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Guilherme E, D'Apolito C, Muniz F, Lomba SO, Aldrin L, Hsiou AS. New fossil anhingids from the upper Acre River (Late Miocene of southwestern Amazon). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2047-2064. [PMID: 37779325 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Four extant species of anhingids are found worldwide, all belonging to a single genus (Anhinga). However, the fossil record reveals a much greater diversity of this group in the past. The oldest known anhingids date back to the upper Oligocene period in Australia, but during the Miocene epoch in South America, they achieved their most remarkable diversity. This study describes newly discovered anhingid fossils from the Late Miocene period in South America. These fossils were extracted from the Acre conglomerate member, part of the Upper Miocene deposits in the southwestern Amazon region. The described fossils consist of two fragments of pelvic girdles, two femora, and two vertebrae belonging to a giant anhingid (Macranhinga sp.), as well as a vertebra from Anhinga minuta, the smallest of all darters. The examination of these fossils suggests the presence of potentially three distinct anhingid taxa within the same locality. The environment in which the conglomerate deposits were formed was ecologically complex. It is likely that these three species coexisted within the same ecosystem but avoided direct competition for food and reproductive sites by not fully exploiting their fundamental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Guilherme
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Carlos D'Apolito
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Fellipe Muniz
- Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Oliveira Lomba
- Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Aldrin
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Annie Schmaltz Hsiou
- Laboratório de Paleontologia, Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, FFCLRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Massip-Veloso Y, Hoagstrom CW, McMahan CD, Matamoros WA. Biogeography of Greater Antillean freshwater fishes, with a review of competing hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:901-927. [PMID: 38205676 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In biogeography, vicariance and long-distance dispersal are often characterised as competing scenarios. However, they are related concepts, both relying on collective geological, ecological, and phylogenetic evidence. This is illustrated by freshwater fishes, which may immigrate to islands either when freshwater connections are temporarily present and later severed (vicariance), or by unusual means when ocean gaps are crossed (long-distance dispersal). Marine barriers have a strong filtering effect on freshwater fishes, limiting immigrants to those most capable of oceanic dispersal. The roles of vicariance and dispersal are debated for freshwater fishes of the Greater Antilles. We review three active hypotheses [Cretaceous vicariance, Greater Antilles-Aves Ridge (GAARlandia), long-distance dispersal] and propose long-distance dispersal to be an appropriate model due to limited support for freshwater fish use of landspans. Greater Antillean freshwater fishes have six potential source bioregions (defined from faunal similarity): Northern Gulf of México, Western Gulf of México, Maya Terrane, Chortís Block, Eastern Panamá, and Northern South America. Faunas of the Greater Antilles are composed of taxa immigrating from many of these bioregions, but there is strong compositional disharmony between island and mainland fish faunas (>90% of Antillean species are cyprinodontiforms, compared to <10% in Northern Gulf of México and Northern South America, and ≤50% elsewhere), consistent with a hypothesis of long-distance dispersal. Ancestral-area reconstruction analysis indicates there were 16 or 17 immigration events over the last 51 million years, 14 or 15 of these by cyprinodontiforms. Published divergence estimates and evidence available for each immigration event suggests they occurred at different times and by different pathways, possibly with rafts of vegetation discharged from rivers or washed to sea during storms. If so, ocean currents likely provide critical pathways for immigration when flowing from one landmass to another. On the other hand, currents create dispersal barriers when flowing perpendicularly between landmasses. In addition to high salinity tolerance, cyprinodontiforms collectively display a variety of adaptations that could enhance their ability to live with rafts (small body size, viviparity, low metabolism, amphibiousness, diapause, self-fertilisation). These adaptations likely also helped immigrants establish island populations after arrival and to persist long term thereafter. Cichlids may have used a pseudo bridge (Nicaragua Rise) to reach the Greater Antilles. Gars (Lepisosteidae) may have crossed the Straits of Florida to Cuba, a relatively short crossing that is not a barrier to gene flow for several cyprinodontiform immigrants. Indeed, widespread distributions of Quaternary migrants (Cyprinodon, Gambusia, Kryptolebias), within the Greater Antilles and among neighbouring bioregions, imply that long-distance dispersal is not necessarily inhibitory for well-adapted species, even though it appears to be virtually impossible for all other freshwater fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibril Massip-Veloso
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biodiversidad y Conservación de Ecosistemas Tropicales, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, C.P. 29039, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | | | - Wilfredo A Matamoros
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biodiversidad y Conservación de Ecosistemas Tropicales, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, C.P. 29039, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
- Laboratorio de Diversidad Acuática y Biogeografía, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, C.P. 29039, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
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Salgado-Roa FC, Pardo-Diaz C, Rueda-M N, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Lasso E, Salazar C. The Andes as a semi-permeable geographical barrier: Genetic connectivity between structured populations in a widespread spider. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17361. [PMID: 38634856 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Geographical barriers like mountain ranges impede genetic exchange among populations, promoting diversification. The effectiveness of these barriers in limiting gene flow varies between lineages due to each species' dispersal modes and capacities. Our understanding of how the Andes orogeny contributes to species diversification comes from well-studied vertebrates and a few arthropods and plants, neglecting organisms unable to fly or walk long distances. Some arachnids, such as Gasteracantha cancriformis, have been hypothesized to disperse long distances via ballooning (i.e. using their silk to interact with the wind). Yet, we do not know how the environment and geography shape its genetic diversity. Therefore, we tested whether the Andes contributed to the diversification of G. cancriformis acting as an absolute or semi-permeable barrier to genetic connectivity between populations of this spider at opposite sides of the mountain range. We sampled thousands of loci across the distribution of the species and implemented population genetics, phylogenetic, and landscape genetic analyses. We identified two genetically distinct groups structured by the Central Andes, and a third less structured group in the Northern Andes that shares ancestry with the previous two. This structure is largely explained by the altitude along the Andes, which decreases in some regions, possibly facilitating cross-Andean dispersal and gene flow. Our findings support that altitude in the Andes plays a major role in structuring populations in South America, but the strength of this barrier can be overcome by organisms with long-distance dispersal modes together with altitudinal depressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Salgado-Roa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolina Pardo-Diaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicol Rueda-M
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Museo de Zoología & Extensión USFQ Galápagos GAIAS, Galapagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eloisa Lasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Estación Científica Coiba AIP, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tejada JV, Antoine PO, Münch P, Billet G, Hautier L, Delsuc F, Condamine FL. Bayesian Total-Evidence Dating Revisits Sloth Phylogeny and Biogeography: A Cautionary Tale on Morphological Clock Analyses. Syst Biol 2024; 73:125-139. [PMID: 38041854 PMCID: PMC11129595 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining morphological and molecular characters through Bayesian total-evidence dating allows inferring the phylogenetic and timescale framework of both extant and fossil taxa, while accounting for the stochasticity and incompleteness of the fossil record. Such an integrative approach is particularly needed when dealing with clades such as sloths (Mammalia: Folivora), for which developmental and biomechanical studies have shown high levels of morphological convergence whereas molecular data can only account for a limited percentage of their total species richness. Here, we propose an alternative hypothesis of sloth evolution that emphasizes the pervasiveness of morphological convergence and the importance of considering the fossil record and an adequate taxon sampling in both phylogenetic and biogeographic inferences. Regardless of different clock models and morphological datasets, the extant sloth Bradypus is consistently recovered as a megatherioid, and Choloepus as a mylodontoid, in agreement with molecular-only analyses. The recently extinct Caribbean sloths (Megalocnoidea) are found to be a monophyletic sister-clade of Megatherioidea, in contrast to previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Our results contradict previous morphological analyses and further support the polyphyly of "Megalonychidae," whose members were found in five different clades. Regardless of taxon sampling and clock models, the Caribbean colonization of sloths is compatible with the exhumation of islands along Aves Ridge and its geological time frame. Overall, our total-evidence analysis illustrates the difficulty of positioning highly incomplete fossils, although a robust phylogenetic framework was recovered by an a posteriori removal of taxa with high percentages of missing characters. Elimination of these taxa improved topological resolution by reducing polytomies and increasing node support. However, it introduced a systematic and geographic bias because most of these incomplete specimens are from northern South America. This is evident in biogeographic reconstructions, which suggest Patagonia as the area of origin of many clades when taxa are underrepresented, but Amazonia and/or Central and Southern Andes when all taxa are included. More generally, our analyses demonstrate the instability of topology and divergence time estimates when using different morphological datasets and clock models and thus caution against making macroevolutionary inferences when node support is weak or when uncertainties in the fossil record are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Tejada
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Antoine
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Münch
- Géosciences Montpellier, UMR 5243, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Billet
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie—Paris, CR2P—UMR 7207, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 8 rue Buffon 75005, Paris
| | - Lionel Hautier
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Delsuc
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Lopes JC, Fonseca LHM, Johnson DM, Luebert F, Murray N, Nge FJ, Rodrigues-Vaz C, Soulé V, Onstein RE, Lohmann LG, Couvreur TLP. Dispersal from Africa to the Neotropics was followed by multiple transitions across Neotropical biomes facilitated by frugivores. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:659-676. [PMID: 37968940 PMCID: PMC11082516 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Plant disjunctions have fascinated biogeographers and ecologists for a long time. We use tribe Bocageeae (Annonaceae), a predominantly Neotropical plant group distributed across several present-day Neotropical biomes and with an African-American disjunction, to investigate long-distance dispersal mediated by frugivorous animals at both intercontinental and intracontinental scales. METHODS We reconstructed a species-level phylogeny of tribe Bocageeae with a dataset composed of 116 nuclear markers. We sampled 70 % of Bocageeae species, covering their geographical range and representing all eight genera. We estimated divergence times using BEAST, inferred ancestral range distributions and reconstructed ancestral states for fruit traits related to long-distance dispersal in a Bayesian framework. KEY RESULTS The ancestral Bocageeae date to the Early Eocene and were inferred to occur in Africa and proto-Amazonia. Their ancestral fruits were large and dehiscent. The first lineage split gave rise to an exclusively Neotropical clade during the Middle Eocene, in proto-Amazonia. Range exchange between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest occurred at least once during the Miocene, and from Amazonia to Central America and Mexico during the Early Miocene. Transitions in different sets of fruit morphologies were inferred to be related to dispersal events across South American regions/biomes. CONCLUSIONS In Bocageeae, mammals might have been responsible for long-distance dispersal through the Boreotropics. In the Neotropics, proto-Amazonia is proposed to be the source for dispersal to other tropical American biomes. Long-distance dispersal might have happened via a wide range of dispersal guilds, depending on frugivore radiations, diversity and abundance in particular time periods and places. Hence, inter- and intracontinental dispersal might not rely on a single dispersal syndrome or guild, but more on the availability of frugivorous lineages for seed dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer C Lopes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, USA
| | - Federico Luebert
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departmento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Murray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, USA
| | - Francis J Nge
- IRD, UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos Rodrigues-Vaz
- IRD, UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Soulé
- IRD, UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Renske E Onstein
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University and Jepson Herbaria, and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L P Couvreur
- IRD, UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dagallier LPMJ, Condamine FL, Couvreur TLP. Sequential diversification with Miocene extinction and Pliocene speciation linked to mountain uplift explains the diversity of the African rain forest clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:677-696. [PMID: 37659091 PMCID: PMC11082524 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Throughout the Cenozoic, Africa underwent several climatic and geological changes impacting the evolution of tropical rain forests (TRFs). African TRFs are thought to have extended from east to west in a 'pan-African' TRF, followed by several events of fragmentation during drier climate periods. During the Miocene, climate cooling and mountain uplift led to the aridification of tropical Africa and open habitats expanded at the expense of TRFs, which probably experienced local extinctions. However, in plants, these drivers were previously inferred using limited taxonomic and molecular data. Here, we tested the impact of climate and geological changes on diversification within the diverse clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae) composed of 90 tree species restricted to African TRFs. METHODS We reconstructed a near-complete phylogenetic tree, based on 32 nuclear genes, and dated using relaxed clocks and fossil calibrations in a Bayesian framework. We inferred the biogeographical history and the diversification dynamics of the clade using multiple birth-death models. KEY RESULTS Monodoreae originated in East African TRFs ~25 million years ago (Ma) and expanded toward Central Africa during the Miocene. We inferred range contractions during the middle Miocene and document important connections between East and West African TRFs after 15-13 Ma. Our results indicated a sudden extinction event during the late Miocene, followed by an increase in speciation rates. Birth-death models suggested that African elevation change (orogeny) is positively linked to speciation in this clade. CONCLUSION East Africa is inferred as an important source of Monodoreae species, and possibly for African plant diversity in general. Our results support a 'sequential scenario of diversification' in which increased aridification triggered extinction of TRF species in Monodoreae. This was quickly followed by fragmentation of rain forests, subsequently enhancing lagged speciation resulting from vicariance and improved climate conditions. In contrast to previous ideas, the uplift of East Africa is shown to have played a positive role in Monodoreae diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo-Paul M J Dagallier
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Amador LI, Arias JS, Giannini NP. Historical biogeography of the Neotropical noctilionoid bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea), revisited through a geographically explicit analysis. Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 38703085 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogeographic studies have generally relied on methods that use a few, large predefined areas, which may overlook fine-scale patterns. Here we test previous hypotheses about the biogeographic history of a diverse bat clade regarding its association with major Neotropical geological formations, particularly the Antilles, the South American Dry Diagonal, the Andes and the Panamanian land bridge, by applying a recently available method that uses actual distributions instead of predefined areas. We compiled and curated spatially explicit, georeferenced data of 173 bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea) from the online database Global Biodiversity Information Facility. By taking a previous comprehensive phylogeny as an evolutionary framework, we performed computationally intensive analyses using the Geographically-explicit Event Model. This method uses the observed species distributions to reconstruct the ancestral areas and biogeographic events at each phylogeny node. We found that sympatric speciation was the most frequently reconstructed event, and involved mainly the Panamanian Isthmus and northern South America (SA), but all sympatry reconstructions were different and specific to each node. Allopatric events were important in the Andes; vicariance caused both west/east and north/south disjunctions that went unnoticed previously. Founder events indicated bidirectional dispersal between the mainland and the Antilles since the Miocene, and across the incomplete Panamanian bridge and the SA Dry Diagonal since the early Pliocene. Overall, we found support for previous hypotheses on the influence of major Neotropical paleogeographic events in the diversification of the group, but additionally revealed multi-scale patterns that are embedded within the mainland and were previously overlooked. Our results highlight a trans-isthmian centre of diversification in the biogeographic history of Noctilionoidea including the Panamanian Isthmus and Northern SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila I Amador
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - J Salvador Arias
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Norberto P Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 77th Street, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Witteveen NH, White C, Sánchez-Martínez BA, Philip A, Boyd F, Booij R, Christ R, Singh S, Gosling WD, Piperno DR, McMichael CNH. Pre-contact and post-colonial ecological legacies shape Surinamese rainforests. Ecology 2024; 105:e4272. [PMID: 38590101 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in tropical forests can have long-lasting ecological impacts, but their manifestations (ecological legacies) in modern forests are uncertain. Many Amazonian forests bear the mark of past soil modifications, species enrichments, and fire events, but the trajectories of ecological legacies from the pre-contact or post-colonial period remain relatively unexplored. We assessed the fire and vegetation history from 15 soil cores ranging from 0 to 10 km from a post-colonial Surinamese archaeological site. We show that (1) fires occurred from 96 bc to recent times and induced significant vegetation change, (2) persistent ecological legacies from pre-contact and post-colonial fire and deforestation practices were mainly within 1 km of the archaeological site, and (3) palm enrichment of Attalea, Oenocarpus and Astrocaryum occurred within 0, 1, and 8 km of the archaeological site, respectively. Our results challenge the notion of spatially extensive and persistent ecological legacies. Instead, our data indicate that the persistence and extent of ecological legacies are dependent on their timing, frequency, type, and intensity. Examining the mechanisms and manifestations of ecological legacies is crucial in assessing forest resilience and Indigenous and local land rights in the highly threatened Amazonian forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Witteveen
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cheryl White
- Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Barbara A Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Philip
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Femke Boyd
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roemer Booij
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reyan Christ
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Santosh Singh
- Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - William D Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dolores R Piperno
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Crystal N H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Silva FLD, de Medeiros BAS, Farrell BD. Once upon a fly: The biogeographical odyssey of Labrundinia (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae), an aquatic non-biting midge towards diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108025. [PMID: 38342160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Labrundinia is a highly recognizable lineage in the Pentaneurini tribe (Diptera, Chironomidae). The distinct predatory free-swimming larvae of this genus are typically present in unpolluted aquatic environments, such as small streams, ponds, lakes, and bays. They can be found on the bottom mud, clinging to rocks and wood, and dwelling among aquatic vegetation. Labrundinia has been extensively studied in ecological research and comprises 39 species, all but one of which has been described from regions outside the Palearctic. Earlier phylogenetic studies have suggested that the initial diversification of the genus likely occurred in the Neotropical Region, with its current presence in the Nearctic Region and southern South America being the result of subsequent dispersal events. Through the integration of molecular and morphological data in a calibrated phylogeny, we reveal a complex and nuanced evolutionary history for Labrundinia, providing insights into its biogeographical and diversification patterns. In this comprehensive study, we analyze a dataset containing 46 Labrundinia species, totaling 10,662 characters, consisting of 10,616 nucleotide sites and 46 morphological characters. The molecular data was generated mainly by anchored enrichment hybrid methods. Using this comprehensive dataset, we inferred the phylogeny of the group based on a total evidence matrix. Subsequently, we employed the generated tree for time calibration and further analysis of biogeography and diversification patterns. Our findings reveal multiple dispersal events out of the Neotropics, where the group originated in the late Cretaceous approximately 72 million years ago (69-78 Ma). We further reveal that the genus experienced an early burst of diversification rates during the Paleocene, which gradually decelerated towards the present-day. We also find that the Neotropics have played a pivotal role in the evolution of Labrundinia by serving as both a cradle and a museum. By "cradle," we mean that the region has been a hotspot for the origin and diversification of new Labrundinia lineages, while "museum" refers to the region's ability to preserve ancestral lineages over extended periods. In summary, our findings indicate that the Neotropics have been a key source of genetic diversity for Labrundinia, resulting in the development of distinctive adaptations and characteristics within the genus. This evidence highlights the crucial role that these regions have played in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of Labrundinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Laurindo da Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Biodiversity and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Bruno A S de Medeiros
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Chicago, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Brian D Farrell
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
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10
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Rocha VDD, Dal'Sasso TCDS, Williams CCV, Simon MF, Bueno ML, Oliveira LOD. From forest to savanna and back to forest: Evolutionary history of the genus Dimorphandra (Fabaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:377-393. [PMID: 38369599 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The tree genus Dimorphandra (Fabaceae), which contains 26 species divided into three subgenera, was studied using DNA sequence data from six chloroplast genome regions (cpDNA) and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The analyses, which included Bayesian phylogenies and haplotype networks, ancestral area reconstructions, and ecological niche modeling, allowed for exploring the evolutionary history of Dimorphandra. Within the subgenus Phaneropsia, the cpDNA sequence data were more closely-related to species from the genus Mora, while the ITS sequence data displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship with the subgenus Pocillum. This incongruence may be due to incomplete lineage sorting associated with ancient polymorphisms. The Amazonian Dimophandra lineages were highly polymorphic and divergent, while those from the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest had low levels of polymorphisms. The Amazon likely gave rise to the Dimophandra lineage that produced the Cerrado species, while a Cerrado lineage likely gave rise to the Atlantic Forest species. Habitat shifts were identified as a key factor in shaping the late evolutionary history of Dimorphandra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Delgado da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Carolina da Silva Dal'Sasso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
- Environmental Genomics Group, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcelo Leandro Bueno
- Laboratório de Macroecologia e Evolução (LAMEV), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Orlando de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
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11
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Ardila-Camacho A, Machado RJP, Ohl M, Contreras-Ramos A. A camouflaged diversity: taxonomic revision of the thorny lacewing subfamily Symphrasinae (Neuroptera, Rhachiberothidae). Zookeys 2024; 1199:1-409. [PMID: 38725711 PMCID: PMC11077268 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1199.115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of the thorny lacewing subfamily Symphrasinae (Neuroptera: Rhachiberothidae) are revised. Prior to this work, 42 species were known in the genera Anchieta Navás, 1909, Plega Navás, 1928, and Trichoscelia Westwood, 1852. Herein, the number of species is increased to 60, 23 of which are newly described. Species previously known are redescribed, and their taxonomic status is revised. Keys, diagnoses, and high-resolution images for all species are presented. The distribution range of Anchieta is now known from Costa Rica to southern Brazil with a total of 11 species, of which three are newly described. The genus Plega is known from southwestern United States to southern Brazil and includes 28 species of which 14 are described as new. Moreover, the genus Trichoscelia occurs from central and southern Mexico to Argentina, with a total of 21 species, of which six are herein newly described. A phylogenetic analysis of Symphrasinae based on morphological characters recovered the three symphrasine genera as monophyletic, with Anchieta sister to Plega + Trichoscelia. The three genera are newly diagnosed based on a cladistic framework. Within the genus Anchieta, bee-mimicking species comprise a monophyletic group, while wasp-mimicking species form a laddered sequence to that lineage. Within Plega, three lineages are recovered, the first mostly composed of South and Mesoamerican species, the second with species predominantly from Central America and central and southern Mexico, and a third clade encompassing species mostly from central and northern Mexico and southwestern United States. By contrast, relationships between species of Trichoscelia were poorly resolved because of a simplified and conserved morphology of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ardila-Camacho
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Depto. de Zoología, Apdo. Postal 70-153, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Universidad Distrital “Francisco José de Caldas”, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Naturales, Carrera 4 # 26D-31, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Michael Ohl
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Atilano Contreras-Ramos
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Depto. de Zoología, Apdo. Postal 70-153, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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12
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Medeiros LADE, Gentil E, Kaefer IL, Cohn-Haft M. Distribution and diversification of Adelphobates, emblematic poison frogs from Brazilian Amazonia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230659. [PMID: 38655924 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adelphobates contains three species, and the inaccurate identification of A. quinquevittatus and the scarcity of records of A. castaneoticus complicate inference of their distributions; the latter species occurs in sympatry with A. galactonotus. Our objective was to revise the distributions of Adelphobates by compiling data and modeling habitat suitability, as range limits may be shaped by landscape features and biotic interactions. We initially analyzed the existence of operational taxonomic units within the nominal species and subsequently inferred the observed and potential distributions, taking into account the possible independent lineages for the three species, and we also generated a molecular timetree to understand the chronology of interspecific diversification events. Adelphobates quinquevittatus was found to have a more easterly distribution than previously described, and specimens with phenotypic variation were found to occur in areas inconsistent with the modeling, and A. castaneoticus was concentrated in the Tapajós-Xingu interfluve, surrounded by A. galactonotus. Models indicated that the right bank of the Xingu River is suitable for both species, indeed, both were found there. Despite Adelphobates species having their distributions delimited by major Amazonian rivers, estimated divergence times predate the formation of the modern river network, suggesting that other mechanisms were involved in their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A DE Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gentil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Igor L Kaefer
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Mario Cohn-Haft
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coleção de Aves, Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
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13
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Almeida-Silva D, Servino LM, Pontes-Nogueira M, Sawaya RJ. Marine introgressions and Andean uplift have driven diversification in neotropical Monkey tree frogs (Anura, Phyllomedusinae). PeerJ 2024; 12:e17232. [PMID: 38646479 PMCID: PMC11027904 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The species richness in the Neotropics has been linked to environmental heterogeneity and a complex geological history. We evaluated which biogeographic processes were associated with the diversification of Monkey tree frogs, an endemic clade from the Neotropics. We tested two competing hypotheses: the diversification of Phyllomedusinae occurred either in a "south-north" or a "north-south" direction in the Neotropics. We also hypothesized that marine introgressions and Andean uplift had a crucial role in promoting their diversification. We used 13 molecular markers in a Bayesian analysis to infer phylogenetic relationships among 57 species of Phyllomedusinae and to estimate their divergence times. We estimated ancestral ranges based on 12 biogeographic units considering the landscape modifications of the Neotropical region. We found that the Phyllomedusinae hypothetical ancestor range was probably widespread throughout South America, from Western Amazon to Southern Atlantic Forest, at 29.5 Mya. The Phyllomedusines' ancestor must have initially diverged through vicariance, generally followed by jump-dispersals and sympatric speciation. Dispersal among areas occurred mostly from Western Amazonia towards Northern Andes and the South American diagonal of dry landscapes, a divergent pattern from both "south-north" and "north-south" diversification hypotheses. Our results revealed a complex diversification process of Monkey tree frogs, occurring simultaneously with the orogeny of Northern Andes and the South American marine introgressions in the last 30 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Almeida-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Miguel Lillo, Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Matheus Servino
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pontes-Nogueira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J. Sawaya
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Fonseca EM, Pope NS, Peterman WE, Werneck FP, Colli GR, Carstens BC. Genetic structure and landscape effects on gene flow in the Neotropical lizard Norops brasiliensis (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Heredity (Edinb) 2024:10.1038/s41437-024-00682-5. [PMID: 38575800 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
One key research goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the origin and maintenance of genetic variation. In the Cerrado, the South American savanna located primarily in the Central Brazilian Plateau, many hypotheses have been proposed to explain how landscape features (e.g., geographic distance, river barriers, topographic compartmentalization, and historical climatic fluctuations) have promoted genetic structure by mediating gene flow. Here, we asked whether these landscape features have influenced the genetic structure and differentiation in the lizard species Norops brasiliensis (Squamata: Dactyloidae). To achieve our goal, we used a genetic clustering analysis and estimate an effective migration surface to assess genetic structure in the focal species. Optimized isolation-by-resistance models and a simulation-based approach combined with machine learning (convolutional neural network; CNN) were then used to infer current and historical effects on population genetic structure through 12 unique landscape models. We recovered five geographically distributed populations that are separated by regions of lower-than-expected gene flow. The results of the CNN showed that geographic distance is the sole predictor of genetic variation in N. brasiliensis, and that slope, rivers, and historical climate had no discernible influence on gene flow. Our novel CNN approach was accurate (89.5%) in differentiating each landscape model. CNN and other machine learning approaches are still largely unexplored in landscape genetics studies, representing promising avenues for future research with increasingly accessible genomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel M Fonseca
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Pope
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - William E Peterman
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bryan C Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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15
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Bedoya AM. Botany and geogenomics: Constraining geological hypotheses in the neotropics with large-scale genetic data derived from plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024:e16306. [PMID: 38557829 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Decades of empirical research have revealed how the geological history of our planet shaped plant evolution by establishing well-known patterns (e.g., how mountain uplift resulted in high rates of diversification and replicate radiations in montane plant taxa). This follows a traditional approach where botanical data are interpreted in light of geological events. In this synthesis, I instead describe how by integrating natural history, phylogenetics, and population genetics, botanical research can be applied alongside geology and paleontology to inform our understanding of past geological and climatic processes. This conceptual shift aligns with the goals of the emerging field of geogenomics. In the neotropics, plant geogenomics is a powerful tool for the reciprocal exploration of two long standing questions in biology and geology: how the dynamic landscape of the region came to be and how it shaped the evolution of the richest flora. Current challenges that are specific to analytical approaches for plant geogenomics are discussed. I describe the scale at which various geological questions can be addressed from biological data and what makes some groups of plants excellent model systems for geogenomics research. Although plant geogenomics is discussed with reference to the neotropics, the recommendations given here for approaches to plant geogenomics can and should be expanded to exploring long-standing questions on how the earth evolved with the use of plant DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Bedoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
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16
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Schrodt F, Vernham G, Bailey J, Field R, Gordon JE, Gray M, Hjort J, Hoorn C, Hunter Jr. ML, Larwood J, Lausch A, Monge-Ganuzas M, Miller S, van Ree D, Seijmonsbergen AC, Zarnetske PL, Daniel Kissling W. The status and future of essential geodiversity variables. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230052. [PMID: 38342208 PMCID: PMC10859226 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Rapid environmental change, natural resource overconsumption and increasing concerns about ecological sustainability have led to the development of 'Essential Variables' (EVs). EVs are harmonized data products to inform policy and to enable effective management of natural resources by monitoring global changes. Recent years have seen the instigation of new EVs beyond those established for climate, oceans and biodiversity (ECVs, EOVs and EBVs), including Essential Geodiversity Variables (EGVs). EGVs aim to consistently quantify and monitor heterogeneity of Earth-surface and subsurface abiotic features, including geology, geomorphology, hydrology and pedology. Here we assess the status and future development of EGVs to better incorporate geodiversity into policy and sustainable management of natural resources. Getting EGVs operational requires better consensus on defining geodiversity, investments into a governance structure and open platform for curating the development of EGVs, advances in harmonizing in situ measurements and linking heterogeneous databases, and development of open and accessible computational workflows for global digital mapping using machine-learning techniques. Cross-disciplinary collaboration and partnerships with governmental and private organizations are needed to ensure the successful development and uptake of EGVs across science and policy. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schrodt
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Grant Vernham
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joseph Bailey
- Department of Biology, Anglia Ruskin University - Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - John E. Gordon
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY169AL, UK
| | - Murray Gray
- Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jan Hjort
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1000 GG, The Netherlands
| | - Malcom L. Hunter Jr.
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Maine, USA
| | - Jonathan Larwood
- Strategy and Governance, Natural England, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire PE2 8YY, UK
| | - Angela Lausch
- Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony 04318, Germany
| | - Manu Monge-Ganuzas
- Geoheritage Commission, Spanish Geological Society, Busturia, Biscay 48350, Spain
| | - Stephanie Miller
- School of Biology and Ecology; Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5751, USA
| | - Derk van Ree
- Geo-engineering, Deltares, Delft 2600 MH, The Netherlands
- Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Faculteit der Betawetenschappen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Christoffel Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Phoebe L. Zarnetske
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA
| | - W. Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1090 GE, The Netherlands
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17
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Luize BG, Palma‐Silva C, Siqueira T, Silva TSF. Tree species occurring in Amazonian wetland forests consistently show broader range sizes and niche breadths than trees in upland forests. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11230. [PMID: 38681185 PMCID: PMC11045914 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Generally, species with broad niches also show large range sizes. We investigated the relationship between hydrological niche breadth and geographic range size for Amazonian tree species seeking to understand the role of habitat specialization to Amazonian wetlands and upland forests on the current distribution of tree species. We obtained 571,092 valid occurrence points from GBIF and SpeciesLink to estimate the range size and the niche breadth of 76% of all known Amazonian tree species (5150 tree species). Hydrological niche breadth was measured on different unidimensional axes defined by (1) total annual precipitation; (2) precipitation seasonality; (3) actual evapotranspiration; and (4) water table depth. Geographic range sizes were estimated using alpha-hull adjustments. General linear models were used to relate niche breadth to range size while contrasting tree species occurring and not occurring in wetlands. The hydrological niche breadth of Amazonian tree species varied mostly along the water table depth axis. The average range size for an Amazonian tree species was 751,000 km2 (median of 154,000 km2 and standard deviation of 1,550,000 km2). Niche breadth-range size relationships for Amazonian tree species were positive for all models, and the explanatory power of the models improved when including whether a species occurred in wetlands or in terrestrial uplands. Wetland species had steeper positive slopes for the niche breadth-range size relationship, and consistently larger range sizes for a given niche breadth. Amazonian tree species varied strongly in hydrological niche breadth and range size, but most species had narrow niche breadths and range sizes. Our results suggest that the South American riverscape may have been acting as a corridor for species dispersal in the Neotropical lowlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Rio ClaroBrazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
| | - Clarisse Palma‐Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
| | - Tadeu Siqueira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Rio ClaroBrazil
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Thiago Sanna Freire Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Rio ClaroBrazil
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
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18
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Vanderhoeven E, Paresque R, Mello I, Nates S, Vicentini F, Díaz A, Masachessi G. Circulation of picobirnavirus in Neotropical free-ranging mammals. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1097-1109. [PMID: 38114776 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a family of non-enveloped double-stranded RNA viruses with bisegmented genomes. Segment 1 encodes the capsid protein and segment 2 encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. They exhibit high genomic heterogeneity and infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. The objective of this study was to expand our knowledge of the circulation of PBV in free-living animals from two regions (Brazil and Argentina) of the Atlantic Forest. Fecal samples were analyzed from free-living animals: tapir, brocket deer, peccary, and different species of rodents and marsupials. A total of 133 samples were collected and analyzed by RT-PCR, of which 44 (33.08%) were PBV-positive. Nine amplicons were sequenced, five species from Argentina and four from Brazil, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The nucleotide and amino acid identities of the PBV strains detected in animals from Argentina and Brazil were between 66.3% and 82.5% and between 55.3% and 74.2%, respectively. The analysed strains presented conserved nucleotide blocks without distinction of the host species. The phylogenetic tree showed that PBV strains from Atlantic Forest animals belonging to genogroup I were grouped into different clusters, without defining groups according to host species (human or animal) or the geographical area of detection. This is the first study on PBV in free-living animals in the Atlantic Forest. Our analysis suggested that PBV strains can infect different animal species, leading to PBV transmission between animals and humans. This reinforces the hypothesis of previous crossover points in the ecology and evolution of heterologous PBV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Vanderhoeven
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roberta Paresque
- Programa de Pós Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo BR, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Iago Mello
- Programa de Pós Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo BR, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvia Nates
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Adrián Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gisela Masachessi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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19
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Alsbach CME, Seijmonsbergen AC, Hoorn C. Geodiversity in the Amazon drainage basin. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230065. [PMID: 38342214 PMCID: PMC10875704 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The Amazon is the largest drainage basin on Earth and contains a wide variety of abiotic landscape features. In spite of this, the geodiversity in this basin has not yet been objectively evaluated. We address this knowledge gap by combining a meta-analysis of an existing global geodiversity map and its components with a systematic literature review, to identify the key characteristics of geodiversity in the Amazon drainage basin (ADB). We also evaluate how these global geodiversity component maps, that are based on the geology, geomorphology, soils and hydrology, could be refined to better reflect geodiversity in the basin. Our review shows that geology-through lithological diversity and geological structures-and hydrology-through hydrological processes that influence geomorphology and soil diversity-are the main determinants of geodiversity. Based on these features, the ADB can be subdivided into three principal regions: (i) the Andean orogenic belt and western Amazon, (ii) the cratons and eastern Amazon, and (iii) the Solimões-Amazon river system. Additional methods to map geomorphological and hydrological diversity have been identified. Future research should focus on investigating the relationship between the geodiversity components and assess their relationship with biodiversity. Such knowledge can enhance conservation plans for the ADB. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile M. E. Alsbach
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Wei GY, Zhao M, Sperling EA, Gaines RR, Kalderon-Asael B, Shen J, Li C, Zhang F, Li G, Zhou C, Cai C, Chen D, Xiao KQ, Jiang L, Ling HF, Planavsky NJ, Tarhan LG. Lithium isotopic constraints on the evolution of continental clay mineral factory and marine oxygenation in the earliest Paleozoic Era. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2152. [PMID: 38552018 PMCID: PMC10980266 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of oxygen cycles on Earth's surface has been regulated by the balance between molecular oxygen production and consumption. The Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic transition likely marks the second rise in atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels, widely attributed to enhanced burial of organic carbon. However, it remains disputed how marine organic carbon production and burial respond to global environmental changes and whether these feedbacks trigger global oxygenation during this interval. Here, we report a large lithium isotopic and elemental dataset from marine mudstones spanning the upper Neoproterozoic to middle Cambrian [~660 million years ago (Ma) to 500 Ma]. These data indicate a dramatic increase in continental clay formation after ~525 Ma, likely linked to secular changes in global climate and compositions of the continental crust. Using a global biogeochemical model, we suggest that intensified continental weathering and clay delivery to the oceans could have notably increased the burial efficiency of organic carbon and facilitated greater oxygen accumulation in the earliest Paleozoic oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yi Wei
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhao
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erik A. Sperling
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Boriana Kalderon-Asael
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation and Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- Key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- International Center for Sedimentary Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry Research, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gaojun Li
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuanming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Qing Xiao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd. 18, 10085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Fei Ling
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Noah J. Planavsky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
| | - Lidya G. Tarhan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
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21
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Cyriac VP, Mohan AV, Dinesh KP, Torsekar V, Jayarajan A, Swamy P, Vijayakumar SP, Shanker K. Diversifying in the mountains: spatiotemporal diversification of frogs in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Evolution 2024; 78:701-715. [PMID: 38252792 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mountain ranges are hotspots of biodiversity. However, the mechanisms that generate biodiversity patterns in different mountainous regions and taxa are not apparent. The Western Ghats (WG) escarpment in India is a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot with high species richness and endemism. Most studies have either invoked paleoclimatic conditions or climatic stability in the southern WG refugium to explain this high diversity and endemism. However, the factors driving macroevolutionary change remain unexplored for most taxa. Here, we generated the most comprehensive dated phylogeny to date for ranoid frogs in the WG and tested the role of paleoclimatic events or climatic stability in influencing frog diversification. We found that the diversity of different ranoid frog clades in the WG either accumulated at a constant rate through time or underwent a decrease in speciation rates around 3-2.5 Ma during the Pleistocene glaciation cycles. We also find no significant difference in diversification rate estimates across elevational gradients and the three broad biogeographic zones in the WG (northern, central, and southern WG). However, time-for-speciation explained regional species richness within clades, wherein older lineages have more extant species diversity. Overall, we find that global paleoclimatic events have had little impact on WG frog diversification throughout most of its early history until the Quaternary and that the WG may have been climatically stable allowing lineages to accumulate and persist over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Philip Cyriac
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - K P Dinesh
- Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varun Torsekar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Jayarajan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Priyanka Swamy
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - S P Vijayakumar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kartik Shanker
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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22
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Yang H, Jiang R, Wen Q, Liu Y, Wu G, Huang J. The role of mountains in shaping the global meridional overturning circulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2602. [PMID: 38521775 PMCID: PMC10960852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the ocean is a key player in the global climate system, while continental topography provides an essential backdrop to the system. In this study, we design a series of coupled model sensitivity experiments to investigate the influence of various mountain ranges on the global thermohaline circulation. The results highlight the influence of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the global thermohaline circulation. It emerges as a requisite for establishing the Atlantic MOC (AMOC) and a determining factor for the cessation of the Pacific MOC (PMOC). Additionally, the Antarctic continent plays a vital role in facilitating the TP to form the AMOC. While the formation of the AMOC cannot be attributed to any single mountain range, the TP alone can inhibit the PMOC's development. By modifying the global hydrological cycle, the TP is likely to have been crucial in molding the global thermohaline circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ocean-ice System for Weather and Climate of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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23
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Benites-Palomino A, Aguirre-Fernández G, Baby P, Ochoa D, Altamirano A, Flynn JJ, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Tejada JV, de Muizon C, Salas-Gismondi R. The largest freshwater odontocete: A South Asian river dolphin relative from the proto-Amazonia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6320. [PMID: 38507490 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Several dolphin lineages have independently invaded freshwater systems. Among these, the evolution of the South Asian river dolphin Platanista and its relatives (Platanistidae) remains virtually unknown as fossils are scarce. Here, we describe Pebanista yacuruna gen. et sp. nov., a dolphin from the Miocene proto-Amazonia of Peru, recovered in phylogenies as the closest relative of Platanista. Morphological characters such as an elongated rostrum and large supraorbital crests, along with ecological interpretations, indicate that this odontocete was fully adapted to fresh waters. Pebanista constitutes the largest freshwater odontocete known, with an estimated body length of 3 meters, highlighting the ample resource availability and biotic diversity in the region, during the Early to Middle Miocene. The finding of Pebanista in proto-Amazonian layers attests that platanistids ventured into freshwater ecosystems not only in South Asia but also in South America, before the modern Amazon River dolphin, during a crucial moment for the Amazonian evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Benites-Palomino
- Department of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | | | - Patrice Baby
- Geosciences-Environnements Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UPS (SVT-OMP), CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Diana Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias e Ingienerías/Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departmento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Ali Altamirano
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | - John J Flynn
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Graduate Programs in Biology and Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Julia V Tejada
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christian de Muizon
- Departement Origines et Evolution, CR2P UMR 7207, (MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne-Université), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, rue Cuvier 57, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias e Ingienerías/Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
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24
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Bogoni JA, Peres CA, Navarro AB, Carvalho-Rocha V, Galetti M. Using historical habitat loss to predict contemporary mammal extirpations in Neotropical forests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14245. [PMID: 38456548 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding which species will be extirpated in the aftermath of large-scale human disturbance is critical to mitigating biodiversity loss, particularly in hyperdiverse tropical biomes. Deforestation is the strongest driver of contemporary local extinctions in tropical forests but may occur at different tempos. The 2 most extensive tropical forest biomes in South America-the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon-have experienced historically divergent pathways of habitat loss and biodiversity decay, providing a unique case study to investigate rates of local species persistence on a single continent. We quantified medium- to large-bodied mammal species persistence across these biomes to elucidate how landscape configuration affects their persistence and associated ecological functions. We collected occurrence data for 617 assemblages of medium- to large-bodied mammal species (>1 kg) in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon. Analyzing natural habitat cover based on satellite data (1985-2022), we employed descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLMs) to investigate ecospecies occurrence patterns in relation to habitat cover across the landscapes. The subregional erosion of Amazonian mammal assemblage diversity since the 1970s mirrors that observed since the colonial conquest of the Atlantic Forest, given that 52.8% of all Amazonian mammals are now on a similar trajectory. Four out of 5 large mammals in the Atlantic Forest were prone to extirpation, whereas 53% of Amazonian mammals were vulnerable to extirpation. Greater natural habitat cover increased the persistence likelihood of ecospecies in both biomes. These trends reflected a median local species loss 63.9% higher in the Atlantic Forest than in the Amazon, which appears to be moving toward a turning point of forest habitat loss and degradation. The contrasting trajectories of species persistence in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest domains underscore the importance of considering historical habitat loss pathways and regional biodiversity erosion in conservation strategies. By focusing on landscape configuration and identifying essential ecological functions associated with large vertebrate species, conservation planning and management practices can be better informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano A Bogoni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Pesquisa de Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal-CELBE, Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana B Navarro
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Carvalho-Rocha
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Department of Biodiversity, Center for Research in Biodiversity Dynamics and Climate Change, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA
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25
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Li W, Wang R, Liu MF, Folk RA, Xue B, Saunders RMK. Climatic and biogeographic processes underlying the diversification of the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1287171. [PMID: 38525154 PMCID: PMC10957689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1287171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Tropical forests harbor the richest biodiversity among terrestrial ecosystems, but few studies have addressed the underlying processes of species diversification in these ecosystems. We use the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae as a study system to investigate how climate and biogeographic events contribute to diversification. A super-matrix phylogeny comprising 835 taxa (34% of Annonaceae species) based on eight chloroplast regions was used in this study. We show that global temperature may better explain the recent rapid diversification in Annonaceae than time and constant models. Accelerated accumulation of niche divergence (around 15 Ma) lags behind the increase of diversification rate (around 25 Ma), reflecting a heterogeneous transition to recent diversity increases. Biogeographic events are related to only two of the five diversification rate shifts detected. Shifts in niche evolution nevertheless appear to be associated with increasingly seasonal environments. Our results do not support the direct correlation of any particular climatic niche shifts or historical biogeographical event with shifts in diversification rate. Instead, we suggest that Annonaceae diversification can lead to later niche divergence as a result of increasing interspecific competition arising from species accumulation. Shifts in niche evolution appear to be associated with increasingly seasonal environments. Our results highlight the complexity of diversification in taxa with long evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Li
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Runxi Wang
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Fai Liu
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ryan A. Folk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Bine Xue
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard M. K. Saunders
- Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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26
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Bolívar‐Leguizamón SD, Bocalini F, Silveira LF, Bravo GA. The role of biogeographical barriers on the historical dynamics of passerine birds with a circum-Amazonian distribution. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10860. [PMID: 38450322 PMCID: PMC10915597 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Common distributional patterns have provided the foundations of our knowledge of Neotropical biogeography. A distinctive pattern is the "circum-Amazonian distribution", which surrounds Amazonia across the forested lowlands south and east of the basin, the Andean foothills, the Venezuelan Coastal Range, and the Tepuis. The underlying evolutionary and biogeographical mechanisms responsible for this widespread pattern of avian distribution have yet to be elucidated. Here, we test the effects of biogeographical barriers in four species in the passerine family Thamnophilidae by performing comparative demographic analyses of genome-scale data. Specifically, we used flanking regions of ultraconserved regions to estimate population historical parameters and genealogical trees and tested demographic models reflecting contrasting biogeographical scenarios explaining the circum-Amazonian distribution. We found that taxa with circum-Amazonian distribution have at least two main phylogeographical clusters: (1) Andes, often extending into Central America and the Tepuis; and (2) the remaining of their distribution. These clusters are connected through corridors along the Chaco-Cerrado and southeastern Amazonia, allowing gene flow between Andean and eastern South American populations. Demographic histories are consistent with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations having a strong influence on the diversification history of circum-Amazonian taxa, Refugia played a crucial role, enabling both phenotypic and genetic differentiation, yet maintaining substantial interconnectedness to keep considerable levels of gene flow during different dry/cool and warm/humid periods. Additionally, steep environmental gradients appear to play a critical role in maintaining both genetic and phenotypic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D. Bolívar‐Leguizamón
- Seção de AvesMuseu de Zoologia da Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” –ESALQ–Universidade de São PauloPiracicabaBrazil
| | - Fernanda Bocalini
- Seção de AvesMuseu de Zoologia da Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luís F. Silveira
- Seção de AvesMuseu de Zoologia da Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gustavo A. Bravo
- Seção de AvesMuseu de Zoologia da Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Sección de Ornitología, Colecciones Biológicas, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von HumboldtClaustro de San AgustínVilla de Leyva, BoyacáColombia
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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27
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Vacher JP, Kok PJR, Rodrigues MT, Lima A, Hrbek T, Werneck FP, Manzi S, Thébaud C, Fouquet A. Diversification of the terrestrial frog genus Anomaloglossus (Anura, Aromobatidae) in the Guiana Shield proceeded from highlands to lowlands, with successive loss and reacquisition of endotrophy. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 192:108008. [PMID: 38181828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Two main landscapes emerge from the Guiana Shield: the highlands to the west called the Pantepui region and the Amazonian lowlands to the east, both harbouring numerous endemic species. With 32 currently recognized species, the genus Anomaloglossus stands out among Neotropical frogs as one that diversified only within the Guiana Shield both in the highlands and the lowlands. We present a time-calibrated phylogeny obtained by using combined mitogenomic and nuclear DNA, which suggests that the genus originates from Pantepui where extant lineages started diversifying around 21 Ma, and subsequently (ca. 17 Ma) dispersed during the Miocene Climatic Optimum to the lowlands of the eastern Guiana Shield where the ability to produce endotrophic tadpoles evolved. Further diversification within the lowlands in the A. stepheni group notably led to an evolutionary reversal toward exotrophy in one species group during the late Miocene, followed by reacquisition of endotrophy during the Pleistocene. These successive shifts of reproductive mode seem to have accompanied climatic oscillations. Long dry periods might have triggered evolution of exotrophy, whereas wetter climates favoured endotrophic forms, enabling colonization of terrestrial habitats distant from water. Acquisition, loss, and reacquisition of endotrophy makes Anomaloglossus unique among frogs and may largely explain the current species diversity. The micro evolutionary processes involved in these rapid shifts of reproductive mode remain to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Vacher
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UPS3, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Philippe J R Kok
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str, Łódź 90-237, Poland; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albertina Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Avenida André Araújo 2936, 69080-971 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Avenida André Araújo 2936, 69080-971 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Sophie Manzi
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UPS3, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Thébaud
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UPS3, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UPS3, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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28
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Ferreira GS, Nascimento ER, Cadena EA, Cozzuol MA, Farina BM, Pacheco MLAF, Rizzutto MA, Langer MC. The latest freshwater giants: a new Peltocephalus (Pleurodira: Podocnemididae) turtle from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Amazon. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20240010. [PMID: 38471564 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Overkill of large mammals is recognized as a key driver of Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions in the Americas and Australia. While this phenomenon primarily affected mega-mammals, its impact on large Quaternary reptiles has been debated. Freshwater turtles, due to the scarcity of giant forms in the Quaternary record, have been largely neglected in such discussions. Here we present a new giant podocnemidid turtle, Peltocephalus maturin sp. nov., from the Late Pleistocene Rio Madeira Formation in the Brazilian Amazon, that challenges this assumption. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the holotype, a massive partial lower jaw, reveal close affinities to extant Amazonian species and suggest an omnivorous diet. Body size regressions indicate Pe. maturin possibly reached about 180 cm in carapace length and is among the largest freshwater turtles ever found. This finding presents the latest known occurrence of giant freshwater turtles, hinting at coexistence with early human inhabitants in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ferreira
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Geowissenschaften Fachbereich, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E R Nascimento
- Centro de Biologia Experimental (CIBEBI), Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Geografia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - E A Cadena
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Grupo de Investigación Paleontología Neotropical Tradicional y Molecular (PaleoNeo), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Panama
| | - M A Cozzuol
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - B M Farina
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M L A F Pacheco
- Laboratório de Paleobiologia e Astrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - M A Rizzutto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Langer
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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29
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Wacker KS, Winger BM. An Elevational Phylogeographic Diversity Gradient in Neotropical Birds Is Decoupled from Speciation Rates. Am Nat 2024; 203:362-381. [PMID: 38358813 DOI: 10.1086/728598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractA key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial variation in population genetic differentiation underlie geographical gradients in speciation rates? Previous work suggests that speciation rates increase with elevation in Neotropical birds, but underlying population-level gradients remain unexplored. Here, we characterize elevational phylogeographic diversity between montane and lowland birds in the megadiverse Andes-Amazonian system and assess its relationship to speciation rates to evaluate the link between population-level differentiation and species-level diversification. We aggregated and georeferenced nearly 7,000 mitochondrial DNA sequences across 103 species or species complexes in the Andes and Amazonia and used these sequences to describe phylogeographic differentiation across both regions. Our results show increased levels of both discrete and continuous metrics of population structure in the Andean mountains compared with the Amazonian lowlands. However, higher levels of population differentiation do not predict higher rates of speciation in our dataset. Multiple potential factors may lead to our observed decoupling of initial population divergence and speciation rates, including the ephemerality of incipient species and the multifaceted nature of the speciation process, as well as methodological challenges associated with estimating rates of population differentiation and speciation.
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30
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Tribble CM, Alzate-Guarín F, Gándara E, Vartoumian A, Burleigh JG, Zenil-Ferguson R, Specht CD, Rothfels CJ. The rapid radiation of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae: Liliales), driven by the rise of the Andes. Evolution 2024; 78:221-236. [PMID: 37831628 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Geological events such as mountain uplift affect how, when, and where species diversify, but measuring those effects is a longstanding challenge. Andean orogeny impacted the evolution of regional biota by creating barriers to gene flow, opening new habitats, and changing local climate. Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) are tropical plants with (often) small, isolated ranges; in total, Bomarea species occur from central Mexico to central Chile. This genus appears to have evolved rapidly and quite recently, and rapid radiations are often challenging to resolve with traditional phylogenetic inference. In this study, we apply phylogenomics-with hundreds of loci, gene-tree-based data curation, and a multispecies-coalescent approach-to infer the phylogeny of Bomarea. We use this phylogeny to untangle the potential drivers of diversification and biogeographic history. In particular, we test if Andean orogeny contributed to the diversification of Bomarea. We find that Bomarea originated in the central Andes during the mid-Miocene, then spread north, following the trajectory of mountain uplift. Furthermore, Andean lineages diversified faster than non-Andean relatives. Bomarea thus demonstrates that-at least in some cases-geological change rather than environmental stability has driven high species diversity in a tropical biodiversity hotspot. These results also demonstrate the utility (and danger) of genome-scale data for making macroevolutionary inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Tribble
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Alzate-Guarín
- Grupo de Estudios Botánicos (GEOBOTA) and Herbario Universidad de Antioquia (HUA), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Etelvina Gándara
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Araz Vartoumian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Oral Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Chelsea D Specht
- Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Carl J Rothfels
- Department of Integrative Biology and University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Intermountain Herbarium, Department of Biology, and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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31
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Fouquet A, Kok PJR, Recoder RS, Prates I, Camacho A, Marques-Souza S, Ghellere JM, McDiarmid RW, Rodrigues MT. Relicts in the mist: Two new frog families, genera and species highlight the role of Pantepui as a biodiversity museum throughout the Cenozoic. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 191:107971. [PMID: 38000706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The iconic mountains of the Pantepui biogeographical region host many early-diverging endemic animal and plant lineages, concurring with Conan Doyle's novel about an ancient "Lost World". While this is the case of several frog lineages, others appear to have more recent origins, adding to the controversy around the diversification processes in this region. Due to its remoteness, Pantepui is challenging for biological surveys, and only a glimpse of its biodiversity has been described, which hampers comprehensive evolutionary studies in many groups. During a recent expedition to the Neblina massif on the Brazil-Venezuela border, we sampled two new frog species that could not be assigned to any known genus. Here, we perform phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomic and nuclear loci to infer the evolutionary relationships of the new taxa and support their description. We find that both species represent single lineages deeply nested within Brachycephaloidea, a major Neotropical clade of direct-developing frogs. Both species diverged >45 Ma from their closest relatives: the first is sister to all other Brachycephaloidea except for Ceuthomantis, another Pantepui endemic, and the second is sister to Brachycephalidae, endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In addition to these considerable phylogenetic and biogeographic divergences, external morphology and osteological features support the proposition of two new family and genus-level taxa to accommodate these new branches of the amphibian tree of life. These findings add to other recently described ancient vertebrate lineages from the Neblina massif, providing a bewildering reminder that our perception of the Pantepui's biodiversity remains vastly incomplete. It also provides insights into how these mountains acted as "museums" during the diversification of Brachycephaloidea and of Neotropical biotas more broadly, in line with the influential "Plateau theory". Finally, these discoveries point at the yet unknown branches of the tree of life that may go extinct, due to global climate change and zoonotic diseases, before we even learn about their existence, amphibians living at higher elevations being particularly at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 4R1 31062 cedex 9, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Philippe J R Kok
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., Łódź 90-237, Poland; Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Renato Sousa Recoder
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Prates
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Agustin Camacho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marques-Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Mario Ghellere
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roy W McDiarmid
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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32
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Vleminckx J, Hogan JA, Metz MR, Comita LS, Queenborough SA, Wright SJ, Valencia R, Zambrano M, Garwood NC. Flower production decreases with warmer and more humid atmospheric conditions in a western Amazonian forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1035-1046. [PMID: 37984822 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict that everwet western Amazonian forests will face warmer and wetter atmospheric conditions, and increased cloud cover. It remains unclear how these changes will impact plant reproductive performance, such as flowering, which plays a central role in sustaining food webs and forest regeneration. Warmer and wetter nights may cause reduced flower production, via increased dark respiration rates or alteration in the reliability of flowering cue-based processes. Additionally, more persistent cloud cover should reduce the amounts of solar irradiance, which could limit flower production. We tested whether interannual variation in flower production has changed in response to fluctuations in irradiance, rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity over 18 yrs in an everwet forest in Ecuador. Analyses of 184 plant species showed that flower production declined as nighttime temperature and relative humidity increased, suggesting that warmer nights and greater atmospheric water saturation negatively impacted reproduction. Species varied in their flowering responses to climatic variables but this variation was not explained by life form or phylogeny. Our results shed light on how plant communities will respond to climatic changes in this everwet region, in which the impacts of these changes have been poorly studied compared with more seasonal Neotropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Vleminckx
- Department of Biology of Organisms, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - J Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Margaret R Metz
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, 97219, USA
| | - Liza S Comita
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Renato Valencia
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 170143, Ecuador
| | - Milton Zambrano
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 170143, Ecuador
| | - Nancy C Garwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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33
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Flores BM, Montoya E, Sakschewski B, Nascimento N, Staal A, Betts RA, Levis C, Lapola DM, Esquível-Muelbert A, Jakovac C, Nobre CA, Oliveira RS, Borma LS, Nian D, Boers N, Hecht SB, Ter Steege H, Arieira J, Lucas IL, Berenguer E, Marengo JA, Gatti LV, Mattos CRC, Hirota M. Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. Nature 2024; 626:555-564. [PMID: 38356065 PMCID: PMC10866695 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The possibility that the Amazon forest system could soon reach a tipping point, inducing large-scale collapse, has raised global concern1-3. For 65 million years, Amazonian forests remained relatively resilient to climatic variability. Now, the region is increasingly exposed to unprecedented stress from warming temperatures, extreme droughts, deforestation and fires, even in central and remote parts of the system1. Long existing feedbacks between the forest and environmental conditions are being replaced by novel feedbacks that modify ecosystem resilience, increasing the risk of critical transition. Here we analyse existing evidence for five major drivers of water stress on Amazonian forests, as well as potential critical thresholds of those drivers that, if crossed, could trigger local, regional or even biome-wide forest collapse. By combining spatial information on various disturbances, we estimate that by 2050, 10% to 47% of Amazonian forests will be exposed to compounding disturbances that may trigger unexpected ecosystem transitions and potentially exacerbate regional climate change. Using examples of disturbed forests across the Amazon, we identify the three most plausible ecosystem trajectories, involving different feedbacks and environmental conditions. We discuss how the inherent complexity of the Amazon adds uncertainty about future dynamics, but also reveals opportunities for action. Keeping the Amazon forest resilient in the Anthropocene will depend on a combination of local efforts to end deforestation and degradation and to expand restoration, with global efforts to stop greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M Flores
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Encarni Montoya
- Geosciences Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Boris Sakschewski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Betts
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Carolina Levis
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - David M Lapola
- Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriane Esquível-Muelbert
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Nobre
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura S Borma
- Division of Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities (DIIAV), National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Da Nian
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Niklas Boers
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna B Hecht
- Luskin School for Public Affairs and Institute of the Environment, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Arieira
- Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - José A Marengo
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Natural Disasters, UNESP/CEMADEN, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luciana V Gatti
- Division of Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities (DIIAV), National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Caio R C Mattos
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marina Hirota
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Group IpES, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
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Schultz ED, Thom G, Zuquim G, Hickerson MJ, Tuomisto H, Ribas CC. Habitat specialization predicts demographic response and vulnerability of floodplain birds in Amazonia. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17221. [PMID: 38018028 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The annual flooding cycle of Amazonian rivers sustains the largest floodplains on Earth, which harbour a unique bird community. Recent studies suggest that habitat specialization drove different patterns of population structure and gene flow in floodplain birds. However, the lack of a direct estimate of habitat affinity prevents a proper test of its effects on population histories. In this work, we used occurrence data, satellite images and genomic data (ultra-conserved elements) from 24 bird species specialized on a variety of seasonally flooded environments to classify habitat affinities and test its influence on evolutionary histories of Amazonian floodplain birds. We demonstrate that birds with higher specialization in river islands and dynamic environments have gone through more recent demographic expansion and currently have less genetic diversity than floodplain generalist birds. Our results indicate that there is an intrinsic relationship between habitat affinity and environmental dynamics, influencing patterns of population structure, demographic history and genetic diversity. Within the floodplains, historical landscape changes have had more severe impacts on island specialists, making them more vulnerable to current and future anthropogenic changes, as those imposed by hydroelectric dams in the Amazon Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo D Schultz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory Thom
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gabriela Zuquim
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hanna Tuomisto
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Camila C Ribas
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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35
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Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Ruegg K, Hernández-Baños BE. Biogeographic factors contributing to the diversification of Euphoniinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae): a phylogenetic and ancestral areas analysis. Zookeys 2024; 1188:169-195. [PMID: 38230381 PMCID: PMC10790576 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1188.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Factors such as the Andean uplift, Isthmus of Panama, and climate changes have influenced bird diversity in the Neotropical region. Studying bird species that are widespread in Neotropical highlands and lowlands can help us understand the impact of these factors on taxa diversification. Our main objectives were to determine the biogeographic factors that contributed to the diversification of Euphoniinae and re-evaluate their phylogenetic relationships. The nextRAD and mitochondrial data were utilized to construct phylogenies. The ancestral distribution range was then estimated using a time-calibrated phylogeny, current species ranges, and neotropical regionalization. The phylogenies revealed two main Euphoniinae clades, Chlorophonia and Euphonia, similar to previous findings. Furthermore, each genus has distinctive subclades corresponding to morphology and geography. The biogeographic results suggest that the Andean uplift and the establishment of the western Amazon drove the vicariance of Chlorophonia and Euphonia during the Miocene. The Chlorophonia lineage originated in the Andes mountains and spread to Central America and the Mesoamerican highlands after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. Meanwhile, the ancestral area of Euphonia was the Amazonas, from which it spread to trans-Andean areas during the Pliocene and Pleistocene due to the separation of the west lowlands from Amazonas due to the Northern Andean uplift. Chlorophonia and Euphonia species migrated to the Atlantic Forest during the Pleistocene through corridors from the East Andean Humid Forest and Amazonas. These two genera had Caribbean invasions with distinct geographic origins and ages. Finally, we suggested taxonomic changes in the genus Euphonia based on the study's phylogenetic, morphological, and biogeographic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Vázquez-López
- Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra M. Ramírez-Barrera
- Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alondra K. Terrones-Ramírez
- Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sahid M. Robles-Bello
- Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca
- Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Kristen Ruegg
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca E. Hernández-Baños
- Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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36
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Palma-Silva L, Rivera-Rondón CA, Henao E, Duque SR, Piovano E, Figueira RCL, Ferreira PAL, Mejia-Rocha M, García-Rodríguez F. The influence of Amazon River connectivity to littoral meanders on long-term carbon accumulation: A case study of Lake Yahuarcaca. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167873. [PMID: 37852497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the recent changes in the accumulation of organic matter and carbon on the Yahuarcaca lake system, by means of a multiproxy paleolimnological study. The methodology based on lithological descriptions of 210Pb/137Cs-dated cores allowed us to infer the centennial sedimentation processes and carbon accumulation rates. Sedimentary facies, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, loss on ignition, carbonate, chlorophyll derivatives, stable isotopes of δ13C/δ15N, and carbon accumulation rate were analyzed. LANDSAT and photographic record of satellite images were used to reconstruct the historical geomorphological evolution of the Lake. Sediment cores yielded basal ages of 1827 and 1828 Common Era, representing the formation of lakes as a consequence of the Amazon meandering process. Two main paleolimnological stages were identified, with a boundary transition set at 1980-1984 Common Era, attributed to the geomorphological closure and complete lake separation from the Amazon and the onset of full lentic conditions. This inference was mainly based on both sharp increases in the sedimentation rate from 0.2 to >1 cm yr-1 and carbon accumulation that increased seven-fold (from 2 to 14 g m-2 yr-1) from 1980 to 1984 Common Era. The flood-pulse and connection to the Amazon defined the magnitude of organic inputs, where areas more distant/isolated from the river showed higher accumulation of carbon from autochthonous production, with an average of 8.9 % and 1.10 g m-2 yr-1 (carbon accumulation rate). Those areas closer and connected to the river were strongly related to the interannual hydrological variability, with a lower mean carbon content (5.9 %) and 0.73 g m-2 yr-1 (carbon accumulation rate). We concluded that carbon burial was highest within the most distant spot from the Amazon River because of the weaker connection to the river itself and the more stable lentic conditions for net sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Palma-Silva
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - C A Rivera-Rondón
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - E Henao
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - S R Duque
- Laboratorio de Manejo y Gestión de Humedales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Amazonia, Leticia, Colombia
| | - E Piovano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - R C L Figueira
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica Marina (LaQIMar), Institute of Oceanography. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P A L Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica Marina (LaQIMar), Institute of Oceanography. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Mejia-Rocha
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F García-Rodríguez
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de La República, Rocha, Uruguay; Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Shi X, Almeida R, Walker R, Lin X, Cheng X, Deng H, Chen Z, Hu X. Reconciling patterns of long-term topographic growth with coseismic uplift by synchronous duplex thrusting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8073. [PMID: 38057349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
How long-term changes in surface topography relate to coseismic uplift is key to understanding the creation of high elevations along active mountain fronts, and remains hotly debated. Here we investigate this link by modeling the development of growth strata and the folding of river terraces above the Pishan duplex system in the southern Tarim Basin. We show that synchronous duplex thrusting of two neighboring faults with varying slip rates, associated with in-sequence propagation of the Pishan thrust system, is required to explain the presence of opposite-dipping panels of growth strata on the duplex front, and basinward migration of terrace fold crests. Importantly, this process of synchronous thrusting within the duplex reconciles the discrepancy between the deformation of terrace folds at the 10-1-100 million-year timescale and the maximum coseismic uplift of the 2015 Mw 6.4 Pishan earthquake on the frontal thrust. These results suggest that topography mismatch at different time scales can reflect the long-term kinematic evolution of fault systems. Thus, our study highlights the importance of characterizing complex subsurface fault kinematics for studying topographic growth, and motivates rethinking of the mountain building process in worldwide active fold-and-thrust belts, from short-term to long-term timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
- Xinjiang Pamir Intracontinental Subduction National Observation and Research Station, Beijing, China.
| | - Rafael Almeida
- Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Richard Walker
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiubin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongdan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxin Chen
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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De León LF, Arias CF, Sharpe DMT, Bravo V, González R, Krahe R, Aguilar C. Unraveling the complex phylogeographic history of freshwater fishes in Lower Central America: A study of the electric fish Brachyhypopomus occidentalis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 189:107941. [PMID: 37804958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Lower Central America (LCA) has a complex biogeographic history shaped by the rise of the Isthmus of Panama and the global climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene. These events have been crucial in structuring biodiversity in LCA, but their consequences for the distribution and partitions of genetic diversity across the region remain to be elucidated. We combined complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to study the phylogeographic history and population genetic structure of the electric fish Brachyhypopomus occidentalis in LCA. Our results are consistent with the known phylogeographic history of B. occidentalis in LCA, but we update this history in several important ways that help illuminate the phylogeographic history of freshwater fishes in the region. We provide: i) support for three waves of colonization, two of which occurred prior to the final closure of the Panama Isthmus; ii) a more precise understanding of each colonization event, with evidence for a larger footprint of the first event, as well as genetic exchange across the continental divide in subsequent events; and iii) evidence for high levels of previously unrecognized population genetic structure across LCA. This updated model of colonization and diversification of B. occidentalis consists of three waves of dispersal and colonization, which triggered the evolution of geographic breaks in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes across LCA. These processes are tightly linked to the dynamic uplift of the Isthmus, recent volcanic activity in the region, and the sea-level oscillations of the Pleistocene. These results improve previous phylogeographic inferences regarding the distribution and diversification of freshwater fishes in LCA, and generate testable hypotheses to guide future research exploring the factors shaping biodiversity in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), P. O. Box 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Panamá, Panama.
| | - Carlos F Arias
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Panamá, Panama; Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Diana M T Sharpe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Víctor Bravo
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rigoberto González
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Panamá, Panama
| | - Rüdiger Krahe
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celestino Aguilar
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), P. O. Box 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Panamá, Panama
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Boschman LM, Carraro L, Cassemiro FAS, de Vries J, Altermatt F, Hagen O, Hoorn C, Pellissier L. Freshwater fish diversity in the western Amazon basin shaped by Andean uplift since the Late Cretaceous. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:2037-2044. [PMID: 37857892 PMCID: PMC10697839 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
South America is home to the highest freshwater fish biodiversity on Earth, and the hotspot of species richness is located in the western Amazon basin. The location of this hotspot is enigmatic, as it is inconsistent with the pattern observed in river systems across the world of increasing species richness towards a river's mouth. Here we investigate the role of river capture events caused by Andean mountain building and repeated episodes of flooding in western Amazonia in shaping the modern-day richness pattern of freshwater fishes in South America, and in Amazonia in particular. To this end, we combine a reconstruction of river networks since 80 Ma with a mechanistic model simulating dispersal, allopatric speciation and extinction over the dynamic landscape of rivers and lakes. We show that Andean mountain building and consequent numerous small river capture events in western Amazonia caused freshwater habitats to be highly dynamic, leading to high diversification rates and exceptional richness. The history of marine incursions and lakes, including the Miocene Pebas mega-wetland system in western Amazonia, played a secondary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydian M Boschman
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Luca Carraro
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Jorad de Vries
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oskar Hagen
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Rull V. An Updated Review of Fossil Pollen Evidence for the Study of the Origin, Evolution and Diversification of Caribbean Mangroves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3852. [PMID: 38005749 PMCID: PMC10674848 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the evolutionary history of the Caribbean mangroves has been reconsidered using partial palynological databases organized by the time intervals of interest, namely Late Cretaceous to Eocene for the origin, the Eocene-Oligocene transition for major turnover and Neogene to Quaternary for diversification. These discussions have been published in a set of sequential papers, but the raw information remains unknown. This paper reviews all the information available and provides the first comprehensive and updated compilation of the abovementioned partial databases. This compilation is called CARMA-F (CARibbean MAngroves-Fossil) and includes nearly 90 localities from the present and past Caribbean coasts, ranging from the Late Cretaceous to the Pliocene. Details on the Quaternary localities (CARMA-Q) will be published later. CARMA-F lists and illustrates the fossil pollen from past mangrove taxa and their extant representatives, and includes a map of the studied localities and a conventional spreadsheet with the raw data. The compilation is the most complete available for the study of the origin, evolution and diversification of Caribbean mangroves, and is open to modifications for adapting it to the particular interests of each researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentí Rull
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Pg. del Migdia s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C. de les Columnes s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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41
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Silva GC, Solís Neffa VG, Zuquim G, Balslev H. Biogeography and environmental preferences of Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10749. [PMID: 38034334 PMCID: PMC10682568 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the Quaternary, Chaco Phytogeographic Domain (Chaco) flora in subtropical South America experienced temperature and humidity fluctuations, primarily driven by wind dynamics, leading to significant shifts in species distribution. The palm Butia yatay is endemic to the Chaco and thrives in areas characterized by a warm-rainy climate and mostly restricted to sandy soils. To investigate the current geographic distribution of suitable habitat for B. yatay while assessing the significance of soil variables, we employed two distinct algorithms in species distribution modeling (SDM). We also determined whether the distribution of B. yatay has changed since the Pleistocene and whether these changes align with previously proposed Pleistocene refugia. In the present SDMs, we considered two separate sets of predictors, one set with bioclimatic variables only and the other set with bioclimatic topographic and soil variables. Additionally, we reconstructed the historical geographic distribution of suitable habitats using bioclimatic data. Our results suggested that the primary determinants of B. yatay's current distribution include precipitation and temperature of the driest month and soil cation exchange capacity. Incorporating soil variables affected the estimated size and range of suitable areas. Projections into the past indicated similar suitable habitat distributions during interglacial periods compared with the present. During the Last Glacial Maximum, climatically suitable habitat may have shifted northward, partially overlapping with previously suggested Pleistocene refugia located between the Paraná and Uruguay Rivers. These findings indicate the main factors driving the distribution and ecology of B. yatay and enhance understanding of subtropical flora shifts during the Quaternary. The approach also may prove valuable for other studies within the Chaco.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Carolina Silva
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución VegetalInstituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE‐CONICET)CorrientesArgentina
| | - Viviana Griselda Solís Neffa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución VegetalInstituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE‐CONICET)CorrientesArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y AgrimensuraUniversidad Nacional del NordesteCorrientesArgentina
| | - Gabriela Zuquim
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Biology‐Ecoinformatics and BiodiversityUniversity of AarhusAarhus CDenmark
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology‐Ecoinformatics and BiodiversityUniversity of AarhusAarhus CDenmark
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Yang Q, Ribeiro-Barros AI, Silva L, Zhao JL. Editorial: Adaptive evolution of plants in mountainous regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1296987. [PMID: 37965020 PMCID: PMC10640968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1296987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Luís Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Jian-Li Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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González-Caro S, Tello JS, Myers JA, Feeley K, Blundo C, Calderón-Loor M, Carilla J, Cayola L, Cuesta F, Farfán W, Fuentes AF, Garcia-Cabrera K, Grau R, Idarraga Á, Loza MI, Malhi Y, Malizia A, Malizia L, Osinaga-Acosta O, Pinto E, Salinas N, Silman M, Terán-Valdéz A, Duque Á. Historical Assembly of Andean Tree Communities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3546. [PMID: 37896011 PMCID: PMC10610186 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of species diversity have been associated with changes in climate across latitude and elevation. However, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these relationships are still actively debated. Here, we present a complementary view of the well-known tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis, termed the multiple zones of origin (MZO) hypothesis, to explore mechanisms underlying latitudinal and elevational gradients of phylogenetic diversity in tree communities. The TNC hypothesis posits that most lineages originate in warmer, wetter, and less seasonal environments in the tropics and rarely colonize colder, drier, and more seasonal environments outside of the tropical lowlands, leading to higher phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. In contrast, the MZO hypothesis posits that lineages also originate in temperate environments and readily colonize similar environments in the tropical highlands, leading to lower phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. We tested these phylogenetic predictions using a combination of computer simulations and empirical analyses of tree communities in 245 forest plots located in six countries across the tropical and subtropical Andes. We estimated the phylogenetic diversity for each plot and regressed it against elevation and latitude. Our simulated and empirical results provide strong support for the MZO hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity among co-occurring tree species increased with both latitude and elevation, suggesting an important influence on the historical dispersal of lineages with temperate origins into the tropical highlands. The mixing of different floras was likely favored by the formation of climatically suitable corridors for plant migration due to the Andean uplift. Accounting for the evolutionary history of plant communities helps to advance our knowledge of the drivers of tree community assembly along complex climatic gradients, and thus their likely responses to modern anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián González-Caro
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 1027, Colombia
| | - J. Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA;
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Cecilia Blundo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Marco Calderón-Loor
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Albo Climate, Ehad Ha’am, 9, Tel Aviv, 65251, Israel
| | - Julieta Carilla
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Leslie Cayola
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Francisco Cuesta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - William Farfán
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA;
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Alfredo F. Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Escuela Profesional de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08003, Peru
| | - Ricardo Grau
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Álvaro Idarraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - M. Isabel Loza
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.T.)
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), La Paz 10077, Bolivia
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX14BH, UK;
| | - Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Lucio Malizia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy 4600, Argentina;
| | - Oriana Osinaga-Acosta
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán 4107, Argentina; (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Esteban Pinto
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud–BIOMAS–Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Norma Salinas
- Institute for Nature Earth and Energy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, 15088, Peru
| | - Miles Silman
- Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Andrea Terán-Valdéz
- Centro Jambatú de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios Quito Ecuador, Quito 170131, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 1027, Colombia
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Moulatlet GM, Yacelga N, Rico A, Mora A, Hauser-Davis RA, Cabrera M, Capparelli MV. A systematic review on metal contamination due to mining activities in the Amazon basin and associated environmental hazards. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139700. [PMID: 37532203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination associated with mining activities has been considered one of the main environmental pollution problems in the Amazon region. Understanding the levels of metal contamination from mining activities requires a good understanding of background metal concentrations, which may vary notably according to the geology/lithology characteristics of the region, soil type, and predominant biogeochemical processes. This review assessed 50 papers and reports published between 1989 and 2020 describing environmental concentrations of different metals and metalloids (As, Hg, Mn, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in water and sediments of mining and non-mining areas in five geographic regions of the Amazon basin. Metal enrichment caused by mining activities was calculated and exposure concentrations were compared with sediment and water quality standards set for the protection of aquatic life. Significant enrichments of Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni and Zn were observed in mining areas in both sediment and water. Regarding background levels in the different geographic regions, the highest prevalence of metal enrichment (i.e., concentrations 10 to 100-fold higher than mean background values) in sediment samples was found for Fe (100% of samples), Ni (90%), and Mn (69%). For water, high prevalence of metal enrichment occurred for Zn, Mn, and Fe (100% of samples), and for Hg (86%). Hg, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn exceeded water and/or sediment quality standards in a significant number of samples in the proximity of mining areas. This study indicates that mining activities significantly contribute to water and sediment contamination across the Amazon basin, posing hazards for freshwater ecosystems and potentially having human health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Moulatlet
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Naomi Yacelga
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Puebla de Zaragoza, 72453, Mexico
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Mariana V Capparelli
- Estación El Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real Km 9.5, 24157, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico.
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Jacobina UP, Pontes AI, Costa L, Souza G. Macroevolutionary consequences of karyotypic changes in the neotropical Serrasalmidae fishes (Ostariophysi, Characiformes) diversification. Genetica 2023; 151:311-321. [PMID: 37566292 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In the Neotropical region, one of the most diverse families of freshwater fishes is the monophyletic Serrasalmidae. Karyotypically, the family shows high diversity in chromosome numbers (2n = 54 to 64). However, little is discussed about whether the chromosomal changes are associated with cladogenetic events within this family. In the present study, we evaluated the role of chromosomal changes in the evolutionary diversification of Serrasalmidae. Our phylogenetic sampling included 36 species and revealed three main clades. The ancestral chromosome number reconstruction revealed the basic number 2n = 54 and a high frequency of ascending dysploid events in the most derived lineages. Our biogeographic reconstruction suggests an Amazonian origin of the family at 48-38 Mya, with independent colonization of other basins between 15 and 8 Mya. We did not find specific chromosomal changes or increased diversification rates correlated with the colonization of a new environment. On the other hand, an increase in the diversification rate was detected involving the genus Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus in the Miocene, correlated with the stasis of 2n = 60. Our data demonstrate that chromosomal rearrangements might have played an important evolutionary role in major cladogenetic events in Serrasalmidae, revealing them as a possible evolutionary driver in their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uedson Pereira Jacobina
- Laboratory of Molecular Integrative Systematics, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca, 57076-100, Brazil.
| | - Alany Itala Pontes
- Laboratory of Molecular Integrative Systematics, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca, 57076-100, Brazil
| | - Lucas Costa
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-420, Brazil
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Ribeiro AT, Teodoro GS, da Silva KC, Pereira-Matos YC, Batista BL, Lobato AKS. 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates drought effects in young Carapa guianensis plants, improving the hydraulic safety margin, gas exchange and antioxidant defence. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:924-934. [PMID: 37549227 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme events such as droughts, limiting plant growth and productivity. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators, such as 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), might be a solution as this molecule is organic, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. This is the first research to examine possible roles of EBR on the hydraulic safety margin, physiological behaviour, and metabolism in Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae) exposed to drought. C. guianensis is a widely distributed tree in tropical forests of the Amazon. The objective was to determine whether EBR can improve tolerance to water deficit in young C. guianensis by measuring hydraulic traits, nutritional, biochemical and physiological responses, and biomass. The experiment had four randomized treatments: two water conditions (control and water deficit) and two concentrations of EBR (0 and 100 nM EBR). EBR increased the water potential and hydraulic safety margin, increased CO2 fixation, and improved stomatal performance. EBR also stimulated antioxidant defences (SOD, CAT, APX, and POX). Overall, tretreatment with EBR improved drought tolerance of young C. guianensis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - G S Teodoro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - K C da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Y C Pereira-Matos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - B L Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A K S Lobato
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
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Cerezer FO, Dambros CS, Coelho MTP, Cassemiro FAS, Barreto E, Albert JS, Wüest RO, Graham CH. Accelerated body size evolution in upland environments is correlated with recent speciation in South American freshwater fishes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6070. [PMID: 37770447 PMCID: PMC10539357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation rates vary greatly among taxa and regions and are shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors. However, the relative importance and interactions of these factors are not well understood. Here we investigate the potential drivers of speciation rates in South American freshwater fishes, the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna, by examining the roles of multiple biotic and abiotic factors. We integrate a dataset on species geographic distribution, phylogenetic, morphological, climatic, and habitat data. We find that Late Neogene-Quaternary speciation events are strongly associated with body-size evolution, particularly in lineages with small body sizes that inhabit higher elevations near the continental periphery. Conversely, the effects of temperature, area, and diversity-dependence, often thought to facilitate speciation, are negligible. By evaluating multiple factors simultaneously, we demonstrate that habitat characteristics associated with elevation, as well as body size evolution, correlate with rapid speciation in South American freshwater fishes. Our study emphasizes the importance of integrative approaches that consider the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors in generating macroecological patterns of species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe O Cerezer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Cristian S Dambros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marco T P Coelho
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda A S Cassemiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - James S Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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48
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Junior JNADS, Silveira OT, Carpenter JM, Cunha DB. Divergence time analysis of the Neotropical wasp genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini) using a Multilocus Phylogenetic Approach. Zootaxa 2023; 5330:106-116. [PMID: 38220881 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The genus Protopolybia Ducke was analyzed using a multilocus phylogenetic approach, which confirmed its monophyly. In contrast with the arrangements derived solely from morphological data, however, this analysis divides the genus into only two major clades. The study also presents divergence times for the origin and diversification of Protopolybia, which are related to possible vicariant events occurring in the Amazon biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos N A Dos Santos Junior
- Universidade Federal do Sul and Sudeste do Par, Instituto de Estudos do Xingu, R. Constantino Viana, s/n, 68380-000, So Flix do Xingu, PA, Brazil..
| | - Orlando T Silveira
- Coordenao de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emlio Goeldi, MCTI, Av. Perimetral s/n, Campus de Pesquisa, 66040-170, Belem, PA, Brazil..
| | - James M Carpenter
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History..
| | - Divino B Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Sul and Sudeste do Par, Instituto de Estudos do Xingu, R. Constantino Viana, s/n, 68380-000, So Flix do Xingu, PA, Brazil. .
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Ronez C, Carrillo-Briceño JD, Hadler P, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Pardiñas UFJ. Pliocene sigmodontine rodents (Mammalia: Cricetidae) in northernmost South America: test of biogeographic hypotheses and revised evolutionary scenarios. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221417. [PMID: 37538748 PMCID: PMC10394426 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
We document the first occurrence of Sigmodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Pliocene of northern South America, from the San Gregorio Formation of northwestern Venezuela. The recovered isolated molars are identified as Oligoryzomys sp. and Zygodontomys sp., two currently widespread sigmodontines in South America. These records constitute the oldest representatives of these genera, potentially new species, and the first Pliocene occurrence for Oryzomyini and the whole subfamily outside Argentina. Hypotheses on the historical biogeography of sigmodontines have been constructed almost exclusively using genetic data and the fossils we report provide a new kind of evidence. The occurrence of Oligoryzomys sp. and Zygodontomys sp. in Venezuela provides novel information for the diversification models suggested for Oligoryzomys, by supporting a potential eastern corridor of open environments from northern to southern South America. The presence of sigmodontines from the locality home of the new reports, Norte Casa Chiguaje, is consistent with the palaeoenvironmental conditions originally proposed for it based on mammals and botanical records, being characterized as mixed open grassland/forest areas surrounding permanent freshwater systems. The new sigmodontine evidence is used to discuss the putative scenarios of the ancient evolution of the subfamily in South America, favouring a model in which open areas (savannahs) to the east of the Andes played crucial role aiding or obstructing Late Miocene-Pliocene sigmodontine dispersion southwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ronez
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto, Madryn, Argentina
| | | | - Patrícia Hadler
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto, Madryn, Argentina
- Associate Researcher, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito 170135, Ecuador
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50
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McCormack JE, Hill MM, DeRaad DA, Kirsch EJ, Reckling KR, Mutchler MJ, Ramirez BR, Campbell RML, Salter JF, Pizarro AK, Tsai WLE, Bonaccorso E. An elevational shift facilitated the Mesoamerican diversification of Azure-hooded Jays ( Cyanolyca cucullata) during the Great American Biotic Interchange. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10411. [PMID: 37589041 PMCID: PMC10425738 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) was a key biogeographic event in the history of the Americas. The rising of the Panamanian land bridge ended the isolation of South America and ushered in a period of dispersal, mass extinction, and new community assemblages, which sparked competition, adaptation, and speciation. Diversification across many bird groups, and the elevational zonation of others, ties back to events triggered by the GABI. But the exact timing of these events is still being revealed, with recent studies suggesting a much earlier time window for faunal exchange, perhaps as early as 20 million years ago (Mya). Using a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree, we show that the jay genus Cyanolyca is emblematic of bird dispersal trends, with an early, pre-land bridge dispersal from Mesoamerica to South America 6.3-7.3 Mya, followed by a back-colonization of C. cucullata to Mesoamerica 2.3-4.8 Mya, likely after the land bridge was complete. As Cyanolyca species came into contact in Mesoamerica, they avoided competition due to a prior shift to lower elevation in the ancestor of C. cucullata. This shift allowed C. cucullata to integrate itself into the Mesoamerican highland avifauna, which our time-calibrated phylogeny suggests was already populated by higher-elevation, congeneric dwarf-jays (C. argentigula, C. pumilo, C. mirabilis, and C. nanus). The outcome of these events and fortuitous elevational zonation was that C. cucullata could continue colonizing new highland areas farther north during the Pleistocene. Resultingly, four C. cucullata lineages became isolated in allopatric, highland regions from Panama to Mexico, diverging in genetics, morphology, plumage, and vocalizations. At least two of these lineages are best described as species (C. mitrata and C. cucullata). Continued study will further document the influence of the GABI and help clarify how dispersal and vicariance shaped modern-day species assemblages in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. McCormack
- Moore Laboratory of ZoologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Molly M. Hill
- Moore Laboratory of ZoologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Devon A. DeRaad
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Eliza J. Kirsch
- Moore Laboratory of ZoologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Brenda R. Ramirez
- Moore Laboratory of ZoologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Jessie F. Salter
- Moore Laboratory of ZoologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Ornithology DepartmentNatural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alana K. Pizarro
- Moore Laboratory of ZoologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Elisa Bonaccorso
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de QuitoQuitoEcuador
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