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Shi X, Hu X, Jiang N, Mao J. Regenerative endodontic therapy: From laboratory bench to clinical practice. J Adv Res 2025; 72:229-263. [PMID: 38969092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining the vitality and functionality of dental pulp is paramount for tooth integrity, longevity, and homeostasis. Aiming to treat irreversible pulpitis and necrosis, there has been a paradigm shift from conventional root canal treatment towards regenerative endodontic therapy. AIM OF REVIEW This extensive and multipart review presents crucial laboratory and practical issues related to pulp-dentin complex regeneration aimed towards advancing clinical translation of regenerative endodontic therapy and enhancing human life quality. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this multipart review paper, we first present a panorama of emerging potential tissue engineering strategies for pulp-dentin complex regeneration from cell transplantation and cell homing perspectives, emphasizing the critical regenerative components of stem cells, biomaterials, and conducive microenvironments. Then, this review provides details about current clinically practiced pulp regenerative/reparative approaches, including direct pulp capping and root revascularization, with a specific focus on the remaining hurdles and bright prospects in developing such therapies. Next, special attention was devoted to discussing the innovative biomimetic perspectives opened in establishing functional tissues by employing exosomes and cell aggregates, which will benefit the clinical translation of dental pulp engineering protocols. Finally, we summarize careful consideration that should be given to basic research and clinical applications of regenerative endodontics. In particular, this review article highlights significant challenges associated with residual infection and inflammation and identifies future insightful directions in creating antibacterial and immunomodulatory microenvironments so that clinicians and researchers can comprehensively understand crucial clinical aspects of regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Outpatient Department Office, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China.
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2
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Zhang XH, He YD, Wang H, Cao Y, Ying SQ, Liu JN, Lei X, Liu L, Cai XY, Mu SH, Zhang KC, Yuan Y, Liu YH, Xu HK, Chen J, Liang JF, Jin Y, Jin F, Sui BD, Zheng CX. Development-Inspired Biomimetic Cell-Niche Coaggregates Safeguard Tooth Stem Cell-Based Functional Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2025:e2501550. [PMID: 40376872 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202501550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Harnessing natural developmental programs to repair and replace damaged organs represents promising approaches in regenerative medicine. However, effective strategies are still lacking for tissue regeneration in complicated conditions, such as the periodontal bone defect. Here, human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) and their aggregates (hDFSCA) are cultured and characterized, which are formed based on the inherent property of these stem cells self-assembly into compact spheroid-like structures, mimicking mesenchymal condensation in development. A periodontal tissue-specific microenvironment simulation material is then established, human decellularized alveolar bone matrix particles (hDABMPs), which possess favorable physicochemical and biological properties for regenerative use. hDFSCs co-cultured with hDABMPs exhibit improved cell function, and hDFSCA-hDABMP co-aggregates are subsequently constructed, which activate the developmental gene expression in hDFSCA and initiate hypoxic adaptation mechanisms for tissue regeneration. Indeed, hDFSCA-hDABMP co-aggregates significantly promote regeneration after implantation in alveolar bone defects with good biosafety. Interestingly, during the early stages of implantation, hDABMPs enhance hDFSC survival and expansion, thereby providing a sufficient source of cells for tissue regeneration. Collectively, this study reveals a development-inspired, engineered cell-niche co-aggregation strategy for enhancing CA therapeutic potential by simulating tissue-specific microenvironments, offering novel insights for functional tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi-De He
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Si-Qi Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jia-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shi-Han Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Kai-Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Han Liu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hao-Kun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jian-Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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Yuan X, Wang S, Yuan Z, Wan Z, Zhang L, Song R, Ge L, Zhao Y. Boosting the angiogenesis potential of self-assembled mesenchymal stem cell spheroids by size mediated physiological hypoxia for vascularized pulp regeneration. Acta Biomater 2025; 198:102-114. [PMID: 40216320 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2025.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a pivotal factor in enhancing the vascularization potential of both two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells and three-dimensional (3D) cellular spheroids. Nevertheless, spheroids that closely mimic the in vivo microenvironment often experience excessive hypoxia, leading to the necrotic core and the release of toxic byproducts, ultimately impeding the regenerative process. To balance cell vitality and pro-angiogenic properties of cellular spheroids, this study investigates size-dependent hypoxia in stem cell spheroids utilizing an oxygen transfer finite element model. Subsequently, we develop 3D cultured stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) spheroids with regulated size-dependent hypoxia. Comprehensive assessments indicate that SHED spheroids, inoculated at a density of 50,000 cells, display moderate physiological hypoxia, which optimizes their pro-angiogenic potential, fusion capacity, and reattachment ability. Compared with SHED sheets, SHED spheroids enhance vascularized pulp regeneration more effectively with a tightly connected odontoblastic-like layer. Moreover, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis further confirm the spheroids' ability to promote angiogenesis and odontogenic differentiation. This study not only introduces a practical and effective approach for regulating size-dependent hypoxia in cellular spheroids, and simultaneously enhancing cell vitality and angiogenic potential, but also paves the way for the clinical application of SHED spheroids in regenerative dental pulp therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The core of three-dimensionally cultured cellular spheroids often experiences hypoxia, and maintaining a balance between the activity and functionality of long-term cultured spheroids in the inevitably hypoxic microenvironment remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a method to optimize the hypoxic conditions of SHED spheroids by employing a reaction-diffusion model, which modulates internal hypoxia to balance cellular viability and angiogenic potential. Compared to two-dimensional cell sheets, the optimized SHED spheroids with high cell vitality, angiogenesis potential, tissue integration and reattatchment ability show superior efficacy in promoting the formation of vascularized pulp-like tissue. This work offers valuable insights into the role of hypoxia in stem cell spheroids functionality and provides a foundation for further research into the optimization of stem cell-based therapies for multiple clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zuoying Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Linxue Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Lihong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Zhang H, Liu D, Wu T, Chen C, Jiang J, Yang R. Exploring mesenchymal stem cell niches for regeneration. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2025; 70:1389-1393. [PMID: 40102087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials National Engineering, Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials National Engineering, Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials National Engineering, Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiuhui Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials National Engineering, Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ruili Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials National Engineering, Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Pilbauerova N, Dasi D, de Souza Araujo IJ, Huang GTJ. An In Vitro Tube Model for Cell Biocompatibility Study of Capping Materials for Regenerative Endodontics. J Endod 2025:S0099-2399(25)00246-8. [PMID: 40348362 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2025.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-based pulp regeneration utilizes capping materials underneath a final restoration to seal the tooth after delivering cells into the canal system. Studying the immediate biocompatibility of materials with injected cells has been challenging. This study aimed to utilize a tube model to observe cell response directly and conveniently to the capping materials in a cell culture in vitro system. METHODS A tapered plastic tube (14 mm in length, 2 mm diameter of the apex opening) to simulate root canal space was filled with fluorescence-labeled dental pulp cells mixed in fibrin gel and the larger end sealed with various capping materials including Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP), composite, and glass ionomer. The tube was placed in wells of culture plates and incubated for various times in vitro and observed under the microscope for cell morphological changes. pH changes within the tube were monitored over time. RESULTS Both fresh MTA and Biodentine caused adverse response to the cells in the tube. Only a few normally growing cells were observed at the apical end. Composite or glass ionomer appeared better tolerated by cells. HA-TCP mixed in fibrin gel demonstrated the highest compatibility with cells; however, using HA-TCP to separate cells from fresh MTA or Biodentine did not reduce the negative effect of these 2 calcium silicate cements. The pH increased within the tube may explain the observed toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Using HA-TCP mixed in fibrin gel as a capping material appears highly biocompatible to cells while fresh MTA and Biodentine are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pilbauerova
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Divyamaanasa Dasi
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Isaac J de Souza Araujo
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - George T-J Huang
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Hetta HF, Elsaghir A, Sijercic VC, Ahmed AK, Gad SA, Zeleke MS, Alanazi FE, Ramadan YN. Clinical Progress in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Focus on Rheumatic Diseases. Immun Inflamm Dis 2025; 13:e70189. [PMID: 40353645 PMCID: PMC12067559 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatic diseases are chronic immune-mediated disorders affecting multiple organ systems and significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Current treatments primarily provide symptomatic relief without offering a cure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. This review aims to summarize the clinical progress of MSC therapy in rheumatic diseases, highlight key findings from preclinical and clinical studies, and discuss challenges and future directions. METHODOLOGY A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies on MSC therapy in rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Sjögren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, fibromyalgia, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and polymyositis, was conducted. Emerging strategies to enhance MSC efficacy and overcome current limitations were also analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that MSC therapy can reduce inflammation, modulate immune responses, and promote tissue repair in various rheumatic diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated potential benefits, including symptom relief and disease progression delay. However, challenges such as variability in treatment response, optimal cell source and dosing, long-term safety concerns, and regulatory hurdles remain significant barriers to clinical translation. Standardized protocols and further research are required to optimize MSC application. CONCLUSION MSC therapy holds promise for managing rheumatic diseases, offering potential disease-modifying effects beyond conventional treatments. However, large-scale, well-controlled clinical trials are essential to establish efficacy, safety, and long-term therapeutic potential. Addressing current limitations through optimized treatment protocols and regulatory frameworks will be key to its successful integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Elsaghir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of PharmacyAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | - Abdulrahman K. Ahmed
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Anaethesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Sayed A. Gad
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Anaethesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Mahlet S. Zeleke
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science CollegeAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Fawaz E. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of PharmacyAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
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Sui Y, Dong X, Tong E, Zhao C, Nie R, Meng X. Artemisinin regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response of human dental pulp stem cells through the p53 signaling pathway under LPS-induced inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 152:114396. [PMID: 40056514 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/10/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of artemisinin (ART) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. METHODS HDPSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified by flow cytometry and three-directional differentiation induction. A suitable concentration of LPS was selected to mimic the inflammatory condition in vitro. After culturing with ART and LPS for 48 h, cell proliferation was observed by CCK-8 assay; cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry, western blot, and Caspase-3 activity; and the inflammatory response was observed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Transcriptome sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, western blot, and RITA were used to explore the underlying mechanism. RESULTS HDPSCs were successfully isolated and exhibited the potential for multilineage differentiation. 0.1 μg/mL of LPS was utilized to mimic the inflammatory condition. ART promoted HDPSCs proliferation but repressed apoptosis and the inflammatory response under LPS-induced inflammation. Further, ART exerted its effect through the p53 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION ART inhibited the p53 signaling pathway to promote HDPSCs proliferation, but hinder apoptosis and the inflammatory response under LPS-induced inflammation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that ART facilitates the alleviation of inflammation and preserves the viability of HDPSCs. Therefore, ART may serve as a promising therapeutic drug for the repair and regeneration of dental pulp in the treatment of deep caries and reversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Enkang Tong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Cuicui Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Rongrong Nie
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- Department of Prosthodontic Technology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China.
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Kim H, Williams SJ, Colombo JS. Characterization of Fibronectin-Adherent, Non-Fibronectin-Adherent, and Explant-Derived Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Populations. Dent J (Basel) 2025; 13:159. [PMID: 40277489 PMCID: PMC12026221 DOI: 10.3390/dj13040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are of significant interest due to their mesenchymal lineage and relative availability from extracted teeth. This study aims to examine the relationship between fibronectin-adherent, non-fibronectin-adherent, and explant-derived DPSC populations in terms of the population doubling rate in culture and the expression of mesenchymal cell surface markers and their capacity for osteodifferentiation. Methods: Human pulp tissue was removed from healthy extracted human teeth, enzymatically digested prior to seeding onto fibronectin-coated plates, and left to adhere for 20 min, yielding a fibronectin-adherent population. The remaining non-adherent cells were transferred and designated 'non-fibronectin-adherent.' Intact pulp was placed on uncoated plastic for 5 days, with the migrated cells designated 'explant-derived'. DPSCs from these populations were examined in terms of population doubling rates, the expression of CD90, CD44, CD105, and CD73, and the expression of RUNX2, SPP1, and BGLAP after 7 days in osteoinductive media. Results: The fibronectin-adherent cells had the greatest population doubling over time. All populations demonstrated comparable percentages of cells positive for mesenchymal markers, though individual marker expression varied slightly. The explant-derived cells showed increased expression of RUNX2 after 7 days in osteoinductive media, while the treated single-cell-suspension-derived populations showed increased expression of SPP1 mRNA. Conclusions: Fibronectin enrichment resulted in a population with the greatest rate of population doubling over extended culture compared to the other two populations. The proportion of cells positive for all four mesenchymal surface markers was the same between populations. The fibronectin-adherent and non-adherent cultures may have responded more rapidly to osteoinductive media than the explant-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John S. Colombo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (H.K.); (S.J.W.)
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Wang J, Yang F, Chen R, Yang X, Wang J, Zhang H. Hydrogel Composite Incorporating Deferoxamine-Loaded Gelatin-Based Microspheres Enhance Angiogenesis Ability of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:12579-12589. [PMID: 40191326 PMCID: PMC11966253 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.5c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025]
Abstract
Fast reconstruction of the pulpal vasculature is crucial for effective pulp regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for pulp regeneration because of their potential for multilineage differentiation and vasculogenic properties. Deferoxamine (DFO) has been shown to stimulate angiogenesis during wound healing and bone regeneration; however, the effects of DFO on the angiogenic potential of DPSCs remain unknown. Moreover, its usefulness is restricted by a limited half-life and challenges in achieving localized tissue enrichment. This study aimed to develop a sustained-release injectable hydrogel composite as a drug delivery system and to investigate its influence on DPSCs. Herein, gelatin-based microspheres (GMSs) were loaded with DFO, and temperature-sensitive injectable hydrogels incorporating collagen and chitosan were synthesized to enable controlled DFO release. The experimental findings demonstrated that the DFO-loaded GMSs (DFO-GMSs) hydrogel composite possessed favorable physical properties and biocompatibility, enabling sustained DFO delivery for up to 15 days. DFO effectively stimulated DPSC migration, promoted the secretion of angiogenesis-related factors, and induced tube formation in vitro. These results suggest that the DFO-GMSs hydrogel composite significantly increased the migration and angiogenic potential of DPSCs, highlighting its promise for tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College
and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical
University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei230032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College
and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical
University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei230032, China
| | - Ruting Chen
- College
and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical
University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei230032, China
- Department
of Stomatology, Yangjiang People’s
Hospital, Affiliated Yangjiang Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Yangjiang529500, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- College
and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical
University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei230032, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College
and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical
University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei230032, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College
and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical
University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei230032, China
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10
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Wu H, Li Y, Shi L, Liu Y, Shen J. New Advances in Periodontal Functional Materials Based on Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Tissue Regeneration Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2403206. [PMID: 39895157 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202403206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
With the global population aging, awareness of oral health is rising. Periodontitis, a widespread bacterial infectious disease, is gaining attention. Current novel biomaterials address key clinical issues like bacterial infection, gum inflammation, tooth loosening, and loss, focusing on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regeneration properties. However, strategies that integrate the advantages of these biomaterials to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects by clearing oral biofilms, inhibiting inflammation activation, and restoring periodontal soft and hard tissue functions remain very limited. Recent studies highlight the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases, underscoring the complexity of the periodontal disease. There is an urgent need to find comprehensive treatment plans that address clinical requirements. Whether by integrating new biomaterials to enhance existing periodontal treatments or by developing novel approaches to replace traditional therapies, these efforts will drive advancements in periodontitis treatment. Therefore, this review compares novel biomaterials with traditional treatments. It highlights the design concepts and mechanisms of these functional materials, focusing on their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regeneration properties, and discusses the importance of developing comprehensive treatment strategies. This review aims to provide guidance for emerging periodontitis research and to promote the development of precise and efficient treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Wu
- Department of International VIP Dental Clinic, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of International VIP Dental Clinic, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
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11
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Li Z, Wan M, Cui D, Tian Q, Li Y, Yu S, Zheng L, Ye L. DNMTi@ZIF-8 Enhances Biomimetic Pulp Regeneration via Epigenetic Regulation. J Dent Res 2025:220345251315468. [PMID: 40143798 DOI: 10.1177/00220345251315468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Regenerating the functional dentin-pulp complex remains a significant challenge in endodontics. Conventional regenerative endodontic therapies often result in the formation of non-pulp-like tissue due to the uncontrolled induction of stem cells and cytokines. Mimicking developmental processes to promote regeneration represents a promising yet challenging approach in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to develop a biomimetic regenerative therapy that integrates a DNMTi@ZIF-8 nanoplatform with dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) spheroids to effectively regenerate the dentin-pulp complex. First, a progressive reduction in 5-methylcytosine content was revealed to be a core signal in the odontogenic differentiation process. Based on this discovery, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) were further used to simulate this regulatory process. The results showed that DNMTi not only significantly promoted odontogenic differentiation but also inhibited the angiogenesis process. To address this dual effect, in situ synthesized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was used for the delivery of DNMTi. This DNMTi@ZIF-8 system not only prolonged drug activity but also enhanced angiogenesis-promoting efficacy by activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway through the sustained release of zinc ions, assessed via angiogenic assays including scratch assays, tube formation assay, and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. When integrated with DPSC spheroids engineered via agarose microwells, analyzed through odontogenic differentiation assays, this system demonstrated significantly enhanced odontogenic differentiation capabilities. Moreover, the introduced biomimetic regenerative therapy successfully regenerated the dentin-pulp complex in a semi-orthotopic in vivo model. This biomimetic developmental approach not only addresses critical gaps in dental tissue engineering but also highlights a new direction for treating pulp and periapical diseases, underscoring its broader implications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Cui
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Shinan District, Qingdao Shandong Province, China
| | - Q Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Sui M, Lyu J, Zhou J, Liao Q, Xiao Z, Jin M, Tao J. Circ-AARS plays an important role during the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by modulating miR-24-3p/KLF6 expression. Stem Cell Res Ther 2025; 16:137. [PMID: 40083007 PMCID: PMC11907881 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-025-04239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in stem cell-based tooth regeneration. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in tooth regeneration from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remain largely unclear. METHODS In this study, DPSCs were used for odontogenic differentiation. High-throughput sequencing was performed for differential circRNA analysis. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the downstream target of the circRNA, circ-AARS. We then constructed vectors and siRNAs for overexpressing and silencing circ-AARS, miR-24-3p, and Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) and transfected them into DPSCs. Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, western blotting assay, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of circ-AARS. Finally, a heterotopic bone model was utilized to reveal the regulating effects of circ-AARS. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that circ-AARS plays an important role during the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Downregulation of circ-AARS inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs; however, circ-AARS overexpression promoted their odontogenic differentiation. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that both miR-24-3p and KLF6 were the downstream targets of circ-AARS. miR-24-3p downregulation or KLF6 overexpression restored the odontogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs after circ-AARS silencing. KLF6 upregulation restored the odontogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs after KLF6 overexpression. The heterotopic bone model confirmed that circ-AARS overexpression promoted the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. CONCLUSION The present study showed that circ-AARS can promote the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs by increasing KLF6 expression and sponging miR-24-3p. Taken together, the results indicate that circ-AARS may be a potential positive regulator of odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhi Sui
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Stomatology, Kashi Prefecture Second People's Hospital, No 1, Jiankang Road, Kashi, 844000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Lyu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Stomatology, Kashi Prefecture Second People's Hospital, No 1, Jiankang Road, Kashi, 844000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zexu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jiang Tao
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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13
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Kyaw MS, Kamano Y, Yahata Y, Tanaka T, Sato N, Toyama F, Noguchi T, Saito M, Nakano M, Harada F, Saito M. Endodontic Regeneration Therapy: Current Strategies and Tissue Engineering Solutions. Cells 2025; 14:422. [PMID: 40136671 PMCID: PMC11941292 DOI: 10.3390/cells14060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy and an aging population, the demand for dental treatments that preserve natural teeth has grown significantly. Among these treatments, endodontic therapies for pulpitis and apical periodontitis play a vital role, not only in keeping occlusal function, but also in preventing the exacerbation of systemic diseases. Both pulpitis and apical periodontitis are primarily caused by infections of the oral pathobiont within the root canal, leading to inflammation and destruction of the pulp, apical periodontal tissue, and bone. Standard root canal therapy aims to remove the infection source and facilitate natural tissue healing through the body's regenerative capacity. However, challenges remain, including limited tooth functionality after complete pulp removal in pulpitis and insufficient recovery of the large bone defect in apical periodontitis. To address these limitations, endodontic regenerative therapies have emerged as promising alternatives. Pulp regeneration therapy seeks to restore the functionality of dental pulp, while bone regeneration therapy aims to repair and regenerate large bone defects affected by apical periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuya Kamano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.S.K.); (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (F.T.); (T.N.); (M.S.); (M.N.); (F.H.); (M.S.)
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14
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Su W, Liao C, Liu X. Angiogenic and neurogenic potential of dental-derived stem cells for functional pulp regeneration: A narrative review. Int Endod J 2025; 58:391-410. [PMID: 39660369 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental pulp tissue engineering is expected to become an ideal treatment for irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis. However, angiogenesis and neurogenesis for functional pulp regeneration have not yet met the standard for large-scale clinical application, and need further research. OBJECTIVE This review focused on the potential mechanisms of angiogenesis and neurogenesis in pulp regeneration, including stem cell types, upstream and downstream regulatory molecules and cascade signalling pathways, thereby providing a theoretical basis and inspiring new ideas to improve the effectiveness of dental pulp tissue engineering. METHODS An electronic literature search was carried out using the keywords of 'pulp regeneration', 'stem cell transplantation', 'dental pulp stem cells', 'angiogenesis' and 'neurogenesis'. The resulting literature was screened and reviewed. RESULTS Stem cells used in dental pulp tissue engineering can be classified as dental-derived and non-dental-derived stem cells, amongst which dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) have achieved promising results in animal experiments and clinical trials. Multiple molecules and signalling pathways are involved in the process of DPSC-mediated angiogenic and neurogenetic regeneration. In order to promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis in pulp regeneration, feasible measures include the addition of growth factors, the modulation of transcription factors and signalling pathways, the use of extracellular vesicles and the modification of bioscaffold materials. CONCLUSION Dental pulp tissue engineering has had breakthroughs in preclinical and clinical studies in vivo. Overcoming difficulties in pulpal angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and achieving functional pulp regeneration will lead to a significant impact in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Su
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chufang Liao
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Hospital of stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Hospital of stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Rosa V, Cavalcanti BN, Nör JE, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Silikas N, Bottino MC, Kishen A, Soares DG, Franca CM, Cooper PR, Duncan HF, Ferracane JL, Watts DC. Guidance for evaluating biomaterials' properties and biological potential for dental pulp tissue engineering and regeneration research. Dent Mater 2025; 41:248-264. [PMID: 39674710 PMCID: PMC11875114 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental pulp regeneration is a complex and advancing field that requires biomaterials capable of supporting the pulp's diverse functions, including immune defense, sensory perception, vascularization, and reparative dentinogenesis. Regeneration involves orchestrating the formation of soft connective tissues, neurons, blood vessels, and mineralized structures, necessitating materials with tailored biological and mechanical properties. Numerous biomaterials have entered clinical practice, while others are being developed for tissue engineering applications. The composition and a broad range of material properties, such as surface characteristics, degradation rate, and mechanical strength, significantly influence cellular behavior and tissue outcomes. This underscores the importance of employing robust evaluation methods and ensuring precise and comprehensive reporting of findings to advance research and clinical translation. AIMS This article aims to present the biological foundations of dental pulp tissue engineering alongside potential testing methodologies and their advantages and limitations. It provides guidance for developing research protocols to evaluate the properties of biomaterials and their influences on cell and tissue behavior, supporting progress toward effective dental pulp regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Bruno Neves Cavalcanti
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
| | - Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Department of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, TYKS, Turku, Finland.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane M Franca
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, USA; Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, USA.
| | - Paul Roy Cooper
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, USA.
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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16
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Morita K, Wang J, Okamoto K, Iwata T. The next generation of regenerative dentistry: From tooth development biology to periodontal tissue, dental pulp, and whole tooth reconstruction in the clinical setting. Regen Ther 2025; 28:333-344. [PMID: 39885872 PMCID: PMC11780712 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
In modern dentistry, prosthetic approaches such as implants and dentures have been developed as symptomatic solutions for tooth loss. However, the complete regeneration of teeth and periodontal tissue, an ultimate aspiration of humanity, remains unachieved. Recent advancements in fundamental scientific technologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, have significantly advanced our molecular understanding of tooth development, paving the way toward achieving this goal. This review summarizes the fundamental processes of tooth development in humans and mice, recent findings from basic research, and current clinical applications in dental regenerative medicine, including periodontal, alveolar bone, and dental pulp regeneration using cellular approaches. Building on accumulated scientific knowledge, the complete regeneration of teeth and periodontal tissues may be achievable in the near future. We discuss the potential of emerging approaches, such as organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells and xenotransplantation using genetically modified animals, to transform dental medicine. These innovative concepts and integrated technologies hold the promise of enabling the regeneration of fully functional teeth and periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Morita
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo (Science Tokyo), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo (Science Tokyo), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamoto
- Health Science Research and Development Center (HeRD), Institute of Science Tokyo (Science Tokyo), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo (Science Tokyo), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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17
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Samiei M, Harmsen MC, Abdolahinia ED, Barar J, Petridis X. Scaffold-Free Strategies in Dental Pulp/Dentine Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Implications for Regenerative Biological Processes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2025; 12:198. [PMID: 40001717 PMCID: PMC11851408 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, root canal treatment is performed when the dental pulp is severely damaged or lost due to dental trauma or bacterial endodontic infections. This treatment involves removing the compromised or infected pulp tissue, disinfecting the root canal system, and sealing it with inert, non-degradable materials. However, contemporary endodontic treatment has shifted from merely obturating the root canal system with inert materials to guiding endodontic tissue regeneration through biological approaches. The ultimate goal of regenerative endodontics is to restore dental pulp tissue with structural organization and functional characteristics akin to the native pulp, leveraging advancements in tissue engineering and biomaterial sciences. Dental pulp tissue engineering commonly employs scaffold-based strategies, utilizing biomaterials as initial platforms for cell and growth factor delivery, which subsequently act as scaffolds for cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. However, cells possess an intrinsic capacity for self-organization into spheroids and can generate their own extracellular matrix, eliminating the need for external scaffolds. This self-assembling property presents a promising alternative for scaffold-free dental pulp engineering, addressing limitations associated with biomaterial-based approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cell-based, self-assembling and scaffold-free approaches in dental pulp tissue engineering, highlighting their potential advantages and challenges in advancing regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (M.C.H.)
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Xenos Petridis
- Department of Endodontics, Section of Dental Pathology & Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Department of Endodontology, Section of Fundamental Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Zhang XH, Wang H, Cao Y, Liu L, Zhang ZQ, Liu JN, Mu SH, Yuan Y, Cai XY, Sui BD, Zheng CX, Xu HK, Jin F, Lei X. Optimizing natural human-derived decellularized tissue materials for periodontal bone defect repair. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2025; 748:151297. [PMID: 39818190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a major contributor to tooth loss worldwide in adults. Particularly, periodontal bone defect is a common clinical condition, yet current therapeutic strategies exhibit limited effectiveness. Recently, natural bone graft materials have attracted considerable interest for enhancing bone defect repair due to their superior biocompatibility and osteogenic capabilities. Nevertheless, clinically applicable human-derived biomaterials to boost bone regeneration are currently not accessible. Here, enlightened by the decellularization technique, we successfully prepared the human decellularized alveolar bone and tooth dentin tissues from healthy individuals and obtained micro-sized bioactive decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) particles for treatment of periodontal bone defects. After characterizing the two representative dECM tissues and particles by multiple physiochemical approaches, we revealed that both human decellularized alveolar bone matrix particles (hDABMPs) and human decellularized tooth dentin matrix particles (hDTDMPs) possessed excellent biocompatibility. Furthermore, both biomaterials significantly enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle stem cells, potentially contributing to periodontal bone formation. Indeed, in a rat model, both types of dECM microparticles were found to facilitate tissue regeneration at periodontal bone defect sites, demonstrating comparable efficacy for promoting bone defect repair. Collectively, this study provides an important basis for clinical exploration of natural human-derived micro-sized biomaterials for periodontal bone defect repair and opens a new path for periodontal disease treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jia-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shi-Han Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hao-Kun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Xiao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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19
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Liu P, Guo H, Huang X, Liu A, Zhu T, Zheng C, Fu F, Zhang K, Li S, Luo X, Tian J, Jin Y, Xuan K, Sui B. Golgi-restored vesicular replenishment retards bone aging and empowers aging bone regeneration. Bone Res 2025; 13:21. [PMID: 39922812 PMCID: PMC11807224 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is a common goal for humanity and society, and one key to achieving it is the rejuvenation of senescent resident stem cells and empowerment of aging organ regeneration. However, the mechanistic understandings of stem cell senescence and the potential strategies to counteract it remain elusive. Here, we reveal that the aging bone microenvironment impairs the Golgi apparatus thus diminishing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function and regeneration. Interestingly, replenishment of cell aggregates-derived extracellular vesicles (CA-EVs) rescues Golgi dysfunction and empowers senescent MSCs through the Golgi regulatory protein Syntaxin 5. Importantly, in vivo administration of CA-EVs significantly enhanced the bone defect repair rate and improved bone mass in aging mice, suggesting their therapeutic value for treating age-related osteoporosis and promoting bone regeneration. Collectively, our findings provide insights into Golgi regulation in stem cell senescence and bone aging, which further highlight CA-EVs as a potential rejuvenative approach for aging bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiongyi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bingdong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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He Z, Starkuviene V, Keese M. The Differentiation and Regeneration Potential of ABCB5 + Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review and Clinical Perspectives. J Clin Med 2025; 14:660. [PMID: 39941329 PMCID: PMC11818130 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/19/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a family of multipotent stem cells that show self-renewal under proliferation, multilineage differentiation, immunomodulation, and trophic function. Thus, these cells, such as adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), carry great promise for novel clinical treatment options. However, the challenges associated with the isolation of MSCs and the instability of their in vitro expansion remain significant barriers to their clinical application. The plasma membrane-spanning P-glycoprotein ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 positive MSCs (ABCB5+ MSCs) derived from human skin specimens offer a distinctive advantage over other MSCs. They can be easily extracted from the dermis and expanded. In culture, ABCB5+ MSCs demonstrate robust innate homeostasis and a classic trilineage differentiation. Additionally, their ability to modulate the recipients' immune system highlights their potential for allogeneic applications in regenerative medicine. In this review, we primarily discuss the differentiation potential of ABCB5+ MSCs and their perspectives in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng He
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vytaute Starkuviene
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Michael Keese
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Theresienkrankenhaus, Bassermannstraße 1, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Laforgia A, Inchingolo AM, Inchingolo F, Sardano R, Trilli I, Di Noia A, Ferrante L, Palermo A, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G. Paediatric dental trauma: insights from epidemiological studies and management recommendations. BMC Oral Health 2025; 25:6. [PMID: 39748355 PMCID: PMC11697964 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-05222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Dental trauma is common in all age groups, although, epidemiologically, it is more common in children with studies that indicate that 15% of preschoolers and 20-25% of school-age children experience it. These injuries, which frequently call for immediate attention, can affect the hard tissues and supporting components of the teeth, and, because dental damage in deciduous teeth occurs frequently and affects speech, nutrition, and oral development, it is particularly worrying. After searching three databases, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and PubMed, and removing duplicates, 3,630 articles were screened, and 12 publications were included in the qualitative analysis. Due to their busy lifestyles, children are particularly susceptible to oral trauma and in certain areas and lower socioeconomic groups, the incidence is higher. From little fractures in the enamel to serious dislocations and avulsions, injuries vary and must be treated promptly in order to avoid consequences and to prevent long-term issues. Furthermore, a conservative treatment strategy is recommended to preserve tooth vitality and prevent extractions. Reducing the occurrence of dental injuries requires the implementation of preventive measures including mouthguard use and educational campaigns. In summary, this review emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, immediate management, and long-term care, by synthesizing existing knowledge on the prevalence, types, management, complications, and prevention of dental trauma in deciduous teeth. Finally, it's important to underscore the need for continued research to refine treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Laforgia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70124, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70124, Italy.
| | - Roberta Sardano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Irma Trilli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Angela Di Noia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrante
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | | | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70124, Italy
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22
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Qin J, Zou L, Lu F, Liu F, Min Q, Zhu L. METTL3 promotes immature dental pulp stem cells-induced angiogenesis by regulating ETS1 mRNA stability in an m 6A-HuR-dependent manner. Odontology 2025; 113:305-317. [PMID: 38969870 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis serves as the determinate element of pulp regeneration. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) implantation can promote the regeneration of dental pulp tissue. Herein, the role of m6A methyltransferase methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in regulating DPSCs-induced angiogenesis during pulp regeneration therapy was investigated. Cell DPSC viability, HUVEC migration, and angiogenesis ability were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, wound healing, Transwell assay, and tube formation assay. The global and EST1 mRNA m6A levels were detected by m6A dot blot and Me-RIP. The interactions between E26 transformation-specific proto-oncogene 1(ETS1), human antigen R(HuR), and METTL3 were analyzed by RIP assay. The relationship between METTL3 and the m6A site of ETS1 was performed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. ETS1 mRNA stability was examined with actinomycin D. Herein, our results revealed that human immature DPSCs (hIDPSCs) showed stronger ability to induce angiogenesis than human mature DPSCs (hMDPSCs), which might be related to ETS1 upregulation. ETS1 knockdown inhibited DPSCs-induced angiogenesis. Our mechanistic experiments demonstrated that METTL3 increased ETS1 mRNA stability and expression level on DPSCs in an m6A-HuR-dependent manner. ETS1 upregulation abolished sh-METTL3's inhibition on DPSCs-induced angiogenesis. METTL3 upregulation promoted DPSCs-induced angiogenesis by enhancing ETS1 mRNA stability in an m6A-HuR-dependent manner. This study reveals a new mechanism by which m6A methylation regulates angiogenesis in DPSCs, providing new insights for stem cell-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fachao Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Min
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilei Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan Province, No.389, Youyi Road, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Wang S, Tu Y, Yu H, Li Z, Feng J, Liu S. Animal models and related techniques for dentin study. Odontology 2025; 113:42-60. [PMID: 39225758 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate and protracted process of dentin formation has been extensively explored, thanks to the significant advancements facilitated by the use of animal models and related techniques. Despite variations in their effectiveness, taking into account factors such as sensitivity, visibility, and reliability, these models or techniques are indispensable tools for investigating the complexities of dentin formation. This article focuses on the latest advances in animal models and related technologies, shedding light on the key molecular mechanisms that are essential in dentin formation. A deeper understanding of this phenomenon enables the careful selection of appropriate animal models, considering their suitability in unraveling the underlying molecular intricacies. These insights are crucial for the advancement of clinical drugs targeting dentin-related ailments and the development of comprehensive treatment strategies throughout the duration of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Dental Disease Prevention Institute, Shanghai, 201499, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiu Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 365 Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Ding J, Sun Z, Ma L, Wang L, Liao Z, Liang L, Yang H, Mao R. Microspheres of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth exhibit superior pulp regeneration capacity. Dent Mater 2025; 41:70-80. [PMID: 39500639 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Engineering spheroids to create three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures has gained increasing attention in recent years due to their potential advantages over traditional two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture methods. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) demonstrate significant potential for pulpal regeneration applications. Nevertheless, the feasibility of microsphere formation of SHEDs and its impact on pulpal regeneration remain unclear. METHODS In this study, SHEDs were isolated, identified, and cultured in ultra-low attachment six-well plates to produce SHED microspheres. The biological properties of SHED microspheres were compared to those of traditional 2D culture using live-dead staining, Alizarin red staining, Oil-red O staining, scratch experiments, Immunofluorescence, Transmission electron microscopy scan, Western blotting, RNA sequencing, and a nude mice subcutaneous transplantation model. RESULTS We found SHED cells can form microspheres with a dense internal structure. SHED microspheres exhibited notable advantages over SHED cells in terms of biological properties, maintaining cell activity and enhancing cell differentiation, migration, and stemness in vitro. RNA-seq revealed that the SHED microspheres potentially influenced cell development, regulation of neurogenesis, skeletal system development, tissue morphogenesis singling pathway. In vivo, SHED microspheres promoted the generation of pulp tissue in dental pulp compared to traditional 2D culture. CONCLUSIONS Microsphereization of SHED through 3D cell culture enhances its pulp regeneration capacity, presenting a novel strategy for dental pulp regeneration and the clinical treatment of dental pulp diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Ding
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zheyi Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Endodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Limeiting Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhenhui Liao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China.
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25
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Zhu S, Liao X, Xu Y, Zhou N, Pan Y, Song J, Zheng T, Zhang L, Bai L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Gou M, Tao J, Liu R. 3D bioprinting of high-performance hydrogel with in-situ birth of stem cell spheroids. Bioact Mater 2025; 43:392-405. [PMID: 39399841 PMCID: PMC11470575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP)-based bioprinting technology holds immense promise for the advancement of hydrogel constructs in biomedical applications. However, creating high-performance hydrogel constructs with this method is still a challenge, as it requires balancing the physicochemical properties of the matrix while also retaining the cellular activity of the encapsulated cells. Herein, we propose a facile and practical strategy for the 3D bioprinting of high-performance hydrogel constructs through the in-situ birth of stem cell spheroids. The strategy is achieved by loading the cell/dextran microdroplets within gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) emulsion, where dextran functions as a decoy to capture and aggregate the cells for bioprinting while GelMA enables the mechanical support without losing the structural complexity and fidelity. Post-bioprinting, the leaching of dextran results in a smooth curved surface that promotes in-situ birth of spheroids within hydrogel constructs. This process significant enhances differentiation potential of encapsulated stem cells. As a proof-of-concept, we encapsulate dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) within hydrogel constructs, showcasing their regenerative capabilities in dentin and neovascular-like structures in vivo. The strategy in our study enables high-performance hydrogel tissue construct fabrication with DLP-based bioprinting, which is anticipated to pave a promising way for diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xueyuan Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Nazi Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yingzi Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taijing Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liyun Bai
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
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Marian D, Toro G, D’Amico G, Trotta MC, D’Amico M, Petre A, Lile I, Hermenean A, Fratila A. Challenges and Innovations in Alveolar Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review on Materials, Techniques, Clinical Outcomes, and Future Directions. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 61:20. [PMID: 39859003 PMCID: PMC11766548 DOI: 10.3390/medicina61010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
This review explores the recent advancements and ongoing challenges in regenerating alveolar bone, which is essential for dental implants and periodontal health. It examines traditional techniques like guided bone regeneration and bone grafting, alongside newer methods such as stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and 3D bioprinting. Each approach is considered for its strengths in supporting bone growth and integration, especially in cases where complex bone defects make regeneration difficult. This review also looks at different biomaterials, from bioactive scaffolds to nanomaterials, assessing how well they encourage cell growth and healing. Personalized treatments, like customized 3D-printed scaffolds, show promise in enhancing bone formation and tissue compatibility. Additionally, signaling molecules, like bone morphogenetic proteins, play a crucial role in guiding the process of bone formation and remodeling. Despite these advances, challenges remain-particularly with severe bone loss and with refining biomaterials for more reliable, long-term outcomes. This review proposes combining advanced materials, regenerative technologies, and personalized approaches to achieve more effective and consistent outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marian
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, 94-96 Revolutiei Blvd., 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Alexandru Petre
- Department of Prosthodontics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Lile
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, 94-96 Revolutiei Blvd., 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Anca Fratila
- Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
- Military Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
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27
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Xu R, Zhang X, Lin W, Wang Y, Zhang D, Jiang S, Liu L, Wang J, Luo X, Zhang X, Jing J, Yuan Q, Zhou C. Cathepsin K-Positive Cell Lineage Promotes In Situ Dentin Formation Controlled by Nociceptive Sonic Hedgehog. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310048. [PMID: 39474995 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases affect nearly half of the global population throughout their lifetime causing pain, as estimated by the World Health Organization. Preservation of vital pulp is the therapeutic core as well as a challenge to protect natural teeth. Current bottleneck lies in that the regenerative capacity of injured pulp is undetermined. In this study, we identified a lifelong lineage that is labelled by cathepsin K (Ctsk) contributing to the physiological, reactionary and reparative odontogenesis of mouse molars. Ctsk+ cell-mediated dentin formation is regulated by nociceptive nerve-derived Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), especially rapidly responsive to acute injury. Notably, exogenous Shh protein to the injury pulp can preserve Ctsk+ cell capacity of odontogenesis for the nearby crown pulp and even remote root apex growth, alleviating conventionally developmental arrest in youth pulpitis. Exposed to chronical attrition, aged pulp Ctsk+ cells still hold the capacity to respond to acute stimuli and promote reparative odontogenesis, also enhanced by exogenous Shh capping. Therefore, Ctsk+ cells may be one of the lineages for accelerating precision medicine for efficient pulp treatment across ages. Shh application can be a candidate for vital pulp preservation and pulp injury repair by promoting regenerative odontogenesis to a certain extent from young adults to older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yushun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Danting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xutao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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28
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Ivanovski S, Han P, Peters O, Sanz M, Bartold P. The Therapeutic Use of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Human Clinical Trials. J Dent Res 2024; 103:1173-1184. [PMID: 39370700 PMCID: PMC11562285 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241261900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), characterized by their undifferentiated and multipotent nature, can be derived from various sources, including bone marrow, adipose, and dental tissues. Among these, dental MSCs (DSCs) exhibit universal MSC characteristics and are attracting considerable attention for regenerating oral and craniofacial tissues. This review provides a contemporary overview of recently published clinical studies using DSCs for various orodental and maxillofacial regenerative applications, including bone, periodontal, and endodontic regeneration. It also explores the utilization of DSCs in treating systemic conditions, exemplified by their application in managing conditions such as COVID-19 and osteoarthritis. The available evidence underscores the potential of DSCs and their secretome as efficacious tools in regenerative medicine for both dental and nondental clinical applications, supporting the continued promise of stem cell-based therapies. It is nevertheless evident that there are a number of important challenges that restrict the widespread utilization of DSCs, namely, difficulty in standardizing autologous preparations, insufficient cell surface marker characterization, high production costs, and regulatory compliance requirements. Further, the unique requirements of dental applications, especially complex structures such as the periodontium, where temporospatial control over the healing process is required, necessitate the combination of stem cells with appropriate scaffolds according to the principles of tissue engineering. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the clinical translation of DSCs into clinical practice, and phase 3 clinical trials with standardized protocols for cell sourcing, propagation, dosing, and delivery are required to move the field forward. In summary, this review provides a contemporary overview of the evolving landscape of stem cell therapy, offering insights into the latest developments and trends as well as the challenges that need to be addressed for the widespread application of DSC-based cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P. Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - O.A. Peters
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M. Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajalsn (Ciudad Universitaria), Madrid, Spain
| | - P.M. Bartold
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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29
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Xing JH, Hou LS, Zhang K, Zhang YW, Zheng C, Cai Z, Sui B, Zhou SY, He W, Zhang BL. Microenvironment-responsive nano-bioconjugated vesicles for the multi-pronged treatment of liver fibrosis. J Control Release 2024; 376:52-66. [PMID: 39368707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents an inevitable stage of various chronic liver diseases. The activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the main drivers for promoting the development of liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, liver macrophages can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus accelerating the deterioration of the liver. Regulating both aHSCs and the inflammatory microenvironment in the liver simultaneously may be an effective strategy for treating liver fibrosis. A multi-pronged nano-bioconjugated system, HNP-B-aEV, was developed according to the above strategy. Based on cell aggregate-derived extracellular vesicles (aEVs) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-loaded nanoparticles (HNP) modified with retinol, HNP-B-aEV is prepared via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive boronate linker. In the ROS-rich microenvironment of liver fibrosis, aEVs and HNP are released, eliminating ROS, and targeting aHSCs and macrophages respectively to inhibit the activation of HSCs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that HNP-B-aEV can significantly inhibit the release of inflammatory factors from M1 macrophages, remodeling the microenvironment and preventing the activation of HSCs, offering a multi-pronged treatment for liver fibrosis. This strategy can inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis at its source, providing a new perspective for the clinical treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Xing
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Li-Shuang Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kaichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chenxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zedong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China.
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30
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Tan YY, Abdullah D, Abu Kasim NH, Yazid F, Mahamad Apandi NI, Ramanathan A, Soo E, Radzi R, Teh LA. Histological characterization of pulp regeneration using decellularized human dental pulp and mesenchymal stem cells in a feline model. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102484. [PMID: 39068688 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics aims to restore pulp tissues, thus preserving the vitality of the tooth. One promising approach involves the utilization of decellularized human dental pulp (DHDP) as a scaffold repopulated with Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs). This study aimed to regenerate pulp tissues using DHDP and WJMSCs following pulpectomy in mature canine teeth of a feline animal model and to investigate the histological features of the regenerated pulp. A 12-month-old male domestic shorthaired felines were used as subjects. Teeth were categorized into untreated (Group 1), pulpectomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Group 2), and pulpectomy with DHDP-repopulated scaffold and MTA (Group 3). The animals were sacrificed six weeks post-intervention. H&E and immunohistochemistry using anti-collagen type 1 and laminin antibodies were used to stain the tissue sections. Histological examinations presented pulp-like tissues in Group 3, with tissue components similar to the structures found in Group 1. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of collagen type I and laminin within the regenerated tissues. The root canals of teeth in Group 2 were devoid of pulpal tissue. DHDP with WJMSCs can potentially be used for pulp regeneration, supporting the modality for developing new clinical protocols in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Yee Tan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Dalia Abdullah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Farinawati Yazid
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Inaas Mahamad Apandi
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Eason Soo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Rozanaliza Radzi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lay Ann Teh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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31
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Ou Q, Huang W, Wang B, Niu L, Li Z, Mao X, Shi S. Apoptotic Vesicles: Therapeutic Mechanisms and Critical Issues. J Dent Res 2024; 103:1057-1065. [PMID: 39272215 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241265676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the most prominent mode of programmed cell death and is necessary for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. During cell apoptosis, a distinctive population of extracellular vesicles is generated, termed apoptotic vesicles (apoVs). ApoVs inherit a variety of biological molecules such as proteins, RNAs, nuclear components, lipids, and gasotransmitters from their parent cells. ApoVs have shown promising therapeutic potential for inflammation, tumors, immune disorders, and tissue regeneration. In addition, apoVs can be used as drug carriers, vaccine development, and disease diagnosis. Recently, apoVs have been used in clinical trials to treat a variety of diseases, such as temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and the regeneration of functional alveolar bone. Here, we review the history of apoV research, current preclinical and clinical studies, and the potential issues of apoV application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ou
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Huang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Wang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Niu
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Li
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Mao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Huang X, Sui B, Liu A, Guo H, Zheng C, Liu P, Cai X, Fu F, Bai S, Jin F, Chen J, Wei C, Jin Y, Xuan K. Odontogenesis-Empowered Extracellular Vesicles Safeguard Donor-Recipient Stem Cell Interplay to Support Tooth Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400260. [PMID: 38860737 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing the developmental events of mesenchymal condensation to direct postnatal dental stem cell aggregation represents a cutting-edge and promising approach to tooth regeneration. Tooth avulsion is among the most prevalent and serious dental injuries, and odontogenic aggregates assembled by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have proven effective in revitalizing avulsed teeth after replantation in the clinical trial. However, whether and how SHED aggregates (SA) communicate with recipient components and promote synergistic tissue regeneration to support replanted teeth remains elusive. Here, it is shown that SA-mediated avulsed tooth regeneration involves periodontal restoration and recovery of recipient Gli1+ stem cells, which are mobilized and necessarily contribute to the reestablishment of the tooth-periodontal ligament-bone interface. Mechanistically, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is revealed indispensable for the implanted SA to mobilize recipient Gli1+ cells and regenerate avulsed teeth. Furthermore, SHED aggregates-released EVs (SA-EVs) are featured with odontogenic properties linked to tissue regeneration, which enhance migration, proliferation, and differentiation of Gli1+ cells. Importantly, local application of SA-EVs per se empowers recipient Gli1+ cells and safeguards regeneration of avulsed teeth. Collectively, the findings establish a paradigm in which odontogenesis-featured EVs govern donor-recipient stem cell interplay to achieve tooth regeneration, inspiring cell-free translational regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Stomatology, 985 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chenxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Peisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinyue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shengfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Changze Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Disease, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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33
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Zhu Y, Chen M, Liu F, Li B, He Y. Overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 reduces LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine upregulation and enhances osteo/odontogenic-differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via upregulation of CCCTC-binding factor. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106031. [PMID: 38905870 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in promoting the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic-differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) by mediating CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) expression. DESIGN The interaction between PD-L1 and CTCF was verified through co-immunoprecipitation. hDPSCs transfected with PD-L1 overexpression and CTCF knockdown vectors were treated with lipopolysaccharide or an osteogenic-inducing medium. Inflammatory cytokines and osteo/odontogenic-differentiation related genes were measured. Osteo/odontogenic-differentiation of hDPSCs was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining. RESULTS Overexpression of PD-L1 inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulation, cell proliferation, ALP activity, and calcium deposition in hDPSCs and elevated the expression of osteo/odontogenic-differentiation related genes; however, such expression patterns could be reversed by CTCF knockdown. Co-immunoprecipitation results confirmed the binding of PD-L1 to CTCF, indicating that PD-L1 overexpression in hDPSCs increases CTCF expression, thus inhibiting the inflammatory response and increasing osteo/odontogenic-differentiation of hDPSCs. CONCLUSION PD-L1 overexpression in hDPSCs enhances the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic-differentiation of hDPSCs and inhibit the inflammatory response by upregulating CTCF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhu
- VIP Center, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Minmin Chen
- Department of General Stomatology, Hunan Xiangya Stomatological Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; Medical Support Department, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Buyun Li
- VIP Center, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwen He
- VIP Center, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yang N, Shen R, Yang W, Zhang S, Gong T, Liu Y. Biomimetic pulp scaffolds prepared from extracellular matrix derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth promote pulp-dentine complex regeneration. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1279-1292. [PMID: 38828966 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of biomimetic pulp scaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix derived of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-ECM-PS) in promoting pulp-dentine complex regeneration. METHODOLOGY SHED-ECM-PS was prepared through cell aggregation and decellularization techniques. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and DNA quantification assays were used to characterize the SHED-ECM-PS. Additionally, a tooth slice implantation model was established to evaluate the effects of SHED-ECM-PS on regeneration of the pulp-dentine complex in vivo. Extraction medium for SHED-ECM-PS was prepared, and its effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was assessed in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 and Ki-67 staining assays were performed to determine cell proliferation. The rate of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to evaluate cell migration. Alizarin red S staining was performed to examine mineralized nodule formation. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of osteogenic and odontogenic markers. The results were analysed using an independent two-tailed Student's t-test. p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS SHED-ECM-PS was successfully constructed, exhibiting a striped dental pulp-like shape devoid of nuclear structures or DNA components, and rich in fibronectin, collagen I, DMP1 and DSPP. Notably, SHED-ECM-PS showed no impact on the proliferation or apoptosis of BMMSCs. Histological analysis revealed that dental pulp fibroblasts formed an interwoven mesh in the root canal, and angiogenesis was observed in the SHED-ECM-PS group. Moreover, a continuous, newly formed tubular dentine layer with polarized odontoblast-like cells was observed along the inner wall of the root canal. SHED-ECM-PS promoted the migration, polar alignment and mineralized nodule formation of BMMSCs and specifically elevated the expression levels of odontogenic markers, but not osteogenic markers, compared with the control group in vitro. CONCLUSION SHED-ECM-PS exhibited no cytotoxicity and promoted pulp-dentine complex regeneration in vivo as well as cell migration and odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs in vitro. These findings provide evidence that SHED-ECM-PS, as a novel biological scaffold, has the potential to improve the outcomes of REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Rou Shen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengcai Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxing Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
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Liu F, Wu Q, Liu Q, Chen B, Liu X, Pathak JL, Watanabe N, Li J. Dental pulp stem cells-derived cannabidiol-treated organoid-like microspheroids show robust osteogenic potential via upregulation of WNT6. Commun Biol 2024; 7:972. [PMID: 39122786 PMCID: PMC11315977 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) have shown osteogenic and bone regenerative potential. Improving the in situ bone regeneration potential of DPSC is crucial for their application as seed cells during bone defect reconstruction in clinics. This study aimed to develop DPSC-derived organoid-like microspheroids as effective seeds for bone tissue engineering applications. DPSC osteogenic microspheroids (70 μm diameter) were cultured in a polydimethylsiloxane-mold-based agarose-gel microwell-culture-system with or without cannabidiol (CBD)-treatment. Results of in vitro studies showed higher osteogenic differentiation potential of microspheroids compared with 2D-cultured-DPSC. CBD treatment further improved the osteogenic differentiation potential of microspheroids. The effect of CBD treatment in the osteogenic differentiation of microspheroids was more pronounced compared with that of CBD-treated 2D-cultured-DPSC. Microspheroids showed a higher degree of bone regeneration in nude mice calvarial bone defect compared to 2D-cultured-DPSC. CBD-treated microspheroids showed the most robust in situ bone regenerative potential compared with microspheroids or CBD-treated 2D-cultured-DPSC. According to mRNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and confirmation study, the higher osteogenic potential of CBD-treated microspheroids was mainly attributed to WNT6 upregulation. Taken together, DPSC microspheroids have robust osteogenic potential and can effectively translate the effect of in vitro osteoinductive stimulation during in situ bone regeneration, indicating their application potential during bone defect reconstruction in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Janak L Pathak
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
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Wang X, Chen Q, Li J, Tian W, Liu Z, Chen T. Recent adavances of functional modules for tooth regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7497-7518. [PMID: 39021127 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dental diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disorders, constitute a major global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide and often resulting in tooth loss. Traditional dental treatments, though beneficial, typically cannot fully restore the natural functions and structures of teeth. This limitation has prompted growing interest in innovative strategies for tooth regeneration methods. Among these, the use of dental stem cells to generate functional tooth modules represents an emerging and promising approach in dental tissue engineering. These modules aim to closely replicate the intricate morphology and essential physiological functions of dental tissues. Recent advancements in regenerative research have not only enhanced the assembly techniques for these modules but also highlighted their therapeutic potential in addressing various dental diseases. In this review, we discuss the latest progress in the construction of functional tooth modules, especially on regenerating dental pulp, periodontal tissue, and tooth roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Li XL, Fan W, Fan B. Dental pulp regeneration strategies: A review of status quo and recent advances. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:258-275. [PMID: 38745589 PMCID: PMC11090883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, physical factors such as temperature or mechanical injury, and chemical factors such as free monomers from composite resin are the main causes of dental pulp diseases. Current clinical treatment methods for pulp diseases include the root canal therapy, vital pulp therapy and regenerative endodontic therapy. Regenerative endodontic therapy serves the purpose of inducing the regeneration of new functional pulp tissues through autologous revascularization or pulp tissue engineering. This article first discusses the current clinical methods and reviews strategies as well as the research outcomes regarding the pulp regeneration. Then the in vivo models, the prospects and challenges for regenerative endodontic therapy were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
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Farshbaf A, Mottaghi M, Mohammadi M, Monsef K, Mirhashemi M, Attaran Khorasani A, Mohtasham N. Regenerative application of oral and maxillofacial 3D organoids based on dental pulp stem cell. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102451. [PMID: 38936200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) originate from the neural crest and the present mesenchymal phenotype showed self-renewal capabilities and can differentiate into at least three lineages. DPSCs are easily isolated with minimal harm, no notable ethical constraints, and without general anesthesia to the donor individuals. Furthermore, cryopreservation of DPSCs provides this opportunity for autologous transplantation in future studies without fundamental changes in stemness, viability, proliferation, and differentiating features. Current approaches for pulp tissue regeneration include pulp revascularization, cell-homing-based regenerative endodontic treatment (RET), cell-transplantation-based regenerative endodontic treatment, and allogeneic transplantation. In recent years, a novel technology, organoid, provides a mimic physiological condition and tissue construct that can be applied for tissue engineering, genetic manipulation, disease modeling, single-cell high throughput analysis, living biobank, cryopreserving and maintaining cells, and therapeutic approaches based on personalized medicine. The organoids can be a reliable preclinical prediction model for evaluating cell behavior, monitoring drug response or resistance, and comparing healthy and pathological conditions for therapeutic and prognostic approaches. In the current review, we focused on the promising application of 3D organoid technology based on DPSCs in oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration. We discussed encountering challenges and limitations, and found promising solutions to overcome obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieh Farshbaf
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mottaghi
- School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kouros Monsef
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mirhashemi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tong D, Gobert S, Reuzeau A, Farges JC, Leveque M, Bolon M, Costantini A, Pasdeloup M, Lafont J, Ducret M, Bekhouche M. Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells-response to fibrin hydrogel reveals ITGA2 and MMPs expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32891. [PMID: 39027533 PMCID: PMC11255596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) aim at reestablishing tooth vitality by replacing the irreversibly damaged dental pulp removed by the dental practitioner with a new functional one. The current treatment of advanced caries relies on the replacement of the inflamed or necrosed dental pulp with an inert filling material. This leads to a functional but non-vital tooth, which lacks the ability to sense dental tissue damage, and to protect from further bacterial attack. Therapeutic strategies inspired by tissue engineering called REP propose to regenerate a fully functional dental pulp directly in the canal space. Promising results were obtained using dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) in combination with bio-inspired artificial and temporary 3D hydrogels made of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen and fibrin biomacromolecules. However, the uncontrolled mechanisms of DP regeneration from DP-MSCs in 3D biomacromolecules fail to regenerate a fully functional DP and can induce fibrotic scarring or mineralized tissue formation to a non-negligible extent. The lack of knowledge regarding the early molecular mechanisms initiated by DP-MSCs seeded in ECM-made hydrogels is a scientific lock for REP. In this study, we investigated the early DP-MSC-response in a 3D fibrin hydrogel. DP-MSCs isolated from human third molars were cultured for 24 h in the fibrin hydrogel. The differential transcript levels of extracellular and cell surface genes were screened with 84-gene PCR array. Out of the 84 genes screened, 9 were found to be overexpressed, including those coding for the integrin alpha 2 subunit, the collagenase MMP1 and stromelysins MMP3, MMP10 and MMP12. Over-expression of ITGA2 was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The expression of alpha 2 integrin subunit protein was assessed over time by immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining. The increase in the transcript level of MMP1, MMP3, MM10 and MMP12 was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The overexpression of MMP1 and 3 at the protein level was assessed by immunoblot. MMP3 expression by DP-MSCs was observed by immunofluorescence staining. This work demonstrates overexpression of ITGA2 and of MMP1, 3, 10 and 12 by DP-MSCs cultured in a fibrin hydrogel. The main preliminary extracellular and cell surface response of the DP-MSCs to fibrin hydrogel seems to rely on a ITGA2/MMP3 axis. Further investigations are needed to precisely decipher the role of this axis in dental pulp tissue building. Nevertheless, this work identifies extracellular and cell surface molecules that could be potential checkpoints to be targeted to guide proper dental pulp tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tong
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Stéphanie Gobert
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Alicia Reuzeau
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- Odontology Faculty of Lyon, University Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marianne Leveque
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Marie Bolon
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Arthur Costantini
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marielle Pasdeloup
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Jérôme Lafont
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- Odontology Faculty of Lyon, University Lyon 1, France
| | - Mourad Bekhouche
- LBTI - Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR5305, CNRS/Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
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Han W, Zhang R, Liu S, Zhang T, Yao X, Cao Y, Li J, Liu X, Li B. Recent Advances in Whiskers: Properties and Clinical Applications in Dentistry. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7071-7097. [PMID: 39045343 PMCID: PMC11265390 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s471546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Whiskers are nanoscale, high-strength fibrous crystals with a wide range of potential applications in dentistry owing to their unique mechanical, thermal, electrical, and biological properties. They possess high strength, a high modulus of elasticity and good biocompatibility. Hence, adding these crystals to dental composites as reinforcement can considerably improve the mechanical properties and durability of restorations. Additionally, whiskers are involved in inducing the value-added differentiation of osteoblasts, odontogenic osteocytes, and pulp stem cells, and promoting the regeneration of alveolar bone, periodontal tissue, and pulp tissue. They can also enhance the mucosal barrier function, inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, control inflammation, and aid in cancer prevention. This review comprehensively summarizes the classification, properties, growth mechanisms and preparation methods of whiskers and focuses on their application in dentistry. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, excellent biological properties, and nanoscale characteristics, whiskers show great potential for application in bone, periodontal, and pulp tissue regeneration. Additionally, they can be used to prevent and treat oral cancer and improve medical devices, thus making them a promising new material in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Han
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhi Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Yao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiadi Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Wu J, Li J, Mao S, Li B, Zhu L, Jia P, Huang G, Yang X, Xu L, Qiu D, Wang S, Dong Y. Heparin-Functionalized Bioactive Glass to Harvest Endogenous Growth Factors for Pulp Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30715-30727. [PMID: 38833722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulp and periapical diseases can lead to the cessation of tooth development, resulting in compromised tooth structure and functions. Despite numerous efforts to induce pulp regeneration, effective strategies are still lacking. Growth factors (GFs) hold considerable promise in pulp regeneration due to their diverse cellular regulatory properties. However, the limited half-lives and susceptibility to degradation of exogenous GFs necessitate the administration of supra-physiological doses, leading to undesirable side effects. In this research, a heparin-functionalized bioactive glass (CaO-P2O5-SiO2-Heparin, abbreviated as PSC-Heparin) with strong bioactivity and a stable neutral pH is developed as a promising candidate to addressing challenges in pulp regeneration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis reveal the successful synthesis of PSC-Heparin. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction show the hydroxyapatite formation can be observed on the surface of PSC-Heparin after soaking in simulated body fluid for 12 h. PSC-Heparin is capable of harvesting various endogenous GFs and sustainably releasing them over an extended duration by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytological experiments show that developed PSC-Heparin can facilitate the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papillae. Notably, the histological analysis of subcutaneous implantation in nude mice demonstrates PSC-Heparin is capable of promoting the odontoblast-like layers and pulp-dentin complex formation without the addition of exogenous GFs, which is vital for clinical applications. This work highlights an effective strategy of harvesting endogenous GFs and avoiding the involvement of exogenous GFs to achieve pulp-dentin complex regeneration, which may open a new horizon for regenerative endodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Wu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sicong Mao
- Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baokui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipei Jia
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guibin Huang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xule Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liju Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
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Shah P, Aghazadeh M, Rajasingh S, Dixon D, Jain V, Rajasingh J. Stem cells in regenerative dentistry: Current understanding and future directions. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:288-299. [PMID: 38403241 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative dentistry aims to enhance the structure and function of oral tissues and organs. Modern tissue engineering harnesses cell and gene-based therapies to advance traditional treatment approaches. Studies have demonstrated the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative dentistry, with some progressing to clinical trials. This review comprehensively examines animal studies that have utilized MSCs for various therapeutic applications. Additionally, it seeks to bridge the gap between related findings and the practical implementation of MSC therapies, offering insights into the challenges and translational aspects involved in transitioning from preclinical research to clinical applications. HIGHLIGHTS To achieve this objective, we have focused on the protocols and achievements related to pulp-dentin, alveolar bone, and periodontal regeneration using dental-derived MSCs in both animal and clinical studies. Various types of MSCs, including dental-derived cells, bone-marrow stem cells, and umbilical cord stem cells, have been employed in root canals, periodontal defects, socket preservation, and sinus lift procedures. Results of such include significant hard tissue reconstruction, functional pulp regeneration, root elongation, periodontal ligament formation, and cementum deposition. However, cell-based treatments for tooth and periodontium regeneration are still in early stages. The increasing demand for stem cell therapies in personalized medicine underscores the need for scientists and responsible organizations to develop standardized treatment protocols that adhere to good manufacturing practices, ensuring high reproducibility, safety, and cost-efficiency. CONCLUSION Cell therapy in regenerative dentistry represents a growing industry with substantial benefits and unique challenges as it strives to establish sustainable, long-term, and effective oral tissue regeneration solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shah
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marziyeh Aghazadeh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Douglas Dixon
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vinay Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Liu K, Li W, Yu S, Li G, Ye L, Gao B. An innovative cell-based transplantation therapy for an immature permanent tooth in an adult: a case report. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:646. [PMID: 38824565 PMCID: PMC11143573 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immature teeth with necrotic pulps present multiple challenges to clinicians. In such cases, regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) may be a favorable strategy. Cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and signaling molecules are three key elements of REPs. Autologous human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) play an important role in pulp regeneration. In addition, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have recently been demonstrated as effective biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative dentistry, whereas the latest generation of APCs-concentrated growth factor (CGF), especially liquid phase CGF (LPCGF)-has rarely been reported in REPs. CASE PRESENTATION A 31-year-old woman presented to our clinic with the chief complaint of occlusion discomfort in the left mandibular posterior region for the past 5 years. Tooth #35 showed no pulp vitality and had a periodontal lesion, and radiographic examination revealed that the tooth exhibited extensive periapical radiolucency with an immature apex and thin dentin walls. REP was implemented via transplantation of autologous hDPCs with the aid of LPCGF. The periodontal lesion was managed with simultaneous periodontal surgery. After the treatment, the tooth was free of any clinical symptoms and showed positive results in thermal and electric pulp tests at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. At 12-month follow-up, radiographic evidence and three-dimensional models, which were reconstructed using Mimics software based on cone-beam computed tomography, synergistically confirmed bone augmentation and continued root development, indicating complete disappearance of the periapical radiolucency, slight lengthening of the root, evident thickening of the canal walls, and closure of the apex. CONCLUSION hDPCs combined with LPCGF represents an innovative and effective strategy for cell-based regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dentistry and Endodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dentistry and Endodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dentistry and Endodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dentistry and Endodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dentistry and Endodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dentistry and Endodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Klinaki E, Ogrodnik M. In the land of not-unhappiness: On the state-of-the-art of targeting aging and age-related diseases by biomedical research. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111929. [PMID: 38561164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the Land of Not-Unhappiness refers to the potential achievement of eliminating the pathologies of the aging process. To inform of how close we are to settling in the land, we summarize and review the achievements of research on anti-aging interventions over the last hundred years with a specific focus on strategies that slow down metabolism, compensate for aging-related losses, and target a broad range of age-related diseases. We critically evaluate the existing interventions labeled as "anti-aging," such as calorie restriction, exercise, stem cell administration, and senolytics, to provide a down-to-earth evaluation of their current applicability in counteracting aging. Throughout the text, we have maintained a light tone to make it accessible to non-experts in biogerontology, and provide a broad overview for those considering conducting studies, research, or seeking to understand the scientific basis of anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Klinaki
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Xie Z, Zhan P, Zhang X, Huang S, Shi X, Lin Z, Gao X. Providing biomimetic microenvironment for pulp regeneration via hydrogel-mediated sustained delivery of tissue-specific developmental signals. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101102. [PMID: 38883420 PMCID: PMC11176926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic therapy is a promising approach to restore the vitality of necrotic teeth, however, pulp regeneration in mature permanent teeth remains a substantial challenge due to insufficient developmental signals. The dentin is embryologically and histologically similar to the pulp, which contains a cocktail of pulp-specific structural proteins and growth factors, thus we proposed an optimizing strategy to obtain dentin matrix extracted proteins (DMEP) and engineered a DMEP functionalized double network hydrogel, whose physicochemical property was tunable by adjusting polymer concentrations to synchronize with regenerated tissues. In vitro models showed that the biomimetic hydrogel with sustained release of DMEP provided a beneficial microenvironment for the encapsulation, propagation and migration of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation of hDPSCs were enhanced as well. To elicit the mechanism hidden in the microenvironment to guide cell fate, RNA sequencing was performed and 109 differential expression of genes were identified, the majority of which enriched in cell metabolism, cell differentiation and intercellular communications. The involvement of ERK, p38 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways in the process was confirmed. Of note, in vivo models showed that the injectable and in situ photo-crosslinkable hydrogel was user-friendly for root canal systems and was capable of inducing the regeneration of highly organized and vascularized pulp-like tissues in root segments that subcutaneously implanted into nude mice. Taken together, this study reported a facile and efficient way to fabricate a cell delivery hydrogel with pulp-specific developmental cues, which exhibited promising application and translation potential in future regenerative endodontic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Peimeng Zhan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xianling Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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46
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Zheng C, Jiang P, Hu S, Tang Y, Dou L. Characterization of cells in blood evoked from periapical tissues in immature teeth with pulp necrosis and their potential for autologous cell therapy in Regenerative Endodontics. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 162:105957. [PMID: 38471313 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to isolate, characterize progenitor cells from blood in the root canals of necrotic immature permanent teeth evoked from periapical tissues and evaluate the applicable potential of these isolated cells in Regenerative Endodontics. DESIGN Ten necrotic immature permanent teeth from seven patients were included. Evoked bleeding from periapical tissues was induced after chemical instrumentation of the root canals. Cells were isolated from the canal blood and evaluated for cell surface marker expression, multilineage differentiation potential, proliferation ability, and target protein expression. Cell sheets formed from these cells were transferred into human root segments, and then transplanted into nude mice. Histological examination was performed after eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc comparison, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS The isolated cells exhibited characteristics typical of fibroblastic cells with colony-forming efficiency, and displayed Ki67 positivity and robust proliferation. Flow cytometry data demonstrated that at passage 3, these cells were positive for CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, and negative for CD34 and CD45. Vimentin expression indicated a mesenchymal origin. Under differentiation media specific differentiation media, the cells demonstrated osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Subcutaneous root canals with cell sheets of isolated cells in nude mice showed the formation of pulp-like tissues. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the presence of progenitor cells in root canals following evoked bleeding from periapical tissues of necrotic immature teeth. Isolated cells exhibited similar immunophenotype and regenerative potential with dental mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative endodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Zheng
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiru Jiang
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Hu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Tang
- School of Dental Medicine Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Lei Dou
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu J, de Souza Araujo I, Bahammam L, Munn L, Huang G. Neovascularization by DPSC-ECs in a Tube Model for Pulp Regeneration Study. J Dent Res 2024; 103:652-661. [PMID: 38716736 PMCID: PMC11122093 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241236392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of neovascularization during cell-based pulp regeneration is difficult to study. Here we developed a tube model that simulates root canal space and allows direct visualization of the vascularization process in vitro. Endothelial-like cells (ECs) derived from guiding human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into expressing endothelial cell markers CD144, vWF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 were used. Human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs) were used as a positive control. DPSC-ECs formed tubules on Matrigel similar to hMVECs. Cells were mixed in fibrinogen/thrombin or mouse blood and seeded into wells of 96-well plates or injected into a tapered plastic tube (14 mm in length and 1 or 2 mm diameter of the apex opening) with the larger end sealed with MTA to simulate root canal space. Cells/gels in wells or tubes were incubated for various times in vitro and observed under the microscope for morphological changes. Samples were then fixed and processed for histological analysis to determine vessel formation. Vessel-like networks were observed in culture from 1 to 3 d after cell seeding. Cells/gels in 96-well plates were maintained up to 25 d. Histologically, both hMVECs and DPSC-ECs in 96-well plates or tubes showed intracellular vacuole formation. Some cells showed merged large vacuoles indicating the lumenization. Tubular structures were also observed resembling blood vessels. Cells appeared healthy throughout the tube except some samples (1 mm apical diameter) in the coronal third. Histological analysis also showed pulp-like soft tissue throughout the tube samples with vascular-like structures. hMVECs formed larger vascular lumen size than DPSC-ECs while the latter tended to have more lumen and tubular structure counts. We conclude that DPSC-ECs can form vascular structures and sustained in the 3-dimensional fibrin gel system in vitro. The tube model appears to be a proper and simple system simulating the root canal space for vascular formation and pulp regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhang
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J. Liu
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - I.J. de Souza Araujo
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L. Bahammam
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia*
| | - L.L. Munn
- Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - G.T.J. Huang
- Departments of Bioscience Research and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Mello DB, Mesquita FCP, Silva dos Santos D, Asensi KD, Dias ML, Campos de Carvalho AC, Goldenberg RCDS, Kasai-Brunswick TH. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Products: Challenges and Clinical Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6063. [PMID: 38892249 PMCID: PMC11173248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are being tried in a vast range of clinical applications. These cells can be isolated from different donor tissues by using several methods, or they can even be derived from induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells. However, ATMP heterogeneity may impact product identity and potency, and, consequently, clinical trial outcomes. In this review, we discuss these topics and the need to establish minimal criteria regarding the manufacturing of MSCs so that these innovative therapeutics may be better positioned to contribute to the advancement of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora B. Mello
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.B.M.); (A.C.C.d.C.)
| | | | - Danúbia Silva dos Santos
- Center of Cellular Technology, National Institute of Cardiology, INC, Rio de Janeiro 22240-002, Brazil;
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.D.A.); (R.C.d.S.G.)
| | - Karina Dutra Asensi
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.D.A.); (R.C.d.S.G.)
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Marlon Lemos Dias
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.B.M.); (A.C.C.d.C.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.D.A.); (R.C.d.S.G.)
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Regina Coeli dos Santos Goldenberg
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.D.A.); (R.C.d.S.G.)
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Tais Hanae Kasai-Brunswick
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.B.M.); (A.C.C.d.C.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (K.D.A.); (R.C.d.S.G.)
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
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Lu H, Mu Q, Ku W, Zheng Y, Yi P, Lin L, Li P, Wang B, Wu J, Yu D, Zhao W. Functional extracellular vesicles from SHEDs combined with gelatin methacryloyl promote the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs for pulp regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:265. [PMID: 38760763 PMCID: PMC11102175 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulp regeneration is a novel approach for the treatment of immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis. This technique includes the combination of stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. Recently, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new methodology for pulp regeneration. Emerging evidence has proven that preconditioning is an effective scheme to modify EVs for better therapeutic potency. Meanwhile, proper scaffolding is of great significance to protect EVs from rapid clearance and destruction. This investigation aims to fabricate an injectable hydrogel loaded with EVs from pre-differentiated stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and examine their effects on pulp regeneration. RESULTS We successfully employed the odontogenic induction medium (OM) of SHEDs to generate functional EV (OM-EV). The OM-EV at a concentration of 20 µg/mL was demonstrated to promote the proliferation and migration of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The results revealed that OM-EV has a better potential to promote odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs than common EVs (CM-EV) in vitro through Alizarin red phalloidin, alkaline phosphatase staining, and assessment of the expression of odontogenic-related markers. High-throughput sequencing suggests that the superior effects of OM-EV may be attributed to activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Simultaneously, we prepared a photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to construct an OM-EV-encapsulated hydrogel. The hydrogel exhibited sustained release of OM-EV and good biocompatibility for DPSCs. The released OM-EV from the hydrogel could be internalized by DPSCs, thereby enhancing their survival and migration. In tooth root slices that were subcutaneously transplanted in nude mice, the OM-EV-encapsulated hydrogel was found to facilitate dentinogenesis. After 8 weeks, there was more formation of mineralized tissue, as well as higher levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1). CONCLUSIONS The effects of EV can be substantially enhanced by preconditioning of SHEDs. The functional EVs from SHEDs combined with GelMA are capable of effectively promoting dentinogenesis through upregulating the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, which provides a promising therapeutic approach for pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Weili Ku
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yexin Zheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Pei Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Boqun Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Adamičková A, Kyselovic J, Adamička M, Chomaničová N, Valášková S, Šalingová B, Molitorisová M, Červenák Z, Danišovič Ľ, Gažová A. Effects of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac Pre-Treatment on Viability and Apoptosis Processes in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:787. [PMID: 38792973 PMCID: PMC11123081 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Stem cell-based regeneration strategies have shown therapeutic efficacy in various fields of regenerative medicine. These include bone healing after bone augmentation, often complicated by pain, which is managed by using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, information is limited about how NSAIDs affect the therapeutic potential of stem cells. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effects of ibuprofen and diclofenac on the characteristics, morphology, and immunophenotype of human mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the dental pulp (DPSCs) and cultured in vitro, as well as their effects on the expression of angiogenic growth factors (VEGFA and HGF) and selected genes in apoptosis signalling pathways (BAX, BAK, CASP3, CASP9, and BCL2). Results: Ibuprofen and diclofenac significantly reduced the viability of DPSCs, while the expression of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers was unaffected. Both ibuprofen and diclofenac treatment significantly upregulated the expression of HGF, while the expression of VEGFA remained unchanged. Ibuprofen significantly altered the expression of several apoptosis-related genes, including the upregulation of CASP9 and BCL2, with decreased CASP3 expression. BAK, CASP3, CASP9, and BCL2 expressions were significantly increased in the diclofenac-treated DPSCs, while no difference was demonstrated in BAX expression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that concomitant use of the NSAIDs ibuprofen or diclofenac with stem cell therapy may negatively impact cell viability and alter the expression of apoptosis-related genes, affecting the efficacy of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adamičková
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Adamička
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.A.)
| | - Nikola Chomaničová
- International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Lamačská cesta 7315/8A, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Valášková
- International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Lamačská cesta 7315/8A, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Šalingová
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Molitorisová
- International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Lamačská cesta 7315/8A, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Červenák
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Danišovič
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.A.)
| | - Andrea Gažová
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
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