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Randriamanantsoa SJ, Raich MK, Saur D, Reichert M, Bausch AR. Coexisting mechanisms of luminogenesis in pancreatic cancer-derived organoids. iScience 2024; 27:110299. [PMID: 39055943 PMCID: PMC11269295 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lumens are crucial features of the tissue architecture in both the healthy exocrine pancreas, where ducts shuttle enzymes from the acini to the intestine, and in the precancerous lesions of the highly lethal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), similarly displaying lumens that can further develop into cyst-like structures. Branched pancreatic-cancer derived organoids capture key architectural features of both the healthy and diseased pancreas, including lumens. However, their transition from a solid mass of cells to a hollow tissue remains insufficiently explored. Here, we show that organoids display two orthogonal but complementary lumen formation mechanisms: one relying on fluid intake for multiple microlumen nucleation, swelling and fusion, and the other involving the death of a central cell population, thereby hollowing out cavities. These results shed further light on the processes of luminogenesis, deepening our understanding of the early formation of PDAC precancerous lesions, including cystic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Randriamanantsoa
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Chair for Cellular Biophysics E27, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marion K. Raich
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Chair for Cellular Biophysics E27, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Translational Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas R. Bausch
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Chair for Cellular Biophysics E27, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering (COS), 85748 Garching, Germany
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Norton CE, Shaw RL, Safa, Dockery B, Domeier TL, Segal SS. Advanced age and female sex protect cerebral arteries from mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis during acute oxidative stress. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14110. [PMID: 38380477 PMCID: PMC11113258 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can impair vascular function and contribute to brain injury. However, aging can also promote resilience to acute oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that advanced age protects smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) of posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs; diameter, ∼80 μm) during exposure to H2O2. PCAs from young (4-6 months) and old (20-26 months) male and female C57BL/6 mice were isolated and pressurized (~70 mm Hg) to evaluate cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ROS production, and [Ca2+]i in response to H2O2 (200 μM, 50 min). SMC death and ΔΨm depolarization were greater in PCAs from males vs. females. Aging increased ROS in PCAs from both sexes but increased SMC resilience to death only in males. Inhibiting TRPV4 channels with HC-067047 (1 μM) or Src kinases with SU6656 (10 μM) reduced Ca2+ entry and SMC death to H2O2 most effectively in PCAs from young males. Activating TRPV4 channels with GSK1016790A (50 nM) evoked greater Ca2+ influx in SMCs and ECs of PCAs from young vs. old mice but did not induce cell death. However, when combined with H2O2, TRPV4 activation exacerbated EC death. Activating Src kinases with spermidine (100 μM) increased Ca2+ influx in PCAs from males vs. females with minimal cell death. We conclude that in males, chronic oxidative stress during aging increases the resilience of cerebral arteries, which contrasts with inherent protection in females. Findings implicate TRP channels and Src kinases as targets to limit vascular damage to acute oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Shaw
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Safa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Beyoncé Dockery
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Timothy L. Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Steven S. Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research CenterColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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3
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Tekavec E, Nilsson T, Dahlin LB, Huynh E, Axmon A, Nordander C, Riddar J, Kåredal M. Serum biomarkers in patients with hand-arm vibration injury and in controls. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2719. [PMID: 38302542 PMCID: PMC10834969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hand-arm vibration injury is a well-known occupational disorder that affects many workers globally. The diagnosis is based mainly on quantitative psychophysical tests and medical history. Typical manifestations of hand-arm vibration injury entail episodes of finger blanching, Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and sensorineural symptoms from affected nerve fibres and mechanoreceptors in the skin. Differences in serum levels of 17 different biomarkers between 92 patients with hand-arm vibration injury and 51 controls were analysed. Patients with hand-arm vibration injury entailing RP and sensorineural manifestations showed elevated levels of biomarkers associated with endothelial injury or dysfunction, inflammation, vaso- or neuroprotective compensatory, or apoptotic mechanisms: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); thrombomodulin (TM), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27); von Willebrand factor, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and caspase-3. This study adds important knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms that can contribute to the implementation of a more objective method for diagnosis of hand-arm vibration injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tekavec
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Tohr Nilsson
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine-Hand Surgery, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Huynh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Skåne, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Axmon
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Nordander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Riddar
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Skåne, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
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Tuning of Liver Sieve: The Interplay between Actin and Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Regulates Fenestration Size and Number in Murine Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179850. [PMID: 36077249 PMCID: PMC9456121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) facilitate the efficient transport of macromolecules and solutes between the blood and hepatocytes. The efficiency of this transport is realized via transcellular nanopores, called fenestrations. The mean fenestration size is 140 ± 20 nm, with the range from 50 nm to 350 nm being mostly below the limits of diffraction of visible light. The cellular mechanisms controlling fenestrations are still poorly understood. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that both Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain (MLC) kinase (MLCK)-dependent phosphorylation of MLC regulates fenestrations. We verified the hypothesis using a combination of several molecular inhibitors and by applying two high-resolution microscopy modalities: structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We demonstrated precise, dose-dependent, and reversible regulation of the mean fenestration diameter within a wide range from 120 nm to 220 nm and the fine-tuning of the porosity in a range from ~0% up to 12% using the ROCK pathway. Moreover, our findings indicate that MLCK is involved in the formation of new fenestrations—after inhibiting MLCK, closed fenestrations cannot be reopened with other agents. We, therefore, conclude that the Rho-ROCK pathway is responsible for the control of the fenestration diameter, while the inhibition of MLCK prevents the formation of new fenestrations.
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Wu D, Fan Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Wang L, Wang L. Low Protein Diets Supplemented With Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhance the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Health in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Front Immunol 2022; 13:915657. [PMID: 35720284 PMCID: PMC9200961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation in a low protein (LP) diet on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 600 carp were randomly divided into five dietary groups: a normal protein (NP) diet containing 32% crude protein, an LP diet formulated with 28% crude protein, and LP with AKG at 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% (dry matter). After an 8-week trial period, the results demonstrated that an LP diet led to a decrease in performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function. Compared with the LP group, the final body weight and weight gain rate in the LP+0.4% AKG group were significantly higher, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased with the addition of 0.4% and 0.8% AKG. The supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% AKG markedly increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px, as well as the expression levels of GPX1a and GPX1b relative to the LP group, whereas the MDA content was significantly decreased in the LP+0.4% AKG group. In addition, the expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-3, claudin-7, ZO-1, and MLCK were significantly up-regulated in the LP+0.4% AKG group, and the relative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6α were significantly lower with the addition of 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% AKG. Moreover, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the LP+0.4% AKG group was lower than that in the LP group, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria was higher at the phylum level. The abundance of Citrobacter in the LP+0.4% AKG group was decreased compared to the LP group, while the abundance of Aeromonas was increased at the genus level. In short, the effects of AKG on the intestinal health of the common carp were systematically and comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of intestinal physical barrier, chemical barrier, biological barrier, and immune barrier. We found that an LP diet supplemented with 0.4% AKG was beneficial to the growth performance and intestinal health of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- AHP Application Research Institute, Weifang Addeasy Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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Norton CE, Shaw RL, Mittler R, Segal SS. Endothelial cells promote smooth muscle cell resilience to H 2 O 2 -induced cell death in mouse cerebral arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13819. [PMID: 35380737 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Brain injury produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little is known of how acute oxidative stress affects cell survival in the cerebral vascular supply. We hypothesized that endothelial cells (ECs) are more resilient to H2 O2 and protect vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during acute oxidative stress. METHODS Mouse posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs; diameter, ~80 µm) were exposed to H2 O2 (200 µM, 50 min, 37°C). Nuclear staining identified dead and live cells of intact and endothelium-disrupted vessels. SMC [Ca2+ ]i was assessed with Fura-2 fluorescence, and superoxide production was assessed by dihydroethidium and MitoSOX fluorescence. RESULTS In response to H2 O2 : SMC death (21%) exceeded EC death (5%) and increased following endothelial disruption (to 48%) with a corresponding increase in SMC Ca2+ entry through transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Whereas pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 channels prevented SMC death and reduced Ca2+ entry for intact vessels, both remained elevated following endothelial disruption. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of TRPC3 prevented SMC death and attenuated Ca2+ entry for both intact and endothelium-disrupted vessels. Inhibiting gap junctions increased EC death (to 22%) while SMC death and [Ca2+ ]i responses were attenuated by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis or scavenging superoxide/peroxynitrite. Inhibiting NADPH oxidases also prevented SMC Ca2+ entry and death. H2 O2 increased mitochondrial ROS production while scavenging mitochondria-derived superoxide prevented SMC death but not Ca2+ entry. CONCLUSIONS During acute exposure of cerebral arteries to acute oxidative stress, ECs are more resilient than SMCs and the endothelium may protect SMCs by reducing Ca2+ entry through TRPC3 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Rebecca L. Shaw
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Surgery University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Steven S. Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center Columbia Missouri USA
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Nawrot DA, Ozer LY, Al Haj Zen A. A Novel High Content Angiogenesis Assay Reveals That Lacidipine, L-Type Calcium Channel Blocker, Induces In Vitro Vascular Lumen Expansion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094891. [PMID: 35563280 PMCID: PMC9100973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical cellular process toward establishing a functional circulatory system capable of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissue in demand. In vitro angiogenesis assays represent an important tool for elucidating the biology of blood vessel formation and for drug discovery applications. Herein, we developed a novel, high content 2D angiogenesis assay that captures endothelial morphogenesis’s cellular processes, including lumen formation. In this assay, endothelial cells form luminized vascular-like structures in 48 h. The assay was validated for its specificity and performance. Using the optimized assay, we conducted a phenotypic screen of a library containing 150 FDA-approved cardiovascular drugs to identify modulators of lumen formation. The screening resulted in several L-type calcium channel blockers being able to expand the lumen space compared to controls. Among these blockers, Lacidipine was selected for follow-up studies. We found that the endothelial cells treated with Lacidipine showed enhanced activity of caspase-3 in the luminal space. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase activity abolished the Lacidipine-enhancing effect on lumen formation, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis. Using a Ca2+ biosensor, we found that Lacipidine reduces the intracellular Ca2+ oscillations amplitude in the endothelial cells at the early stage, whereas Lacidipine blocks these Ca2+ oscillations completely at the late stage. The inhibition of MLCK exhibits a phenotype of lumen expansion similar to that of Lacidipine. In conclusion, this study describes a novel high-throughput phenotypic assay to study angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that calcium signalling plays an essential role during lumen morphogenesis. L-type Ca2+ channel blockers could be used for more efficient angiogenesis-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota A. Nawrot
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Alzheimer’s Research UK, Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Lutfiye Yildiz Ozer
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4454-6352
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Yang X, Wang N, Ren S, Hu Y, Wang H, Ji A, Cao L, Li M, Liu J, Wang H. Phosphorylation regulation of cardiac proteins in Babesia microti infected mice in an effort to restore heart function. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35313969 PMCID: PMC8935697 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Babesia is a common protozoan parasite that infects red blood cells. In mice infected with Babesia microti, the red blood cells were lysed, resulting in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. To compensate for low blood oxygen levels, stress on the heart was greatly increased. Babesiosis induces a variety of pathologies; meanwhile, heart tissues initiate self-repair responses to babesiosis-induced tissue damage to restore heart function. Methods To discover the molecular mechanisms of the damage and self-repair in the heart after B. microti infection in mice, we investigated the changes in protein expression and phosphorylation modification levels in heart tissues at 0, 5, 8, 11, and 19 days post-infection using data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics. Results The numbers of global proteins we identified were 1934, 1966, 1984, 1989, and 1955 and of phosphopeptides were 5118, 5133, 5130, 5133, and 5140 at 0, 5, 8, 11, and 19 days, respectively, in heart cells after infection with B. microti. The results showed that after B. microti infection the differentially expressed proteins in mice mainly include fibrinogen α (Fgα), fibrinogen β (Fgβ), Serpina1b, Serpina1c, cathepsin Z, cytochrome c oxidases (COXs), RPS11, and RPS20. The proteins with phosphorylation changes mainly include 20-kDa light chain of myosin II (MLC20), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), and Akt1. These proteins were mainly involved in coagulation processes, cell apoptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ribosomes. Conclusions The coagulation cascade-related proteins, apoptosis-related proteins, oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins, and other types of proteins are all involved in the damage and self-repair process in the heart after B. microti infection. These results offer a wealth of new targets for further exploration into the causes of heart disease induced by Babesia infection and are of great significance for novel drug development and new opportunities for targeted therapies. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05233-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ningmei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuguang Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuhong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Instrumental Analysis Center, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Aimeng Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lihui Cao
- Animal Disease Control Center of Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Mikacenic C, Bhatraju P, Robinson-Cohen C, Kosamo S, Fohner AE, Dmyterko V, Long SA, Cerosaletti K, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Walley KR, Russell JA, Christie JD, Meyer NJ, Christiani DC, Wurfel MM. Single Nucleotide Variant in FAS Associates With Organ Failure and Soluble Fas Cell Surface Death Receptor in Critical Illness. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:e284-e293. [PMID: 34593707 PMCID: PMC8863632 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple organ failure in critically ill patients is associated with poor prognosis, but biomarkers contributory to pathogenesis are unknown. Previous studies support a role for Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas)-mediated apoptosis in organ dysfunction. Our objectives were to test for associations between soluble Fas and multiple organ failure, identify protein quantitative trait loci, and determine associations between genetic variants and multiple organ failure. DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING Four academic ICUs at U.S. hospitals. PATIENTS Genetic analyses were completed in a discovery (n = 1,589) and validation set (n = 863). Fas gene expression and flow cytometry studies were completed in outpatient research participants (n = 250). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In discovery and validation sets of critically ill patients, we tested for associations between enrollment plasma soluble Fas concentrations and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on day 3. We conducted a genome-wide association study of plasma soluble Fas (discovery n = 1,042) and carried forward a single nucleotide variant in the FAS gene, rs982764, for validation (n = 863). We further tested whether the single nucleotide variant in FAS (rs982764) was associated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, FAS transcriptional isoforms, and Fas cell surface expression. Higher plasma soluble Fas was associated with higher day 3 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in both the discovery (β = 4.07; p < 0.001) and validation (β = 6.96; p < 0.001) sets. A single nucleotide variant in FAS (rs982764G) was associated with lower plasma soluble Fas concentrations and lower day 3 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in meta-analysis (-0.21; p = 0.02). Single nucleotide variant rs982764G was also associated with a lower relative expression of the transcript for soluble as opposed to transmembrane Fas and higher cell surface expression of Fas on CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS We found that single nucleotide variant rs982764G was associated with lower plasma soluble Fas concentrations in a discovery and validation population, and single nucleotide variant rs982764G was also associated with lower organ dysfunction on day 3. These findings support further study of the Fas pathway as a potential mediator of organ dysfunction in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavan Bhatraju
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Susanna Kosamo
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alison E. Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Victoria Dmyterko
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA
| | - Keith R. Walley
- St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - James A. Russell
- St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Jason D. Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nuala J. Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Harvard University School of Public Health and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark M. Wurfel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Tian Y, Shu R, Lei Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Luo H. Somatostatin attenuates intestinal epithelial barrier injury during acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion through Tollip/Myeloiddifferentiationfactor 88/Nuclear factor kappa-B signaling. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5005-5020. [PMID: 35164650 PMCID: PMC8973595 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2038450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of ischemia-reperfusion injury, intestinal ischemia and inflammation interweave, leading to tissue damage or necrosis. However, oxygen radicals and inflammatory mediators produced after reperfusion cause tissue damage again, resulting in severe intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of somatostatin on intestinal epithelial barrier function during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and explore its mechanism. By establishing a rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model, pretreating the rats with somatostatin, and then detecting the histopathological changes, intestinal permeability and expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal tissues, the protective effect of somatostatin on the intestinal epithelial barrier was measured in vivo. The mechanism was determined in interferon γ (IFN-γ)-treated Caco-2 cells in vitro. The results showed that somatostatin could ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and protect Caco-2 cells against IFN-γ-induced decreases in tight junction protein expression and increases in monolayer cell permeability. The expression of Tollip was upregulated by somatostatin both in ischemia-reperfusion rats and IFN-γ-treated Caco-2 cells, while the activation of TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling was inhibited by somatostatin. Tollip inhibition reversed the protective effect of somatostatin on the intestinal epithelial barrier. In conclusion, somatostatin could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury by inhibiting the activation of TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling through upregulation of Tollip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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11
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Morphometric Analysis of Rat Prostate Development: Roles of MEK/ERK and Rho Signaling Pathways in Prostatic Morphogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121829. [PMID: 34944473 PMCID: PMC8698940 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying prostate development can provide clues for prostate cancer research. It has been demonstrated that MEK/ERK signaling downstream of androgen-targeted FGF10 signaling directly induces prostatic branching during development, while Rho/Rho-kinase can regulate prostate cell proliferation. MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase regulate myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and MLCK regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC-P), which is critical for cell fate, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the roles and crosstalk of the MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathways in prostatic morphogenesis have not been examined. In the present study, we used numerical and image analysis to characterize lobe-specific rat prostatic branching during postnatal organ culture and investigated the roles of FGF10-MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathways in prostatic morphogenesis. Prostates exhibited distinctive lobe-specific growth and branching patterns in the ventral (VP) and lateral (LP) lobes, while exogenous FGF10 treatment shifted LP branching towards a VP branching pattern. Treatment with inhibitors of MEK1/2, Rho, Rho kinase, or MLCK significantly inhibited VP growth and blocked branching morphogenesis, further supporting critical roles for MEK/ERK and Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathways in prostatic growth and branching during development. We propose that MLCK-regulated MLC-P may be a central downstream target of both signaling pathways in regulating prostate morphogenesis.
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12
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El-Sisi MG, Radwan SM, Saeed AM, El-Mesallamy HO. Serum levels of FAK and some of its effectors in adult AML: correlation with prognostic factors and survival. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1949-1963. [PMID: 33507464 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), human myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1), ephrin receptor type A4 (EphA4), proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase Src (Src), and protein kinase C (PKC) are important markers in proliferation, survival, and migration in some cancers. However, the significance of each is still unclear in different malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate their serum levels in Egyptian adult de novo AML patients (n = 70) against healthy volunteers (n = 20). We managed to study the correlation between each pair and to investigate their association with diagnosis, prognosis, and survival. Serum levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that FAK, MR-1, Src, and PKC serum levels were significantly higher in AML patients compared to control (p < 0.0001), and this was associated with significantly lower EphA4 level (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, we also observed a significant negative correlation of FAK (p = 0.027), MR-1 (p = 0.003), Src (p = 0.038), and PKC (p = 0.03) with patients' overall survival (OS) while there was a positive significant correlation between EphA4 and OS (p = 0.007). In conclusion, this study suggests that FAK, MR-1, EphA4, Src, and PKC may be used as early diagnostic and prognostic markers with high sensitivity and specificity in AML patients and thus may be incorporated into the patients' early diagnostic and prognostic panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona G El-Sisi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara M Radwan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alia M Saeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology and Oncology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala O El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Sinai, Egypt.
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13
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Machackova T, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Souckova K, Trachtova K, Brchnelova D, Svoboda M, Kiss I, Prochazka V, Kala Z, Slaby O. MiR-215-5p Reduces Liver Metastasis in an Experimental Model of Colorectal Cancer through Regulation of ECM-Receptor Interactions and Focal Adhesion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123518. [PMID: 33255928 PMCID: PMC7760708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Decreased expression of miR-215-5-p was found in tumor tissue of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in comparison to healthy colon tissue. Moreover, expression levels of miR-215-5p were further decreased in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumor tissue. Overall, CRC patients with lower expression of miR-215-5p in tumors had significantly shorter overall survival and a higher chance of metastasis. This study aimed to examine the effects of miR-215-5p supplementation on the metastatic potential of CRC. MiR-215-5p was found to decrease invasiveness, migratory capacity, tumorigenicity, and metastasis formation. Finally, transcriptome analysis identified signaling pathways involved in the process, and subsequent RT-qPCR validation indicates CTNNBIP1 to be a direct target of this microRNA. These results bring new insight into miR-215-5p biology, a molecule that could potentially serve as a promising target for CRC patients’ future therapeutic strategies. Abstract Background: Growing evidence suggests that miR-215-5p is a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its role in metastasis remains unclear. This study evaluates the effects of miR-215 overexpression on the metastatic potential of CRC. Methods: CRC cell lines were stably transfected with miR-215-5p and used for in vitro and in vivo functional analyses. Next-generation sequencing and RT-qPCR were performed to study changes on the mRNA level. Results: Overexpression of miR-215-5p significantly reduced the clonogenic potential, migration, and invasiveness of CRC cells in vitro and tumor weight and volume, and liver metastasis in vivo. Transcriptome analysis revealed mRNAs regulated by miR-215-5p and RT-qPCR confirmed results for seven selected genes. Significantly elevated levels of CTNNBIP1 were also observed in patients’ primary tumors and liver metastases compared to adjacent tissues, indicating its direct regulation by miR-215-5p. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis identified cellular processes and pathways associated with miR-215-5p deregulation. Conclusions: MiR-215-5p suppresses the metastatic potential of CRC cells through the regulation of divergent molecular pathways, including extracellular-matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. Although the specific targets of miR-215-5p contributing to the formation of distant metastases must be further elucidated, this miRNA could serve as a promising target for CRC patients’ future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana Machackova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.M.); (P.V.-F.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.M.); (P.V.-F.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Kamila Souckova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.M.); (P.V.-F.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Karolina Trachtova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.M.); (P.V.-F.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominika Brchnelova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.M.); (P.V.-F.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Igor Kiss
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Vladimir Prochazka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zdenek Kala
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.M.); (P.V.-F.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (D.B.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-496-876
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14
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Luo LJ, Feng F, Li SH, Lu D, Li L, Zhou Q. Sequence variant in the CDC42BPB gene is potentially associated with Mullerian duct anomalies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:684-693. [PMID: 32043305 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Mullerian duct anomalies (MDA) are common female genital tract malformations. Genetic and environmental factors are important causes of MDA in women. Although many genes and mutations have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of MDA, in most cases, the genetic pathogenic factors of MDA are still unknown. METHODS We first analyzed the three sisters using low coverage whole-genome sequencing. Then whole-exome sequencing was carried out in each patient. The identified sequence variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico pathogenicity analysis and conservative analysis of the mutation site were also performed. Protein structural modeling was used to analyze the effect of the mutated amino acid. RESULTS We first analyzed the three sisters with septate uterus using low coverage whole-genome sequencing, but no possible pathogenic copy number variation was found. Then whole-exome sequencing was performed on the three sisters, and a rare homozygous variant, CDC42BPB:c.2012G>A:p.R671Q, was identified. All three patients were found with this variant. Sanger sequencing validated that this variant was segregated within the family. In silico pathogenicity analysis and conservative analysis of the mutation site suggested that the variant might be damaging. Protein structural analysis suggested that R671Q might weaken the electrostatic potential of this region, which may be a significant regulation target or protein interaction surface of CDC42BPB. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that CDC42BPB genetic variant might be potentially associated with the pathogenesis of MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Norton CE, Sinkler SY, Jacobsen NL, Segal SS. Advanced age protects resistance arteries of mouse skeletal muscle from oxidative stress through attenuating apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. J Physiol 2019; 597:3801-3816. [PMID: 31124136 DOI: 10.1113/jp278255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Vascular oxidative stress increases with advancing age. We hypothesized that resistance vessels develop resilience to oxidative stress to protect functional integrity and tested this hypothesis by exposing isolated pressurized superior epigastric arteries (SEAs) of old and young mice to H2 O2 . H2 O2 -induced death was greater in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) than endothelial cells (ECs) and lower in SEAs from old vs. young mice; the rise in vessel wall [Ca2+ ]i induced by H2 O2 was attenuated with ageing, as was the decline in noradrenergic vasoconstriction; genetic deletion of IL-10 mimicked the effects of advanced age on cell survival. Inhibiting NO synthase or scavenging peroxynitrite reduced SMC death; endothelial denudation or inhibiting gap junctions increased SMC death; delocalization of cytochrome C activated caspases 9 and 3 to induce apoptosis. Vascular cells develop resilience to H2 O2 during ageing by preventing Ca2+ overload and endothelial integrity promotes SMC survival. ABSTRACT Advanced age is associated with elevated oxidative stress and can protect the endothelium from cell death induced by H2 O2 . Whether such protection occurs for intact vessels or differs between smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial cell (EC) layers is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ageing protects SMCs and ECs during acute exposure to H2 O2 (200 µm, 50 min). Mouse superior epigastric arteries (SEAs; diameter, ∼150 µm) were isolated and pressurized to 100 cmH2 O at 37˚C. For SEAs from young (4 months) mice, H2 O2 killed 57% of SMCs and 11% of ECs in males vs. 8% and 2%, respectively, in females. Therefore, SEAs from males were studied to resolve the effect of ageing and experimental interventions. For old (24 months) mice, SMC death was reduced to 10% with diminished accumulation of [Ca2+ ]i in the vessel wall during H2 O2 exposure. In young mice, genetic deletion of IL-10 mimicked the protective effect of ageing on cell death and [Ca2+ ]i accumulation. Whereas endothelial denudation or gap junction inhibition (carbenoxolone; 100 µm) increased SMC death, inhibiting NO synthase (l-NAME, 100 µm) or scavenging peroxynitrite (FeTPPS, 5 µm) reduced SMC death along with [Ca2+ ]i . Despite NO toxicity via peroxynitrite formation, endothelial integrity protects SMCs. Caspase inhibition (Z-VAD-FMK, 50 µm) attenuated cell death with immunostaining for annexin V, cytochrome C, and caspases 3 and 9 pointing to induction of intrinsic apoptosis during H2 O2 exposure. We conclude that advanced age reduces Ca2+ influx that triggers apoptosis, thereby promoting resilience of the vascular wall during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Shenghua Y Sinkler
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Nicole L Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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16
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Blebbistatin modulates prostatic cell growth and contrapctility through myosin II signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2189-2205. [PMID: 30279228 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of blebbistatin (BLEB, a selective myosin inhibitor) on regulating contractility and growth of prostate cells and to provide insight into possible mechanisms associated with these actions. BLEB was incubated with cell lines of BPH-1 and WPMY-1, and intraprostatically injected into rats. Cell growth was determined by flow cytometry, and in vitro organ bath studies were performed to explore muscle contractility. Smooth muscle (SM) myosin isoform (SM1/2, SM-A/B, and LC17a/b) expression was determined via competitive reverse transcriptase PCR. SM myosin heavy chain (MHC), non-muscle (NM) MHC isoforms (NMMHC-A and NMMHC-B), and proteins related to cell apoptosis were further analyzed via Western blotting. Masson's trichrome staining was applied to tissue sections. BLEB could dose-dependently trigger apoptosis and retard the growth of BPH-1 and WPMY-1. Consistent with in vitro effect, administration of BLEB to the prostate could decrease rat prostatic epithelial and SM cells via increased apoptosis. Western blotting confirmed the effects of BLEB on inducing apoptosis through a mechanism involving MLC20 dephosphorylation with down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of BAX and cleaved caspase 3. Meanwhile, NMMHC-A and NMMHC-B, the downstream proteins of MLC20, were found significantly attenuated in BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells, as well as rat prostate tissues. Additionally, BLEB decreased SM cell number and SM MHC expression, along with attenuated phenylephrine-induced contraction and altered prostate SMM isoform composition with up-regulation of SM-B and down-regulation of LC17a, favoring a faster contraction. Our novel data demonstrate BLEB regulated myosin expression and functional activity. The mechanism involved MLC20 dephosphorylation and altered SMM isoform composition.
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17
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Li YR, Yang WX. Myosins as fundamental components during tumorigenesis: diverse and indispensable. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46785-46812. [PMID: 27121062 PMCID: PMC5216836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a kind of actin-based motor protein. As the crucial functions of myosin during tumorigenesis have become increasingly apparent, the profile of myosin in the field of cancer research has also been growing. Eighteen distinct classes of myosins have been discovered in the past twenty years and constitute a diverse superfamily. Various myosins share similar structures. They all convert energy from ATP hydrolysis to exert mechanical stress upon interactions with microfilaments. Ongoing research is increasingly suggesting that at least seven kinds of myosins participate in the formation and development of cancer. Myosins play essential roles in cytokinesis failure, chromosomal and centrosomal amplification, multipolar spindle formation and DNA microsatellite instability. These are all prerequisites of tumor formation. Subsequently, myosins activate various processes of tumor invasion and metastasis development including cell migration, adhesion, protrusion formation, loss of cell polarity and suppression of apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of myosins during tumorigenesis and discuss the factors and mechanisms which may regulate myosins in tumor progression. Furthermore, we put forward a completely new concept of “chromomyosin” to demonstrate the pivotal functions of myosins during karyokinesis and how this acts to optimize the functions of the members of the myosin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Chen Y, Xiao S, Gong Z, Zhu X, Yang Q, Li Y, Gao S, Dong Y, Shi Z, Wang Y, Weng X, Li Q, Cai W, Qiang W. Wuji Wan Formula Ameliorates Diarrhea and Disordered Colonic Motility in Post-inflammation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2307. [PMID: 29218037 PMCID: PMC5703868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota contribute to the treatment of post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Our previous studies have demonstrated that a Chinese formula, Wuji Wan, has the ability to mitigate abdominal pain and diarrhea in PI-IBS rats. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and whether the gut microbiota mediate the effect of Wuji Wan on PI-IBS. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether Wuji Wan mitigated PI-IBS by modifying the gut microbiota. PI-IBS was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by enema using 4% acetic acid and restraint stress. Rats were fed water, Wuji Wan extract (630 mg/kg) or pinaverium bromide (13.5 mg/kg). Our data showed that Wuji Wan effectively ameliorated abdominal pain, colonic motility abnormality and visceral hypersensitivity. Analysis of the fecal microbiota showed that Wuji Wan could reverse the reduction in richness of the gut microbiota and significantly increase the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Parasutterella; however, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were markedly decreased in the PI-IBS rats. Moreover, Wuji Wan promoted goblet cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa by increasing the release of mucin, up-regulating the distribution of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 and down-regulating the expression of MLCK in colonic epithelial cells. These findings suggest that Wuji Wan may remit IBS by modulating the gut microbiota and stabilizing the gut mucosal barrier, indicating that the use of a classical formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that exhibits a prebiotic effect may be a promising strategy for PI-IBS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuiming Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics in Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Qiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Yu H, Chakravorty S, Song W, Ferenczi MA. Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin in striated muscle: methodological perspectives. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:779-805. [PMID: 27084718 PMCID: PMC5101276 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin modulates cellular functions such as muscle contraction, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Phosphorylation defects are implicated in a number of diseases. Here we focus on striated muscle where changes in RLC phosphorylation relate to diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy, or age-related changes. RLC phosphorylation in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells are covered briefly where relevant. There is much scientific interest in controlling the phosphorylation levels of RLC in vivo and in vitro in order to understand its physiological function in striated muscles. A summary of available and emerging in vivo and in vitro methods is presented. The physiological role of RLC phosphorylation and novel pathways are discussed to highlight the differences between muscle types and to gain insights into disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Samya Chakravorty
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Weihua Song
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Michael A Ferenczi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, Level 3, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
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20
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Kim DY, Helfman DM. Loss of MLCK leads to disruption of cell-cell adhesion and invasive behavior of breast epithelial cells via increased expression of EGFR and ERK/JNK signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4495-508. [PMID: 26876209 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression is downregulated in breast cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma compared with ductal breast carcinoma in situ and metastatic breast tumors. However, little is known about how loss of MLCK expression contributes to tumor progression. MLCK is a component of the actin cytoskeleton and its known role is the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin II. To gain insights into the role of MLCK in breast cancer, we perturbed its function using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition in untransformed breast epithelial cells (MCF10A). Loss of MLCK by siRNAs led to increased cell migration and invasion, disruption of cell-cell adhesions and enhanced formation of focal adhesions at the leading edge of migratory cells. In addition, downregulation of MLCK cooperated with HER2 in MCF10A cells to promote cell migration and invasion and low levels of MLCK is associated with a poor prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Associated with these altered migratory behaviors were increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways in MLCK downregulated MCF10A cells. By contrast, inhibition of the kinase function of MLCK using pharmacological agents inhibited cell migration and invasion, and did not affect cellular adhesions. Our results show that loss of MLCK contributes to the migratory properties of epithelial cells resulting from changes in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, and increased epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. These findings suggest that decreased expression of MLCK may have a critical role during tumor progression by facilitating the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - D M Helfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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21
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Wang C, Xiang H, Si H, Guo D, Sun M. High expression of myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 predicts poor prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14818-14823. [PMID: 26823810 PMCID: PMC4713596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myofibrillogenesis regulator (MR-1) is overexpressed in human cancer cells and plays an essential role in cancer cell growth. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of MR-1 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in patients with HCC. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect MR-1 mRNA levels in tissues samples from 120 HCC patients. Results showed that MR-1 expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues when compared with matched adjacent normal tissues (P=0.004). In HCC cancerous tissues, it was also significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.024) and serum AFP level (P=0.003). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HCC patients with high MR-1 expression had shorter overall survival time than those with low MR-1 expression (P=0.009). When analyzed with a multivariate Cox regression model, MR-1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Furthermore, when combined with serum AFP level, the median survival time significantly differed between patients with baseline high serum AFP and high MR-1 expression levels and those with normal AFP and low MR-1 levels (P=0.007). Taken together, our results suggest that high expression of MR-1 is involved in HCC progression and could be a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Wang
- Department of Surgery and Infections Diseases, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Department of Surgery and Infections Diseases, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital Beijing 100142, China
| | - Huiyuan Si
- Department of Surgery and Infections Diseases, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Surgery and Infections Diseases, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital Beijing 100142, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Surgery and Infections Diseases, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital Beijing 100142, China
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22
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Zhou Y, Zhang S, Deng S, Dai C, Tang S, Yang X, Li D, Zhao K, Xiao X. ML-7 amplifies the quinocetone-induced cell death through akt and MAPK-mediated apoptosis on HepG2 cell line. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 26:11-21. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1090513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Zhou Y, Wei L, Zhang H, Dai Q, Li Z, Yu B, Guo Q, Lu N. FV-429 Induced Apoptosis Through ROS-Mediated ERK2 Nuclear Translocation and p53 Activation in Gastric Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1624-37. [PMID: 25650185 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Following our previous finding which revealed that FV-429 induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, in this study, we found that FV-429 could also induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Firstly, FV-429 inhibited the viability of BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells with IC50 values in the range of 38.10 ± 6.28 and 31.53 ± 6.84 µM for 24 h treatment by MTT-assay. Secondly, FV-429 induced apoptosis in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells through the mitochondrial-mediated pathway, showing an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, and caspase-9 activation, without change in caspase-8. Further research revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular regulated kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, could be activated by FV-429-induced high level ROS. Moreover, FV-429 also promoted the ERK2 nuclear translocation, resulting in the co-translocation of p53 to the nucleus and increased transcription of p53-regulated proapoptotic genes. FV-429 significantly inhibited the nude mice xenograft tumors growth of BGC-823 or MGC-803 cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qinsheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, JiangSu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
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24
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Hirata H, Sokabe M. A novel role of actomyosin bundles in ERK signaling. Commun Integr Biol 2015; 8:e1017176. [PMID: 26479219 PMCID: PMC4594555 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2015.1017176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular mechanical environments have a significant impact on survival and proliferation of cells. While the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily of MAP kinases plays critical roles in regulations of these cellular behaviors, activation of ERK is affected by mechanical conditions of cells. We have recently found that ERK is activated on contractile actomyosin bundles. ERK activation on actomyosin bundles depends on tension in the bundles, which is generated by either myosin II activity of external forces. In this Addendum, we discuss a novel, potential role of actomyosin bundles in ERK signaling and mechanical regulation of cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hirata
- Mechanobiology Institute; National University of Singapore ; Singapore
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Institute; National University of Singapore ; Singapore ; Mechanobiology Laboratory; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine ; Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Vorobjev I, Barteneva NS. Temporal Heterogeneity Metrics in Apoptosis Induced by Anticancer Drugs. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:494-510. [PMID: 25838469 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415583534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic process is highly heterogeneous and asynchronous. A long-standing question is how many parameters define the time and reversibility of the apoptotic response at a single-cell level. We characterized at the single-cell and population levels the time sequence of apoptotic events in response to anti-cancer drugs using extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic stimuli. We show that the temporal sequence of major apoptotic events is the same in response to all anti-cancer drugs studied: the apoptotic volume decrease and Na+ influx occur rapidly and are tightly coordinated with mitochondrial outer membrane depolarization (MOMP), mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization and a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phosphatidylserine externalization usually starts after MOMP and precedes caspase 3/7 activation. Activation of caspases 3/7 is a slow process that always starts after MOMP, with significant delay. Cell-to-cell variability of the MOMP onset is described by Gaussian distribution, whereas the γ-distribution model describes cellular variability in the duration of MOMP-to-caspase activation stages. Cells from the pre-MOMP stage to the after-caspase 3/7 activation stage coexist for many hours. We demonstrated by FACS that cells in the pre-MOMP stage can recover after apoptotic stimuli, rarely recover after MOMP but before caspase 3/7 activation, and are unable to recover after caspase 3/7 activation. We propose a double-stroke model for apoptosis execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vorobjev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (IV)
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (NSB)
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26
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Leonard A, Paton AW, El-Quadi M, Paton JC, Fazal F. Preconditioning with endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorates endothelial cell inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110949. [PMID: 25356743 PMCID: PMC4214695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, caused by disturbance in ER homeostasis, has been implicated in several pathological conditions such as ischemic injury, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases and more recently in inflammatory conditions. Our present study aims at understanding the role of ER stress in endothelial cell (EC) inflammation, a critical event in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). We found that preconditioning human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) to ER stress either by depleting ER chaperone and signaling regulator BiP using siRNA, or specifically cleaving (inactivating) BiP using subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), alleviates EC inflammation. The two approaches adopted to abrogate BiP function induced ATF4 protein expression and the phosphorylation of eIF2α, both markers of ER stress, which in turn resulted in blunting the activation of NF-κB, and restoring endothelial barrier integrity. Pretreatment of HPAEC with BiP siRNA inhibited thrombin-induced IκBα degradation and its resulting downstream signaling pathway involving NF-κB nuclear translocation, DNA binding, phosphorylation at serine536, transcriptional activation and subsequent expression of adhesion molecules. However, TNFα-mediated NF-κB signaling was unaffected upon BiP knockdown. In an alternative approach, SubAB-mediated inactivation of NF-κB was independent of IκBα degradation. Mechanistic analysis revealed that pretreatment of EC with SubAB interfered with the binding of the liberated NF-κB to the DNA, thereby resulting in reduced expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines. In addition, both knockdown and inactivation of BiP stimulated actin cytoskeletal reorganization resulting in restoration of endothelial permeability. Together our studies indicate that BiP plays a central role in EC inflammation and injury via its action on NF-κB activation and regulation of vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Monaliza El-Quadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Swa HLF, Shaik AA, Lim LHK, Gunaratne J. Mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics and integrative network analysis accentuates modulating roles of annexin-1 in mammary tumorigenesis. Proteomics 2014; 15:408-18. [PMID: 25124533 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Annexin-1 (ANXA1) is known to be involved in important cellular processes and implicated in cancer. Our previous study showed its roles in cell migration and DNA-damage response processes in breast cancer initiation. In order to understand its roles in tumorigenesis, we extended our studies to analyze tumors derived from polyomavirus middle T-antigen ANXA1 heterozygous (ANXA1(+/-) ) and ANXA1 null (ANXA1(-/-) ) mice. We performed quantitative comparison of ANXA1(+/-) and ANXA1(-/-) tumors employing reductive dimethyl labeling quantitative proteomics. We observed 253 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with high statistical significance among over 5000 quantified proteins. Combinatorial use of pathway and network-based computational analyses of the DEPs revealed that ANXA1 primarily modulates processes related to cytoskeletal remodeling and immune responses in these mammary tumors. Of particular note, ANXA1(-/-) tumor showed reduced expression of a known epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker vimentin, as well as myosin light-chain kinase, which has been reported to induce Rho-kinase mediated assembly of stress fibers known to be implicated in EMT. Integrative network analysis of established interactome of ANXA1 alongside with DEPs further highlights the involvement of ANXA1 in EMT. Functional role of ANXA1 in tumorigenesis was established in invasion assay where knocking down ANXA1 in murine mammary tumor cell line 168FARN showed lower invasive capability. Altogether, this study emphasizes that ANXA1 plays modulating roles contributing to invasion-metastasis in mammary tumorigenesis, distinctive to its roles in cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L F Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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28
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in pancreatic tissue of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats.
METHODS: Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly and equally assigned into a normal control group (C) and a SAP group (S). SAP was reproduced in rats of group S by retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct, while group C underwent a sham operation. The rats were killed at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after SAP induction. Serum amylase (AMY) was measured dynamically. The gross and pathological changes in the pancreas were observed under a light microscope. The ultrastructure and tight junction (TJ) changes in the pancreas were observed with an electron microscope. The localization and expression of MLCK in pancreatic tissue were investigated by immunohistochemical method. The concentration of serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was determined by ELISA.
RESULTS: Compared to group C, the AMY concentration and pancreatic pathology score were significantly higher (P < 0.05); pancreatic ultrastructure damage was more obvious and TJ widened significantly; MLCK was positively expressed in the cytoplasm of cells in the pancreas, and the mean density was elevated more significantly (P < 0.05); and serum TNF-α concentration significantly increased in group S (P < 0.05). The mean density of MLCK in the pancreas was positively correlated with pathological score and serum TNF-α concentration (r = 0.804, 0.796, P < 0.05 for both).
CONCLUSION: Up-regulated expression of MLCK protein in the pancreas and elevated serum TNF-α concentration may regulate the integrity of intercellular tight junctions, which may be associated with the severity of SAP and play a role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.
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29
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Spans L, Helsen C, Clinckemalie L, Van den Broeck T, Prekovic S, Joniau S, Lerut E, Claessens F. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of LNCaP and C4-2B prostate cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90002. [PMID: 24587179 PMCID: PMC3938550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The LNCaP and C4-2B cell lines form an excellent preclinical model to study the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, since C4-2B cells were derived from a bone metastasis that grew in nude mice after inoculation with the LNCaP-derived, castration-resistant C4-2 cells. Exome sequencing detected 2188 and 3840 mutations in LNCaP and C4-2B cells, respectively, of which 1784 were found in both cell lines. Surprisingly, the parental LNCaP cells have over 400 mutations that were not found in the C4-2B genome. More than half of the mutations found in the exomes were confirmed by analyzing the RNA-seq data, and we observed that the expressed genes are more prone to mutations than non-expressed genes. The transcriptomes also revealed that 457 genes show increased expression and 246 genes show decreased expression in C4-2B compared to LNCaP cells. By combining the list of C4-2B-specific mutations with the list of differentially expressed genes, we detected important changes in the focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. Integration of these pathways converges on the myosin light chain kinase gene (MLCK) which might contribute to the metastatic potential of C4-2B cells. In conclusion, we provide extensive databases for mutated genes and differentially expressed genes in the LNCaP and C4-2B prostate cancer cell lines. These can be useful for other researchers using these cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Spans
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Clinckemalie
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Lerut
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Tumor stiffness is unrelated to myosin light chain phosphorylation in cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79776. [PMID: 24224004 PMCID: PMC3817105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tumors are stiffer than their surrounding tissue. This increase in stiffness has been attributed, in part, to a Rho-dependent elevation of myosin II light chain phosphorylation. To characterize this mechanism further, we studied myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), the main enzyme that phosphorylates myosin II light chains. We anticipated that increases in MLCK expression and activity would contribute to the increased stiffness of cancer cells. However, we find that MLCK mRNA and protein levels are substantially less in cancer cells and tissues than in normal cells. Consistent with this observation, cancer cells contract 3D collagen matrices much more slowly than normal cells. Interestingly, inhibiting MLCK or Rho kinase did not affect the 3D gel contractions while blebbistatin partially and cytochalasin D maximally inhibited contractions. Live cell imaging of cells in collagen gels showed that cytochalasin D inhibited filopodia-like projections that formed between cells while a MLCK inhibitor had no effect on these projections. These data suggest that myosin II phosphorylation is dispensable in regulating the mechanical properties of tumors.
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31
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Inactive ERBB receptors cooperate with reactive oxygen species to suppress cancer progression. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1996-2007. [PMID: 24081029 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERBB receptors are a family of heterodimerization partners capable of driving transformation and metastasis. While the therapeutic targeting of single receptors has proven efficacious, optimal targeting of this receptor family should target all oncogenic members simultaneously. The juxtamembrane domains of ERBB1, ERBB2, and ERBB3 are highly conserved and control various aspects of ERBB-dependent biology. In an effort to block those functions, we have targeted this domain with decoy peptides synthesized in tandem with a cell-penetrating peptide, termed EJ1. Treatment with EJ1 induces cell death, promotes the formation of inactive ERBB multimers, and results in simultaneous reduction of ERBB1, ERBB2, and ERBB3 activation. Treatment also results in the activation of myosin light chain-dependent cell blebbing while inactivating CaMKII signaling, coincident with the induction of cell death. EJ1 also directly translocates to mitochondria, correlating with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, treatment of a mouse model of breast cancer with EJ1 results in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis without associated toxicities in normal cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that a portion of the ERBB jxm domain, when used as an intracellular decoy, can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, representing a novel anticancer therapeutic.
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Leonard A, Marando C, Rahman A, Fazal F. Thrombin selectively engages LIM kinase 1 and slingshot-1L phosphatase to regulate NF-κB activation and endothelial cell inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L651-64. [PMID: 24039253 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00071.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) inflammation is a central event in the pathogenesis of many pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury and its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome. Alterations in actin cytoskeleton are shown to be crucial for NF-κB regulation and EC inflammation. Previously, we have described a role of actin binding protein cofilin in mediating cytoskeletal alterations essential for NF-κB activation and EC inflammation. The present study describes a dynamic mechanism in which LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), a cofilin kinase, and slingshot-1Long (SSH-1L), a cofilin phosphatase, are engaged by procoagulant and proinflammatory mediator thrombin to regulate these responses. Our data show that knockdown of LIMK1 destabilizes whereas knockdown of SSH-1L stabilizes the actin filaments through modulation of cofilin phosphorylation; however, in either case thrombin-induced NF-κB activity and expression of its target genes (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) is inhibited. Further mechanistic analyses reveal that knockdown of LIMK1 or SSH-1L each attenuates nuclear translocation and thereby DNA binding of RelA/p65. In addition, LIMK1 or SSH-1L depletion inhibited RelA/p65 phosphorylation at Ser(536), a critical event conferring transcriptional competency to the bound NF-κB. However, unlike SSH-1L, LIMK1 knockdown also impairs the release of RelA/p65 by blocking IKKβ-dependent phosphorylation/degradation of IκBα. Interestingly, LIMK1 or SSH-1L depletion failed to inhibit TNF-α-induced RelA/p65 nuclear translocation and proinflammatory gene expression. Thus this study provides evidence for a novel role of LIMK1 and SSH-1L in selectively regulating EC inflammation associated with intravascular coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Leonard
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, Univ. of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Ave./Box 850, Rochester, NY.
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Regulation of cytoskeleton organization by sphingosine in a mouse cell model of progressive ovarian cancer. Biomolecules 2013; 3:386-407. [PMID: 24970173 PMCID: PMC4030958 DOI: 10.3390/biom3030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a multigenic disease and molecular events driving ovarian cancer progression are not well established. We have previously reported the dysregulation of the cytoskeleton during ovarian cancer progression in a syngeneic mouse cell model for progressive ovarian cancer. In the present studies, we investigated if the cytoskeleton organization is a potential target for chemopreventive treatment with the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine. Long-term treatment with non-toxic concentrations of sphingosine but not other sphingolipid metabolites led to a partial reversal of a cytoskeleton architecture commonly associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes towards an organization reminiscent of non-malignant cell phenotypes. This was evident by increased F-actin polymerization and organization, a reduced focal adhesion kinase expression, increased α-actinin and vinculin levels which together led to the assembly of more mature focal adhesions. Downstream focal adhesion signaling, the suppression of myosin light chain kinase expression and hypophosphorylation of its targets were observed after treatment with sphingosine. These results suggest that sphingosine modulate the assembly of actin stress fibers via regulation of focal adhesions and myosin light chain kinase. The impact of these events on suppression of ovarian cancer by exogenous sphingosine and their potential as molecular markers for treatment efficacy warrants further investigation.
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Zhou Y, Lu N, Zhang H, Wei L, Tao L, Dai Q, Zhao L, Lin B, Ding Q, Guo Q. HQS-3, a newly synthesized flavonoid, possesses potent anti-tumor effect in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:649-58. [PMID: 23619285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HQS-3 is a newly baicalein derivative with a benzene substitution. We investigated the anticancer effect of HQS-3 in vivo and in vitro. HQS-3 significantly decreased tumor growth in mice inoculated with Heps and HepG2 cells; and had little influence on the state and weight of animals. After treatment with 20 mg/kg HQS-3, the inhibitory rate of tumor weight in mice inoculated with Heps and HepG2 cells were 63.62% and 68.03%, respectively. Meanwhile, HQS-3 inhibited the viability of various kinds of tumor cells with IC50 values in the range of 22.98-54.32 μM after 48 h treatment measured by MTT-assay. HQS-3 remarkably inhibited viability of hepatoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells by DAPI staining and Annexin V/PI double staining. The apoptosis-induction effect of HQS-3 was attributed to its ability to modulate the activity of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP. Moreover, the expression of bax protein was increased while the bcl-2 protein was decreased, leading to an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The accumulation of ROS induced by HQS-3 in HepG2 cells was also observed. The further results suggested that HQS-3 induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by increasing ROS level and inhibiting the expression of anti-oxidative protein SOD2. HQS-3 exerted anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo via inducing tumor cells apoptosis, and these results suggested that it deserves further investigation as a novel chemotherapy for human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Kuo CY, Chou TY, Chen CM, Tsai YF, Hwang GY, Hwang TL. Hepatitis B virus X protein disrupts stress fiber formation and triggers apoptosis. Virus Res 2013; 175:20-9. [PMID: 23591626 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins are key participants in the cellular progression to apoptosis. In a previous study we injected nude mice with CCL13-HBx cells and identified in contrast to non-HBx transfected cells a differentially phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC) by two-dimensional PAGE and mass spectrometry of the tumor material. To investigate the role of HBx in myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathways, we analyzed the key molecules, p-MLC and MLCK, by western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that HBx disrupted stress fiber formation and that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) were regulated by HBx-mediated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). We also used pharmacological inhibitors to explore the correlation between cytoskeletal rearrangements and HBx-mediated cell apoptosis via an MLCK and a PTEN-dependent pathway. The results showed that both ML9 and bvp restored the effects caused by HBx induction. Our findings suggest that HBx disrupts stress fiber formation and triggers apoptosis via an MLCK and a PTEN-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Resveratrol down-regulates Myosin light chain kinase, induces apoptosis and inhibits diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1940-51. [PMID: 23344064 PMCID: PMC3565357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious healthcare problem worldwide because of its increasing morbidity and high mortality rates. However, our understanding of the mechanism of liver tumorigenesis remains incomplete. We report the expression of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in the livers of rats with diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC and investigated the correlation between MLCK and liver tumorigenesis by observing the expression of MLCK in a rat model of HCC. HCC was induced in rats by an intraperitoneal injection of DENA, and resveratrol-treated rats were orally administered resveratrol with 50 mg/kg body weight/day. The livers of rats were excised after 20 weeks and immersed in 10% formaldehyde prior to immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses for determining the level of MLCK expression. These analyses indicated that the MLCK expression was higher in the livers of HCC rats than in normal and resveratrol-treated rats. High level of MLCK expression was responsible for proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects. However, resveratrol down-regulated the expression of MLCK, which induced cell apoptosis and inhibited liver tumorigenesis in rats with DENA-induced HCC. Our results suggest that the over expression of MLCK may be related to the development of liver tumorigenesis.
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Sendeski MM, Persson AB, Liu ZZ, Busch JF, Weikert S, Persson PB, Hippenstiel S, Patzak A. Iodinated contrast media cause endothelial damage leading to vasoconstriction of human and rat vasa recta. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1592-8. [PMID: 23077094 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00471.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury is an important clinical event with a worldwide increasing number of cases. Medullary hypoperfusion and hypoxia due to constriction of vasa recta are main factors in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. However, the mechanism of contrast media (CM)-induced vessel constriction is not known. We tested the hypothesis that vasa recta constriction is a consequence of endothelial dysfunction due to the cytotoxicity of CM. Human and rat descending vasa recta (DVR) were isolated and perfused with CM, and the luminal diameter was analyzed. For morphological analysis of the endothelium, renal arteries were CM perfused and then processed for electron microscopy. Transcellular electrical resistance was used to estimate CM-induced changes in the permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) layers. Perfusion with CM constricted human and rat DRV (to 54.3 and 50.9% of initial diameter, respectively). This was blunted by adrenomedullin (77.7 and 77.1%, respectively). The ANG II response was enhanced by CM in rat DVR (reduction to 15.6 and 35.0% of initial diameter, respectively). Adrenomedullin blunted this effect (67.5%). CM led to endothelial damage of renal arteries characterized by a ragged surface, with sharply protruding intimal folds, spindle-like shape, and bulging in the lumen. These phenomena were reduced by adrenomedullin. The permeability of HUVEC cell layers was increased by CM, and this went along with increased myosin light chain phosporylation. Again, adremonedullin reduced the CM effect. Our study suggests that the constrictor effect of CM on the renal medullary microvasculature is a consequence of endothelial cell damage and the resulting endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio M Sendeski
- Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie, Charite Universitaetzsmedizin-Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Guo J, Dong B, Ji JF, Wu AW. Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5434-41. [PMID: 23082061 PMCID: PMC3471113 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1) in relation to clinicopathological parameters and postoperative survival in a group of Chinese patients with gastric cancer.
METHODS: In our previous study of human whole-genome gene expression profiling, the differentially expressed genes were detected in the gastric cancer and its adjacent noncancerous mucosa. We found that MR-1 was associated with the location and differentiation of tumors. In this study, MR-1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in specimens of primary cancer and the adjacent noncancerous tissues from gastric cancer patients. A set of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays based on the Universal ProbeLibrary-a collection of 165 presynthesized, fluorescence-labeled locked nucleic acid hydrolysis probes-was designed specifically to detect the expression of MR-1 mRNA. The correlation was analyzed between the expression of MR-1 and other tumor characteristics which may influence the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. A retrospective cohort study on the prognosis was carried out and clinical data were collected from medical records.
RESULTS: MR-1 mRNA and protein could be detected in gastric cancer tissues as well as in matched noncancerous tissues. MR-1 was up-regulated at both mRNA (5.459 ± 0.639 vs 1.233 ± 0.238, P < 0.001) and protein levels (34.2% vs 13.2%, P = 0.003) in gastric cancer tissues. Correlation analysis demonstrated that high expression of MR-1 in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.034). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the postoperative survival of the MR-1 positive group tended to be poorer than that of the MR-1 negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Among all the patients with stage I-IV carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates of MR-1 positive and negative groups were 50.40% and 12.70%, respectively, with respective median survival times of 64.27 mo (95%CI: 13.41-115.13) and 16.77 mo (95%CI: 8.80-24.74). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the impact of MR-1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters on prognosis. In a univariate analysis on all 70 specimens, 6 factors were found to be significantly associated with the overall survival statistically: including MR-1 expression, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and the tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage based on the 7th edition of the International Union against Cancer TNM classification. To avoid the influence caused by univariate analysis, the expressions of MR-1 as well as other parameters were examined in multivariate Cox analysis. Clinicopathological variables that might affect the prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed by Cox regression analysis, which showed that MR-1 expression and TNM stage were independent predictors of postoperative survival. The best mathematical multivariate Cox regression model consisted of two factors: MR-1 expression and TNM stage. Our results indicated that MR-1 protein could act as an independent marker for patient overall survival [Hazard ratio (HR): 2.215, P = 0.043].
CONCLUSION: MR-1 is an important variable that can be used to evaluate the outcome, prognosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer patients.
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Park YM, Drazba JA, Vasanji A, Egelhoff T, Febbraio M, Silverstein RL. Oxidized LDL/CD36 interaction induces loss of cell polarity and inhibits macrophage locomotion. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3057-68. [PMID: 22718904 PMCID: PMC3418302 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-12-1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarization is essential for migration and the exploratory function of leukocytes. However, the mechanism by which cells maintain polarity or how cells revert to the immobilized state by gaining cellular symmetry is not clear. Previously we showed that interaction between oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and CD36 inhibits macrophage migration; in the current study we tested the hypothesis that oxLDL/CD36-induced inhibition of migration is the result of intracellular signals that regulate cell polarity. Live cell imaging of macrophages showed that oxLDL actuated retraction of macrophage front end lamellipodia and induced loss of cell polarity. Cd36 null and macrophages null for Vav, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), did not show this effect. These findings were caused by Rac-mediated inhibition of nonmuscle myosin II, a cell polarity determinant. OxLDL induced dephosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) by increasing the activity of Rac. Six-thioguanine triphosphate (6-thio-GTP), which inhibits Vav-mediated activation of Rac, abrogated the effect of oxLDL. Activation of the Vav-Rac-myosin II pathway by oxidant stress may induce trapping of macrophages at sites of chronic inflammation such as atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Judith A. Drazba
- Imaging Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Amit Vasanji
- Biomedical Imaging and Analysis Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Thomas Egelhoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Li A, Ma Y, Yu X, Mort RL, Lindsay CR, Stevenson D, Strathdee D, Insall RH, Chernoff J, Snapper SB, Jackson IJ, Larue L, Sansom OJ, Machesky LM. Rac1 drives melanoblast organization during mouse development by orchestrating pseudopod- driven motility and cell-cycle progression. Dev Cell 2011; 21:722-34. [PMID: 21924960 PMCID: PMC3464460 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, melanoblasts proliferate and migrate ventrally through the developing dermis and epidermis as single cells. Targeted deletion of Rac1 in melanoblasts during embryogenesis causes defects in migration, cell-cycle progression, and cytokinesis. Rac1 null cells migrate markedly less efficiently, but surprisingly, global steering, crossing the dermal/epidermal junction, and homing to hair follicles occur normally. Melanoblasts navigate in the epidermis using two classes of protrusion: short stubs and long pseudopods. Short stubs are distinct from blebs and are driven by actin assembly but are independent of Rac1, Arp2/3 complex, myosin, or microtubules. Rac1 positively regulates the frequency of initiation of long pseudopods, which promote migration speed and directional plasticity. Scar/WAVE and Arp2/3 complex drive actin assembly for long pseudopod extension, which also depends on microtubule dynamics. Myosin contractility balances the extension of long pseudopods by effecting retraction and allowing force generation for movement through the complex 3D epidermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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Lu R, Sun M, Feng J, Gao X, Guo L. Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (MR-1) is a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for human ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:270. [PMID: 21702971 PMCID: PMC3132198 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (MR-1) is overexpressed in human cancer cells and plays an essential role in cancer cell growth. However, the significance of MR-1 in human ovarian cancer has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to examine whether MR-1 is a predictor of ovarian cancer and its value as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer patients. Methods Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect MR-1 mRNA levels in tissue samples from 26 ovarian cancer patients and 25 controls with benign ovarian disease. Anti-MR-1 polyclonal antibodies were prepared, tested by ELISA and western blotting, and then used for immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue samples. Adhesion and invasion of 292T cells was also examined after transfection of a pMX-MR-1 plasmid. Knockdown of MR-1 expression was achieved after stable transfection of SKOV3 cells with a short hairpin DNA pGPU6/GFP/Neo plasmid against the MR-1 gene. In addition, SKOV3 cells were treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin, and a potential role for MR-1 as a therapeutic target was evaluated. Results MR-1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and SKOV3 cells. 293T cells overexpressed MR-1, and cellular spread and invasion were enhanced after transfection of the pMX-MR-1 plasmid, suggesting that MR-1 is critical for ovarian cancer cell growth. Knockdown of MR-1 expression inhibited cell adhesion and invasion, and treatment with anti-cancer drugs decreased its expression in cancer cells. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MR-1 might serve as a novel biological marker and potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Conclusions MR-1 may be a biomarker for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. It may also be useful for monitoring of the effects of anti-cancer therapies. Further studies are needed to clarify whether MR-1 is an early diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer and a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Han YJ, Ma SF, Yourek G, Park YD, Garcia JGN. A transcribed pseudogene of MYLK promotes cell proliferation. FASEB J 2011; 25:2305-12. [PMID: 21441351 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-177808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pseudogenes are considered nonfunctional genomic artifacts of catastrophic pathways. Recent evidence, however, indicates novel roles for pseudogenes as regulators of gene expression. We tested the functionality of myosin light chain kinase pseudogene (MYLKP1) in human cells and tissues by RT-PCR, promoter activity, and cell proliferation assays. MYLKP1 is partially duplicated from the original MYLK gene that encodes nonmuscle and smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) isoforms and regulates cell contractility and cytokinesis. Despite strong homology with the smMLCK promoter (∼ 89.9%), the MYLKP1 promoter is minimally active in normal bronchial epithelial cells but highly active in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, MYLKP1 and smMLCK exhibit negatively correlated transcriptional patterns in normal and cancer cells with MYLKP1 strongly expressed in cancer cells and smMLCK highly expressed in non-neoplastic cells. For instance, expression of smMLCK decreased (19.5 ± 4.7 fold) in colon carcinoma tissues compared to normal colon tissues. Mechanistically, MYLKP1 overexpression inhibits smMLCK expression in cancer cells by decreasing RNA stability, leading to increased cell proliferation. These studies provide strong evidence for the functional involvement of pseudogenes in carcinogenesis and suggest MYLKP1 as a potential novel diagnostic or therapeutic target in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jeong Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7227, USA
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Rode HB, Sos ML, Grütter C, Heynck S, Simard JR, Rauh D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7-substituted-1-(3-bromophenylamino)isoquinoline-4-carbonitriles as inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:429-39. [PMID: 21130659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the synthesis and biological activity of a series of 7-substituted-1-(3-bromophenylamino)isoquinoline-4-carbonitriles as inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (EGFR). The inhibitory effect of these molecules was found to be dependent on the nature of the substituents at the 7-position of the isoquinoline scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haridas B Rode
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Deng M, Ding W, Min X, Xia Y. MLCK-independent phosphorylation of MLC20 and its regulation by MAP kinase pathway in human bladder smooth muscle cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2010; 68:139-49. [PMID: 20722044 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Myosins are a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins, which hydrolyze ATP and generate various forms of eukaryotic motility and muscle contraction. Myosin light chain 20 (MLC20) is small ring around the neck region of heavy chain of myosins. Phosphorylation of MLC20 is thought to play a key role in regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Calcium- and calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is considered the primary regulator of MLC20 phosphorylation. However, several observations in smooth muscle contraction cannot be explained by the mode of phosphorylation. By performing a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo, we report here MLCK-independent MLC20 phosphorylation. Gene expression study reveals that expression of MLCK in smooth muscles is inconsistent with MLC20 phosphorylation at Ser19. None of inactivating calmodulin/MLCK, depriving of calcium and silencing MLCK expression by siRNA blocks effectively the phosphorylation of MLC20 at Ser19. In addition, by overexpressing active human MAP (mitogen-activated protein)-ERK kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1) and blocking its downstream messengers, we have demonstrated a new regulatory system of MLC phosphorylation via MEKK1, which downregulates Ser19 phosphorylation of MLC20 through its downstream molecules, p38, JNK, and ERK in human bladder smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxian Deng
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, China.
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Cui WJ, Liu Y, Zhou XL, Wang FZ, Zhang XD, Ye LH. Myosin light chain kinase is responsible for high proliferative ability of breast cancer cells via anti-apoptosis involving p38 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:725-32. [PMID: 20453870 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) contributed to the high proliferative ability of breast cancer cells. METHODS Soft agar colony formation on the MCF-7 and LM-MCF-7 cell lines was determined. The cell cycles of MCF-7 and LM-MCF-7 were detected using flow cytometry analysis. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of p-ERK1/2, total-ERK1/2, p-p38, total p38, p-JNK, total-JNK, survivin, Bcl-2, p-MLC, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, and MLCK. After treatment with adriamycin (ADR), ML-7 and SB203580, apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry analysis and Annexin V-FITC fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The breast cancer LM-MCF-7 cell line with high metastasis potential (a metastitic sub-clone of MCF-7) had higher anti-apoptosis ability relative to MCF-7 cells in response to adriamycin treatment (apoptosis rate: 6.76% vs 28.58%, P<0.05). Moreover, the expression level of MLCK was upregulated and the level of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) was decreased in LM-MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ML-7, selective inhibitor of MLCK, could induce apoptosis of the LM-MCF-7 cells, in which the level of p-p38 was increased. Meanwhile, the expression levels of Bcl-2 and survivin were downregulated, while the caspase-9 was upregulated suggesting that the cells were undergone apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed that SB203580, an inhibitor of p38, abolished ML-7-induced apoptosis, which resulted in the upregulation of Bcl-2 and survivin, and downregulation of caspase-9, suggesting that Bcl-2, survivin and caspase-9 are downstream effectors of p38. CONCLUSION MLCK is responsible for high proliferative ability of breast cancer cells through anti-apoptosis, in which p38 pathway was involved.
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Schäfer C, Born S, Möhl C, Houben S, Kirchgessner N, Merkel R, Hoffmann B. The key feature for early migratory processes: Dependence of adhesion, actin bundles, force generation and transmission on filopodia. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:215-25. [PMID: 20179423 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.2.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration of cells is one of the most essential prerequisites to form higher organisms and depends on a strongly coordinated sequence of processes. Early migratory events include substrate sensing, adhesion formation, actin bundle assembly and force generation. While substrate sensing was ascribed to filopodia, all other processes were believed to depend mainly on lamellipodia of migrating cells. In this work we show for motile keratinocytes that all processes from substrate sensing to force generation strongly depend on filopodial focal complexes as well as on filopodial actin bundles. In a coordinated step by step process, filopodial focal complexes have to be tightly adhered to the substrate and to filopodial actin bundles to enlarge upon lamellipodial contact forming classical focal adhesions. Lamellipodial actin filaments attached to those focal adhesions originate from filopodia. Upon cell progression, the incorporation of filopodial actin bundles into the lamellipodium goes along with a complete change in actin cross-linker composition from filopodial fascin to lamellipodial alpha-actinin. alpha-Actinin in turn is replaced by myosin II and becomes incorporated directly behind the leading edge. Myosin II activity makes this class of actin bundles with their attached FAs the major source of force generation and transmission at the cell front. Furthermore, connection of FAs to force generating actin bundles leads to their stabilization and further enlargement. Consequently, adhesion sites formed independently of filopodia are not connected to detectable actin bundles, transmit weak forces to the substrate and disassemble within a few minutes without having been increased in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schäfer
- Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems, IBN-4, Biomechanics, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Lee JW, Kim YJ, Choi YJ, Woo HD, Kim GE, Ha TK, Lee YH, Chung HW. Cytotoxic Effects on HL-60 Cells of Myosin Light Chain Kinase Inhibitor ML-7 Alone and in Combination with Flavonoids. Toxicol Res 2009; 25:181-188. [PMID: 32038836 PMCID: PMC7006274 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2009.25.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell growth and increased cell proliferation are major features of cancer that are dependent on the stable structure and dynamics of the cytoskeleton. Since stable cytoskeleton structure and dynamics are partly regulated by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), many current studies focused on MLCK inhibition as a chemotherapeutic target. As a potent and selective MLCK inhibitor, ML-7 [1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazapine hydrochloride] is a promising candidate for an anticancer agent, which would induce apoptosis as well as prevents invasion and metastasis in certain types of cancer cells. This study assessed cytotoxic effects of ML-7 against HL-60 cells and therapeutic efficacy of ML-7 as a potential antileukemia agent. Trypan-blue exclusion assays showed dose- and time- dependent decreases in ML-7 treated HL-60 cells (p < 0.05). Comet assays revealed a significant increase in DNA damage in HL-60 cells after treatment with 40 µM ML-7 for 2 h. Sub-G1 fractions, analyzed by flow cytometry increased in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that ML-7 can induce apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells. ML-7 was selectively cytotoxic towards HL-60 cells; not affecting normal human lymphocytes. That selective effect makes it a promising potential anti-leukemia agent. In addition, anticancer efficacy of ML-7 in combination with flavonoids (genistein or quercetin) or anticancer drugs (cisplatin or AraC) against HL-60 cells was assessed. Combination of ML-7 with flavonoids increased the anticancer effect of ML-7 to a greater extent than combination with the anticancer drugs. This implies that ML-7 in combination with flavonoids could increase the efficacy of anticancer treatment, while avoiding side effects cansed by conventional anticancer drug-containing combination chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Won Lee
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
| | - Yang Jee Kim
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
| | - Young Joo Choi
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
| | - Hae Dong Woo
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
| | - Gye Eun Kim
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
| | - Young Hyun Lee
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
| | - Hai Won Chung
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-460 Korea
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Zeng S, Liu W, Nie FF, Zhao Q, Rong JJ, Wang J, Tao L, Qi Q, Lu N, Li ZY, Guo QL. LYG-202, a new flavonoid with a piperazine substitution, shows antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:551-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miyauchi E, Morita H, Tanabe S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction in part by increasing expression of zonula occludens-1 and myosin light-chain kinase in vivo. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:2400-8. [PMID: 19447972 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of lactobacilli on impaired intestinal barrier function and paracellular permeability were evaluated in human epithelial Caco-2 cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and in mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers were used as the intestinal epithelial model. Among the 4 lactobacilli studied, Lactobacillus rhamnosus OLL2838 most effectively suppressed barrier impairment and increased IL-8 secretion induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Caco-2 cells; however, the conditioned medium from OLL2838 did not show any effect on barrier functions. The in vivo effects of OLL2838 on intestinal epithelial barrier function and colonic inflammation were assessed in DSS-induced colitis of BALB/c mice. Oral treatment with both live and heat-killed OLL2838 suppressed weight loss and recovered colon length. Additionally, barrier function was restored by the administration of live and heat-killed OLL2838 to the DSS-treated animals, which conferred protection against the increase in mucosal permeability associated with DSS-induced colitis. This may at least partially be because of the increased expression of zonula occludens-1 (4.8-fold) and myosin light-chain kinase (3.1-fold) in intestinal epithelial cells isolated from mice of the heat-killed OLL2838 group. Therefore, L. rhamnosus OLL2838 would be useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Miyauchi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Gonadotropin regulation of genes differentially expressed in response to PKCζ inhibitor during ovulation in the rat. Life Sci 2009; 85:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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