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Sémon M, Mouginot M, Peltier M, Corneloup C, Veber P, Guéguen L, Pantalacci S. Comparative transcriptomics in serial organs uncovers early and pan-organ developmental changes associated with organ-specific morphological adaptation. Nat Commun 2025; 16:768. [PMID: 39824799 PMCID: PMC11742040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-55826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Mice have evolved a new dental plan with two additional cusps on the upper molar, while hamsters were retaining the ancestral plan. By comparing the dynamics of molar development with transcriptome time series, we found at least three early changes in mouse upper molar development. Together, they redirect spatio-temporal dynamics to ultimately form two additional cusps. The mouse lower molar has undergone much more limited phenotypic evolution. Nevertheless, its developmental trajectory evolved as much as that of the upper molar and co-evolved with it. Among the coevolving changes, some are clearly involved in the new upper molar phenotype. We found a similar level of coevolution in bat limbs. In conclusion, our study reveals how serial organ morphology has adapted through organ-specific developmental changes, as expected, but also through shared changes that have organ-specific effects on the final phenotype. This highlights the important role of developmental system drift in one organ to accommodate adaptation in another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sémon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon, France.
| | - Marion Mouginot
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon, France
| | - Manon Peltier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon, France
| | - Claudine Corneloup
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Veber
- Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Guéguen
- Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Pantalacci
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allee d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon, France.
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Shao F, Phan AV, Yu W, Guo Y, Thompson J, Coppinger C, Venugopalan SR, Amendt BA, Van Otterloo E, Cao H. Transcriptional programs of Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b controlling lineage specification of mandibular epithelium during tooth initiation. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011364. [PMID: 39052671 PMCID: PMC11302917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
How the dorsal-ventral axis of the vertebrate jaw, particularly the position of tooth initiation site, is established remains a critical and unresolved question. Tooth development starts with the formation of the dental lamina, a localized thickened strip within the maxillary and mandibular epithelium. To identify transcriptional regulatory networks (TRN) controlling the specification of dental lamina from the naïve mandibular epithelium, we utilized Laser Microdissection coupled low-input RNA-seq (LMD-RNA-seq) to profile gene expression of different domains of the mandibular epithelium along the dorsal-ventral axis. We comprehensively identified transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways that are differentially expressed along mandibular epithelial domains (including the dental lamina). Specifically, we found that the TFs Sox2 and Tfap2 (Tfap2a/Tfap2b) formed complimentary expression domains along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mandibular epithelium. Interestingly, both classic and novel dental lamina specific TFs-such as Pitx2, Ascl5 and Zfp536-were found to localize near the Sox2:Tfap2a/Tfap2b interface. To explore the functional significance of these domain specific TFs, we next examined loss-of-function mouse models of these domain specific TFs, including the dental lamina specific TF, Pitx2, and the ventral surface ectoderm specific TFs Tfap2a and Tfap2b. We found that disruption of domain specific TFs leads to an upregulation and expansion of the alternative domain's TRN. The importance of this cross-repression is evident by the ectopic expansion of Pitx2 and Sox2 positive dental lamina structure in Tfap2a/Tfap2b ectodermal double knockouts and the emergence of an ectopic tooth in the ventral surface ectoderm. Finally, we uncovered an unappreciated interface of mesenchymal SHH and WNT signaling pathways, at the site of tooth initiation, that were established by the epithelial domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b. These results uncover a previously unknown molecular mechanism involving cross-repression of domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b in patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse mandible, specifically the regulation of tooth initiation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - An-Vi Phan
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yuwei Guo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jamie Thompson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carter Coppinger
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shankar R. Venugopalan
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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3
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Wang Z, Chen C, Zhang J, He J, Zhang L, Wu J, Tian Z. Epithelium-derived SCUBE3 promotes polarized odontoblastic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells and pulp regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:130. [PMID: 37189178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3), a secreted multifunctional glycoprotein whose transcript expression is restricted to the tooth germ epithelium during the development of embryonic mouse teeth, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the regulation of tooth development. Based on this, we hypothesized that epithelium-derived SCUBE3 contributes to bio-function in dental mesenchymal cells (Mes) via epithelium-mesenchyme interactions. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and a co-culture system were used to reveal the temporospatial expression of the SCUBE3 protein during mouse tooth germ development. In addition, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were used as a Mes model to study the proliferation, migration, odontoblastic differentiation capacity, and mechanism of rhSCUBE3. Novel pulp-dentin-like organoid models were constructed to further confirm the odontoblast induction function of SCUBE3. Finally, semi-orthotopic animal experiments were performed to explore the clinical application of rhSCUBE3. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and t-tests. RESULTS The epithelium-derived SCUBE3 translocated to the mesenchyme via a paracrine pathway during mouse embryonic development, and the differentiating odontoblasts in postnatal tooth germ subsequently secreted the SCUBE3 protein via an autocrine mechanism. In hDPSCs, exogenous SCUBE3 promoted cell proliferation and migration via TGF-β signalling and accelerated odontoblastic differentiation via BMP2 signalling. In the semi-orthotopic animal experiments, we found that SCUBE3 pre-treatment-induced polarized odontoblast-like cells attached to the dental walls and had better angiogenesis performance. CONCLUSION SCUBE3 protein expression is transferred from the epithelium to mesenchyme during embryonic development. The function of epithelium-derived SCUBE3 in Mes, including proliferation, migration, and polarized odontoblastic differentiation, and their mechanisms are elaborated for the first time. These findings shed light on exogenous SCUBE3 application in clinic dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, No. 143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangdie He
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, No. 143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Higher Education Institution of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Road North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Lee JM, Qin C, Chai O, Lan Y, Jiang R, Kwon HJ. MSX1 Drives Tooth Morphogenesis Through Controlling Wnt Signaling Activity. J Dent Res 2022; 101:832-839. [PMID: 35114852 PMCID: PMC9218501 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is a common structural birth defect in humans that results from failure of morphogenesis during early tooth development. The homeobox transcription factor Msx1 and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway are essential for "bud to cap" morphogenesis and are causal factors for tooth agenesis. Our recent study suggested that Msx1 regulates Wnt signaling during early tooth development by suppressing the expression of Dkk2 and Sfrp2 in the tooth bud mesenchyme, and it demonstrated partial rescue of Msx1-deficient molar teeth by a combination of DKK inhibition and genetic inactivation of SFRPs. In this study, we found that Sostdc1/Wise, another secreted Wnt antagonist, is involved in regulating the odontogenic pathway downstream of Msx1. Whereas Sostdc1 expression in the developing tooth germ was not increased in Msx1-/- embryos, genetic inactivation of Sostdc1 rescued maxillary molar, but not mandibular molar, morphogenesis in Msx1-/- mice with full penetrance. Since the Msx1-/-;Sostdc1-/- embryos exhibited ectopic Dkk2 expression in the developing dental mesenchyme, similar to Msx1-/- embryos, we generated and analyzed tooth development in Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/- double and Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/-;Sostdc1-/- triple mutant mice. The Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/- double mutants showed rescued maxillary molar morphogenesis at high penetrance, with a small percentage also exhibiting mandibular molars that transitioned to the cap stage. Furthermore, tooth development was rescued in the maxillary and mandibular molars, with full penetrance, in the Msx1-/-;Dkk2-/-;Sostdc1-/- mice. Together, these data reveal 1) that a key role of Msx1 in driving tooth development through the bud-to-cap transition is to control the expression of Dkk2 and 2) that modulation of Wnt signaling activity by Dkk2 and Sostdc1 plays a crucial role in the Msx1-dependent odontogenic pathway during early tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-M. Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C. Qin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - O.H. Chai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Y. Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R. Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H.-J.E. Kwon
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Miao X, Niibe K, Fu Y, Zhang M, Nattasit P, Ohori-Morita Y, Nakamura T, Jiang X, Egusa H. Epiprofin Transcriptional Activation Promotes Ameloblast Induction From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via the BMP-Smad Signaling Axis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:890882. [PMID: 35800329 PMCID: PMC9253510 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise for their directed differentiation into ameloblasts, which are usually lost after tooth eruption. Ameloblast differentiation is regulated by multiple signaling molecules, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Epiprofin (Epfn), a transcription factor, is expressed in the dental epithelium, and epithelial Epfn overexpression results in ectopic ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation in mouse incisor, a striking phenotype resembling that of mice with deletion of follistatin (a BMP inhibitor). However, it remains unknown whether and how Epfn transcriptional activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs. Here, we generated doxycycline-inducible Epfn-expressing mouse iPSCs (Epfn-iPSCs). Ameloblasts, which are characterized by positive staining for keratin 14 and amelogenin and alizarin red S staining, were successfully derived from Epfn-iPSCs based on a stage-specific induction protocol, which involved the induction of the surface ectoderm, dental epithelial cells, and ameloblasts at stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Epfn activation by doxycycline at stages 2 and/or 3 decreased cell proliferation and promoted ameloblast differentiation, along with the upregulation of p-Smad1/5/8, a key regulator of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway. Gene analysis of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway-associated molecules revealed that Epfn activation decreased follistatin expression at stage 2, but increased BMP2/4/7 expression at stage 3. Perturbations in the ameloblast differentiation process were observed when the BMP-Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by a BMP receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189). Simultaneous LDN-193189 treatment and Epfn activation largely reversed the perturbations in ameloblast induction, with partial recovery of p-Smad1/5/8 expression, suggesting that Epfn activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs partially by upregulating BMP-Smad activity. These results reveal the potential regulatory networks between Epfn and the BMP-Smad pathway and suggest that Epfn is a promising target for inducing the differentiation of ameloblasts, which can be used in enamel and tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Miao
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kunimichi Niibe, ; Hiroshi Egusa,
| | - Yunyu Fu
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Praphawi Nattasit
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohori-Morita
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kunimichi Niibe, ; Hiroshi Egusa,
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The effect of BMP4, FGF8 and WNT3a on mouse iPS cells differentiating to odontoblast-like cells. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:199-209. [PMID: 35578118 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether BMP4, FGF8, and/or WNT3a on neural crest-like cells (NCLC) derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem (miPS) cells will promote differentiation of odontoblasts-like cells. After the miPS cells matured into embryonic body (EB) cells, they were cultured in a neural induction medium to produce NCLC. As the differentiation of NCLC were confirmed by RT-qPCR, they were then disassociated and cultured with a medium containing, BMP4, FGF8, and/or WNT3a for 7 and 14 days. The effect of these stimuli on NCLC were assessed by RT-qPCR, ALP staining, and immunocytochemistry. The cultured EB cells presented a significant increase of Snai1, Slug, and Sox 10 substantiating the differentiation of NCLC. NCLC stimulated with more than two stimuli significantly increased the odontoblast markers Dmp-1, Dspp, Nestin, Alp, and Runx2 expression compared to control with no stimulus. The expression of Dmp-1 and Dspp upregulated more when FGF8 was combined with WNT3a. ALP staining was positive in groups containing BMP4 and fluorescence was observed in immunocytochemistry of the common significant groups between Dmp-1 and Dspp. After stimulation, the cell morphology demonstrated a spindle-shaped cells with long projections resembling odontoblasts. Simultaneous BMP4, FGF8, and WNT3a stimuli significantly differentiated NCLC into odontoblast-like cells.
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Wang F, Tao R, Zhao L, Hao XH, Zou Y, Lin Q, Liu MM, Goldman G, Luo D, Chen S. Differential lncRNA/mRNA Expression Profiling and Functional Network Analyses in Bmp2 Deletion of Mouse Dental Papilla Cells. Front Genet 2022; 12:702540. [PMID: 35003201 PMCID: PMC8727545 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.702540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bmp2 is essential for dentin development and formation. Bmp2 conditional knock-out (KO) mice display a similar tooth phenotype of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). To elucidate a foundation for subsequent functional studies of cross talk between mRNAs and lncRNAs in Bmp2-mediated dentinogenesis, we investigated the profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs using immortalized mouse dental Bmp2 flox/flox (iBmp2fx/fx) and Bmp2 knock-out (iBmp2ko/ko) papilla cells. RNA sequencing was implemented to study the expression of the lncRNAs and mRNAs. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to predict functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network were analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. As a result, a total of 22 differentially expressed lncRNAs (16 downregulated vs 6 upregulated) and 227 differentially expressed mRNAs (133 downregulated vs. 94 upregulated) were identified in the iBmp2ko/ko cells compared with those of the iBmp2fx/fx cells. RT-qPCR results showed significantly differential expressions of several lncRNAs and mRNAs which were consistent with the RNA-seq data. GO and KEGG analyses showed differentially expressed genes were closely related to cell differentiation, transcriptional regulation, and developmentally relevant signaling pathways. Moreover, network-based bioinformatics analysis depicted the co-expression network between lncRNAs and mRNAs regulated by Bmp2 in mouse dental papilla cells and symmetrically analyzed the effect of Bmp2 during dentinogenesis via coding and non-coding RNA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ran Tao
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hui Hao
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Qing Lin
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Meng Liu
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Graham Goldman
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Daoshu Luo
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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8
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Hermans F, Hemeryck L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A, Vankelecom H. Intertwined Signaling Pathways Governing Tooth Development: A Give-and-Take Between Canonical Wnt and Shh. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758203. [PMID: 34778267 PMCID: PMC8586510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth play essential roles in life. Their development relies on reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm-derived dental epithelium and the underlying neural crest-originated mesenchyme. This odontogenic process serves as a prototype model for the development of ectodermal appendages. In the mouse, developing teeth go through distinct morphological phases that are tightly controlled by epithelial signaling centers. Crucial molecular regulators of odontogenesis include the evolutionarily conserved Wnt, BMP, FGF and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways. These signaling modules do not act on their own, but are closely intertwined during tooth development, thereby outlining the path to be taken by specific cell populations including the resident dental stem cells. Recently, pivotal Wnt-Shh interaction and feedback loops have been uncovered during odontogenesis, showing conservation in other developing ectodermal appendages. This review provides an integrated overview of the interplay between canonical Wnt and Shh throughout mouse tooth formation stages, extending from the initiation of dental placode to the fully formed adult tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lara Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Aryal YP, Kim TY, Lee ES, An CH, Kim JY, Yamamoto H, Lee S, Lee Y, Sohn WJ, Neupane S, Kim JY. Signaling Modulation by miRNA-221-3p During Tooth Morphogenesis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697243. [PMID: 34513833 PMCID: PMC8424101 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are conserved short non-coding RNAs that play a role in the modulation of various biological pathways during tissue and organ morphogenesis. In this study, the function of miRNA-221-3p in tooth development, through its loss or gain in function was evaluated. A variety of techniques were utilized to evaluate detailed functional roles of miRNA-221-3p during odontogenesis, including in vitro tooth cultivation, renal capsule transplantation, in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Two-day in vitro tooth cultivation at E13 identified altered cellular events, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and cytoskeletal arrangement, with the loss and gain of miRNA-221-3p. qPCR analysis revealed alterations in gene expression of tooth-related signaling molecules, including β-catenin, Bmp2, Bmp4, Fgf4, Ptch1, and Shh, when inhibited with miRNA-221-3p and mimic. Also, the inhibition of miRNA-221-3p demonstrated increased mesenchymal localizations of pSMAD1/5/8, alongside decreased expression patterns of Shh and Fgf4 within inner enamel epithelium (IEE) in E13 + 2 days in vitro cultivated teeth. Moreover, 1-week renal transplantation of in vitro cultivated teeth had smaller tooth size with reduced enamel and dentin matrices, along with increased cellular proliferation and Shh expression along the Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS), within the inhibitor group. Similarly, in 3-week renal calcified teeth, the overexpression of miRNA-221-3p did not affect tooth phenotype, while the loss of function resulted in long and slender teeth with short mesiodistal length. This study provides evidence that a suitable level of miRNA-221-3p is required for the modulation of major signaling pathways, including Wnt, Bmp, and Shh, during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eui-Seon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanggyu Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Pre-Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Dasgupta K, Cesario JM, Ha S, Asam K, Deacon LJ, Song AH, Kim J, Cobb J, Yoon JK, Jeong J. R-Spondin 3 Regulates Mammalian Dental and Craniofacial Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9030031. [PMID: 34449628 PMCID: PMC8395884 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the teeth requires complex signaling interactions between the mesenchyme and the epithelium mediated by multiple pathways. For example, canonical WNT signaling is essential to many aspects of odontogenesis, and inhibiting this pathway blocks tooth development at an early stage. R-spondins (RSPOs) are secreted proteins, and they mostly augment WNT signaling. Although RSPOs have been shown to play important roles in the development of many organs, their role in tooth development is unclear. A previous study reported that mutating Rspo2 in mice led to supernumerary lower molars, while teeth forming at the normal positions showed no significant anomalies. Because multiple Rspo genes are expressed in the orofacial region, it is possible that the relatively mild phenotype of Rspo2 mutants is due to functional compensation by other RSPO proteins. We found that inactivating Rspo3 in the craniofacial mesenchyme caused the loss of lower incisors, which did not progress beyond the bud stage. A simultaneous deletion of Rspo2 and Rspo3 caused severe disruption of craniofacial development from early stages, which was accompanied with impaired development of all teeth. Together, these results indicate that Rspo3 is an important regulator of mammalian dental and craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakali Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeffry M. Cesario
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Sara Ha
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kesava Asam
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Lindsay J. Deacon
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Ana H. Song
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Julie Kim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - John Cobb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.D.); (J.M.C.); (S.H.); (K.A.); (L.J.D.); (A.H.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Nelson JS, Harrington L, Holland E, Cardoso HFV. Does age estimated from teeth forming in different early life periods show differential discrepancy with known age? Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23577. [PMID: 33590517 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore growth discrepancies in the dentition of impoverished children and examine how dental development is impacted by environmental influences throughout childhood, thereby identifying which teeth are more sensitive to the effects of biocultural factors and are consequently less useful to predict age. METHODS Length measurements of developing teeth (deciduous and permanent) were taken from individuals of known age and sex (n = 61) from the Certosa collection, a 19th century skeletal assemblage representing Italian children of low socioeconomic status. Discrepancies between age estimates based on tooth length and chronological age were calculated, and the accuracy and precision of age prediction between earlier forming teeth and later forming teeth were compared. RESULTS Deciduous teeth produced more precise dental age estimates (mean age discrepancy -0.092 years), while discrepancies between chronological age and age based on developing permanent dentition were larger (-0.628 years). The difference between these discrepancies in age estimates for deciduous and permanent teeth was significant (p < 0.001), indicating that age prediction from deciduous tooth length is more accurate than age predicted using permanent tooth length. CONCLUSION An increasing variation and delay in tooth length for age reflects increasing susceptibility to biocultural factors, which impacts tooth growth during the course of childhood. Teeth whose development occurs earlier in life are less variable in their growth and provide more accurate estimations of age as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Nelson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lesley Harrington
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Holland
- Department of Anthropology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hugo F V Cardoso
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Jia S, Oliver JD, Turner EC, Renouard M, Bei M, Wright JT, D'Souza RN. Pax9's Interaction With the Ectodysplasin Signaling Pathway During the Patterning of Dentition. Front Physiol 2020; 11:581843. [PMID: 33329029 PMCID: PMC7732595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.581843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In these studies, we explored for the first time the molecular relationship between the paired-domain-containing transcription factor, Pax9, and the ectodysplasin (Eda) signaling pathway during mouse incisor formation. Mice that were deficient in both Pax9 and Eda were generated, and the status of dentition analyzed in all progeny using gross evaluation and histomorphometric means. When compared to wildtype controls, Pax9+/–Eda–/– mice lack mandibular incisors. Interestingly, Fgf and Shh signaling are down-regulated while Bmp4 and Lef1 appear unaffected. These findings suggest that Pax9-dependent signaling involves the Eda pathway and that this genetic relationship is important for mandibular incisor development. Studies of records of humans affected by mutations in PAX9 lead to the congenital absence of posterior dentition but interestingly involve agenesis of mandibular central incisors. The latter phenotype is exhibited by individuals with EDA or EDAR mutations. Thus, it is likely that PAX9, in addition to playing a role in the formation of more complex dentition, is also involved with EDA signaling in the initiation of odontogenesis within the incisal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Jia
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jeremie D Oliver
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Emma C Turner
- Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maranda Renouard
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marianna Bei
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J T Wright
- Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Pathology, and Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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13
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Hulsey CD, Cohen KE, Johanson Z, Karagic N, Meyer A, Miller CT, Sadier A, Summers AP, Fraser GJ. Grand Challenges in Comparative Tooth Biology. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:563-580. [PMID: 32533826 PMCID: PMC7821850 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth are a model system for integrating developmental genomics, functional morphology, and evolution. We are at the cusp of being able to address many open issues in comparative tooth biology and we outline several of these newly tractable and exciting research directions. Like never before, technological advances and methodological approaches are allowing us to investigate the developmental machinery of vertebrates and discover both conserved and excitingly novel mechanisms of diversification. Additionally, studies of the great diversity of soft tissues, replacement teeth, and non-trophic functions of teeth are providing new insights into dental diversity. Finally, we highlight several emerging model groups of organisms that are at the forefront of increasing our appreciation of the mechanisms underlying tooth diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Darrin Hulsey
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Karly E Cohen
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Washington, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zerina Johanson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5HD, UK
| | - Nidal Karagic
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Craig T Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Adam P Summers
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Washington, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gareth J Fraser
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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Sadier A, Santana SE, Sears KE. The role of core and variable Gene Regulatory Network modules in tooth development and evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 63:icaa116. [PMID: 32761089 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the developmental processes that have been proposed to influence the direction of evolution, the modular organization of developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) has shown particular promise. In theory, GRNs have core modules comprised of essential, conserved circuits of genes, and sub-modules of downstream, secondary circuits of genes that are more susceptible to variation. While this idea has received considerable interest as of late, the field of evo-devo lacks the experimental systems needed to rigorously evaluate this hypothesis. Here, we introduce an experimental system, the vertebrate tooth, that has great potential as a model for testing this hypothesis. Tooth development and its associated GRN have been well studied and modeled in both model and non-model organisms. We propose that the existence of modules within the tooth GRN explains both the conservation of developmental mechanisms and the extraordinary diversity of teeth among vertebrates. Based on experimental data, we hypothesize that there is a conserved core module of genes that is absolutely necessary to ensure tooth or cusp initiation and development. In regard to tooth shape variation between species, we suggest that more relaxed sub-modules activated at later steps of tooth development, e.g., during the morphogenesis of the tooth and its cusps, control the different axes of tooth morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Ho JWK. Biophysical Review's 'meet the editors series'-a profile of Joshua W. K. Ho. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:745-748. [PMID: 32725478 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is my pleasure to write a few words to introduce myself to the readers of Biophysical Reviews as part of the 'meet the editors' series. A portrait of Dr. Joshua Ho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W K Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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16
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Hayden L, Lochovska K, Sémon M, Renaud S, Delignette-Muller ML, Vilcot M, Peterkova R, Hovorakova M, Pantalacci S. Developmental variability channels mouse molar evolution. eLife 2020; 9:50103. [PMID: 32048989 PMCID: PMC7182435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Do developmental systems preferentially produce certain types of variation that orient phenotypic evolution along preferred directions? At different scales, from the intra-population to the interspecific, the murine first upper molar shows repeated anterior elongation. Using a novel quantitative approach to compare the development of two mouse strains with short or long molars, we identified temporal, spatial and functional differences in tooth signaling center activity, that arise from differential tuning of the activation-inhibition mechanisms underlying tooth patterning. By tracing their fate, we could explain why only the upper first molar reacts via elongation of its anterior part. Despite a lack of genetic variation, individuals of the elongated strain varied in tooth length and the temporal dynamics of their signaling centers, highlighting the intrinsic instability of the upper molar developmental system. Collectively, these results reveal the variational properties of murine molar development that drive morphological evolution along a line of least resistance. Over time species develop random mutations in their genetic sequence that causes their form to change. If this new form increases the survival of a species it will become favored through natural selection and is more likely to get passed on to future generations. But, the evolution of these new traits also depends on what happens during development. Developmental mechanisms control how an embryo progresses from a single cell to an adult organism made of many cells. Mutations that alter these processes can influence the physical outcome of development, and cause a new trait to form. This means that if many different mutations alter development in a similar way, this can lead to the same physical change, making it ‘easy’ for a new trait to repeatedly occur. Most of the research has focused on finding the mutations that underlie repeated evolution, but rarely on identifying the role of the underlying developmental mechanisms. To bridge this gap, Hayden et al. investigated how changes during development influence the shape and size of molar teeth in mice. In some wild species of mice, the front part of the first upper molar is longer than in other species. This elongation, which is repeatedly found in mice from different islands, likely came from developmental mechanisms. Tooth development in mice has been well-studied in the laboratory, and Hayden et al. started by identifying two strains of laboratory mice that mimic the teeth seen in their wild cousins, one with elongated upper first molars and another with short ones. Comparing how these two strains of mice developed their elongated or short teeth revealed key differences in the embryonic structures that form the upper molar and cause it to elongate. Further work showed that variations in these embryonic structures can even cause mice that are genetically identical to have longer or shorter upper first molars. These findings show how early differences during development can lead to small variations in form between adult species of mice. This study highlights how studying developmental differences as well as genetic sequences can further our understanding of how different species evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hayden
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Katerina Lochovska
- 1st Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Sémon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Laure Delignette-Muller
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maurine Vilcot
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Renata Peterkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sophie Pantalacci
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
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17
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Ren J, Huang D, Li R, Wang W, Zhou C. Control of mesenchymal stem cell biology by histone modifications. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 32025282 PMCID: PMC6996187 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-0378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered the most promising seed cells for regenerative medicine because of their considerable therapeutic properties and accessibility. Fine-tuning of cell biological processes, including differentiation and senescence, is essential for achievement of the expected regenerative efficacy. Researchers have recently made great advances in understanding the spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics that occur during osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and the intrinsic and environmental factors that affect these processes. In this context, histone modifications have been intensively studied in recent years and have already been indicated to play significant and universal roles in MSC fate determination and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries regarding the effects of histone modifications on MSC biology. Moreover, we also provide our insights and perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Ren
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Delan Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Runze Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Weicai Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
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18
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Huang D, Ren J, Li R, Guan C, Feng Z, Bao B, Wang W, Zhou C. Tooth Regeneration: Insights from Tooth Development and Spatial-Temporal Control of Bioactive Drug Release. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:41-55. [PMID: 31834583 PMCID: PMC6987083 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tooth defect and tooth loss are common clinical diseases in stomatology. Compared with the traditional oral restoration treatment, tooth regeneration has unique advantages and is currently the focus of oral biomedical research. It is known that dozens of cytokines/growth factors and other bioactive factors are expressed in a spatial-temporal pattern during tooth development. On the other hand, the technology for spatial-temporal control of drug release has been intensively studied and well developed recently, making control release of these bioactive factors mimicking spatial-temporal pattern more feasible than ever for the purpose of tooth regeneration. This article reviews the research progress on the tooth development and discusses the future of tooth regeneration in the context of spatial-temporal release of developmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delan Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhan Ren
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runze Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Guan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicai Feng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baicheng Bao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicai Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Li L, Tang Q, Wang A, Chen Y. Regrowing a tooth: in vitro and in vivo approaches. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:126-131. [PMID: 31493737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologically oriented regenerative dentistry in an attempt to regrow a functional tooth by harnessing the natural healing capabilities of dental tissues has become a recent trend challenging the current dental practice on repairing the damaged or missing tooth. In this review, we outline the conceptual development on the in situ revitalization of the tooth replacement capability lost during evolution, the updated progress in stem-cell-based in vivo repair of the damaged tooth, and the recent endeavors for in vitro generation of an implantable bioengineered tooth germ. Thereafter, we summarize the major challenges that need to be overcome in order to provide the rationale and directions for the success of fully functional tooth regeneration in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Qinghuang Tang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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20
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Ye B, Li L, Xu H, Chen Y, Li F. Opposing roles of TCF7/LEF1 and TCF7L2 in cyclin D2 and Bmp4 expression and cardiomyocyte cell cycle control during late heart development. J Transl Med 2019; 99:807-818. [PMID: 30778164 PMCID: PMC6570565 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt pathways regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, but how these two pathways interact and mediate their nuclear actions in the heart, especially during late cardiac development, remains poorly defined. T-cell factor (TCF) and lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family transcriptional factors, including Lef1, Tcf7, Tcf7l1, and Tcf7l2, are important nuclear mediators of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling throughout cardiac development. We reveal that these TCF/LEF family members direct heart maturation through distinct temporal and spatial control. TCF7 and LEF1 decrease while TCF7L1 and TCF7L2 remain relatively stable during heart development. LEF1 is mainly expressed in mesenchymal cells in valvular regions. TCF7 and TCF7L1 are detected in the nucleus of mesothelial and endothelial cells, but not in cardiomyocytes or mesenchymal cells. Tcf7l2 is the primary TCF/LEF family member in cardiomyocytes and undergoes alternative splicing during heart development. A TCF7L2 intensity gradient opposite to that of β-catenin and cardiomyocyte proliferative activity is present in fetal hearts. Wnt activation by cardiac deletion of APC, a negative Wnt regulator, dramatically increases Cyclin D2 and Bmp4 expression. BMP signal transducing transcription factors, the mothers against decapentaplegic homologs (SMADs) are increasingly phosphorylated upon Wnt activation. LEF1/TCF7 displaces TCF7L2 and cooperates with pSMAD 1/5/8 in the regulatory elements of Cyclin D2 and Bmp4 promoters to promote β-catenin recruitment and transcriptional activation. Finally, we demonstrate that TCF7L2 is a transcriptional suppressor of Cyclin D2 and Bmp 4 in a cardiac cell line by overexpression and knockdown experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Room 293, Dwan Variety Club Cardiovascular Research Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Pathology/Anatomic Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Room 293, Dwan Variety Club Cardiovascular Research Center, 425 E River Pkwy, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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21
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Sadier A, Twarogowska M, Steklikova K, Hayden L, Lambert A, Schneider P, Laudet V, Hovorakova M, Calvez V, Pantalacci S. Modeling Edar expression reveals the hidden dynamics of tooth signaling center patterning. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000064. [PMID: 30730874 PMCID: PMC6382175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When patterns are set during embryogenesis, it is expected that they are straightly established rather than subsequently modified. The patterning of the three mouse molars is, however, far from straight, likely as a result of mouse evolutionary history. The first-formed tooth signaling centers, called MS and R2, disappear before driving tooth formation and are thought to be vestiges of the premolars found in mouse ancestors. Moreover, the mature signaling center of the first molar (M1) is formed from the fusion of two signaling centers (R2 and early M1). Here, we report that broad activation of Edar expression precedes its spatial restriction to tooth signaling centers. This reveals a hidden two-step patterning process for tooth signaling centers, which was modeled with a single activator-inhibitor pair subject to reaction-diffusion (RD). The study of Edar expression also unveiled successive phases of signaling center formation, erasing, recovering, and fusion. Our model, in which R2 signaling center is not intrinsically defective but erased by the broad activation preceding M1 signaling center formation, predicted the surprising rescue of R2 in Edar mutant mice, where activation is reduced. The importance of this R2-M1 interaction was confirmed by ex vivo cultures showing that R2 is capable of forming a tooth. Finally, by introducing chemotaxis as a secondary process to RD, we recapitulated in silico different conditions in which R2 and M1 centers fuse or not. In conclusion, pattern formation in the mouse molar field relies on basic mechanisms whose dynamics produce embryonic patterns that are plastic objects rather than fixed end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Monika Twarogowska
- Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, project team Inria NUMED, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5669, Lyon, France
| | - Klara Steklikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luke Hayden
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Lambert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Institut Camille Jordan, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5208, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Pantalacci
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
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22
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Kabir MH, Patrick R, Ho JWK, O'Connor MD. Identification of active signaling pathways by integrating gene expression and protein interaction data. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:120. [PMID: 30598083 PMCID: PMC6311899 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Signaling pathways are the key biological mechanisms that transduce extracellular signals to affect transcription factor mediated gene regulation within cells. A number of computational methods have been developed to identify the topological structure of a specific signaling pathway using protein-protein interaction data, but they are not designed for identifying active signaling pathways in an unbiased manner. On the other hand, there are statistical methods based on gene sets or pathway data that can prioritize likely active signaling pathways, but they do not make full use of active pathway structure that link receptor, kinases and downstream transcription factors. Results Here, we present a method to simultaneously predict the set of active signaling pathways, together with their pathway structure, by integrating protein-protein interaction network and gene expression data. We evaluated the capacity for our method to predict active signaling pathways for dental epithelial cells, ocular lens epithelial cells, human pluripotent stem cell-derived lens epithelial cells, and lens fiber cells. This analysis showed our approach could identify all the known active pathways that are associated with tooth formation and lens development. Conclusions The results suggest that SPAGI can be a useful approach to identify the potential active signaling pathways given a gene expression profile. Our method is implemented as an open source R package, available via https://github.com/VCCRI/SPAGI/. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0655-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Humayun Kabir
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Michael D O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Dang P, Tang Q, Nie MY, An Y, Dong R, Hua XD, Jung HS, Shi SG. Comparative gene expression profiles of dental follicle at different stages of periodontal development: Combined use of laser capture microdissection and microarray. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Zheng J, Nie X, He L, Yoon A, Wu L, Zhang X, Vats M, Schiff M, Xiang L, Tian Z, Ling J, Mao J. Epithelial Cdc42 Deletion Induced Enamel Organ Defects and Cystogenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1346-1354. [PMID: 29874522 PMCID: PMC6199676 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518779546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase, regulates cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and other cellular processes in development and homeostasis. However, Cdc42's roles in prenatal tooth development remain elusive. Here, we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel organ. Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing enamel organ, with robust expression in the outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum (SR), and stratum intermedium layers. Strikingly, epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in cystic lesions in the enamel organ. Cystic lesions were first noted at embryonic day 15.5 and progressively enlarged during gestation. At birth, cystic lesions occupied the bulk of the entire enamel organ, with intracystic erythrocyte accumulation. Ameloblast differentiation was retarded upon epithelial Cdc42 deletion. Apoptosis occurred in the Cdc42 mutant enamel organ prior to and synchronously with cystogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy examination showed disrupted actin assemblies, aberrant desmosomes, and significantly fewer cell junctions in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants than littermate controls. Autophagosomes were present in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants relative to the virtual absence of autophagosome in the SR cells of littermate controls. Epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion attenuated Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling in dental epithelium and induced aberrant Sox2 expression in the secondary enamel knot. These findings suggest that excessive cell death and disrupted cell-cell connections may be among multiple factors responsible for the observed cystic lesions in Cdc42 mutant enamel organs. Taken together, Cdc42 exerts multidimensional and pivotal roles in enamel organ development and is particularly required for cell survival and tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Nie
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. He
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A.J. Yoon
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Vats
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.D. Schiff
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Xiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z. Tian
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Ling
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J.J. Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Li Q, Guo Y, Yao M, Li J, Chen Y, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zeng Y, Ji B, Feng Y. Methylation of Cdkn1c may be involved in the regulation of tooth development through cell cycle inhibition. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:459-469. [PMID: 30014245 PMCID: PMC6182578 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cdkn1c, a member of the Cip/Kip cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family, is critically involved in regulating cell cycle and cellular differentiation during development in mammals. However, the functional role of Cdkn1c and the underlying mechanisms by which Cdkn1c affects odontogenesis remain largely unknown. In our study, we found that Cdkn1c expression dynamically changes from embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) to postnatal day 3 (P3), and exhibits tissue-specific expression profiles. Evaluation of CDKN1C protein by immunohistochemistry and western blot, revealed that CDKN1C protein expression peaks at P3 and then is reduced at P5 and P7. Interestingly, we observed that CDKN1C expression is higher in immature odontoblasts than preodontoblasts, is lower in mature odontoblasts, and is practically absent from ameloblasts. We evaluated cell cycle progression to further investigate the mechanisms underlying CDKN1C-mediated regulation of odontogenesis, and found that pRB, cyclin D1 and CDK2 expression decreased from P1 to P3, and reduced at P5 and P7. In addition, we observed increased methylation of KvDMR1 at P1 and P3, and reduced KvDMR1 methylation at P5 and P7. However, the methylation levels of Cdkn1c-sDMR were relatively low from P1 to P7. In summary, we demonstrated that Cdkn1c expression and methylation status may be involved in early postnatal tooth development through regulating the cell cycle inhibition activity of Cdkn1c. Notably, Cdkn1c expression and methylation may associate with cell cycle exit and differentiation of odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mianfeng Yao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yunzhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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26
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Hart JC, Ellis NA, Eisen MB, Miller CT. Convergent evolution of gene expression in two high-toothed stickleback populations. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007443. [PMID: 29897962 PMCID: PMC6016950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in developmental gene regulatory networks enable evolved changes in morphology. These changes can be in cis regulatory elements that act in an allele-specific manner, or changes to the overall trans regulatory environment that interacts with cis regulatory sequences. Here we address several questions about the evolution of gene expression accompanying a convergently evolved constructive morphological trait, increases in tooth number in two independently derived freshwater populations of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Are convergently evolved cis and/or trans changes in gene expression associated with convergently evolved morphological evolution? Do cis or trans regulatory changes contribute more to gene expression changes accompanying an evolved morphological gain trait? Transcriptome data from dental tissue of ancestral low-toothed and two independently derived high-toothed stickleback populations revealed significantly shared gene expression changes that have convergently evolved in the two high-toothed populations. Comparing cis and trans regulatory changes using phased gene expression data from F1 hybrids, we found that trans regulatory changes were predominant and more likely to be shared among both high-toothed populations. In contrast, while cis regulatory changes have evolved in both high-toothed populations, overall these changes were distinct and not shared among high-toothed populations. Together these data suggest that a convergently evolved trait can occur through genetically distinct regulatory changes that converge on similar trans regulatory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Hart
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Eisen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Craig T. Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Rackov G, Garcia-Romero N, Esteban-Rubio S, Carrión-Navarro J, Belda-Iniesta C, Ayuso-Sacido A. Vesicle-Mediated Control of Cell Function: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Microenvironment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:651. [PMID: 29922170 PMCID: PMC5996101 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) — including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies — have received much scientific attention last decade as mediators of a newly discovered cell-to-cell communication system, acting at short and long distances. EVs carry biologically active molecules, thus providing signals that influence a spectrum of functions in recipient cells during various physiological and pathological processes. Recent findings point to EVs as very attractive immunomodulatory therapeutic agents, vehicles for drug delivery and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in liquid biopsies. In addition, EVs interact with and regulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which is crucial for organ development and wound healing, as well as bone and cardiovascular calcification. EVs carrying matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in ECM remodeling, thus modifying tumor microenvironment and contributing to premetastatic niche formation and angiogenesis. Here we review the role of EVs in control of cell function, with emphasis on their interaction with ECM and microenvironment in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana Esteban-Rubio
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Cleves PA, Hart JC, Agoglia RM, Jimenez MT, Erickson PA, Gai L, Miller CT. An intronic enhancer of Bmp6 underlies evolved tooth gain in sticklebacks. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007449. [PMID: 29902209 PMCID: PMC6019817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Threespine stickleback fish offer a powerful system to dissect the genetic basis of morphological evolution in nature. Marine sticklebacks have repeatedly invaded and adapted to numerous freshwater environments throughout the Northern hemisphere. In response to new diets in freshwater habitats, changes in craniofacial morphology, including heritable increases in tooth number, have evolved in derived freshwater populations. Using a combination of quantitative genetics and genome resequencing, here we fine-mapped a quantitative trait locus (QTL) regulating evolved tooth gain to a cluster of ten QTL-associated single nucleotide variants, all within intron four of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 (Bmp6). Transgenic reporter assays revealed this intronic region contains a tooth enhancer. We induced mutations in Bmp6, revealing required roles for survival, growth, and tooth patterning. Transcriptional profiling of Bmp6 mutant dental tissues identified significant downregulation of a set of genes whose orthologs were previously shown to be expressed in quiescent mouse hair stem cells. Collectively these data support a model where mutations within a Bmp6 intronic tooth enhancer contribute to evolved tooth gain, and suggest that ancient shared genetic circuitry regulates the regeneration of diverse vertebrate epithelial appendages including mammalian hair and fish teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A. Cleves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, United States of America
| | - James C. Hart
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Agoglia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, United States of America
| | - Monica T. Jimenez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, United States of America
| | - Priscilla A. Erickson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, United States of America
| | - Linda Gai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, United States of America
| | - Craig T. Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, United States of America
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29
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Malik Z, Alexiou M, Hallgrimsson B, Economides AN, Luder HU, Graf D. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Coordinates Early Tooth Mineralization. J Dent Res 2018; 97:835-843. [PMID: 29489425 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518758044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of highly organized dental hard tissues is a complex process involving sequential and ordered deposition of an extracellular scaffold, followed by its mineralization. Odontoblast and ameloblast differentiation involves reciprocal and sequential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Similar to early tooth development, various Bmps are expressed during this process, although their functions have not been explored in detail. Here, we investigated the role of odontoblast-derived Bmp2 for tooth mineralization using Bmp2 conditional knockout mice. In developing molars, Bmp2LacZ reporter mice revealed restricted expression of Bmp2 in early polarized and functional odontoblasts while it was not expressed in mature odontoblasts. Loss of Bmp2 in neural crest cells, which includes all dental mesenchyme, caused a delay in dentin and enamel deposition. Immunohistochemistry for nestin and dentin sialoprotein (Dsp) revealed polarization defects in odontoblasts, indicative of a role for Bmp2 in odontoblast organization. Surprisingly, pSmad1/5/8, an indicator of Bmp signaling, was predominantly reduced in ameloblasts, with reduced expression of amelogenin ( Amlx), ameloblastin ( Ambn), and matrix metalloproteinase ( Mmp20). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that loss of Bmp2 resulted in increased expression of the Wnt antagonists dickkopf 1 ( Dkk1) in the epithelium and sclerostin ( Sost) in mesenchyme and epithelium. Odontoblasts showed reduced Wnt signaling, which is important for odontoblast differentiation, and a strong reduction in dentin sialophosphoprotein ( Dspp) but not collagen 1 a1 ( Col1a1) expression. Mature Bmp2-deficient teeth, which were obtained by transplanting tooth germs from Bmp2-deficient embryos under a kidney capsule, showed a dentinogenesis imperfecta type II-like appearance. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy revealed reduced dentin and enamel thickness, indistinguishable primary and secondary dentin, and deposition of ectopic osteodentin. This establishes that Bmp2 provides an early temporal, nonredundant signal for directed and organized tooth mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Malik
- 1 School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Alexiou
- 1 School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Hallgrimsson
- 2 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - H U Luder
- 4 Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Graf
- 1 School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,5 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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30
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Järvinen E, Shimomura-Kuroki J, Balic A, Jussila M, Thesleff I. Mesenchymal Wnt/β-catenin signaling limits tooth number. Development 2018; 145:dev.158048. [PMID: 29437780 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the predominant developmental anomalies in humans, usually affecting the permanent dentition generated by sequential tooth formation and, in most cases, caused by mutations perturbing epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt feedback inhibitor AXIN2 lead to human tooth agenesis. We have investigated the functions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during sequential formation of molar teeth using mouse models. Continuous initiation of new teeth, which is observed after genetic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the oral epithelium, was accompanied by enhanced expression of Wnt antagonists and a downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the dental mesenchyme. Genetic and pharmacological activation of mesenchymal Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulated sequential tooth formation, an effect partly mediated by Bmp4. Runx2, a gene whose loss-of-function mutations result in sequential formation of supernumerary teeth in the human cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome, suppressed the expression of Wnt inhibitors Axin2 and Drapc1 in dental mesenchyme. Our data indicate that increased mesenchymal Wnt signaling inhibits the sequential formation of teeth, and suggest that Axin2/Runx2 antagonistic interactions modulate the level of mesenchymal Wnt/β-catenin signaling, underlying the contrasting dental phenotypes caused by human AXIN2 and RUNX2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Järvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland.,Merck Oy, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Junko Shimomura-Kuroki
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Anamaria Balic
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland
| | - Maria Jussila
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 007100, Finland
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31
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Kahata K, Dadras MS, Moustakas A. TGF-β Family Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a022194. [PMID: 28246184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia exist in the animal body since the onset of embryonic development; they generate tissue barriers and specify organs and glands. Through epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), epithelia generate mesenchymal cells that form new tissues and promote healing or disease manifestation when epithelial homeostasis is challenged physiologically or pathologically. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), activins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial differentiation. These TGF-β family ligands are expressed and secreted at sites where the epithelium interacts with the mesenchyme and provide paracrine queues from the mesenchyme to the neighboring epithelium, helping the specification of differentiated epithelial cell types within an organ. TGF-β ligands signal via Smads and cooperating kinase pathways and control the expression or activities of key transcription factors that promote either epithelial differentiation or mesenchymal transitions. In this review, we discuss evidence that illustrates how TGF-β family ligands contribute to epithelial differentiation and induce mesenchymal transitions, by focusing on the embryonic ectoderm and tissues that form the external mammalian body lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kahata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahsa Shahidi Dadras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Sagai T, Amano T, Maeno A, Kiyonari H, Seo H, Cho SW, Shiroishi T. SHH signaling directed by two oral epithelium-specific enhancers controls tooth and oral development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13004. [PMID: 29021530 PMCID: PMC5636896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the epithelium and mesenchyme coordinates patterning and differentiation of oral cavity structures including teeth, palatal rugae and tongue papillae. SHH is one of the key signaling molecules for this interaction. Epithelial expression of Shh in the tooth buds and tongue papillae is regulated by at least two enhancers, MRCS1 and MFCS4. However, it is unclear how the two enhancers cooperate to regulate Shh. Here, we found that simultaneous deletion of MRCS1 and MFCS4 results in the formation of a supernumerary tooth in front of the first molar. Since deletion of either single enhancer barely affects tooth development, MRCS1 and MFCS4 evidently act in a redundant fashion. Binding motifs for WNT signaling mediators are shared by MRCS1 and MFCS4, and play a central role in regulating Shh expression, indicating that the two redundant enhancers additively exert their Shh regulation by responding to WNT signal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sagai
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Amano
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akiteru Maeno
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hyejin Seo
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toshihiko Shiroishi
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.
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33
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Jia S, Zhou J, Fanelli C, Wee Y, Bonds J, Schneider P, Mues G, D'Souza RN. Small-molecule Wnt agonists correct cleft palates in Pax9 mutant mice in utero. Development 2017; 144:3819-3828. [PMID: 28893947 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clefts of the palate and/or lip are among the most common human craniofacial malformations and involve multiple genetic and environmental factors. Defects can only be corrected surgically and require complex life-long treatments. Our studies utilized the well-characterized Pax9-/- mouse model with a consistent cleft palate phenotype to test small-molecule Wnt agonist therapies. We show that the absence of Pax9 alters the expression of Wnt pathway genes including Dkk1 and Dkk2, proven antagonists of Wnt signaling. The functional interactions between Pax9 and Dkk1 are shown by the genetic rescue of secondary palate clefts in Pax9-/-Dkk1f/+;Wnt1Cre embryos. The controlled intravenous delivery of small-molecule Wnt agonists (Dkk inhibitors) into pregnant Pax9+/- mice restored Wnt signaling and led to the growth and fusion of palatal shelves, as marked by an increase in cell proliferation and osteogenesis in utero, while other organ defects were not corrected. This work underscores the importance of Pax9-dependent Wnt signaling in palatogenesis and suggests that this functional upstream molecular relationship can be exploited for the development of therapies for human cleft palates that arise from single-gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Jia
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Yinshen Wee
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John Bonds
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Mues
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA .,Departments of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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34
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Jiang N, Xiang L, He L, Yang G, Zheng J, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhou Y, Sheu TJ, Wu J, Chen K, Coelho PG, Tovar NM, Kim SH, Chen M, Zhou YH, Mao JJ. Exosomes Mediate Epithelium-Mesenchyme Crosstalk in Organ Development. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7736-7746. [PMID: 28727410 PMCID: PMC5634743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organ development requires complex signaling by cells in different tissues. Epithelium and mesenchyme interactions are crucial for the development of skin, hair follicles, kidney, lungs, prostate, major glands, and teeth. Despite myriad literature on cell-cell interactions and ligand-receptor binding, the roles of extracellular vesicles in epithelium-mesenchyme interactions during organogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we discovered that ∼100 nm exosomes were secreted by the epithelium and mesenchyme of a developing tooth organ and diffused through the basement membrane. Exosomes were entocytosed by epithelium or mesenchyme cells with preference by reciprocal cells rather than self-uptake. Exosomes reciprocally evoked cell differentiation and matrix synthesis: epithelium exosomes induce mesenchyme cells to produce dentin sialoprotein and undergo mineralization, whereas mesenchyme exosomes induce epithelium cells to produce basement membrane components, ameloblastin and amelogenenin. Attenuated exosomal secretion by Rab27a/b knockdown or GW4869 disrupted the basement membrane and reduced enamel and dentin production in organ culture and reduced matrix synthesis and the size of the cervical loop, which harbors epithelium stem cells, in Rab27aash/ash mutant mice. We then profiled exosomal constituents including miRNAs and peptides and further crossed all epithelium exosomal miRNAs with literature-known miRNA Wnt regulators. Epithelium exosome-derived miR135a activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and escalated mesenchymal production of dentin matrix proteins, partially reversible by Antago-miR135a attenuation. Our results suggest that exosomes may mediate epithelium-mesenchyme crosstalk in organ development, suggesting that these vesicles and/or the molecular contents they are transporting may be interventional targets for treatment of diseases or regeneration of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Lusai Xiang
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ling He
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yimei Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Yue Zhou
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Kenian Chen
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Nicky M. Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Shin Hye Kim
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Mo Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jeremy J. Mao
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, 630 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
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35
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Raj MT, Boughner JC. Detangling the evolutionary developmental integration of dentate jaws: evidence that a p63 gene network regulates odontogenesis exclusive of mandible morphogenesis. Evol Dev 2017; 18:317-323. [PMID: 27870215 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate jaws and dentitions fit and function together, yet the genetic processes that coordinate cranial and dental morphogenesis and evolution remain poorly understood. Teeth but not jaws fail to form in the edentate p63-/- mouse mutant, which we used here to identify genes important to odontogenesis, but not jaw morphogenesis, and that may allow dentitions to change during development and evolution without necessarily affecting the jaw skeleton. With the working hypothesis that tooth and jaw development are autonomously controlled by discreet gene regulatory networks, using gene expression microarray assays validated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR we contrasted expression in mandibular prominences at embryonic days (E) 10-13 of mice with normal lower jaw development but either normal (p63+/- , p63+/+ ) or arrested (p63-/- ) tooth development. The p63-/- mice showed significantly different expression (fold change ≥2, ≤-2; P ≤ 0.05) of several genes. Some of these are known to help regulate odontogenesis (e.g., p63, Osr2, Cldn3/4) and/or to be targets of p63 (e.g., Jag1/2, Fgfr2); other genes have no previously reported roles in odontogenesis or the p63 pathway (e.g., Fermt1, Cbln1, Pltp, Krt8). As expected, from E10 to E13, few genes known to regulate mandible morphogenesis differed in expression between mouse strains. This study newly links several genes to odontogenesis and/or to the p63 signaling network. We propose that these genes act in a novel odontogenic network that is exclusive of lower jaw morphogenesis, and posit that this network evolved in oral, not pharyngeal, teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Raj
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 3B38-107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Julia C Boughner
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, 3B38-107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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36
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Kwon HJE, Jia S, Lan Y, Liu H, Jiang R. Activin and Bmp4 Signaling Converge on Wnt Activation during Odontogenesis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1145-1152. [PMID: 28605600 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517713710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that both activin and Bmp4 act as crucial mesenchymal odontogenic signals during early tooth development. Remarkably, mice lacking activin-βA ( Inhba-/-) and mice with neural crest-specific inactivation of Bmp4 ( Bmp4ncko/ncko) both exhibit bud-stage developmental arrest of the mandibular molar tooth germs while their maxillary molar tooth germs completed morphogenesis. In this study, we found that, whereas expression of Inhba and Bmp4 in the developing tooth mesenchyme is independent of each other, Bmp4ncko/nckoInhba-/- compound mutant mice exhibit early developmental arrest of all tooth germs. Moreover, genetic inactivation of Osr2, a negative regulator of the odontogenic function of the Bmp4-Msx1 signaling pathway, rescues mandibular molar morphogenesis in Inhba-/- embryos. We recently reported that Osr2 and the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway control the bud-to-cap transition of tooth morphogenesis through antagonistic regulation of expression of secreted Wnt antagonists, including Dkk2 and Sfrp2, in the developing tooth mesenchyme. We show here that expression of Dkk2 messenger RNAs was significantly upregulated and expanded into the tooth bud mesenchyme in Inhba-/- embryos in comparison with wild-type littermates. Furthermore, in utero treatment with either lithium chloride, an agonist of canonical Wnt signaling, or the DKK inhibitor IIIC3a rescued mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis in Inhba-/- embryos. Together with our finding that the developing mandibular molar tooth bud mesenchyme expresses significantly higher levels of Dkk2 than the developing maxillary molar tooth mesenchyme, these data indicate that Bmp4 and activin signaling pathways converge on activation of the Wnt signaling pathway to promote tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition and that the differential effects of loss of activin or Bmp4 signaling on maxillary and mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis are mainly due to the differential expression of Wnt antagonists, particularly Dkk2, in the maxillary and mandibular tooth mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J E Kwon
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Jia
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Utah School of Dentistry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Y Lan
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Liu
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Jiang
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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37
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Baran NM, McGrath PT, Streelman JT. Applying gene regulatory network logic to the evolution of social behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5886-5893. [PMID: 28584121 PMCID: PMC5468628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610621114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal behavior is ultimately the product of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for brain development and neural networks for brain function. The GRN approach has advanced the fields of genomics and development, and we identify organizational similarities between networks of genes that build the brain and networks of neurons that encode brain function. In this perspective, we engage the analogy between developmental networks and neural networks, exploring the advantages of using GRN logic to study behavior. Applying the GRN approach to the brain and behavior provides a quantitative and manipulative framework for discovery. We illustrate features of this framework using the example of social behavior and the neural circuitry of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Baran
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Patrick T McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - J Todd Streelman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
- The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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38
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Hooper JE, Feng W, Li H, Leach SM, Phang T, Siska C, Jones KL, Spritz RA, Hunter LE, Williams T. Systems biology of facial development: contributions of ectoderm and mesenchyme. Dev Biol 2017; 426:97-114. [PMID: 28363736 PMCID: PMC5530582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in gene-centric biological knowledge coupled with analytic approaches for genomewide data integration provides an opportunity to develop systems-level understanding of facial development. Experimental analyses have demonstrated the importance of signaling between the surface ectoderm and the underlying mesenchyme are coordinating facial patterning. However, current transcriptome data from the developing vertebrate face is dominated by the mesenchymal component, and the contributions of the ectoderm are not easily identified. We have generated transcriptome datasets from critical periods of mouse face formation that enable gene expression to be analyzed with respect to time, prominence, and tissue layer. Notably, by separating the ectoderm and mesenchyme we considerably improved the sensitivity compared to data obtained from whole prominences, with more genes detected over a wider dynamic range. From these data we generated a detailed description of ectoderm-specific developmental programs, including pan-ectodermal programs, prominence- specific programs and their temporal dynamics. The genes and pathways represented in these programs provide mechanistic insights into several aspects of ectodermal development. We also used these data to identify co-expression modules specific to facial development. We then used 14 co-expression modules enriched for genes involved in orofacial clefts to make specific mechanistic predictions about genes involved in tongue specification, in nasal process patterning and in jaw development. Our multidimensional gene expression dataset is a unique resource for systems analysis of the developing face; our co-expression modules are a resource for predicting functions of poorly annotated genes, or for predicting roles for genes that have yet to be studied in the context of facial development; and our analytic approaches provide a paradigm for analysis of other complex developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Hooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Weiguo Feng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Tzulip Phang
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Charlotte Siska
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Lawrence E Hunter
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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39
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Rebustini IT. A Functional MicroRNA Screening Method for Organ Morphogenesis. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 74:19.19.1-19.19.17. [PMID: 28256721 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing repertoire of microRNAs expressed during organ development and their role in regulating organ morphogenesis provide a compelling need to develop methods to assess microRNA function using various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Methods to assess microRNA function during organ morphogenesis include transfection of microRNA inhibitors (antagomirs) and activators (mimics) into mouse embryonic explanted organs using liposomes, which can potentially result in low efficiency of transfection and off-target effects. We devised a method to assess microRNA function in explanted organs by transfecting antagomirs and mimics using peptide-based nanoparticles, increasing functional microRNA targeting efficiency, and decreasing off-target effects. Our method can be applied to a variety of embryonic organs that can be explanted and provides an alternative to efficiently and functionally prioritize microRNAs during organ morphogenesis for further in vivo genetic approaches. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan T Rebustini
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Pantalacci S, Guéguen L, Petit C, Lambert A, Peterkovà R, Sémon M. Transcriptomic signatures shaped by cell proportions shed light on comparative developmental biology. Genome Biol 2017; 18:29. [PMID: 28202034 PMCID: PMC5312534 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comparative transcriptomics can answer many questions in developmental and evolutionary developmental biology. Most transcriptomic studies start by showing global patterns of variation in transcriptomes that differ between species or organs through developmental time. However, little is known about the kinds of expression differences that shape these patterns. Results We compared transcriptomes during the development of two morphologically distinct serial organs, the upper and lower first molars of the mouse. We found that these two types of teeth largely share the same gene expression dynamics but that three major transcriptomic signatures distinguish them, all of which are shaped by differences in the relative abundance of different cell types. First, lower/upper molar differences are maintained throughout morphogenesis and stem from differences in the relative abundance of mesenchyme and from constant differences in gene expression within tissues. Second, there are clear time-shift differences in the transcriptomes of the two molars related to cusp tissue abundance. Third, the transcriptomes differ most during early-mid crown morphogenesis, corresponding to exaggerated morphogenetic processes in the upper molar involving fewer mitotic cells but more migrating cells. From these findings, we formulate hypotheses about the mechanisms enabling the two molars to reach different phenotypes. We also successfully applied our approach to forelimb and hindlimb development. Conclusions Gene expression in a complex tissue reflects not only transcriptional regulation but also abundance of different cell types. This knowledge provides valuable insights into the cellular processes underpinning differences in organ development. Our approach should be applicable to most comparative developmental contexts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1157-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pantalacci
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Laurent Guéguen
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive (LBBE), Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Coraline Petit
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Lambert
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Renata Peterkovà
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Sémon
- UnivLyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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41
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Jia S, Kwon HJE, Lan Y, Zhou J, Liu H, Jiang R. Bmp4-Msx1 signaling and Osr2 control tooth organogenesis through antagonistic regulation of secreted Wnt antagonists. Dev Biol 2016; 420:110-119. [PMID: 27713059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in MSX1 cause craniofacial developmental defects, including tooth agenesis, in humans and mice. Previous studies suggest that Msx1 activates Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme to drive early tooth organogenesis. Whereas Msx1-/- mice exhibit developmental arrest of all tooth germs at the bud stage, mice with neural crest-specific inactivation of Bmp4 (Bmp4ncko/ncko), which lack Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme, showed developmental arrest of only mandibular molars. We recently demonstrated that deletion of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient in the developing tooth bud mesenchyme, rescued molar tooth morphogenesis in both Msx1-/- and Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. In this study, through RNA-seq analyses of the developing tooth mesenchyme in mutant and wildtype embryos, we found that Msx1 and Osr2 have opposite effects on expression of several secreted Wnt antagonists in the tooth bud mesenchyme. Remarkably, both Dkk2 and Sfrp2 exhibit Osr2-dependent preferential expression on the lingual side of the tooth bud mesenchyme and expression of both genes was up-regulated and expanded into the tooth bud mesenchyme in Msx1-/- and Bmp4ncko/ncko mutant embryos. We show that pharmacological activation of canonical Wnt signaling by either lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment or by inhibition of DKKs in utero was sufficient to rescue mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis in Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. Furthermore, whereas inhibition of DKKs or inactivation of Sfrp2 alone was insufficient to rescue tooth morphogenesis in Msx1-/- mice, pharmacological inhibition of DKKs in combination with genetic inactivation of Sfrp2 and Sfrp3 rescued maxillary molar morphogenesis in Msx1-/- mice. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway and Osr2 control tooth organogenesis through antagonistic regulation of expression of secreted Wnt antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Jia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Edward Kwon
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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42
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Ellis NA, Donde NN, Miller CT. Early development and replacement of the stickleback dentition. J Morphol 2016; 277:1072-83. [PMID: 27145214 PMCID: PMC5298556 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Teeth have long served as a model system to study basic questions about vertebrate organogenesis, morphogenesis, and evolution. In nonmammalian vertebrates, teeth typically regenerate throughout adult life. Fish have evolved a tremendous diversity in dental patterning in both their oral and pharyngeal dentitions, offering numerous opportunities to study how morphology develops, regenerates, and evolves in different lineages. Threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have emerged as a new system to study how morphology evolves, and provide a particularly powerful system to study the development and evolution of dental morphology. Here, we describe the oral and pharyngeal dentitions of stickleback fish, providing additional morphological, histological, and molecular evidence for homology of oral and pharyngeal teeth. Focusing on the ventral pharyngeal dentition in a dense developmental time course of lab-reared fish, we describe the temporal and spatial consensus sequence of early tooth formation. Early in development, this sequence is highly stereotypical and consists of seventeen primary teeth forming the early tooth field, followed by the first tooth replacement event. Comparing this detailed morphological and ontogenetic sequence to that described in other fish reveals that major changes to how dental morphology arises and regenerates have evolved across different fish lineages. J. Morphol. 277:1072-1083, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nikunj N. Donde
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
| | - Craig T. Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
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Cao H, Amendt BA. pySAPC, a python package for sparse affinity propagation clustering: Application to odontogenesis whole genome time series gene-expression data. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2613-8. [PMID: 27288587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dental anomalies are common forms of congenital defects. The molecular mechanisms of dental anomalies are poorly understood. Systematic approaches such as clustering genes based on similar expression patterns could identify novel genes involved in dental anomalies and provide a framework for understanding molecular regulatory mechanisms of these genes during tooth development (odontogenesis). METHODS A python package (pySAPC) of sparse affinity propagation clustering algorithm for large datasets was developed. Whole genome pair-wise similarity was calculated based on expression pattern similarity based on 45 microarrays of several stages during odontogenesis. RESULTS pySAPC identified 743 gene clusters based on expression pattern similarity during mouse tooth development. Three clusters are significantly enriched for genes associated with dental anomalies (with FDR <0.1). The three clusters of genes have distinct expression patterns during odontogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Clustering genes based on similar expression profiles recovered several known regulatory relationships for genes involved in odontogenesis, as well as many novel genes that may be involved with the same genetic pathways as genes that have already been shown to contribute to dental defects. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE By using sparse similarity matrix, pySAPC use much less memory and CPU time compared with the original affinity propagation program that uses a full similarity matrix. This python package will be useful for many applications where dataset(s) are too large to use full similarity matrix. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52244, USA
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52244, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52244, USA.
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44
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An integrated miRNA functional screening and target validation method for organ morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23215. [PMID: 26980315 PMCID: PMC4793243 DOI: 10.1038/srep23215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative ease of identifying microRNAs and their increasing recognition as important regulators of organogenesis motivate the development of methods to efficiently assess microRNA function during organ morphogenesis. In this context, embryonic organ explants provide a reliable and reproducible system that recapitulates some of the important early morphogenetic processes during organ development. Here we present a method to target microRNA function in explanted mouse embryonic organs. Our method combines the use of peptide-based nanoparticles to transfect specific microRNA inhibitors or activators into embryonic organ explants, with a microRNA pulldown assay that allows direct identification of microRNA targets. This method provides effective assessment of microRNA function during organ morphogenesis, allows prioritization of multiple microRNAs in parallel for subsequent genetic approaches, and can be applied to a variety of embryonic organs.
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Anand D, Lachke SA. Systems biology of lens development: A paradigm for disease gene discovery in the eye. Exp Eye Res 2016; 156:22-33. [PMID: 26992779 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the biology of the developing lens has been investigated using molecular genetics-based approaches in various vertebrate model systems. These efforts, involving target gene knockouts or knockdowns, have led to major advances in our understanding of lens morphogenesis and the pathological basis of cataracts, as well as of other lens related eye defects. In particular, we now have a functional understanding of regulators such as Pax6, Six3, Sox2, Oct1 (Pou2f1), Meis1, Pnox1, Zeb2 (Sip1), Mab21l1, Foxe3, Tfap2a (Ap2-alpha), Pitx3, Sox11, Prox1, Sox1, c-Maf, Mafg, Mafk, Hsf4, Fgfrs, Bmp7, and Tdrd7 in this tissue. However, whether these individual regulators interact or their targets overlap, and the significance of such interactions during lens morphogenesis, is not well defined. The arrival of high-throughput approaches for gene expression profiling (microarrays, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), etc.), which can be coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, along with improved computational resources and publically available datasets (e.g. those containing comprehensive protein-protein, protein-DNA information), presents new opportunities to advance our understanding of the lens tissue on a global systems level. Such systems-level knowledge will lead to the derivation of the underlying lens gene regulatory network (GRN), defined as a circuit map of the regulator-target interactions functional in lens development, which can be applied to expedite cataract gene discovery. In this review, we cover the various systems-level approaches such as microarrays, RNA-seq, and ChIP that are already being applied to lens studies and discuss strategies for assembling and interpreting these vast amounts of high-throughput information for effective dispersion to the scientific community. In particular, we discuss strategies for effective interpretation of this new information in the context of the rich knowledge obtained through the application of traditional single-gene focused experiments on the lens. Finally, we discuss our vision for integrating these diverse high-throughput datasets in a single web-based user-friendly tool iSyTE (integrated Systems Tool for Eye gene discovery) - a resource that is already proving effective in the identification and characterization of genes linked to lens development and cataract. We anticipate that application of a similar approach to other ocular tissues such as the retina and the cornea, and even other organ systems, will significantly impact disease gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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46
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Long noncoding RNAs related to the odontogenic potential of dental mesenchymal cells in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 67:1-8. [PMID: 26986487 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to identify the lncRNAs that are associated with the odontogenic potential in mouse dental mesenchymal cells. DESIGN The odontogenic potential of dental mesenchymal cells was found to be lost in the course of in vitro culture, so the lncRNA profiles were subsequently compared between freshly-isolated and cultured dental mesenchymal cells using RNA-sequencing. A co-expression analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and coding RNAs was performed to understand their potential functions. The expression of several selected lncRNAs was also examined in developing tooth germs. RESULTS Compared with cultured dental mesenchymal cells, 108 lncRNAs were upregulated and 36 lncRNAs were downregulated in freshly-isolated dental mesenchymal cells. Coding genes correlated with the lncRNAs were mainly associated with DNA and protein metabolic processes and cytoskeletal anchorage. Meg3, Malat1, Xist, and Dlx1as were significantly downregulated in cultured dental mesenchymal cells but were upregulated in odontogenic dental mesenchymal tissues. Moreover, the levels of Dlx1as were negatively correlated with that of Dlx1 in dental mesenchymal cells and dental mesenchymal tissues. CONCLUSIONS The lncRNA profiles of dental mesenchymal cells are significantly changed during culturing, and the dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with the loss of odontogenic potential.
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Jain R, Li D, Gupta M, Manderfield LJ, Ifkovits JL, Wang Q, Liu F, Liu Y, Poleshko A, Padmanabhan A, Raum JC, Li L, Morrisey EE, Lu MM, Won KJ, Epstein JA. HEART DEVELOPMENT. Integration of Bmp and Wnt signaling by Hopx specifies commitment of cardiomyoblasts. Science 2015; 348:aaa6071. [PMID: 26113728 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells are multipotent and give rise to cardiac endothelium, smooth muscle, and cardiomyocytes. Here, we define and characterize the cardiomyoblast intermediate that is committed to the cardiomyocyte fate, and we characterize the niche signals that regulate commitment. Cardiomyoblasts express Hopx, which functions to coordinate local Bmp signals to inhibit the Wnt pathway, thus promoting cardiomyogenesis. Hopx integrates Bmp and Wnt signaling by physically interacting with activated Smads and repressing Wnt genes. The identification of the committed cardiomyoblast that retains proliferative potential will inform cardiac regenerative therapeutics. In addition, Bmp signals characterize adult stem cell niches in other tissues where Hopx-mediated inhibition of Wnt is likely to contribute to stem cell quiescence and to explain the role of Hopx as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mudit Gupta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren J Manderfield
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie L Ifkovits
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qiaohong Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Raum
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Min Min Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Ellis NA, Glazer AM, Donde NN, Cleves PA, Agoglia RM, Miller CT. Distinct developmental genetic mechanisms underlie convergently evolved tooth gain in sticklebacks. Development 2015; 142:2442-51. [PMID: 26062935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Teeth are a classic model system of organogenesis, as repeated and reciprocal epithelial and mesenchymal interactions pattern placode formation and outgrowth. Less is known about the developmental and genetic bases of tooth formation and replacement in polyphyodonts, which are vertebrates with continual tooth replacement. Here, we leverage natural variation in the threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus to investigate the genetic basis of tooth development and replacement. We find that two derived freshwater stickleback populations have both convergently evolved more ventral pharyngeal teeth through heritable genetic changes. In both populations, evolved tooth gain manifests late in development. Using pulse-chase vital dye labeling to mark newly forming teeth in adult fish, we find that both high-toothed freshwater populations have accelerated tooth replacement rates relative to low-toothed ancestral marine fish. Despite the similar evolved phenotype of more teeth and an accelerated adult replacement rate, the timing of tooth number divergence and the spatial patterns of newly formed adult teeth are different in the two populations, suggesting distinct developmental mechanisms. Using genome-wide linkage mapping in marine-freshwater F2 genetic crosses, we find that the genetic basis of evolved tooth gain in the two freshwater populations is largely distinct. Together, our results support a model whereby increased tooth number and an accelerated tooth replacement rate have evolved convergently in two independently derived freshwater stickleback populations using largely distinct developmental and genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew M Glazer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nikunj N Donde
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Phillip A Cleves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rachel M Agoglia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Craig T Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Zhou C, Yang G, Chen M, Wang C, He L, Xiang L, Chen D, Ling J, Mao JJ. Lhx8 mediated Wnt and TGFβ pathways in tooth development and regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 63:35-46. [PMID: 26081866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8) is a highly conserved transcriptional factor with recently illustrated roles in cholinergic and GABAergic differentiation, and is expressed in neural crest derived craniofacial tissues during development. However, Lhx8 functions and signaling pathways are largely elusive. Here we showed that Lhx8 regulates dental mesenchyme differentiation and function via Wnt and TGFβ pathways. Lhx8 expression was restricted to dental mesenchyme from E11.5 to a peak at E14.5, and absent in dental epithelium. By reconstituting dental epithelium and mesenchyme in an E16.5 tooth organ, Lhx8 knockdown accelerated dental mesenchyme differentiation; conversely, Lhx8 overexpression attenuated dentin formation. Lhx8 overexpressed adult human dental pulp stem/progenitor cells in β-tricalcium phosphate cubes attenuated mineralized matrix production in vivo. Gene profiling revealed that postnatal dental pulp stem/progenitor cells upon Lhx8 overexpression modified matrix related gene expression including Dspp, Cola1 and osteocalcin. Lhx8 transcriptionally activated Wnt and TGFβ pathways, and its attenuation upregulated multiple dentinogenesis genes. Together, Lhx8 regulates dentin development and regeneration by fine-turning Wnt and TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guodong Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ling He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lusai Xiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Danying Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St. - PH7E - CDM, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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50
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BMP7 and EREG Contribute to the Inductive Potential of Dental Mesenchyme. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9903. [PMID: 25952286 PMCID: PMC4424660 DOI: 10.1038/srep09903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis is accomplished by reciprocal signaling between the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. It is generally accepted that the inductive mesenchyme is capable of inducing the odontogenic commitment of both dental and non-dental epithelial cells. However, the duration of this signal in the developing dental mesenchyme and whether adult dental pulp tissue maintains its inductive capability remain unclear. This study investigated the contribution of growth factors to regulating the inductive potential of the dental mesenchyme. Human oral epithelial cells (OEs) were co-cultured with either human dental mesenchymal/papilla cells (FDPCs) or human dental pulp cells (ADPCs) under 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional conditions. Odontogenic-associated genes and proteins were detected by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively, and significant differences were observed between the two co-culture systems. The BMP7 and EREG expression levels in FDPCs were significantly higher than in ADPCs, as indicated by human growth factor PCR arrays and immunofluorescence analyses. OEs co-cultured with ADPCs supplemented with BMP7 and EREG expressed ameloblastic differentiation genes. Our study suggests that BMP7 and EREG expression in late bell-stage human dental papilla contributes to the inductive potential of dental mesenchyme. Furthermore, adult dental pulp cells supplemented with these two growth factors re-established the inductive potential of postnatal dental pulp tissue.
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