sheedy
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Katie Challis
- Student Services Contractor, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Alena Kubátová
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Fang Y, Cao W, Liang F, Xia M, Pan S, Xu X. Structure affinity relationship and docking studies of flavonoids as substrates of multidrug-resistant associated protein 2 (MRP2) in MDCK/MRP2 cells. Food Chem 2019; 291:101-109. [PMID: 31006447 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the relationship of flavonoid structures to their affinity for an important efflux transporter, multidrug-resistant associated protein 2 (MRP2). The cellular uptake (CU) of 35 flavonoids was investigated in MRP2 overexpression MDCK/MRP2 cells. Resulting data identified 8 flavonoids as MRP2 substrates based on their high CUMK with MK-571 in MDCK/MRP2 cells. Also, three substrates showed better CUMD in MDCK cells than did CUMRP in MDCK/MRP2 cells. Docking analyses showed a good correlation (R = 0.926, p = 0.003) between efflux-fold of flavonoid substrates and their docking S_scoring with the MRP2 model, indicating consistency between in silico and in vitro approaches. A structure affinity relationship (SAR) study indicated that 3-OH, 5-OH, 6-OH, 3'-OH, and 4'-OCH3 substituents were favourable while, 8-OCH3, 2'-OH, 3'-OCH3, 4'-OH and 5'-OH were unfavourable for flavonoid affinity to MRP2. Our study provides valuable information for dietary application of flavonoids with specific structures for high absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Fuqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Current Research Method in Transporter Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:203-240. [PMID: 31571166 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transporters play an important role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs. In recent years, various in vitro, in situ/ex vivo, and in vivo methods have been established for studying transporter function and drug-transporter interaction. In this chapter, the major types of in vitro models for drug transport studies comprise membrane-based assays, cell-based assays (such as primary cell cultures, immortalized cell lines), and transporter-transfected cell lines with single transporters or multiple transporters. In situ/ex vivo models comprise isolated and perfused organs or tissues. In vivo models comprise transporter gene knockout models, natural mutant animal models, and humanized animal models. This chapter would be focused on the methods for the study of drug transporters in vitro, in situ/ex vivo, and in vivo. The applications, advantages, or limitations of each model and emerging technologies are also mentioned in this chapter.
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Combined cereal and pulse flavonoids show enhanced bioavailability by downregulating phase II metabolism and ABC membrane transporter function in Caco-2 model. Food Chem 2018; 279:88-97. [PMID: 30611516 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Predominant flavonoids in cereals and pulses are structurally different and may positively interact to enhance bioactivity in combined diet. This work investigated the effects of combined cereal 3-deoxyflavonoids (apigenin, naringenin) and pulse flavonols (quercetin), along with natural extracts, on their bioavailability and underlying mechanisms using Caco-2 monolayer model. Membrane permeability, phase II metabolism, and ATP binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporter expression and function were measured. Apparent absorption of quercetin and apigenin increased (p < 0.05) 3.3× and 1.5×, respectively, while both compounds were significantly less metabolized in combined treatments. Combinations with naringenin had insignificant effect, suggesting a role for flavonoid C2C3 conjugation. Both natural extracts and apigenin-quercetin combinations synergistically (3-40 fold) downregulated ABC transporter expression, and inhibited P-glycoprotein activity, suggesting direct binding and inhibition of ATPase. Combination of conjugated cereal and pulse flavonoids enhances their potential bioavailability through synergistic inhibition of membrane transporter and phase II enzyme function.
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19
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Li S, Xu J, Yao Z, Hu L, Qin Z, Gao H, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ, Yao X. The roles of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs) in the excretion of cycloicaritin-3-O-glucoronide in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:45-56. [PMID: 30237061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cycloicaritin is a bioactive natural phenolic compound from Epimedium species. However, the glucuronidation and excretion which would influence oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cycloicaritin still remain unknown. Here we aimed to establish UGT1A1 stably transfected HeLa cells, and to determine the contributions of BCRP and MRPs transporters to excretion of cycloicaritin-3-O-glucuronide. First, β-estradiol was used to validate the expression of active UGT1A1 protein in engineered HeLa1A1 cells. Furthermore, Ko143 (5 and 20 μM) led to a significant decrease (42.4%-63.8%, p < 0.01) in CICT-3-G excretion and obvious accumulation (19.7%-54.2%, p < 0.05) of intracellular CICT-3-G, while MK571 (5 and 20 μM) caused a significant reduction (46.8%-64.8%, p < 0.05) in the excretion and obvious elevation (50.7%-85.2%, p < 0.01) of intracellular level of CICT-3-G. Furthermore, BCRP knocked-down brought marked reduction in excretion rates of CICT-3-G (26.0%-42.2%, p < 0.01), whereas MRP1 and MRP4-mediated silencing led to significant decrease in the excretion of CICT-3-G (23.8%-35.4%, p < 0.05 for MRP1 and 11.9%-16.0%, p < 0.05 for MRP4). By contrast, neither CICT-3-G excretion nor CICT-3-G accumulation altered in MRP3 knocked-down cells as compared to scramble cells. Taken together, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP4 were identified as the most important contributors for CICT-3-G excretion. Meanwhile, the UGT1A1 modified HeLa cells were a simple and practical tool to study UGT1A1-mediated glucuronidation and to characterize BCRP and MRPs-mediated glucuronide transport at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Liufang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Hao Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
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20
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Targeting Nucleotide Binding Domain of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein-1 (MRP1) for the Reversal of Multi Drug Resistance in Cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11973. [PMID: 30097643 PMCID: PMC6086895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major cause, by which cancer cells expel the drugs out, developing a challenge against the current chemotherapeutic drugs regime. This mechanism is attributed to the over expression of ABC transporters like MRP1 on the surface of cells. Since nucleotide binding domains (NBD) of ABC transporters are the site of ATP binding and hydrolysis, thereby in this study we have targeted NBD1 of MRP1using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations (MDS). The compounds present in the FDA approved library were docked against NBD1 of the human multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (PDB ID: 2CBZ). For the docking studies, Standard Precision and Extra Precision methods were employed. After the EP docking studies, ligands showed an extremely low docking score that was indicative of very high binding affinity of the ligands to the NBD. Apart from the low docking score, another short listing criterion in simulation studies was the interaction of incoming ligand with the desired conserved residues of NDB involved in ATP binding and hydrolysis. Based on these measures, potassium citrate (DB09125) and technetium Tc-99m medronate (DB09138) were chosen and subjected to 100 ns simulation studies. From the MDS study we concluded that between these two compounds, potassium citrate is a better candidate for targeting MRP1.
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Chalet C, Hollebrands B, Duchateau GS, Augustijns P. Intestinal phase-II metabolism of quercetin in HT29 cells, 3D human intestinal tissues and in healthy volunteers: a qualitative comparison using LC-IMS-MS and LC-HRMS. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:945-952. [PMID: 30085847 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1509246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large class of dietary molecules, among which quercetin is the most ubiquitous, which undergo an extensive intestinal phase-II metabolism. We compared the in vivo metabolism of quercetin in healthy volunteers with two in vitro models, HT29 cells and 3 D human intestinal tissues. Supernatants of the in vitro experiments and the human intestinal fluids (HIF) were analyzed by LC-IMS-MS and LC-HRMS in a qualitative way. Quercetin glucuronides, sulfates and their methyl conjugates were detected in all three systems. The metabolic profiles were found to be different, both in terms of the metabolites produced and their relative proportions. In particular, quercetin sulfates were almost absent in supernatants from HT29 cells incubations while they were a major metabolite in HIF and also found in 3 D intestinal tissues incubations. IMS provided structural information as well as a third dimension of characterization, while HRMS brought increased sensitivity and MS/MS confirmation. HT29 cells are a useful tool to generate phase-II metabolites but do not represent the in vivo situation. 3 D intestinal tissues appear as a more relevant tool to study the intestinal phase-II metabolism of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chalet
- a Unilever R&D , Vlaardingen , The Netherlands.,b Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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22
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Williamson G, Kay CD, Crozier A. The Bioavailability, Transport, and Bioactivity of Dietary Flavonoids: A Review from a Historical Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1054-1112. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Inst. North Carolina State Univ. North Carolina Research Campus Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| | - Alan Crozier
- Dept. of Nutrition Univ. of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, Univ. Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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23
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Qi C, Fu J, Zhao H, Xing H, Dong D, Wu B. Identification of UGTs and BCRP as potential pharmacokinetic determinants of the natural flavonoid alpinetin. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:276-283. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1440657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Qi
- Institution of Laboratory Animal, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Fu
- Institution of Laboratory Animal, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huinan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Xing
- Institution of Laboratory Animal, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Hu M, Wu B, Liu Z. Bioavailability of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in the Era of Precision Medicine. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2861-2863. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Baojian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for
Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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25
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Zhou X, Wang S, Sun H, Wu B. Sulfonation of raloxifene in HEK293 cells overexpressing SULT1A3: Involvement of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) in excretion of sulfate metabolites. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:425-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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D'Andrea G. Quercetin: A flavonol with multifaceted therapeutic applications? Fitoterapia 2015; 106:256-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Jani M, Krajcsi P. In vitro methods in drug transporter interaction assessment. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 12:e105-12. [PMID: 25027368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug transporter proteins recruit to pharmacological barrier tissues and profoundly affect the ADME properties of a large number of drugs. In vitro assays optimized for drug transporters have grown into routine tools in the determination of molecular level interactions as well as prediction of barrier penetration and system level pharmacokinetics. Regulatory position mandates increasing interest in the application of these assays during drug development.
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28
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Barrington RD, Needs PW, Williamson G, Kroon PA. MK571 inhibits phase-2 conjugation of flavonols by Caco-2/TC7 cells, but does not specifically inhibit their apical efflux. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:193-200. [PMID: 25801004 PMCID: PMC4428793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MK571 is a multidrug resistance protein-2 (ABCC2, Mrp2) inhibitor and has been widely used to demonstrate the role of Mrp2 in the cellular efflux of drugs, xenobiotics and their conjugates. Numerous reports have described modulation of Caco-2 cellular efflux and transport of flavonoids in the presence of MK571. Since flavonoids are efficiently conjugated by Caco-2/TC7 cells, we investigated the effects of MK571 on the efflux of flavonoid conjugates. The flavonol aglycones kaempferol, quercetin and galangin were efficiently taken up, conjugated and effluxed by Caco-2/TC7 cells. Apically-applied MK571 caused significant reductions in both the apical and basolateral efflux of flavonol conjugates from Caco-2/TC7 monolayers. MK571 did not significantly alter the apical:basolateral efflux ratio for flavonol conjugates, however, which is not consistent with MK571 specifically inhibiting only apical Mrp2. Since MK571 decreased the total amounts of conjugates formed, and increased cellular flavonol aglycone concentrations, we explored the possibility that MK571 also inhibits phase-2 conjugation of flavonols. MK571 dose-dependently inhibited the intracellular biosynthesis of all flavonol glucuronides and sulphates by Caco-2 cells. MK571 significantly inhibited phase-2 conjugation of kaempferol by cell-free extracts of Caco-2, and production of kaempferol-4′-O-glucuronide was competitively inhibited. These data show that MK571, in addition to inhibiting MRP2, is a potential inhibitor of enterocyte phase-2 conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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29
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Delgado L, Fernandes I, González-Manzano S, de Freitas V, Mateus N, Santos-Buelga C. Anti-proliferative effects of quercetin and catechin metabolites. Food Funct 2014; 5:797-803. [PMID: 24573487 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids have been associated with a lower incidence of some chronic diseases. However, the mechanisms behind the in vivo biological activity of flavonoids are still mostly unknown. Flavonoids are metabolized in the human body to conjugated forms (methylated, sulphated and glucuronidated derivatives) that should play a role in flavonoid activity. In this study, the anti-proliferative effects of conjugated metabolites of quercetin and (epi)catechin, major flavonoids in the diet, have been evaluated against three different cancer cell lines from breast (MCF-7), colon (Caco-2) and pancreas (BxPC-3) and one normal cell line of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1), and compared with the effect of their unconjugated forms. Quercetin showed anti-proliferative activity on the three assayed cell models, whereas catechin and epicatechin were not active. Methylation on ring-B of quercetin decreased the anti-proliferative effects, especially when the methylation occurred in position 3' (isorhamnetin), although methylated metabolites still showed significant anti-proliferative activity. As to catechins, 4'-O-methyl-epicatechin and 3'-O-methyl-epicatechin were the only ones to show some activity on MCF-7 and BxPC-3 cell lines, respectively. Conjugation of quercetin with glucose or glucuronic acid eliminated the anti-proliferative effects of aglycones. Sulphated metabolites were also tested and found to be inactive in most of the explored cell lines, although quercetin-4'-O-sulphate and epicatechin-3'-O-sulphate still showed some anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Guo Y, Bruno RS. Endogenous and exogenous mediators of quercetin bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:201-10. [PMID: 25468612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a dietary flavonol that has poor and highly variable bioavailability. Epidemiological studies suggest that higher dietary intakes of quercetin decease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, experimental findings examining its cardioprotective activities are inconsistent, thereby precluding a full understanding of its health benefits. Bioavailability of dietary constituents is a critical mediator of their health benefits. Thus, a better understanding of the factors regulating quercetin bioavailability is expected to support its potential role in managing CVD risk. This review provides an update on the evidence describing endogenous and exogenous factors responsible for the limited and highly variable bioavailability of quercetin. It focuses on pharmacokinetics studies in clinical and animal models, while also describing strategies aimed at improving quercetin bioavailability to better realize its cardioprotective activities in vivo that are routinely observed in vitro. Although significant advances have been made in understanding determinants of quercetin bioavailability, additional research in controlled trials is needed to more comprehensively examine dose-response effects, whether its cardioprotective activities improve in response to its greater bioavailability, and if the putative health benefits of quercetin are mediated directly or indirectly from one or more of its metabolites generated during xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Terao J, Mukai R. Prenylation modulates the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of dietary flavonoids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 559:12-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hosen MJ, Zubaer A, Thapa S, Khadka B, De Paepe A, Vanakker OM. Molecular docking simulations provide insights in the substrate binding sites and possible substrates of the ABCC6 transporter. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102779. [PMID: 25062064 PMCID: PMC4111409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ATP-binding cassette family C member 6 (ABCC6) gene encodes an ABC transporter protein (ABCC6), primarily expressed in liver and kidney. Mutations in the ABCC6 gene cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by ectopic mineralization of the elastic fibers. The pathophysiology underlying PXE is incompletely understood, which can at least partly be explained by the undetermined nature of the ABCC6 substrates as well as the unknown substrate recognition and binding sites. Several compounds, including anionic glutathione conjugates (N-ethylmaleimide; NEM-GS) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were shown to be modestly transported in vitro; conversely, vitamin K3 (VK3) was demonstrated not to be transported by ABCC6. To predict the possible substrate binding pockets of the ABCC6 transporter, we generated a 3D homology model of ABCC6 in both open and closed conformation, qualified for molecular docking and virtual screening approaches. By docking 10 reported in vitro substrates in our ABCC6 3D homology models, we were able to predict the substrate binding residues of ABCC6. Further, virtual screening of 4651 metabolites from the Human Serum Metabolome Database against our open conformation model disclosed possible substrates for ABCC6, which are mostly lipid and biliary secretion compounds, some of which are found to be involved in mineralization. Docking of these possible substrates in the closed conformation model also showed high affinity. Virtual screening expands this possibility to explore more compounds that can interact with ABCC6, and may aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to PXE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jakir Hosen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Zubaer
- Swapnojaatra Bioresearch Laboratory, DataSoft Systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Simrika Thapa
- Swapnojaatra Bioresearch Laboratory, DataSoft Systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bijendra Khadka
- Swapnojaatra Bioresearch Laboratory, DataSoft Systems, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier M. Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Tonigold M, Rossmann A, Meinold M, Bette M, Märken M, Henkenius K, Bretz AC, Giel G, Cai C, Rodepeter FR, Beneš V, Grénman R, Carey TE, Lage H, Stiewe T, Neubauer A, Werner JA, Brendel C, Mandic R. A cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cell line with cytoplasmic p53(mut) exhibits ATP-binding cassette transporter upregulation and high glutathione levels. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1689-704. [PMID: 24913304 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with cytoplasmically sequestered mutant p53 (p53(mut_c)) are frequently more resistant to cisplatin (CDDP) than cells with mutant but nuclear p53 (p53(mut_n)). The aim of the study was to identify underlying mechanisms implicated in CDDP resistance of HNSCC cells carrying cytoplasmic p53(mut). METHODS Microarray analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry were used to identify and evaluate candidate genes involved in CDDP resistance of p53(mut_c) cells. RNAi knockdown or treatment with inhibitors together with flow cytometry-based methods was used for functional assessment of the identified candidate genes. Cellular metabolic activity was assessed with the XTT assay, and the redox capacity of cells was evaluated by measuring cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. RESULTS Upregulation of ABCC2 and ABCG2 transporters was observed in CDDP-resistant p53(mut_c) HNSCC cells. Furthermore, p53(mut_c) cells exhibited a pronounced side population that could be suppressed by RNAi knockdown of ABCG2 as well as treatment with the ATP-binding-cassette transporter inhibitors imatinib, MK571 and tariquidar. Metabolic activity and cellular GSH levels were higher in CDDP-resistant p53(mut_c) cells, consistent with a higher capacity to fend off cytotoxic oxidative effects such as those caused by CDDP treatment. Finally, ABCC2/G2 inhibition of HNSCC cells with MK571 markedly enhanced CDDP sensitivity of HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The observations in this study point to a major role of p53(mut_c) in conferring a stem cell like phenotype to HNSCC cells that is associated with ABCC2/G2 overexpression, high GSH and metabolic activity levels as well as CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tonigold
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany
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Lin YC, Yu CP, Lin SP, Hsu PW, Chao PDL, Hou YC, Juang SH. Potential modulation on BCRP and MRP 4 by onion: in vivo and ex-vivo studies. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Rubió L, Macià A, Castell-Auví A, Pinent M, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Romero MP, Motilva MJ. Effect of the co-occurring olive oil and thyme extracts on the phenolic bioaccesibility and bioavailability assessed by in vitro digestion and cell models. Food Chem 2014; 149:277-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lewandowska U, Szewczyk K, Hrabec E, Janecka A, Gorlach S. Overview of metabolism and bioavailability enhancement of polyphenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12183-99. [PMID: 24295170 DOI: 10.1021/jf404439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A proper diet is one of major factors contributing to good health and is directly related to general condition of the organism. Phenolic compounds are abundant in foods and beverages (fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, leguminous plants, cereals, herbs, spices, tea, coffee, wine, beer) and their pleiotropic biological activities result in numerous health beneficial effects. On the other hand, high reactivity and very large diversity in terms of structure and molecular weight renders polyphenols one of the most difficult groups of compounds to investigate, as evidenced by ambiguous and sometimes contradictory results of many studies. Furthermore, phenolics undergo metabolic transformations, which significantly change their biological activities. Here, we discuss some aspects of metabolism and absorption of phenolic compounds. On the basis of information reported in the literature as well as in summaries of clinical trials and patent applications, we also give an overview of strategies for enhancing their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
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Romaszko E, Wiczkowski W, Romaszko J, Honke J, Piskula MK. Exposure of breastfed infants to quercetin after consumption of a single meal rich in quercetin by their mothers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:221-8. [PMID: 23963751 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The exposure to quercetin (Q) has not been studied in breastfed infants whose mothers were consuming a Q-rich diet. The objective of the study was to determine whether plant-origin antioxidant-Q passes from the mother's diet to her milk and to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of this phenomenon. METHODS AND RESULTS Eleven breastfeeding women were included in this controlled case study. Volunteers followed a Q-restricted diet for 5 consecutive days with the exception of the 3rd day when they received a single meal providing 1 mg of Q per kg of body weight. Urine analysis showed the presence of Q already in the first collected samples after the test (1.5-4 h), which indicated its rapid absorption from the meal. The Cmax = 68 ± 8.44 nmol/L concentration of Q in the milk was calculated for Tmax = 11.89 ± 3.37 h. It was significantly different (p = 0.007) from 40 nmol/L and (p = 0.016) from 42 nmol/L of Q concentration before and 48 h after the test, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Q was shown to be a component of human milk at the nmol/L level. Infants breastfed by mothers consuming a diet rich in Q are exposed to a dose of approximately 0.01 mg of Q daily.
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Rein MJ, Renouf M, Cruz-Hernandez C, Actis-Goretta L, Thakkar SK, da Silva Pinto M. Bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: a challenging journey to bioefficacy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:588-602. [PMID: 22897361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability is a key step in ensuring bioefficacy of bioactive food compounds or oral drugs. Bioavailability is a complex process involving several different stages: liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination phases (LADME). Bioactive food compounds, whether derived from various plant or animal sources, need to be bioavailable in order to exert any beneficial effects. Through a better understanding of the digestive fate of bioactive food compounds we can impact the promotion of health and improvement of performance. Many varying factors affect bioavailability, such as bioaccessibility, food matrix effect, transporters, molecular structures and metabolizing enzymes. Bioefficacy may be improved through enhanced bioavailability. Therefore, several technologies have been developed to improve the bioavailability of xenobiotics, including structural modifications, nanotechnology and colloidal systems. Due to the complex nature of food bioactive compounds and also to the different mechanisms of absorption of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds, unravelling the bioavailability of food constituents is challenging. Among the food sources discussed during this review, coffee, tea, citrus fruit and fish oil were included as sources of food bioactive compounds (e.g. (poly)phenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)) since they are examples of important ingredients for the food industry. Although there are many studies reporting on bioavailability and bioefficacy of these bioactive food components, understanding their interactions, metabolism and mechanism of action still requires extensive work. This review focuses on some of the major factors affecting the bioavailability of the aforementioned bioactive food compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit J Rein
- Nutrient Bioavailability Group, Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wu W, Jamshidi N, Eraly SA, Liu HC, Bush KT, Palsson BO, Nigam SK. Multispecific drug transporter Slc22a8 (Oat3) regulates multiple metabolic and signaling pathways. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1825-34. [PMID: 23920220 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.052647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispecific drug transporters of the solute carrier and ATP-binding cassette families are highly conserved through evolution, but their true physiologic role remains unclear. Analyses of the organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3; encoded by Slc22a8/Oat3, originally Roct) knockout mouse have confirmed its critical role in the renal handling of common drugs (e.g., antibiotics, antivirals, diuretics) and toxins. Previous targeted metabolomics of the knockout of the closely related Oat1 have demonstrated a central metabolic role, but the same approach with Oat3 failed to reveal a similar set of endogenous substrates. Nevertheless, the Oat3 knockout is the only Oat described so far with a physiologically significant phenotype, suggesting the disturbance of metabolic or signaling pathways. Here we analyzed global gene expression in Oat3 knockout tissue, which implicated OAT3 in phase I and phase II metabolism (drug metabolizing enzymes or DMEs), as well as signaling pathways. Metabolic reconstruction with the recently developed "mouse Recon1" supported the involvement of Oat3 in the aforementioned pathways. Untargeted metabolomics were used to determine whether the predicted metabolic alterations could be confirmed. Many significant changes were observed; several metabolites were tested for direct interaction with mOAT3, whereas others were supported by published data. Oat3 thus appears critical for the handling of phase I (hydroxylation) and phase II (glucuronidation) metabolites. Oat3 also plays a role in bioenergetic pathways (e.g., the tricarboxylic acid cycle), as well as those involving vitamins (e.g., folate), steroids, prostaglandins, gut microbiome products, uremic toxins, cyclic nucleotides, amino acids, glycans, and possibly hyaluronic acid. The data seemingly consistent with the Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis (Ahn and Nigam, 2009; Wu et al., 2011), also suggests that Oat3 is essential for the handling of dietary flavonoids and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics (H.C.L., K.T.B., S.K.N.), Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (W.W., S.A.E., S.K.N.), Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), and Bioengineering (N.J., B.O.P., S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Gupta VK, Bhalla Y, Jaitak V. Impact of ABC transporters, glutathione conjugates in MDR and their modulation by flavonoids: an overview. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Absorption and isomerization of caffeoylquinic acids from different foods using ileostomist volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:159-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Boese AD, Codorniu-Hernández E. Cross-talk between amino acid residues and flavonoid derivatives: insights into their chemical recognition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15682-92. [PMID: 23086511 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a general consensus that flavonoids exert their antioxidant activity through their ability to interact with a broad range of proteins, enzymes and transcription factors rather than acting as conventional hydrogen-donating antioxidants. For this, the effect of different chemical groups of the conjugated flavonoid metabolites is apparently playing a pivotal role. Yet, many questions concerning the relevant molecular mechanisms still remain open. It is therefore crucial to gain a deeper insight into the amino acid residue-flavonoid interaction. Here we show extensive theoretical thermodynamic data and structural characteristics of the interaction of chalcone, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, and quercetin and some of its metabolites with amino acid residues. By correlating (a) the binding energies of flavonoids-amino acid residues, (b) the hydrophobicity of amino acids, and (c) the abundance of amino acid residues in the binding sites of proteins, we can conclude that flavonoids appear to be strongly bonded to only few charged hydrophilic amino acids in the protein pockets, and rather weakly bonded to the majority of amino acid residues in the binding sites. This finding strongly impacts the understanding of the chemical recognition of flavonoids and their metabolites in their interaction with proteins and would contribute to a better design of further experimental studies. Particularly, the amino acids Phe, Leu, Ile and Trp seem to play a crucial role in the dynamics of flavonoid ligands in the binding sites of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Boese
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
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Jiang W, Hu M. Mutual interactions between flavonoids and enzymatic and transporter elements responsible for flavonoid disposition via phase II metabolic pathways. RSC Adv 2012; 2:7948-7963. [PMID: 25400909 PMCID: PMC4228968 DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, existing mainly as glycosides in nature, have multiple "claimed" beneficial effects in humans. Flavonoids are extensively metabolized in enterocytes and hepatocytes by phase II enzymes such as UGTs and SULTs to form glucuronides and sulfates, respectively. These glucuronides and sulfates are subsequently excreted via ABC transporters (e.g., MRP2 or BCRP). Therefore, it is the interplay between phase II enzymes and efflux transporters that affects the disposition of flavonoids and leads to the low bioavailability of flavonoid aglycones. Flavonoids can also serve as chemical regulators that affect the activity or expression levels of phase II enzymes including UGTs, SULTs and GSTs, and transporters including P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, OATP and OAT. In general, flavonoids may exert the inhibitory or inductive effects on the phase II enzymes and transporters via multiple mechanisms that may involve different nuclear receptors. Since flavonoids may affect the metabolic pathways shared by many important clinical drugs, drug-flavonoid interaction is becoming an increasingly important concern. This review article focused on the disposition of flavonoids and effects of flavonoids on relevant enzymes (e.g. UGTs and SULTs) and transporters (e.g. MRP2 and BCRP) involved in the interplay between phase II enzymes and efflux transporters. The effects of flavonoids on other metabolic enzymes (e.g. GSTs) or transporters (e.g. P-gp, OATP and OAT) are also addressed but that is not the emphasis of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA ; Pharmaceutics Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wong CC, Akiyama Y, Abe T, Lippiat JD, Orfila C, Williamson G. Carrier-mediated transport of quercetin conjugates: Involvement of organic anion transporters and organic anion transporting polypeptides. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:564-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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A new herb-drug interaction of Polygonum cuspidatum, a resveratrol-rich nutraceutical, with carbamazepine in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:315-22. [PMID: 22813711 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic with narrow therapeutic window, is a substrate of CYP 3A which metabolizes CBZ to carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE), an active metabolite. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of Polygonum cuspidatum (PC), a resveratrol-rich nutraceutical, on the pharmacokinetics of CBZ in rats and the underlying mechanisms. Rats were orally administered CBZ (200 mg/kg) alone and coadministered with a single dose and the 7th dose of PC (2 g/kg) in a crossover design. The concentrations of CBZ and CBZE in serum and various tissues were determined by HPLC method. The results showed that PC significantly increased the AUC(0-t) of CBZ and CBZE, whereas the formation rate of CBZE was decreased. Tissue analysis showed that the concentrations of CBZ and CBZE in brain, liver and kidney were significantly increased by PC. Cell studies indicated that the efflux function of MRP 2 was inhibited by the serum metabolites of PC. In conclusion, PC markedly increased the systemic exposure and brain concentration of CBZ and CBZE through inhibiting the activities of CYP 3A and MRP 2.
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Brand W, Oosterhuis B, Krajcsi P, Barron D, Dionisi F, Bladeren PJ, Rietjens IMCM, Williamson G. Interaction of hesperetin glucuronide conjugates with human BCRP, MRP2 and MRP3 as detected in membrane vesicles of overexpressing baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:530-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denis Barron
- Nestlé Research Center; Nestec Ltd; Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO Box 44, 1000; Lausanne; 26; Switzerland
| | - Fabiola Dionisi
- Nestlé Research Center; Nestec Ltd; Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO Box 44, 1000; Lausanne; 26; Switzerland
| | | | - Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology; Wageningen University; PO Box 8000; 6700 EA; Wageningen; The Netherlands
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Moroy G, Martiny VY, Vayer P, Villoutreix BO, Miteva MA. Toward in silico structure-based ADMET prediction in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:44-55. [PMID: 22056716 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods and related approaches have been used to investigate the molecular features that influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of drugs. As the three-dimensional structures of several major ADMET proteins become available, structure-based (docking-scoring) computations can be carried out to complement or to go beyond QSAR studies. Applying docking-scoring methods to ADMET proteins is a challenging process because they usually have a large and flexible binding cavity; however, promising results relating to metabolizing enzymes have been reported. After reviewing current trends in the field we applied structure-based methods in the context of receptor flexibility in a case study involving the phase II metabolizing sulfotransferases. Overall, the explored concepts and results suggested that structure-based ADMET profiling will probably join the mainstream during the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Moroy
- Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 35 Rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France
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Li Y, Revalde JL, Reid G, Paxton JW. Interactions of dietary phytochemicals with ABC transporters: possible implications for drug disposition and multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 42:590-611. [PMID: 20433315 DOI: 10.3109/03602531003758690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Common foods, such as fruits and vegetables, contain a large variety of secondary metabolites known as phytochemicals, many of which have been associated with health benefits. However, there is a limited knowledge of the processes by which these, mainly charged, phytochemicals (and/or their metabolites) are absorbed into the body, reach their biological target, and how they are eliminated. Recent studies have indicated that some of these phytochemicals are substrates and modulators of specific members of the superfamily of ABC transporting proteins. In this review, we present the reported interactions between the different classes of phytochemicals and ABC transporters and the mechanism by which they modulate the activity of these transporters. We also discuss the implications that such interactions may have on the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics and the possible role of phytochemicals in the reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wong CC, Barron D, Orfila C, Dionisi F, Krajcsi P, Williamson G. Interaction of hydroxycinnamic acids and their conjugates with organic anion transporters and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:979-88. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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