1
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Yang S, Ning G, Hou Y, Cao Y, Xu J, Wu J, Zhang T, Wang Q. Myoneurin regulates BMP signaling by competing with Ppm1a for Smad binding. iScience 2022; 25:104495. [PMID: 35712083 PMCID: PMC9194458 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A delicate balance of BMP activity is critical for tissue formation and organogenesis. However, the mechanical molecular details in ensuring the proper duration and intensity of BMP signaling have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we identified a zebrafish mutant with a disrupted gene encoding for the BTB/POZ and zinc finger protein myoneurin (Mynn). mynn−/− mutants exhibited severe loss of pharyngeal cartilage elements, owing to poor proliferation, blocked differentiation, and low viability of cranial neural crest cells. Depletion of mynn in both zebrafish embryos and mammalian cells led to a reduction of the BMP signal activity. Mechanistically, Mynn interacts with Smad proteins in the nucleus, thereby disrupting the association between Smad protein and the phosphatase Ppm1a. Ultimately, this interaction prevents Smad dephosphorylation. More broadly, our findings may provide a new strategy to balance BMP signal activity via competitive binding of Mynn and Ppm1a to Smad proteins during pharyngeal cartilage formation. mynn gene is essential for pharyngeal cartilage development mynn is required for the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of the CNCCs Mynn has an evolutionarily conserved function in supporting BMP signal Mynn maintains BMP signal activity by competing with Ppm1a for Smad binding
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2
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Cheng ZY, He TT, Gao XM, Zhao Y, Wang J. ZBTB Transcription Factors: Key Regulators of the Development, Differentiation and Effector Function of T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713294. [PMID: 34349770 PMCID: PMC8326903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and differentiation of T cells represents a long and highly coordinated, yet flexible at some points, pathway, along which the sequential and dynamic expressions of different transcriptional factors play prominent roles at multiple steps. The large ZBTB family comprises a diverse group of transcriptional factors, and many of them have emerged as critical factors that regulate the lineage commitment, differentiation and effector function of hematopoietic-derived cells as well as a variety of other developmental events. Within the T-cell lineage, several ZBTB proteins, including ZBTB1, ZBTB17, ZBTB7B (THPOK) and BCL6 (ZBTB27), mainly regulate the development and/or differentiation of conventional CD4/CD8 αβ+ T cells, whereas ZBTB16 (PLZF) is essential for the development and function of innate-like unconventional γδ+ T & invariant NKT cells. Given the critical role of T cells in host defenses against infections/tumors and in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, we herein summarize the roles of fourteen ZBTB family members in the development, differentiation and effector function of both conventional and unconventional T cells as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Cheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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3
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Van Wyngene L, Vanderhaeghen T, Petta I, Timmermans S, Corbeels K, Van der Schueren B, Vandewalle J, Van Looveren K, Wallaeys C, Eggermont M, Dewaele S, Catrysse L, van Loo G, Beyaert R, Vangoitsenhoven R, Nakayama T, Tavernier J, De Bosscher K, Libert C. ZBTB32 performs crosstalk with the glucocorticoid receptor and is crucial in glucocorticoid responses to starvation. iScience 2021; 24:102790. [PMID: 34337361 PMCID: PMC8324811 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis forms a complex neuroendocrine system that regulates the body’s response to stress such as starvation. In contrast with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 32 (ZBTB32) is a transcription factor with poorly described functional relevance in physiology. This study shows that ZBTB32 is essential for the production of glucocorticoids (GCs) in response to starvation, since ZBTB32−/− mice fail to increase their GC production in the absence of nutrients. In terms of mechanism, GR-mediated upregulation of adrenal Scarb1 gene expression was absent in ZBTB32−/− mice, implicating defective cholesterol import as the cause of the poor GC synthesis. These lower GC levels are further associated with aberrations in the metabolic adaptation to starvation, which could explain the progressive weight gain of ZBTB32−/− mice. In conclusion, ZBTB32 performs a crosstalk with the GR in the metabolic adaptation to starvation via regulation of adrenal GC production. ZBTB32 is involved in the glucocorticoid production in response to starvation GR-mediated upregulation of adrenal Scarb1 regulates cholesterol import The weight gain of ZBTB32−/− mice is associated with aberrant metabolic adaptations
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Van Wyngene
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Petta
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Corbeels
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism - Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism - Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Van Looveren
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Wallaeys
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melanie Eggermont
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylviane Dewaele
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Catrysse
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism - Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Cytokine Receptor Laboratory (CRL), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 3 Albert Baertsoenkaai, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Translational Nuclear Receptor Research Lab, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 3 Albert Baertsoenkaai,9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Meckiff BJ, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Kusnadi A, Simon H, Eschweiler S, Grifoni A, Pelosi E, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Ay F, Seumois G, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Imbalance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD4 + T Cells in COVID-19. Cell 2020; 183:1340-1353.e16. [PMID: 33096020 PMCID: PMC7534589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomic analysis of >100,000 viral antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells from 40 COVID-19 patients. In hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper cells and cytotoxic T helper (TH) cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2 and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2-reactive regulatory T cells (TREG). Importantly, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a strong cytotoxic TFH response was observed early in the illness, which correlated negatively with antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Polyfunctional TH1 and TH17 cell subsets were underrepresented in the repertoire of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells compared to influenza-reactive CD4+ T cells. Together, our analyses provide insights into the gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells in distinct disease severities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Serena J Chee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emanuela Pelosi
- Southampton Specialist Virology Center, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK.
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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5
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Du X, Wu S, Wei Y, Yu X, Ma F, Zhai Y, Yang D, Zhang M, Liu W, Zhu H, Wu J, Liao M, Li N, Bai C, Li G, Hua J. PAX7 promotes CD49f-positive dairy goat spermatogonial stem cells' self-renewal. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1481-1493. [PMID: 32692417 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that originates from and depends on the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The number of SSCs is rare, which makes the separation and enrichment of SSCs difficult and inefficient. The transcription factor PAX7 maintains fertility in normal spermatogenesis in mice. However, for large animals, much less is known about the SSCs' self-renewal regulation, especially in dairy goats. We isolated and enriched the CD49f-positive and negative dairy goat testicular cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting strategies. The RNA- sequencing and experimental data revealed that cells with a high CD49f and PAX7 expression are undifferentiated spermatogonia in goat testis. Our findings indicated that ZBTB16 (PLZF), PAX7, LIN28A, BMPR1B, FGFR1, and FOXO1 were expressed higher in CD49f-positive cells as compared to negative cells and goat fibroblasts cells. The expression and distribution of PAX7 in dairy goat also have been detected, which gradually decreased in testis tissue along with the increasing age. When the PAX7 gene was overexpressed in dairy goat immortal mGSCs-I-SB germ cell lines, the expression of PLZF, GFRα1, ID4, and OCT4 was upregulated. Together, our data demonstrated that there is a subset of spermatogonial stem cells with a high expression of PAX7 among the CD49f+ spermatogonia, and PAX7 can maintain the self-renewal of CD49f-positive SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yudong Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuwei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Donghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Meckiff BJ, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Kusnadi A, Simon H, Grifoni A, Pelosi E, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Ay F, Seumois G, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Reactive CD4 + T Cells. SSRN 2020:3641939. [PMID: 32742242 PMCID: PMC7385998 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3641939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present large-scale single-cell transcriptomic analysis of viral antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells from 32 COVID-19 patients. In patients with severe disease compared to mild disease, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper (TFH) cells and cytotoxic T helper cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2, and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reactive regulatory T cells. Importantly, the CD4-CTLs were highly enriched for the expression of transcripts encoding chemokines that are involved in the recruitment of myeloid cells and dendritic cells to the sites of viral infection. Polyfunctional T helper (TH)1 cells and TH17 cell subsets were underrepresented in the repertoire of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells compared to influenza-reactive CD4+ T cells. Together, our analyses provide so far unprecedented insights into the gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4+ T cells in distinct disease severities. Funding: This work was funded by NIH grants U19AI142742 (P.V., A.S., C.H.O), U19AI118626 (P.V., A.S., G.S.), R01HL114093 (P.V., F.A., G.S.,), R35-GM128938 (F.A), S10RR027366 (BD FACSAria-II), S10OD025052 (Illumina Novaseq6000), the William K. Bowes Jr Foundation (P.V.), and Whittaker foundation (P.V., C.H.O.). Supported by the Wessex Clinical Research Network and National Institute of Health Research UK. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing financial interests. Ethical Approval: Ethical approval for this study from the Berkshire Research Ethics Committee 20/SC/0155 and the Ethics Committee of La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) was in place. Written consent was obtained from all subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Meckiff
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Vicente Fajardo
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Serena J Chee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emanuela Pelosi
- Southampton Specialist Virology Center, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- These authors jointly directed the work
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly directed the work
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7
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Meckiff BJ, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Kusnadi A, Simon H, Grifoni A, Pelosi E, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Ay F, Seumois G, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 + T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32587963 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.12.148916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of CD4 + T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present large-scale single-cell transcriptomic analysis of viral antigen-reactive CD4 + T cells from 32 COVID-19 patients. In patients with severe disease compared to mild disease, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper (T FH ) cells and cytotoxic T helper cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2, and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reactive regulatory T cells. Importantly, the CD4-CTLs were highly enriched for the expression of transcripts encoding chemokines that are involved in the recruitment of myeloid cells and dendritic cells to the sites of viral infection. Polyfunctional T helper (T H )1 cells and T H 17 cell subsets were underrepresented in the repertoire of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4 + T cells compared to influenza-reactive CD4 + T cells. Together, our analyses provide so far unprecedented insights into the gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 + T cells in distinct disease severities.
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8
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What a Difference a Gene Makes: Identification of Virulence Factors of Cowpox Virus. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01625-19. [PMID: 31645446 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01625-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpox virus (CPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus (OPV) that causes spillover infections from its animal hosts to humans. In 2009, several human CPXV cases occurred through transmission from pet rats. An isolate from a diseased rat, RatPox09, exhibited significantly increased virulence in Wistar rats and caused high mortality compared to that caused by the mildly virulent laboratory strain Brighton Red (BR). The RatPox09 genome encodes four genes which are absent in the BR genome. We hypothesized that their gene products could be major factors influencing the high virulence of RatPox09. To address this hypothesis, we employed several BR-RatPox09 chimeric viruses. Using Red-mediated mutagenesis, we generated BR-based knock-in mutants with single or multiple insertions of the respective RatPox09 genes. High-throughput sequencing was used to verify the genomic integrity of all recombinant viruses, and transcriptomic analyses confirmed that the expression profiles of the genes that were adjacent to the modified ones were unaltered. While the in vitro growth kinetics were comparable to those of BR and RatPox09, we discovered that a knock-in BR mutant containing the four RatPox09-specific genes was as virulent as the RatPox09 isolate, causing death in over 75% of infected Wistar rats. Unexpectedly, the insertion of gCPXV0030 (g7tGP) alone into the BR genome resulted in significantly higher clinical scores and lower survival rates matching the rate for rats infected with RatPox09. The insertion of gCPXV0284, encoding the BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac) domain protein D7L, also increased the virulence of BR, while the other two open reading frames failed to rescue virulence independently. In summary, our results confirmed our hypothesis that a relatively small set of four genes can contribute significantly to CPXV virulence in the natural rat animal model.IMPORTANCE With the cessation of vaccination against smallpox and its assumed cross-protectivity against other OPV infections, waning immunity could open up new niches for related poxviruses. Therefore, the identification of virulence mechanisms in CPXV is of general interest. Here, we aimed to identify virulence markers in an experimental rodent CPXV infection model using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based virus recombineering. We focused our work on the recent zoonotic CPXV isolate RatPox09, which is highly pathogenic in Wistar rats, unlike the avirulent BR reference strain. In several animal studies, we were able to identify a novel set of CPXV virulence genes. Two of the identified virulence genes, encoding a putative BTB/POZ protein (CPXVD7L) and a B22R-family protein (CPXV7tGP), respectively, have not yet been described to be involved in CPXV virulence. Our results also show that single genes can significantly affect virulence, thus facilitating adaptation to other hosts.
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9
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Jash A, Zhou YW, Gerardo DK, Ripperger TJ, Parikh BA, Piersma S, Jamwal DR, Kiela PR, Boon ACM, Yokoyama WM, Hsieh CS, Bhattacharya D. ZBTB32 restrains antibody responses to murine cytomegalovirus infections, but not other repetitive challenges. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15257. [PMID: 31649328 PMCID: PMC6813321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ZBTB32 is a transcription factor that is highly expressed by a subset of memory B cells and restrains the magnitude and duration of recall responses against hapten-protein conjugates. To define physiological contexts in which ZBTB32 acts, we assessed responses by Zbtb32-/- mice or bone marrow chimeras against a panel of chronic and acute challenges. Mixed bone marrow chimeras were established in which all B cells were derived from either Zbtb32-/- mice or control littermates. Chronic infection of Zbtb32-/- chimeras with murine cytomegalovirus led to nearly 20-fold higher antigen-specific IgG2b levels relative to controls by week 9 post-infection, despite similar viral loads. In contrast, IgA responses and specificities in the intestine, where memory B cells are repeatedly stimulated by commensal bacteria, were similar between Zbtb32-/- mice and control littermates. Finally, an infection and heterologous booster vaccination model revealed no role for ZBTB32 in restraining primary or recall antibody responses against influenza viruses. Thus, ZBTB32 does not limit recall responses to a number of physiological acute challenges, but does restrict antibody levels during chronic viral infections that periodically engage memory B cells. This restriction might selectively prevent recall responses against chronic infections from progressively overwhelming other antibody specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijita Jash
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - You W Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America.,Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Diana K Gerardo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Tyler J Ripperger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Bijal A Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Sytse Piersma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America.,Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Deepa R Jamwal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America.,Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Chyi S Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America.,Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States of America. .,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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10
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Coley WD, Zhao Y, Benck CJ, Liu Y, Hotta-Iwamura C, Rahman MJ, Tarbell KV. Loss of Zbtb32 in NOD mice does not significantly alter T cell responses. F1000Res 2018; 7:318. [PMID: 29707204 PMCID: PMC5909056 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13864.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously identified the transcriptional regulator Zbtb32 as a factor that can promote T cell tolerance in the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse, a model of Type 1 diabetes. Antigen targeted to DCIR2
+ dendritic cells (DCs)
in vivo inhibited both diabetes and effector T cell expansion in NOD mice. Furthermore, Zbtb32 was preferentially induced in autoreactive CD4 T cells stimulated by these tolerogenic DCIR2
+ DCs, and overexpression of Zbtb32 in islet-specific T cells inhibited the diabetes development by limiting T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Methods: To further understand the role of Zbtb32 in T cell tolerance induction, we have now used CRISPR to target the Zbtb32 gene for deletion directly in NOD mice and characterized the mutant mice. We hypothesized that the systemic loss of Zbtb32 in NOD mice would lead to increased T cell activation and increased diabetes pathogenesis. Results: Although NOD.Zbtb32
-/- male NOD mice showed a trend towards increased diabetes incidence compared to littermate controls, the difference was not significant. Furthermore, no significant alteration in lymphocyte number or function was observed. Importantly,
in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from NOD.Zbtb32
-/- mice did not produce the expected hypersensitive phenotype observed in other genetic strains, potentially due to compensation by homologous genes. Conclusions: The loss of Zbtb32 in the NOD background does not result in the expected T cell activation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Coley
- Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yongge Zhao
- Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD, 20892, USA
| | - Charles J Benck
- Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chie Hotta-Iwamura
- Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Shin HM, Kapoor VN, Kim G, Li P, Kim HR, Suresh M, Kaech SM, Wherry EJ, Selin LK, Leonard WJ, Welsh RM, Berg LJ. Transient expression of ZBTB32 in anti-viral CD8+ T cells limits the magnitude of the effector response and the generation of memory. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006544. [PMID: 28827827 PMCID: PMC5578684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infections induce CD8+ T cell responses comprised of a large population of terminal effector cells and a smaller subset of long-lived memory cells. The transcription factors regulating the relative expansion versus the long-term survival potential of anti-viral CD8+ T cells are not completely understood. We identified ZBTB32 as a transcription factor that is transiently expressed in effector CD8+ T cells. After acute virus infection, CD8+ T cells deficient in ZBTB32 showed enhanced virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and generated increased numbers of virus-specific memory cells; in contrast, persistent expression of ZBTB32 suppressed memory cell formation. The dysregulation of CD8+ T cell responses in the absence of ZBTB32 was catastrophic, as Zbtb32-/- mice succumbed to a systemic viral infection and showed evidence of severe lung pathology. We found that ZBTB32 and Blimp-1 were co-expressed following CD8+ T cell activation, bound to each other, and cooperatively regulated Blimp-1 target genes Eomes and Cd27. These findings demonstrate that ZBTB32 is a key transcription factor in CD8+ effector T cells that is required for the balanced regulation of effector versus memory responses to infection. CD8+ T lymphocytes are essential for immune protection against viruses. In response to an infection, these cells are activated, proliferate, and generate antiviral effector cells that eradicate the infection. Following this, the majority of these effector cells die, leaving a small subset of long-lived virus-specific memory T cells. Our study identifies a transcription factor, ZBTB32, that is required for the regulation of CD8+ T cell responses. In its absence, antiviral CD8+ T cell numbers increase to abnormally high levels, and generate an overabundance of memory T cells. When this dysregulated response occurs following infection with a virus that cannot be rapidly eliminated by the immune system, the infected animals die from immune-mediated tissue damage, indicating the importance of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mu Shin
- Dept of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Varun N. Kapoor
- Dept of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gwanghun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M. Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Liisa K. Selin
- Dept of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Warren J. Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raymond M. Welsh
- Dept of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leslie J. Berg
- Dept of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Jash A, Wang Y, Weisel FJ, Scharer CD, Boss JM, Shlomchik MJ, Bhattacharya D. ZBTB32 Restricts the Duration of Memory B Cell Recall Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:1159-68. [PMID: 27357154 PMCID: PMC4975986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory B cell responses are more rapid and of greater magnitude than are primary Ab responses. The mechanisms by which these secondary responses are eventually attenuated remain unknown. We demonstrate that the transcription factor ZBTB32 limits the rapidity and duration of Ab recall responses. ZBTB32 is highly expressed by mouse and human memory B cells but not by their naive counterparts. Zbtb32(-/-) mice mount normal primary Ab responses to T-dependent Ags. However, Zbtb32(-/-) memory B cell-mediated recall responses occur more rapidly and persist longer than do control responses. Microarray analyses demonstrate that Zbtb32(-/-) secondary bone marrow plasma cells display elevated expression of genes that promote cell cycle progression and mitochondrial function relative to wild-type controls. BrdU labeling and adoptive transfer experiments confirm more rapid production and a cell-intrinsic survival advantage of Zbtb32(-/-) secondary plasma cells relative to wild-type counterparts. ZBTB32 is therefore a novel negative regulator of Ab recall responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijita Jash
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Florian J Weisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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13
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Maeda T. Regulation of hematopoietic development by ZBTB transcription factors. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:310-23. [PMID: 27250345 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic development is governed by the coordinated expression of lineage- and differentiation stage-specific genes. Transcription factors play major roles in this process and their perturbation may underlie hematologic and immunologic disorders. Nearly 1900 transcription factors are encoded in the human genome: of these, 49 BTB (for broad-complex, tram-track and bric à brac)-zinc finger transcription factors referred to as ZBTB or POK proteins have been identified. ZBTB proteins, including BCL6, PLZF, ThPOK and LRF, exhibit a broad spectrum of functions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. This review summarizes developmental and molecular functions of ZBTB proteins relevant to hematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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14
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Guo Y, Liu L, Sun M, Hai Y, Li Z, He Z. Expansion and long-term culture of human spermatogonial stem cells via the activation of SMAD3 and AKT pathways. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1112-22. [PMID: 26088866 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215590822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can differentiate into spermatids, reflecting that they could be used in reproductive medicine for treating male infertility. SSCs are able to become embryonic stem-like cells with the potentials of differentiating into numerous cell types of the three germ layers and they can transdifferentiate to mature and functional cells of other lineages, highlighting significant applications of human SSCs for treating human diseases. However, human SSCs are very rare and a long-term culture system of human SSCs has not yet established. This aim of study was to isolate, identify and culture human SSCs for a long period. We isolated GPR125-positive spermatogonia with high purity and viability from adult human testicular tissues utilizing the two-step enzymatic digestion and magnetic-activated cell sorting with antibody against GPR125. These freshly isolated cells expressed a number of markers for SSCs, including GPR125, PLZF, GFRA1, RET, THY1, UCHL1 and MAGEA4, but not the hallmarks for spermatocytes and spermatozoa, e.g. SYCP1, SYCP3, PRM1, and TNP1. The isolated human SSCs could be cultured for two months with a significant increase of cell number with the defined medium containing growth factors and hydrogel. Notably, the expression of numerous SSC markers was maintained during the cultivation of human SSCs. Furthermore, SMAD3 and AKT phosphorylation was enhanced during the culture of human SSCs. Collectively, these results suggest that human SSCs can be cultivated for a long period and expanded whilst retaining an undifferentiated status via the activation of SMAD3 and AKT pathways. This study could provide sufficient cells of SSCs for their basic research and clinic applications in reproductive and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Linhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yanan Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, 145 Shangdong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zuping He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China Department of Urology, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, 145 Shangdong Road, Shanghai 200001, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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15
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Beaulieu AM, Zawislak CL, Nakayama T, Sun JC. The transcription factor Zbtb32 controls the proliferative burst of virus-specific natural killer cells responding to infection. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:546-53. [PMID: 24747678 PMCID: PMC4404304 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that exhibit many features of adaptive immunity, including clonal proliferation and long-lived memory. Here we demonstrate that the BTB-ZF transcription factor Zbtb32 (also known as ROG, FAZF, TZFP and PLZP) was essential for the proliferative burst and protective capacity of virus-specific NK cells. Signals from proinflammatory cytokines were both necessary and sufficient to induce high expression of Zbtb32 in NK cells. Zbtb32 facilitated NK cell proliferation during infection by antagonizing the anti-proliferative factor Blimp-1 (Prdm1). Our data support a model in which Zbtb32 acts as a cellular 'hub' through which proinflammatory signals instruct a 'proliferation-permissive' state in NK cells, thereby allowing their prolific expansion in response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M Beaulieu
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carolyn L Zawislak
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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The role of BTB-zinc finger transcription factors during T cell development and in the regulation of T cell-mediated immunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 381:21-49. [PMID: 24850219 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The proper regulation of the development and function of peripheral helper and cytotoxic T cell lineages is essential for T cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Progress made during the last 10-15 years led to the identification of several transcription factors and transcription factor networks that control the development and function of T cell subsets. Among the transcription factors identified are also several members of the so-called BTB/POZ domain containing zinc finger (ZF) transcription factor family (BTB-ZF), and important roles of BTB-ZF factors have been described. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview about the role of BTB-ZF factors during T cell development and in peripheral T cells.
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17
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PLZF expression during colorectal cancer development and in normal colorectal mucosa according to body size, as marker of colorectal cancer risk. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:630869. [PMID: 24348178 PMCID: PMC3848341 DOI: 10.1155/2013/630869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is a protein involved in various signaling, growth regulatory, and differentiation pathways, including development/function of some T cells. Here, we aimed at the detection of PLZF during colorectal carcinogenesis, using immunofluorescence, and at the evaluation of the colocalization of PLZF with CD2 and CD56 positive cells (T, γδ, NK, and NKT cells), using confocal-microscopy, along colorectal carcinogenesis, since its earliest stages, that is, dysplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Furthermore, we analyzed PLZF in the normal colonic mucosa (NM) according to anthropometric parameters of the subject. NM exhibited strong CD56 fluorescent staining. This infiltration was lost in both ACF and colorectal carcinoma (CRC), while PLZF presence increased from NM to ACF and CRC. Strong association was found between CD56+ colonic mucosa cell infiltration and body mass index. Interestingly, an increased stromal PLZF-reactivity was present in NM of obese subjects. This study shows that overexpression of PLZF and exclusion of NK cells in dysplastic microenvironment are very early events in the stepwise sequence leading to CRC and that lower levels of CD56+ cells in NM, together with increased levels of PLZF+ cells, can be a reflection of colon cancer risk due to obesity.
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18
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Furu K, Klungland A. Tzfp represses the androgen receptor in mouse testis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62314. [PMID: 23634227 PMCID: PMC3636255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The testis zinc finger protein (Tzfp), also known as Repressor of GATA, belongs to the BTB/POZ zinc finger family of transcription factors and is thought to play a role in spermatogenesis due to its remarkably high expression in testis. Despite many attempts to find the in vivo role of the protein, the molecular function is still largely unknown. Here, we address this issue using a novel mouse model with a disrupted Tzfp gene. Homozygous Tzfp null mice are born at reduced frequency but appear viable and fertile. Sertoli cells in testes lacking Tzfp display an increase in Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling, and several genes in the testis, including Gata1, Aie1 and Fanc, show increased expression. Our results indicate that Tzfp function as a transcriptional regulator and that loss of the protein leads to alterations in AR signaling and reduced number of apoptotic cells in the testicular tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Furu
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
The BTB-ZF (broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-à-brac--zinc finger) proteins are encoded by at least 49 genes in mouse and man and commonly serve as sequence-specific silencers of gene expression. This review will focus on the known physiological functions of mammalian BTB-ZF proteins, which include essential roles in the development of the immune system. We discuss their function in terminally differentiated lymphocytes and the progenitors that give rise to them, their action in hematopoietic malignancy and roles beyond the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Siggs
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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20
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Punwani D, Simon K, Choi Y, Dutra A, Gonzalez-Espinosa D, Pak E, Naradikian M, Song CH, Zhang J, Bodine DM, Puck JM. Transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain 1 is essential for lymphocyte development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 189:1253-64. [PMID: 22753936 PMCID: PMC3401355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Absent T lymphocytes were unexpectedly found in homozygotes of a transgenic mouse from an unrelated project. T cell development did not progress beyond double-negative stage 1 thymocytes, resulting in a hypocellular, vestigial thymus. B cells were present, but NK cell number and B cell isotype switching were reduced. Transplantation of wild-type hematopoietic cells corrected the defect, which was traced to a deletion involving five contiguous genes at the transgene insertion site on chromosome 12C3. Complementation using bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis implicated zinc finger BTB-POZ domain protein 1 (Zbtb1) in the immunodeficiency, confirming its role in T cell development and suggesting involvement in B and NK cell differentiation. Targeted disruption of Zbtb1 recapitulated the T(-)B(+)NK(-) SCID phenotype of the original transgenic animal. Knockouts for Zbtb1 had expanded populations of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and also multipotent and early lymphoid lineages, suggesting a differentiation bottleneck for common lymphoid progenitors. Expression of mRNA encoding Zbtb1, a predicted transcription repressor, was greatest in hematopoietic stem cells, thymocytes, and pre-B cells, highlighting its essential role in lymphoid development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/cytology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/cytology
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/deficiency
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
- Zinc Fingers/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Punwani
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91413; USA
| | - Karen Simon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892; USA
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Dept. of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 28 Yungun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-74928
| | - Amalia Dutra
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892; USA
| | | | - Evgenia Pak
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892; USA
| | - Martin Naradikian
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91413; USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104; USA
| | - Chang-Hwa Song
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91413; USA
- Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - Jenny Zhang
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91413; USA
| | - David M. Bodine
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892; USA
| | - Jennifer M. Puck
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91413; USA
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21
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Yoon HS, Scharer CD, Majumder P, Davis CW, Butler R, Zinzow-Kramer W, Skountzou I, Koutsonanos DG, Ahmed R, Boss JM. ZBTB32 is an early repressor of the CIITA and MHC class II gene expression during B cell differentiation to plasma cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2393-403. [PMID: 22851713 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CIITA and MHC class II expression is silenced during the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells. When B cell differentiation is carried out ex vivo, CIITA silencing occurs rapidly, but the factors contributing to this event are not known. ZBTB32, also known as repressor of GATA3, was identified as an early repressor of CIITA in an ex vivo plasma cell differentiation model. ZBTB32 activity occurred at a time when B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), the regulator of plasma cell fate and suppressor of CIITA, was minimally induced. Ectopic expression of ZBTB32 suppressed CIITA and I-A gene expression in B cells. Short hairpin RNA depletion of ZBTB32 in a plasma cell line resulted in re-expression of CIITA and I-A. Compared with conditional Blimp-1 knockout and wild-type B cells, B cells from ZBTB32/ROG-knockout mice displayed delayed kinetics in silencing CIITA during ex vivo plasma cell differentiation. ZBTB32 was found to bind to the CIITA gene, suggesting that ZBTB32 directly regulates CIITA. Lastly, ZBTB32 and Blimp-1 coimmunoprecipitated, suggesting that the two repressors may ultimately function together to silence CIITA expression. These results introduce ZBTB32 as a novel regulator of MHC-II gene expression and a potential regulatory partner of Blimp-1 in repressing gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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22
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Meredith MM, Liu K, Kamphorst AO, Idoyaga J, Yamane A, Guermonprez P, Rihn S, Yao KH, Silva IT, Oliveira TY, Skokos D, Casellas R, Nussenzweig MC. Zinc finger transcription factor zDC is a negative regulator required to prevent activation of classical dendritic cells in the steady state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1583-93. [PMID: 22851594 PMCID: PMC3428942 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) process and present antigens to T cells. Under steady-state conditions, antigen presentation by cDCs induces tolerance. In contrast, during infection or inflammation, cDCs become activated, express higher levels of cell surface MHC molecules, and induce strong adaptive immune responses. We recently identified a cDC-restricted zinc finger transcription factor, zDC (also known as Zbtb46 or Btbd4), that is not expressed by other immune cell populations, including plasmacytoid DCs, monocytes, or macrophages. We define the zDC consensus DNA binding motif and the genes regulated by zDC using chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing. By deleting zDC from the mouse genome, we show that zDC is primarily a negative regulator of cDC gene expression. zDC deficiency alters the cDC subset composition in the spleen in favor of CD8(+) DCs, up-regulates activation pathways in steady-state cDCs, including elevated MHC II expression, and enhances cDC production of vascular endothelial growth factor leading to increased vascularization of skin-draining lymph nodes. Consistent with these observations, zDC protein expression is rapidly down-regulated after TLR stimulation. Thus, zDC is a TLR-responsive, cDC-specific transcriptional repressor that is in part responsible for preventing cDC maturation in the steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Meredith
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Dobson NR, Moore RT, Tobin JE, Armstrong RC. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor regulates oligodendrocyte lineage cell differentiation in developing white matter. Glia 2012; 60:1378-90. [PMID: 22615173 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates differentiation and oncogenesis in multiple tissues and cell lineages. The potential role for LRF in cells of the CNS has not been examined to date. This study shows prominent nuclear expression of LRF in diverse neuronal populations and in oligodendrocytes. We focused on examining the function of LRF during the transition from oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) to mature oligodendrocyte that is associated with myelination in the postnatal spinal cord. During spinal cord myelination, LRF is expressed in only a minority of OP cells whereas most mature oligodendrocytes exhibited nuclear LRF immunoreactivity. Mice with floxed alleles of the Zbtb7a gene, which encodes for LRF protein, were used for in vivo analysis of LRF function. Lentiviral driven Cre recombinase inactivation of LRF at postnatal day 7 reduced the proportion of OP cells that differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes by postnatal day 28. Astrocyte populations were not altered by LRF deletion in the same tissues. These results indicate that LRF deletion reduces differentiation within the oligodendrocyte lineage and does not alter OP lineage choice. In vitro analysis confirmed a specific effect of LRF on OP differentiation. In neonatal OP cultures, RNA interference targeting LRF inhibited OP differentiation while LRF transduction was sufficient to induce differentiation into oligodendrocytes. These results support a critical role for LRF in transcriptional control of differentiation in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during developmental myelination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Dobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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24
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Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is a unique histological structure found in peripheral lymphoid organs. GCs provide an important source of humoral immunity by generating high affinity antibodies against a pathogen. The GC response is tightly regulated during clonal expansion, immunoglobulin modification, and affinity maturation, whereas its deregulation has a detrimental effect on immune function, leading to development of diseases, such as lymphoma and autoimmunity. LRF (lymphoma/leukemia-related factor), encoded by the ZBTB7A gene, is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the POK (POZ and Krüppel)/ZBTB (zing finger and BTB) protein family. LRF was originally identified as a PLZF (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger) homolog that physically interacts with BCL6 (B-cell lymphoma 6), whose expression is required for GC formation and associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Recently, our group demonstrated that LRF plays critical roles in regulating lymphoid lineage commitment, mature B-cell development, and the GC response via distinct mechanisms. Herein, we review POK/ZBTB protein function in lymphoid development, with particular emphasis on the role of LRF in GC B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Uk Lee
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Fanconi anemia proteins and their interacting partners: a molecular puzzle. Anemia 2012; 2012:425814. [PMID: 22737580 PMCID: PMC3378961 DOI: 10.1155/2012/425814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Fanconi anemia (FA) has been the subject of intense investigations, primarily in the DNA repair research field. Many discoveries have led to the notion of a canonical pathway, termed the FA pathway, where all FA proteins function sequentially in different protein complexes to repair DNA cross-link damages. Although a detailed architecture of this DNA cross-link repair pathway is emerging, the question of how a defective DNA cross-link repair process translates into the disease phenotype is unresolved. Other areas of research including oxidative metabolism, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation have been studied in the context of FA, and some of these areas were investigated before the fervent enthusiasm in the DNA repair field. These other molecular mechanisms may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, several FA-interacting proteins have been identified with roles in these “other” nonrepair molecular functions. Thus, the goal of this paper is to revisit old ideas and to discuss protein-protein interactions related to other FA-related molecular functions to try to give the reader a wider perspective of the FA molecular puzzle.
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26
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Beaulieu AM, Sant'Angelo DB. The BTB-ZF family of transcription factors: key regulators of lineage commitment and effector function development in the immune system. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2841-7. [PMID: 21900183 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Successful immunity depends upon the activity of multiple cell types. Commitment of pluripotent precursor cells to specific lineages, such as T or B cells, is obviously fundamental to this process. However, it is also becoming clear that continued differentiation and specialization of lymphoid cells is equally important for immune system integrity. Several members of the BTB-ZF family have emerged as critical factors that control development of specific lineages and also of specific effector subsets within these lineages. For example, BTB-ZF genes have been shown to control T cell versus B cell commitment and CD4 versus CD8 lineage commitment. Others, such as PLZF for NKT cells and Bcl-6 for T follicular helper cells, are necessary for the acquisition of effector functions. In this review, we summarize current findings concerning the BTB-ZF family members with a reported role in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M Beaulieu
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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de Greef J, Wang J, Balog J, den Dunnen J, Frants R, Straasheijm K, Aytekin C, van der Burg M, Duprez L, Ferster A, Gennery A, Gimelli G, Reisli I, Schuetz C, Schulz A, Smeets D, Sznajer Y, Wijmenga C, van Eggermond M, van Ostaijen-ten Dam M, Lankester A, van Tol M, van den Elsen P, Weemaes C, van der Maarel S. Mutations in ZBTB24 are associated with immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies syndrome type 2. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88:796-804. [PMID: 21596365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is mainly characterized by recurrent, often fatal, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. About 50% of patients carry mutations in the DNA methyltransferase 3B gene (DNMT3B) (ICF1). The remaining patients carry unknown genetic defects (ICF2) but share with ICF1 patients the same immunological and epigenetic features, including hypomethylation of juxtacentromeric repeat sequences. We performed homozygosity mapping in five unrelated ICF2 patients with consanguineous parents and then performed whole-exome sequencing in one of these patients and Sanger sequencing in all to identify mutations in the zinc-finger- and BTB (bric-a-bric, tramtrack, broad complex)-domain-containing 24 (ZBTB24) gene in four consanguineously descended ICF2 patients. Additionally, we found ZBTB24 mutations in an affected sibling pair and in one patient for whom it was not known whether his parents were consanguineous. ZBTB24 belongs to a large family of transcriptional repressors that include members, such as BCL6 and PATZ1, with prominent regulatory roles in hematopoietic development and malignancy. These data thus indicate that ZBTB24 is involved in DNA methylation of juxtacentromeric DNA and in B cell development and/or B and T cell interactions. Because ZBTB24 is a putative DNA-binding protein highly expressed in the lymphoid lineage, we predict that by studying the molecular function of ZBTB24, we will improve our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of ICF syndrome and of lymphocyte biology in general.
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29
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Shapiro MJ, Shapiro VS. Transcriptional repressors, corepressors and chromatin modifying enzymes in T cell development. Cytokine 2010; 53:271-81. [PMID: 21163671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is regulated by the combined action of transcriptional activators and transcriptional repressors. Transcriptional repressors function by recruiting corepressor complexes containing histone-modifying enzymes to specific sites within DNA. Chromatin modifying complexes are subsequently recruited, either directly by transcriptional repressors, or indirectly via corepressor complexes and/or histone modifications, to remodel chromatin into either a transcription-friendly 'open' form or an inhibitory 'closed' form. Transcriptional repressors, corepressors and chromatin modifying complexes play critical roles throughout T cell development. Here, we highlight those genes that function to repress transcription and that have been shown to be required for T cell development.
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30
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Södersten E, Lilja T, Hermanson O. The novel BTB/POZ and zinc finger factor Zbtb45 is essential for proper glial differentiation of neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4866-75. [PMID: 21131782 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.24.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling the fate decisions of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a crucial issue to shed new light on mammalian central nervous system (CNS) development in health and disease. We have investigated a possible role for the previously uncharacterized BTB/POZ-domain containing zinc finger factor Zbtb45 in the differentiation of NSCs and postnatal oligodendrocyte precursors. In situ hybridization histochemistry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Zbtb45 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in the developing CNS in mouse embryos at embryonic day (E) 12.5 and 14.5. Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown in embryonic forebrain NSCs by siRNA resulted in a rapid decrease in the expression of oligodendrocyte-characteristic genes after mitogen (FGF2) withdrawal, whereas the expression of astrocyte-associated genes such as CD44 and GFAP increased compared to control. Accordingly, the number of astrocytes was significantly increased seven days after Zbtb45 siRNA delivery to NSCs, in contrast to the numbers of neuronal and oligodendrocyte-like cells. Surprisingly, mRNA knockdown of the Zbtb45-associated factor Med31, a subunit of the Mediator complex, did not result in any detectable effect on NSC differentiation. Similar to NSCs, Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown in oligodendrocyte precursors (CG-4) reduced oligodendrocyte maturation upon mitogen withdrawal associated with down-regulation of the mRNA expression and protein levels of markers for oligodendrocytic differentiation. Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown did not significantly affect proliferation or cell death in any of the cell types. Based on these observations, we propose that Zbtb45 is a novel regulator of glial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Södersten
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Insights into Strand Exchange in BTB Domain Dimers from the Crystal Structures of FAZF and Miz1. J Mol Biol 2010; 400:983-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Hobbs RM, Pandolfi PP. Shape-shifting and tumor suppression by PLZF. Oncotarget 2010; 1:3-5. [PMID: 21293049 PMCID: PMC4053541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Hobbs
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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33
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Comparative gene expression analysis of zebrafish and mammals identifies common regulators in hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2010; 115:e1-9. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in teleost fish is maintained in the kidney. We previously reported that Hoechst dye efflux activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is highly conserved in vertebrates, and that Hoechst can be used to purify HSCs from teleost kidneys. Regulatory molecules that are strongly associated with HSC activity may also be conserved in vertebrates. In this study, we identified evolutionarily conserved molecular components in HSCs by comparing the gene expression profiles of zebrafish, murine, and human HSCs. Microarray data of zebrafish kidney side population cells (zSPs) showed that genes involved in cell junction and signal transduction tended to be up-regulated in zSPs, whereas genes involved in DNA replication tended to be down-regulated. These properties of zSPs were similar to those of mammalian HSCs. Overlapping gene expression analysis showed that 40 genes were commonly up-regulated in these 3 HSCs. Some of these genes, such as egr1, gata2, and id1, have been previously implicated in the regulation of HSCs. In situ hybridization in zebrafish kidney revealed that expression domains of egr1, gata2, and id1 overlapped with that of abcg2a, a marker for zSPs. These results suggest that the overlapping genes identified in this study are regulated in HSCs and play important roles in their functions.
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34
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Liška F, Šnajdr P, Šedová L, Šeda O, Chylíková B, Slámová P, Krejčí E, Sedmera D, Grim M, Křenová D, Křen V. Deletion of a conserved noncoding sequence inPlzfintron leads toPlzfdown-regulation in limb bud and polydactyly in the rat. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:673-84. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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35
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Repressor of GATA regulates TH2-driven allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:512-20.e11. [PMID: 18620745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of human asthma and of animal models of allergic inflammation/asthma highlight a crucial role for T(H)2 cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Repressor of GATA (ROG) is a POZ (BTB) domain-containing Kruppel-type zinc finger family (or POK family) repressor. A repressive function to GATA3, a master transcription factor for T(H)2 cell differentiation, is indicated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the regulatory roles of ROG in the pathogenesis of T(H)2-driven allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma. METHODS We examined allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in 3 different mouse models, which use either ROG-deficient (ROG(-/-)) mice, ROG transgenic mice, or adoptive transfer of cells. RESULTS In ROG(-/-) mice T(H)2 cell differentiation, T(H)2 responses, eosinophilic airway inflammation, and AHR were enhanced. In ROG transgenic mice the levels of eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR were dramatically reduced. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of T(H)2 cells with increased or decreased levels of ROG expression into the asthmatic mice resulted in reduced or enhanced airway inflammation, respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ROG regulates allergic airway inflammation and AHR in a negative manner, and thus ROG might represent another potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthmatic patients.
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36
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Retinoblastoma protein and the leukemia-associated PLZF transcription factor interact to repress target gene promoters. Oncogene 2008; 27:5260-6. [PMID: 18504436 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Translocations of the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha) locus with the promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) or PML genes lead to expression of oncogenic PLZF-RARalpha or PML-RARalpha fusion proteins, respectively. These fusion oncoproteins constitutively repress RARalpha target genes, in large part through aberrant recruitment of multiprotein co-repressor complexes. PML and PML-RARalpha have previously been shown to associate with the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumour suppressor protein in its hypophosphorylated state. Here, we demonstrate that PLZF also interacts with Rb in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between PLZF and Rb is mediated through the Rb pocket and the region of PLZF that lies between its transcriptional repression (poxvirus and zinc-finger, POZ) and DNA-binding (zinc-finger) domains. In addition, Rb can simultaneously interact with PLZF and the E2F1 S phase-inducing transcription factor, suggesting that these proteins can exist in the same multiprotein complex. In contrast to the interaction of Rb with PML or E2F1, the PLZF-Rb interaction is not dependent on hypophosphorylation of Rb. These data are supported by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, which indicates that PLZF associates with the promoter region of CDC6, a known E2F/Rb target gene. Co-expression of PLZF and Rb results in enhancement of transcriptional repression of PLZF and E2F/Rb target genes, indicating functional co-operation between the two proteins. Both PLZF and Rb have been shown to function in stem cells and taken together these data suggest that interactions between PLZF and Rb could be important in stem cell biology.
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37
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Costoya JA, Hobbs RM, Pandolfi PP. Cyclin-dependent kinase antagonizes promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger through phosphorylation. Oncogene 2008; 27:3789-96. [PMID: 18246121 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is associated with chromosomal translocations that involve the RARalpha gene and several distinct loci producing a variety of fusion proteins. One such fusion partner is promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger gene (PLZF), a member of the POK (POZ and Krüppel) family of transcriptional repressors that is a key developmental regulator, stem cell maintenance factor and tumor suppressor. Overexpression of PLZF has been shown to induce cell cycle arrest at the G(1) to S transition and repress the expression of key pro-proliferative genes such as CCNA2 and MYC. However, given this data suggesting an important growth inhibitory role for PLZF, relatively little is known regarding regulation of its activity. Here we show that the main cyclin-dependent kinase involved at the G(1) to S transition (CDK2) phosphorylates PLZF at two consensus sites found within PEST domains present in the hinge region of the protein. This phosphorylation triggers the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of PLZF, which impairs PLZF transcriptional repression ability and antagonizes its growth inhibitory effects. This critical mechanism of PLZF regulation may thus be relevant for cell cycle progression during the development and the pathogenesis of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Costoya
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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38
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Maeda T, Merghoub T, Hobbs RM, Dong L, Maeda M, Zakrzewski J, van den Brink MRM, Zelent A, Shigematsu H, Akashi K, Teruya-Feldstein J, Cattoretti G, Pandolfi PP. Regulation of B versus T lymphoid lineage fate decision by the proto-oncogene LRF. Science 2007; 316:860-6. [PMID: 17495164 PMCID: PMC2978506 DOI: 10.1126/science.1140881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to lymphoid progenitors, which subsequently differentiate into B and T lymphocytes. Here we show that the proto-oncogene LRF plays an essential role in the B versus T lymphoid cell-fate decision. We demonstrate that LRF is key for instructing early lymphoid progenitors in mice to develop into B lineage cells by repressing T cell-instructive signals produced by the cell-fate signal protein, Notch. We propose a new model for lymphoid lineage commitment, in which LRF acts as a master regulator of the cell's determination of B versus T lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robin M. Hobbs
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lin Dong
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Manami Maeda
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Johannes Zakrzewski
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marcel R. M. van den Brink
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Arthur Zelent
- Leukemia Research Fund Center at the Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty, Laboratories, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, London, UK
| | - Hirokazu Shigematsu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Smith Building 770A 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Smith Building 770A 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie Teruya-Feldstein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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39
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Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with reciprocal and balanced chromosomal translocations always involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARa) gene on chromosome 17 and variable partner genes (X genes) on distinct chromosomes. RARalpha fuses to the PML gene in the majority of APL cases, and in a few cases to the PLZF, NPM, NuMA and STAT5b genes. As a consequence, X-RARalpha and RARalpha-X fusion genes are generated encoding aberrant chimeric proteins that exert critical oncogenic functions. Here we will integrate some of the most recent findings in APL research in a unified model and discuss some of the outstanding questions that remain to be addressed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/physiopathology
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Scaglioni
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, NY, New York 10021, USA
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40
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Abstract
The PLZF gene is one of five partners fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic leukemia. PLZF encodes a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor and the PLZF-RARalpha fusion protein like other RARalpha fusions can inhibit the genetic program mediated by the wild tpe retinoic acid receptor. However an increasing body of literature indicates an important role for the PLZF gene in growth control and development. This information suggests that loss of PLZF function might also contribute to leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McConnell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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41
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Bilic I, Ellmeier W. The role of BTB domain-containing zinc finger proteins in T cell development and function. Immunol Lett 2006; 108:1-9. [PMID: 17084908 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate specifications during T lymphocyte differentiation result from the orchestrated expression of developmentally regulated genes. Furthermore, epigenetic processes that result in a heritable chromatin structure are required for the maintenance of gene expression programs within cells. More and more is known about the basic mechanisms of T cell development and their diversification into various peripheral T cell subsets. Recent research has begun to provide insight into the interactive network of transcription factors as critical regulators of T lymphocyte differentiation. In the past years several members of the BTB domain-containing family of zinc finger proteins (BTB-ZF) have been described to be important for the development and function of hematopoietic cells, and also to contribute to malignant hematopoiesis. This review will provide a brief overview about the role of BTB-ZF proteins during thymocyte development and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bilic
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kelly KF, Daniel JM. POZ for effect--POZ-ZF transcription factors in cancer and development. Trends Cell Biol 2006; 16:578-87. [PMID: 16996269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The BTB/POZ-ZF [Broad complex, Tramtrack, Bric à brac (BTB) or poxvirus and zinc finger (POZ)-zinc finger] protein family comprises a diverse group of transcription factors. POZ-ZF proteins have been implicated in many biological processes, including B cell fate determination, DNA damage responses, cell cycle progression and a multitude of developmental events, including gastrulation, limb formation and hematopoietic stem cell fate determination. Consequently, dysfunction of vertebrate POZ-ZF proteins, such as promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC-1), Kaiso, ZBTB7 and Fanconi anemia zinc finger (FAZF), has been linked directly or indirectly to tumorigenesis and developmental disorders. Here, we discuss recent advances in the POZ-ZF field and the implications for the design of future studies to elucidate the biological roles of these unique transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F Kelly
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Agrawal A, Yang J, Murphy RF, Agrawal DK. Regulation of the p14ARF-Mdm2-p53 pathway: an overview in breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:115-22. [PMID: 16919268 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the roles of proteins that are abnormally suppressed or activated due to mutation in the DNA sequences of the common tumor suppressor genes, p14ARF and p53, is critical to the understanding the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Mdm2 is a mediator for the function of both p14ARF and p53. In this review article factors including Pokemon, Geminin, Twist, and Apigenin, which control the action of individual proteins in the p14ARF-Mdm2-p53 pathway in breast cancer as well the consequences of mutation 7 of p53 are discussed. The complexity of interaction of components of the pathway and the underlying development of cancer is emphasized. Opportunities for future therapeutic innovations are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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