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Jian Y, Chen T, Yang Z, Xiang G, Xu K, Wang Y, Zhao N, He L, Liu Q, Li M. Small regulatory RNA RSaX28 promotes virulence by reinforcing the stability of RNAIII in community-associated ST398 clonotype Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2341972. [PMID: 38597192 PMCID: PMC11034457 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2341972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a notorious pathogen that cause metastatic or complicated infections. Hypervirulent ST398 clonotype strains, remarkably increased in recent years, dominated Community-associated S. aureus (CA-SA) infections in the past decade in China. Small RNAs like RNAIII have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating the virulence of S. aureus, however, the regulatory roles played by many of these sRNAs in the ST398 clonotype strains are still unclear. Through transcriptome screening and combined with knockout phenotype analysis, we have identified a highly transcribed sRNA, RSaX28, in the ST398 clonotype strains. Sequence analysis revealed that RSaX28 is highly conserved in the most epidemic clonotypes of S. aureus, but its high transcription level is particularly prominent in the ST398 clonotype strains. Characterization of RSaX28 through RACE and Northern blot revealed its length to be 533nt. RSaX28 is capable of promoting the hemolytic ability, reducing biofilm formation capacity, and enhancing virulence of S. aureus in the in vivo murine infection model. Through IntaRNA prediction and EMSA validation, we found that RSaX28 can specifically interact with RNAIII, promoting its stability and positively regulating the translation of downstream alpha-toxin while inhibiting the translation of Sbi, thereby regulating the virulence and biofilm formation capacity of the ST398 clonotype strains. RSaX28 is an important virulence regulatory factor in the ST398 clonotype S. aureus and represents a potential important target for future treatment and immune intervention against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxiu Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu L, Lai Y, Li X, Ma H, Gong F, Sun X, Cao A, Jiang T, Han Y, Pan Z. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis in China. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106640. [PMID: 38614437 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens in bovine mastitis, which leads to substantial financial losses for the dairy industry. RESULTS In this study, S. aureus (n = 72) was isolated from 18 dairy farms in 15 provinces across China in 2021. The identification of these isolates at the species level was achieved by employing 16S rRNA sequencing. An isothermal amplification method for auxiliary detection of S. aureus was established, which can be employed not only for laboratory detection but also for point-of-care testing (POCT). Molecular characteristics of S. aureus mastitis in Chinese dairy cows were determined through MLST and spa typing. Finally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSA resistance genes were detected using MIC and PCR amplification techniques. 72 isolates were identified as 12 sequence types (STs) and 7 clonal complexes (CC). ST1/CC1 was the dominant prevalent accounting for 33.3 % of the total, and exhibiting a wide distribution range. In terms of spa types, t114 was the dominant type, accounting for 31.9 % of the total, followed by t529 as the second major type. Four S. aureus strains were classified as MRSA according to their levels of oxacillin resistance (MIC ≥4 μg/mL). Among these four MRSA strains, one of them was found to be mecA positive. However, the presence of drug-resistance genes mecA and mecC was not detected in the remaining three MRSA strains, indicating the possible existence of new resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study investigated the prevalence of S. aureus mastitis in dairy cows in China, while also examined the molecular characteristics and MRSA strains. This information will help with the clinical monitoring, prevention, and control of S. aureus mastitis in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Lai
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengju Gong
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqiang Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiqiao Cao
- Shenzhen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Quality & Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yintao Han
- Shenzhen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Quality & Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zihao Pan
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Gu J, Xiong M, Zhang J, Li Y. Prevalence and characterization of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human mastitis in Beijing, China. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 315:151623. [PMID: 38781847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) spreads worldwide and occurrence of mastitis caused by it holds significant implications for public health. We aim to reveal the molecular typing, antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profile of S. aureus causing mastitis through investigation. METHODS A total of 200 isolates of S. aureus were collected from outpatients infected with mastitis in a hospital in Beijing from 2020.7 to 2021.7. The molecular characteristics were analyzed by MLST and spa typing, virulence genes were screened by PCR, antibiotic susceptible test was performed by VITEK® 2 Compact system and phylogenetic analysis was performed by MEGA11 and iTOL. RESULTS Nineteen sequence types (STs) belonging to 9 clone complexes (CCs) were identified. ST22 was the most dominant clone (77.0%, 154/200). MRSA accounted for 19.0% (38/200) and 89.5% (34/38) of MRSA isolates belonged to CC22 and CC59. The isolates had relatively low levels of antibiotic resistance, with the exception of β-lactams and macrolides with resistance rates above 50.0%. The carrying rate of pvl in the ST22-MRSA strains were 84.2% and the detection rates of seb and pvl in the MRSA isolates were significantly higher than those in the MSSA isolates, while the hlg, fnbA and sdrD showed opposite results. Whole genome sequenced specimens of MRSA strains X4 and B5 show the same evolutionary origin as ST22 EMRSA-15 (HE681097), which is popular in Europe. CONCLUSIONS The method based on molecular epidemiology is an important tool for tracking the spread of S. aureus infections. We need to be alert to the major MRSA clones CC22 and CC59 in the region and be vigilant to the possible pandemic and spread of ST22 EMRSA-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Souza SSR, Smith JT, Marcovici MM, Eckhardt EM, Hansel NB, Martin IW, Andam CP. Demographic fluctuations in bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus lineages configure the mobile gene pool and antimicrobial resistance. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2024; 2:14. [PMID: 38725655 PMCID: PMC11076216 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-024-00032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus in the bloodstream causes high morbidity and mortality, exacerbated by the spread of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We aimed to characterize the circulating lineages of S. aureus from bloodstream infections and the contribution of individual lineages to resistance over time. Here, we generated 852 high-quality short-read draft genome sequences of S. aureus isolates from patient blood cultures in a single hospital from 2010 to 2022. A total of 80 previously recognized sequence types (ST) and five major clonal complexes are present in the population. Two frequently detected lineages, ST5 and ST8 exhibited fluctuating demographic structures throughout their histories. The rise and fall in their population growth coincided with the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements, and superantigen genes, thus shaping the accessory genome structure across the entire population. These results reflect undetected selective events and changing ecology of multidrug-resistant S. aureus in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. R. Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, NY USA
| | - Joshua T. Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Michael M. Marcovici
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, NY USA
| | - Elissa M. Eckhardt
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Nicole B. Hansel
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Isabella W. Martin
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Cheryl P. Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, NY USA
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Bang J, Park J, Lee SH, Jang J, Hwang J, Kamarov O, Park HJ, Lee SJ, Seo MD, Won HS, Seok SH, Kim JH. Nontraditional Roles of Magnesium Ions in Modulating Sav2152: Insight from a Haloacid Dehalogenase-like Superfamily Phosphatase from Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5021. [PMID: 38732240 PMCID: PMC11084212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has rapidly spread through various routes. A genomic analysis of clinical MRSA samples revealed an unknown protein, Sav2152, predicted to be a haloacid dehalogenase (HAD)-like hydrolase, making it a potential candidate for a novel drug target. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of Sav2152, which consists of a C2-type cap domain and a core domain. The core domain contains four motifs involved in phosphatase activity that depend on the presence of Mg2+ ions. Specifically, residues D10, D12, and D233, which closely correspond to key residues in structurally homolog proteins, are responsible for binding to the metal ion and are known to play critical roles in phosphatase activity. Our findings indicate that the Mg2+ ion known to stabilize local regions surrounding it, however, paradoxically, destabilizes the local region. Through mutant screening, we identified D10 and D12 as crucial residues for metal binding and maintaining structural stability via various uncharacterized intra-protein interactions, respectively. Substituting D10 with Ala effectively prevents the interaction with Mg2+ ions. The mutation of D12 disrupts important structural associations mediated by D12, leading to a decrease in the stability of Sav2152 and an enhancement in binding affinity to Mg2+ ions. Additionally, our study revealed that D237 can replace D12 and retain phosphatase activity. In summary, our work uncovers the novel role of metal ions in HAD-like phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Bang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Jaehui Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Sung-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Jinhwa Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Junwoo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Otabek Kamarov
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hae-Joon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Soo-Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Seok
- College of Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 632433, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (J.B.); (J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (J.J.); (J.H.); (O.K.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-J.L.)
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Ghoreyshizadeh E, Manouchehrifar M, Ramazanzadeh R, Peeri Doghaheh H, Amani M, Arzanlou M. Occurrence and Characteristics of Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in Retail Foods in Iran. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:331-338. [PMID: 38346315 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes various toxigenic and invasive diseases in humans worldwide. This study examined the prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolates collected from 894 retail food samples in Ardabil, Iran. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), spa, and multilocus sequence typing methods were employed to further investigate the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. The results revealed that 11.18% (n = 100) of food samples exhibited contamination with S. aureus (10.50% methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA] and 0.67% MRSA). Notably, raw minced meat (29.41%), Faloodeh (25%), and Olivier salad (21.42%) emerged as the most frequently contaminated food items. Among the 100 isolates of S. aureus, 94% were characterized as MSSA, with the remaining 6% identified as MRSA. The highest resistance was observed for penicillin (12%). MRSA isolates exhibited significantly higher resistance rates. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates were positive for sea, 14% for seb, 8% for a sec, and 0% for sed enterotoxin-encoding genes. Sixteen percent of isolates harbored two or more staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, simultaneously. Moreover, 97%, 94%, 24%, and 22% of isolates were positive for hla, hld, tst, and pvl virulence-encoding genes, respectively. No isolate was positive for the exfoliative toxins encoding eta and etb genes. MRSA isolates belonged to CC8 (n = 4) and CC22 (n = 2). Isolates in CC8 belonged to lineage ST239-MRSA-III and spa type t030; the isolates in CC22 belonged to ST22-MRSA-IV and spa types t310 and t223. In conclusion, a relatively high proportion of our retail food samples were contaminated with S. aureus. The high incidence of isolates with toxigenic genes raises serious health concerns. Furthermore, the presence of MRSA lineages linked to humans suggests that retail foods may be contaminated with human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ghoreyshizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Meysam Manouchehrifar
- Food Control Laboratory, Deputy of Food and Drug, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rashid Ramazanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri Doghaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Cheney L, Payne M, Kaur S, Lan R. SaLTy: a novel Staphylococcus aureus Lineage Typer. Microb Genom 2024; 10. [PMID: 38739116 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonises 30 % of humans but can also cause a range of diseases, which can be fatal. In 2017 S. aureus was associated with 20 000 deaths in the USA alone. Dividing S. aureus isolates into smaller sub-groups can reveal the emergence of distinct sub-populations with varying potential to cause infections. Despite multiple molecular typing methods categorising such sub-groups, they do not take full advantage of S. aureus genome sequences when describing the fundamental population structure of the species. In this study, we developed Staphylococcus aureus Lineage Typing (SaLTy), which rapidly divides the species into 61 phylogenetically congruent lineages. Alleles of three core genes were identified that uniquely define the 61 lineages and were used for SaLTy typing. SaLTy was validated on 5000 genomes and 99.12 % (4956/5000) of isolates were assigned the correct lineage. We compared SaLTy lineages to previously calculated clonal complexes (CCs) from BIGSdb (n=21 173). SALTy improves on CCs by grouping isolates congruently with phylogenetic structure. SaLTy lineages were further used to describe the carriage of Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette containing mecA (SCCmec) which is carried by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Most lineages had isolates lacking SCCmec and the four largest lineages varied in SCCmec over time. Classifying isolates into SaLTy lineages, which were further SCCmec typed, allowed SaLTy to describe high-level MRSA epidemiology. We provide SaLTy as a simple typing method that defines phylogenetic lineages (https://github.com/LanLab/SaLTy). SaLTy is highly accurate and can quickly analyse large amounts of S. aureus genome data. SaLTy will aid the characterisation of S. aureus populations and ongoing surveillance of sub-groups that threaten human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Cheney
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Piper KR, Ikhimiukor OO, Souza SSR, Garcia-Aroca T, Andam CP. Evolutionary dynamics of the accessory genomes of Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2024; 9:e0075123. [PMID: 38501935 PMCID: PMC11036810 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00751-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous commensal and opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can cause a wide gamut of infections, which are exacerbated by the presence of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. S. aureus is genetically heterogeneous and consists of numerous distinct lineages. Using 558 complete genomes of S. aureus, we aim to determine how the accessory genome content among phylogenetic lineages of S. aureus is structured and has evolved. Bayesian hierarchical clustering identified 10 sequence clusters, of which seven contained major sequence types (ST 1, 5, 8, 30, 59, 239, and 398). The seven sequence clusters differed in their accessory gene content, including genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Focusing on the two largest clusters, BAPS8 and BAPS10, and each consisting mostly of ST5 and ST8, respectively, we found that the structure and connected components in the co-occurrence networks of accessory genomes varied between them. These differences are explained, in part, by the variation in the rates at which the two sequence clusters gained and lost accessory genes, with the highest rate of gene accumulation occurring recently in their evolutionary histories. We also identified a divergent group within BAPS10 that has experienced high gene gain and loss early in its history. Together, our results show highly variable and dynamic accessory genomes in S. aureus that are structured by the history of the specific lineages that carry them.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic, multi-host pathogen that can cause a variety of benign and life-threatening infections. Our results revealed considerable differences in the structure and evolution of the accessory genomes of major lineages within S. aureus. Such genomic variation within a species can have important implications on disease epidemiology, pathogenesis of infection, and interactions with the vertebrate host. Our findings provide important insights into the underlying genetic basis for the success of S. aureus as a highly adaptable and resistant pathogen, which will inform current efforts to control and treat staphylococcal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R. Piper
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Odion O. Ikhimiukor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie S. R. Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Teddy Garcia-Aroca
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Cheryl P. Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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Park KH, Kim D, Jung M, Kim DY, Lee YM, Lee MS, Hong KW, Bae IG, Hong SI, Cho OH. Effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin on biofilm formation of clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0341223. [PMID: 38651875 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03412-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are often difficult to treat because of their biofilm-forming ability and antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the effects of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics on MRSA biofilm formation. Clinical MRSA isolates were grown with sub-MICs (1/256-1/2 × MICs) of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin. The biofilm biomass was measured using crystal violet staining. Of the 107 MRSA isolates tested, 63 (58.9%) belonged to sequence type 5 (ST5), and 44 (41.1%) belonged to ST72. The MIC50/MIC90 values of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin were 256/512, 1/2, 64/512, and 0.008/0.03 mg/L, respectively. The sub-MICs of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin promoted biofilm formation in 75 (70.1%), 49 (45.8%), 89 (83.2%), and 89 (83.2%) isolates, respectively. At sub-MICs of nafcillin, the factors associated with strong biofilm induction were the ST5 strain (P = 0.001) and agr dysfunction (P = 0.005). For the sub-MICs of ciprofloxacin, the associated factors were the ST5 strain (P = 0.002), staphylococcal protein A type t002 strain (P < 0.001), and ciprofloxacin resistance (P < 0.001). Among the sub-MICs of rifampin, only ST5 was associated with strong biofilm induction (P = 0.006). Because the sub-MICs of rifampin were much lower than clinically relevant concentrations, we further tested the capability of biofilm induction in 0.03[Formula: see text]32 mg/L of rifampin. At these concentrations, rifampin-induced biofilm formation was rare in rifampin-susceptible MRSA [1.0% (1 of 100)] but common in rifampin-resistant MRSA [71.4% (5 of 7), P < 0.001]. Induction of biofilm biomass at sub-MICs of antibiotics is common in clinical MRSA isolates and is differentially affected by the MRSA strain and antibiotic class. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can be exposed to sub-MICs of antibiotics at the beginning and end of a dosing regimen, between doses, or during low-dose therapies. Growing evidence suggests that sub-MICs of antimicrobials can stimulate MRSA biofilm formation and alter the composition of the biofilm matrix. Pevious studies have found that sub-MICs of oxacillin, methicillin, and amoxicillin promote biofilm formation in some community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). We evaluated biofilm induction by sub-MICs of four different classes of antibiotics in 44 CA-MRSA and 63 healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains. Our study indicated that sub-MICs of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin frequently promote biofilm induction in clinical MRSA isolates. Strong biofilm induction in sub-MICs of nafcillin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin was more frequent in HA-MRSA than in CA-MRSA. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation depends on the antibiotic class, MRSA strain, and antibiotic resistance. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining effective bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics to treat biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Youn Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
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10
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Lin YC, Lee YL, Chen YH, Tsao SM, Wang WY. Puerperal mastitis caused by limited community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clones. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1378207. [PMID: 38707192 PMCID: PMC11066212 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1378207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To outline the epidemiology of puerperal mastitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and evaluate the effect of an infection control bundle on its incidence. Methods A surge in MRSA puerperal mastitis was noted in a community hospital in September 2009. MRSA samples from mastitis cases and the environment underwent typing using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), gene encoding surface protein A (spa), accessory gene regulator (agr), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The phenotypic characteristics, including superantigen toxin profiles, gene encoding Panton-Valentine leucocidin (pvl), and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against vancomycin, were ascertained. Subsequently, an infection control bundle emphasizing contact precautions was introduced, and mastitis incidence rates pre- and post-intervention were compared. Results The majority of cases occurred within 6 weeks post-delivery in first-time mothers. Of the 42 S. aureus isolates (27 from mastitis and 15 from colonized staff and environmental sources), 25 (92.6%) clinical and 3 (20%) colonized MRSA were identified as ST59-SCCmecVT-spa t437-agr group I with a vancomycin MIC of 1 mg/L, pvl-positive, and predominantly with a consistent toxin profile (seb-selk-selr). PFGE revealed 13 patterns; pulsotype B exhibited clonal relatedness between two clinical and three colonized MRSA samples. Post-intervention, the incidence of both mastitis and MRSA mastitis notably decreased from 13.01 to 1.78 and from 3.70 to 0.99 episodes per 100 deliveries, respectively. Conclusion Distinct community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) clones were detected among puerperal mastitis patients and colonized staff. The outbreak was effectively controlled following the implementation of a targeted infection control bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Tsao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yao Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Guillén R, Salinas C, Mendoza-Álvarez A, Rubio Rodríguez LA, Díaz-de Usera A, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, Flores C, Rodríguez F. Genomic epidemiology of the primary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones causing invasive infections in Paraguayan children. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0301223. [PMID: 38415665 PMCID: PMC10986618 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03012-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major human pathogens. It could carry numerous resistance genes and virulence factors in its genome, some of which are related to the severity of the infection. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed to molecularly analyze MRSA isolates that cause invasive infections in Paraguayan children from 2009 to 2013. Ten representative MRSA isolates of the main clonal complex identified were analyzed with short-read paired-end sequencing and assessed for the virulome, resistome, and phylogenetic relationships. All the genetically linked MRSA isolates were recovered from diverse clinical sources, patients, and hospitals at broad gap periods. The pan-genomic analysis of these clones revealed three major and different clonal complexes (CC30, CC5, and CC8), each composed of clones closely related to each other. The CC30 genomes prove to be a successful clone, strongly installed and disseminated throughout our country, and closely related to other CC30 public genomes from the region and the world. The CC5 shows the highest genetic variability, and the CC8 carried the complete arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), closely related to the USA300-NAE-ACME+, identified as the major cause of CA-MRSA infections in North America. Multiple virulence and resistance genes were identified for the first time in this study, highlighting the complex virulence profiles of MRSA circulating in the country. This study opens a wide range of new possibilities for future projects and trials to improve the existing knowledge on the epidemiology of MRSA circulating in Paraguay. IMPORTANCE The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a public health problem worldwide. The most frequent MRSA clones identified in Paraguay in previous studies (including community and hospital acquired) were the Pediatric (CC5-ST5-IV), the Cordobes-Chilean (CC5-ST5-I), the SouthWest Pacific (CC30-ST30-IV), and the Brazilian (CC8-ST239-III) clones. In this study, the pan-genomic analysis of the most representative MRSA clones circulating in invasive infection in Paraguayan children over the years 2009-2013, such as the CC30-ST30-IV, CC5-ST5-IV, and CC8-ST8-IV, was carried out to evaluate their genetic diversity, their repertoire of virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance determinants. This revealed multiple virulence and resistance genes, highlighting the complex virulence profiles of MRSA circulating in Paraguay. Our work is the first genomic study of MRSA in Paraguay and will contribute to the development of genomic surveillance in the region and our understanding of the global epidemiology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Guillén
- Microbiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción (IICS-UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Claudia Salinas
- Microbiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción (IICS-UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Luis A. Rubio Rodríguez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz-de Usera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M. Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción (IICS-UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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12
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Pardo L, Mota MI, Parnizari A, Varela A, Algorta G, Varela G. Detection of Vancomycin Resistance among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Children with Invasive Diseases in a Reference Pediatric Hospital. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:298. [PMID: 38666974 PMCID: PMC11047724 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin is the cornerstone in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, therapeutic failures can occur when MRSA strains with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides (DSG) are involved. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize DSG in MRSA recovered from children with invasive diseases at a reference pediatric hospital between 2009 and 2019. Fifty-two MRSA strains were screened using agar plates with vancomycin 3 and 4 mg/L (BHI-3 and BHI-4); the VITEK2 system; and standard and macro E-tests. Suspicious hVISA were studied by population analysis profiling-area under the curve (PAP-AUC), and wall thickness was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Neither VRSA nor VISA were detected in this set. As only three strains met the hVISA criteria, the PAP-AUC study included 12 additional MRSA strains that grew one colony on BHI-4 plates or showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and/or teicoplanin ≥ 1.5 mg/L. One strain was confirmed as hVISA by PAP-AUC. The wall thickness was greater than the vancomycin-susceptible control strain; it belonged to ST30 and carried SCCmec IV. As expected, a low frequency of hVISA was found (1.9%). The only hVISA confirmed by PAP-AUC was not detected by the screening methods, highlighting the challenge that its detection represents for microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pardo
- Bacteriology and Virology Academic Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.I.M.); (A.P.)
- Pediatric “C” Academic Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - María Inés Mota
- Bacteriology and Virology Academic Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.I.M.); (A.P.)
- Bacteriology Laboratory, “Pereira Rossell” Pediatric Hospital, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (A.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Andrés Parnizari
- Bacteriology and Virology Academic Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.I.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Varela
- Bacteriology Laboratory, “Pereira Rossell” Pediatric Hospital, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (A.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriela Algorta
- Bacteriology Laboratory, “Pereira Rossell” Pediatric Hospital, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (A.V.); (G.A.)
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Bacteriology and Virology Academic Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.I.M.); (A.P.)
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Chakrawarti A, Eckstrom K, Laaguiby P, Barlow JW. Hybrid Illumina-Nanopore assembly improves identification of multilocus sequence types and antimicrobial resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Vermont dairy farms: comparison to Illumina-only and R9.4.1 nanopore-only assemblies. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000766.v3. [PMID: 38725589 PMCID: PMC11077346 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000766.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Staphylococcus aureus is a pressing public health challenge with significant implications for the dairy industry, encompassing bovine mastitis concerns and potential zoonotic threats. To delve deeper into the resistance mechanisms of S. aureus, this study employed a hybrid whole genome assembly approach that synergized the precision of Illumina with the continuity of Oxford Nanopore. A total of 62 isolates, collected from multiple sources from Vermont dairy farms, were sequenced using the GridION Oxford Nanopore R9.4.1 platform and the Illumina platform, and subsequently processed through our long-read first bioinformatics pipeline. Our analyses showcased the hybrid-assembled genome's superior completeness compared to Oxford Nanopore (R9.4.1)-only or Illumina-only assembled genomes. Furthermore, the hybrid assembly accurately determined multilocus sequence typing (MLST) strain types across all isolates. The comprehensive probe for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) using databases like CARD, Resfinder, and MEGARES 2.0 characterized AMR in S. aureus isolates from Vermont dairy farms, and revealed the presence of notable resistance genes, including beta-lactam genes blaZ, blaI, and blaR. In conclusion, the hybrid assembly approach emerged as a tool for uncovering the genomic nuances of S. aureus isolates collected from multiple sources on dairy farms. Our findings offer a pathway for detecting AMR gene prevalence and shaping AMR management strategies crucial for safeguarding human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashma Chakrawarti
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Korin Eckstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Pheobe Laaguiby
- Advanced Genome Technologies Core, Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - John W. Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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14
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Zhan Q, Teng G, Chen W, Yu X. High prevalence of ST5-SCCmec II-t311 clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bloodstream infections in East China. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:89. [PMID: 38491414 PMCID: PMC10943896 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a challenging global health threat, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to determine the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of 263 MRSA isolates in Zhejiang Province, east China. METHODS From 2014 to 2019, a total of 263 MRSA isolates from bloodstream infections (BSIs) were collected from 6 hospitals in 4 cities in Zhejiang province, east China. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted according to the guidelines set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). To characterize and analyze these isolates, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and virulence genes gene profiles were performed. RESULTS The most predominant clone was ST5-SCCmec II-t311, which accounted for 41.8% (110/263), followed by ST59 (44/263, 16.7%). Compared with non-ST5-II-t311 isolates, ST5-II-t311 isolates were more resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but more susceptible to clindamycin. Moreover, the rates of multidrug resistance were higher in ST5-II-t311 isolates compared to the non-ST5-II-t311 isolates. In comparison to the non-ST5-II-t311 isolates, ST5-II-t311 isolates showed no significant difference in virulence genes detected. CONCLUSIONS MRSA ST5-II-t311 clone has become the most predominant clone in Zhejiang Province, east China and has higher rates of multidrug resistance than other isolates, that should be kept in mind when treating BSI. Moreover, MRSA ST59 clone shows an upward trend and has begun to spread into hospitals. Our findings highlight the importance of epidemiological studies of S. aureus carriage in the eastern region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhan
- Infection Control Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoqin Teng
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Rønning TG, Enger H, Afset JE, Ås CG. Insights from a decade of surveillance: Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Norway from 2008 to 2017. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297333. [PMID: 38470881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Norway has a low prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and reporting of all MRSA cases has been mandatory, including infections and carriage, since 1995 and 2005 accordingly. This provides a unique window to study the spread of MRSA in Norway over time. The aim of this study was to analyze the nationwide trends in the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Norway over a period of 10 years. METHODS Clinical and epidemiological data as well as bacterial genotype (spa-type and PVL) were analyzed for all reported MRSA cases in Norway in the period 2008-2017. RESULTS During the study period, there were 15,200 MRSA cases reported in Norway, from 14,386 patients. The notification rate per 100,000 population increased by 15% annually, rising from 14.2 in 2007 to 48.6 in 2017. This increase was primarily driven by MRSA carriage and community-associated MRSA cases. The incidence of invasive infections remained stable and low, at less than 0.5. The incidence of healthcare-associated MRSA showed an increasing trend, while the number of outbreak-related cases, particularly those associated with nursing homes, decreased. Overall, there were significantly more MRSA infections in males than females. Interestingly, there was a significantly higher prevalence of MRSA infections in female young adolescents compared to males. spa-typing revealed a very heterogeneous MRSA population (D = 0.97), predominantly impacted by international travel and migration patterns, and less by domestic spread in the community. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that Norway, while still classified as a low-prevalence country, has experienced a significant increase in the incidence of MRSA between 2008 and 2017, which can predominantly be attributed to CA-MRSA and MRSA carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Gresdal Rønning
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hege Enger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Egil Afset
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christina Gabrielsen Ås
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Wang X, Sun X, Liu W, Li H, Wang J, Wang D. Amino acid-mediated amorphous copper sulphide with enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency for antibacterial application. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:142-154. [PMID: 38035417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria in daily life, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), often seriously affect human life and health. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, so it is urgent to develop efficient and non-drug-resistant sterilization methods. Here, we use small-molecule cysteine (Cys) as an auxiliary agent to synthesize spherical porous amorphous CuS-Cysteine (CuS-C) nanoparticles, which have good dispersion in aqueous solutions, and explore the reaction mechanism of Cys-induced CuS synthesis. The synthesized composite nanomaterials have strong near-infrared light absorption ability and efficient photothermal conversion ability and can effectively ablate pathogenic bacteria under the irradiation of an 808 nm laser. In addition, antibacterial experiments showed that CuS-C composites had no bactericidal effect without near-infrared light, but they had a good photothermal bactericidal effect on S. aureus and E. coli under radiation conditions. Considering the simple synthesis process, strong photothermal conversion ability, low cost, and suitability for large-scale production, CuS-C nanocomposites, as a promising antibacterial material, will provide a feasible scheme for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Jiqian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China.
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17
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Olivo G, Zakia LS, Ribeiro MG, da Cunha MDLRDS, Riboli DFM, Mello PL, Teixeira NB, de Araújo CET, Oliveira-Filho JP, Borges AS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. investigation in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel in a teaching veterinary hospital. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105031. [PMID: 38336267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococci are well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with suppurative diseases in humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance is an emergent threat to humans and animals worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel (veterinarians and staff), and assessed possible interspecies transmission in a teaching veterinary hospital. Nasal swabs from horses (n = 131) and humans (n = 35) were collected. The microorganisms were identified by traditional biochemical tests and genotypic methods, i.e., PCR, internal transcript spacer PCR (ITS-PCR), and gene sequencing. Staphylococcal species were isolated in 18% (23/131) of the horses, of which 8% (11/131) were S. hyicus, 4 % (5/131) were S. aureus, 4% (5/131) were S. pseudintermedius, and 2% (2/131) were S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans. The mecA gene was detected in an S. pseudintermedius isolate. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated in 40% (14/35) of the human samples, all of which were S. aureus. In four samples of S. aureus, the clonal profile ST398 was identified; among them, a clonal similarity of 98.1% was observed between a horse and a contacting human. This finding supports the need for biosecurity measures to avoid the spread of multidrug-resistant staphylococci in humans and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane Olivo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Luiza Stachewski Zakia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flávio Morais Riboli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Luiza Mello
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bibiana Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Erineudo Tavares de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - José Paes Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Secorun Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
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Gulone L, Di Gregorio S, Morales M, Haim MS, García S, Perazzi B, Famiglietti A, Mollerach M. The Changing Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Blood Cultures in a University Hospital from Argentina. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:109-117. [PMID: 38133499 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is one of the most common serious bacterial infections worldwide. In this study, we demonstrated changes in SAB epidemiology in an Argentinean University Hospital during an 8-year period (2009-2016). A total of 326 S. aureus clinical isolates were recovered in three periods: P1: 2009-2010, P2: 2012-2014, and P3: 2015-2016. Among these, 127 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods. We hereby report a significant decline in multiple drug resistance among MRSA isolates associated with an increase in SCCmec IV between the three periods. A diversity of MRSA-IV clones (mainly ST30-MRSA-IV, ST5-MRSA-IV, and ST8-MRSA-IV) replaced between 2009 and 2016 the previous prevalent MRSA clone causing bloodstream infections at this hospital (ST5-MRSA-I). MRSA population structure continued to diversify between P2 and P3. Notably, ST8-MRSA-IV-t008 related to USA300 was first detected during P2, and ST8-MRSA-IV together with ST30-MRSA-IV related to the Southwest Pacific clone were the more prevalent MRSA genotypes circulating during P3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gulone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Di Gregorio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Haim
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana García
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Perazzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angela Famiglietti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Mollerach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chakrawarti A, Casey CL, Burk A, Mugabi R, Ochoa A, Barlow JW. An observational study demonstrates human-adapted Staphylococcus aureus strains have a higher frequency of antibiotic resistance compared to cattle-adapted strains isolated from dairy farms making farmstead cheese. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:75. [PMID: 38409123 PMCID: PMC10898128 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a multi-host zoonotic pathogen causing human and livestock diseases. Dairy farms that make artisan cheese have distinctive concerns for S. aureus control. Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) S. aureus is a public and animal health concern. There is a need to study the population structure of AMR S. aureus at the human-animal interface and understand the path of zoonotic transmission. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and AMR patterns of S. aureus isolated from cattle and humans on conventional and organic Vermont dairy farms that produce and sell farmstead cheese. RESULTS A convenience sample of 19 dairy farms in Vermont was enrolled, and 160 S. aureus isolates were collected from cow quarter milk (CQM), bulk tank milk (BTM), human-hand and -nasal swabs. After deduplication, 89 isolates were used for the analysis. Sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing and cataloged to the PubMLST database. Nine defined and five novel STs were identified. For BTM and CQM samples, six STs were identified within cow-adapted CC97 and CC151. Two human-adapted STs were isolated from BTM and CQM. Seven human-adapted clonal complexes with eight STs were identified from human samples. One cow-adapted ST was isolated from a human. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Approximately 27% of the isolates were beta-lactam resistant and blaZ gene-positive. S. aureus isolates from human swabs were more likely to carry blaZ compared to isolates from CQM or BTM. S. aureus isolated from cows and humans on the same farm belonged to different STs. CONCLUSION Humans were more likely to carry beta-lactam-resistant S. aureus compared to cows, and on organic farms only human-adapted blaZ positive STs were isolated from BTM. Moreover, we identified potential spillover events of S. aureus sequence types between host species. The presence of penicillin-resistant-human-adapted S. aureus on both organic and conventional dairy farms highlights a "One Health" concern at the junction of public and animal health requiring further surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashma Chakrawarti
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christine L Casey
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Ariela Burk
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert Mugabi
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - John W Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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20
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Kim G, Lee S, Lee Y, Kim JH, Lee J. The molecular epidemiology and clinical implication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence types in pediatric bacteremia: a restrospective observational study, 2016-2021. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:259. [PMID: 38402154 PMCID: PMC10894466 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is a high burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among pediatric patients, studies on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA infections in Korean children since the 2010s are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the molecular genotypes and clinical characteristics of MRSA isolates from children with MRSA bacteremia at Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital from 2016 to 2021. METHODS Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed, and the molecular types of MRSA were determined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. RESULTS The overall methicillin resistance rate of S. aureus bacteremia was 44.8% (77/172); 49.5% in the period 2016-2018 (period 1) and 37.3% in the period 2019-2021 (period 2) (P = 0.116). Community-acquired infections accounted for only 3.9% of cases. The predominant ST group was ST72 group (67.6%), followed by ST5 group (18.9%) and ST1 group (5.4%). The proportion of ST5 was significantly lower in period 2 compared to period 1 (P = 0.02). Compared to the ST5 and ST1 groups, the ST72 group exhibited lower overall antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant (MDR) rates (12.0% [6/50] in ST72 group vs. 100.0% [14/14] in ST5 group vs. 50.0% [2/4] in ST1 group; P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the ST1 group was an independent risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality (aOR, 44.12; 95% CI, 3.46-562.19). CONCLUSION The ST72-MRSA strain remained the most frequently isolated genotype in Korean children, while the ST1 group emerged as an independent risk factor for 30-day all-cause mortality in pediatric MRSA bacteremia. Ongoing efforts to uncover the evolving epidemiology of MRSA are essential for developing effective strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangwon National University hospital, Chunchen, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Lee M, Choi Y, Choi SJ, Moon SM, Kim ES, Kim HB, Ahn S, Lee H, Kim J, Shin DW, Yeom J, Park JS, Song KH. Staphylococcus argenteus bacteremia in the Republic of Korea. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0279823. [PMID: 38197655 PMCID: PMC10846198 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02798-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2015, Staphylococcus argenteus and Staphylococcus schweitzeri were proposed as new species, distinct from Staphylococcus aureus and collectively referred to as the S. aureus complex. However, no clinical reports of these new species exist in Korea. Upon the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for all bloodstream isolates since September 2022, S. argenteus was identified in one patient. Therefore, we aimed to search for new species among the archives of the S. aureus bacteremia cohort and describe their clinical and microbiological characteristics. Among the 691 archived S. aureus isolates between 2012 and 2018, one was identified as S. argenteus via MALDI-TOF MS. Both S. argenteus isolates (one in 2022) were obtained from patients with extensive pneumonia accompanied by bacteremia and both cases had fatal outcomes. They harbored multiple virulence genes (clfA, clfB, fnbpA, sdrC, sdrD, sdrE, bbp, cna, see, seg, sei, blaZ, fnbpB, and map) but did not harbor mecA and pvl. No matched sequence type (ST) was found in either isolate, and both S. argenteus isolates were closely related to ST1594, ST1593, ST1793, and ST1303, which belonged to S. argenteus. S. argenteus accounted for <1% of the S. aureus complex but had clinical characteristics similar to S. aureus. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of these factors to avoid misidentifying these strains as coagulase-negative staphylococci, and appropriate reporting is required to minimize confusion.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus argenteus, a member of Staphylococcus aureus complex, has been reported as an important pathogen that causes clinically invasive infections in humans similar to S. aureus. Clinical isolates of S. argenteus have been reported across the world, showing a large geographical difference in prevalence and genomic profile. However, there have been no clinical reports regarding this new species in Korea. This is the first report to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of S. argenteus identified in patients with bacteremia, and the proportion of S. argenteus bacteremia among S. aureus bacteremia cohort in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Mi Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Department of Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinki Yeom
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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22
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Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Hirose M, Kimura Y, Kudo K, Ito M, Kobayashi N. Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Bloodstream Infections in Northern Japan: Increasing Trend of CC1 and Identification of ST8-SCC mec IVa USA300-Like Isolate Lacking Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:63-72. [PMID: 38100132 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major infectious disease pathogen, and its molecular epidemiological profile has been changing. In this study, a total of 279 MRSA isolates were collected from patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) in Hokkaido, northern main island of Japan, for a 2-year period from August 2019 to July 2021. CC5 (ST5/ST764)-MRSA-IIa (SCCmec-IIa) (47%, n = 132) and CC1 (ST1/ST2725/ST2764)-MRSA-IVa (42%, n = 116) were found to be major lineages, with CC8-MRSA-IVa being lower prevalence (5%, n = 13). CC1-MRSA-IVa showed a relatively increased proportion compared with our previous study (22%, 2017-2019). Seven isolates with SCCmec IVa (2.5%) were positive for Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes on ΦSa2usa and belonged to ST8/spa-t008/agr-I/coa-IIIa, showing genetic features of the USA300 clone. Among these isolates, six isolates harbored arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) type I typical to the USA300 clone, while it was not detected in an isolate (strain R3-8). Whole genomic analysis of strain R3-8 revealed that its chromosome was highly similar to the USA300 strain TCH1516, but lacked ACME, carrying a plasmid genetically close to that of USA300 strains. The present study revealed increasing trend of CC1-MRSA-IV and occurrence of a novel variant of the USA300 clone among MRSA from BSI in northern Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mina Hirose
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kimura
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kudo
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Saei HD, McClure JA, Kashif A, Chen S, Conly JM, Zhang K. The Role of Prophage ϕSa3 in the Adaption of Staphylococcus aureus ST398 Sublineages from Human to Animal Hosts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:112. [PMID: 38391498 PMCID: PMC10886223 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus sequence type (ST) 398 is a lineage affecting both humans and livestock worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying its clonal evolution are still not clearly elucidated. We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) typing to 45 S. aureus strains from China and Canada between 2005 and 2014, in order to gain insight into their evolutionary pathway. Based on WGS phylogenetic analysis, 42 isolates were assigned to the human-associated clade (I/II-GOI) and 3 isolates to livestock-associated clade (IIa). Phylogeny of ϕSa3 sequences revealed five phage groups (Groups 1-5), with Group 1 carrying ϕSa3-Group 1 (ϕSa3-G1), Group 2 carrying ϕSa3-G2, Group 3 carrying ϕSa3-G3, Group 4 carrying ϕSa3-G4 and Group 5 lacking ϕSa3. ϕSa3-G1 was only found in strains that accounted for the most ancestral human clade I, while ϕSa3-G2, ϕSa3-G3 and ϕSa3-G4 were found restricted to sublineages within clade II-GOI. Some isolates of clade II-GOI were also found to be ϕSa3-negative or resistant to methicillin which are unusual characteristics for human-adapted isolates. This study demonstrated a strong association between phylogenetic grouping and phage type, suggesting an important role of ϕSa3 prophage in the evolution of human-adapted ST398 subclones. In addition, our results suggest that this subclone slowly began to adapt to animal hosts by losing ϕSa3 and acquiring methicillin resistance, which was observed in some strains of human-associated clade II-GOI, an intermediate human to livestock transmission clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Dastmalchi Saei
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Jo-Ann McClure
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Precision Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ayesha Kashif
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - John M Conly
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Precision Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Precision Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Rahman MH, El Zowalaty ME, Falgenhauer L, Khan MFR, Alam J, Popy NN, Ashour HM, Rahman MB. Molecular identification and whole genome sequence analyses of methicillin-resistant and mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus sequence types 6 and 2454 isolated from dairy cows. J Genomics 2024; 12:19-25. [PMID: 38321997 PMCID: PMC10845239 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.90833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant and mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus is of great concern due to the huge economic losses worldwide. Here, we report draft genome sequences of two Staphylococcus aureus strains which were isolated from raw milk samples obtained from mastitis-infected cows in Bangladesh. The strains were isolated and identified using conventional microbiological and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Genomic DNA of the two strains was extracted and the strains were sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 550 platform. The assembled contigs were analyzed for virulence determinants, antimicrobial resistance genes, extra-chromosomal plasmids, and multi-locus sequence type (MLST). The genomes of the two strains were compared with other publicly available genome sequences of Staphylococcus aureus strains. The raw read sequences were downloaded and all sequence files were analyzed identically to generate core genome phylogenetic trees. The genome of BR-MHR281strain did not harbour any antibiotic resistance determinants, however BR-MHR220 strain harbored mecA and blaZ genes. Analysis of BR-MHR220 strain revealed that it was assigned to sequence type (ST-6), clonal complex (CC) 5 and spa type t304, while BR-MHR281 strain belonged to ST-2454, CC8, and harbored the spa type t7867. The findings of the present study and the genome sequences of BR-MHR220 and BR-MHR281 strains will provide data on the detection and genomic analysis and characterization of mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus in Bangladesh. In addition, the findings of the present study will serve as reference genomes for future molecular epidemiological studies and will provide significant data which help understand the prevalence, pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Veterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Biomedical research center Seltersberg, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mohammad F. R. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jahangir Alam
- National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Najmun N. Popy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Md. Bahanur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
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25
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Sheykhsaran E, Sadeghi J, Memar MY, Ghotaslou R, Baghi HB, Sharifi Y, Sefidan FY, Laghousi D, Abbasi A. Epidemiological characterization of clinical isolates of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus through multilocus sequence typing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing in Northwest Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:58. [PMID: 38165438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is considered a potential and aggressive nosocomial pathogen. It accounts for 50% of S. aureus isolates in tertiary hospitals in Iran, however, there is no sufficient evolutionary and epidemiological investigation about this medically important bacterium. We aimed to study the lineage and evolution of MRSA in Northwest Iran during 2021-2022 based on the obtained phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two non-duplicate MRSA isolates were collected from 3 referral hospitals in Tabriz, Ardebil, and Urmia cities. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by disk diffusion test and micro broth dilution methods. Thereafter 4 virulence genes (eta, etb, pvl, tst) and 5 types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) were detected by PCR. In the final step, representative isolates were selected to be studied by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS The highest resistance was observed to erythromycin and clindamycin at a rate of 76.4%, followed by ciprofloxacin (61.1%), gentamicin (54.2%), rifampin (38.9%), and co-trimoxazole (27.8%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The virulence genes of etb, pvl, tst, and eta were detected in 50%, 29.2%, 21.8%, and 13.9% of isolates, respectively. SCCmec types III and I were the most prevalent types, followed by types IV, II, and V. MLST analysis revealed 6 sequence types: ST6854, ST5282, ST127, ST7804, ST1607, and ST7784. Two MLST-based clonal complexes (CC8, and CC97) were identified as well. CONCLUSION The ST numbers were non-repetitive. CC8 as a pandemic clone and an individual lineage and clinically significant clade was reported as the most prevalent clonal complex. It is essential periodic evaluations of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and study the evolutionary characteristics of medical-challenging microorganisms in particular MRSA to effectively treat and restrict the outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sheykhsaran
- Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5165665931, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadeghi
- Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5165665931, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Ghotaslou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5165665931, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5165665931, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaeghob Sharifi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 5165665931, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Delara Laghousi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khatoon A, Hussain SF, Shahid SM, Sidhwani SK, Khan SA, Shaikh OA, Nashwan AJ. Emerging novel sequence types of Staphylococcus aureus in Pakistan. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:51-59. [PMID: 37992434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infection and dissemination in Pakistan, the epidemiology of different Staphylococcus aureus research clones has been the subject of only a small number of investigations. By analyzing the collected data sequence, this study was designed to study the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in the area using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). METHODS A total of 1015 staphylococcus strains collected from the city's tertiary care facilities were biochemically screened, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing against a panel of 13 antibiotics. Analyzed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was subjected to molecular characterization using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), clonal complex analysis, recombination testing, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Approximately 421 bacteria were verified as Staphylococcus aureus by biochemical analysis. 57% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, of which 89% were found to be methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MLST results in a total of 39 sequence types (ST) and 5 clonal complexes (CC), out of which twenty-two STs were newly documented worldwide. The most common CC identified was CC8. The direct sequencing data also revealed significant shifts at MLST loci, with point mutations resulting in the aroE-343 and tpi-278 alleles. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that there is high diversity in the locally circulating clones of Staphylococcus aureus present in nature and that they are defined by their geographic epidemiology. These findings have practical implications for public health, including the need for tailored infection control strategies, antibiotic stewardship, global surveillance, and a deeper understanding of bacterial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrina Khatoon
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Syed F Hussain
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J7, Canada.
| | - Syed M Shahid
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; School of Health Science, Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT), Auckland, New Zealand.
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Xu X, Zhou T, Fang X, Hu L, Zhu J, Zheng F. Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of a Staphylococcus aureus strain with an incomplete hemolytic phenotype isolated from bovine milk. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:6-14. [PMID: 37985160 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen capable of infecting both humans and animals and causing various severe diseases. Here, we aimed to determine the biological features and pathogenicity of S. aureus strain Sa9, of the incomplete hemolysis phenotype, isolated from bovine milk. Sa9 was classified as ST97 by multilocus sequence typing, and it showed increased β-hemolysin expression and lower Hla and Hld expression levels compared with that in the S. aureus USA300 strain LAC. RT-PCR and ELISA results showed that the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were higher in Sa9-induced mouse primary peritoneal macrophages compared with those induced by the LAC strain. However, the Sa9 strain also mediated anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating IL-10 and IFN-β in macrophages, which were not apparently induced by S. aureus culture supernatants. Phagocytosis and whole-blood survival assays were also performed to assess the in vitro survival of bacteria, and the virulence was evaluated in mice. Although the Sa9 strain showed lower ability of intracellular survival in macrophages than LAC, similar multiplication in human whole blood and pathogenicity toward mice were observed. Taken together, we report that the distinctive immune response induced by the S. aureus strain with an incomplete hemolysis phenotype occurs in cattle, and its potential pathogenicity and risk of transmission to humans require attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueyao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medicine in Jiangxi Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicine in Jiangxi Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
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Sales I, Vieira-da-Motta O, Tavares A, Ruiz-Miranda CR, de Lencastre H, Miragaia M. Impact of human created environments in the pathogenic potential and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci from wild neotropical primates in Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 104:102094. [PMID: 38035481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The non-human primate (NHP) Leontopithecus rosalia is an endangered species native of Brazil and lives in forest fragments with different levels of contact with humans (natural, private and urban). Other NHPs - Callithrix spp. - were introduced by humans and co-exist and interact with the native species in these forests. To evaluate if living in or close to human-modified environments could constitute a risk for L. rosalia, we compared the prevalence, genetic background, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence gene content of staphylococci collected from the native and the introduced species from different forest fragments. We found that presence in human-dominated environments increased the colonization rate of L. rosalia with Mammaliicoccus sciuri (former Staphylococcus sciuri) from 18 % to 85 % (p = 0.0001) and of Callithrix spp with Staphylococcus aureus from 6 % to 100 % (p = 0.0001). According to molecular typing data obtained differences probably resulted from dissemination of these bacterial species from the invader NHP species and from humans. Changes in microbiota were paralleled by an increase in the prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin gene and in resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides and/or lincosamides as exposure to human environment increased. In particular, erythromycin resistance in S. aureus from Callithrix spp. increased from 0 % to 50 % and resistance rate to at least one antibiotic in coagulase-negative staphylococci species from L. rosalia increased from 13 % to 56 % (p = 0.0003). Our results showed that contact of native animal species with human-created environments increased the content of antimicrobial resistant and pathogenic bacteria on their commensal microbiota, which ultimately can impact on their health. IMPORTANCE: Endangered animal species are vulnerable to environmental alterations and human activities have been repeatedly identified as factors driving drastic changes in the natural landscape. It is extremely important to monitor changes in the environment surrounding protected species, because this could lead to early detection of any potential threats. In this study, we found that the contact of L. rosalia - a protected non-human primate from Brazil - with human environments is related to changes in their commensal microbiota. These included an increase in the number of pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria, which have a higher potential to cause infections that are more difficult to treat. We provided evidence for the harmful impact human contact has on L. rosalia. Also, our results suggest that monitoring of commensal microbiota of protected animal species might be a useful way of sensing the risks of protected species to human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiara Sales
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal-Setor Doenças Infecto-contagiosas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olney Vieira-da-Motta
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal-Setor Doenças Infecto-contagiosas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ramón Ruiz-Miranda
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal; Laboratory of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Maria Miragaia
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal.
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Cranmer KD, Pant MD, Quesnel S, Sharp JA. Clonal Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Factor Prevalence of Community Associated Staphylococcus aureus in Southeastern Virginia. Pathogens 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 38251333 PMCID: PMC10821353 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen with a formidable propensity for antibiotic resistance. Worldwide, it is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and infective endocarditis originating from both community- and healthcare-associated settings. Although often grouped by methicillin resistance, both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains are known to cause significant pathologies and injuries. Virulence factors and growing resistance to antibiotics play major roles in the pathogenicity of community-associated strains. In our study, we examined the genetic variability and acquired antibiograms of 122 S. aureus clinical isolates from SSTI, blood, and urinary tract infections originating from pediatric patients within the southeast region of Virginia, USA. We identified a suite of clinically relevant virulence factors and evaluated their prevalence within these isolates. Five genes (clfA, spA, sbi, scpA, and vwb) with immune-evasive functions were identified in all isolates. MRSA isolates had a greater propensity to be resistant to more antibiotics as well as significantly more likely to carry several virulence factors compared to MSSA strains. Further, the carriage of various genes was found to vary significantly based on the infection type (SSTI, blood, urine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn D. Cranmer
- Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Mohan D. Pant
- School of Health Professions, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Suzanne Quesnel
- Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Julia A. Sharp
- Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- School of Health Professions, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Keneh NK, Kenmoe S, Bowo-Ngandji A, Tatah Kihla Akoachere JF, Gonsu Kamga H, Ndip RN, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tendongfor N, Ndip LM, Esemu SN. A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296267. [PMID: 38134014 PMCID: PMC10745167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and poses a significant threat to human and animal health in Cameroon and the world at large. MRSA strains have infiltrated various settings, including hospitals, communities, and livestock, contributing to increased morbidity, treatment costs, and mortality. This evidence synthesis aims to understand MRSA prevalence, resistance patterns, and genetic characterization in Cameroon. METHODS The methodology was consistent with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies of any design containing scientific data on MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search involved a comprehensive search strategy in several databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Hoy et al tool, and the results were synthesized and presented in narrative synthesis and/or tables and graphs. RESULTS The systematic review analyzed 24 studies, mostly conducted after 2010, in various settings in Cameroon. The studies, characterized by moderate to low bias, revealed a wide prevalence of MRSA ranging from 1.9% to 46.8%, with considerable variation based on demographic and environmental factors. Animal (0.2%), food (3.2% to 15.4%), and environmental samples (0.0% to 34.6%) also showed a varied prevalence of MRSA. The genetic diversity of MRSA was heterogeneous, with different virulence gene profiles and clonal lineages identified in various populations and sample types. Antimicrobial resistance rates showed great variability in the different regions of Cameroon, with notable antibiotic resistance recorded for the beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, and macrolide families. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant variability in MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon, and emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nene Kaah Keneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Hortense Gonsu Kamga
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Ndip Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
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Jiang JH, Cameron DR, Nethercott C, Aires-de-Sousa M, Peleg AY. Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0014822. [PMID: 37982596 PMCID: PMC10732075 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages across the globe. While the important role of antibiotic resistance will be mentioned throughout, factors which influence the capacity of S. aureus to colonize and cause disease within a host will be the primary focus of this review. We show that while MRSA possesses a diverse arsenal of toxins including alpha-toxin, the success of a lineage involves more than just producing toxins that damage the host. Success is often attributed to the acquisition or loss of genetic elements involved in colonization and niche adaptation such as the arginine catabolic mobile element, as well as the activity of regulatory systems, and shift metabolism accordingly (e.g., the accessory genome regulator, agr). Understanding exactly how specific MRSA clones cause prolonged epidemics may reveal targets for therapies, whereby both core (e.g., the alpha toxin) and acquired virulence factors (e.g., the Panton-Valentine leukocidin) may be nullified using anti-virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Cameron
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cara Nethercott
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institutode Tecnologia Químicae Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa-Lisboa (ESSCVP-Lisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang W, Zhong Q, Cheng K, Tan L, Huang X. Molecular Characteristics, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biofilm-Forming Ability of Clinically Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7671-7681. [PMID: 38144224 PMCID: PMC10743705 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s441989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from invasive infections. Methods A total of 92 non-repetitive S. aureus isolates from invasive infections were analyzed by Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST), spa typing, and chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Biofilm-forming ability was assessed using crystal violet assay. The presence and expression of biofilm-associated genes were examined using PCR and RT-qPCR. Results Among the 55 Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 41 Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, ST59 (43.6%) predominated in MRSA, while ST7 (39.0%) was most common in MSSA. As expected, MRSA exhibited higher antibiotic resistance rates compared to MSSA isolates. Biofilm formation assays revealed that the majority of isolates (88.5%) produced biofilms, with 26.0% classified as strong producers (OD570 ≥ 1.0) and 62.5% as weak producers (0.2 ≤ OD570<1.0). MSSA exhibited a higher biofilm-forming ability than MRSA (P < 0.01), with variations across clones. Notably, ST7 isolates displayed greater biofilm-forming ability than other sequence types (ST59, ST5, and ST239). RT-qPCR results revealed that ST7 isolates exhibited higher expression levels of icaA compared to other sequence types. Conclusion This study revealed significant molecular heterogeneity among invasive S. aureus isolates, with ST59 and ST7 as dominant clones. The strong biofilm-forming capacity of ST7 merits concern given its rising prevalence regionally. Continuous surveillance of emerging successful lineages is critical to help guide infection control strategies against invasive S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxaing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Kang YR, Chung DR, Ko JH, Huh K, Cho SY, Kang CI, Peck KR. Genetic alterations in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus associated with high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106971. [PMID: 37716577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many reports on gene mutations observed in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showing reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. However, there are limited studies on the genetic alterations that contribute to high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). This study aimed to compare MSSA strains with high vancomycin MICs with those with low MICs, and to identify specific genetic alterations associated with increased vancomycin MICs. METHODS In total, 124 MSSA strains were analysed, with 62 having vancomycin MICs of 1-2 mg/L (MS-HV) and the remaining 62 having MICs <1 mg/L (MS-LV) as control. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing were conducted to identify point mutations and amino acid changes in the vraSR, graRS and walRK operons and rpoB gene. The number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and specific mutations in the indicated gene were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The MS-HV strains had a significantly higher median number of SNPs in studied genes than the MS-LV strains (5 vs 3; P < 0.0001), with higher frequency of SNPs in the graR and walK genes. The MS-HV strains also displayed a significantly higher prevalence of specific mutations in the graR gene (V135I, I136V and V136I) compared with the MS-LV strains. The odds of having a high vancomycin MIC was 5.54 times higher in strains with a mutation in the graR gene, and 5.32 times higher in strains with a mutation in the walK gene, compared with those without these mutations. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in the graR and walK genes may contribute to reduced vancomycin susceptibility in MSSA. This study gives key insights into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Centre for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Centre for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ilmain JK, Perelman SS, Panepinto MC, Irnov I, Coudray N, Samhadaneh N, Pironti A, Ueberheide B, Ekiert DC, Bhabha G, Torres VJ. Unlatching of the stem domains in the Staphylococcus aureus pore-forming leukocidin LukAB influences toxin oligomerization. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105321. [PMID: 37802313 PMCID: PMC10665946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious global pathogen that causes a diverse range of invasive diseases. S. aureus utilizes a family of pore-forming toxins, known as bi-component leukocidins, to evade the host immune response and promote infection. Among these is LukAB (leukocidin A/leukocidin B), a toxin that assembles into an octameric β-barrel pore in the target cell membrane, resulting in host cell death. The established cellular receptor for LukAB is CD11b of the Mac-1 complex. Here, we show that hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 is also required for the cytotoxicity of all major LukAB variants. We demonstrate that while each receptor is sufficient to recruit LukAB to the plasma membrane, both receptors are required for maximal lytic activity. Why LukAB requires two receptors, and how each of these receptors contributes to pore-formation remains unknown. To begin to resolve this, we performed an alanine scanning mutagenesis screen to identify mutations that allow LukAB to maintain cytotoxicity without CD11b. We discovered 30 mutations primarily localized in the stem domains of LukA and LukB that enable LukAB to exhibit full cytotoxicity in the absence of CD11b. Using crosslinking, electron microscopy, and hydroxyl radical protein footprinting, we show these mutations increase the solvent accessibility of the stem domain, priming LukAB for oligomerization. Together, our data support a model in which CD11b binding unlatches the membrane penetrating stem domains of LukAB, and this change in flexibility promotes toxin oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana K Ilmain
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sofya S Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria C Panepinto
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irnov Irnov
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Coudray
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nora Samhadaneh
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damian C Ekiert
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gira Bhabha
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Lee JY, Kim ES, Chang E, Bae S, Jung J, Kim MJ, Chong YP, Kim SH, Choi SH, Lee SO, Kim YS. Clinical impact of metformin exposure during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:1439-1447. [PMID: 37851178 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence has suggested that metformin may play positive roles in a wide range of infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of metformin exposure during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in patients with diabetes. METHODS A 3-year observational cohort study of 452 patients (aged ≥ 16 years) with SAB was performed at a tertiary care hospital. Metformin exposure was defined as receiving metformin during SAB, regardless of metformin use before the onset of bacteremia. RESULTS Of 452 patients, 51 (11.3%) were classified in Group A (diabetes with metformin exposure), 115 (25.4%) in Group B (diabetes without metformin exposure), and 286 (63.3%) in Group C (no diabetes). The 30-day mortality rate in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (3.9% [2/51] versus 14.8% [17/115]; p = 0.04) and lower than that in Group C (3.9% [2/51] versus 17.1% [49/286]; p = 0.02). The mortality rates did not differ between Group B and Group C (14.8% [17/115] versus 17.1% [49/286]; p = 0.57). The rates of persistent and recurrent bacteremia were comparable among the three groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that metformin exposure was significantly associated with reduced mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.88; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Metformin exposure during SAB appears to be an independent predictor of survival in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sam Anyang Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Kim
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijin Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pil Chong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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Fu P, Nijiati Y, Li T, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhou J, Wang C, Ning B. Clinical and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bone and joint infection among children. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:104. [PMID: 37993871 PMCID: PMC10666310 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in bone and joint infection (BJI) among children. METHODS A total of 338 patients diagnosed with BJI from 2013 to 2022 in Children's Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled. Demographic information, microbiology culture results and laboratory findings, including white blood counts (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were collected and analyzed. MRSA was confirmed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Other MRSA-caused infections were randomly selected for comparison. Twenty-three virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were screened for MRSA strains. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing were performed using PCR amplification and sequencing. RESULTS Of the identified pathogens in BJI, MRSA accounted for 21.0% (47/224). Patients with BJI had high levels of initial CRP, white blood cell count (WBC) and IL-6. ST59 (43.9%) and t437 (37.6%) were the main MRSA subtypes isolated from the children. The major genotypes in BJI were ST59-t437 (29.8%) and ST22-t309 (14.9%), with high carriage of hemolysins including hla (94.4-100%), hlb (66.2-93.3%), and hld (100%). Notably, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) had a high prevalence (53.3%) in ST22-t309-MRSA. Other virulence genes including tst, seg and sei were more commonly detected in ST22-t309-MRSA (40.0-46.7%) than in ST59-t437-MRSA (4.2-9.9%). High-carriage AMR genes in MRSA included aph(3')/III (66.7-80%), ermB (57.5-73.3%) and ermC (66.7-78.9%). MRSA presented high-resistance to erythromycin (52.0-100%) and clindamycin (48.0-92.5%), different genotypes displayed variation in their susceptibilities to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The major MRSA genotype in BJI was ST59-t437, followed by ST22-t309, with a higher prevalence of the pvl gene. Continuous surveillance of pvl-positive ST22-t309-MRSA in pediatric BJI infections is thus required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Fu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
- Nosocomial Infection Control Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxier Nijiati
- Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlan Zhou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Nosocomial Infection Control Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Ning
- Orthopedics Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Blicharz L, Szymanek-Majchrzak K, Młynarczyk G, Czuwara J, Waśkiel-Burnat A, Goldust M, Samochocki Z, Rudnicka L. Multilocus-sequence typing reveals clonality of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1341-1346. [PMID: 37566920 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is exacerbated by Staphylococcus aureus, which is capable of displacing not only the physiological microbiota, but also other strains of its own species. Analyses of the molecular characteristics and relationships of S. aureus strains present in different microniches are lacking. OBJECTIVES To determine, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), the relationship of S. aureus isolates from the lesional and nonlesional skin and anterior nares of patients with AD, and to review the characteristics of the dominant clones. METHODS Sixty-three individuals with active AD were enrolled. Ten patients with moderate-to-severe AD (SCoring of Atopic Dermatitis score ≥ 25) colonized by S. aureus in all analysed locations were included in the MLST analysis. RESULTS The most prevalent sequence types were 7 (10/30 strains; 33.3%), 15 and 97 (both 5/30 strains; 16.7%) all of which were associated with the expression of adhesins and toxins promoting chronic microbial dysbiosis, skin barrier damage and inflammation. Six patients (60%) were carriers of clonal S. aureus strains at all analysed locations, three (30%) carriers in lesional and nonlesional skin, and one (10%) was a carrier in nonlesional skin and the anterior nares. CONCLUSIONS The results imply that the identified S. aureus lineages are better adapted to dominate the microbiota in AD. Decontaminating the identified reservoirs of S. aureus (i.e. anterior nares and nonlesional skin) could reduce the severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Młynarczyk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Sulaiman IM, Miranda N, Hook W, Mendoza J, Kumfert Q, Barnes T, Sung K, Khan S, Nawaz M, Banerjee P, Simpson S, Karem K. A Single-Laboratory Performance Evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS in Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Cronobacter sakazakii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Some Closely Related Bacterial Species of Public Health Importance. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1574-1588. [PMID: 37725340 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, known to cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal illness in humans. Additionally, the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has caused a major health care burden worldwide. Cronobacter is a group of Gram-negative bacteria that can survive in extreme dry conditions. Cronobacter sakazakii is known to contaminate powdered infant formula and cause life-threatening infections in neonates. Vibrio is a genus of human-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that can cause foodborne illness by consuming undercooked or raw seafood. Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause serious gastrointestinal disease in humans. Thus, rapid identification of Staphylococcus spp., Cronobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. is crucial for the source tracking of contaminated food, as well as to measure the transmission dynamics of these bacterial pathogens causing foodborne diseases and outbreaks. OBJECTIVE This single-laboratory performance evaluation study used the VITEK MS system to evaluate the potential of MALDI-TOF MS technology for rapid identification of S. aureus-like, C. sakazakii-like, and V. parahaemolyticus-like isolates of public health importance. METHOD A total of 226 isolates recovered from various food, environmental surveillance samples, and other sources were identified by bioMérieux VITEK 2 and VITEK MS systems as Staphylococcus spp., Cronobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. Five American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates were also tested to complete the study. In addition, for some Staphylococcus spp. isolates, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA partial region were also performed for species identification. RESULTS The VITEK MS system was able to provide species identification to all 96 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and to all 29 isolates of Vibrio spp. examined with a high confidence value (99.9%). Similarly, species identification was observed for the majority of spots (245 of 303) for the 101 Cronobacter spp. isolates (∼82.0%) with a high confidence value (99.9%), and genus level identification was noticed for the rest of the Cronobacter spp. isolates (18.0%; 58 of the 303 spots) analyzed. Species identification data generated by VITEK 2 system were comparable to data obtained by the VITEK MS system. CONCLUSIONS The VITEK MS system is a reliable high-throughput platform that can rapidly identify Staphylococcus, Vibrio, and Cronobacter to the genus level, as well as S. aureus, C. sakazakii, V. parahaemolyticus, and other closely related foodborne isolates and bacterial isolates from additional sources, in most cases. HIGHLIGHTS The VITEK MS system can be used in the rapid genus and species identification of human-pathogenic Staphylococcus spp., Cronobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad M Sulaiman
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Nancy Miranda
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Whitney Hook
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Joseph Mendoza
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Quincy Kumfert
- University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tamayo Barnes
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Mohamed Nawaz
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1302 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven Simpson
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Kevin Karem
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
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Immergluck LC, Lin X, Geng R, Edelson M, Ali F, Li C, Lin TJ, Khalida C, Piper-Jenks N, Pardos de la Gandara M, de Lencastre H, Tomasz A, Evering TH, Kost RG, Vaughan R, Tobin JN. Molecular Epidemiologic and Geo-Spatial Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Cultured from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections from United States-Born and Immigrant Patients Living in New York City. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1541. [PMID: 37887242 PMCID: PMC10604313 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: With increasing international travel and mass population displacement due to war, famine, climate change, and immigration, pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), can also spread across borders. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) most commonly causes skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), as well as more invasive infections. One clonal strain, S. aureus USA300, originating in the United States, has spread worldwide. We hypothesized that S. aureus USA300 would still be the leading clonal strain among US-born compared to non-US-born residents, even though risk factors for SSTIs may be similar in these two populations (2) Methods: In this study, 421 participants presenting with SSTIs were enrolled from six community health centers (CHCs) in New York City. The prevalence, risk factors, and molecular characteristics for MRSA and specifically clonal strain USA300 were examined in relation to the patients' self-identified country of birth. (3) Results: Patients born in the US were more likely to have S. aureus SSTIs identified as MRSA USA300. While being male and sharing hygiene products with others were also significant risks for MRSA SSTI, we found exposure to animals, such as owning a pet or working at an animal facility, was specifically associated with risk for SSTIs caused by MRSA USA300. Latin American USA300 variant (LV USA300) was most common in participants born in Latin America. Spatial analysis showed that MRSA USA300 SSTI cases were more clustered together compared to other clonal types either from MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) SSTI cases. (4) Conclusions: Immigrants with S. aureus infections have unique risk factors and S. aureus molecular characteristics that may differ from US-born patients. Hence, it is important to identify birthplace in MRSA surveillance and monitoring. Spatial analysis may also capture additional information for surveillance that other methods do not.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiting Lin
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (X.L.); (R.G.); (F.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Ruijin Geng
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (X.L.); (R.G.); (F.A.); (C.L.)
| | | | - Fatima Ali
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (X.L.); (R.G.); (F.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaohua Li
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (X.L.); (R.G.); (F.A.); (C.L.)
| | - TJ Lin
- Clinical Directors Network (CDN), New York, NY 10018, USA; (T.L.); (C.K.); (N.P.-J.)
| | - Chamanara Khalida
- Clinical Directors Network (CDN), New York, NY 10018, USA; (T.L.); (C.K.); (N.P.-J.)
| | - Nancy Piper-Jenks
- Clinical Directors Network (CDN), New York, NY 10018, USA; (T.L.); (C.K.); (N.P.-J.)
| | - Maria Pardos de la Gandara
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - Herminia de Lencastre
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.d.L.); (A.T.); (R.G.K.); (R.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexander Tomasz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.d.L.); (A.T.); (R.G.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Teresa H. Evering
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Rhonda G. Kost
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.d.L.); (A.T.); (R.G.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Roger Vaughan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.d.L.); (A.T.); (R.G.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Jonathan N. Tobin
- Clinical Directors Network (CDN), New York, NY 10018, USA; (T.L.); (C.K.); (N.P.-J.)
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.d.L.); (A.T.); (R.G.K.); (R.V.)
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Kim YK, Eom Y, Kim E, Chang E, Bae S, Jung J, Kim MJ, Chong YP, Kim SH, Choi SH, Lee SO, Kim YS. Molecular Characteristics and Prevalence of Rifampin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients with Bacteremia in South Korea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1511. [PMID: 37887212 PMCID: PMC10604019 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rifampin resistance (RIF-R) in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with rpoB mutations as one of its resistance mechanisms has raised concern about clinical treatment and infection prevention strategies. Data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of RIF-R S. aureus blood isolates in South Korea are scarce. We used broth microdilution to investigate RIF-R prevalence and analyzed the rpoB gene mutation in 1615 S. aureus blood isolates (772 methicillin-susceptible and 843 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) from patients with bacteremia, between 2008 and 2017. RIF-R prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility were determined. Multilocus sequence typing was used to characterize the isolate's molecular epidemiology; Staphylococcus protein A (spa), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and rpoB gene mutations were detected by PCR. Among 52 RIF-R MRSA isolates out of 57 RIF-R S. aureus blood isolates (57/1615, 0.4%; 5 methicillin-susceptible and 52 MRSA), ST5 (44/52, 84.6%), SCCmec IIb (40/52, 76.9%), and spa t2460 (27/52, 51.9%) were predominant. rpoB gene mutations with amino acid substitutions showed that A477D (17/48, 35.4%) frequently conferred high-level RIF resistance (MIC > 128 mg/L), followed by H481Y (4/48, 8.3%). RIF-R S. aureus blood isolates in South Korea have unique molecular characteristics and are closely associated with rpoB gene mutations. RIF-R surveillance through S. aureus-blood isolate epidemiology could enable effective therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Yewon Eom
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.); (E.K.); (S.B.)
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Kim
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.); (E.K.); (S.B.)
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijin Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Seongman Bae
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.); (E.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Yong Pil Chong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.); (M.J.K.); (Y.P.C.); (S.-H.K.); (S.-H.C.); (S.-O.L.)
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genetics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.E.); (E.K.); (S.B.)
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Pal P, Shastry RP. Exploring the complex role of gut microbiome in the development of precision medicine strategies for targeting microbial imbalance-induced colon cancer. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:691-701. [PMID: 37624549 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been increasingly recognized as a key player in the development and progression of colon cancer. Alterations in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can lead to a variety of medical issues. Microbial adaptation through signals and small molecules can enhance pathogen colonization and modulate host immunity, significantly impacting disease progression. Quorum sensing peptides and molecules have been linked to the progression of colon cancer. Various interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, have been used to reverse dysbiosis with mixed results and potential side effects. Thus, a personalized approach to treatment selection based on patient characteristics, such as individual gut microbiota manipulation, is necessary to prevent and treat diseases like colon cancer. With advances in metagenomic sequencing and other omics technologies, there has been a growing interest in developing precision medicine strategies for microbial imbalance-induced colon cancer. This review serves as a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on the gut microbiome involvement in colon cancer. By exploring the potential of utilizing the gut microbiome as a target for precision medicine, this review underscores the exciting opportunities that lie ahead. Although challenges exist, the integration of microbiome data into precision medicine approaches has the potential to revolutionize the management of colon cancer, providing patients with more personalized and effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pal
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Yenepoya Research Centre, University Road, Mangaluru-575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Yenepoya Research Centre, University Road, Mangaluru-575018, India.
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Mitsumoto-Kaseida F, Morinaga Y, Sasaki D, Ota K, Kaku N, Sakamoto K, Kosai K, Hasegawa H, Hayashi J, Yanagihara K. The clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among very elderly people in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:744-749. [PMID: 37694453 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial infection-causing pathogen. The clonal shift from staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II MRSA to SCCmec type IV MRSA has occurred rapidly in acute-care hospitals. However, the epidemiology and clinical impacts of MRSA in geriatric hospitals are poorly documented. We performed a molecular epidemiological analysis of the clinical isolates and retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of SCCmec type IV MRSA in elderly individuals. METHODS MRSA isolates were grouped according to the SCCmec type and virulence genes (tst, sea, seb, sec, and lukS/F-PV), and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. RESULTS Of the 145 MRSA isolates obtained from patients with a median age of 85 years, 100 (69.0%) were obtained from sputum samples, 22 (15.2%) from skin and soft tissues, and seven (4.8%) from blood samples. The most prevalent clone was SCCmec type IV/clonal complex (CC)1/sea+ (59.3%), followed by SCCmec type I/sequence type (ST) 8 (17.3%). Of the 17 (11.7%) strains to which an anti-MRSA drug was administered by a physician, only three were SCCmec type IV/CC1/sea+ (17.6%) and five were SCCmec type I/ST8 (29.4%). SCCmec type IV/CC1/sea+ MRSA was more frequently isolated in long-term care wards than were SCCmec type I/ST8 strains (odds ratio: 2.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-7.54) and was less frequently treated as the cause of MRSA infections (odds ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.73). CONCLUSIONS SCCmec type IV/CC1/sea+ MRSA was the predominant clone and could be easily transmissible and be capable of colonization. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 744-749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Mitsumoto-Kaseida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Kyushu General Medicine Center, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Hayashi
- Kyushu General Medicine Center, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Wendel AF, Otchwemah R, Layer-Nicolaou F, Mattner F, Tellez-Castillo CJ, Skov R, Oberländer H, Werner G, Strommenger B. Investigating a possible link between antiseptic treatment and the increased occurrence of daptomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1334.e1-1334.e6. [PMID: 37321393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of a steady increase in the detection of daptomycin-resistant (DAP-R) Staphylococcus aureus at three medical centres in Cologne, Germany, molecular surveillance was established from June 2016 to June 2018 to investigate the causes of the emergence and spread of respective isolates. Seventy-five S. aureus isolates, both DAP-R and DAP-susceptible, were collected from 42 patients for further analysis. METHODS Broth microdilution was used to determine the MICs for DAP and polyhexamethylene biguanide/polyhexanide (PHMB). To investigate the effect of PHMB on the development of DAP resistance, we performed selection experiments with PHMB. All isolates studied were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and molecular data were analysed comparatively. RESULTS Acquisition of DAP resistance was mainly observed in patients with acute and chronic wounds (40/42, 96.2%) treated with antiseptic (32/42, 76.2%) rather than systemic antibiotic therapy using DAP or vancomycin (7/42, 16.7%). DAP-R S. aureus had a diverse genetic background; however, within individual patients, isolates were closely related. At least three potential transmission events were detected. Most DAP-R isolates had concomitant elevated MICs for PHMB (50/54, 92.6%), and in vitro selection experiments confirmed that PHMB treatment is capable of generating DAP resistance. DAP resistance could be linked to 12 different polymorphisms in the mprF gene in the majority of clinical isolates (52/54, 96.3%) as well as in all in vitro selected strains. DISCUSSION DAP resistance in S. aureus can occur independently of prior antibiotic therapy and can be selected by PHMB. Therefore, wound treatment with PHMB may trigger individual resistance development associated with gain-of-function mutations in the mprF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Wendel
- Institute of Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany; Division of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Robin Otchwemah
- Institute of Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany; Division of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division 'Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances', National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Frauke Mattner
- Institute of Hygiene, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany; Division of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Robert Skov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, MVZ Synlab Leverkusen GmbH, Köln-Merheim, Germany
| | - Henrik Oberländer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Centre, Cologne Merheim Medical Centre, University Hospital of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division 'Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances', National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Birgit Strommenger
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division 'Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances', National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode, Germany.
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Furuya H, Ogura K, Takemoto N, Watanabe S, Yamazaki A, Ogai K, Sugama J, Okamoto S. A multilocus sequence typing method of Staphylococcus aureus DNAs in a sample from human skin. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:438-446. [PMID: 37574717 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The skin and mucous membranes are the primary sites of Staphylococcus aureus colonization, particularly those of health care personnel and patients in long-term care centers. We found that S. aureus colonized with a higher abundance ratio on skins which had recovered from pressure injury (PI) than on normal skins in our earlier research on the skin microbiota of bedridden patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a useful tool for typing S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens. However, the MLST approach cannot be used in microbiota DNA owing to the contamination from other bacteria species. In this study, we developed a multiplex-nested PCR method to determine S. aureus MLST in samples collected from human skins. The seven pairs of forward and reverse primers were designed in the upstream and downstream regions, which were conserved specifically in S. aureus. The first amplifications of the seven pairs were conducted in a multiplex assay. The samples were diluted and applied to conventional PCR for MLST. We confirmed that the method amplified the seven allele sequences of S. aureus specifically in the presence of untargeted DNAs from human and other skin commensal bacteria. Using this assay, we succeeded in typing sequence types (STs) of S. aureus in the DNA samples derived from the skins healed from PI. Peaks obtained by Sanger sequencing showed that each sample contained one ST, which were mainly categorized into clonal complex 1 (CC1) or CC5. We propose that this culture-free approach may be used in detecting S. aureus in clinical specimens without isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Furuya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Gokasho, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takemoto
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamazaki
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- AI Hospital/Macro Signal Dynamics Research and Development Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Junko Sugama
- Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science Initiative, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Chang SC, Kao CY, Lin LC, Hidrosollo JH, Lu JJ. Lugdunin production and activity in Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolates are associated with its genotypes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0129823. [PMID: 37732790 PMCID: PMC10580833 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01298-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lugdunin produced by Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been shown to have broad inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria; however, lugdunin activity among S. lugdunensis isolates and its association with different agr, SCCmec, and sequence types remain unclear. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify S. lugdunensis and collected 202 S. lugdunensis samples for further assays. Agar spot tests were performed to characterize S. lugdunensis lugdunin production and activity. Multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec, and agr genotyping were performed on S. lugdunensis. In all, 91 Staphylococcus aureus strains with varying vancomycin susceptibilities were used to examine lugdunin activity in S. lugdunensis. In total, 48 S. lugdunensis strains (23.8%) were found to be oxacillin-resistant S. lugdunensis (ORSL), whereas 154 (76.2%) were classified as oxacillin-sensitive S. lugdunensis (OSSL). Moreover, 16 (33.3%) ORSL and 35 (22.7%) OSSL strains showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Our data showed that most lugdunin-producing ORSL strains (14/48, 29.2%) were of ST3-SCCmec V-agr II genotypes, whereas most lugdunin-producing OSSL strains (15/154, 9.7%) were of ST3-agr II, followed by ST1-agr I (10/154, 6.5%). Our data also revealed that lugdunin exhibited weak inhibitory activity against the VISA ST239 isolate. In addition, we observed that ST239 VSSA was more resistant to lugdunin than ST5, ST59, and ST45 VSSA. Taken together, our data pioneered the epidemiology of lugdunin production in S. lugdunensis isolates and revealed its association with genotypes. However, further molecular and bioinformatics investigations are needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of lugdunin production and activity. IMPORTANCE Lugdunin is active against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci by dissipating their membrane potential. However, the association of lugdunin activity with the genotypes of Staphylococcus lugdunensis has not been addressed. Here, we show the high prevalence of lugdunin-producing strains among ST1 (83.3%), ST2 (66.7%), and ST3 (53.3%) S. lugdunensis. Moreover, we identified the antibacterial activity of lugdunin-producing strains against VISA and hVISA. These results shed light on the potential application of lugdunin for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chung Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jazon Harl Hidrosollo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Becker K. Detection, Identification and Diagnostic Characterization of the Staphylococcal Small Colony-Variant (SCV) Phenotype. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1446. [PMID: 37760742 PMCID: PMC10525764 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While modern molecular methods have decisively accelerated and improved microbiological diagnostics, phenotypic variants still pose a challenge for their detection, identification and characterization. This particularly applies if they are unstable and hard to detect, which is the case for the small-colony-variant (SCV) phenotype formed by staphylococci. On solid agar media, staphylococcal SCVs are characterized by tiny colonies with deviant colony morphology. Their reduced growth rate and fundamental metabolic changes are the result of their adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle, regularly leading to specific auxotrophies, such as for menadione, hemin or thymidine. These alterations make SCVs difficult to recognize and render physiological, biochemical and other growth-based methods such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing unreliable or unusable. Therefore, diagnostic procedures require prolonged incubation times and, if possible, confirmation by molecular methods. A special approach is needed for auxotrophy testing. However, standardized protocols for SCV diagnostics are missing. If available, SCVs and their putative parental isolates should be genotyped to determine clonality. Since their detection has significant implications for the treatment of the infection, which is usually chronic and relapsing, SCV findings should be specifically reported, commented on, and managed in close collaboration with the microbiological laboratory and the involved clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Becker
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße 1, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Venugopal N, Tewari R, Ganaie FA, Mitra S, Shome R, Shome BR. Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle in Bangalore India as a part of the One Health approach. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000627.v3. [PMID: 37841096 PMCID: PMC10569652 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000627.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In India, limited studies are available on the epidemiological aspects of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in both animal and human settings. Herein, we investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates recovered from cattle using the One Health approach. Out of 66 mecA-positive staphylococci, species-specific multiplex PCR detected 24 % (n=16) of isolates as MRSA. Maximum antibiotic resistance was seen against cloxacillin (94 %, n=15) and least for enrofloxacin and cephalothin (each 13 %, n=2). Overall, 13 % (n=2) of MRSA isolates were multidrug-resistant. Molecular characterization by SCCmec typing identified 88 % (n=14) of MRSA isolates as type V. Twelve isolates (75 %) belonged to novel spa-type t17242, of which 67 % (n=8) belonged to agr type I. MLST analysis revealed ST 1687 (50 %, n=8) as the most predominant sequence type. Circulation of different MRSA clones among the cattle populace offers a risk of transmission to humans through direct contact, food chain or environmental contamination. Thus, continuous monitoring of MRSA strains is imperative for early diagnosis and for establishing effective treatment strategies to restrain the disease burden caused by MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimita Venugopal
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
- Present address: Department of Microbiology, M.S.Ramaiah College of Arts, Science, and Commerce, Bangalore, India
| | - Rituparna Tewari
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
- Present address: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Feroze A. Ganaie
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
- Present address: Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susweta Mitra
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
- Present address: School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibek R. Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
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Hwang YJ. Comparing the Phylogenetic Distribution of Multilocus Sequence Typing, Staphylococcal Protein A, and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec Types in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Korea from 1994 to 2020. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1397. [PMID: 37760694 PMCID: PMC10525390 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteremia is one of the most frequent and severe bacterial infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious human pathogen that can cause a wide variety of infections. Comparative genetic analyses have shown that despite the existence of a vast number of genotypes, genotypes are restricted to certain geographical locations. By comparing multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and SCCmec types from 1994 to 2020, the present study intended to discover which genotype genes were related to MRSA infections. MLST, Staphylococcus aureus protein A (spa), and SCCmec typings were performed to determine their relationship during those years. Results revealed that MRSA isolates in the Republic of Korea were distributed among all major staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types. The majority of SCCmec isolates belonged to SCCmec type II and type IV. The majority of MLST had the sequence type (ST) 72, 239, 8, or 188. By contrast, minorities belonged to ST22 (SCCmec IV), ST772 (SCCmec V), and ST672 (SCCmec V) genotypes. The SCCmec type was determined for various types. The spa type was dispersed, seemingly regardless of its multidrug resistance property. The MLST type was found to be similar to the existing typical type. These results showed some correlations between resistance characteristics and types according to the characteristics of the MLST types distributed, compared to previous papers. Reports on genotype distribution of MLST and SCCmec types in MRSA are rare. These results show a clear distribution of MLST and SCCmec types of MRSA from 1994 to 2020 in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; or ; Tel.: +82-032-820-4545; Fax: +82-032-820-4449
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Ferreira RM, Dos Santos Silva DH, Silva KF, de Melo Monteiro J, Ferreira GF, Silva MRC, da Silva LCN, de Castro Oliveira L, Monteiro AS. Draft genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 5 SA01 isolated from bloodstream infection and comparative analysis with reference strains. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 37653266 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A Staphylococcus aureus isolate (SA01) obtained from bloodstream infection exhibited a remarkable drug resistance profile. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of S. aureus ST 5 SA01, a multidrug-resistant isolate, and analyzed the genes associated with drug resistance and virulence. The genome sketch of S. aureus ST5 SA01 was sequenced with Illumina and annotated using the Prokka software. Rapid Annotation Subsystem Technology (RAST) was used to verify the gene functions in the genome subsystems. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and Virulence Factor Database (VFDB) were used in the analysis. The RAST indicated a contribution of 25 proteins to host adenine, fibronectin-binding protein A (FnbA), and biofilm formation as an intercellular polysaccharide adhesive system (PIA). The MLST indicated that S. aureus ST 5 SA01 belongs to ST5 (CC5). In silico analyses also showed an extensive repertoire of genes associated with toxins, such as LukGH leukocidin, enterotoxins, and superantigen staphylococcal classes (SSL). The 11 genes for antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus ST 5 SA01 showed similarity and identity above ≥ 99% with nucleotide sequences deposited in GenBank. Although studies on ST5 clones in Brazil are scarce, monitoring the clone of S. aureus ST 5 SA01 is essential, as it has become a problem in pediatrics in several countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Maia Ferreira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brasil
| | | | - Karinny Farias Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriella Freitas Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, CEP 35010-180, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Letícia de Castro Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Do Triângulo Mineiro, Imunologia E Parasitologia, 38025180, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Andrea Souza Monteiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brasil
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Ning K, Zhou R, Li M. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk in Hunan Province. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15847. [PMID: 37663302 PMCID: PMC10470458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important foodborne pathogens in the world and the main cause of dairy cow mastitis. Few studies have investigated the epidemic pedigree of S. aureus of bovine origin in Hunan, China. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the capsular polysaccharides (CP), molecular typing, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of S. aureus isolated from raw milk of dairy farms in Hunan Province. Methods Between 2018 and 2022, 681 raw milk samples were collected from dairy cows from farms in Changsha, Changde, Shaoyang, Yongzhou, and Chenzhou in Hunan Province. S. aureus was isolated from these samples, and the isolates were subjected to molecular typing, CP typing, and determination of antibiotic resistance through broth dilution and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results From 681 raw milk samples, 76 strains of S. aureus were isolated. The pathogenicity of 76 isolates was determined preliminarily by detecting cp5 and cp8 CP genes. Eighteen types of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 76 S. aureus strains were detected by the broth dilution method, and 11 kinds of related resistance genes were amplified by PCR. The S. aureus isolates had CP5 (42.10%) and CP8 (57.89%). S. aureus had a multiple antimicrobial resistance rate of 26.75%. The isolated strains had the highest resistance rate to penicillin (82.89%) and showed varying degrees of resistance to other drugs, but no isolate showed resistance to doxycycline. The 76 isolates all carried two or more antibiotic resistance genes, with a maximum of eight antibiotics resistance genes. FemB was detected in all isolates, but none of isolates carried vanA, ermA, or glrA. The 76 isolates were divided into 22 sequence types (ST) and 20 spa types by MLST and spa typing, and the number of t796-ST7 (n = 15) isolates was the highest, which may be the major epidemic strain of multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Conclusion The present findings indicate the need to increase production of the CP8 S. aureus vaccine in Hunan Province and strengthen resistance monitoring of t796-ST7 isolates with the prevalent molecular type of multi-drug resistant strains. The use of β-lactam, macrolides, and lincosamides should be reduced; doxycycline, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides could be appropriately added to veterinary antibiotics to treat infectious diseases in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China
| | - Rushun Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Control, Hunan, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China
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