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Schiemer F, Amarasinghe US, Simon D, Vijverberg J. Sustainable aquatic resource management and inland fisheries in tropical Asia: Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. Ambio 2024; 53:1050-1064. [PMID: 38499740 PMCID: PMC11101390 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-01996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The intensive utilization of tropical inland water bodies for multiple and sometimes competing activities underlines the necessity for their integrated and holistic co-management. This paper presents our synthesis on lake and reservoir fisheries in South and Southeast Asia as social-ecological systems, based on a synopsis of our research findings from a previous EU-funded research programme in Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Philippines (FISHSTRAT project). The paper attempts to merge our results with recent developments in research, policy and practice. We explore the effects of the main external and internal control mechanisms of the trophic state and pinpoint to the high production potential of traditionally unexploited small indigenous fish species. The limitations of conventional centralized management systems highlight the importance of introducing transdisciplinary approaches which integrate limnology, fish ecology and fisheries with the interests of other resource using stakeholders and decision makers in order to develop locally appropriate co-management strategies for sustainable aquatic resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Schiemer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology: Limnology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1., 1030, Wien, Austria.
| | - Upali S Amarasinghe
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 11600, Sri Lanka
| | - David Simon
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jacobus Vijverberg
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Mohan PJ, Anil MK, Gopalakrishnan A, Joseph S, Pillai D, Mariyam Fazula A, Praveen Prasannan P. Unraveling the spawning and reproductive patterns of tomato hind grouper, Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828) from south Kerala waters. J Fish Biol 2024. [PMID: 38684177 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to provide information on the reproductive biology of tomato hind grouper, Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828) for conservation and management purposes. Fish caught by artisanal fishermen from September 2019 to August 2021 were analysed. A total of 280 females, 31 males, and 4 transitional and 178 sex-undetermined fish were analysed. The female to male sex proportion was 9:1, and the fish reached a maximum total body length of 38.5 and 54.5 cm for females and males, respectively. The following microscopic stages were identified: immature, developing, ripe, running ripe/releasing, and spent in both males and females. Several asynchronous development patterns were observed in the studied gonads, including multiple oocyte stages and early and advanced stages of sexual transition. High gonadosomatic index (GSI) for both males and females was recorded in March, May, and November. Running ripe and releasing stages in females were identified in the months from March to June, which indicates the spawning season. The absolute and relative fecundity of the species ranged from 162,723 ± 207,267 and 239 ± 285, respectively. An exponential relationship was found between fecundity and total body length (TL), fecundity and total body weight (TW), and fecundity and gonad weight (GW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponni J Mohan
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
- ICAR-Vizhinjam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M K Anil
- ICAR-Vizhinjam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Shoji Joseph
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - A Mariyam Fazula
- ICAR-Vizhinjam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - P Praveen Prasannan
- ICAR-Vizhinjam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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3
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He F, Svenning JC, Chen X, Tockner K, Kuemmerle T, le Roux E, Moleón M, Gessner J, Jähnig SC. Freshwater megafauna shape ecosystems and facilitate restoration. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38411930 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater megafauna, such as sturgeons, giant catfishes, river dolphins, hippopotami, crocodylians, large turtles, and giant salamanders, have experienced severe population declines and range contractions worldwide. Although there is an increasing number of studies investigating the causes of megafauna losses in fresh waters, little attention has been paid to synthesising the impacts of megafauna on the abiotic environment and other organisms in freshwater ecosystems, and hence the consequences of losing these species. This limited understanding may impede the development of policies and actions for their conservation and restoration. In this review, we synthesise how megafauna shape ecological processes in freshwater ecosystems and discuss their potential for enhancing ecosystem restoration. Through activities such as movement, burrowing, and dam and nest building, megafauna have a profound influence on the extent of water bodies, flow dynamics, and the physical structure of shorelines and substrata, increasing habitat heterogeneity. They enhance nutrient cycling within fresh waters, and cross-ecosystem flows of material, through foraging and reproduction activities. Freshwater megafauna are highly connected to other freshwater organisms via direct consumption of species at different trophic levels, indirect trophic cascades, and through their influence on habitat structure. The literature documenting the ecological impacts of freshwater megafauna is not evenly distributed among species, regions, and types of ecological impacts, with a lack of quantitative evidence for large fish, crocodylians, and turtles in the Global South and their impacts on nutrient flows and food-web structure. In addition, population decline, range contraction, and the loss of large individuals have reduced the extent and magnitude of megafaunal impacts in freshwater ecosystems, rendering a posteriori evaluation more difficult. We propose that reinstating freshwater megafauna populations holds the potential for restoring key ecological processes such as disturbances, trophic cascades, and species dispersal, which will, in turn, promote overall biodiversity and enhance nature's contributions to people. Challenges for restoration actions include the shifting baseline syndrome, potential human-megafauna competition for habitats and resources, damage to property, and risk to human life. The current lack of historical baselines for natural distributions and population sizes of freshwater megafauna, their life history, trophic interactions with other freshwater species, and interactions with humans necessitates further investigation. Addressing these knowledge gaps will improve our understanding of the ecological roles of freshwater megafauna and support their full potential for facilitating the development of effective conservation and restoration strategies to achieve the coexistence of humans and megafauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi He
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, Changchun, 130102, China
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Xing Chen
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Klement Tockner
- Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany
- Faculty for Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
| | - Elizabeth le Roux
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva S/N, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Jörn Gessner
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
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Sadler DE, van Dijk S, Karjalainen J, Watts PC, Uusi‐Heikkilä S. Does size-selective harvesting erode adaptive potential to thermal stress? Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11007. [PMID: 38333098 PMCID: PMC10850808 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Overharvesting is a serious threat to many fish populations. High mortality and directional selection on body size can cause evolutionary change in exploited populations via selection for a specific phenotype and a potential reduction in phenotypic diversity. Whether the loss of phenotypic diversity that accompanies directional selection impairs response to environmental stress is not known. To address this question, we exposed three zebrafish selection lines to thermal stress. Two lines had experienced directional selection for (1) large and (2) small body size, and one was (3) subject to random removal of individuals with respect to body size (i.e. line with no directional selection). Selection lines were exposed to three temperatures (elevated, 34°C; ambient, 28°C; low, 22°C) to determine the response to an environmental stressor (thermal stress). We assessed differences among selection lines in their life history (growth and reproduction), physiological traits (metabolic rate and critical thermal max) and behaviour (activity and feeding behaviour) when reared at different temperatures. Lines experiencing directional selection (i.e. size selected) showed reduced growth rate and a shift in average phenotype in response to lower or elevated thermal stress compared with fish from the random-selected line. Our data indicate that populations exposed to directional selection can have a more limited capacity to respond to thermal stress compared with fish that experience a comparable reduction in population size (but without directional selection). Future studies should aim to understand the impacts of environmental stressors on natural fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Sadler
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Stephan van Dijk
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Phillip C. Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Silva Uusi‐Heikkilä
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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5
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Filar JA, Holden MH, Mendiolar M, Streipert SH. Overcoming the impossibility of age-balanced harvest. Math Biosci 2024; 367:109111. [PMID: 37996065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, sustainability targets for managed fisheries are often expressed in terms of a fixed percentage of the carrying capacity. Despite the appeal of such a simple quantitative target, an unintended consequence may be a significant tilting of the proportions of biomass across different ages, from what they would have been under harvest-free conditions. Within the framework of a widely used age-structured model, we propose a novel quantitative definition of "age-balanced harvest" that considers the age-class composition relative to that of the unfished population. We show that achieving a perfectly age-balanced policy is impossible if we harvest any fish whatsoever. However, every non-trivial harvest policy has a special structure that favours the young. To quantify the degree of age-imbalance, we propose a cross-entropy function. We formulate an optimisation problem that aims to attain an "age-balanced steady state", subject to adequate yield. We demonstrate that near balanced harvest policies are achievable by sacrificing a small amount of yield. These findings have important implications for sustainable fisheries management by providing insights into trade-offs and harvest policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy A Filar
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Matthew H Holden
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Manuela Mendiolar
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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6
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Boëns A, Ernande B, Petitgas P, Lebigre C. Different mechanisms underpin the decline in growth of anchovies and sardines of the Bay of Biscay. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1393-1411. [PMID: 37622098 PMCID: PMC10445103 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Declines in individuals' growth in exploited fish species are generally attributed to evolutionary consequences of size-selective fishing or to plastic responses due to constraints set by changing environmental conditions dampening individuals' growth. However, other processes such as growth compensation and non-directional selection can occur and their importance on the overall phenotypic response of exploited populations has largely been ignored. Using otolith growth data collected in European anchovy and sardine of the Bay of Biscay (18 cohorts from 2000 to 2018), we parameterized the breeder's equation to determine whether declines in size-at-age in these species were due to an adaptive response (i.e. related to directional or non-directional selection differentials within parental cohorts) or a plastic response (i.e. related to changes in environmental). We found that growth at age-0 in anchovy declined between parents and their offspring when biomass increased and the selective disappearance of large individuals was high in parents. Therefore, an adaptive response probably occurred in years with high fishing effort and the large increase in biomass after the collapse of this stock maintained this adaptive response subsequently. In sardine offspring, higher growth at age-0 was associated with increasing biomass between parents and offspring, suggesting a plastic response to a bottom-up process (i.e. a change in food quantity or quality). Parental cohorts in which selection favoured individuals with high growth compensation produced offspring high catch up growth rates, which may explain the smaller decline in growth in sardine relative to anchovy. Finally, on non-directional selection differentials were not significantly related to the changes in growth at age-0 and growth compensation at age-1 in both species. Although anchovy and sardine have similar ecologies, the mechanisms underlying the declines in their growth are clearly different. The consequences of the exploitation of natural populations could be long lasting if density-dependent processes follow adaptive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Boëns
- IfremerEMH, Centre AtlantiqueNantesFrance
| | - Bruno Ernande
- Université de Montpellier – Campus Triolet – Place E. BataillonMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Christophe Lebigre
- IfremerFisheries Science and Technology Unit, Centre BretagnePlouzanéFrance
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Clarke SH, McCracken GR, Humphries S, Ruzzante D, Grant JWA, Fraser DJ. Demographic resilience of brook trout populations subjected to experimental size‐selective. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1792-1805. [DOI: 10.1111/eva.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shelley Humphries
- Lake Louise, Yoho, and Kootenay Field Unit, Parks Canada Radium Hot Springs British Columbia Canada
| | | | | | - Dylan J. Fraser
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal Quebec Canada
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Perkins DM, Hatton IA, Gauzens B, Barnes AD, Ott D, Rosenbaum B, Vinagre C, Brose U. Consistent predator-prey biomass scaling in complex food webs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4990. [PMID: 36008387 PMCID: PMC9411528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of predator-to-prey biomass is a key element of trophic structure that is typically investigated from a food chain perspective, ignoring channels of energy transfer (e.g. omnivory) that may govern community structure. Here, we address this shortcoming by characterising the biomass structure of 141 freshwater, marine and terrestrial food webs, spanning a broad gradient in community biomass. We test whether sub-linear scaling between predator and prey biomass (a potential signal of density-dependent processes) emerges within ecosystem types and across levels of biological organisation. We find a consistent, sub-linear scaling pattern whereby predator biomass scales with the total biomass of their prey with a near ¾-power exponent within food webs - i.e. more prey biomass supports proportionally less predator biomass. Across food webs, a similar sub-linear scaling pattern emerges between total predator biomass and the combined biomass of all prey within a food web. These general patterns in trophic structure are compatible with a systematic form of density dependence that holds among complex feeding interactions across levels of organization, irrespective of ecosystem type. The ratio of predator-to-prey biomass is a key element in food webs. Here, the authors report a unified analysis of predator-prey biomass scaling in complex food webs, finding general patterns of sub-linear scaling across ecosystems and levels of organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Perkins
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, UK.
| | - Ian A Hatton
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - David Ott
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring (Zbm), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Barnes TC, Candy SG, Morris S, Johnson DD. Understanding discarding in trawl fisheries: A model based demersal case study with implications for mitigating and assessing impacts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264055. [PMID: 35176093 PMCID: PMC8853496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite research and public scrutiny over recent decades, discarding continues to be an issue for trawl fisheries. Previous research demonstrates that environmental, biological, operational, legislative and socioeconomic drivers affect a fisher's decision to discard an organism. Therefore, the reduction of fishery discards requires a better understanding of fishery-specific drivers. Despite considerable research and mitigation, further work is required to reduce discarding to acceptable levels (currently ~ 50% in Australia). To better understand the drivers of discarding, this study used a modelling approach to determine environmental and operational factors that drive discarding in the New South Wales (NSW) ocean prawn trawl fishery (OPT). Further, the study investigated the relationship between the discarded number of individuals from all functional species groups (i.e. elasmobranchs, crustaceans and fish combined) and the retained catch weight. This model was also run on just fish partly due to their disproportionally high contribution to the discard assemblage (e.g. 76% of all species or higher taxon) and importance (e.g. to the ecosystem and fisheries). The results quantified relationships of environmental and operational drivers of discarding and the relationship of fish discarding and retained catch weight was found to be linear. However, the identified relationships appear complicated and, whilst an important first step, more work is required to identify all drivers influencing discarding practices. We, in combination with previous research, suggest implementation of effort quotas may be a suitable management initiative to reduce discarding and its impact; at least whilst more research is conducted to better understand this complex process. Furthering our understanding of discarding is urgent given its global impact and the rate of discarding in the OPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Barnes
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Steven G. Candy
- SCANDY STATISTICAL MODELLING PTY LTD, Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen Morris
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel D. Johnson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
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Novaglio C, Blanchard JL, Plank MJ, Putten EI, Audzijonyte A, Porobic J, Fulton EA. Exploring trade‐offs in mixed fisheries by integrating fleet dynamics into multispecies size‐spectrum models. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Novaglio
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCastray Esplanade Hobart Tas. Australia
- Centre for Marine Socio‐ecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesCastray Esplanade Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Julia L. Blanchard
- Centre for Marine Socio‐ecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesCastray Esplanade Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Michael J. Plank
- School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
- Te Pūnaha Matatini Auckland New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth I. Putten
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCastray Esplanade Hobart Tas. Australia
- Centre for Marine Socio‐ecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Asta Audzijonyte
- Centre for Marine Socio‐ecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesCastray Esplanade Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Javier Porobic
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCastray Esplanade Hobart Tas. Australia
- Centre for Marine Socio‐ecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCastray Esplanade Hobart Tas. Australia
- Centre for Marine Socio‐ecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
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Rincón-Díaz MP, Bovcon ND, Cochia PD, Góngora ME, Galván DE. Fish functional diversity as an indicator of resilience to industrial fishing in Patagonia Argentina. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1650-1667. [PMID: 34386971 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between fish functional diversity and fishing levels at which its baselines shift is important to identify the consequences of fishing in ecosystem functioning. For the first time, the authors of this study implemented a trait-based approach in the Argentine Patagonian Sea to identify the vulnerability and spatiotemporal changes in functional diversity of fish assemblages incidentally captured by a trawling fleet targeting the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Spence Bate, 1888) between 2003 and 2014. The authors coupled seven fish trophic traits to a reconstructed fish assemblage for the study area and by-catch and evaluated changes in fish species richness and four complementary functional diversity measures (functional richness, redundancy, dispersion and community trait values) along with fishing intensity, temporal use, latitudinal location and depth of fishing grounds, and vessel length. Resident fishes larger than 30 cm in length, with depressed and fusiform bodies, intermediate to high trophic levels, and feeding in benthic, demersal and midwater areas were vulnerable to by-catch. In addition, fish assemblages exhibited a low functional trait redundancy, likely related to species influxes in a biogeographic ecotone with tropicalisation signs. Significant increases in fish trait richness and dispersion poleward and deep suggested new functional roles in these grounds, matching trends in community body size, reproductive load, maximum depth and trophic level. Finally, a temporal increase in fish species and functional trait removal in fishing grounds led to trait homogenisation since 2003. The authors identified that tipping points in temperate fish functional trait diversity showed the importance of trait-based approaches within ecosystem-based fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Patricia Rincón-Díaz
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio CCT CONICET - CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Nelson D Bovcon
- Instituto de Investigación de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
- Departamento de Pesca Deportiva, Secretaría de Pesca de la Provincia del Chubut, Rawson, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cochia
- Instituto de Investigación de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - María Eva Góngora
- Instituto de Investigación de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - David E Galván
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio CCT CONICET - CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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Arrieta Atencio JD, Zúñiga H, Altamar J. Selectividad de red de enmalle para captura de bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae, Prochilodontidae) en la ciénaga de Zárate. Acta biol Colomb 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v27n1.88168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La estimación precisa de curvas de selectividad de redes de enmalle en una población de peces es un requisito importante para la sostenibilidad de los stocks explotados. Sin embargo, los trabajos de selectividad para artes de pesca que operan en ecosistemas continentales de Colombia son muy escasos. Este estudio determinó los parámetros de selectividad de redes de enmalle utilizadas en la captura del bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae). El diseño experimental evaluó tres tamaños de malla (5,72; 6,35 y 8,89 cm) y las capturas se realizaron en diferentes sitios de pesca de la ciénaga de Zárate. Con la utilización del método SELECT se estimaron los parámetros de selectividad y mediante un análisis de Kruskall Wallis se determinaron las diferencias en la captura por unidad de esfuerzo. Además, el tamaño de malla óptimo fue calculado a partir del principio de similaridad geométrica de Baranov. Los resultados muestran que el modelo normal con varianza proporcional al tamaño de malla es el que mejor ajuste presentó para la captura de bocachico. Las longitudes modales calculadas con el modelo normal con varianza proporcional al tamaño de malla fueron 22,90, 25,45 y 35,63 cm para tamaños de malla de 5,72, 6,35 y 8,89 cm, respectivamente. El tamaño de malla óptimo calculado fue 6,99 cm. Los resultados indican que las redes con tamaños de malla de 5,72 cm e inferiores tienen un efecto sobre la estructura de tamaños del bocachico. Estas redes requieren ser priorizadas en la formulación de medidas de manejo basadas en la ordenación de este arte de pesca, lo que permitirá la sostenibilidad de la pesquería.
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, De-Pablos-Heredero C, González M, Rodriguez J, Barba C, García A. Morphological Variations of Wild Populations of Brycon dentex (Characidae, Teleostei) in the Guayas Hydrographic Basin (Ecuador). The Impact of Fishing Policies and Environmental Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1901. [PMID: 34206712 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The conservation status of a native fish species is often a key indicator of the state of habitat alteration, which supports strong anthropogenic disturbance. Ecuador contains the Guayas basin, the largest basin in the Pacific Ocean, which is a biodiversity reserve. However, there is little information regarding the morphometric characterization of Brycon dentex and its variations within this basin, although its plasticity has been proposed as an indicator of the maintenance of biodiversity. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of anthropogenic activity and habitat modification on the morphological variation of Brycon dentex and to determine the usefulness of discriminant analysis in the morphometric differentiation of three populations of Brycon dentex in Ecuador. The Brycon dentex morphometric model could be used as a framework in conservation and, thus, an indicator of habitat status by quickly detecting changes in fish shape. Abstract The Guayas, located in Ecuador, is the largest basin in the Pacific Ocean and has an inventory of 123 native freshwater species. Most of these are endemic species that are threatened or at-risk due to anthropogenic activity and the modification, fragmentation, and destruction of habitats. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric variation in three wild populations of Brycon dentex in the Guayas basin rivers and their connections to fishing management and environmental conditions. A total of 200 mature fish were captured, and 26 morphometric parameters were measured. The fishing policies (Hypothesis 1) and environmental conditions (Hypothesis 2) were considered fixed factors and were validated by t-tests. The morphological variation among the three populations (Hypothesis 3) was validated through a discriminant analysis. Fishing policies and resource management were found to generate morphological differences associated with body development. In addition, the environmental conditions were found to influence the size and structure of Brycon dentex populations. The analyzed populations were discriminated by the generated morphometric models, which differentiated Cluster 1 (Quevedo and Mocache rivers) with high fishing pressure from Cluster 2 (Pintado river) with medium–low fishing pressure. Morphometric differentiation by discriminant analysis is a direct and economic methodology that can be applied as an indicator of diversity maintenance.
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Alic E, Trottier LL, Twardek WM, Bennett LL, Chisholm S, Tremblay P, Tuononen E, Bennett JR, Bower SD, Lennox RJ, Danylchuk AJ, Cooke SJ. Recreational fisheries activities and management in national parks: A global perspective. J Nat Conserv 2021; 59:125948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Papa Y, Oosting T, Valenza-Troubat N, Wellenreuther M, Ritchie PA. Genetic stock structure of New Zealand fish and the use of genomics in fisheries management: an overview and outlook. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2020.1788612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Papa
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tom Oosting
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Noemie Valenza-Troubat
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Nelson, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter A. Ritchie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Gilman E, Chaloupka M, Fitchett M, Cantrell DL, Merrifield M. Ecological responses to blue water MPAs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235129. [PMID: 32639960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) can contribute to protecting biodiversity and managing ocean activities, including fishing. There is, however, limited evidence of ecological responses to blue water MPAs. We conducted the first comprehensive evaluation of impacts on fisheries production and ecological responses to pelagic MPAs of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. A Bayesian time series-based counterfactual modelling approach using fishery-dependent data was used to compare the temporal response in the MPAs to three reference regions for standardized catch rates, lengths, trophic level of the catch and species diversity. Catch rates of bigeye tuna, the main target species (Kingman/Palmyra MPA, causal effect probability >99% of an 84% reduction; 95% credible interval: -143%, -25%), and blue shark (Johnston MPAs, causal effect probability >95%) were significantly lower and longnose lancetfish significantly higher (Johnston MPAs, causal effect probability >95%) than predicted had the MPAs not been established, possibly from closing areas near shallow features, which aggregate pelagic predators, and from ‘fishing-the-line’. There were no apparent causal impacts of the MPAs on species diversity, lengths and trophic level of the catch, perhaps because the MPAs were young, were too small, did not contain critical habitat for specific life-history stages, had been lightly exploited or experienced fishing-the-line. We also assessed model-standardized catch rates for species of conservation concern and mean trophic level of the catch within and outside of MPAs. Displaced effort produced multi-species conflicts: MPAs protect bycatch hotspots and hotspots of bycatch-to-target catch ratios for some at-risk species, but coldspots for others. Mean trophic level of the catch was significantly higher around MPAs, likely due to the aggregating effect of the shallow features and there having been light fishing pressure within MPAs. These findings demonstrate how exploring a wide range of ecological responses supports evidence-based evaluations of blue water MPAs.
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Tilley A, Mills D, Short R, Kolding J. Valuing small fish from mosquito nets: A comment on Jones & Unsworth (2019). Ambio 2020; 49:1268-1270. [PMID: 31965559 PMCID: PMC7190776 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tilley
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, 11960 Bayan Lepas, Penang Malaysia
| | - David Mills
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, 11960 Bayan Lepas, Penang Malaysia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | - Rebecca Short
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD UK
| | - Jeppe Kolding
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Shantz
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Mark C. Ladd
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Deron E. Burkepile
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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Mgana H, Kraemer BM, O’Reilly CM, Staehr PA, Kimirei IA, Apse C, Leisher C, Ngoile M, McIntyre PB. Adoption and consequences of new light-fishing technology (LEDs) on Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216580. [PMID: 31639142 PMCID: PMC6805052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining sustainable fisheries requires understanding the influence of technological advances on catch efficiency, as technological creep can ultimately contribute to increased efficiency. Fisheries using light sources for attraction could be widely impacted by the shift to light emitting diode (LED) light systems. We studied the transition from kerosene lanterns to LED lamps in Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, examining factors that led to adoption as well as the impact of the new light sources on fish catch and composition. We used a combination of field experiments with catch assessments, fisher surveys, underwater light spectra measurements, and cost assessments to evaluate the impact of switching from kerosene to LED lamps. Overall, we found a very rapid rate of adoption of homemade outdoor LED light systems in Lake Tanganyika. Most of the batteries used to power these lamps were charged from the city power grid, rather than photovoltaic cells, although the potential exists for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The LED light spectra was distinct from the kerosene light and penetrated much deeper into the water column. Regardless of light type, most of the fish caught within the two dominant species were below maturity. Although the LED lamps were associated with a slight increase in catch, environmental factors, particularly distance offshore, were generally more important in determining fish catch size and composition. The main advantages of the LED lamps were the lower operating costs and their robustness in bad weather. Thus, the primary effect of the use of battery-powered LED lighting systems to attract fish in Lake Tanganyika appears to reduce economic costs and increasing efficiency. However, overall the lake's fishery remains vulnerable to overfishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huruma Mgana
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma, Tanzania
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Benjamin M. Kraemer
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. O’Reilly
- Department of Geography, Geology, and the Environment, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Staehr
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Colin Apse
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Craig Leisher
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Magnus Ngoile
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter B. McIntyre
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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21
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Steibl S, Laforsch C. Disentangling the environmental impact of different human disturbances: a case study on islands. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13712. [PMID: 31548552 PMCID: PMC6757039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems suffer substantially from the worldwide population growth and its increasing land demands. A common approach to investigate anthropogenic disturbance in coastal ecosystems is to compare urbanized areas with unaffected control sites. However, the question remains whether different types of anthropogenic disturbance that are elements of an urbanized area have the same impact on beach ecosystems. By investigating small islands that are utilized for tourism, inhabited by the local population, or remained completely uninhabited, we disentangled different anthropogenic disturbances and analysed their impacts on hermit crabs as indicator species. We observed a negative impact on abundance on tourist islands and a negative impact on body size on local islands. In comparison to the uninhabited reference, both disturbances had an overall negative impact. As both forms of disturbance also impacted the underlying food resource and habitat availability differently, we propose that the findings from our study approach are valid for most obligate beach species in the same system. This demonstrates that in urbanized areas, the coastal ecosystem is not always impacted identically, which emphasizes the importance of considering the particular type of anthropogenic disturbance when planning conservation action in urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steibl
- University of Bayreuth and BayCEER, Department Animal Ecology I, Universitaetsstr. 30, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- University of Bayreuth and BayCEER, Department Animal Ecology I, Universitaetsstr. 30, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Hackney M, James A, Plank MJ. Emergence of balanced harvesting in an agent-based model of an open-access small-scale fishery. Math Biosci 2019; 316:108245. [PMID: 31476291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fisheries management strategies in which large fish are selectively targeted and younger, smaller fish are protected can lead to disruption of stocks, truncation of the population size spectrum, and impaired recruitment. Balanced harvesting is an alternative approach, which distributes fishing mortality across a wide range of species and sizes in proportion to their natural productivity. Here, we investigate outcomes from an agent-based model of fishing, coupled with an ecological model for the dynamics of a single fish species in a small-scale fishery. In the model, individual fishing agents make decisions about whether to enter or exit the fishery, and what size fish to target, based on economic calculations about short-term profitability of alternative actions. Fishing mortality, aggregated across agents, affects the biomass and size structure of the stock, which in turn affects individual agents' yields, creating a feedback loop. We show that the autonomous fishing agents self-organise to produce a Nash equilibrium, in which yields are equalised across agents. The aggregate fishing mortality that emerges in this equilibrium state is closely aligned with the distribution of productivity across body size. We conclude that balanced harvesting is an emergent outcome of the model. This occurs despite the absence of any externally imposed regulations on total fishing effort, catch or target sizes. However, controls on overall harvesting pressure are required to avoid overfishing.
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Cabral H, Fonseca V, Sousa T, Costa Leal M. Synergistic Effects of Climate Change and Marine Pollution: An Overlooked Interaction in Coastal and Estuarine Areas. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E2737. [PMID: 31370308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coastal areas have been increasingly affected by human activities, marine pollution and climate change are among the most important pressures affecting these environments. Human-induced pressures occur in a cumulative way and generate additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects. Knowledge on synergistic effects is crucial to coastal zone management, since they may imply a change in human uses of these systems, as well as dedicated action plans in order to reduce hazards and environmental risks. In this work, we provide an overview of the available literature on synergistic effects between climate change and chemical pollution, and discuss current knowledge, methodological approaches, and research gaps and needs. Interactions between these two pressures may be climate change dominant (climate change leads to an increase in contaminant exposure or toxicity) or contaminant-dominant (chemical exposure leads to an increase in climate change susceptibility), but the mechanistic drivers of such processes are not well known. Results from a few meta-analyses studies and reviews showed that synergistic interactions tend to be more frequent compared to additive and antagonistic ones. However, most of the studies are individual-based and assess the cumulative effects of a few contaminants individually in laboratory settings together with few climate variables, particularly temperature and pH. Nevertheless, a wide diversity of contaminants have already been individually tested, spanning from metals, persistent organic pollutants and, more recently, emergent pollutants. Population and community based approaches are less frequent but have generated very interesting and more holistic perspectives. Methodological approaches are quite diverse, from laboratory studies to mesocosm and field studies, or based on statistical or modelling tools, each with their own potential and limitations. More holistic comparisons integrating several pressures and their combinations and a multitude of habitats, taxa, life-stages, among others, are needed, as well as insights from meta-analyses and systematic reviews.
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Hallwass G, Schiavetti A, Silvano RAM. Fishers’ knowledge indicates temporal changes in composition and abundance of fishing resources in Amazon protected areas. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Hallwass
- Federal University of Western Pará Oriximiná Brazil
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO) UNISANTA Santos Brazil
| | - A. Schiavetti
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas (LECAP) Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC) Ilhéus Brazil
- Investigador Asociado do CESIMAR CENPAT Chubut Argentina
| | - R. A. M. Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute (FIFO) UNISANTA Santos Brazil
- Departament of Ecology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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Łopieńska-Biernat E, Stryiński R, Dmitryjuk M, Wasilewska B. Infective larvae of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda) accumulate trehalose and glycogen in response to starvation and temperature stress. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040014. [PMID: 30824422 PMCID: PMC6451339 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisakis simplex L3 larvae infect fish and other seafood species such as squid or octopi; therefore, humans consuming raw or undercooked fish may become accidental hosts for this parasite. These larvae are induced to enter hypometabolism by cold temperatures. It is assumed that sugars (in particular trehalose and glycogen) are instrumental for survival under environmental stress conditions. To elucidate the mechanisms of environmental stress response in A. simplex, we observed the effects of starvation and temperature on trehalose and glycogen content, the activity of enzymes metabolizing those sugars, and the relative expression of genes of trehalose and glycogen metabolic pathways. The L3 of A. simplex synthesize trehalose both in low (0°C) and high temperatures (45°C). The highest content of glycogen was observed at 45°C at 36 h of incubation. On the second day of incubation, tissue content of trehalose depended on the activity of the enzymes: TPS was more active at 45°C, and TPP was more active at 0°C. The changes in TPP activity were consistent with the transcript level changes of the TPP gene, and the trehalose level, while glycogen synthesis correlates with the expression of glycogen synthase gene at 45°C; this suggests that the synthesis of trehalose is more essential. These results show that trehalose plays a key role in providing energy during the thermotolerance and starvation processes through the molecular and biochemical regulation of trehalose and glycogen metabolism. Summary: Carbohydrate metabolism in L3 of A. simplex is affected by temperature shock and by starvation. The metabolic shift from glycogen to trehalose suggests that blocking or silencing the trehalose synthesis pathway could be a limiting factor for Anisakis life and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dmitryjuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Wasilewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
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Lundström NLP, Loeuille N, Meng X, Bodin M, Brännström Å. Meeting Yield and Conservation Objectives by Harvesting Both Juveniles and Adults. Am Nat 2019; 193:373-390. [PMID: 30794450 DOI: 10.1086/701631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable yields that are at least 80% of the maximum sustainable yield are sometimes referred to as "pretty good yields" (PGY). The range of PGY harvesting strategies is generally broad and thus leaves room to account for additional objectives besides high yield. Here, we analyze stage-dependent harvesting strategies that realize PGY with conservation as a second objective. We show that (1) PGY harvesting strategies can give large conservation benefits and (2) equal harvesting rates of juveniles and adults is often a good strategy. These conclusions are based on trade-off curves between yield and four measures of conservation that form in two established population models, one age-structured model and one stage-structured model, when considering different harvesting rates of juveniles and adults. These conclusions hold for a broad range of parameter settings, although our investigation of robustness also reveals that (3) predictions of the age-structured model are more sensitive to variations in parameter values than those of the stage-structured model. Finally, we find that (4) measures of stability that are often quite difficult to assess in the field (e.g., basic reproduction ratio and resilience) are systematically negatively correlated with impacts on biomass and size structure, so that these later quantities can provide integrative signals to detect possible collapses.
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Siliprandi CC, Tuset VM, Lombarte A, Farré M, Rossi-Wongtschowski CLDB. Optimal fishing samplers to reveal the morphological structure of a fish assemblage in a subtropical tidal flat. Neotrop ichthyol 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Morphological characters of species are essential for assessing the functional structure of a fish assemblage, since differences between them, for example in body shape, are related to many functional and ecological traits (e.g., swimming, search for food, striking and capturing prey, evading predators, spawning). Globally, tidal flats are relevant to fish assemblages by offering feeding, refuge, and reproduction grounds. To analyze the morphofunctional structure of the fish assemblage from a tidal flat on the Brazilian coast, we conducted standardized sampling using nine different fishing gears. The geometric morphometric method was applied to describe the fish shapes and verify the morphological structure of the assemblage. Here, we present the influence/susceptibility of each gear type on the morphological diversity of the fish assemblage. The results indicated that beach seine, otter trawl, marginal encircling gillnet, and fish traps, together, were the most effective gears to represent the maximum morphological variability of fish inhabiting that tidal flat. Moreover, the assemblage showed high morphological redundancy considered as a resistance of the ecosystem for avoiding functional diversity loss, emphasizing the importance of complementary gear use when determining fish assemblages in a conservation context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Farré
- Consejo Superior de Investigación Científica, Spain
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐Ichiro S. Matsuzaki
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem StudiesNational Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
- Center for LimnologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin
| | - Ryuichiro Shinohara
- Center for Regional Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Kei Uchida
- Graduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National University Yokohama Japan
| | - Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National University Yokohama Japan
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29
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Heinsohn R, Olah G, Webb M, Peakall R, Stojanovic D. Sex ratio bias and shared paternity reduce individual fitness and population viability in a critically endangered parrot. J Anim Ecol 2018; 88:502-510. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heinsohn
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - George Olah
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Matthew Webb
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Rod Peakall
- Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Dejan Stojanovic
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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Kamermans P, Walles B, Kraan M, van Duren L, Kleissen F, van der Have T, Smaal A, Poelman M. Offshore Wind Farms as Potential Locations for Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis) Restoration in the Dutch North Sea. Sustainability 2018; 10:3942. [DOI: 10.3390/su10113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The “Dutch Energy Agreement” motivates governments and industries to invest in renewable energy sources, of which offshore wind energy is one of the solutions to meet the agreed target of 16% of the total energy budget from renewable resources by 2023. An option for the multi-use of wind farms is nature-inclusive building, in which the design and construction of wind farms make use of the potential for co-design with oyster bed restoration. This can support the government’s ambitions, for the Dutch North Sea, to achieve biodiversity goals, restore ecosystem functions, and enhance ecosystem services, including future seafood production. For the recovery of flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) beds, knowledge is required about the conditions under which active restoration of this species in the North Sea can be successfully implemented. This paper gives a framework and presents results to determine suitability of wind farms for flat oyster restoration, and provides recommendations for pilot studies. Our analysis showed that a number of wind farms in the Dutch section of the North Sea are suitable locations for development of flat oyster beds. Combining oyster restoration and oyster culture, as a protein source, is a viable option worth investigating.
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Drago M, Franco-Trecu V, Segura AM, Valdivia M, González EM, Aguilar A, Cardona L. Mouth gape determines the response of marine top predators to long-term fishery-induced changes in food web structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15759. [PMID: 30361482 PMCID: PMC6202337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we analyse changes throughout time in the isotopic niche of the Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) and the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) from the Río de la Plata estuary and adjacent Atlantic Ocean to test the hypothesis that fishing may modify the diet of small-gape predators by reducing the average size of prey. The overall evidence, from stable isotope and stomach contents analyses, reveals major changes in resource partitioning between the three predators considered, mainly because of an increased access of Franciscana dolphins to juvenile demersal fishes. These results are consistent with the changes in the length distribution of demersal fish species resulting from fishing and suggest that Franciscana dolphin has been the most benefited species of the three marine mammal species considered because of its intermediate mouth gape. In conclusion, the impact of fishing on marine mammals goes beyond the simple reduction in prey biomass and is highly dependent on the mouth gape of the species involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Drago
- IRBio and Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina Franco-Trecu
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Angel M Segura
- Modelization and Analysis of Natural Resources (MAREN), Centro Universitario Regional Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Ruta 9, km 208, 27000, Rocha, Uruguay.,National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), 25 de Mayo 582, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Meica Valdivia
- National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), 25 de Mayo 582, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Enrique M González
- National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), 25 de Mayo 582, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alex Aguilar
- IRBio and Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Cardona
- IRBio and Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Meekan MG, McCormick MI, Simpson SD, Chivers DP, Ferrari MCO. Never Off the Hook—How Fishing Subverts Predator-Prey Relationships in Marine Teleosts. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Larsen DA, Welsh R, Mulenga A, Reid R. Widespread mosquito net fishing in the Barotse floodplain: Evidence from qualitative interviews. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195808. [PMID: 29719003 PMCID: PMC5931466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) is a crucial component of malaria control programs, and has prevented many malaria cases and deaths due to scale up. ITNs also serve effectively as fishing nets and various sources have reported use of ITNs for fishing. This article examines how widespread the practice of mosquito net fishing with ITNs is. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with fishery personnel and traditional leadership from the Barotse Royal Establishment in Western Province, Zambia, to better understand the presence or absence of the use of ITNs as fishing nets. We then coded the interviews for themes through content analysis. Additionally we conducted a desk review of survey data to show trends in malaria indicators, nutritional status of the population and fish consumption. RESULTS All those interviewed reported that ITNs are regularly used for fishing in Western Zambia and the misuse is widespread. Concurrently those interviewed reported declines in fish catches both in terms of quantity and quality leading to threatened food security in the area. In addition to unsustainable fishing practices those interviewed referenced drought and population pressure as reasons for fishery decline. Malaria indicators do not show a trend in declining malaria transmission, fish consumption has dropped dramatically and nutritional status has not improved over time. CONCLUSIONS Despite the misuse of the ITNs for fishing all those interviewed maintained that ITN distribution should continue. Donors, control programs and scientists should realize that misuse of ITNs as fishing nets is a current problem for malaria control and potentially for food security that needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rick Welsh
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Reid
- Liuwa Plain National Park, African Parks Zambia, Kalabo, Zambia
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Abstract
Free or subsidised mosquito net (MN) distribution has been an increasingly important tool in efforts to combat malaria in recent decades throughout the developing world, making great strides towards eradicating this hugely detrimental disease. However, there has been increasing concern in the natural resource management and healthcare communities over alternative use of MNs, particularly in artisanal fisheries where it has been suggested they pose a threat to sustainability of fish stocks. So far, little evidence has been presented as to the global prevalence and characteristics of MN fishing, limiting global management initiatives and incentives for action across disciplines. We conducted a rapid global assessment of mosquito net fishing (MNF) observations from expert witnesses living and/or working in malarial zones using an internet survey. MNF was found to be a broadly pan-tropical activity, particularly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. MNF is conducted using a variety of deployment methods and scales including seine nets, scoop/dip nets, set nets and traps. MNF was witnessed in a broad range of marine and freshwater habitats and was seen to exploit a wide range of taxa, with capture of juvenile fish reported in more than half of responses. Perceived drivers of MNF were closely related to poverty, revealing potentially complex and arguably detrimental livelihood and food security implications which we discuss in light of current literature and management paradigms. The key policies likely to influence future impacts of MNF are in health, regarding net distribution, and natural resource management regarding restrictions on use. We outline critical directions for research and highlight the need for a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach to development of both localised and broad-scale policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Short
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rajina Gurung
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Rowcliffe
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Hill
- Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - E. J. Milner-Gulland
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Horri K, Alfonso S, Cousin X, Munschy C, Loizeau V, Aroua S, Bégout ML, Ernande B. Fish life-history traits are affected after chronic dietary exposure to an environmentally realistic marine mixture of PCBs and PBDEs. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:531-545. [PMID: 28830046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants that have been shown to affect fish life-history traits such as reproductive success, growth and survival. At the individual level, their toxicity and underlying mechanisms of action have been studied through experimental exposure. However, the number of experimental studies approaching marine environmental situations is scarce, i.e., in most cases, individuals are exposed to either single congeners, or single types of molecules, or high concentrations, so that results can hardly be transposed to natural populations. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of chronic dietary exposure to an environmentally realistic marine mixture of PCB and PBDE congeners on zebrafish life-history traits from larval to adult stage. Exposure was conducted through diet from the first meal and throughout the life cycle of the fish. The mixture was composed so as to approach environmentally relevant marine conditions in terms of both congener composition and concentrations. Life-history traits of exposed fish were compared to those of control individuals using several replicate populations in each treatment. We found evidence of slower body growth, but to a larger asymptotic length, and delayed spawning probability in exposed fish. In addition, offspring issued from early spawning events of exposed fish exhibited a lower larval survival under starvation condition. Given their strong dependency on life-history traits, marine fish population dynamics and associated fisheries productivity for commercial species could be affected by such individual-level effects of PCBs and PBDEs on somatic growth, spawning probability and larval survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Horri
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Centre Manche Mer du Nord, 150 quai Gambetta, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, URCA, ULH, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - Sébastien Alfonso
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Station de La Rochelle, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- UMR MARBEC, IFREMER, IRD, UM2, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Adaptabilités des Animaux et des Systèmes, Route de Maguelone, F-34250 Palavas, France; INRA, UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, Centre Atlantique, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Véronique Loizeau
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, Centre Bretagne, ZI Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Salima Aroua
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, URCA, ULH, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Station de La Rochelle, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - Bruno Ernande
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Centre Manche Mer du Nord, 150 quai Gambetta, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France
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Hendry AP, Gotanda KM, Svensson EI. Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0028. [PMID: 27920373 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have dramatic, diverse and far-reaching influences on the evolution of other organisms. Numerous examples of this human-induced contemporary evolution have been reported in a number of 'contexts', including hunting, harvesting, fishing, agriculture, medicine, climate change, pollution, eutrophication, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, biological invasions and emerging/disappearing diseases. Although numerous papers, journal special issues and books have addressed each of these contexts individually, the time has come to consider them together and thereby seek important similarities and differences. The goal of this special issue, and this introductory paper, is to promote and expand this nascent integration. We first develop predictions as to which human contexts might cause the strongest and most consistent directional selection, the greatest changes in evolutionary potential, the greatest genetic (as opposed to plastic) changes and the greatest effects on evolutionary diversification We then develop predictions as to the contexts where human-induced evolutionary changes might have the strongest effects on the population dynamics of the focal evolving species, the structure of their communities, the functions of their ecosystems and the benefits and costs for human societies. These qualitative predictions are intended as a rallying point for broader and more detailed future discussions of how human influences shape evolution, and how that evolution then influences species traits, biodiversity, ecosystems and humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A OC4
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
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Dunn RP, Baskett ML, Hovel KA. Interactive effects of predator and prey harvest on ecological resilience of rocky reefs. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:1718-1730. [PMID: 28581670 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of ecosystem-based fisheries management is to prevent fishery-induced shifts in community states. This requires an understanding of ecological resilience: the ability of an ecosystem to return to the same state following a perturbation, which can strongly depend on species interactions across trophic levels. We use a structured model of a temperate rocky reef to explore how multi-trophic level fisheries impact ecological resilience. Increasing fishing mortality of prey (urchins) has a minor effect on equilibrium biomass of kelp, urchins, and spiny lobster predators, but increases resilience by reducing the range of predator harvest rates at which alternative stable states are possible. Size-structured predation on urchins acts as the feedback maintaining each state. Our results demonstrate that the resilience of ecosystems strongly depends on the interactive effects of predator and prey harvest in multi-trophic level fisheries, which are common in marine ecosystems but are unaccounted for by traditional management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Dunn
- Coastal and Marine Institute & Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Marissa L Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Kevin A Hovel
- Coastal and Marine Institute & Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tromeur
- Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), 7 quai St Bernard, FR-75252; Paris France
- AgroParisTech, Univ Paris-Saclay; Paris France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- Sorbonne Univ., UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), 7 quai St Bernard, FR-75252; Paris France
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Carozza DA, Bianchi D, Galbraith ED. Formulation, General Features and Global Calibration of a Bioenergetically-Constrained Fishery Model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169763. [PMID: 28103280 PMCID: PMC5245811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exploitation of marine resources is profoundly altering marine ecosystems, while climate change is expected to further impact commercially-harvested fish and other species. Although the global fishery is a highly complex system with many unpredictable aspects, the bioenergetic limits on fish production and the response of fishing effort to profit are both relatively tractable, and are sure to play important roles. Here we describe a generalized, coupled biological-economic model of the global marine fishery that represents both of these aspects in a unified framework, the BiOeconomic mArine Trophic Size-spectrum (BOATS) model. BOATS predicts fish production according to size spectra as a function of net primary production and temperature, and dynamically determines harvest spectra from the biomass density and interactive, prognostic fishing effort. Within this framework, the equilibrium fish biomass is determined by the economic forcings of catchability, ex-vessel price and cost per unit effort, while the peak harvest depends on the ecosystem parameters. Comparison of a large ensemble of idealized simulations with observational databases, focusing on historical biomass and peak harvests, allows us to narrow the range of several uncertain ecosystem parameters, rule out most parameter combinations, and select an optimal ensemble of model variants. Compared to the prior distributions, model variants with lower values of the mortality rate, trophic efficiency, and allometric constant agree better with observations. For most acceptable parameter combinations, natural mortality rates are more strongly affected by temperature than growth rates, suggesting different sensitivities of these processes to climate change. These results highlight the utility of adopting large-scale, aggregated data constraints to reduce model parameter uncertainties and to better predict the response of fisheries to human behaviour and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Carozza
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniele Bianchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric D. Galbraith
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cline TJ, Schindler DE, Hilborn R. Fisheries portfolio diversification and turnover buffer Alaskan fishing communities from abrupt resource and market changes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14042. [PMID: 28091534 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrupt shifts in natural resources and their markets are a ubiquitous challenge to human communities. Building resilient social-ecological systems requires approaches that are robust to uncertainty and to regime shifts. Harvesting diverse portfolios of natural resources and adapting portfolios in response to change could stabilize economies reliant on natural resources and their markets, both of which are prone to unpredictable shifts. Here we use fisheries catch and revenue data from Alaskan fishing communities over 34 years to test whether diversification and turnover in the composition of fishing opportunities increased economic stability during major ocean and market regime shifts in 1989. More than 85% of communities show reduced fishing revenues following these regime shifts. However, communities with the highest portfolio diversity and those that could opportunistically shift the composition of resources they harvest, experienced negligible or even positive changes in revenue. Maintaining diversity in economic opportunities and enabling turnover facilitates sustainability of communities reliant on renewable resources facing uncertain futures. Economies dependent on natural resources could gain resilience to abrupt ecosystem and market shifts through proactive risk-buffering approaches. Using data from Alaskan fisheries, Cline et al. show that communities relying on diverse fisheries were more resilient to major ocean and market regime shifts in 1989.
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Rudolf VHW, Van Allen BG. Legacy effects of developmental stages determine the functional role of predators. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:38. [PMID: 28812616 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Predators are instrumental in structuring natural communities and ecosystem processes. The strong effects of predators are often attributed to their high trophic position in the food web. However, most predators have to grow and move up the food chain before reaching their final trophic position, and during this developmental process their traits, interactions and abundances change. Here, we show that this process of 'moving up' the food chain during development strongly determines the ecological role of a predator. By experimentally manipulating the succession of developmental stages of a predatory salamander in a seasonal aquatic ecosystem, we found that the effects of this apex predator on the ecosystem typically declined with age and size. Furthermore, younger, smaller predator stages had long-lasting effects on community structure and ecosystem function that determined the effects of subsequent older, larger stages. Consequently, the legacy effects of early stages largely shaped the impact of the predator on the ecosystem, which could not simply be inferred from its final trophic position. Our results highlight that accounting for all life stages when managing natural populations is crucial to preserve the functioning of natural ecosystems, especially given that early life stages of species are often particularly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic disturbances.
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Natugonza V, Ogutu-ohwayo R, Musinguzi L, Kashindye B, Jónsson S, Valtysson HT. Exploring the structural and functional properties of the Lake Victoria food web, and the role of fisheries, using a mass balance model. Ecol Modell 2016; 342:161-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Holbrook SJ, Schmitt RJ, Adam TC, Brooks AJ. Coral Reef Resilience, Tipping Points and the Strength of Herbivory. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35817. [PMID: 27804977 PMCID: PMC5090207 DOI: 10.1038/srep35817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs increasingly are undergoing transitions from coral to macroalgal dominance. Although the functional roles of reef herbivores in controlling algae are becoming better understood, identifying possible tipping points in the herbivory-macroalgae relationships has remained a challenge. Assessment of where any coral reef ecosystem lies in relation to the coral-to-macroalgae tipping point is fundamental to understanding resilience properties, forecasting state shifts, and developing effective management practices. We conducted a multi-year field experiment in Moorea, French Polynesia to estimate these properties. While we found a sharp herbivory threshold where macroalgae escape control, ambient levels of herbivory by reef fishes were well above that needed to prevent proliferation of macroalgae. These findings are consistent with previously observed high resilience of the fore reef in Moorea. Our approach can identify vulnerable coral reef systems in urgent need of management action to both forestall shifts to macroalgae and preserve properties essential for resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J. Holbrook
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Russell J. Schmitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thomas C. Adam
- Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Andrew J. Brooks
- Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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McIntyre PB, Reidy Liermann CA, Revenga C. Linking freshwater fishery management to global food security and biodiversity conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12880-5. [PMID: 27791055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521540113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisheries are an essential ecosystem service, but catches from freshwaters are often overlooked. Hundreds of millions of people around the world benefit from low-cost protein, recreation, and commerce provided by freshwater fisheries, particularly in regions where alternative sources of nutrition and employment are scarce. Here, we derive a gridded global map of riverine fisheries and assess its implications for biodiversity conservation, fishery sustainability, and food security. Catches increase with river discharge and human population density, and 90% of global catch comes from river basins with above-average stress levels. Fish richness and catches are positively but not causally correlated, revealing that fishing pressure is most intense in rivers where potential impacts on biodiversity are highest. Merging our catch analysis with nutritional and socioeconomic data, we find that freshwater fisheries provide the equivalent of all dietary animal protein for 158 million people. Poor and undernourished populations are particularly reliant on inland fisheries compared with marine or aquaculture sources. The spatial coincidence of productive freshwater fisheries and low food security highlights the critical role of rivers and lakes in providing locally sourced, low-cost protein. At the same time, intensive fishing in regions where rivers are already degraded by other stressors may undermine efforts to conserve biodiversity. This syndrome of poverty, nutritional deficiency, fishery dependence, and extrinsic threats to biodiverse river ecosystems underscores the high stakes for improving fishery management. Our enhanced spatial data on estimated catches can facilitate the inclusion of inland fisheries in environmental planning to protect both food security and species diversity.
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Walters C, Christensen V, Fulton B, Smith AD, Hilborn R. Predictions from simple predator-prey theory about impacts of harvesting forage fishes. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Bush
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of Stirling Stirling Scotland FK9 4LA UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonSilwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| | - Rebecca E. Short
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonSilwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot SL5 7PY UK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - E. J. Milner‐Gulland
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonSilwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot SL5 7PY UK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | | | | | - Nicholas Hill
- Conservation ProgrammesZoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of Exeter Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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Kvalnes T, Saether BE, Haanes H, Røed KH, Engen S, Solberg EJ. Harvest-induced phenotypic selection in an island population of moose, Alces alces. Evolution 2016; 70:1486-500. [PMID: 27174031 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence strongly indicates that human exploitation has frequently led to rapid evolutionary changes in wild populations, yet the mechanisms involved are often poorly understood. Here, we applied a recently developed demographic framework for analyzing selection to data from a 20-year study of a wild population of moose, Alces alces. In this population, a genetic pedigree has been established all the way back to founders. We demonstrate harvest-induced directional selection for delayed birth dates in males and reduced body mass as calf in females. During the study period, birth date was delayed by 0.81 days per year for both sexes, whereas no significant changes occurred in calf body mass. Quantitative genetic analyses indicated that both traits harbored significant additive genetic variance. These results show that selective harvesting can induce strong selection that oppose natural selection. This may cause evolution of less favorable phenotypes that become maladaptive once harvesting ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kvalnes
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallvard Haanes
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway
| | - Knut H Røed
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO-8146 Dep, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Engen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erling J Solberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
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Kuparinen A, Boit A, Valdovinos FS, Lassaux H, Martinez ND. Fishing-induced life-history changes degrade and destabilize harvested ecosystems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22245. [PMID: 26915461 DOI: 10.1038/srep22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishing is widely known to magnify fluctuations in targeted populations. These fluctuations are correlated with population shifts towards young, small, and more quickly maturing individuals. However, the existence and nature of the mechanistic basis for these correlations and their potential ecosystem impacts remain highly uncertain. Here, we elucidate this basis and associated impacts by showing how fishing can increase fluctuations in fishes and their ecosystem, particularly when coupled with decreasing body sizes and advancing maturation characteristic of the life-history changes induced by fishing. More specifically, using an empirically parameterized network model of a well-studied lake ecosystem, we show how fishing may both increase fluctuations in fish abundances and also, when accompanied by decreasing body size of adults, further decrease fish abundance and increase temporal variability of fishes’ food resources and their ecosystem. In contrast, advanced maturation has relatively little effect except to increase variability in juvenile populations. Our findings illustrate how different mechanisms underlying life-history changes that may arise as evolutionary responses to intensive, size-selective fishing can rapidly and continuously destabilize and degrade ecosystems even after fishing has ceased. This research helps better predict how life-history changes may reduce fishes’ resilience to fishing and ecosystems’ resistance to environmental variations.
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Ward TD, Algera DA, Gallagher AJ, Hawkins E, Horodysky A, Jørgensen C, Killen SS, McKenzie DJ, Metcalfe JD, Peck MA, Vu M, Cooke SJ. Understanding the individual to implement the ecosystem approach to fisheries management. Conserv Physiol 2016; 4:cow005. [PMID: 27293757 PMCID: PMC4825417 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management (EAFMs) have emerged as requisite for sustainable use of fisheries resources. At the same time, however, there is a growing recognition of the degree of variation among individuals within a population, as well as the ecological consequences of this variation. Managing resources at an ecosystem level calls on practitioners to consider evolutionary processes, and ample evidence from the realm of fisheries science indicates that anthropogenic disturbance can drive changes in predominant character traits (e.g. size at maturity). Eco-evolutionary theory suggests that human-induced trait change and the modification of selective regimens might contribute to ecosystem dynamics at a similar magnitude to species extirpation, extinction and ecological dysfunction. Given the dynamic interaction between fisheries and target species via harvest and subsequent ecosystem consequences, we argue that individual diversity in genetic, physiological and behavioural traits are important considerations under EAFMs. Here, we examine the role of individual variation in a number of contexts relevant to fisheries management, including the potential ecological effects of rapid trait change. Using select examples, we highlight the extent of phenotypic diversity of individuals, as well as the ecological constraints on such diversity. We conclude that individual phenotypic diversity is a complex phenomenon that needs to be considered in EAFMs, with the ultimate realization that maintaining or increasing individual trait diversity may afford not only species, but also entire ecosystems, with enhanced resilience to environmental perturbations. Put simply, individuals are the foundation from which population- and ecosystem-level traits emerge and are therefore of central importance for the ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D. Ward
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
- Corresponding author: Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6.
| | - Dirk A. Algera
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
| | - Austin J. Gallagher
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
| | - Emily Hawkins
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1N 9B4
| | - Andrij Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Christian Jørgensen
- Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - David J. McKenzie
- Equipe Diversité et Ecologie des Poissons, UMR5119 Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex 5 34095, France
| | - Julian D. Metcalfe
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg 22767, Germany
| | - Maria Vu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1N 9B4
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
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