1
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Le Floch AC, Orlanducci F, Béné MC, Ben Amara A, Rouviere MS, Salem N, Le Roy A, Cordier C, Demerlé C, Granjeaud S, Hamel JF, Ifrah N, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Delaunay J, Récher C, Delabesse E, Pigneux A, Vey N, Chretien AS, Olive D. Low frequency of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells predicts poor survival in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:4262-4275. [PMID: 38788176 PMCID: PMC11372596 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In several tumor subtypes, an increased infiltration of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells has been shown to have the highest prognostic value compared with other immune subsets. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), similar findings have been based solely on the inference of transcriptomic data and have not been assessed with respect to confounding factors. This study aimed at determining, by immunophenotypic analysis (flow or mass cytometry) of peripheral blood from patients with AML at diagnosis, the prognostic impact of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell frequency. This was adjusted for potential confounders (age at diagnosis, disease status, European LeukemiaNet classification, leukocytosis, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a time-dependent covariate). The cohort was composed of 198 patients with newly diagnosed (ND) AML. By univariate analysis, patients with lower Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at diagnosis had significantly lower 5-year overall and relapse-free survivals. These results were confirmed in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.30]; P = .030 and HR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.06-2.53]; P = .025). Immunophenotypic alterations observed in patients with lower Vγ9Vδ2 T cells included a loss of some cytotoxic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subsets and a decreased expression of butyrophilin 3A on the surface of blasts. Samples expanded regardless of their Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell levels and displayed similar effector functions in vitro. This study confirms the prognostic value of elevated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells among lymphocytes in patients with ND AML. These results provide a strong rationale to consider consolidation protocols aiming at enhancing Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell responses.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Male
- Adult
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Aged
- Prognosis
- Immunophenotyping
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Aged, 80 and over
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Le Floch
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Orlanducci
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Amira Ben Amara
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Sarah Rouviere
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Nassim Salem
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Aude Le Roy
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Cordier
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Demerlé
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- Systems Biology Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Hamel
- Département de Biostatistiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- Département d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Université d'Angers, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Intégrée Nantes Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Jacques Delaunay
- Département d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Département d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopôle, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopôle, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Département d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Département d'hématologie, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chretien
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Equipe Immunité et Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105, Marseille, France
- Plateforme d'immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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2
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Bottino C, Picant V, Vivier E, Castriconi R. Natural killer cells and engagers: Powerful weapons against cancer. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39180430 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effectors whose functions rely on receptors binding cytokines, recognizing self-molecules, or detecting danger signals expressed by virus-infected or tumor cells. The potent cytotoxic potential makes NK cells promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. To enhance their activity strategies include cytokine administration, blocking of immune checkpoints, and designing of antibody-based NK cell engagers (NKCEs). NKCEs represent a cutting-edge approach to cancer therapy: they strengthen the NK-to-target cell interactions and optimize tumor killing, possibly overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. NK cells belong to the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and are categorized into different subsets also including cells with a memory-like phenotype: this complexity needs to be explored in the context of cancer immunotherapy, particularly when designing NKCEs. Two strategies to enhance NK cell activity in cancer patients can be adopted: activating patients' own NK cells versus the adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated NK cells. Furthermore, the capability of NKCEs to activate γδ T cells could have a significant synergistic effect in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bottino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentin Picant
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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3
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Herrmann T, Karunakaran MM. Phosphoantigen recognition by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451068. [PMID: 39148158 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells comprise 1-10% of human peripheral blood T cells. As multifunctional T cells with a strong antimicrobial and antitumor potential, they are of strong interest for immunotherapeutic development. Their hallmark is the eponymous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), which mediates activation by so-called "phosphoantigens" (PAg). PAg are small pyrophosphorylated intermediates of isoprenoid synthesis of microbial or host origin, with the latter elevated in some tumors and after administration of aminobisphosphonates. This review summarizes the progress in understanding PAg-recognition, with emphasis on the interaction between butyrophilins (BTN) and PAg and insights gained by phylogenetic studies on BTNs and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, especially the comparison of human and alpaca. It proposes a composite ligand model in which BTN3A1-A2/A3-heteromers and BTN2A1 homodimers form a Vγ9Vδ2 TCR activating complex. An initiating step is the binding of PAg to the intracellular BTN3A1-B30.2 domain and formation of a complex with the B30.2 domains of BTN2A1. On the extracellular surface this results in BTN2A1-IgV binding to Vγ9-TCR framework determinants and BTN3A-IgV to additional complementarity determining regions of both TCR chains. Unresolved questions of this model are discussed, as well as questions on the structural basis and the physiological consequences of PAg-recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Dept of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Stary V, Pandey RV, List J, Kleissl L, Deckert F, Kabiljo J, Laengle J, Gerakopoulos V, Oehler R, Watzke L, Farlik M, Lukowski SW, Vogt AB, Stary G, Stockinger H, Bergmann M, Pilat N. Dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating Vδ1 + T lymphocytes in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6949. [PMID: 39138181 PMCID: PMC11322529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although γδ T cells are known to participate in immune dysregulation in solid tumors, their relevance to human microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is still undefined. Here, using integrated gene expression analysis and T cell receptor sequencing, we characterized γδ T cells in MSS CRC, with a focus on Vδ1 + T cells. We identified Vδ1+ T cells with shared motifs in the third complementarity-determining region of the δ-chain, reflective of antigen recognition. Changes in gene and protein expression levels suggested a dysfunctional effector state of Vδ1+ T cells in MSS CRC, distinct from Vδ1+ T cells in microsatellite-instable (MSI). Interaction analysis highlighted an immunosuppressive role of fibroblasts in the dysregulation of Vδ1+ T cells in MSS CRC via the TIGIT-NECTIN2 axis. Blocking this pathway with a TIGIT antibody partially restored cytotoxicity of the dysfunctional Vδ1 phenotype. These results define an operative pathway in γδ T cells in MSS CRC.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Microsatellite Instability
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Female
- Male
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Complementarity Determining Regions/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stary
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ram V Pandey
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia List
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Kleissl
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Deckert
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julijan Kabiljo
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Laengle
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasileios Gerakopoulos
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Watzke
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel W Lukowski
- Department of Human Cancer Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmBH & Co KG., Dr. Boehringer Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne B Vogt
- Department of Human Cancer Immunology, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmBH & Co KG., Dr. Boehringer Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Boutin L, Barjon C, Chauvet M, Lafrance L, Senechal E, Bourges D, Vigne E, Scotet E. Camelid-derived Tcell engagers harnessing human γδ T cells as promising antitumor immunotherapeutic agents. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350773. [PMID: 38804118 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a surge in developing immunotherapies to enhance the immune system's ability to eliminate tumor cells. Bispecific antibodies known as T cell engagers (TCEs) present an attractive strategy in this pursuit. TCEs aim to guide cytotoxic T cells toward tumor cells, thereby inducing a strong activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis. In this study, we investigated the activity of different TCEs on both conventional alpha-beta (αβ) T cells and unconventional gamma delta (γδ) T cells. TCEs were built using camelid single-domain antibodies (VHHs) targeting the tumor-associated antigen CEACAM5 (CEA), together with T cell receptor chains or a CD3 domain. We show that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display stronger in vitro antitumor activity than αβ T cells when stimulated with a CD3xCEA TCE. Furthermore, restricting the activation of fresh human peripheral T cells to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells limited the production of protumor factors and proinflammatory cytokines, commonly associated with toxicity in patients. Taken together, our findings provide further insights that γδ T cell-specific TCEs hold promise as specific, effective, and potentially safe molecules to improve antitumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Boutin
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- Sanofi, Large Molecule Research, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Morgane Chauvet
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- Sanofi, Oncology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laura Lafrance
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Eric Senechal
- Sanofi, Large Molecule Research, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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6
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Arias-Badia M, Chang R, Fong L. γδ T cells as critical anti-tumor immune effectors. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:1145-1157. [PMID: 39060435 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
While the effector cells that mediate anti-tumor immunity have historically been attributed to αβ T cells and natural killer cells, γδ T cells are now being recognized as a complementary mechanism mediating tumor rejection. γδ T cells possess a host of functions ranging from antigen presentation to regulatory function and, importantly, have critical roles in eliciting anti-tumor responses where other immune effectors may be rendered ineffective. Recent discoveries have elucidated how these differing functions are mediated by γδ T cells with specific T cell receptors and spatial distribution. Their relative resistance to mechanisms of dysfunction like T cell exhaustion has spurred the development of therapeutic approaches exploiting γδ T cells, and an improved understanding of these cells should enable more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Arias-Badia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Paniagua-Herranz L, Díaz-Tejeiro C, Sanvicente A, Bartolomé J, Nieto-Jiménez C, Ocana A. Overcoming limitations for antibody-based therapies targeting γδ T (Vg9Vd2) cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1432015. [PMID: 39144149 PMCID: PMC11321970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1432015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies targeting non-adaptive immune cells are currently in clinical development. γδT cells are a small subtype of T cells (1-10% of total T cells) that mediate their effector function without the necessity of the antigen presenting machinery, and also share functional properties with innate cells. Among the different γδT subtypes, antibodies against Vγ9Vδ2T have reported signs of clinical efficacy in early clinical studies. In this review we describe the biology of this subtype of non-conventional T cells and provide insights into the mechanism of action of novel antibodies that activate these cells. We will focus on antibodies targeting the BTN3A ligand and bi-specific γδT cell engagers. We will review in detail the advantages of these strategies including the potential for overcoming mechanisms of resistance to check point inhibitors, or the much more adequate safety profile compared with agents activating classical T cells. Limitations identified during the first studies in humans and strategies to overcome them will be revised and discussed. Finally, clinical options for future clinical development will be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz-Tejeiro
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Sanvicente
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bartolomé
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC) Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Xu J, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Dai H, Yang Q, Wang B, Ma Q, Chen Y, Xu F, Shi X, Liu Z, Wang C. Oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles improves cancer immunotherapy by inducing intestinal IFNγ-producing γδ T cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01722-1. [PMID: 39054386 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cell-based cancer immunotherapies represent a promising avenue for cancer treatment. However, their development is challenged by the limited expansion and differentiation of the cells ex vivo. Here we induced the endogenous expansion and activation of γδ T cells through oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles (GNPs). We found that GNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and activation of endogenous γδ T cells in the intestine, leading to generation of large amount of interferon-γ (IFNγ). Moreover GNP-treated mice showed increased levels of chemokine CXCR3 in intestinal γδ T cells, which can drive their migration from the gut to the tumour environment. The translocation of γδ T cells and IFNγ from the intestine to extraintestinal subcutaneous tumours remodels the tumour immune microenvironment and synergizes with anti-PD-L1, inducing robust antitumour immunity. Our study delineates mechanistic insight into the complex gut-tumour interactome and provides an alternative approach for γδ T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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9
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Mehdikhani F, Bahar A, Bashi M, Mohammadlou M, Yousefi B. From immunomodulation to therapeutic prospects: Unveiling the biology of butyrophilins in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4081. [PMID: 38934382 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Butyrophilin (BTN) proteins are a type of membrane protein that belongs to the Ig superfamily. They exhibit a high degree of structural similarity to molecules in the B7 family. They fulfill a complex function in regulating immune responses, including immunomodulatory roles, as they influence γδ T cells. The biology of BTN molecules indicates that they are capable of inhibiting the immune system's ability to detect antigens within tumors. A dynamic association between BTN molecules and cellular surfaces is also recognized in specific contexts, influencing their biology. Notably, the dynamism of BTN3A1 is associated with the immunosuppression of T cells or the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Cancer immunotherapy relies heavily on T cells to modulate immune function within the intricate interaction of the tumor microenvironment (TME). A significant interaction between the TME and antitumor immunity involves the presence of BTN, which should be taken into account when developing immunotherapy. This review explores potential therapeutic applications of BTN molecules, based on the current understanding of their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehdikhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysa Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bashi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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10
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Kabelitz D, Cierna L, Juraske C, Zarobkiewicz M, Schamel WW, Peters C. Empowering γδ T-cell functionality with vitamin C. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2451028. [PMID: 38616772 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for various enzymes including histone demethylases and methylcytosine dioxygenases. Vitamin C also exerts direct cytotoxicity toward selected tumor cells including colorectal carcinoma. Moreover, vitamin C has been shown to impact immune cell differentiation at various levels including maturation and/or functionality of T cells and their progenitors, dendritic cells, B cells, and NK cells. γδ T cells have recently attracted great interest as effector cells for cell-based cancer immunotherapy, due to their HLA-independent recognition of a large variety of tumor cells. While γδ T cells can thus be also applied as an allogeneic off-the-shelf product, it is obvious that the effector function of γδ T cells needs to be optimized to ensure the best possible clinical efficacy. Here we review the immunomodulatory mechanisms of vitamin C with a special focus on how vitamin C enhances the effector function of γδ T cells. We also discuss future directions of how vitamin C can be used in the clinical setting to boost the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Cierna
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Juraske
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michal Zarobkiewicz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Kabelitz D, Yin Z. Immunotherapy with γδ T-cells: the future is there. Immunotherapy 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38940301 DOI: 10.1080/1750743x.2024.2365622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis & Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules & Druggability Assessment, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention & Control, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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12
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Liu J, Wu M, Yang Y, Wang Z, He S, Tian X, Wang H. γδ T cells and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis: a love-hate relationship in the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:553. [PMID: 38858763 PMCID: PMC11163710 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxicity against diverse cancer cell types in an MHC-independent manner, rendering them promising contenders for cancer therapy. Although amplification and adoptive transfer of γδ T cells are being evaluated in the clinic, their therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory, primarily due to the influence of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, the utilization of targeted therapeutic antibodies against inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules is a viable approach to counteract the immunosuppressive consequences of the TME. Notably, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors are considered primary treatment options for diverse malignancies, with the objective of preserving the response of αβ T cells. However, γδ T cells also infiltrate various human cancers and are important participants in cancer immunity, thereby influencing patient prognosis. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend the reciprocal impact of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis on γδ T cells. This understanding can serve as a therapeutic foundation for improving γδ T cells adoptive transfer therapy and may offer a novel avenue for future combined immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Inoue Y, Oda A, Maeda Y, Sumitani R, Oura M, Sogabe K, Maruhashi T, Takahashi M, Fujii S, Nakamura S, Miki H, Hiasa M, Teramachi J, Harada T, Abe M. Ex vivo expansion and activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by CELMoDs in combination with zoledronic acid. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:626-630. [PMID: 38581458 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
As multiple myeloma (MM) progresses, immune effector cells decrease in number and function and become exhausted. This remains an insurmountable clinical issue that must be addressed by development of novel modalities to revitalize anti-MM immunity. Human Vγ9Vδ2 T (Vδ2+ γδ T) cells serve as the first line of defense against pathogens as well as tumors and can be expanded ex vivo from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon treatment with amino-bisphosphonates in combination with IL-2. Here, we demonstrated that next-generation immunomodulators called cereblon E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs), as well as lenalidomide and pomalidomide, expanded Th1-like Vδ2+ γδ T cells from PBMCs in the presence of zoledronic acid (ZA). However, the expansion of Th1-like Vδ2+ γδ T cells by these immunomodulatory drugs was abolished under IL-2 blockade, although IL-2 production was induced in PBMCs. BTN3A1 triggers phosphoantigen presentation to γδ T-cell receptors and is required for γδ T-cell expansion and activation. ZA but not these immunomodulatory drugs upregulated BTN3A1 in monocytes. These results suggest that immunomodulatory drugs and ZA have cooperative roles in expansion of Th1-like Vδ2+ γδ T cells, and provide the important knowledge for clinical application of human Vδ2+ γδ T cells as effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Medical Technology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yusaku Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sumitani
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kimiko Sogabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maruhashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima, 770-0011, Japan.
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14
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Xu L, Chen F, Fan W, Saito S, Cao D. The role of γδT lymphocytes in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369202. [PMID: 38774876 PMCID: PMC11106432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis poses a significant threat to human health, impacting overall well-being and imposing substantial financial burdens. Current treatment strategies mainly focus on managing low-density lipids (LDL) and optimizing liver functions. However, it's crucial to recognize that Atherosclerosis involves more than just lipid accumulation; it entails a complex interplay of immune responses. Research highlights the pivotal role of lipid-laden macrophages in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These macrophages attract lymphocytes like CD4 and CD8 to the inflamed site, potentially intensifying the inflammatory response. γδ T lymphocytes, with their diverse functions in innate and adaptive immune responses, pathogen defense, antigen presentation, and inflammation regulation, have been implicated in the early stages of Atherosclerosis. However, our understanding of the roles of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis remains limited. This mini-review aims to shed light on the characteristics and functions of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis. By gaining insights into the roles of γδ T cells, we may uncover a promising strategy to mitigate plaque buildup and dampen the inflammatory response, thereby opening new avenues for effectively managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiMin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Wu Z, Lamao Q, Gu M, Jin X, Liu Y, Tian F, Yu Y, Yuan P, Gao S, Fulford TS, Uldrich AP, Wong CC, Wei W. Unsynchronized butyrophilin molecules dictate cancer cell evasion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell killing. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:362-373. [PMID: 38374404 PMCID: PMC10978999 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are specialized effector cells that have gained prominence as immunotherapy agents due to their ability to target and kill cells with altered pyrophosphate metabolites. In our effort to understand how cancer cells evade the cell-killing activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, we performed a comprehensive genome-scale CRISPR screening of cancer cells. We found that four molecules belonging to the butyrophilin (BTN) family, specifically BTN2A1, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, are critically important and play unique, nonoverlapping roles in facilitating the destruction of cancer cells by primary Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The coordinated function of these BTN molecules was driven by synchronized gene expression, which was regulated by IFN-γ signaling and the RFX complex. Additionally, an enzyme called QPCTL was shown to play a key role in modifying the N-terminal glutamine of these BTN proteins and was found to be a crucial factor in Vγ9Vδ2 T cell killing of cancer cells. Through our research, we offer a detailed overview of the functional genomic mechanisms that underlie how cancer cells escape Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Moreover, our findings shed light on the importance of the harmonized expression and function of gene family members in modulating T-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Wu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qiezhong Lamao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Meichao Gu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- EdiGene Inc., Life Science Park, Changping District, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaixin Gao
- Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas S Fulford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Cl Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Clinical Research Institute, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Wensheng Wei
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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16
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Yuan M, Wang W, Hawes I, Han J, Yao Z, Bertaina A. Advancements in γδT cell engineering: paving the way for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360237. [PMID: 38576617 PMCID: PMC10991697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Comprising only 1-10% of the circulating T cell population, γδT cells play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy due to their unique amalgamation of innate and adaptive immune features. These cells can secrete cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and can directly eliminate tumor cells through mechanisms like Fas/FasL and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Unlike conventional αβT cells, γδT cells can target a wide variety of cancer cells independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation and function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Their ability of recognizing antigens in a non-MHC restricted manner makes them an ideal candidate for allogeneic immunotherapy. Additionally, γδT cells exhibit specific tissue tropism, and rapid responsiveness upon reaching cellular targets, indicating a high level of cellular precision and adaptability. Despite these capabilities, the therapeutic potential of γδT cells has been hindered by some limitations, including their restricted abundance, unsatisfactory expansion, limited persistence, and complex biology and plasticity. To address these issues, gene-engineering strategies like the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy, T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer, and the combination with γδT cell engagers are being explored. This review will outline the progress in various engineering strategies, discuss their implications and challenges that lie ahead, and the future directions for engineered γδT cells in both monotherapy and combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjun Wang
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Wang, ; Alice Bertaina,
| | | | | | | | - Alice Bertaina
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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17
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Jullien M, Guillaume T, Le Bourgeois A, Peterlin P, Garnier A, Eveillard M, Le Bris Y, Bouzy S, Tessoulin B, Gastinne T, Dubruille V, Touzeau C, Mahé B, Blin N, Lok A, Vantyghem S, Sortais C, Antier C, Moreau P, Scotet E, Béné MC, Chevallier P. Phase I study of zoledronic acid combined with escalated doses of interleukine-2 for early in vivo generation of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells after haploidentical stem cell transplant with posttransplant cyclophosphamide. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:350-359. [PMID: 38165016 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The presence of donor Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (h-HSCT) has been associated with improved disease-free survival. These cells kill tumor cells in a non-MHC restricted manner, do not induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and can be generated by stimulation with zoledronic acid (ZA) in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2). This monocentric phase I, open-label, dose-escalating study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03862833) aimed at evaluating the safety and possibility to generate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells early after h-HSCT. It applied a standard 3 + 3 protocol to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of increasing low-doses of IL-2 (5 days [d] per week, 4 weeks) in combination with a single dose of ZA, starting both the first Monday after d + 15 posttransplant. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell monitoring was performed by multiparameter flow cytometry on blood samples and compared with a control cohort of h-HSCT recipients. Twenty-six patients were included between April 2019 and September 2022, 16 of whom being ultimately treated and seven being controls who received h-HSCT only. At the three dose levels tested, 1, 0, and 1 dose-limiting toxicities were observed. MTD was not reached. A significantly higher number of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells was observed during IL-2 treatment compared with controls. In conclusion, early in vivo generation of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells is feasible after h-HSCT by using a combination of ZA and repeated IL-2 infusions. This study paves the way to a future phase 2 study, with the hope to document lesser posttransplant relapse with this particular adaptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jullien
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Guillaume
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | | | - Pierre Peterlin
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Alice Garnier
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Eveillard
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Yannick Le Bris
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Bouzy
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Benoît Tessoulin
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Gastinne
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Cyrille Touzeau
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Mahé
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Blin
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Lok
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Vantyghem
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Clara Sortais
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Chloé Antier
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Marie C Béné
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Patrice Chevallier
- Hematology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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18
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Rao A, Agrawal A, Borthakur G, Battula VL, Maiti A. Gamma delta T cells in acute myeloid leukemia: biology and emerging therapeutic strategies. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007981. [PMID: 38417915 PMCID: PMC10900322 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play an important role in disease control in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and have become an emerging area of therapeutic interest. These cells represent a minor population of T lymphocytes with intrinsic abilities to recognize antigens in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner and functionally straddle the innate and adaptive immunity interface. AML shows high expression of phosphoantigens and UL-16 binding proteins that activate the Vδ2 and Vδ1 subtypes of γδ T cells, respectively, leading to γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Insights from murine models and clinical data in humans show improved overall survival, leukemia-free survival, reduced risk of relapse, enhanced graft-versus-leukemia effect, and decreased graft-versus-host disease in patients with AML who have higher reconstitution of γδ T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical trials leveraging γδ T cell biology have used unmodified and modified allogeneic cells as well as bispecific engagers and monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we discuss γδ T cells' biology, roles in cancer and AML, and mechanisms of immune escape and antileukemia effect; we also discuss recent clinical advances related to γδ T cells in the field of AML therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adishwar Rao
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Akriti Agrawal
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Revesz IA, Joyce P, Ebert LM, Prestidge CA. Effective γδ T-cell clinical therapies: current limitations and future perspectives for cancer immunotherapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1492. [PMID: 38375329 PMCID: PMC10875631 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes, exhibiting features of both innate and adaptive immune cells and are involved with cancer immunosurveillance. They present an attractive alternative to conventional T cell-based immunotherapy due, in large part, to their lack of major histocompatibility (MHC) restriction and ability to secrete high levels of cytokines with well-known anti-tumour functions. To date, clinical trials using γδ T cell-based immunotherapy for a range of haematological and solid cancers have yielded limited success compared with in vitro studies. This inability to translate the efficacy of γδ T-cell therapies from preclinical to clinical trials is attributed to a combination of several factors, e.g. γδ T-cell agonists that are commonly used to stimulate populations of these cells have limited cellular uptake yet rely on intracellular mechanisms; administered γδ T cells display low levels of tumour-infiltration; and there is a gap in the understanding of γδ T-cell inhibitory receptors. This review explores the discrepancy between γδ T-cell clinical and preclinical performance and offers viable avenues to overcome these obstacles. Using more direct γδ T-cell agonists, encapsulating these agonists into lipid nanocarriers to improve their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and the use of combination therapies to overcome checkpoint inhibition and T-cell exhaustion are ways to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical success. Given the ability to overcome these limitations, the development of a more targeted γδ T-cell agonist-checkpoint blockade combination therapy has the potential for success in clinical trials which has to date remained elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Revesz
- Clinical Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Paul Joyce
- Clinical Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Lisa M Ebert
- Centre for Cancer BiologySA Pathology and University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Cancer Clinical Trials UnitRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSAAustralia
- School of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Clinical Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
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20
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Burke KP, Chaudhri A, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH. The B7:CD28 family and friends: Unraveling coinhibitory interactions. Immunity 2024; 57:223-244. [PMID: 38354702 PMCID: PMC10889489 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Immune responses must be tightly regulated to ensure both optimal protective immunity and tolerance. Costimulatory pathways within the B7:CD28 family provide essential signals for optimal T cell activation and clonal expansion. They provide crucial inhibitory signals that maintain immune homeostasis, control resolution of inflammation, regulate host defense, and promote tolerance to prevent autoimmunity. Tumors and chronic pathogens can exploit these pathways to evade eradication by the immune system. Advances in understanding B7:CD28 pathways have ushered in a new era of immunotherapy with effective drugs to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplant rejection. Here, we discuss current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the coinhibitory functions of CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1:B7-1 and PD-L2:RGMb interactions and less studied B7 family members, including HHLA2, VISTA, BTNL2, and BTN3A1, as well as their overlapping and unique roles in regulating immune responses, and the therapeutic potential of these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P Burke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Apoorvi Chaudhri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Wang C, Lai AY, Baiu DC, Smith KA, Odorico JS, Wilson K, Schreiber T, de Silva S, Gumperz JE. Analysis of Butyrophilin-Mediated Activation of γδ T Cells from Human Spleen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:284-294. [PMID: 37991420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in therapeutically engaging human γδ T cells. However, due to the unique TCRs of human γδ T cells, studies from animal models have provided limited directly applicable insights, and human γδ T cells from key immunological tissues remain poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated γδ T cells from human spleen tissue. Compared to blood, where Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells are the dominant subset, splenic γδ T cells included a variety of TCR types, with Vδ1+ T cells typically being the most frequent. Intracellular cytokine staining revealed that IFN-γ was produced by a substantial fraction of splenic γδ T cells, IL-17A by a small fraction, and IL-4 was minimal. Primary splenic γδ T cells frequently expressed NKG2D (NK group 2 member D) and CD16, whereas expression of DNAM-1 (DNAX accessory molecule 1), CD28, PD-1, TIGIT, and CD94 varied according to subset, and there was generally little expression of natural cytotoxicity receptors, TIM-3, LAG-3, or killer Ig-like receptors. In vitro expansion was associated with marked changes in expression of these activating and inhibitory receptors. Analysis of functional responses of spleen-derived Vδ2+Vγ9+, Vδ1+Vγ9+, and Vδ1+Vγ9- T cell lines to recombinant butyrophilin BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 demonstrated that both Vδ2+Vγ9+ and Vδ1+Vγ9+ T cells were capable of responding to the extracellular domain of BTN2A1, whereas the addition of BTN3A1 only markedly enhanced the responses of Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells. Conversely, Vδ1+Vγ9+ T cells appeared more responsive than Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells to TCR-independent NKG2D stimulation. Thus, despite shared recognition of BTN2A1, differential effects of BTN3A1 and coreceptors may segregate target cell responses of Vδ2+Vγ9+ and Vδ1+Vγ9+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | - Dana C Baiu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Kelsey A Smith
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Jon S Odorico
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | | | | | - Jenny E Gumperz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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22
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Hernández-López P, van Diest E, Brazda P, Heijhuurs S, Meringa A, Hoorens van Heyningen L, Riillo C, Schwenzel C, Zintchenko M, Johanna I, Nicolasen MJT, Cleven A, Kluiver TA, Millen R, Zheng J, Karaiskaki F, Straetemans T, Clevers H, de Bree R, Stunnenberg HG, Peng WC, Roodhart J, Minguet S, Sebestyén Z, Beringer DX, Kuball J. Dual targeting of cancer metabolome and stress antigens affects transcriptomic heterogeneity and efficacy of engineered T cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:88-101. [PMID: 38012415 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Few cancers can be targeted efficiently by engineered T cell strategies. Here, we show that γδ T cell antigen receptor (γδ TCR)-mediated cancer metabolome targeting can be combined with targeting of cancer-associated stress antigens (such as NKG2D ligands or CD277) through the addition of chimeric co-receptors. This strategy overcomes suboptimal γ9δ2 TCR engagement of αβ T cells engineered to express a defined γδ TCR (TEGs) and improves serial killing, proliferation and persistence of TEGs. In vivo, the NKG2D-CD28WT chimera enabled control only of liquid tumors, whereas the NKG2D-4-1BBCD28TM chimera prolonged persistence of TEGs and improved control of liquid and solid tumors. The CD277-targeting chimera (103-4-1BB) was the most optimal co-stimulation format, eradicating both liquid and solid tumors. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that NKG2D-4-1BBCD28TM and 103-4-1BB chimeras reprogram TEGs through NF-κB. Owing to competition with naturally expressed NKG2D in CD8+ TEGs, the NKG2D-4-1BBCD28TM chimera mainly skewed CD4+ TEGs toward adhesion, proliferation, cytotoxicity and less exhausted signatures, whereas the 103-4-1BB chimera additionally shaped the CD8+ subset toward a proliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hernández-López
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Brazda
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angelo Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren Hoorens van Heyningen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caroline Schwenzel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI) and Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina Zintchenko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI) and Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inez Johanna
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Cleven
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas A Kluiver
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosemary Millen
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Weng Chuan Peng
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Roodhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI) and Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zsolt Sebestyén
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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23
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Dong J, Holthaus D, Peters C, Koster S, Ehsani M, Quevedo-Olmos A, Berger H, Zarobkiewicz M, Mangler M, Gurumurthy RK, Hedemann N, Chumduri C, Kabelitz D, Meyer TF. γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against patient-derived healthy and cancer cervical organoids. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281646. [PMID: 38090581 PMCID: PMC10711208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women globally, primarily driven by high-risk papillomaviruses. However, the effectiveness of chemotherapy is limited, underscoring the potential of personalized immunotherapies. Patient-derived organoids, which possess cellular heterogeneity, proper epithelial architecture and functionality, and long-term propagation capabilities offer a promising platform for developing viable strategies. In addition to αβ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, γδ T cells represent an immune cell population with significant therapeutic potential against both hematologic and solid tumours. To evaluate the efficacy of γδ T cells in cervical cancer treatment, we generated patient-derived healthy and cancer ectocervical organoids. Furthermore, we examined transformed healthy organoids, expressing HPV16 oncogenes E6 and E7. We analysed the effector function of in vitro expanded γδ T cells upon co-culture with organoids. Our findings demonstrated that healthy cervical organoids were less susceptible to γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity compared to HPV-transformed organoids and cancerous organoids. To identify the underlying pathways involved in this observed cytotoxicity, we performed bulk-RNA sequencing on the organoid lines, revealing differences in DNA-damage and cell cycle checkpoint pathways, as well as transcription of potential γδ T cell ligands. We validated these results using immunoblotting and flow cytometry. We also demonstrated the involvement of BTN3A1 and BTN2A1, crucial molecules for γδ T cell activation, as well as differential expression of PDL1/CD274 in cancer, E6/E7+ and healthy organoids. Interestingly, we observed a significant reduction in cytotoxicity upon blocking MSH2, a protein involved in DNA mismatch-repair. In summary, we established a co-culture system of γδ T cells with cervical cancer organoids, providing a novel in vitro model to optimize innovative patient-specific immunotherapies for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxue Dong
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Holthaus
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koster
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marzieh Ehsani
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alvaro Quevedo-Olmos
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hilmar Berger
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Zarobkiewicz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mandy Mangler
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Vivantes Auguste Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gynaecology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nina Hedemann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cindrilla Chumduri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Infections, Carcinogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Biotechnology Section, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Meyer
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Yi M, Li T, Niu M, Mei Q, Zhao B, Chu Q, Dai Z, Wu K. Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:187. [PMID: 38008741 PMCID: PMC10680233 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers. However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive immunity, mainly by inhibiting immunosuppressive signaling with immune checkpoint blockade, or enhancing immunostimulatory signaling with bispecific T cell engager and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell. Although these agents have already achieved great success, only a tiny percentage of patients could benefit from immunotherapies. Actually, immunotherapy efficacy is determined by multiple components in the tumor microenvironment beyond adaptive immunity. Cells from the innate arm of the immune system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and unconventional T cells, also participate in cancer immune evasion and surveillance. Considering that the innate arm is the cornerstone of the antitumor immune response, utilizing innate immunity provides potential therapeutic options for cancer control. Up to now, strategies exploiting innate immunity, such as agonists of stimulator of interferon genes, CAR-macrophage or -natural killer cell therapies, metabolic regulators, and novel immune checkpoint blockade, have exhibited potent antitumor activities in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we summarize the latest insights into the potential roles of innate cells in antitumor immunity and discuss the advances in innate arm-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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26
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Li J, Feng H, Zhu J, Yang K, Zhang G, Gu Y, Shi T, Chen W. Gastric cancer derived exosomal THBS1 enhanced Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell function through activating RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway in a N6-methyladenosine methylation dependent manner. Cancer Lett 2023; 576:216410. [PMID: 37783390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T-cell-based immunotherapy has shown favorable safety and clinical response in patients with multiple types of cancer. However, its efficiency in treating patients with solid tumors remains limited. In the current study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer (GC) cell-derived exosomal THBS1 in the regulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We found that GC cell-derived exosomal THBS1 markedly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against GC cells and the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin and granzyme B in vitro and elevated the killing effects of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells on GC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, exosomal THBS1 could regulate METTL3-or IGF2BP2-mediated m6A modification, further activating the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Moreover, blocking the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway reversed the effects of exosomal THBS1 on the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In addition, THBS1 was expressed at low levels in GC tissues and was associated with an unfavorable prognosis in GC patients. In sum, our findings indicate that exosomal THBS1 derived from GC cells enhanced the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by activating the RIG-I-like signaling pathway in a m6A methylation-dependent manner. Targeting the exosomal THBS1/m6A/RIG-I axis may have important implications for GC immunotherapy based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kexi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Mamedov MR, Vedova S, Freimer JW, Sahu AD, Ramesh A, Arce MM, Meringa AD, Ota M, Chen PA, Hanspers K, Nguyen VQ, Takeshima KA, Rios AC, Pritchard JK, Kuball J, Sebestyen Z, Adams EJ, Marson A. CRISPR screens decode cancer cell pathways that trigger γδ T cell detection. Nature 2023; 621:188-195. [PMID: 37648854 PMCID: PMC11003766 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells are potent anticancer effectors with the potential to target tumours broadly, independent of patient-specific neoantigens or human leukocyte antigen background1-5. γδ T cells can sense conserved cell stress signals prevalent in transformed cells2,3, although the mechanisms behind the targeting of stressed target cells remain poorly characterized. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells-the most abundant subset of human γδ T cells4-recognize a protein complex containing butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) and BTN3A1 (refs. 6-8), a widely expressed cell surface protein that is activated by phosphoantigens abundantly produced by tumour cells. Here we combined genome-wide CRISPR screens in target cancer cells to identify pathways that regulate γδ T cell killing and BTN3A cell surface expression. The screens showed previously unappreciated multilayered regulation of BTN3A abundance on the cell surface and triggering of γδ T cells through transcription, post-translational modifications and membrane trafficking. In addition, diverse genetic perturbations and inhibitors disrupting metabolic pathways in the cancer cells, particularly ATP-producing processes, were found to alter BTN3A levels. This induction of both BTN3A and BTN2A1 during metabolic crises is dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Finally, small-molecule activation of AMPK in a cell line model and in patient-derived tumour organoids led to increased expression of the BTN2A1-BTN3A complex and increased Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor-mediated killing. This AMPK-dependent mechanism of metabolic stress-induced ligand upregulation deepens our understanding of γδ T cell stress surveillance and suggests new avenues available to enhance γδ T cell anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad R. Mamedov
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shane Vedova
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacob W. Freimer
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Avinash Das Sahu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Amrita Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maya M. Arce
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angelo D. Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mineto Ota
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peixin Amy Chen
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Hanspers
- Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Q. Nguyen
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne C. Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan K. Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erin J. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Yuan L, Ma X, Yang Y, Qu Y, Li X, Zhu X, Ma W, Duan J, Xue J, Yang H, Huang JW, Yi S, Zhang M, Cai N, Zhang L, Ding Q, Lai K, Liu C, Zhang L, Liu X, Yao Y, Zhou S, Li X, Shen P, Chang Q, Malwal SR, He Y, Li W, Chen C, Chen CC, Oldfield E, Guo RT, Zhang Y. Phosphoantigens glue butyrophilin 3A1 and 2A1 to activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Nature 2023; 621:840-848. [PMID: 37674084 PMCID: PMC10533412 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In both cancer and infections, diseased cells are presented to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells through an 'inside out' signalling process whereby structurally diverse phosphoantigen (pAg) molecules are sensed by the intracellular domain of butyrophilin BTN3A11-4. Here we show how-in both humans and alpaca-multiple pAgs function as 'molecular glues' to promote heteromeric association between the intracellular domains of BTN3A1 and the structurally similar butyrophilin BTN2A1. X-ray crystallography studies visualized that engagement of BTN3A1 with pAgs forms a composite interface for direct binding to BTN2A1, with various pAg molecules each positioned at the centre of the interface and gluing the butyrophilins with distinct affinities. Our structural insights guided mutagenesis experiments that led to disruption of the intracellular BTN3A1-BTN2A1 association, abolishing pAg-mediated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation. Analyses using structure-based molecular-dynamics simulations, 19F-NMR investigations, chimeric receptor engineering and direct measurement of intercellular binding force revealed how pAg-mediated BTN2A1 association drives BTN3A1 intracellular fluctuations outwards in a thermodynamically favourable manner, thereby enabling BTN3A1 to push off from the BTN2A1 ectodomain to initiate T cell receptor-mediated γδ T cell activation. Practically, we harnessed the molecular-glue model for immunotherapeutics design, demonstrating chemical principles for developing both small-molecule activators and inhibitors of human γδ T cell function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Butyrophilins/immunology
- Butyrophilins/metabolism
- Camelids, New World/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Yuan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqiang Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Qu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Xue
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Cai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Ding
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kecheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yirong Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Satish R Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuan He
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim (China), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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29
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Zlatareva I, Wu Y. Local γδ T cells: translating promise to practice in cancer immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:393-405. [PMID: 37311978 PMCID: PMC10403623 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid bench-to-bedside translation of basic immunology to cancer immunotherapy has revolutionised the clinical practice of oncology over the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting αβ T cells now offer durable remissions and even cures for some patients with hitherto treatment-refractory metastatic cancers. Unfortunately, these treatments only benefit a minority of patients and efforts to improve efficacy through combination therapies utilising αβ T cells have seen diminishing returns. Alongside αβ T cells and B cells, γδ T cells are a third lineage of adaptive lymphocytes. Less is known about these cells, and they remain relatively untested in cancer immunotherapy. Whilst preclinical evidence supports their utility, the few early-phase trials involving γδ T cells have failed to demonstrate convincing efficacy in solid cancers. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of how these cells are regulated, especially locally within tissues, and the potential for translation. In particular, we focus on the latest advances in the field of butyrophilin (BTN) and BTN-like (BTNL) regulation of γδ T cells and speculate on how these advances may address the limitations of historical approaches in utilising these cells, as well as how they may inform novel approaches in deploying these cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Zlatareva
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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30
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Li C, Zhang Y. Construction and validation of a cuproptosis-related five-lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis, immune response and drug sensitivity in breast cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:158. [PMID: 37422644 PMCID: PMC10329336 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in treatment, recurrence and mortality rates from breast cancer (BrCa) continue to rise, clinical effectiveness is limited, and prognosis remains disappointing, especially for patients with HER2-positive, triple-negative, or advanced breast cancer. Based on cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (CRLs), this study aims to create a predictive signature to assess the prognosis in patients with BrCa. METHODS The related CRLs RNA-seq data clinicopathological data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the predictive model was constructed after correlation analysis. Subsequently, we examined and validated connections and changes in the CRLs model with prognostic features (including risk curves, ROC curves and nomograms), pathway and functional enrichment, tumor mutation (TMB), tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) and treatment sensitivity. RESULTS A prediction model formula composed of 5 CRLs was obtained, and divided breast cancer patients into high and low risk subgroups according to the obtained risk scores. The results showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group, and the AUC of all samples at 1, 3 and 5 years were 0.704, 0.668 and 0.647, respectively. It was indicated that CRLs prognostic model could independently predict prognostic indicators of BrCa patients. In addition, analysis of gene set enrichment, immune function, TMB, and TIDE showed that these differentially expressed CRLs had a wealth of related pathways and functions, and might be closely related to immune response and immune microenvironment. Additionally, TP53 was found to have the highest mutation frequency in high-risk group (40%), while PIK3CA was found to have the highest mutation frequency in low-risk group (42%), which might become new targets for targeted therapy. Finally, we compared susceptibility to anticancer agents to identify potential treatment options for breast cancer. Lapatinib, Sunitinib, Phenformin, Idelalisib, Ruxolitinib, Cabozantinib were more sensitive to patients in the low-risk group, while Sorafenib, Vinorelbine, Pyrimethamine were more sensitive to patients in high-risk group, namely, these drugs could potentially be used in the future to treat breast cancer patients grouped according to the risk model. CONCLUSION This study identified CRLs associated with breast cancer and provided a tailored tool for predicting prognosis, immune response, and drug sensitivity in patients with BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218Th Jixi Road, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218Th Jixi Road, 230022, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
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31
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Meringa AD, Hernández-López P, Cleven A, de Witte M, Straetemans T, Kuball J, Beringer DX, Sebestyen Z. Strategies to improve γδTCRs engineered T-cell therapies for the treatment of solid malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159337. [PMID: 37441064 PMCID: PMC10333927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P. Hernández-López
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A. Cleven
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. de Witte
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T. Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D. X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Z. Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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32
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Rimailho L, Faria C, Domagala M, Laurent C, Bezombes C, Poupot M. γδ T cells in immunotherapies for B-cell malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200003. [PMID: 37426670 PMCID: PMC10325712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancements in therapy for B cell malignancies and the increase in long-term survival of patients, almost half of them lead to relapse. Combinations of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies such as anti-CD20 leads to mixed outcomes. Recent developments in immune cell-based therapies are showing many encouraging results. γδ T cells, with their potential of functional plasticity and their anti-tumoral properties, emerged as good candidates for cancer immunotherapies. The representation and the diversity of γδ T cells in tissues and in the blood, in physiological conditions or in B-cell malignancies such as B cell lymphoma, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia or multiple myeloma, provides the possibility to manipulate them with immunotherapeutic approaches for these patients. In this review, we summarized several strategies based on the activation and tumor-targeting of γδ T cells, optimization of expansion protocols, and development of gene-modified γδ T cells, using combinations of antibodies and therapeutic drugs and adoptive cell therapy with autologous or allogenic γδ T cells following potential genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Rimailho
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Faria
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcin Domagala
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Bezombes
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm-Univ. Toulouse III Paul Sabatier-ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
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33
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 PMCID: PMC10277291 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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Demerlé C, Gorvel L, Mello M, Pastor S, Degos C, Zarubica A, Angelis F, Fiore F, Nunes JA, Malissen B, Greillier L, Guittard G, Luche H, Barlesi F, Olive D. Anti-HVEM mAb therapy improves antitumoral immunity both in vitro and in vivo, in a novel transgenic mouse model expressing human HVEM and BTLA molecules challenged with HVEM expressing tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006348. [PMID: 37230538 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14)/herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is the ligand for B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160-negative immune co-signaling molecules as well as viral proteins. Its expression is dysregulated with an overexpression in tumors and a connection with tumors of adverse prognosis. METHODS We developed C57BL/6 mouse models co-expressing human (hu)BTLA and huHVEM as well as antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that completely prevent the interactions of HVEM with its ligands. RESULTS Here, we show that the anti-HVEM18-10 mAb increases primary human αβ-T cells activity alone (CIS-activity) or in the presence of HVEM-expressing lung or colorectal cancer cells in vitro (TRANS-activity). Anti-HVEM18-10 synergizes with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) mAb to activate T cells in the presence of PD-L1-positive tumors, but is sufficient to trigger T cell activation in the presence of PD-L1-negative cells. In order to better understand HVEM18-10 effects in vivo and especially disentangle its CIS and TRANS effects, we developed a knockin (KI) mouse model expressing human BTLA (huBTLA+/+) and a KI mouse model expressing both huBTLA+/+/huHVEM+/+ (double KI (DKI)). In vivo preclinical experiments performed in both mouse models showed that HVEM18-10 treatment was efficient to decrease human HVEM+ tumor growth. In the DKI model, anti-HVEM18-10 treatment induces a decrease of exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells and an increase of effector memory CD4+ T cells within the tumor. Interestingly, mice which completely rejected tumors (±20%) did not develop tumors on rechallenge in both settings, therefore showing a marked T cell-memory phenotype effect. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our preclinical models validate anti-HVEM18-10 as a promising therapeutic antibody to use in clinics as a monotherapy or in combination with existing immunotherapies (antiprogrammed cell death protein 1/anti-PD-L1/anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Demerlé
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marielle Mello
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Sonia Pastor
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Clara Degos
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Zarubica
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Angelis
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunes
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Geoffrey Guittard
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Luche
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, CHU NORD, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Ma L, Feng Y, Zhou Z. A close look at current γδ T-cell immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140623. [PMID: 37063836 PMCID: PMC10102511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their antitumor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent capacities, γδ T cells have gained popularity in adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in recent years. However, many unknowns still exist regarding γδ T cells, and few clinical data have been collected. Therefore, this review aims to describe all the main features of the applications of γδ T cells and provide a systematic view of current γδ T-cell immunotherapy. Specifically, this review will focus on how γδ T cells performed in treating cancers in clinics, on the γδ T-cell clinical trials that have been conducted to date, and the role of γδ T cells in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Dingchengtaiyuan (DCTY) Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Feng
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Dingchengtaiyuan (DCTY) Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Zhou
- Research and Development Department, Beijing Dingchengtaiyuan (DCTY) Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zishan Zhou,
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Barber-Axthelm IM, Wragg KM, Esterbauer R, Amarasena TH, Barber-Axthelm VR, Wheatley AK, Gibbon AM, Kent SJ, Juno JA. Phenotypic and functional characterization of pharmacologically expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in pigtail macaques. iScience 2023; 26:106269. [PMID: 36936791 PMCID: PMC10014287 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While gaining interest as treatment for cancer and infectious disease, the clinical efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapeutics has to date been limited. An improved understanding of γδ T cell heterogeneity across lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, before and after pharmacological expansion, is required. Here, we describe the phenotype and tissue distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at steady state and following in vivo pharmacological expansion in pigtail macaques. Intravenous phosphoantigen administration with subcutaneous rhIL-2 drove robust expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in blood and pulmonary mucosa, while expansion was confined to the pulmonary mucosa following intratracheal antigen administration. Peripheral blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cell expansion was polyclonal, and associated with a significant loss of CCR6 expression due to IL-2-mediated receptor downregulation. Overall, we show the tissue distribution and phenotype of in vivo pharmacologically expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be altered based on the antigen administration route, with implications for tissue trafficking and the clinical efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Barber-Axthelm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thakshila H. Amarasena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Valerie R.B. Barber-Axthelm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anne M. Gibbon
- Monash Animal Research Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Abstract
Current cancer immunotherapies are primarily predicated on αβ T cells, with a stringent dependence on MHC-mediated presentation of tumour-enriched peptides or unique neoantigens that can limit their efficacy and applicability in various contexts. After two decades of preclinical research and preliminary clinical studies involving very small numbers of patients, γδ T cells are now being explored as a viable and promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their tissue tropisms, antitumour activity that is independent of neoantigen burden and conventional MHC-dependent antigen presentation, and combination of typical properties of T cells and natural killer cells, make them very appealing effectors in multiple cancer settings. Herein, we review the main functions of γδ T cells in antitumour immunity, focusing on human γδ T cell subsets, with a particular emphasis on the differences between Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ γδ T cells, to discuss their prognostic value in patients with cancer and the key therapeutic strategies that are being developed in an attempt to improve the outcomes of these patients.
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NKG2A Immune Checkpoint in Vδ2 T Cells: Emerging Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041264. [PMID: 36831606 PMCID: PMC9954046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation has revolutionized cancer treatment with the introduction of T-cell-targeted immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This successful immunotherapy has led to a more complete view of cancer that now considers not only the cancer cells to be targeted and destroyed but also the immune environment of the cancer cells. Current challenges associated with the enhancement of ICI effects are increasing the fraction of responding patients through personalized combinations of multiple ICIs and overcoming acquired resistance. This requires a complete overview of the anti-tumor immune response, which depends on a complex interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells with the tumor microenvironment. The NKG2A was revealed to be a key immune checkpoint for both Natural Killer (NK) cells and T cells. Monalizumab, a humanized anti-NKG2A antibody, enhances NK cell activity against various tumor cells and rescues CD8 αβ T cell function in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. In this review, we discuss the potential for targeting NKG2A expressed on tumor-sensing human γδ T cells, mostly on the specific Vδ2 T cell subset, in order to emphasize its importance and potential in the development of new ICI-based therapeutic approaches.
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Gao Z, Bai Y, Lin A, Jiang A, Zhou C, Cheng Q, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhang J, Luo P. Gamma delta T-cell-based immune checkpoint therapy: attractive candidate for antitumor treatment. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:31. [PMID: 36793048 PMCID: PMC9930367 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a nontraditional T-cell subgroup, γδT cells have gained popularity in the field of immunotherapy in recent years. They have extraordinary antitumor potential and prospects for clinical application. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are efficacious in tumor patients, have become pioneer drugs in the field of tumor immunotherapy since they were incorporated into clinical practice. In addition, γδT cells that have infiltrated into tumor tissues are found to be in a state of exhaustion or anergy, and there is upregulation of many immune checkpoints (ICs) on their surface, suggesting that γδT cells have a similar ability to respond to ICIs as traditional effector T cells. Studies have shown that targeting ICs can reverse the dysfunctional state of γδT cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and exert antitumor effects by improving γδT-cell proliferation and activation and enhancing cytotoxicity. Clarification of the functional state of γδT cells in the TME and the mechanisms underlying their interaction with ICs will solidify ICIs combined with γδT cells as a good treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Gao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second Clinical Medical School, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Bai
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060The Department of Oncology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Anqi Lin
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Department of Urology, Changhai hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282 People’s Republic of China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733The Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Luo
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.
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Ridgley LA, Caron J, Dalgleish A, Bodman-Smith M. Releasing the restraints of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1065495. [PMID: 36713444 PMCID: PMC9880221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells are a subset of T-cells with a crucial role in immunosurveillance which can be activated and expanded by multiple means to stimulate effector responses. Little is known about the expression of checkpoint molecules on this cell population and whether the ligation of these molecules can regulate their activity. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of both activatory and inhibitory receptors on Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells to assess potential avenues of regulation to target with immunotherapy. Methods Expression of various activatory and inhibitory receptors was assessed on Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells by flow cytometry following activation and expansion using zoledronic acid (ZA) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Expression of these markers and production of effector molecules was also examined following co-culture with various tumour cell targets. The effect of immune checkpoint blockade on Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells was also explored. Results Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells expressed high levels of activatory markers both at baseline and following stimulation. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells expressed variable levels of inhibitory checkpoint receptors with many being upregulated following stimulation. Expression of these markers is further modulated upon co-culture with tumour cells with changes reflecting activation and effector functions. Despite their high expression of inhibitory receptors when cultured with tumour cells expressing cognate ligands there was no effect on Vδ2+ T-cell cytotoxic capacity or cytokine production with immune checkpoint blockade. Conclusions Our work suggests the expression of checkpoint receptors present on Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells which may provide a mechanism with the potential to be utilised by tumour cells to subvert Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell cytotoxicity. This work suggests important candidates for blockade by ICI therapy in order to increase the successful use of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in immunotherapy.
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Giannotta C, Autino F, Massaia M. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy in blood cancers: ready for prime time? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167443. [PMID: 37143664 PMCID: PMC10153673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic interventions in cancer. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the TME to growth and evade the immune system. Three major cell subpopulations are facing each other in the TME: cancer cells, immune suppressor cells, and immune effector cells. These interactions are influenced by the tumor stroma which is composed of extracellular matrix, bystander cells, cytokines, and soluble factors. The TME can be very different depending on the tissue where cancer arises as in solid tumors vs blood cancers. Several studies have shown correlations between the clinical outcome and specific patterns of TME immune cell infiltration. In the recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that unconventional T cells like natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ T cells are key players in the protumor or antitumor TME commitment in solid tumors and blood cancers. In this review, we will focus on γδ T cells, especially Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, to discuss their peculiarities, pros, and cons as potential targets of therapeutic interventions in blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannotta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Autino
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimo Massaia,
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Ren H, Li W, Liu X, Zhao N. γδ T cells: The potential role in liver disease and implications for cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1663-1668. [PMID: 36098208 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0822-733rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The γδ T cell subset was discovered over 30 years ago, yet continues to be an exciting and challenging component of the adaptive immune response. While γδ T cells represent a very small fraction of all T cells in humans, γδ T cells have a vital effect on human immunity, serving as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems. The characteristics of γδ T cells include recognition of non-MHC restrictive antigens, as well as the ability to secrete an abundance of cytokines, suggesting that γδ T cells have high antitumor activity. As such, they have gained ample attention with respect to tumor immunotherapy in the last decade. The γδ T cell subset comprises up to ∼15-20% of the T-lymphocyte population in the liver, although the liver is recognized as an immune organ with primary immune functions, the role of γδ T cells in liver disease has not been established. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanisms underlying immune γδ T cell activity in liver disease, including immune liver injury, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and review γδ T cell-based clinical immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - WanJing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Yang W, Cheng B, Chen P, Sun X, Wen Z, Cheng Y. BTN3A1 promotes tumor progression and radiation resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating ULK1-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:984. [PMID: 36418890 PMCID: PMC9684582 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, radioresistance is a clinical problem that must urgently be solved. Here, we found that butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 (BTN3A1) is upregulated in ESCC tumor tissues compared with nontumor tissues. We also evaluated BTN3A1 expression in patients with ESCC receiving adjuvant radiotherapy. The results demonstrated that BTN3A1 upregulation predicts a poor prognosis for ESCC patients. BTN3A1 overexpression promotes ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, BTN3A1 knockdown sensitized ESCC cells to radiation. We further explored the mode of death involved in BTN3A1-mediated radioresistance. Previous studies have shown that apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis are important for the survival of ESCC cells. We performed an RT-PCR array and western blotting (WB) to identify the mode of death and revealed for the first time that BTN3A1 promotes cell radioresistance by activating autophagy. In addition, by performing immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, we found that BTN3A1 regulated the expression of UNC-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1) and promoted its phosphorylation to subsequently initiate autophagy. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay results indicated that BTN3A1 is a novel direct target of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α, a transcription factor, promotes BTN3A1 transcription upon irradiation. Overall, the present study is the first to show that BTN3A1 plays a key role in radioresistance and that targeting BTN3A1 might be a promising strategy to improve radiotherapy efficacy in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozheng Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Human Vδ2 T Cells and Their Versatility for Immunotherapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223572. [PMID: 36429001 PMCID: PMC9688761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma/delta (γδ) T cells are innate-like immune effectors that are a critical component linking innate and adaptive immune responses. They are recognized for their contribution to tumor surveillance and fight against infectious diseases. γδ T cells are excellent candidates for cellular immunotherapy due to their unique properties to recognize and destroy tumors or infected cells. They do not depend on the recognition of a single antigen but rather a broad-spectrum of diverse ligands through expression of various cytotoxic receptors. In this manuscript, we review major characteristics of the most abundant circulating γδ subpopulation, Vδ2 T cells, their immunotherapeutic potential, recent advances in expansion protocols, their preclinical and clinical applications for several infectious diseases and malignancies, and how additional modulation could enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Kone AS, Ait Ssi S, Sahraoui S, Badou A. BTN3A: A Promising Immune Checkpoint for Cancer Prognosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13424. [PMID: 36362212 PMCID: PMC9653866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin-3A (BTN3A) subfamily members are a group of immunoglobulins present on the surface of different cell types, including innate and cancer cells. Due to their high similarity with the B7 family members, different studies have been conducted and revealed the involvement of BTN3A molecules in modulating T cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, a great part of this research focused on γδ T cells and how BTN3A contributes to their functions. In this review, we will depict the roles and various aspects of BTN3A molecules in distinct tumor microenvironments and review how BTN3A receptors modulate diverse immune effector functions including those of CD4+ (Th1), cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and NK cells. We will also highlight the potential of BTN3A molecules as therapeutic targets for effective immunotherapy and successful cancer control, which could represent a bright future for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou-samad Kone
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Souha Sahraoui
- Mohammed VI Center of Oncology, CHU Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
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46
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Lai AY, Patel A, Brewer F, Evans K, Johannes K, González LE, Yoo KJ, Fromm G, Wilson K, Schreiber TH, de Silva S. Cutting Edge: Bispecific γδ T Cell Engager Containing Heterodimeric BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 Promotes Targeted Activation of Vγ9Vδ2 + T Cells in the Presence of Costimulation by CD28 or NKG2D. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1475-1480. [PMID: 36096643 PMCID: PMC9527206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2+ T cell-targeted immunotherapy is of interest to harness its MHC-independent cytotoxic potential against a variety of cancers. Recent studies have identified heterodimeric butyrophilin (BTN) 2A1 and BTN3A1 as the molecular entity providing "signal 1" to the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR, but "signal 2" costimulatory requirements remain unclear. Using a tumor cell-free assay, we demonstrated that a BTN2A1/3A1 heterodimeric fusion protein activated human Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells, but only in the presence of costimulatory signal via CD28 or NK group 2 member D. Nonetheless, addition of a bispecific γδ T cell engager BTN2A1/3A1-Fc-CD19scFv alone enhanced granzyme B-mediated killing of human CD19+ lymphoma cells when cocultured with Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells, suggesting expression of costimulatory ligand(s) on tumor cells is sufficient to satisfy the "signal 2" requirement. These results highlight the parallels of signal 1 and signal 2 requirements in αβ and γδ T cell activation and demonstrate the utility of heterodimeric BTNs to promote targeted activation of γδ T cells.
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47
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Cherry ABC, Gherardin NA, Sikder HI. Intracellular radar: Understanding γδ T cell immune surveillance and implications for clinical strategies in oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011081. [PMID: 36212425 PMCID: PMC9539555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a key role in anticancer immunity, with responses mediated through a diversity of αβ or γδ T cell receptors. Although αβ and γδ T cells stem from common thymic precursors, the development and subsequent biological roles of these two subsets differ considerably. γδ T cells are an unconventional T cell subset, uniquely poised between the adaptive and innate immune systems, that possess the ability to recognize intracellular disturbances and non-peptide-based antigens to eliminate tumors. These distinctive features of γδ T cells have led to recent interest in developing γδ-inspired therapies for treating cancer patients. In this minireview, we explore the biology of γδ T cells, including how the γδ T cell immune surveillance system can detect intracellular disturbances, and propose a framework to understand the γδ T cell-inspired therapeutic strategies entering the clinic today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B. C. Cherry
- Axiom Healthcare Strategies, Princeton, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Anne B. C. Cherry,
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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48
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Gay L, Mezouar S, Cano C, Frohna P, Madakamutil L, Mège JL, Olive D. Role of Vγ9vδ2 T lymphocytes in infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928441. [PMID: 35924233 PMCID: PMC9340263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor Vγ9Vδ2 T cells bridge innate and adaptive antimicrobial immunity in primates. These Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to phosphoantigens (pAgs) present in microbial or eukaryotic cells in a butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3) and butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) dependent manner. In humans, the rapid expansion of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes during several infections as well as their localization at the site of active disease demonstrates their important role in the immune response to infection. However, Vγ9Vδ2 T cell deficiencies have been observed in some infectious diseases such as active tuberculosis and chronic viral infections. In this review, we are providing an overview of the mechanisms of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated antimicrobial immunity. These cells kill infected cells mainly by releasing lytic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing target cell apoptosis. In addition, the release of chemokines and cytokines allows the recruitment and activation of immune cells, promoting the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Finaly, we also describe potential new therapeutic tools of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy that could be applied to emerging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital de la Conception, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
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49
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Chan KF, Duarte JDG, Ostrouska S, Behren A. γδ T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment-Interactions With Other Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894315. [PMID: 35880177 PMCID: PMC9307934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that γδ T cells play a pivotal role in mediating the clearance of tumors and pathogen-infected cells with their potent cytotoxic, cytolytic, and unique immune-modulating functions. Unlike the more abundant αβ T cells, γδ T cells can recognize a broad range of tumors and infected cells without the requirement of antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Our group has recently demonstrated parts of the mechanisms of T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent activation of Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells by tumors following the presentation of phosphoantigens, intermediates of the mevalonate pathway. This process is mediated through the B7 immunoglobulin family-like butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) and BTN3A1 complexes. Such recognition results in activation, a robust immunosurveillance process, and elicits rapid γδ T-cell immune responses. These include targeted cell killing, and the ability to produce copious quantities of cytokines and chemokines to exert immune-modulating properties and to interact with other immune cells. This immune cell network includes αβ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells, and neutrophils, hence heavily influencing the outcome of immune responses. This key role in orchestrating immune cells and their natural tropism for tumor microenvironment makes γδ T cells an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the current understanding of these important interactions and highlight the implications of the crosstalk between γδ T cells and other immune cells in the context of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Fei Chan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Da Gama Duarte
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Ostrouska
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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50
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Visualizing γδ T cells by very late antigen-4-targeted positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4156-4170. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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