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Choosang K, Boonsilp S, Kritsiriwuthinan K, Chumchuang P, Thanacharoensakun N, Saai A, Pongparit S. A dot-blot ELISA preliminary evaluation using PvMSP1-42 recombinant protein as antigen for serological diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax infection in Thailand. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2024; 14:202-209. [PMID: 38427079 PMCID: PMC11097782 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2024.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent cause of malaria in Thailand and is predominant in malarial endemic areas worldwide. P. vivax infection is characterized by low parasitemia, latent liver-stage parasites, or asymptomatic infections leading to underreported P. vivax cases. These are significant challenges for controlling and eliminating P. vivax from endemic countries. This study developed and evaluated a dot-blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using PvMSP1-42 recombinant antigen for serological diagnosis based on the detection of antibodies against P. vivax. The optimal PvMSP1-42 concentration and dilutions of anti-human IgG horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antiserum were tested on 88 serum samples from P. vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and bacterial infection, including healthy individuals. A cut-off titer of 1:800 produced optimal values for sensitivity and specificity of 90.9 and 98.2%, respectively, with an accuracy of 95.5%. The positive and negative predictive values were 96.8 and 94.7% respectively. The results from microscopic examination and dot-blot ELISA showed strong agreement with the 0.902 kappa index. Thus, the dot-blot ELISA using PvMSP1-42 antigen provided high sensitivity and specificity suitable for serodiagnosis of P. vivax infection. The test is a simple and quick diagnostic assay suitable for field testing as it does not require specific equipment or particular skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantima Choosang
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Siriphan Boonsilp
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Palin Chumchuang
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sawanya Pongparit
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
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Gonzalez-Ceron L, Dema B, Palomeque-Culebro OL, Santillan-Valenzuela F, Montoya A, Reyes-Sandoval A. Plasmodium vivax MSP1-42 kD Variant Proteins Detected Naturally Induced IgG Antibodies in Patients Regardless of the Infecting Parasite Phenotype in Mesoamerica. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030704. [PMID: 36983859 PMCID: PMC10058798 DOI: 10.3390/life13030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The serological tests using blood stage antigens might be helpful for detecting recent exposure to Plasmodium parasites, and seroepidemiological studies would aid in the elimination of malaria. This work produced recombinant proteins of PvMSP142 variants and evaluated their capacity to detect IgG antibodies in symptomatic patients from Mesoamerica. Methods: Three variant Pvmsp142 genes were cloned in the pHL-sec plasmid, expressed in the Expi293F™ eukaryotic system, and the recombinant proteins were purified by affinity chromatography. Using an ELISA, 174 plasma or eluted samples from patients infected with different P. vivax haplotypes were evaluated against PvMSP142 proteins and to a native blood stage antigen (NBSA). Results: The antibody IgG OD values toward PvMSP142 variants (v88, v21, and v274) were heterogeneous (n = 178; median = 0.84 IQR 0.28–1.64). The correlation of IgG levels among all proteins was very high (spearman’s rho = 0.96–0.98; p < 0.0001), but was lower between them and the NBSA (rho = 0.771; p < 0.0001). In only a few samples, higher reactivity to the homologous protein was evident. Patients with a past infection who were seropositive had higher IgG levels and lower parasitemia levels than those who did not (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The PvMSP142 variants were similarly efficient in detecting specific IgG antibodies in P. vivax patients from Mesoamerica, regardless of the infecting parasite’s haplotype, and might be good candidates for malaria surveillance and epidemiological studies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Gonzalez-Ceron
- Regional Centre of Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health Research, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.G.-C.); (A.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-9626262219 (L.G.-C.); +52-5557296000 (A.R.-S.)
| | - Barbara Dema
- Pandemic Science Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Olga L. Palomeque-Culebro
- Regional Centre of Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health Research, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Frida Santillan-Valenzuela
- Regional Centre of Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health Research, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Alberto Montoya
- Parasitology Department, National Centre for Diagnosis Reference, Ministry of Health, Managua 11165, Nicaragua
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Luis Enrique Erro s/n., Mexico City 07738, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CICATA), Unidad Morelos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Boulevard de la Tecnología, 1036 Z-1, P 2/2, Atlacholoaya 62790, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.G.-C.); (A.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-9626262219 (L.G.-C.); +52-5557296000 (A.R.-S.)
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Liu ZSJ, Sattabongkot J, White M, Chotirat S, Kumpitak C, Takashima E, Harbers M, Tham WH, Healer J, Chitnis CE, Tsuboi T, Mueller I, Longley RJ. Naturally acquired antibody kinetics against Plasmodium vivax antigens in people from a low malaria transmission region in western Thailand. BMC Med 2022; 20:89. [PMID: 35260169 PMCID: PMC8904165 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) is the dominant Plasmodium spp. causing the disease malaria in low-transmission regions outside of Africa. These regions often feature high proportions of asymptomatic patients with sub-microscopic parasitaemia and relapses. Naturally acquired antibody responses are induced after Plasmodium infection, providing partial protection against high parasitaemia and clinical episodes. However, previous work has failed to address the presence and maintenance of such antibody responses to P. vivax particularly in low-transmission regions. METHODS We followed 34 patients in western Thailand after symptomatic P. vivax infections to monitor antibody kinetics over 9 months, during which no recurrent infections occurred. We assessed total IgG, IgG subclass and IgM levels to up to 52 P. vivax proteins every 2-4 weeks using a multiplexed Luminex® assay and identified protein-specific variation in antibody longevity. Mathematical modelling was used to generate the estimated half-life of antibodies, long-, and short-lived antibody-secreting cells. RESULTS Generally, an increase in antibody level was observed within 1-week post symptomatic infection, followed by an exponential decay of different rates. We observed mostly IgG1 dominance and IgG3 sub-dominance in this population. IgM responses followed similar kinetic patterns to IgG, with some proteins unexpectedly inducing long-lived IgM responses. We also monitored antibody responses against 27 IgG-immunogenic antigens in 30 asymptomatic individuals from a similar region. Our results demonstrate that most antigens induced robust and long-lived total IgG responses following asymptomatic infections in the absence of (detected) boosting infections. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides new insights into the development and maintenance of naturally acquired immunity to P. vivax and will guide the potential use of serology to indicate immune status and/or identify populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Shih-Jung Liu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Current affiliation: Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael White
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics G5 Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sadudee Chotirat
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalermpon Kumpitak
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Matthias Harbers
- CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan and RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Julie Healer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Chetan E Chitnis
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Ivo Mueller
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Rhea J Longley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
Malaria is a serious public health problem that affects mostly the poorest countries in the world, killing more than 400,000 people per year, mainly children under 5 years old. Among the control and prevention strategies, the differential diagnosis of the Plasmodium-infecting species is an important factor for selecting a treatment and, consequently, for preventing the spread of the disease. One of the main difficulties for the detection of a specific Plasmodium sp is that most of the existing methods for malaria diagnosis focus on detecting P. falciparum. Thus, in many cases, the diagnostic methods neglect the other non-falciparum species and underestimate their prevalence and severity. Traditional methods for diagnosing malaria may present low specificity or sensitivity to non-falciparum spp. Therefore, there is high demand for new alternative methods able to differentiate Plasmodium species in a faster, cheaper and easier manner to execute. This review details the classical procedures and new perspectives of diagnostic methods for malaria non-falciparum differential detection and the possibilities of their application in different circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marina Gimenez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo F. Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matías Regiart
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Youssef Bargieri
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Hietanen J, Chim-Ong A, Sattabongkot J, Nguitragool W. Naturally induced humoral response against Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 2P1. Malar J 2021; 20:246. [PMID: 34082763 PMCID: PMC8173506 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malaria parasite in many countries. A better understanding of human immunity to this parasite can provide new insights for vaccine development. Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins (RBPs) are key parasite proteins that interact with human proteins during erythrocyte invasion and are targets of the human immune response. The aim of this study is to characterize the human antibody response to RBP2P1, the most recently described member of the RBP family. Methods The levels of total IgG and IgM against RBP2P1 were measured using plasmas from 68 P. vivax malaria patients and 525 villagers in a malarious village of western Thailand. The latter group comprises asymptomatic carriers and healthy uninfected individuals. Subsets of plasma samples were evaluated for anti-RBP2P1 IgG subtypes and complement-fixing activity. Results As age increased, it was found that the level of anti-RBP2P1 IgG increased while the level of IgM decreased. The main anti-RBP2P1 IgG subtypes were IgG1 and IgG3. The IgG3-seropositive rate was higher in asymptomatic carriers than in patients. The higher level of IgG3 was correlated with higher in vitro RBP2P1-mediated complement fixing activity. Conclusions In natural infection, the primary IgG response to RBP2P1 was IgG1 and IgG3. The predominance of these cytophilic subtypes and the elevated level of IgG3 correlating with complement fixing activity, suggest a possible role of anti-RBP2P1 antibodies in immunity against P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Hietanen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anongruk Chim-Ong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Punnath K, Dayanand KK, Midya V, Chandrashekar VN, Achur RN, Kakkilaya SB, Ghosh SK, Kumari SN, Gowda DC. Acquired antibody responses against merozoite surface protein-1 19 antigen during Plasmodium falciparum and P.vivax infections in South Indian city of Mangaluru. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:176-190. [PMID: 33100734 PMCID: PMC7576553 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of malaria parasites has been extensively studied as a malaria vaccine candidate and the antibody response to this protein is an important indicator of protective immunity to malaria. Mangaluru city and its surrounding areas in southwestern India are endemic to malaria with Plasmodium vivax being the most widespread and prevalent species although P. falciparum also frequently infects. However, no information is available on the level of protective immunity in this population. In this regard, a prospective hospital-based study was performed in malarial patients to assess antibody responses against the 19-kDa C-terminal portion of P. vivax and P. falciparum MSP-1 (MSP-119). Serum samples from 51 healthy endemic controls and 267 infected individuals were collected and anti-MSP-119 antibody levels were analyzed by ELISA. The possible association between the antibody responses and morbidity parameters such as malarial anemia and thrombocytopenia was investigated. Among the 267 infected cases, 144 had P. vivax and 123 had P. falciparum infections. Significant levels of anti-MSP-119 antibody were observed both in P. vivax (123/144; 85.4%) and P. falciparum (108/123; 87.9%) infected individuals. In both type of infections, the major antibody isotypes were IgG1 and IgG3. The IgG levels were found to be increased in patients with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. The antibody levels were also higher in infected individuals who had several previous infections, although antibodies produced during previous infections were short lived. The predominance of cytophilic anti-MSP-119 IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies suggests the possibility of a dual role of Pv MSP-119 and Pf MSP-119 during malarial immunity and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Punnath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga District, Karnataka India
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - Kiran K. Dayanand
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga District, Karnataka India
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Valleesha N. Chandrashekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga District, Karnataka India
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - Rajeshwara N. Achur
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga District, Karnataka India
| | | | - Susanta K. Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Poojanahalli, Bangalore, India
| | - Suchetha N. Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - D. Channe Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA USA
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Almeida-de-Oliveira NK, Abreu-Fernandes R, Lavigne AR, Pina-Costa A, Perce-da-Silva DDS, Catanho M, Rossi ÁD, Brasil P, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Exploration of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface proteins 1 and 7 genetic diversity in Brazilian Amazon and Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 86:104592. [PMID: 33059085 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface proteins (PvMSP) 1 and 7 are considered vaccine targets. Genetic diversity knowledge is crucial to assess their potential as immunogens and to provide insights about population structure in different epidemiological contexts. Here, we investigate the variability of pvmsp-142, pvmsp-7E, and pvmsp-7F genes in 227 samples from the Brazilian Amazon (BA) and Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest (AF). pvmsp-142 has 63 polymorphisms - 57 nonsynonymous - generating a nucleotide diversity of π = 0.009 in AF, and π = 0.018 in BA. In pvmsp-7E, 134 polymorphisms - 103 nonsynonymous - generate the nucleotide diversity of π = 0.027 in AF, and π = 0.042 in BA. The pvmsp-7F has only two SNPs - A610G and A1054T -, with nucleotide diversity of π = 0.0004 in AF, and π = 0.0007 in BA. The haplotype diversity of pvmsp-142, pvmsp-7E, and pvmsp-7F genes is 0.997, 1.00, and 0.649, respectively. None of the pvmsp-142 or pvmsp-7E sequences are identical to the Salvador 1 strain's sequence. Conversely, most of pvmsp-7F sequences (94/48%) are identical to Sal-1. We evaluated eight B-cell epitopes in pvmsp-7E, four of them showed higher nucleotide diversity compared to pvmsp-7E's epitopes. Positive selection was detected in pvmsp-142, pvmsp-7E central region, and pvmsp-7F with Tajima's D. In pvmsp-7E, the significant nucleotide and haplotype diversities with low genetic differentiation, could be indicative of balancing selection. The genetic differentiation of pvmsp-142 (0.315) and pvmsp-7F (0.354) genes between AF and BA regions is significant, which is not the case for pvmsp-7E (0.193). We conclude that pvmsp-142 and pvmsp-7E have great genetic diversity even in AF region, an enclosure area with deficient transmission levels of P. vivax zoonotic malaria. In both Brazilian regions, pvmsp-119, pvmsp-7E, and pvmsp-7F are conserved, most likely due to their roles in parasite survival, and could be considered potential targets for a "blood-stage vaccine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rebecca Abreu-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa Lavigne
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielle Pina-Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis - FMP/FASE, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Catanho
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Átila Duque Rossi
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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8
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Han JH, Cheng Y, Muh F, Ahmed MA, Cho JS, Nyunt MH, Jeon HY, Ha KS, Na S, Park WS, Hong SH, Shin HJ, Russell B, Han ET. Inhibition of parasite invasion by monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor-like domain of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3906. [PMID: 30846737 PMCID: PMC6405985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog (PvMSP1P), which has epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, was identified as a novel erythrocyte adhesive molecule. This EGF-like domain (PvMSP1P-19) elicited high level of acquired immune response in patients. Antibodies against PvMSP1P significantly reduced erythrocyte adhesion activity to its unknown receptor. To determine PvMSP1P-19-specific antibody function and B-cell epitopes in vivax patients, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and 18-mer peptides were generated. The mAb functions were determined by erythrocyte-binding inhibition assay and invasion inhibition assay with P. knowlesi. B-cell epitopes of PvMSP1P-19 domains were evaluated by peptide microarray. The pvmsp1p-19 sequences showed limited polymorphism in P. vivax worldwide isolates. The 1BH9-A10 showed erythrocyte binding inhibitory by interaction with the N-terminus of PvMSP1P-19, while this mAb failed to recognize PkMSP1P-19 suggesting the species-specific for P. vivax. Other mAbs showed cross-reactivity with PkMSP1P-19. Among them, the 2AF4-A2 and 2AF4-A6 mAb significantly reduced parasite invasion through C-terminal recognition. The linear B-cell epitope in naturally exposed P. vivax patient was identified at three linear epitopes. In this study, PvMSP1P-19 N-terminal-specific 1BH9-A10 and C-terminal-specific 2AF4 mAbs showed functional activity for epitope recognition suggesting that PvMSP1P may be useful for vaccine development strategy for specific single epitope to prevent P. vivax invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fauzi Muh
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Atique Ahmed
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Sun Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Jenner Institute Laboratories, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon national University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Patgaonkar M, Herbert F, Powale K, Gandhe P, Gogtay N, Thatte U, Pied S, Sharma S, Pathak S. Vivax infection alters peripheral B-cell profile and induces persistent serum IgM. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12580. [PMID: 30102786 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
B cell-mediated humoral responses are essential for controlling malarial infection. Studies have addressed the effects of Plasmodium falciparum infection on peripheral B-cell subsets but not much is known for P. vivax infection. Furthermore, majority of the studies investigate changes during acute infection, but not after parasite clearance. In this prospective study, we analysed peripheral B-cell profiles and antibody responses during acute P. vivax infection and upon recovery (30 days post-treatment) in a low-transmission area in India. Dengue patients were included as febrile-condition controls. Both dengue and malaria patients showed a transient increase in atypical memory B cells during acute infection. However, transient B cell-activating factor (BAFF)-independent increase in the percentage of total and activated immature B cells was observed in malaria patients. Naïve B cells from malaria patients also showed increased TLR4 expression. Total IgM levels remained unchanged during acute infection but increased significantly at recovery. Serum antibody profiling showed a parasite-specific IgM response that persisted at recovery. A persistent IgM autoantibody response was also observed in malaria but not dengue patients. Our data suggest that in hypoendemic regions acute P. vivax infection skews peripheral B-cell subsets and results in a persistent parasite-specific and autoreactive IgM response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Patgaonkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Krushali Powale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Prajakta Gandhe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Nithya Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Urmila Thatte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sylviane Pied
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Shobhona Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sulabha Pathak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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López C, Yepes-Pérez Y, Hincapié-Escobar N, Díaz-Arévalo D, Patarroyo MA. What Is Known about the Immune Response Induced by Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidates? Front Immunol 2017; 8:126. [PMID: 28243235 PMCID: PMC5304258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax continues being one of the most important infectious diseases around the world; P. vivax is the second most prevalent species and has the greatest geographic distribution. Developing an effective antimalarial vaccine is considered a relevant control strategy in the search for means of preventing the disease. Studying parasite-expressed proteins, which are essential in host cell invasion, has led to identifying the regions recognized by individuals who are naturally exposed to infection. Furthermore, immunogenicity studies have revealed that such regions can trigger a robust immune response that can inhibit sporozoite (hepatic stage) or merozoite (erythrocyte stage) invasion of a host cell and induce protection. This review provides a synthesis of the most important studies to date concerning the antigenicity and immunogenicity of both synthetic peptide and recombinant protein candidates for a vaccine against malaria produced by P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yoelis Yepes-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; MSc Programme in Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Hincapié-Escobar
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC) , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Diana Díaz-Arévalo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Wang Q, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Li X, Zhu M, Li P, Yang Z, Wang Y, Yan G, Shang H, Cao Y, Fan Q, Cui L. Naturally Acquired Antibody Responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) C-Terminal 19 kDa Domains in an Area of Unstable Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151900. [PMID: 26999435 PMCID: PMC4801383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding naturally acquired immunity to infections caused by Plasmodia in different malaria endemicity settings is needed for better vaccine designs and for exploring antibody responses as a proxy marker of malaria transmission intensity. This study investigated the sero-epidemiology of malaria along the international border between China and Myanmar, where malaria elimination action plans are in place. This study recruited 233 P. vivax and 156 P. falciparum infected subjects with acute malaria at the malaria clinics and hospitals. In addition, 93 and 67 healthy individuals from the same endemic region or from non-endemic region, respectively, were used as controls. Acute malaria infections were identified by microscopy. Anti-recombinant PfMSP119 and PvMSP119 antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Antibody responses to respective MSP119 were detected in 50.9% and 78.2% patients with acute P. vivax and P. falciparum infections, respectively. There were cross-reacting antibodies in Plasmodium patients against these two recombinant proteins, though we could not exclude the possibility of submicroscopic mixed-species infections. IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 were the major subclasses. Interestingly, 43.2% of the healthy endemic population also had antibodies against PfMSP119, whereas only 3.9% of this population had antibodies against PvMSP119. Higher antibody levels were correlated with age and parasite density, but not with season, gender or malaria history. Both total IgG and individual IgG subclasses underwent substantial declines during the convalescent period in three months. This study demonstrated that individuals in a hypoendemic area with coexistence of P. vivax and P. falciparum can mount rapid antibody responses against both PfMSP119 and PvMSP119. The significantly higher proportion of responders to PfMSP119 in the healthy endemic population indicates higher prevalence of P. falciparum in the recent past. Specific antibodies against PvMSP119 could serve as a marker of recent exposure to P. vivax in epidemiological studies.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Demography
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Infant
- Logistic Models
- Malaria, Falciparum/blood
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/transmission
- Malaria, Vivax/blood
- Malaria, Vivax/immunology
- Malaria, Vivax/parasitology
- Malaria, Vivax/transmission
- Merozoite Surface Protein 1/chemistry
- Merozoite Surface Protein 1/immunology
- Molecular Weight
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Plasmodium vivax/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuexing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Humanities and Social Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Hong Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (QF); (LC)
| | - Qi Fan
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (QF); (LC)
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YC); (QF); (LC)
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12
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Mirahmadi H, Fallahi S, Seyyed Tabaei SJ. Soluble recombinant merozoite surface antigen-142kDa of Plasmodium vivax: An improved diagnostic antigen for vivax malaria. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:44-50. [PMID: 26851675 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), as a serological test, can be a beneficial tool for epidemiological studies by screening blood donors and diagnosis of specific antibodies from Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) infected cases. Since P. vivax cannot easily be acquired in vitro, ELISA assays using total or semi-purified antigens are seldom used. On the basis of this restriction, we examined whether recombinant protein 42 kDa related to C-terminal region of the merozoite surface antigen-1 of P. vivax (MSA-1(42)) could be suitable for serological detection of vivax malaria infection. Purified recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) (GST-MSA-1(42)) was examined for its ability to bind to IgG antibodies of individuals with patent P. vivax infection. The method was tested with 262 serum samples collected from individuals living in the south and southeastern regions of Iran where malaria is endemic. Samples exposed to Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection and patients with other infectious disease (toxoplasmosis, Leishmania infantum infection, echinococcosis and FUO (fever with unknown origin)) except for P. falciparum were residing in non- malaria endemic areas in Iran. Generally, the sensitivity of ELISA evaluated with sera from naturally infected individuals was 86.9%. The specificity value of the ELISA determined with sera from healthy individuals and from individuals with other infectious diseases was 94.05%. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) provided, and the diagnostic efficiency of anti-rPvMSA-1(42) antibody using indirect ELISA were determined 93.58, 87.77 and 91.06% respectively. Our study demonstrated that, because MSA-1(42) kDa contains both the 33 and 19 kDa fragments in its structure, it can serve as the basis for the development of a sensitive serological test which can be used for epidemiological studies, screening blood donors and diagnosis of P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Facultyof Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Abstract
SUMMARYPlasmodium vivaxis the most geographically widespread of the malaria parasites causing human disease, yet it is comparatively understudied compared withPlasmodium falciparum.In this article we review what is known about naturally acquired immunity toP. vivax, and importantly, how this differs to that acquired againstP. falciparum.Immunity to clinicalP. vivaxinfection is acquired more quickly than toP. falciparum, and evidence suggests humans in endemic areas also have a greater capacity to mount a successful immunological memory response to this pathogen. Both of these factors give promise to the idea of a successfulP. vivaxvaccine. We review what is known about both the cellular and humoral immune response, including the role of cytokines, antibodies, immunoregulation, immune memory and immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss where the future lies in terms of advancing our understanding of naturally acquired immunity toP. vivax, through the use of well-designed longitudinal epidemiological studies and modern tools available to immunologists.
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Gonzalez-Ceron L, Rodriguez MH, Sandoval MA, Santillan F, Galindo-Virgen S, Betanzos AF, Rosales AF, Palomeque OL. Effectiveness of combined chloroquine and primaquine treatment in 14 days versus intermittent single dose regimen, in an open, non-randomized, clinical trial, to eliminate Plasmodium vivax in southern Mexico. Malar J 2015; 14:426. [PMID: 26518132 PMCID: PMC4628368 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Mexico, combined chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ) treatment has been used since the late 1950s to treat Plasmodium vivax infections. Although malaria transmission has declined, current treatment strategies must be evaluated to advance towards malaria elimination. Methods The clinical and parasitological outcome of treating symptomatic P. vivax with the 14-day (T14) treatment or intermittent single dose (ISD) regimen was evaluated in southern Mexico between February 2008 and September 2010. Patients over 12 months old with P. vivax mono-infection and asexual parasitaemia ≥500 parasites/µl were treated under supervision. After diagnosis (day 0), treatment began immediately. T14 patients received CQ for 3 days (10, 10 and 5 mg/kg) and PQ daily for 14 days (0.25 mg/kg), while ISD patients received a single dose of CQ (10 mg/kg) and PQ (0.75 mg/kg) on days 0, 30, 60, 180, 210, and 240. Follow-up was done by observing clinical and laboratory (by microscopy, serology and PCR) outcome, considering two endpoints: primary blood infection clearance and clinical response at ~28 days, and the incidence of recurrent blood infection during 12 months. Parasite genotypes of primary/recurrent blood infections were analysed. Results During the first 28 days, no differences in parasite clearance or clinical outcome were observed between T14 (86 patients) and ISD (67 patients). On day 3, 95 % of patients in both groups showed no blood parasites, and no recurrences were detected on days 7–28. Contrarily, the therapeutic effectiveness (absence of recurrent parasitaemia) was distinct for T14 versus ISD at 12 months: 83.7 versus 50 %, respectively (p = 0.000). Symptomatic and asymptomatic infections were recorded on days 31–352. Some parasite recurrences were detected by PCR and/or serological testing. Conclusions T14 was effective for opportune elimination of the primary blood infection and preventing relapse episodes. The first single dose of CQ-PQ eliminated primary blood infection as efficiently as the initial three-dose scheme of T14, but the ISD regimen should be abandoned. A single combined dose administered to symptomatic patients in remote areas while awaiting parasitological diagnosis may contribute to halting P. vivax transmission. Alternatives for meeting the challenge of T14 supervision are discussed. Trial registration: NIH-USA, ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT02394197 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0938-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Gonzalez-Ceron
- Regional Centre for Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Mario H Rodriguez
- Centre for Research of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Marco A Sandoval
- Regional Centre for Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Frida Santillan
- Regional Centre for Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Galindo-Virgen
- Laboratory of Malaria, National Institute for Diagnosis and Epidemiological Reference, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Angel F Betanzos
- Centre for Research of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Angel F Rosales
- Regional Centre for Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Olga L Palomeque
- Regional Centre for Public Health Research, National Institute for Public Health, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
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15
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Suh IB, Lee KH, Kim YR, Woo SK, Kang HY, Won YD, An SSA, Cho M, Cho D, Lim CS. Comparison of Immunological Responses to the Various Types of Circumsporozoite Proteins ofPlasmodium vivaxin Malaria Patients of Korea. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:119-23. [PMID: 14978337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compared the seroreactivities against four synthetic peptide antigens (VK210, VK247, Korean type 1, and type 2) and a full length recombinant circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax ) in samples of sixty-three tertian malaria patients in Korea. Among the various CSP antigens, the full-length recombinant CSP showed the highest reactivity in malaria-exposed groups (85.7%, 54/63). No significant difference was found in the percentage of malaria patients with antibodies among four peptides examined, except a full-length recombinant CSP. Absorbance values from the peptide-based ELISA showed high correlations (r > 0.9, P < 0.05) at significant values. Five sera without the immunoaffinity against peptides were reactive towards the full-length recombinant CSP in ELISA. Sera, which were not reactive to a full length recombinant CSP antigen, were not recognized by any of peptide based ELISA. These data suggested that peptide structures included in Korean isolates, GNGAGGQAA, and VK247 peptides had immune reactivity and recognition epitopes. Among the antigens, GNGAGGQAA was less recognized by patients exposed to Korean strains of P. vivax in comparison to the VK210 structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Bum Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan City, Republic of Korea
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16
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Riccio EKP, Totino PRR, Pratt-Riccio LR, Ennes-Vidal V, Soares IS, Rodrigues MM, de Souza JM, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Cellular and humoral immune responses against the Plasmodium vivax MSP-1₁₉ malaria vaccine candidate in individuals living in an endemic area in north-eastern Amazon region of Brazil. Malar J 2013; 12:326. [PMID: 24041406 PMCID: PMC3850502 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) is an antigen considered to be one of the leading malaria vaccine candidates. PvMSP-1 is highly immunogenic and evidences suggest that it is target for protective immunity against asexual blood stages of malaria parasites. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the acquired cellular and antibody immune responses against PvMSP-1 in individuals naturally exposed to malaria infections in a malaria-endemic area in the north-eastern Amazon region of Brazil. METHODS The study was carried out in Paragominas, Pará State, in the Brazilian Amazon. Blood samples were collected from 35 individuals with uncomplicated malaria. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and the cellular proliferation and activation was analysed in presence of 19 kDa fragment of MSP-1 (PvMSP-1₁₉) and Plasmodium falciparum PSS1 crude antigen. Antibodies IgE, IgM, IgG and IgG subclass and the levels of TNF, IFN-γ and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The prevalence of activated CD4+ was greater than CD8+ T cells, in both ex-vivo and in 96 h culture in presence of PvMSP-1₁₉ and PSS1 antigen. A low proliferative response against PvMSP-1₁₉ and PSS1 crude antigen after 96 h culture was observed. High plasmatic levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 as well as lower TNF levels were also detected in malaria patients. However, in the 96 h supernatant culture, the dynamics of cytokine responses differed from those depicted on plasma assays; in presence of PvMSP-1₁₉ stimulus, higher levels of TNF were noted in supernatant 96 h culture of malaria patient's cells while low levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were verified. High frequency of malaria patients presenting antibodies against PvMSP-1₁₉ was evidenced, regardless class or IgG subclass.PvMSP-119-induced antibodies were predominantly on non-cytophilic subclasses. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here shows that PvMSP-1₁₉ was able to induce a high cellular activation, leading to production of TNF and emphasizes the high immunogenicity of PvMSP-1₁₉ in naturally exposed individuals and, therefore, its potential as a malaria vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn K P Riccio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil CEP: 21040-900.
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17
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de Carvalho GB, de Carvalho GB. Duffy Blood Group System and the malaria adaptation process in humans. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2013; 33:55-64. [PMID: 23284245 PMCID: PMC3521437 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an acute infectious disease caused by the protozoa of the genus
Plasmodium. The antigens of the Duffy Blood Group System, in addition to
incompatibilities in transfusions and hemolytic disease of the newborn, are of great
interest in medicine due to their association with the invasion of red blood cells by
the parasite Plasmodium vivax. For invasions to occur an interaction between the
parasites and antigens of the Duffy Blood Group System is necessary. In Caucasians
six antigens are produced by the Duffy locus (Fya, Fyb, F3, F4, F5 and F6). It has
been observed that Fy(a-b-) individuals are resistant to Plasmodium knowlesi and P.
vivax infection, because the invasion requires at least one of these antigens. The P.
vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP) is functionally important in the invasion process
of these parasites in Duffy / DARC positive humans. The proteins or fractions may be
considered, therefore, an important and potential inoculum to be used in immunization
against malaria.
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18
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Kang JM, Ju HL, Kang YM, Lee DH, Moon SU, Sohn WM, Park JW, Kim TS, Na BK. Genetic polymorphism and natural selection in the C-terminal 42 kDa region of merozoite surface protein-1 among Plasmodium vivax Korean isolates. Malar J 2012; 11:206. [PMID: 22709605 PMCID: PMC3487983 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The carboxy-terminal 42 kDa region of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-142) is a leading candidate antigen for blood stage vaccine development. However, this region has been observed to be highly polymorphic among filed isolates of P. vivax. Therefore it is important to analyse the existing diversity of this antigen in the field isolates of P. vivax. In this study, the genetic diversity and natural selection in PvMSP-142 among P. vivax Korean isolates were analysed. Methods A total of 149 P. vivax-infected blood samples collected from patients in Korea were used. The region flanking PvMSP-142 was amplified by PCR, cloned into Escherichia coli, and then sequenced. The polymorphic characteristic and natural selection of PvMSP-142 were analysed using the DNASTAR, MEGA4 and DnaSP programs. Results A total of 11 distinct haplotypes of PvMSP-142 with 40 amino acid changes, as compared to the reference Sal I sequence, were identified in the Korean P. vivax isolates. Most of the mutations were concentrated in the 33 kDa fragment (PvMSP-133), but a novel mutation was found in the 19 kDa fragment (PvMSP-119). PvMSP-142 of Korean isolates appeared to be under balancing selection. Recombination may also play a role in the resulting genetic diversity of PvMSP-142. Conclusions PvMSP-142 of Korean P. vivax isolates displayed allelic polymorphisms caused by mutation, recombination and balancing selection. These results will be useful for understanding the nature of the P. vivax population in Korea and for development of a PvMSP-142 based vaccine against P. vivax.
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Lee C, Chung KW, Kim TS, Choi KM, Choi YK, Chung NJ, Rhie HG, Lee HS, Lee SJ, Lee HW. Trials for the co-expression of the merozoite surface protein-1 and circumsporozoite protein genes of Plasmodium vivax. Exp Parasitol 2011; 129:227-33. [PMID: 21907198 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), a major asexual blood stage antigen, and circumsporozoite protein (CSP), a component of sporozoites that includes a Plasmodium vivax B-cell epitope, are strong candidates for use in a malaria vaccine. A chimeric recombinant gene containing portions of both msp-1 and csp from P. vivax separated by Pro-Gly linker motif was generated. The construct gene was named mlc (msp-1, linker, and csp). The MLC chimeric recombinant protein had a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa when expressed in Escherichia coli, as determined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The purified chimeric protein reacted with the sera of patients infected with P. vivax but not with the sera of uninfected patients according to western blot analysis. The chimeric protein reacted well with sera of malaria patients (109/115, 94.78%) as assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BALB/c mice that were orally immunized with the MLC chimeric recombinant protein successfully produced antigen-specific antibodies. Additionally, levels of the Th1-associated cytokines IL-12(p40), TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the spleens of the BALB/c mice. Therefore, the E. coli-expressed MLC chimeric recombinant protein might be used as a valuable vaccine candidate for oral immunization against vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choonghee Lee
- Institute of Global Environment and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee C, Kim HH, Choi KM, Chung KW, Choi YK, Jang MJ, Kim TS, Chung NJ, Rhie HG, Lee HS, Sohn Y, Kim H, Lee SJ, Lee HW. Murine immune responses to a Plasmodium vivax-derived chimeric recombinant protein expressed in Brassica napus. Malar J 2011; 10:106. [PMID: 21529346 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a plant-based vaccine against Plasmodium vivax, two P. vivax candidate proteins were chosen. First, the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), a major asexual blood stage antigen that is currently considered a strong vaccine candidate. Second, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), a component of sporozoites that contains a B-cell epitope. METHODS A synthetic chimeric recombinant 516 bp gene encoding containing PvMSP-1, a Pro-Gly linker motif, and PvCSP was synthesized; the gene, named MLC, encoded a total of 172 amino acids. The recombinant gene was modified with regard to codon usage to optimize gene expression in Brassica napus. The Ti plasmid inducible gene transfer system was used for MLC chimeric recombinant gene expression in B. napus. Gene expression was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) assay, and Western blot. RESULTS The MLC chimeric recombinant protein expressed in B. napus had a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa. It exhibited a clinical sensitivity of 84.21% (n=38) and a clinical specificity of 100% (n=24) as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with MLC chimeric recombinant protein successfully induced antigen-specific IgG1 production. Additionally, the Th1-related cytokines IL-12 (p40), TNF, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the spleens of the BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS The chimeric MLC recombinant protein produced in B. napus has potential as both as an antigen for diagnosis and as a valuable vaccine candidate for oral immunization against vivax malaria.
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Chen J, Wang Y, Ha K, Lu F, Suh I, Lim CS, Park JH, Takeo S, Tsuboi T, Han E. Measurement of naturally acquired humoral immune responses against the C-terminal region of the Plasmodium vivax MSP1 protein using protein arrays. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1259-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Plasmodium vivax malaria is the indigenous strain in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Plasmodium vivax can be transmitted through the transfusions of various blood components, which became a severe problem with the safety of blood transfusions and blood-related products in ROK. We evaluated a P. vivax-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Genedia Malaria Ab ELISA 2.0, Green Cross, ROK) with blood samples from four groups: 251 samples from P. vivax-infected patients, 39 samples from post-treatment patients upon follow-up, 200 samples from healthy volunteers and 421 samples from domestic travellers to and from high endemic areas of ROK. The positive cases from the ELISA test were confirmed by both Giemsa microscopic and polymerase chain reaction methods. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of detecting P. vivax with ELISA test were 94.4% and 99.0%, respectively. Thirteen of 421 domestic travellers (3.0%) to endemic areas tested positive. The results indicate the effectiveness of detecting antibodies against P. vivax in blood with Genedia Malaria Ab ELISA 2.0 test in a large blood screen setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hyun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon MH, Kim HH, Lee HS, Kim TS, Oh CM, Ahn YJ, Hwang SK, Sohn Y, Kim H, Lee HW. Plasmodium vivax: comparison of the immune responses between oral and parenteral immunization of rPv54 in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2010; 126:217-23. [PMID: 20460123 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) from Plasmodium vivax was evaluated as an oral vaccine candidate by cloning and expressing the interspecies conserved block 10 (ICB10) of the MSP-1 from a Korean isolate in Escherichia coli. The expressed fusion protein contained ICB10 and a maltose-binding protein (MBP), rPv54, has a molecular weight of approximately 54 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. IgG against rPv54 was successfully produced in BALB/c mice by oral immunization and sustained for more than 4 months. IgG2b was dominantly produced in both oral and parenteral immunizations. The rPv54 increased the frequency of NK, NKT, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B cells in both immunizations. IL-5 and TNF-alpha were increased in both significantly. In conclusion, rPv54 might be a valuable potential vaccine candidate for the oral and parenteral immunization against vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Hee Kwon
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul 122-701, Republic of Korea
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Mehrizi AA, Zakeri S, Salmanian AH, Sanati MH, Djadid ND. IgG subclasses pattern and high-avidity antibody to the C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax in an unstable hypoendemic region in Iran. Acta Trop 2009; 112:1-7. [PMID: 19481997 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal region of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP-1(19)) is a leading vaccine candidate for inclusion in a polyvalent malaria vaccine. In the present study, the IgG subclasses profile and the avidity of IgG to PvMSP-1(19) were evaluated in individuals (n=94) naturally exposed to P. vivax parasite in malaria endemic areas in Chabahar districts, Iran. In individuals with patent P. vivax malaria, 86.1% was sero-positive to PvMSP-1(19) and IgG1 (81.9%) was the predominant subclass. In addition, to determine the persistence of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies to PvMSP-1(19), the frequency of antibodies was determined in the infected subjects (n=74) after treatment with standard chloroquine and it was detected that the frequency of responders was significantly reduced to 51.3%, 51% and 16.2%, respectively. The antigen-binding avidity of IgG antibodies to PvMSP-1(19) was measured in sero-positive sera and the high-avidity of IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 was found in 66.6%, 61% and 47% of the infected subjects with P. vivax, respectively. The present result shows that individuals who exposed to vivax malaria in the endemic region in Iran develop antibodies with high-avidity to PvMSP-1(19). These results could help to understand the interactions between the host and P. vivax parasite in development of MSP-1(19)-based vaccine.
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Yeom JS, Kim ES, Lim KJ, Oh JH, Sohn MJ, Yoo SB, Kim E, Bae I, Jung YJ, Park JW. Naturally acquired IgM antibody response to the C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax in Korea: use for serodiagnosis of vivax malaria. J Parasitol 2009; 94:1410-4. [PMID: 18576813 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1484.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody levels against the C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax (PvMSP1c) were measured in 276 patients with P. vivax malaria (patient group), 320 malaria-naïve healthy individuals (control group 1), and 70 malaria-naïve individuals with various disorders (control group 2) using the immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the direct sandwich ELISA. To evaluate the antibody response during relapse, 5 relapsed patients were tested using the IgM capture ELISA. The IgM antibodies were negative in 99.7% of control group 1 and in 100% of control group 2; they were positive in 90.6% of the patient group. The total antibody levels were positive in 88.4% of the patient group with the direct sandwich ELISA. The sera from the second malaria episode, i.e., relapsed patients, were 100% positive on the IgM capture ELISA. The results of this study suggest that the IgM capture ELISA may be a useful diagnostic method for P. vivax malaria for both primary infection and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Sup Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea.
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Thakur A, Alam MT, Sharma YD. Genetic diversity in the C-terminal 42 kDa region of merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium vivax (PvMSP-1(42)) among Indian isolates. Acta Trop 2008; 108:58-63. [PMID: 18823930 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP-1) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate. This protein is processed to give rise to various sized fragments during merozoite maturation. Here, we describe the analysis of genetic diversity in the 42 kDa C-terminal part of this protein among 33 Indian P. vivax isolates. A total of 27 haplotypes with 72 mutations and 0.0212+/-0.0005S.D. over all pi nucleotide diversity were observed among the isolates. Twenty-six of 27 haplotypes reported here were new as they have not been reported so far from any other country. The difference between non-synonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) mutations was found to be positive (0.0081+/-0.0051) for the entire 42 kDa region. Further analysis revealed that 33 kDa (MSP-1(33)) fragment of the MSP-1(42) was highly polymorphic with pi nucleotide diversity 0.0290+/-0.0007S.D. The dN-dS for this region of MSP-1 was also positive (0.0114+/-0.0071S.E.). On the other hand, there was no non-synonymous mutation in the 19 kDa (MSP-1(19)) fragment of the MSP-1(42) and thus it was highly conserved. In conclusion, MSP-1(33) fragment was highly polymorphic and appeared to be under diversifying selection whereas there was no selection at MSP-1(19) region among the isolates. Present study will be helpful for the development of PvMSP-1 based vaccine against P. vivax malaria.
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Park J, Yoo SB, Oh JH, Yeom J, Lee Y, Bahk YY, Kim YS, Lim KJ. Diagnosis of vivax malaria using an IgM capture ELISA is a sensitive method, even for low levels of parasitemia. Parasitol Res 2008; 103:625-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barbedo MB, Ricci R, Jimenez MCS, Cunha MG, Yazdani SS, Chitnis CE, Rodrigues MM, Soares IS. Comparative recognition by human IgG antibodies of recombinant proteins representing three asexual erythrocytic stage vaccine candidates of Plasmodium vivax. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:335-9. [PMID: 17568939 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous immuno-epidemiological studies of the naturally acquired antibody responses to merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium vivax, we had evidence that the responses to distinct erythrocytic stage antigens could be differentially regulated. The present study was designed to compare the antibody response to three asexual erythrocytic stage antigens vaccine candidates of P. vivax. Recombinant proteins representing the 19 kDa C-terminal region of MSP-1(PvMSP19), apical membrane antigen n-1 ectodomain (PvAMA-1), and the region II of duffy binding protein (PvDBP-RII) were compared in their ability to bind to IgG antibodies of serum samples collected from 220 individuals from the state of Pará, in the North of Brazil. During patent infection with P. vivax, the frequency of individuals with IgG antibodies to PvMSP1(19), PvAMA-1, and PvDBP-RII were 95, 72.7, and 44.5% respectively. Although the frequency of responders to PvDBP-RII was lower, this frequency increased in individuals following multiple malarial infections. Individually, the specific antibody levels did not decline significantly nine months after treatment, except to PvMSP1(19). Our results further confirm a complex regulation of the immune response to distinct blood stage antigens. The reason for that is presently unknown but it may contribute to the high risk of re-infection in individuals living in the endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara B Barbedo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Súo Paulo, Brasil
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Yeom JS, Park SH, Ryu SH, Park HK, Woo SY, Ha EH, Lee BE, Yoo K, Lee JH, Kim KH, Kim S, Kim YA, Ahn SY, Oh S, Park HJ, Min GS, Seoh JY, Park JW. Serum cytokine profiles in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria: a comparison between those who presented with and without hepatic dysfunction. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 97:687-91. [PMID: 16117964 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(03)80104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2002] [Revised: 03/24/2003] [Accepted: 04/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the serum cytokine profiles of Plasmodium vivax malaria patients who presented with and without hepatic dysfunction. This is a retrospective analysis of 74 consecutive cases of P. vivax malaria seen at 3 military hospitals near the Demilitarized Zone in South Korea from 1999 to 2000. All patients studied were adult active duty servicemen. On admission, the mean (+/- SEM) age of the patients who presented with (n = 36) and without hepatic dysfunction (n = 38) was 21.6 +/- 0.24 and 22.5 +/- 0.44 years, respectively (P = 0.72). On admission, there was no significant difference between the 2 patient populations in terms of mean temperature, haemoglobin level, haematocrit, total white blood cell count, platelet count, parasite index, and serum concentration of transforming growth factor-beta. Plasmodium vivax malaria patients who presented with hepatic dysfunction had significantly higher mean serum concentrations of soluble Fas ligand, interleukin (IL)-l, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma than those without hepatic dysfunction, suggesting the involvement of these cytokines in the development of hepatic dysfunction. The mean serum concentration of IL-12 was significantly lower in patients with hepatic dysfunction. The mean body temperature was not significantly different between the 2 patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Sup Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Pyung-Dong 108, Jongro-Ku, Seoul 110-746, Republic of Korea
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Morais CG, Soares IS, Carvalho LH, Fontes CJF, Krettli AU, Braga EM. IgG isotype to C-terminal 19 kDa of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 among subjects with different levels of exposure to malaria in Brazil. Parasitol Res 2005; 95:420-6. [PMID: 15759156 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-1314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Subclasses of antibodies to the C-terminal 19 kDa fragment of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP-1(19)) were assessed among subjects with distinct degrees of malaria exposure in the Brazilian endemic area. The PvMSP-1(19) specific IgG1and IgG3 levels were low among subjects with long-term exposure (approximately 19 years) when compared to subjects less and sporadically exposed (<1 year). No statistically difference was observed in IgG subclass distribution of antibodies from symptomatic Plasmodium-infected patients, asymptomatic parasite carriers and non-infected subjects living in a same mesoendemic area. Subjects briefly exposed to a P. vivax outbreak living in a rural community outside the endemic area were also evaluated to measure the persistence of specific antibodies. IgG anti-PvMSP-1(19) antibodies persisted in 40% of the subjects who had had malarial symptoms 8 months before and decreased after 7 years (28%). Specific IgG1 were the predominant isotype. Our study emphasizes the highly immunogenicity of the PvMSP-1(19) and points toward its possible use as a potential malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane G Morais
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Oliveira-Ferreira J, Vargas-Serrato E, Barnwell JW, Moreno A, Galinski MR. Immunogenicity of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-9 recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli. Vaccine 2004; 22:2023-30. [PMID: 15121316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2002] [Revised: 04/10/2003] [Accepted: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein-9 of Plasmodium vivax (PvMSP-9) is highly conserved and present in several malaria species. Here, we present the immunogenic properties of two recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins comprising the N-terminus (PvMSP-9-Nt) and the second block of tandem repeats (PvMSP-9-RepII) of PvMSP9. These recombinants proteins were used to immunize BALB/c mice. The specificity and subtyping of the antibodies and the cellular immune responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ELISPOT, respectively, using the recombinant proteins as antigens. Our results demonstrate that both the N-terminal and the tandem repeat regions of MSP9 are immunogenic in mice. The ELISA antibody titers elicited by PvMSP-9-Nt were significantly higher (1:819,200) than the antibody titers elicited by PvMSP-9-RII (1:409,600). Analysis of IgG subclasses showed that both recombinant proteins induce similar antibody patterns where IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b were most predominant. Moreover, all sera from mice immunized with either PvMSP-9-Nt or PvMSP-9-RII, which were positive by ELISA showed reactivity with P. vivax, P. cynomolgi, P. knowlesi and P. coatneyi schizonts by immunofluorescence assays (IFA). Similar results were observed in western immunoblot analyses using parasite extracts. Furthermore, immunization of mice with the PvMSP-9-Nt upon stimulation with PvMSP-9-Nt secreted IFN-gamma and IL-5. We have also used the two PvMSP-9 recombinant constructs to show that individuals exposed to P. vivax infections in an endemic area of Brazil had IgG antibodies reactive with the recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Rodrigues MHC, Cunha MG, Machado RLD, Ferreira OC, Rodrigues MM, Soares IS. Serological detection of Plasmodium vivax malaria using recombinant proteins corresponding to the 19-kDa C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein-1. Malar J 2003; 2:39. [PMID: 14617378 PMCID: PMC293434 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-2-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serological tests to detect antibodies specific to Plasmodium vivax could be a valuable tool for epidemiological studies, for screening blood donors in areas where the malaria is not endemic and for diagnosis of infected individuals. Because P. vivax cannot be easily obtained in vitro, ELISA assays using total or semi-purified antigens are rarely used. Based on this limitation, we tested whether recombinant proteins representing the 19 kDa C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein-1 of P. vivax (MSP119) could be useful for serological detection of malaria infection. Methods Three purified recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli (GST-MSP119, His6-MSP119 and His6-MSP119-PADRE) and one in Pichia pastoris (yMSP119-PADRE) were compared for their ability to bind to IgG antibodies of individuals with patent P. vivax infection. The method was tested with 200 serum samples collected from individuals living in the north of Brazil in areas endemic for malaria, 53 serum samples from individuals exposed to Plasmodium falciparum infection and 177 serum samples from individuals never exposed to malaria. Results Overall, the sensitivity of the ELISA assessed with sera from naturally infected individuals was 95%. The proportion of serum samples that reacted with recombinant proteins GST-MSP119, His6-MSP119, His6-MSP119-PADRE and yMSP119-PADRE was 90%, 93.5%, 93.5% and 93.5%, respectively. The specificity values of the ELISA determined with sera from healthy individuals and from individuals with other infectious diseases were 98.3% (GST-MSP119), 97.7% (His6-MSP119 and His6-MSP119-PADRE) or 100% (yMSP119-PADRE). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that for the Brazilian population, an ELISA using a recombinant protein of the MSP119 can be used as the basis for the development of a valuable serological assay for the detection of P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena C Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela G Cunha
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Correa s/n, Belém, Pa, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo LD Machado
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Av. Almirante Barroso, 492, Belém, Pa, 66.090-000, Brazil
| | - Orlando C Ferreira
- Departamento de Hemoterapia, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, São Paulo, SP, 05651-901, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Irene S Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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Suh IB, Choi HK, Lee SW, Woo SK, Kang HY, Won YD, Cho M, Lim CS. Reactivity of sera from cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria towards three recombinant antigens based on the surface proteins of the parasite. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97:481-7. [PMID: 12930610 DOI: 10.1179/000349803235002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Sera collected in South Korea, from 61 cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria and, as controls, 40 healthy volunteers, were tested in ELISA for IgG or IgM reacting with any of three recombinant P. vivax proteins. The antigens used, representing the parasite's major merozoite surface protein (MSP), circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) and Duffy-binding protein (DBP), had all been expressed in an Escherichia coli system and purified. The ELISA results were recorded as optical densities (OD). The highest ratio observed between the mean OD for a malaria serum and that for a control serum was that for IgG against MSP, although CSP gave a higher ratio than MSP or DBP in the IgM ELISA. In the ELISA for IgG, the OD for MSP were found to be correlated with those for DBP (r = 0.53; P < 0.5) but the OD for CSP were not correlated with those for MSP or DBP. As the most intense reactions observed were those between the IgG from the malaria sera and the recombinant MSP, the latter antigen may be useful in diagnostic tests and as a component of any vaccine used to protect against P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516, Gojan Dong, Danwon Gu, Ansan City, 425-707, South Korea
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Cunha MG, Rodrigues MM, Soares IS. Comparison of the immunogenic properties of recombinant proteins representing the Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate MSP1(19) expressed in distinct bacterial vectors. Vaccine 2001; 20:385-96. [PMID: 11672901 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The 19kDa C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1(19)) is one of the most promising vaccine candidates against the erythrocytic forms of malaria. In the present study, we used three different Escherichia coli expression vectors to generate five recombinant proteins representing the MSP1(19) of Plasmodium vivax. These proteins were compared for reactivity with a panel of sera from individuals naturally exposed to P. vivax and for their immunogenicity in mice. Among the proteins studied, MSP1(19) expressed by the vector pET (His(6)-MSP1(19)) was better recognized by the antibodies of several individuals exposed to P. vivax. The addition of the T-cell Pan-allelic DR epitope (PADRE) did not alter the recognition of this recombinant protein by human antibodies. Although recombinant proteins were immunogenic to mice, immunization with MSP1(19) expressed by the pET or pGEX vectors induced significantly higher antibody titers than a protein produced by the pMAL vector. The antibody immune response elicited by His(6)-MSP1(19) containing the PADRE epitope was compared using different adjuvant formulations. After only two immunizing doses, antibody titers induced in the presence of the adjuvants TiterMax, MPL/TDM/CWS or alum plus CpG ODN 1826 were as high as titers generated by complete Freund's adjuvant. We concluded that, among the bacterial recombinant proteins, MSP1(19) expressed by the vector pET should be selected for further evaluation in pre-clinical immunizations against P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Cunha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, 6th Floor, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
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