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Cong Y, Tao B, Lu X, Liu X, Wang Y, Yin H. Effect of point defects on the band alignment and transport properties of 1T-MoS 2/2H-MoS 2/1T-MoS 2 heterojunctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13230-13238. [PMID: 38634402 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Defects, which are an unavoidable component of the material preparation process, can have a significant impact on the properties of two-dimensional devices. In this work, we investigated theoretically the effects of different types and positions of point defects on band alignment and transport properties of metallic 1T-phase MoS2/semiconducting 2H-phase MoS2 junctions. We found that the Schottky barriers of junctions depend on the type of defects and their locations while showing anisotropic characteristics along the zigzag and armchair directions of 2H-phase MoS2. Moreover, defects in the central scattering region can generate local impurity states and introduce new transmission peaks, while defects at the interface do not generate impurity-state-related transmission peaks. Together, these defect-related peaks and Schottky barriers jointly affect the transport properties of the junctions. Understanding the complex behaviors of defects in devices can make the process of material preparation more efficient by avoiding harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Cong
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Bairui Tao
- College of Communications and Electronics Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - Xinzhu Lu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Haitao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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2
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Xue C, He N, Zhao X, Ni Y, Wang B, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Submicron-Thickness Ultraflexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via a Photoregulated Stripping Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14015-14025. [PMID: 38446708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid advances in imperceptible and epidermal electronics, the research on ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has become increasingly significant, owing to their excellent flexibility and conformability to the human body. It is highly desirable to develop submicrometer-thick ultraflexible OLEDs to enable the devices to seamlessly conform to the surface of arbitrary-shaped objects and still function properly. However, it remains a huge challenge for currently reported OLEDs due to the lack of an appropriate stripping strategy. Here, for the first time, we develop a facile photoregulated stripping strategy for the fabrication of high-performance ultraflexible OLEDs with submicron thickness. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the surface adhesion force of the ultrathin photopolymer membrane can be adjusted from 16.9 to 5.1 N/m, thereby effectively controlling the laminating and detaching process. Based on this strategy, the resultant device thickness is as low as 0.821 μm, which is the lowest record among flexible OLEDs reported to date. More remarkably, excellent electrical properties with a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 62.5 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.8%, and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V are realized, which are superior to almost all of the reported ultraflexible OLEDs with thicknesses below 10 μm. Based on versatile ultraflexible OLEDs, all-organic and skin-mounted displays are successfully realized by employing a conformable organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) as the driver. This work offers a feasible strategy for advancing OLEDs from flexible to ultraflexible, showing significant application potential in future epidermal electronics and conformal displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xue
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ning He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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3
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Pang X, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Xiang D, Ge X, Wu H, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Liu C, Hu W, Zhou P. Non-volatile rippled-assisted optoelectronic array for all-day motion detection and recognition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1613. [PMID: 38383735 PMCID: PMC10881999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In-sensor processing has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and hardware complexity of motion detection and recognition. However, the state-of-the-art all-in-one array integration technologies with simultaneous broadband spectrum image capture (sensory), image memory (storage) and image processing (computation) functions are still insufficient. Here, macroscale (2 × 2 mm2) integration of a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for all-day motion detection and recognition. The rippled-assisted optoelectronic array exhibits remarkable uniformity in the memory window, optically stimulated non-volatile positive and negative photoconductance. Importantly, the array achieves an extensive optical storage dynamic range exceeding 106, and exceptionally high room-temperature mobility up to 406.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, four times higher than the International Roadmap for Device and Systems 2028 target. Additionally, the spectral range of each rippled-assisted optoelectronic processor covers visible to near-infrared (405 nm-940 nm), achieving function of motion detection and recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Du Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and System, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, 200232, China.
| | - Xun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Haoqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunsen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and System, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and System, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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4
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Katiyar AK, Hoang AT, Xu D, Hong J, Kim BJ, Ji S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives. Chem Rev 2024; 124:318-419. [PMID: 38055207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential to provide new and innovative solutions to a wide range of challenges in various electronic fields. These electronics require specific material properties and performance because they need to be integrated into a variety of surfaces or folded and rolled for newly formatted electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, as well as their compatibility with other materials, enabling the creation of various flexible electronic devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in developing flexible electronic devices using 2D materials. In addition, it highlights the key aspects of materials, scalable material production, and device fabrication processes for flexible applications, along with important examples of demonstrations that achieved breakthroughs in various flexible and wearable electronic applications. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, current challenges, potential solutions, and future investigative directions about this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duo Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Ji
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ji S, Bae SR, Hu L, Hoang AT, Seol MJ, Hong J, Katiyar AK, Kim BJ, Xu D, Kim SY, Ahn JH. Perovskite Light-Emitting Diode Display Based on MoS 2 Backplane Thin-Film Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309531. [PMID: 37985162 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The uniform deposition of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) and their integration with backplane thin-film transistors (TFTs) remain challenging for large-area display applications. Herein, an active-matrix PeLED display fabricated via the heterogeneous integration of cesium lead bromide LEDs and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 )-based TFTs is presented. The single-source evaporation method enables the deposition of highly uniform perovskite thin films over large areas. PeLEDs are integrated with MoS2 TFTs to fabricate an active-matrix PeLED display with an 8 × 8 array, which exhibits excellent brightness control capability and high switching speed. This study demonstrates the potential of PeLEDs as candidates for next-generation displays and presents a novel approach for fabricating optoelectronic devices via the heterogeneous integration of 2D materials and perovskites, thereby paving the way toward the fabrication of practical future optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Ji
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Rang Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Luhing Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Seol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duo Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Park H, Kim DC. Structural and Material-Based Approaches for the Fabrication of Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:66. [PMID: 38258185 PMCID: PMC10821428 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable displays, capable of freely transforming their shapes, have received significant attention as alternatives to conventional rigid displays, and they are anticipated to provide new opportunities in various human-friendly electronics applications. As a core component of stretchable displays, high-performance stretchable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently emerged. The approaches to fabricate stretchable LEDs are broadly categorized into two groups, namely "structural" and "material-based" approaches, based on the mechanisms to tolerate strain. While structural approaches rely on specially designed geometries to dissipate applied strain, material-based approaches mainly focus on replacing conventional rigid components of LEDs to soft and stretchable materials. Here, we review the latest studies on the fabrication of stretchable LEDs, which is accomplished through these distinctive strategies. First, we introduce representative device designs for efficient strain distribution, encompassing island-bridge structures, wavy buckling, and kirigami-/origami-based structures. For the material-based approaches, we discuss the latest studies for intrinsically stretchable (is-) electronic/optoelectronic materials, including the formation of conductive nanocomposite and polymeric blending with various additives. The review also provides examples of is-LEDs, focusing on their luminous performance and stretchability. We conclude this review with a brief outlook on future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Gwangun-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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7
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Kang JH, Shin H, Kim KS, Song MK, Lee D, Meng Y, Choi C, Suh JM, Kim BJ, Kim H, Hoang AT, Park BI, Zhou G, Sundaram S, Vuong P, Shin J, Choe J, Xu Z, Younas R, Kim JS, Han S, Lee S, Kim SO, Kang B, Seo S, Ahn H, Seo S, Reidy K, Park E, Mun S, Park MC, Lee S, Kim HJ, Kum HS, Lin P, Hinkle C, Ougazzaden A, Ahn JH, Kim J, Bae SH. Monolithic 3D integration of 2D materials-based electronics towards ultimate edge computing solutions. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01704-z. [PMID: 38012388 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hetero-integration technology is poised to revolutionize the field of electronics by stacking functional layers vertically, thereby creating novel 3D circuity architectures with high integration density and unparalleled multifunctionality. However, the conventional 3D integration technique involves complex wafer processing and intricate interlayer wiring. Here we demonstrate monolithic 3D integration of two-dimensional, material-based artificial intelligence (AI)-processing hardware with ultimate integrability and multifunctionality. A total of six layers of transistor and memristor arrays were vertically integrated into a 3D nanosystem to perform AI tasks, by peeling and stacking of AI processing layers made from bottom-up synthesized two-dimensional materials. This fully monolithic-3D-integrated AI system substantially reduces processing time, voltage drops, latency and footprint due to its densely packed AI processing layers with dense interlayer connectivity. The successful demonstration of this monolithic-3D-integrated AI system will not only provide a material-level solution for hetero-integration of electronics, but also pave the way for unprecedented multifunctional computing hardware with ultimate parallelism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechang Shin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Min-Kyu Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doyoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chanyeol Choi
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-In Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Suresh Sundaram
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- CNRS, Georgia Tech - CNRS IRL 2958, GT-Europe, Metz, France
| | - Phuong Vuong
- CNRS, Georgia Tech - CNRS IRL 2958, GT-Europe, Metz, France
| | - Jiho Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jinyeong Choe
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rehan Younas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sun Ok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beomseok Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seungju Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyojung Ahn
- Future Innovation Research Center, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Aerospace System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kate Reidy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eugene Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sungchul Mun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Institute of Human Data Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Lee
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Kum
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Christopher Hinkle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Abdallah Ougazzaden
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- CNRS, Georgia Tech - CNRS IRL 2958, GT-Europe, Metz, France
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Huang B, Wang Y, Li L, Wang Q, Peng Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Du L, Yang W, Shi D, Li N, Zhang G. MoS 2-Thin Film Transistor Based Flexible 2T1C Driving Circuits for Active-Matrix Displays. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9333-9339. [PMID: 37796035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors offer great potential as high-performance materials for thin film transistors (TFTs) in displays. Their thin, stable, and flexible nature, along with excellent electrical properties, makes them suitable for flexible displays. However, previous demonstrations lacked clear superiority in pixel resolution and TFT performance. Here we present the flexible 2T1C pixel driving circuit for active-matrix displays based on high-quality large-scale monolayer MoS2. A gate-first fabrication process was developed for flexible MoS2-TFTs, showing a remarkable carrier mobility (average at 52.8 cm2 V-1 s-1), high on/off ratio (average at 1.5 × 108), and negligible hysteresis. The driving current can be modulated by pulsed input voltages and demonstrates a stable and prompt response to both frequency and amplitude. We also demonstrated a 10 × 10 active-matrix with high resolution of 508 pixels per inch, exhibiting 100% yield and high uniformity. The driving circuit works well under bending up to ∼0.91% strain, highlighting its normal functions in flexible displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yalin Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangkun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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9
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Kim M, Ma KY, Kim H, Lee Y, Park JH, Shin HS. 2D Materials in the Display Industry: Status and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205520. [PMID: 36539122 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With advances in flexible electronics, innovative foldable, rollable, and stretchable displays have been developed to maintain their performance under various deformations. These flexible devices can develop more innovative designs than conventional devices due to their light weight, high space efficiency, and practical convenience. However, developing flexible devices requires material innovation because the devices must be flexible and exhibit desirable electrical insulating/semiconducting/metallic properties. Recently, emerging 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable research attention because of their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, which are ideal for flexible electronics. The recent progress and challenges of 2D material growth and display applications are reviewed and perspectives for exploring 2D materials for display applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung Yeol Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyeongjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | | | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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10
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Zhang D, Du J, Zhang W, Tong B, Sun Y, Zhao TY, Ma LP, Sun DM, Cheng HM, Ren W. Carrier Transport Regulation of Pixel Graphene Transparent Electrodes for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302920. [PMID: 37267934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Integrating a graphene transparent electrode (TE) matrix with driving circuits is essential for the practical use of graphene in optoelectronics such as active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, however it is disabled by the transport of carriers between graphene pixels after deposition of a semiconductor functional layer caused by the atomic thickness of graphene. Here, the carrier transport regulation of a graphene TE matrix by using an insulating polyethyleneimine (PEIE) layer is reported. The PEIE forms an ultrathin uniform film (≤10 nm) to fill the gap of the graphene matrix, blocking horizontal electron transport between graphene pixels. Meanwhile, it can reduce the work function of graphene, improving the vertical electron injection through electron tunneling. This enables the fabrication of inverted OLED pixels with record high current and power efficiencies of 90.7 cd A-1 and 89.1 lm W-1 , respectively. By integrating these inverted OLED pixels with a carbon nanotube-based thin-film transistor (CNT-TFT)-driven circuit, an inch-size flexible active-matrix OLED display is demonstrated, in which all OLED pixels are independently controlled by CNT-TFTs. This research paves a way for the application of graphene-like atomically thin TE pixels in flexible optoelectronics such as displays, smart wearables, and free-form surface lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Peng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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11
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Qin Z, Wang T, Gao H, Li Y, Dong H, Hu W. Organic Polarized Light-Emitting Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301955. [PMID: 37358028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrically driven polarized light-emitting sources are central to various applications including quantum computers, optical communication, and 3D displays, but serious challenges remain due to the inevitable incorporation of complex optical elements in conventional devices. Here, organic polarized light-emitting transistors (OPLETs), a kind of novel device that integrates the functions of organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting diodes, and polarizers into one unique device, are demonstrated with a degree of polarization (DOP) as high as 0.97, which is comparable to completely linearly polarized light (DOP = 1). Under the modulation of gate voltage, robust and efficient polarization emission is proven, ascribed to the intrinsic in-plane anisotropy of the molecular transition dipole moment in organic semiconductors and the open-ended feature of OPLETs instead of other factors. As a result, high-contrast optical imaging and anti-counterfeiting security are successfully demonstrated based on OPLETs, establishing a new direction for photonic and electronic integration toward on-chip miniaturized optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Li
- Normal College, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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12
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Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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13
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Shao B, Wan T, Liao F, Kim BJ, Chen J, Guo J, Ma S, Ahn JH, Chai Y. Highly Trustworthy In-Sensor Cryptography for Image Encryption and Authentication. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37186522 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevailing transmission of image information over the Internet of Things demands trustworthy cryptography for high security and privacy. State-of-the-art security modules are usually physically separated from the sensory terminals that capture images, which unavoidably exposes image information to various attacks during the transmission process. Here we develop in-sensor cryptography that enables capturing images and producing security keys in the same hardware devices. The generated key inherently binds to the captured images, which gives rise to highly trustworthy cryptography. Using the intrinsic electronic and optoelectronic characteristics of the 256 molybdenum disulfide phototransistor array, we can harvest electronic and optoelectronic binary keys with a physically unclonable function and further upgrade them into multiple-state ternary and double-binary keys, exhibiting high uniformity, uniqueness, randomness, and coding capacity. This in-sensor cryptography enables highly trustworthy image encryption to avoid passive attacks and image authentication to prevent unauthorized editions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjie Shao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Wan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyou Liao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiewei Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmiao Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijie Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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14
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Naveen KR, Palanisamy P, Chae MY, Kwon JH. Multiresonant TADF materials: triggering the reverse intersystem crossing to alleviate the efficiency roll-off in OLEDs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3685-3702. [PMID: 36857643 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The hunt for narrow-band emissive pure organic molecules capable of harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons for light emission has garnered enormous attention to promote the advancement of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Over the past decade, organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials based on donor (D)/acceptor (A) combinations have been researched for OLEDs in wide color gamut (RGB) regions. However, due to the strong intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) state, they exhibit broad emission with full-width-at-half maximum (FWHM) > 70 nm, which deviates from being detrimental to achieving high color purity for future high-end display electronics such as high-definition TVs and ultra-high-definition TVs (UHDTVs). Recently, the new development in the sub-class of TADF emitters called multi-resonant TADF (MR-TADF) emitters based on boron/nitrogen atoms has attracted much interest in ultra-high definition OLEDs. Consequently, MR-TADF emitters are appeal to their potentiality as promising candidates in fabricating the high-efficient OLEDs due to their numerous advantages such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), unprecedented color purity, and narrow bandwidth (FWHM ≤ 40 nm). Until now many MR-TADF materials have been developed for ultra-gamut regions with different design concepts. However, most MR-TADF-OLEDs showed ruthless external quantum efficiency (EQE) roll-off characteristics at high brightness. Such EQE roll-off characteristics were derived mainly from the low reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) rate values. This feature article primarily focuses on the design strategies to improve kRISC for MR-TADF materials with some supportive strategies including extending charge delocalization, heavy atom introduction, multi-donor/acceptor utilization, and a hyperfluorescence system approach. Furthermore, the outlook and prospects for future developments in MR-TADF skeletons are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkera Rayappa Naveen
- Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab (OODL), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paramasivam Palanisamy
- Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab (OODL), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Young Chae
- Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab (OODL), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jang Hyuk Kwon
- Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab (OODL), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Nawaz A, Merces L, Ferro LMM, Sonar P, Bufon CCB. Impact of Planar and Vertical Organic Field-Effect Transistors on Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204804. [PMID: 36124375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible and conformable devices, whose performance can be maintained while being continuously deformed, provides a significant step toward the realization of next-generation wearable and e-textile applications. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are particularly interesting for flexible and lightweight products, because of their low-temperature solution processability, and the mechanical flexibility of organic materials that endows OFETs the natural compatibility with plastic and biodegradable substrates. Here, an in-depth review of two competing flexible OFET technologies, planar and vertical OFETs (POFETs and VOFETs, respectively) is provided. The electrical, mechanical, and physical properties of POFETs and VOFETs are critically discussed, with a focus on four pivotal applications (integrated logic circuits, light-emitting devices, memories, and sensors). It is pointed out that the flexible function of the relatively newer VOFET technology, along with its perspective on advancing the applicability of flexible POFETs, has not been reviewed so far, and the direct comparison regarding the performance of POFET- and VOFET-based flexible applications is most likely absent. With discussions spanning printed and wearable electronics, materials science, biotechnology, and environmental monitoring, this contribution is a clear stimulus to researchers working in these fields to engage toward the plentiful possibilities that POFETs and VOFETs offer to flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Leandro Merces
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Letícia M M Ferro
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Carlos C B Bufon
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
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16
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Wang B, He JH, Yu B, He X, Xue F. Piezoelectricity-modulated optical recombination dynamics of monolayer-MoS 2/GaN-film heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2036-2043. [PMID: 36520146 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05850b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic manipulation of optoelectronic responses by mechanical stimuli is promising for developing wearable electronics and human-machine interfacing. Although 2D-3D hybrid heterostructures can bring advancements in optoelectronics, their dynamic optical responses to external strains remain rarely studied. Here, we demonstrate the strain-tuned recombination dynamics of monolayer-MoS2 and thin-film-GaN heterostructures. We find that optical excitons in the heterostructures, apart from trions, can be markedly modulated by strains. We argue that MoS2 piezoelectric dipoles across the interfaces lead to curved band diagrams, in which optical excitons dissociate into spatially separated quasi-particles and concurrently relocate to the maxima of valence bands and the minima of conduction bands. With the increase in tensile strains, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the heterostructures shows quenched responses. Noticeably, the change in PL spectra strongly depends on the directions of the applied strains because of the lateral piezoelectric periodicity of MoS2 flakes. This work not only helps in understanding the underlying physics of the decreased PL intensities upon applying strains but also demonstrates a feasible way (i.e., strains) to manipulate the PL efficiency of 2D-material-based optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Wang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Yu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Xin He
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Fei Xue
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020, China.
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17
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Peng M, Cheng J, Zheng X, Ma J, Feng Z, Sun X. 2D-materials-integrated optoelectromechanics: recent progress and future perspectives. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:026402. [PMID: 36167057 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac953e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials has gained worldwide attention owing to their extraordinary optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Due to their atomic layer thicknesses, the emerging 2D materials have great advantages of enhanced interaction strength, broad operating bandwidth, and ultralow power consumption for optoelectromechanical coupling. The van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy or multidimensional integration of 2D material family provides a promising platform for on-chip advanced nano-optoelectromechanical systems (NOEMS). Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the nanomechanical properties of 2D materials and the recent advances of 2D-materials-integrated nano-electromechanical systems and nano-optomechanical systems. By utilizing active nanophotonics and optoelectronics as the interface, 2D active NOEMS and their coupling effects are particularly highlighted at the 2D atomic scale. Finally, we share our viewpoints on the future perspectives and key challenges of scalable 2D-materials-integrated active NOEMS for on-chip miniaturized, lightweight, and multifunctional integration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzeng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,People's Republic of China
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jiadong Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhe Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ziyao Feng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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18
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Heo S, Kwon J, Sung M, Lee S, Cho Y, Jung H, You I, Yang C, Lee J, Noh YY. Large Transconductance of Electrochemical Transistors Based on Fluorinated Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1629-1638. [PMID: 36592389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have enormous potential for use in biosignal amplifiers, analyte sensors, and neuromorphic electronics owing to their exceptionally large transconductance. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve high charge carrier mobility and volumetric capacitance, the two most important figures of merit in OECTs. Herein, a method of achieving high-performance OECT with donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers by introducing fluorine units is proposed. A series of cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole (CDT-BT) copolymers for use in high-performance OECTs with enhanced charge carrier mobility (from 0.65 to 1.73 cm2·V-1·s-1) and extended volumetric capacitance (from 44.8 to 57.6 F·cm-3) by fluorine substitution is achieved. The increase in the volumetric capacitance of the fluorinated polymers is attributed to either an increase in the volume at which ions can enter the film or a decrease in the effective distance between the ions and polymer backbones. The fluorine substitution increases the backbone planarity of the CDT-BT copolymers, enabling more efficient charge carrier transport. The fluorination strategy of this work suggests the more versatile use of conjugated polymers for high-performance OECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingi Sung
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haksoon Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Insang You
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
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Zhu X, Zhou Y, Ye C. Preparation and Performance of AgNWs/PDMS Film-Based Flexible Strain Sensor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:641. [PMID: 36676378 PMCID: PMC9862830 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors are widely used in the fields of personal electronic equipment and health monitoring to promote the rapid development of modern social science and technology. In this paper, silver nanowires (AgNWs) prepared via the polyol reduction method were used to construct a flexible strain sensor. The AgNWs/PDMS film was obtained by transfer printing using AgNWs as a conductive layer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a flexible substrate. The morphology of AgNWs was characterized by SEM and TEM. The aspect ratio of the AgNWs was more than 700. The strain sensitivity factor of the sensor was 2.8757, with a good linear relationship between the resistance and the strain. Moreover, the strain sensor showed good response results in human activity monitoring and the LED lamp response test, which provides a new idea for the construction of flexible wearable devices.
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20
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Shen Y, Dong Z, Sun Y, Guo H, Wu F, Li X, Tang J, Liu J, Wu X, Tian H, Ren TL. The Trend of 2D Transistors toward Integrated Circuits: Scaling Down and New Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201916. [PMID: 35535757 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal chalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2 , have recently attracted considerable research interest in the context of their use in ultrascaled devices owing to their excellent electronic properties. Microprocessors and neural network circuits based on MoS2 have been developed at a large scale but still do not have an advantage over silicon in terms of their integrated density. In this study, the current structures, contact engineering, and doping methods for 2D TMDC materials for the scaling-down process and performance optimization are reviewed. Devices are introduced according to a new mechanism to provide the comprehensive prospects for the use of MoS2 beyond the traditional complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor in order to summarize obstacles to the goal of developing high-density and low-power integrated circuits (ICs). Finally, prospects for the use of MoS2 in large-scale ICs from the perspectives of the material, system performance, and application to nonlogic functionalities such as sensor circuits and analogous circuits, are briefly analyzed. The latter issue is along the direction of "more than Moore" research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist) School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zuoyuan Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist) School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianglong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - He Tian
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist) School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist) School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Baek GW, Kim YJ, Lee M, Kwon Y, Chun B, Park G, Seo H, Yang H, Kwak J. Progress in the Development of Active-Matrix Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Driven by Non-Si Thin-Film Transistors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238511. [PMID: 36500003 PMCID: PMC9736594 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the key accomplishments and further prospects of active-matrix (AM) quantum-dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) display. We present an overview and state-of-the-art of QLEDs as a frontplane and non-Si-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) as a backplane to meet the requirements for the next-generation displays, such as flexibility, transparency, low power consumption, fast response, high efficiency, and operational reliability. After a brief introduction, we first review the research on non-Si-based TFTs using metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and semiconducting carbon nanotubes as the driving unit of display devices. Next, QLED technologies are analyzed in terms of the device structure, device engineering, and QD patterning technique to realize high-performance, full-color AM-QLEDs. Lastly, recent research on the monolithic integration of TFT-QLED is examined, which proposes a new perspective on the integrated device. We anticipate that this review will help the readership understand the fundamentals, current state, and issues on TFTs and QLEDs for future AM-QLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Woo Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeunwoo Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsoo Chun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganghyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang Y, Li T, Li Y, Yang R, Zhang G. 2D-Materials-Based Wearable Biosensor Systems. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110936. [PMID: 36354445 PMCID: PMC9687877 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionary success in life science, wearable biosensor systems, which can monitor human health information and quantify vital signs in real time, have been actively studied. Research in wearable biosensor systems is mainly focused on the design of sensors with various flexible materials. Among them, 2D materials with excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties provide the expected characteristics to address the challenges of developing microminiaturized wearable biosensor systems. This review summarizes the recent research progresses in 2D-materials-based wearable biosensors including e-skin, contact lens sensors, and others. Then, we highlight the challenges of flexible power supply technologies for smart systems. The latest advances in biosensor systems involving wearable wristbands, diabetic patches, and smart contact lenses are also discussed. This review will enable a better understanding of the design principle of 2D biosensors, offering insights into innovative technologies for future biosensor systems toward their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yangfeng Li
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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23
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Yoo J, Li S, Kim DH, Yang J, Choi MK. Materials and design strategies for stretchable electroluminescent devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:801-821. [PMID: 35686540 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable displays have recently received increasing attention as input and/or output interfaces for next-generation human-friendly electronic systems. Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are a core component of stretchable displays, and they can be classified into two types, structurally stretchable EL devices and intrinsically stretchable EL devices, according to the mechanism for achieving their stretchability. We herein present recent advances in materials and design strategies for stretchable EL devices. First, stretchable devices based on ultrathin EL devices are introduced. Ultrathin EL devices are mechanically flexible like thin paper, and they can become stretchable through various structural engineering methods, such as inducing a buckled structure, employing interconnects with stretchable geometries, and applying origami/kirigami techniques. Secondly, intrinsically stretchable EL devices can be fabricated by using inherently stretchable electronic materials. For example, light-emitting electrochemical cells and EL devices with a simpler structure using alternating current have been developed. Furthermore, novel stretchable semiconductor materials have been presented for the development of intrinsically stretchable light-emitting diodes. After discussing these two types of stretchable EL devices, we briefly discuss applications of deformable EL devices and conclude the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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24
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Qin Z, Gao C, Gao H, Wang T, Dong H, Hu W. Molecular doped, color-tunable, high-mobility, emissive, organic semiconductors for light-emitting transistors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8775. [PMID: 35857474 PMCID: PMC9269892 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-mobility emissive organic semiconductors with tunable colors is crucial for organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), a pivotal component of integrated optoelectronic devices, but remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate a series of color-tunable, high-mobility, emissive, organic semiconductors via molecular doping with a high-mobility organic semiconductor, 2,6-diphenylanthracene, as the host. The well-matched molecular structures and sizes with efficient energy transfer between the host and guest enable the intrinsically high charge transport with tunable colors. High mobility with the highest value >2 cm2 V-1 s-1 and strong emission with photoluminescence quantum yield >15.8% are obtained for these molecular-doped organic semiconductors. Last, a large color gamut for constructed OLETs is up to 59% National Television System Committee standard, meanwhile with an extremely high current density approaching 326.4 kA cm-2, showing great potential for full-color smart display, organic electrically pumped lasers and other related logic circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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25
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Veerapandian S, Kim W, Kim J, Jo Y, Jung S, Jeong U. Printable inks and deformable electronic array devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:663-681. [PMID: 35660837 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deformable printed electronic array devices are expected to revolutionize next-generation electronics. However, although remarkable technological advances in printable inks and deformable electronic array devices have recently been achieved, technical challenges remain to commercialize these technologies. In this review article a brief introduction to printing methods highlighting significant research studies on ink formation for conductors, semiconductors, and insulators is provided, and the structural design and successful printing strategies of deformable electronic array devices are described. Successful device demonstrations are presented in the applications of passive- and active-matrix array devices. Finally, perspectives and technological challenges to be achieved are pointed out to print practically available deformable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Veerapandian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojo Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngmin Jo
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Hwangbo S, Hu L, Hoang AT, Choi JY, Ahn JH. Wafer-scale monolithic integration of full-colour micro-LED display using MoS 2 transistor. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:500-506. [PMID: 35379943 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale growth of transition metal dichalcogenides and their subsequent integration with compound semiconductors is one of the major obstacles for two-dimensional materials implementation in optoelectronics applications such as active matrix displays or optical sensors. Here we present a novel transition metal dichalcogenide-on-compound-semiconductor fabrication method that is compatible with a batch microfabrication process. We show how a thin film of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) can be directly synthesized on a gallium-nitride-based epitaxial wafer to form a thin film transistor array. Subsequently, the MoS2 thin film transistor was monolithically integrated with micro-light-emitting-diode (micro-LED) devices to produce an active matrix micro-LED display. In addition, we demonstrate a simple approach to obtain red and green colours through the printing of quantum dots on a blue micro-LED, which allows for the scalable fabrication of full-colour micro-LED displays. This strategy represents a promising route to attain heterogeneous integration, which is essential for high-performance optoelectronic systems that can incorporate the established semiconductor technology and emerging two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Hwangbo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luhing Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Wadhwa R, Ghosh A, Kumar D, Kumar P, Kumar M. Platinum nanoparticle sensitized plasmonic-enhanced broad spectral photodetection in large area vertical-aligned MoS 2flakes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:255702. [PMID: 35297382 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac5e85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D MoS2holds immense potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications due to its unique characteristics. However, the atomic-scale thickness of MoS2hinders the optical absorbance, thereby limiting its photodetection capability. Vertically-aligned MoS2(VA-MoS2) has an advantage of strong optical absorption and quick intra-layer transport, offering high speed operation. The coupling of plasmonic metal nanostructure with MoS2can further enhance the light-matter interaction. Pt/Pd (as opposed to Ag/Au) are more promising to design next-generation nano-plasmonic devices due to their intense interband activity over a broad spectral range. Herein, we report Pt nanoparticle (NPs) enhanced broadband photoresponse in VA-MoS2. The optical absorbance of MoS2is enhanced after the integration of Pt NPs, with a four-fold enhancement in photocurrent. The formation of Schottky junction at Pt-MoS2interface inhibits electron transmission, suppressing the dark current and substantially reducing NEP. The plasmonic-enabled photodetector shows enhanced responsivity (432 A W-1, 800 nm) and detectivity (1.85 × 1014Jones, 5 V) with a low response time (87 ms/84 ms), attributed to faster carrier transport. Additionally, a theoretical approach is adopted to calculate wavelength-dependent responsivity, which matches well with experimental results. These findings offer a facile approach to modulate the performance of next-generation optoelectronic devices for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Wadhwa
- Functional and Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - Anupam Ghosh
- Functional and Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - Deepu Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh-175005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh-175005, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Functional and Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
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28
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Wu H, Cui Y, Xu J, Yan Z, Xie Z, Hu Y, Zhu S. Multifunctional Half-Floating-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Based on MoS 2-BN-Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2328-2333. [PMID: 35254079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional electronic devices that combine logic operation and data storage functions are of great importance in developing next-generation computation. The recent development of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on various two-dimensional (2D) materials have brought exceptional opportunities in designing novel electronic devices. Although various 2D-heterostructure-based electronic devices have been reported, multifunctional devices that can combine logic operations and data storage functions are still quite rare. In this work, we design and fabricate a half-floating-gate field-effect transistor based on MoS2-BN-graphene vdW heterostuctures, which can be used for logic operations as a MOSFET, nonvolatile memory as a floating-gate MOSFET (FG-MOSFET), and rectification as a diode. These results could lay the foundation for various applications based on 2D vdW heterostuctures and inspire the design of next-generation computation beyond the von Neumann architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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29
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Han B, Zhao Y, Ma C, Wang C, Tian X, Wang Y, Hu W, Samorì P. Asymmetric Chemical Functionalization of Top-Contact Electrodes: Tuning the Charge Injection for High-Performance MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors and Schottky Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109445. [PMID: 35061928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-performance (opto-)electronic devices based on 2D channel materials requires the optimization of the charge injection at electrode-semiconductor interfaces. While chemical functionalization with chemisorbed self-assembled monolayers has been extensively exploited to adjust the work function of metallic electrodes in bottom-contact devices, such a strategy has not been demonstrated for the top-contact configuration, despite the latter being known to offer enhanced charge-injection characteristics. Here, a novel contact engineering method is developed to functionalize gold electrodes in top-contact field-effect transistors (FETs) via the transfer of chemically pre-modified electrodes. The source and drain Au electrodes of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) FETs are functionalized with thiolated molecules possessing different dipole moments. While the modification of the electrodes with electron-donating molecules yields a marked improvement of device performance, the asymmetric functionalization of the source and drain electrodes with different molecules with opposed dipole moment enables the fabrication of a high-performance Schottky diode with a rectification ratio of ≈103 . This unprecedented strategy to tune the charge injection in top-contact MoS2 FETs is of general applicability for the fabrication of high-performance (opto-)electronic devices, in which asymmetric charge injection is required, enabling tailoring of the device characteristics on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Yuda Zhao
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Chun Ma
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Can Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Xinzi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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30
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Park EY, Shin S, Thangaraji V, Kim S, Lee J, Suh MC. Synthesis of indenocarbazole-based efficient deep-blue fluorescent emitter with a narrow emission band. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Liu C, Li X, Luo Y, Wang Y, Hu S, Liu C, Liang X, Zhou H, Chen J, She J, Deng S. How Materials and Device Factors Determine the Performance: A Unified Solution for Transistors with Nontrivial Gates and Transistor-Diode Hybrid Integration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104896. [PMID: 34914856 PMCID: PMC8844558 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced field-effect transistors (FETs) with nontrivial gates (e.g., offset-gates, mid-gates, split-gates, or multi-gates) or hybrid integrations (e.g., with diodes, photodetectors, or field-emitters) have been extensively developed in pursuit for the "More-than-Moore" demand. But understanding their conduction mechanisms and predicting current-voltage relations is rather difficult due to countless combinations of materials and device factors. Here, it is shown that they could be understood within the same physical picture, i.e., charge transport from gated to nongated semiconductors. One proposes an indicator based on material and device factors for characterizing the transport and derives a unified and simplified solution for describing the current-voltage relations, current saturation, channel potentials, and drift field. It is verified by simulations and experiments of different types of devices with varied materials and device factors, employing organic, oxide, nanomaterial semiconductors in transistors or hybrid integrations. The concise and unified solution provides general rules for quick understanding and designing of these complex, innovative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yiyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Sujuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Chenning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Xiaoci Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Electronic and Computer EngineeringPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Juncong She
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
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Woo G, Yoo H, Kim T. Hybrid Thin-Film Materials Combinations for Complementary Integration Circuit Implementation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120931. [PMID: 34940431 PMCID: PMC8709032 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Beyond conventional silicon, emerging semiconductor materials have been actively investigated for the development of integrated circuits (ICs). Considerable effort has been put into implementing complementary circuits using non-silicon emerging materials, such as organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and perovskites. Whereas shortcomings of each candidate semiconductor limit the development of complementary ICs, an approach of hybrid materials is considered as a new solution to the complementary integration process. This article revisits recent advances in hybrid-material combination-based complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strong and weak points of the respective candidates, focusing on their complementary circuit integrations. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges presented by the prospect of hybrid integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhoo Woo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Taesung Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (T.K.)
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33
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Kim J, Lee Y, Kang M, Hu L, Zhao S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials for Skin-Mountable Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005858. [PMID: 33998064 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable devices that can directly measure various biosignals and external stimuli and communicate the information to the users have been actively studied owing to increasing demand for wearable electronics and newer healthcare systems. Research on skin-mountable devices is mainly focused on those materials and mechanical design aspects that satisfy the device fabrication requirements on unusual substrates like skin and also for achieving good sensing capabilities and stable device operation in high-strain conditions. 2D materials that are atomically thin and possess unique electrical and optical properties offer several important features that can address the challenging needs in wearable, skin-mountable electronic devices. Herein, recent research progress on skin-mountable devices based on 2D materials that exhibit a variety of device functions including information input and output and in vitro and in vivo healthcare and diagnosis is reviewed. The challenges, potential solutions, and perspectives on trends for future work are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejung Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minpyo Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Luhing Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Songfang Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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35
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Seo SG, Ryu JH, Kim SY, Jeong J, Jin SH. Enhancement of Photodetective Properties on Multilayered MoS 2 Thin Film Transistors via Self-Assembled Poly-L-Lysine Treatment and Their Potential Application in Optical Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1586. [PMID: 34204218 PMCID: PMC8234691 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors and display backplane transistors based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been regarded as promising topics. However, most studies have focused on the improvement in the performances of the MoS2 photodetector itself or emerging applications. In this study, to suggest a better insight into the photodetector performances of MoS2 thin film transistors (TFTs), as photosensors for possible integrated system, we performed a comparative study on the photoresponse of MoS2 and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs. As a result, in the various wavelengths and optical power ranges, MoS2 TFTs exhibit 2~4 orders larger photo responsivities and detectivities. The overall quantitative comparison of photoresponse in single device and inverters confirms a much better performance by the MoS2 photodetectors. Furthermore, as a strategy to improve the field effect mobility and photoresponse of the MoS2 TFTs, molecular doping via poly-L-lysine (PLL) treatment was applied to the MoS2 TFTs. Transfer and output characteristics of the MoS2 TFTs clearly show improved photocurrent generation under a wide range of illuminations (740~365 nm). These results provide useful insights for considering MoS2 as a next-generation photodetector in flat panel displays and makes it more attractive due to the fact of its potential as a high-performance photodetector enabled by a novel doping technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sung Hun Jin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.G.S.); (J.H.R.); (S.Y.K.); (J.J.)
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36
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Hong S, Zagni N, Choo S, Liu N, Baek S, Bala A, Yoo H, Kang BH, Kim HJ, Yun HJ, Alam MA, Kim S. Highly sensitive active pixel image sensor array driven by large-area bilayer MoS 2 transistor circuitry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3559. [PMID: 34117235 PMCID: PMC8196169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various large-area growth methods for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have been developed recently for future electronic and photonic applications. However, they have not yet been employed for synthesizing active pixel image sensors. Here, we report on an active pixel image sensor array with a bilayer MoS2 film prepared via a two-step large-area growth method. The active pixel of image sensor is composed of 2D MoS2 switching transistors and 2D MoS2 phototransistors. The maximum photoresponsivity (Rph) of the bilayer MoS2 phototransistors in an 8 × 8 active pixel image sensor array is statistically measured as high as 119.16 A W-1. With the aid of computational modeling, we find that the main mechanism for the high Rph of the bilayer MoS2 phototransistor is a photo-gating effect by the holes trapped at subgap states. The image-sensing characteristics of the bilayer MoS2 active pixel image sensor array are successfully investigated using light stencil projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongin Hong
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78758, USA
| | - Nicolò Zagni
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari" (DIEF), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sooho Choo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Liu
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Baek
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Bala
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Yun
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ashraful Alam
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Sunkook Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Hempel M, Schroeder V, Park C, Koman VB, Xue M, McVay E, Spector S, Dubey M, Strano MS, Park J, Kong J, Palacios T. SynCells: A 60 × 60 μm 2 Electronic Platform with Remote Actuation for Sensing Applications in Constrained Environments. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8803-8812. [PMID: 33960771 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous electronic microsystems smaller than the diameter of a human hair (<100 μm) are promising for sensing in confined spaces such as microfluidic channels or the human body. However, they are difficult to implement due to fabrication challenges and limited power budget. Here we present a 60 × 60 μm electronic microsystem platform, or SynCell, that overcomes these issues by leveraging the integration capabilities of two-dimensional material circuits and the low power consumption of passive germanium timers, memory-like chemical sensors, and magnetic pads. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we magnetically positioned SynCells in a microfluidic channel to detect putrescine. After we extracted them from the channel, we successfully read out the timer and sensor signal, the latter of which can be amplified by an onboard transistor circuit. The concepts developed here will be applicable to microsystems targeting a variety of applications from microfluidic sensing to biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Hempel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vera Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chibeom Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mantian Xue
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elaine McVay
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah Spector
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Madan Dubey
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiwoong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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38
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Li J, Gong H, Zhang J, Zhou S, Tao L, Jiang L, Guo Q. Enhanced Electroluminescence Based on a π-Conjugated Heptazine Derivative by Exploiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Front Chem 2021; 9:693813. [PMID: 34055753 PMCID: PMC8155250 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.693813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heptazine derivatives have attracted much attention over the past decade by virtue of intriguing optical, photocatalytic as well as electronic properties in the fields of hydrogen evolution, organic optoelectronic technologies and so forth. Here, we report a simple π-conjugated heptazine derivative (HAP-3DF) possessing an n→π* transition character which exhibits enhanced electroluminescence by exploiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Green-emitting HAP-3DF shows relatively low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (Φp) of 0.08 in toluene and 0.16 in doped film with bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl) ether oxide (DPEPO) as the matrix. Interestingly, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) incorporating 8 wt% HAP-3DF:DPEPO as an emitting layer achieved a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.0% in view of the fairly low Φp of 0.16, indicating the presence of TADF stemming from n→π* transitions. As the matrix changing from DPEPO to 1,3-di (9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), a much higher Φp of 0.56 was found in doped film accompanying yellow emission. More importantly, enhanced electroluminescence was observed from the OLED containing 8 wt% HAP-3DF:mCP as an emitting layer, and a rather high EQE of 10.8% along with a low roll-off was realized, which should be ascribed to the TADF process deriving from exciplex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Heqi Gong
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tao
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Power Transmission Line, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
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39
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Lo LW, Zhao J, Wan H, Wang Y, Chakrabartty S, Wang C. An Inkjet-Printed PEDOT:PSS-Based Stretchable Conductor for Wearable Health Monitoring Device Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21693-21702. [PMID: 33926183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable conductor is one of the key components in soft electronics that allows the seamless integration of electronic devices and sensors on elastic substrates. Its unique advantages of mechanical flexibility and stretchability have enabled a variety of wearable bioelectronic devices that can conformably adapt to curved skin surfaces for long-term health monitoring applications. Here, we report a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-based stretchable polymer blend that can be patterned using an inkjet printing process while exhibiting low sheet resistance and accommodating large mechanical deformations. We have systematically studied the effect of various types of polar solvent additives that can help induce phase separation of PEDOT and PSS grains and change the conformation of a PEDOT chain, thereby improving the electrical property of the film by facilitating charge hopping along the percolating PEDOT network. The optimal ink formulation is achieved by adding 5 wt % ethylene glycol into a pristine PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution, which results in a sheet resistance of as low as 58 Ω/□. Elasticity can also be achieved by blending the above solution with the soft polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Thin films of PEDOT:PSS/PEO polymer blends patterned by inkjet printing exhibits a low sheet resistance of 84 Ω/□ and can resist up to 50% tensile strain with minimal changes in electrical performance. With its good conductivity and elasticity, we have further demonstrated the use of the polymer blend as stretchable interconnects and stretchable dry electrodes on a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate for photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography (ECG) recording applications. This work shows the potential of using a printed stretchable conducting polymer in low-cost wearable sensor patches for smart health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Lo
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Junyi Zhao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Haochuan Wan
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Shantanu Chakrabartty
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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40
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Lim C, Hong YJ, Jung J, Shin Y, Sunwoo SH, Baik S, Park OK, Choi SH, Hyeon T, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim DH. Tissue-like skin-device interface for wearable bioelectronics by using ultrasoft, mass-permeable, and low-impedance hydrogels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd3716. [PMID: 33962955 PMCID: PMC8104866 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels consist of a cross-linked porous polymer network and water molecules occupying the interspace between the polymer chains. Therefore, hydrogels are soft and moisturized, with mechanical structures and physical properties similar to those of human tissue. Such hydrogels have a potential to turn the microscale gap between wearable devices and human skin into a tissue-like space. Here, we present material and device strategies to form a tissue-like, quasi-solid interface between wearable bioelectronics and human skin. The key material is an ultrathin type of functionalized hydrogel that shows unusual features of high mass-permeability and low impedance. The functionalized hydrogel acted as a liquid electrolyte on the skin and formed an extremely conformal and low-impedance interface for wearable electrochemical biosensors and electrical stimulators. Furthermore, its porous structure and ultrathin thickness facilitated the efficient transport of target molecules through the interface. Therefore, this functionalized hydrogel can maximize the performance of various wearable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyuk Lim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyu Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueng Hong Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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41
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Yokota T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Recent Progress of Flexible Image Sensors for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004416. [PMID: 33527511 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible image sensors have attracted increasing attention as new imaging devices owing to their lightness, softness, and bendability. Since light can measure inside information from outside of the body, optical-imaging-based approaches, such as X-rays, are widely used for disease diagnosis in hospitals. Unlike conventional sensors, flexible image sensors are soft and can be directly attached to a curved surface, such as the skin, for continuous measurement of biometric information with high accuracy. Therefore, they are expected to gain wide application to wearable devices, as well as home medical care. Herein, the application of such sensors to the biomedical field is introduced. First, their individual components, photosensors, and switching elements, are explained. Then, the basic parameters used to evaluate the performance of each of these elements and the image sensors are described. Finally, examples of measuring the dynamic and static biometric information using flexible image sensors, together with relevant real-world measurement cases, are presented. Furthermore, recent applications of the flexible image sensors in the biomedical field are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science & Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science & Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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42
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McClellan CJ, Yalon E, Smithe KKH, Suryavanshi SV, Pop E. High Current Density in Monolayer MoS 2 Doped by AlO x. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1587-1596. [PMID: 33405894 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors require stable doping for applications in transistors, optoelectronics, and thermoelectrics. However, this has been challenging for two-dimensional (2D) materials, where existing approaches are either incompatible with conventional semiconductor processing or introduce time-dependent, hysteretic behavior. Here we show that low-temperature (<200 °C) substoichiometric AlOx provides a stable n-doping layer for monolayer MoS2, compatible with circuit integration. This approach achieves carrier densities >2 × 1013 cm-2, sheet resistance as low as ∼7 kΩ/□, and good contact resistance ∼480 Ω·μm in transistors from monolayer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition. We also reach record current density of nearly 700 μA/μm (>110 MA/cm2) along this three-atom-thick semiconductor while preserving transistor on/off current ratio >106. The maximum current is ultimately limited by self-heating (SH) and could exceed 1 mA/μm with better device heat sinking. With their 0.1 nA/μm off-current, such doped MoS2 devices approach several low-power transistor metrics required by the international technology roadmap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J McClellan
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eilam Yalon
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kirby K H Smithe
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Saurabh V Suryavanshi
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric Pop
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Hoang AT, Qu K, Chen X, Ahn JH. Large-area synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenides via CVD and solution-based approaches and their device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:615-633. [PMID: 33410829 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For the last decade, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Novel devices based on these materials are commonly fabricated using the exfoliated samples, which lacks control of the thickness and cannot be scaled. Therefore, the synthesis of large-area TMDC thin films with a high uniformity to advance the field is required. This article reviews the latest advances in the synthesis of wafer-scale thin films using chemical vapor deposition methods. The key factors that determine the electrical performance of TMDCs are introduced, including the interfacial properties and defects. The latest solution-based techniques which suggest the opportunity to obtain large-area TMDC thin films with a low-cost process and the potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics are also discussed. The outlook for future research directions, challenges, and possible development of 2D materials are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kairui Qu
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Park Y, Byun H, Lee JH. Highly Stretchable and Transparent Optical Adhesive Films Using Hierarchically Structured Rigid-Flexible Dual-Stiffness Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1493-1502. [PMID: 33382572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for new forms of flexible electronic devices has led to the evolution of individual components comprising optical adhesive films that provide excellent optical transparency and high bonding strength while offering remarkable elasticity with high strain and recovery properties. Herein, a new type of highly elastic and transparent adhesive film is proposed using tailored rigid-flexible dual-stiffness nanoparticles (DSNs) composed of a rigid inorganic core and an elastic reactive coil shell. The hierarchically structured nanoparticles were prepared from SiO2 nanoparticles via the sequential surface modification with photoreactive flexible chains. The fabricated elastic adhesive film containing DSNs with an average diameter of 20 nm showed a high optical transmittance of 92% and adhesion strength of 19.9 N/25 mm. Increasing the content of the tailored nanoparticles in the adhesive film improved the elastic properties of the film such as elastic modulus (7.0 kPa), stress relaxation ratio (18.4%), and strain recovery rate (73.6%) due to the efficient elastic motion of the embedded DSNs. In addition, as the surface grafting density of elastic coil groups in the nanoparticle increased, a stronger bonding network was formed between the nanoparticles and the acrylic polymer matrix, thereby further improving the stress relaxation ratio (18.0%) and strain recovery rate (77.1%) of the optical film. Thus, the utilization of novel dual-stiffness nanoparticles produces optical adhesive films with high elasticity and optical transparency that are capable of withstanding external forces such as folding and stretching, which is essential for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoongook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyun Byun
- Module Research Team, Samsung Display, Yongin 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
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Organic Thin-Film Transistors as Gas Sensors: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010003. [PMID: 33375044 PMCID: PMC7792760 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are miniaturized devices based upon the electronic responses of organic semiconductors. In comparison to their conventional inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors are cheaper, can undergo reversible doping processes and may have electronic properties chiefly modulated by molecular engineering approaches. More recently, OTFTs have been designed as gas sensor devices, displaying remarkable performance for the detection of important target analytes, such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the working principle of OTFTs for gas sensing, with concise descriptions of devices’ architectures and parameter extraction based upon a constant charge carrier mobility model. Then, it moves on with methods of device fabrication and physicochemical descriptions of the main organic semiconductors recently applied to gas sensors (i.e., since 2015 but emphasizing even more recent results). Finally, it describes the achievements of OTFTs in the detection of important gas pollutants alongside an outlook toward the future of this exciting technology.
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46
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Song C, Noh G, Kim TS, Kang M, Song H, Ham A, Jo MK, Cho S, Chai HJ, Cho SR, Cho K, Park J, Song S, Song I, Bang S, Kwak JY, Kang K. Growth and Interlayer Engineering of 2D Layered Semiconductors for Future Electronics. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16266-16300. [PMID: 33301290 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered materials that do not form a covalent bond in a vertical direction can be prepared in a few atoms to one atom thickness without dangling bonds. This distinctive characteristic of limiting thickness around the sub-nanometer level allowed scientists to explore various physical phenomena in the quantum realm. In addition to the contribution to fundamental science, various applications were proposed. Representatively, they were suggested as a promising material for future electronics. This is because (i) the dangling-bond-free nature inhibits surface scattering, thus carrier mobility can be maintained at sub-nanometer range; (ii) the ultrathin nature allows the short-channel effect to be overcome. In order to establish fundamental discoveries and utilize them in practical applications, appropriate preparation methods are required. On the other hand, adjusting properties to fit the desired application properly is another critical issue. Hence, in this review, we first describe the preparation method of layered materials. Proper growth techniques for target applications and the growth of emerging materials at the beginning stage will be extensively discussed. In addition, we suggest interlayer engineering via intercalation as a method for the development of artificial crystal. Since infinite combinations of the host-intercalant combination are possible, it is expected to expand the material system from the current compound system. Finally, inevitable factors that layered materials must face to be used as electronic applications will be introduced with possible solutions. Emerging electronic devices realized by layered materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Gichang Noh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Minsoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hwayoung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ayoung Ham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Operando Methodology and Measurement Team, Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seorin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Chai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seong Rae Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kiwon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeongwon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seungwoo Song
- Operando Methodology and Measurement Team, Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Intek Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Andong National University, Andong 36728, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Bang
- Materials & Production Engineering Research Institute, LG Electronics, Pyeongtaek-si 17709, Korea
| | - Joon Young Kwak
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kibum Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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47
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Synthesis, properties, and molecular simulations of high‐barrier polyimide containing carbazole moiety and amide group in the main chain. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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Kadumudi FB, Trifol J, Jahanshahi M, Zsurzsan TG, Mehrali M, Zeqiraj E, Shaki H, Alehosseini M, Gundlach C, Li Q, Dong M, Akbari M, Knott A, Almdal K, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. Flexible and Green Electronics Manufactured by Origami Folding of Nanosilicate-Reinforced Cellulose Paper. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48027-48039. [PMID: 33035422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Today's consumer electronics are made from nonrenewable and toxic components. They are also rigid, bulky, and manufactured in an energy-inefficient manner via CO2-generating routes. Though petroleum-based polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate can address the rigidity issue, they have a large carbon footprint and generate harmful waste. Scalable routes for manufacturing electronics that are both flexible and ecofriendly (Fleco) could address the challenges in the field. Ideally, such substrates must incorporate into electronics without compromising device performance. In this work, we demonstrate that a new type of wood-based [nanocellulose (NC)] material made via nanosilicate (NS) reinforcement can yield flexible electronics that can bend and roll without loss of electrical function. Specifically, the NSs interact electrostatically with NC to reinforce thermal and mechanical properties. For instance, films containing 34 wt % of NS displayed an increased young's modulus (1.5 times), thermal stability (290 → 310 °C), and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (40 ppm/K). These films can also easily be separated and renewed into new devices through simple and low-energy processes. Moreover, we used very cheap and environmentally friendly NC from American Value Added Pulping (AVAP) technology, American Process, and therefore, the manufacturing cost of our NS-reinforced NC paper is much cheaper ($0.016 per dm-2) than that of conventional NC-based substrates. Looking forward, the methodology highlighted herein is highly attractive as it can unlock the secrets of Fleco electronics and transform otherwise bulky, rigid, and "difficult-to-process" rigid circuits into more aesthetic and flexible ones while simultaneously bringing relief to an already-overburdened ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jon Trifol
- Danish Polymer Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohammadjavad Jahanshahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, 4340847 Bam, Iran
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, 9971756499 Chabahar, Iran
| | - Tiberiu-Gabriel Zsurzsan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Health Technology, Institute of Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eva Zeqiraj
- Department of Physics, DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hossein Shaki
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, 14115-111 Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Alehosseini
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Gundlach
- Department of Physics, DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Victoria, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, BC V8P 5C2 Victoria, Canada
| | - Arnold Knott
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Institute of Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hoang AT, Katiyar AK, Shin H, Mishra N, Forti S, Coletti C, Ahn JH. Epitaxial Growth of Wafer-Scale Molybdenum Disulfide/Graphene Heterostructures by Metal-Organic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy and Their Application in Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44335-44344. [PMID: 32877158 PMCID: PMC7735665 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures have attracted increasing interest, owing to the combined benefits of their constituents. These hybrid nanostructures can be realized via epitaxial growth, which offers a promising approach for the controlled synthesis of the desired crystal phase and the interface between van der Waals layers. Here, the epitaxial growth of a continuous molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film on large-area graphene, which was directly grown on a sapphire substrate, is reported. Interestingly, the grain size of MoS2 grown on graphene increases, whereas that of MoS2 grown on SiO2 decreases with an increasing amount of hydrogen in the chemical vapor deposition reactor. In addition, to achieve the same quality, MoS2 grown on graphene requires a much lower growth temperature (400 °C) than that grown on SiO2 (580 °C). The MoS2/graphene heterostructure that was epitaxially grown on a transparent platform was investigated to explore its photosensing properties and was found to exhibit inverse photoresponse with highly uniform photoresponsivity in the photodetector pixels fabricated across a full wafer. The MoS2/graphene heterostructure exhibited ultrahigh photoresponsivity (4.3 × 104 A W-1) upon exposure to visible light of a wide range of wavelengths, confirming the growth of a high-quality MoS2/graphene heterostructure with a clean interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajit K. Katiyar
- School of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechang Shin
- School of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Center for Nanotechnology
Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stiven Forti
- Center for Nanotechnology
Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology
Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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50
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Lin CC, Yeh SY, Huang WL, Xu YX, Huang YS, Yeh TH, Tien CH, Chen LC, Tseng ZL. Using Thermally Crosslinkable Hole Transporting Layer to Improve Interface Characteristics for Perovskite CsPbBr 3 Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102243. [PMID: 33003517 PMCID: PMC7601921 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a thermally crosslinkable 9,9-Bis[4-[(4-ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]-N2,N7-di-1-naphthalenyl-N2,N7-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (VB-FNPD) film served as the hole transporting layer (HTL) of perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) was investigated and reported. The VB-FNPD film crosslinked at various temperatures in the range of 100~230 °C followed by a spin-coating process to improve their chemical bonds in an attempt to resist the erosion from the organic solvent in the remaining fabrication process. It is shown that the device with VB-FNPD HTL crosslinking at 170 °C has the highest luminance of 7702 cd/m2, the maximum current density (J) of 41.98 mA/cm2, the maximum current efficiency (CE) of 5.45 Cd/A, and the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.64%. Our results confirm that the proposed thermally crosslinkable VB-FNPD is a candidate for the HTL of QD-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Mathematic and Physical Sciences, General Education, R.O.C. Air Force Academy, Kaohsiung 820008, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Yang Yeh
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-Y.Y.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-X.X.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - You-Xun Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-X.X.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Yan-Siang Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-X.X.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Tzu-Hung Yeh
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Ho Tien
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-Y.Y.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Lung-Chien Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-Y.Y.); (C.-H.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.-C.C.); (Z.-L.T.)
| | - Zong-Liang Tseng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-X.X.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (L.-C.C.); (Z.-L.T.)
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