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Choi HY, Le DD, Kim WG. Curvularin Isolated From Phoma macrostoma Is an Antagonist of RhlR Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913882. [PMID: 35903467 PMCID: PMC9315252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is an attractive target for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, against which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Because LasR is at the top of the QS hierarchy controlling Rhl and PQS systems, most QS inhibitors have been targeted to LasR. However, it has recently been reported that in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, LasR is frequently mutated and nonfunctional, and RhlR independently acts to produce virulent factors that maintain toxicity. Thus, for effective treatment of chronic cystic fibrosis infections, RhlR antagonists is needed to prevent the LasR-independent Rhl system, but RhlR antagonists have rarely been reported. In this study, we found that curvularin, an aromatic compound with a cyclized alkyl side chain isolated from Phoma macrostoma, at a low micromolar concentration of 1–30 μM potently and selectively inhibited pyocyanin and rhamnolipid production without affecting the cell viability of P. aeruginosa. Only high concentration (more over 100 μM) curvularin negligibly inhibited biofilm formation and elastase production, suggesting that curvularin at low concentrations selectively inhibits RhlR. The QS antagonism by curvularin was investigated in experiments using QS competition and signaling molecules assays with QS gene expression analysis, and the results showed that, indeed, at low concentrations, curvularin selectively antagonized RhlR; in contrast, it negligibly antagonized LasR only when applied at a high concentration. The exclusive RhlR antagonizing activity of curvularin at low concentrations was confirmed using QS mutants; specifically, curvularin at low concentrations inhibited pyocyanin and rhamnolipid production by selectively antagonizing N-butanoyl homoserine lactone (BHL)-activated RhlR. Moreover, by targeting RhlR, curvularin reduced the in vivo virulence of wild-type P. aeruginosa as well as lasR mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans. Overall, low-concentration curvularin is a pure RhlR antagonist in P. aeruginosa, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing an RhlR antagonist from natural resources. Hence, curvularin has great potential for the development of chronic P. aeruginosa infection therapeutics and for the study of RhlR function in the complex QS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Choi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Duc Dat Le
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won-Gon Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Won-Gon Kim,
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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Saurin S, Meineck M, Erkel G, Opatz T, Weinmann-Menke J, Pautz A. Drug Candidates for Autoimmune Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:503. [PMID: 35631330 PMCID: PMC9143092 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the immunosuppressive drugs used in the clinic to prevent organ rejection or to treat autoimmune disorders were originally isolated from fungi or bacteria. Therefore, in addition to plants, these are valuable sources for identification of new potent drugs. Many side effects of established drugs limit their usage and make the identification of new immunosuppressants necessary. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of natural products with potent anti-inflammatory activities that have been tested successfully in different models of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Some of these candidates already have passed first clinical trials. The anti-inflammatory potency of these natural products was often comparable to those of established drugs, and they could be used at least in addition to standard therapy to reduce their dose to minimize unwanted side effects. A frequent mode of action is the inhibition of classical inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, in combination with downregulation of oxidative stress. A drawback for the therapeutic use of those natural products is their moderate bioavailability, which can be optimized by chemical modifications and, in addition, further safety studies are necessary. Altogether, very interesting candidate compounds exist which have the potential to serve as starting points for the development of new immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Saurin
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Myriam Meineck
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technical University, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Nandy M, Das S, Nanda S. Cyclobutane based "overbred intermediates" and their exploration in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1582-1622. [PMID: 35089299 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02361f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
"Overbred intermediates" have been used in organic synthesis for a long time, but these intermediates are not categorized as such. This name was given recently in Hoffman's book Elements of Synthesis Planning. These intermediates are very useful to synthesize complex carbocyclic molecules. A number of powerful and efficient strategies have been developed by using overbred intermediates through innovative fragmentative transformations. This review is based on four-member overbred intermediates (cyclobutane based) that have been used in the total synthesis of natural products from 1968 to 2020. In the initial part, we have discussed synthetic methods (photochemical, metal-mediated, and other miscellaneous transformations) for the construction of cyclobutane overbred intermediates. In the later section, we have discussed how the overbred skeleton is cleaved through numerous fragmentation methods to access the desired target structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monosij Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Swagata Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Samik Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Radha Krishna M, Sridhar G, Syed T, Jayaprakash HV. Stereoselective total synthesis of (-)-curvularin. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1979043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muniganti Radha Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, India
| | - Gattu Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal, India
| | - Tasqeeruddin Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. V. Jayaprakash
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, India
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Allu SR, Banne S, Jiang J, Qi N, Guo J, He Y. A Unified Synthetic Approach to Optically Pure Curvularin-Type Metabolites. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7227-7237. [PMID: 31083915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A unified and concise approach to the synthesis of nine curvularin-type metabolites and two analogues has been developed with few steps and high yields. Among them, sumalactones A-D were synthesized for the first time. The key steps in this approach included esterification, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and ring-closing metathesis (or cross metathesis).
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curvularin-Type Metabolites from a Marine-Derived Fungal Strain Penicillium sp. SF-5859 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090282. [PMID: 28869509 PMCID: PMC5618421 DOI: 10.3390/md15090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical study on the extract of a marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium sp. SF-5859 yielded a new curvularin derivative (1), along with eight known curvularin-type polyketides (2–9). The structures of these metabolites (1–9) were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of these metabolites were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Among these metabolites, 3–9 were shown to strongly inhibit LPS-induced overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with IC50 values ranging from 1.9 μM to 18.1 μM, and from 2.8 μM to 18.7 μM, respectively. In the further evaluation of signal pathways involved in these effects, the most active compound, (10E,15S)-10,11-dehydrocurvularin (8) attenuated the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, compound 8 was shown to suppress the upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines via the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, but not through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Based on the comparisons of the different magnitude of the anti-inflammatory effects of these structurally-related metabolites, it was suggested that the opening of the 12-membered lactone ring in curvularin-type metabolites and blocking the phenol functionality led to the significant decrease in their anti-inflammatory activity.
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8
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Fatima N, Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Marler LE, Jadoon M, Qazi MA, Mehboob Mirza H, Khan I, Atiq N, Chang LC, Ahmed S, Pezzuto JM. Endophytic fungi associated with Taxus fuana (West Himalayan Yew) of Pakistan: potential bio-resources for cancer chemopreventive agents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2547-2554. [PMID: 27159021 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1170154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endophytic fungi, being a prolific source of bioactive secondary metabolites, are of great interest for natural product discovery. OBJECTIVE Isolation and partial characterization of endophytic fungi inhabiting the leaves and woody parts of Taxus fuana Nan Li & R.R. Mill. (Taxaceae) and evaluation of biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endophytic fungal isolates were identified by molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of 18S rDNA. Extracts of the endophytic fungi cultured on potato dextrose agar and modified medium were evaluated using cancer chemoprevention bioassays [inhibition of TNF-α-induced NFκB, aromatase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); induction of quinone reductase 1 (QR1)] and growth inhibition with MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Nine of 15 fungal isolates were identified as belonging to Epicoccum, Mucor, Penicillium, Chaetomium, Paraconiothriym, Plectania or Trichoderma. Five of the 15 extracts inhibited NFκB activity (IC50 values ranging between 0.18 and 17 μg/mL) and five inhibited iNOS (IC50 values ranging between 0.32 and 12.9 μg/mL). In the aromatase assay, only two isolates mediated inhibition (IC50 values 12.2 and 10.5 μg/mL). With QR1 induction, three extracts exhibited significant activity (concentrations to double activity values ranging between 0.20 and 5.5 μg/mL), and five extracts inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells (IC50 values ranging from 0.56 to 17.5 μg/mL). Six active cultures were derived from woody parts of the plant material. CONCLUSION The endophytic fungi studied are capable of producing pharmacologically active natural compounds. In particular, isolates derived from the wood of Taxus fuana should be prioritized for the isolation and characterization of bioactive constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Fatima
- a Department of Biotechnology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
- b Department of Microbiology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy , University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo , HI , USA
| | - Tamara P Kondratyuk
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy , University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo , HI , USA
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy , University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo , HI , USA
| | - Laura E Marler
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy , University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo , HI , USA
| | - Muniba Jadoon
- b Department of Microbiology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muneer Ahmed Qazi
- b Department of Microbiology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Hira Mehboob Mirza
- b Department of Microbiology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Khan
- b Department of Microbiology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Naima Atiq
- b Department of Microbiology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Leng Chee Chang
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy , University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo , HI , USA
| | - Safia Ahmed
- b Department of Microbiology , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - John M Pezzuto
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy , University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo , HI , USA
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9
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Jiang Q, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Wang L, Wang L, Yue F, Wang J, Wang H, Song L. Transcriptional activation and translocation of ancient NOS during immune response. FASEB J 2016; 30:3527-3540. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500193rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's SeaMinistry of AgricultureDalian Ocean University Dalian China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Feng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's SeaMinistry of AgricultureDalian Ocean University Dalian China
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Tillotson J, Bashyal BP, Kang M, Shi T, De La Cruz F, Gunatilaka AAL, Chapman E. Selective inhibition of p97 by chlorinated analogues of dehydrocurvularin. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5918-21. [PMID: 27223265 PMCID: PMC5466822 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ATPase p97 is a ubiquitin targeted segregase that uses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to extract ubiquitylated substrates from biological membranes, from other proteins, or from protein complexes to carry out myriad tasks in eukaryotes. Increased p97 activity has been linked to a poor prognosis in cancer patients, making p97 an anti-neoplastic target. In the present study, we show that dehydrocurvularin (DHC) and its chlorinated variants are covalent inhibitors of p97, interfering with its ATPase activity. Interestingly, cellular studies revealed both DHC and its monochloro analogue interfere with both the proteasome and p97, whereas its dichloro analogue showed p97 specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tillotson
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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de Castro MV, Ióca LP, Williams DE, Costa BZ, Mizuno CM, Santos MFC, de Jesus K, Ferreira ÉLF, Seleghim MHR, Sette LD, Pereira Filho ER, Ferreira AG, Gonçalves NS, Santos RA, Patrick BO, Andersen RJ, Berlinck RGS. Condensation of Macrocyclic Polyketides Produced by Penicillium sp. DRF2 with Mercaptopyruvate Represents a New Fungal Detoxification Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1668-1678. [PMID: 27227682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of a refined procedure of experimental design and chemometric analysis to improve the production of curvularin-related polyketides by a marine-derived Penicillium sp. DRF2 resulted in the isolation and identification of cyclothiocurvularins 6-8 and cyclosulfoxicurvularins 10 and 11, novel curvularins condensed with a mercaptolactate residue. Two additional new curvularins, 3 and 4, are also reported. The structures of the sulfur-bearing curvularins were unambiguously established by analysis of spectroscopic data and by X-ray diffraction analysis. Analysis of stable isotope feeding experiments with [U-(13)C3(15)N]-l-cysteine confirmed the presence of the 2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropanoic acid residue in 6-8 and the oxidized sulfoxide in 10 and 11. Cyclothiocurvularins A (6) and B (7) are formed by spontaneous reaction between 10,11-dehydrocurvularin (2) and mercaptopyruvate (12) obtained by transamination of cysteine. High ratios of [U-(13)C3(15)N]-l-cysteine incorporation into cyclothiocurvularin B (7), the isolation of two diastereomers of cyclothiocurvularins, the lack of cytotoxicity of cyclothiocurvularin B (7) and its methyl ester (8), and the spontaneous formation of cyclothiocurvularins from 10,11-dehydrocurvularin and mercaptopyruvate provide evidence that the formation of cyclothiocurvularins may well correspond to a 10,11-dehydrocurvularin detoxification process by Penicillium sp. DRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V de Castro
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Bruna Z Costa
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Caixa Postal 6154, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Mizuno
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario F C Santos
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen de Jesus
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Éverton L F Ferreira
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara D Sette
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Edenir R Pereira Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália S Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Franca , Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201. Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel A Santos
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Franca , Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201. Pq. Universitário, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Choe H, Pham TT, Lee JY, Latif M, Park H, Kang YK, Lee J. Remote Stereoinductive Intramolecular Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition: Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of (-)-11β-Hydroxycurvularin. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2612-7. [PMID: 26894643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis and structure revision of (-)-11β-hydroxycurvularin (1b), a macrolide possessing a β-hydroxyketone moiety, were accomplished. The β-hydroxyketone moiety in this natural product was introduced by cleavage of the N-O bond in an isoxazoline ring that was formed diastereoselectively in a 1,5-remote stereocontrolled fashion by employing intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjeong Choe
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Trang Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University , 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yun Lee
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeil Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University , 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University , 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University , 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
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Cochrane RVK, Gao Z, Lambkin GR, Xu W, Winter JM, Marcus SL, Tang Y, Vederas JC. Comparison of 10,11-Dehydrocurvularin Polyketide Synthases from Alternaria cinerariae and Aspergillus terreus Highlights Key Structural Motifs. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2479-83. [PMID: 26493380 PMCID: PMC4804156 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iterative type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) from fungi are multifunctional enzymes that use their active sites repeatedly in a highly ordered sequence to assemble complex natural products. A phytotoxic macrolide with anticancer properties, 10,11-dehydrocurvularin (DHC), is produced by cooperation of a highly reducing (HR) iterative PKS and a non-reducing (NR) iterative PKS. We have identified the DHC gene cluster in Alternaria cinerariae, heterologously expressed the active HR PKS (Dhc3) and NR PKS (Dhc5) in yeast, and compared them to corresponding proteins that make DHC in Aspergillus terreus. Phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling of these enzymes identified variable surfaces and conserved motifs that are implicated in product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V K Cochrane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Zhizeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gareth R Lambkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Winter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Sandra L Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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14
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Ding Z, Zhang L, Fu J, Che Q, Li D, Gu Q, Zhu T. Phenylpyropenes E and F: new meroterpenes from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium concentricum ZLQ-69. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:748-51. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Shen W, Mao H, Huang Q, Dong J. Benzenediol lactones: a class of fungal metabolites with diverse structural features and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:747-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Chang SH, Hwang CS, Yin JH, Chen SD, Yang DI. Oncostatin M-dependent Mcl-1 induction mediated by JAK1/2-STAT1/3 and CREB contributes to bioenergetic improvements and protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction in cortical neurons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2306-25. [PMID: 25986861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, has been proposed to play a protective role in the central nervous system, such as attenuation of excitotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and glutamate. However, the potential neuroprotective effects of OSM against mitochondrial dysfunction have never been reported. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that OSM may confer neuronal resistance against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a plant toxin that irreversibly inhibits the complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and characterized the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that OSM preconditioning dose- and time-dependently protected cortical neurons against 3-NP toxicity. OSM stimulated expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member expressed in differentiating myeloid cells, that required prior phosphorylation of Janus kinase-1 (JAK1), JAK2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), STAT1, and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Pharmacological inhibitors of JAK1, JAK2, ERK1/2, STAT3, STAT1, and CREB as well as the siRNA targeting at STAT3 and Mcl-1 all abolished OSM-dependent 3-NP resistance. Finally, OSM-dependent Mcl-1 induction contributed to the enhancements of mitochondrial bioenergetics including increases in spare respiratory capacity and ATP production. In conclusion, our findings indicated that OSM induces Mcl-1 expression via activation of ERK1/2, JAK1/2, STAT1/3, and CREB; furthermore, OSM-mediated Mcl-1 induction contributes to bioenergetic improvements and neuroprotective effects against 3-NP toxicity in cortical neurons. OSM may thus serve as a novel neuroprotective agent against mitochondrial dysfunction commonly associated with pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Haw Yin
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Tauber J, Rudolph K, Rohr M, Erkel G, Opatz T. Synthetic Approaches to Anti-Inflammatory Macrolactones of the Oxacyclododecindione Type. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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4-Dechloro-14-deoxy-oxacyclododecindione and 14-deoxy-oxacylododecindione, two inhibitors of inducible connective tissue growth factor expression from the imperfect fungus Exserohilum rostratum. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:556-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Shan WG, Ying YM, Ma LF, Zhan ZJ. Drimane-Related Merosesquiterpenoids, a Promising Library of Metabolites for Drug Development. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63473-3.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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The fungal lactone oxacyclododecindione is a potential new therapeutic substance in the treatment of lupus-associated kidney disease. Kidney Int 2014; 86:780-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Xu J, Jiang CS, Zhang ZL, Ma WQ, Guo YW. Recent progress regarding the bioactivities, biosynthesis and synthesis of naturally occurring resorcinolic macrolides. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:316-30. [PMID: 24464049 PMCID: PMC4647893 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides, which comprise a family of lactones with different ring sizes, belong to the polyketide class of natural products. Resorcinolic macrolides, an important subgroup, possess interesting structures and exhibit a wide variety of bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, anti-bacteria, and anti-malaria activities, etc. This review summarizes progress in isolation, bioactivity studies, biosynthesis, and representative chemical syntheses of this group of macrolides in recent decades, encompassing 63 naturally occurring macrolides published in 120 articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
- Weifang Biomedical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Service Center, Weifang 261205, China
| | - Cheng-shi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zai-long Zhang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wen-quan Ma
- Weifang Biomedical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Service Center, Weifang 261205, China
| | - Yue-wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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22
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Meng LH, Li XM, Lv CT, Li CS, Xu GM, Huang CG, Wang BG. Sulfur-containing cytotoxic curvularin macrolides from Penicillium sumatrense MA-92, a fungus obtained from the rhizosphere of the mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2145-2149. [PMID: 24195466 DOI: 10.1021/np400614f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sumalarins A-C (1-3), the new and rare examples of sulfur-containing curvularin derivatives, along with three known analogues (4-6), were isolated and identified from the cytotoxic extract of Penicillium sumatrense MA-92, a fungus obtained from the rhizosphere of the mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa . Their structures were established by detailed interpretation of NMR and MS data, and compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1-3 and 5 showed potent cytotoxicity against some of the tested tumor cell lines. Sulfur substitution at C-11 or a double bond at C-10 significantly increased the cytotoxic activities of the curvularin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
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23
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Rudolph K, Serwe A, Erkel G. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling by the fungal lactones (S)-curvularin, dehydrocurvularin, oxacyclododecindione and galiellalactone. Cytokine 2013; 61:285-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Schmidt N, Art J, Forsch I, Werner A, Erkel G, Jung M, Horke S, Kleinert H, Pautz A. The anti-inflammatory fungal compound (S)-curvularin reduces proinflammatory gene expression in an in vivo model of rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:106-14. [PMID: 22767531 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.192047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we identified the fungal macrocyclic lactone (S)-curvularin (SC) as an anti-inflammatory agent using a screening system detecting inhibitors of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether SC is able to decrease proinflammatory gene expression in an in vivo model of a chronic inflammatory disease. Therefore, the effects of SC and dexamethasone were compared in the model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Total genomic microarray analyses were performed to identify SC target genes. In addition, in human C28/I2 chondrocytes and MonoMac6 monocytes, the effect of SC on proinflammatory gene expression was tested at the mRNA and protein level. In the CIA model, SC markedly reduced the expression of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in the pathogenesis of CIA as well as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In almost all cases, the effects of SC were comparable with those of dexamethasone. In microarray analyses, we identified additional new therapeutic targets of SC. Some of them, such as S100A8, myeloperoxidase, or cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide, are known to be implicated in pathophysiological processes in RA. Similar anti-inflammatory effects of SC were also observed in human C28/I2 chondrocyte cells, which are resistant to glucocorticoid treatment. These data indicate that SC and glucocorticoid effects are mediated via independent signal transduction pathways. In summary, we demonstrate that SC is a new effective anti-inflammatory compound that may serve as a lead compound for the development of new drugs for the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Zearalenone/analogs & derivatives
- Zearalenone/pharmacology
- Zearalenone/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Liu BH, Chi JY, Hsiao YW, Tsai KD, Lee YJ, Lin CC, Hsu SC, Yang SM, Lin TH. The fungal metabolite, citrinin, inhibits lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production in glomerular mesangial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1608-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Xia N, Bollinger L, Steinkamp-Fenske K, Förstermann U, Li H. Prunella vulgaris L. Upregulates eNOS expression in human endothelial cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 38:599-611. [PMID: 20503475 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10008081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purported effects of "circulation-improving" herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) show striking similarities with the vascular actions of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). We have previously reported that Salviae miltiorrhizae radix and Zizyphi spinosae semen upregulate eNOS expression. In the present study, we studied the effect on eNOS gene expression of 15 Chinese herbs with potential effects on the vasculature, and identified Prunella vulgaris L. (PVL) (flowering spike) as a potent eNOS-upregulating agent. In EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), an aqueous extract of PVL increased eNOS promoter activity, eNOS mRNA and protein expressions, as well as NO production in concentration- and time-dependent manners. We have previously shown that ursolic acid (a constituent of Salviae miltiorrhizae radix), betulinic acid (a compound present in Zizyphi spinosae semen), luteolin and cynaroside (ingredients of artichoke, Cynara scolymus L.) are capable of enhancing eNOS gene expression. These compounds are also present in significant quantities in PVL. Thus, PVL contains active principles that stimulate human eNOS gene expression, and such compounds may have therapeutic potential against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Tadross PM, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Aryne Acyl-Alkylation in the General and Convergent Synthesis of Benzannulated Macrolactone Natural Products: An Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Curvularin. Org Lett 2010; 12:1612-4. [PMID: 20196572 DOI: 10.1021/ol100335y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M. Tadross
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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28
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Schmidt N, Pautz A, Art J, Rauschkolb P, Jung M, Erkel G, Goldring MB, Kleinert H. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of iNOS expression in human chondrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 79:722-32. [PMID: 19854161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes are important for the development and maintenance of articular cartilage. However, both in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) chondrocytes are involved in the process of cartilage degradation and synthesize important immunomodulatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) generated by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS). To uncover the role of iNOS in the pathomechanisms of OA and RA, we analyzed the regulation of iNOS expression using immortalized human chondrocytes as a reproducible model. In C-28/I2 chondrocytes, iNOS expression was associated with the expression of the chondrocyte phenotype. Peak induction by a cytokine cocktail occurred between 6 and 8h and declined by 24h. Inhibition of p38MAPK, NF-kappaB and the JAK2-STAT-1alpha pathways resulted in a reduction of iNOS expression. In contrast to other cell types, the cytokine-mediated induction of the human iNOS promoter paralleled the induction rate of the iNOS mRNA expression in C-28/I2 chondrocytes. However, in addition post-transcriptional regulation of iNOS expression by the RNA binding protein KSRP seems to operate in these cells. As seen in other chondrocyte models, glucocorticoids were not able to inhibit cytokine-induced iNOS expression in C-28/I2 cells, due to the lack of the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression. In this model of glucocorticoid-resistance, the new fungal anti-inflammatory compound S-curvularin was able to inhibit cytokine-induced iNOS expression and iNOS-dependent NO-production. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that differentiated human immortalized C-28/I2 chondrocytes are a representative cell culture model to investigate iNOS gene expression in human joint diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/enzymology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/enzymology
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Enzyme Induction
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Humans
- Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/drug effects
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Zearalenone/analogs & derivatives
- Zearalenone/pharmacology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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29
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Xie LW, Ouyang YC, Zou K, Wang GH, Chen MJ, Sun HM, Dai SK, Li X. Isolation and Difference in Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Bioactivity of Curvularin Derivates from Fungus Eupenicillium sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 159:284-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Motohashi K, Hashimoto J, Inaba S, Khan ST, Komaki H, Nagai A, Takagi M, Shin-ya K. New sesquiterpenes, JBIR-27 and -28, isolated from a tunicate-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. SS080624SCf1. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:247-50. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Elzner S, Schmidt D, Schollmeyer D, Erkel G, Anke T, Kleinert H, Förstermann U, Kunz H. Inhibitors of inducible NO synthase expression: total synthesis of (S)-curvularin and its ring homologues. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:924-39. [PMID: 18366037 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
(S)-Curvularin and its 13-, 14-, and 16-membered lactone homologues were synthesized through a uniform strategy in which a Kochi oxidative decarboxylation and ring-closing metathesis reactions constitute the key processes. In the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of the synthesized compounds in assays using cells stably transfected with a human iNOS promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct, the 14- and 16-membered homologues showed a slightly higher inhibitory effect towards iNOS promoter activity than curvularin itself. However, the larger ring homologues also exhibited higher cytotoxicity, manifest in downregulated eNOS promoter activity. In contrast, the di-O-acetyl and 4-chloro derivatives of (S)-curvularin showed higher inhibitory efficiency towards induction of the iNOS promoter and less negative effect on eNOS promoter activity than curvularin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Elzner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Naturstoffsynthese-Zentrum, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Guo L, Guo H, Gao C, Mi Z, Russell WB, Kuo PC. Stat1 acetylation inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in interferon-gamma-treated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Surgery 2007; 142:156-62. [PMID: 17689680 PMCID: PMC2034510 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2007.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that acetylation of the Stat1 regulates interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mediated macrophage expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). METHODS RAW 264.7 iNOS expression was induced with IFN-gamma. Deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) or valproic acid (VPA) were added. Stat1 and iNOS mRNA and protein were measured. Acetylated Stat1 was determined by immunoprecipitation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assessed in vivo binding of Stat1 to the iNOS promoter. RESULTS IFN-gamma significantly increased nitrite, iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA, and iNOS promoter activation. (P < .01 vs control for nitrite, protein, and mRNA). TSA-mediated acetylation decreased these to levels that were not different from controls. IFN-gamma increased acetylated Stat1 by 5-fold (P < .02 vs control); TSA + IFN-gamma caused an additional 4-fold increase in acetylated Stat1 (P < .05 vs IFN alone). Stat1 binding to the iNOS promoter increased 8-fold with IFN-gamma (P < .01 vs control). In TSA + IFN-gamma, Stat1 binding was not different from controls. Although less potent than TSA, VPA also significantly decreased nitrite, iNOS protein, iNOS mRNA, Stat1 acetylation, and Stat1 binding. CONCLUSIONS Acetylation of Stat1 protein correlates with decreased Stat1 binding to the iNOS promoter with resultant inhibition of IFN-gamma-mediated iNOS expression. Acetylation of the Stat1 protein may downregulate iNOS expression in proinflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Guo
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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34
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Rether J, Serwe A, Anke T, Erkel G. Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirin. Biol Chem 2007; 388:627-37. [PMID: 17552910 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2007.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
TNF-alpha is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates further cytokine induction, especially of IL-1 and IL-6, in many human diseases including cancer, inflammation and immune disorders. In a search for new inhibitors of inducible TNF-alpha promoter activity and expression, cultures of the imperfect fungus Trichoderma harzianum were found to produce gliovirin, a previously isolated epipolythiodiketopiperazine. Gliovirin inhibited inducible TNF-alpha promoter activity and synthesis in LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages/monocytes and Jurkat T-cells, co-stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)/ionomycin, in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50) values ranging from 0.21 to 2.1 microM (0.1-1 microg/ml). Studies on the mode of action revealed that gliovirin suppresses TNF-alpha synthesis by inhibiting the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), thereby blocking the pathway leading to activation of the transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB, the latter of which is involved in the inducible expression of many pro-inflammatory genes. Gliovirin also significantly reduced TPA/ionomycin-induced IL-2 mRNA levels and synthesis in Jurkat cells at low micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rether
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung e.V., Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Sunazuka T, Omura S. Total synthesis of alpha-pyrone meroterpenoids, novel bioactive microbial metabolites. Chem Rev 2006; 105:4559-80. [PMID: 16351054 DOI: 10.1021/cr040628i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, and The Kitasato Institute, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Japan
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Shiao YJ, Lin YL, Sun YH, Chi CW, Chen CF, Wang CN. Falcarindiol impairs the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by abrogating the activation of IKK and JAK in rat primary astrocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144:42-51. [PMID: 15644867 PMCID: PMC1575975 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of falcarindiol on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma) in rat primary astrocytes were investigated. The molecular mechanisms underlying falcarindiol that confers its effect on iNOS expression were also elucidated. Falcarindiol abrogated the LPS/IFN-gamma-mediated induction of iNOS by about 80%. Falcarindiol attenuated the induction of iNOS in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of falcarindiol on iNOS induction was attributable to decrease in the protein content and the mRNA level of iNOS. Treatment with 50 microM of falcarindiol for 30 min decreased LPS/IFN-gamma-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation by 32%. Treatment with 50 microM of falcarindiol for 60 min diminished the LPS/IFN-gamma-mediated activation of IkappaB kinase-alpha (IKK-alpha) and IKK-beta by 28.2 and 29.7%, respectively. Falcarindiol modulated the nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) in a time-dependent manner. Falcarindiol (50 microM) decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation of janus kinase 1 (JAK1) by 84.8% at 5 min. Falcarindiol also abrogated the tyrosine phoshorylation of JAK2 by 82.3% at 10 min.The present study demonstrates that falcarindiol attenuated the activation of IKK and JAK contributing to the blockade of activation of NF-kappaB and Stat1, thereby leading to the suppression of iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Hui Sun
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chieh-Fu Chen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chuen-Neu Wang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Author for correspondence:
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Kleinert H, Pautz A, Linker K, Schwarz PM. Regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 500:255-66. [PMID: 15464038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) generated by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is very complex. Induction of iNOS expression and hence NO production has been described to have beneficial antiviral, antiparasital, microbicidal, immunomodulatory, and antitumoral effects. However, induced at the wrong place or at the wrong time, iNOS has detrimental consequences and seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of different human diseases. The pathways regulating iNOS expression seem to vary in different cells or different species. In general, activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1alpha and thereby activation of the iNOS promoter seems to be an essential step in the regulation of iNOS expression in most cells. Also, post-transcriptional mechanisms are critically involved in the regulation of iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Tedeschi E, Menegazzi M, Yao Y, Suzuki H, Förstermann U, Kleinert H. Green tea inhibits human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by down-regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha activation. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:111-20. [PMID: 14722242 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea has been reported to show anti-inflammatory properties because of its inhibitory effects on the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes. Because the inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases, we have focused our attention on the regulation of iNOS expression by green tea in two different human epithelial cell lines, alveolar A549/8 and colon DLD-1 cells. With the use of electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we found a green tea-mediated down-regulation of the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha (STAT-1alpha), but not of nuclear factor-kappaB. This down-regulation of the STAT-1alpha DNA binding was shown to result from reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the STAT-1alpha protein and not from antioxidative effects of the green tea extract. Green tea extract inhibited human iNOS expression in a concentration-dependent manner, quantified in terms of iNOS mRNA, iNOS protein, and nitric oxide production in both cell lines. This inhibitory effect of green tea resulted from transcriptional inhibition as shown in reporter gene experiments. These data suggest that green tea extracts may be promising at least as an auxiliary anti-inflammatory principle in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tedeschi
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Tedeschi E, Menegazzi M, Margotto D, Suzuki H, Förstermann U, Kleinert H. Anti-inflammatory actions of St. John's wort: inhibition of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by down-regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha (STAT-1alpha) activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 307:254-61. [PMID: 12954801 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.054460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
St. John's wort (SJW) has been described to show anti-inflammatory properties due to its inhibitory effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes like cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Since iNOS plays a critical role in chronic inflammatory diseases, we have focused our attention on the regulation of iNOS expression by SJW in two different human epithelial cell lines, alveolar A549/8 and colon DLD-1 cells. SJW extract concentration dependently inhibited human iNOS expression evaluated by measuring the amounts of iNOS mRNA, iNOS protein, and NO production in both cell lines. This inhibitory effect resulted from transcriptional inhibition as shown in reporter gene experiments. With electrophoretic mobility shift experiments, we found a SJW-mediated down-regulation of the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha (STAT-1alpha), but not of nuclear factor-kappaB. This down-regulation of the STAT-1alpha DNA binding was shown to result from reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the STAT-1alpha protein. The diminished STAT-1alpha tyrosine phosphorylation resulted from SJW-mediated reduction of Janus kinase 2 activity. These data suggest that extracts from SJW may be a promising anti-inflammatory principle in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Italy
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