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Cho J, Park J, Park C, Lee J, Oh J, Hwang G. What Are the Challenges of School Nurses in South Korea in Managing Obese Children From Low-Income Households? J Sch Nurs 2023; 39:506-516. [PMID: 34662202 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211045888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the obesity rate among school-age children is increasing, school nurses can play a vital role in managing obesity and encouraging healthy living in school settings. Obese children from low-income backgrounds are more vulnerable than other students and require more careful attention and intervention. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the barriers recognized by school nurses in managing obesity in low-income household children. A focus group interview was conducted with 17 school nurses working at an elementary school. Children, home, school, political and structural, and social areas were revealed as intricate factors in obesity management. This study can help understand school nurses' obstacles in managing obese children from low-income families and can help them prepare practical measures to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Cho
- College of Nursing, Institute for Health Science Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Nursing, Institute for Health Science Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chongwon Park
- Division of English Language and Literature, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jinah Lee
- Department of Social Welfare and Counseling, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jina Oh
- College of Nursing, Institute for Health Science Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gahui Hwang
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lin K, Jia H, Cao M, Xu T, Chen Z, Song X, Miao Y, Yao T, Dong C, Shao J, Guo H, Hu Y, Yan Y. Epidemiological characteristics of leukemia in China, 2005-2017: a log-linear regression and age-period-cohort analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1647. [PMID: 37641011 PMCID: PMC10464264 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia is a threat to human health, and there are relatively few studies on the incidence, mortality and disease burden analysis of leukemia in China. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and mortality rates of leukemia in China from 2005 to 2017 and estimate their age-period-cohort effects, it is an important prerequisite for effective prevention and control of leukemia. METHODS Leukemia incidence and mortality data from 2005 to 2017 were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report. Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) response time trend. Age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the effects of age, period and cohort. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia was 4.54/100,000 from 2005 to 2017, showed an increasing trend with AAPC of 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3%, 2.5%). The age-standardized mortality rate was 2.91/100,000, showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2012 with APC of 2.1% (95%CI: 0.4%, 3.9%) and then a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2017 with APC of -2.5% (95%CI: -5.3%, 0.3%). The age-standardized incidence (mortality) rates of leukemia were not only higher in males than that in females, but also increased more rapidly. The incidence of leukemia in rural areas was lower than in urban areas, but the AAPC was 2.2 times higher than urban areas. Children aged 0-4 years were at higher risk of leukemia. The risk of leukemia incidence and mortality increased with age. The period effect of leukemia mortality risk showed a decreasing trend, while the cohort effect showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with the turning point of 1955-1959. CONCLUSIONS The age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia in China showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2017, while the age-standardized mortality rate increased first and then decreased in 2012 as a turning point. Differences existed by gender and region. The risk of leukemia incidence and mortality increased accordingly with age. The risk of mortality due to leukemia gradually decreased from 2005 to 2017. Leukemia remains a public health problem that requires continuous attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqian Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huaimiao Jia
- Shihezi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zuhai Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yingfang Miao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenxian Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianjiang Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yizhong Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China.
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Vinoy S, Goletzke J, Rakhshandehroo M, Schweitzer L, Flourakis M, Körner A, Alexy U, van Schothorst EM, Ceriello A, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Buyken A. Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1093-1107. [PMID: 36534178 PMCID: PMC10030539 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To summarize current knowledge and gaps regarding the role of postprandial glycaemic response in the paediatric population, a workshop was organized in June 2021 by the European branch of the International Life Science Institute (ILSI). This virtual event comprised of talks given by experts followed by in-depth discussions in breakout sessions with workshop participants. The main pre-specified topics addressed by the workshop organizing committee to the invited speakers and the workshop participants were: (1) the role of glycaemic responses for paediatric health, based on mechanistic insights from animal and human data, and long-term evidence from observational and intervention studies in paediatric populations, and (2) changes in metabolism and changes in dietary needs from infancy to adolescence. Each talk as well as the discussions were summarised, including the main identified research gaps. The workshop led to the consensus on the crucial role on health of postprandial glycaemic response in paediatric population. However, a lack of scientific data has been identified regarding detailed glucose and insulin profiles in response to foods commonly consumed by paediatric populations, as well as a lack of long-term evidence including the need for suitable predictors during childhood and adolescence to anticipate health effects during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vinoy
- Mondelēz International, Nutrition Research, Clamart, France
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Trends in Quick-Service Restaurants near Public Schools in the United States: Differences by Community, School, and Student Characteristics. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:923-932.e1. [PMID: 36740187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than one-third of children and adolescents consume foods from quick-service restaurants (QSRs) daily, which is associated with an increased risk of diet-related adverse health conditions. OBJECTIVE To examine trends in the proximity of top-selling QSR chains to all public schools across the United States between 2006 and 2018 by community-, school-, and student-level characteristics. DESIGN This longitudinal study examined changes in the number QSRs between the 2006-2007 and 2017-2018 school years using data from National Center for Education Statistics, Infogroup US Historical Business Data, and the US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A mixed-model analysis of variance using census tract as a random effect and accounting for repeated measures by school was used to examine the proximity of QSRs near schools. Models adjusted for demographic characteristics and census tract population density. Data were analyzed in 2021. RESULTS During 2006, 9% of schools had QSRs within 400 m, and 25% of schools in the most populated areas had at least one QSR within 400 m. There were more QSRs near schools with a high percentage of poverty (12%), and near schools with high school students with the highest population of Black or African American (16%) and Hispanic or Latino (18%) students. By 2018, the percent of all public schools within 400 m of QSRs increased to 12%. The increase over time was greater near schools with a high percentage of poverty (16%) and near schools with high school students with the highest population of Black or African American students (22%) and Hispanic or Latino (23%) students. CONCLUSIONS This is the first nationwide study to examine trends in QSR proximity to all public schools. QSRs were most likely to be located near schools with high school students, near schools with a high percentage of poverty, and near schools with a higher proportion of racial and ethnic minority students. Over time, there were greater increases in QSRs near these schools which may have important implications for children's health and diet-related disparities.
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Meyerding SGH, Marpert JD. Modern pied pipers: Child social media influencers and junk food on YouTube: A study from Germany. Appetite 2023; 181:106382. [PMID: 36435300 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Kid influencers (under the age of 13) have profiles on social media platforms and create content to generate views and engagements. To reach young consumers, food companies are increasingly using kid influencers, perceived as highly trustworthy among children of the same age, to promote their (high-calorie) food products. Exposure to such content can lead to an increase in calorie intake. Therefore, this study aimed to identify which foods and beverages are featured in the videos of the four kid influencer channels most popular in Germany and, if possible, which Nutri-Score category these products receive. Of each channel, 50 of the most popular and 50 of the newest videos were analyzed regarding the food and beverage products and brands appearing in the video and the thumbnail. To analyze the number of appearances, each product was categorized as to whether it was branded or unbranded. Where possible, the Nutri-Score was then calculated for each product that appeared. Within the total video sample (N = 373), food and/or beverages appeared in almost 70% of the videos, of which 220 were branded and 178 were unbranded products. Due to incomplete nutrition labels of branded products, only 146 branded products could be analyzed, from which 66% received the worst Nutri-Score categories D and E. The unbranded foods were evaluated using products as similar as possible, of which the majority received Nutri-Score A. The most common brands included McDonald's, Kinder, and Coca-Cola, and the most frequent product categories were chocolate, candy, soft drinks, and fruit. The high number of high-calorie products in the videos shows that kid influencers might be regarded as a risk factor when it comes to childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan G H Meyerding
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Home Economics, HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jasmin D Marpert
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Home Economics, HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Huang Y, Burgoine T, Essman M, Theis DRZ, Bishop TRP, Adams J. Monitoring the Nutrient Composition of Food Prepared Out-of-Home in the United Kingdom: Database Development and Case Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e39033. [PMID: 36074559 PMCID: PMC9501650 DOI: 10.2196/39033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand transcribing nutrient composition data from websites requires extensive human resources and is prone to error. As a result, there are limited nutrient composition data on food prepared out of the home in the United Kingdom. Such data are crucial for understanding and monitoring the out-of-home food environment, which aids policy making. Automated data collection from publicly available sources offers a potential low-resource solution to address this gap. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we describe the first UK longitudinal nutritional database of food prepared out of the home, MenuTracker. As large chains will be required to display calorie information on their UK menus from April 2022, we also aimed to identify which chains reported their nutritional information online in November 2021. In a case study to demonstrate the utility of MenuTracker, we estimated the proportions of menu items exceeding recommended energy and nutrient intake (eg, >600 kcal per meal). METHODS We have collated nutrient composition data of menu items sold by large chain restaurants quarterly since March 2021. Large chains were defined as those with 250 employees or more (those covered by the new calorie labeling policy) or belonging to the top 100 restaurants based on sales volume. We developed scripts in Python to automate the data collection process from business websites. Various techniques were used to harvest web data and extract data from nutritional tables in PDF format. RESULTS Automated Python programs reduced approximately 85% of manual work, totaling 500 hours saved for each wave of data collection. As of January 2022, MenuTracker has 76,405 records from 88 large out-of-home food chains at 4 different time points (ie, March, June, September, and December) in 2021. In constructing the database, we found that one-quarter (24.5%, 256/1043) of large chains, which are likely to be subject to the United Kingdom's calorie menu labeling regulations, provided their nutritional information online in November 2021. Across these chains, 24.7% (16,391/66,295) of menu items exceeded the UK government's recommendation of a maximum of 600 kcal for a single meal. Comparable figures were 46.4% (29,411/63,416) for saturated fat, 34.7% (21,964/63,388) for total fat, 17.6% (11,260/64,051) for carbohydrates, 17.8% (11,434/64,059) for sugar, and 35.2% (22,588/64,086) for salt. Furthermore, 0.7% to 7.1% of the menu items exceeded the maximum daily recommended intake for these nutrients. CONCLUSIONS MenuTracker is a valuable resource that harnesses the power of data science techniques to use publicly available data online. Researchers, policy makers, and consumers can use MenuTracker to understand and assess foods available from out-of-home food outlets. The methods used in development are available online and can be used to establish similar databases elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Huang
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Essman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dolly R Z Theis
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R P Bishop
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Adams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Congdon P. Measuring Obesogenicity and Assessing Its Impact on Child Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study for England Neighbourhoods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10865. [PMID: 36078580 PMCID: PMC9518509 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Both major influences on changing obesity levels (diet and physical activity) may be mediated by the environment, with environments that promote higher weight being denoted obesogenic. However, while many conceptual descriptions and definitions of obesogenic environments are available, relatively few attempts have been made to quantify obesogenic environments (obesogenicity). The current study is an ecological study (using area units as observations) which has as its main objective to propose a methodology for obtaining a numeric index of obesogenic neighbourhoods, and assess this methodology in an application to a major national dataset. One challenge in such a task is that obesogenicity is a latent aspect, proxied by observed environment features, such as poor access to healthy food and recreation, as well as socio-demographic neighbourhood characteristics. Another is that obesogenicity is potentially spatially clustered, and this feature should be included in the methodology. Two alternative forms of measurement model (i.e., models representing a latent quantity using observed indicators) are considered in developing the obesogenic environment index, and under both approaches we find that both food and activity indicators are pertinent to measuring obesogenic environments (though with varying relevance), and that obesogenic environments are spatially clustered. We then consider the role of the obesogenic environment index in explaining obesity and overweight rates for children at ages 10-11 in English neighbourhoods, along with area deprivation, population ethnicity, crime levels, and a measure of urban-rural status. We find the index of obesogenic environments to have a significant effect in elevating rates of child obesity and overweight. As a major conclusion, we establish that obesogenic environments can be measured using appropriate methods, and that they play a part in explaining variations in child weight indicators; in short, area context is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Congdon
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London E1 4NS, UK
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Cameron AJ, Oostenbach LH, Dean S, Robinson E, White CM, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, Sacks G. Consumption Frequency and Purchase Locations of Foods Prepared Outside the Home in Australia: 2018 International Food Policy Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:76S-84S. [PMID: 35274693 PMCID: PMC9188859 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foods prepared outside the home (e.g., fast-food chains, restaurants) represent increasing proportions of diets worldwide, and have been associated with higher energy intakes and BMIs. To improve the healthiness of population diets, it is important to understand patterns of consumption of these foods, and whether related policy measures are effective. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the frequency and sources of consumption of foods prepared outside the home in Australia, and to understand the impact of nutrition information in restaurants on related food choices. METHODS Data were from a web-based survey (the International Food Policy Study) completed in 2018 by Australian adults aged ≥18 years (n = 4103). The number of meals prepared outside the home, their purchase locations, and the extent to which nutrition information was noticed and influenced purchasing decisions were each analyzed by sociodemographic characteristics and BMI, with linear models also adjusted for sex, age group, education, ethnicity, and BMI. RESULTS An average of 2.73 (95% CI, 2.61-2.86) meals per week were prepared outside the home, with higher frequencies among men, younger ages, and more highly educated participants. A wide variety of sources for these foods was observed, with fast-food outlets being most common. Around one-quarter of all foods prepared outside the home were delivered. A small percentage (14.9%; 95% CI, 13.3%-16.7%) of participants reported noticing nutrition information, but among those who did, around half reported that it influenced their behavior. CONCLUSIONS Foods prepared outside the home are commonly purchased in Australia, particularly by young adults, from a variety of outlet types. While current menu energy labeling regulations may provide some population health benefit, a broader policy focus on foods prepared outside the home is needed as part of efforts to improve population diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Cameron
- School of Health and Social Development, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Laura H Oostenbach
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Dean
- School of Health and Social Development, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ella Robinson
- School of Health and Social Development, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christine M White
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- École de Nutrition, Centre Nutrition, santé et société (Centre NUTRISS), and Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Sacks
- School of Health and Social Development, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Huang Y, Burgoine T, Theis DRZ, Adams J. Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-9. [PMID: 35642073 PMCID: PMC9991847 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the sector-wide energy and nutritional differences of both adult and children's restaurant menu items in the UK and the USA in 2018. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Energy and nutritional information provided on restaurant websites. PARTICIPANTS Menu items (n 40 902) served by forty-two large UK chains and ninety-six large USA chains. RESULTS Mean absolute energy, fat and saturated fat values were higher in USA menu items. For example, the mean adjusted per-item differences of adult menu items between the USA and the UK were 45·6 kcal for energy and 3·2 g for fat. Comparable figures for children's menu items were 43·7 kcal and 4 g. Compared with UK menu items, USA adult menu items also had higher sugar content (3·2 g, 95 % CI (0·5, 6)), and children's menu items had higher Na content (181·1 mg, 95 % CI (108·4, 253·7)). Overall, 96·8 % of UK and 95·8 % of USA menu items exceeded recommended levels for at least one of Na, fat, saturated fat or sugars. CONCLUSIONS Menu items served by large chain restaurants had higher mean absolute levels of energy, fat and saturated fat in the USA compared with the UK. UK adult menu items were also lower in sugars compared with the USA ones and children's items lower in Na. As more than 95 % of all items were considered to have high levels of at least one nutrient of public health concern in the USA and the UK, improvements in restaurant menu items are needed in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Huang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dolly RZ Theis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, UK
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Souza SFD, Conceição-Machado MEPD, Costa PRDF, Cunha CDM, Queiroz VADO, Santana MLPD, Leite LDO, Assis AMDO. Degree of food processing and association with overweight and abdominal obesity in adolescents. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eAO6619. [PMID: 35584445 PMCID: PMC9094610 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between the degree of food processing, overweight, and abdominal obesity in adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, with 576 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes. Food consumption was collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and foods classified as in natura or minimally processed, processed foods associated with culinary ingredients, and ultraprocessed foods. Sociodemographic data, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were collected. The analysis was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval, considering p<0.05. Results An intake above the third quartile of processed foods associated with culinary ingredients (prevalence ratio of 1.64; 95%CI: 1.12-2.42) and ultraprocessed (prevalence ratio of 1.58; 95%CI: 1.07-2.34) was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight. Consumption above the third quartile of ultraprocessed foods was associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, assessed by waist circumference (prevalence ratio of 2.48; 95%CI: 1.41-4.36), and waist-height ratio (prevalence ratio of 2.09; 95%CI: 1.11-3.92). Conclusion A higher consumption of processed foods associated with culinary ingredients was related to being overweight, and ultraprocessed foods with overweight and abdominal obesity.
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Neighbourhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:729-737. [PMID: 34629138 PMCID: PMC9991780 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the increased attention on neighbourhood food environments and dietary behaviours, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterise typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. DESIGN The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1 km buffer from home was determined using a Geographic Information System. Adolescents' self-reported frequency of fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify typologies of the food environment. Cross-sectional multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between food typologies, fast food outlet visitations and snack food purchasing to/from school. SETTING Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Totally, 410 adolescents (mean age= 15·5 (sd = 1·5) years). RESULTS Four distinct typologies of food outlets were identified: (1) limited variety/low number; (2) some variety/low number; (3) high variety/medium number and (4) high variety/high number. Adolescents living in Typologies 1 and 2 had three times higher odds of visiting fast food outlets ≥1 per week (Typology 1: OR = 3·71, 95 % CI 1·23, 11·19; Typology 2: OR = 3·65, 95 % CI 1·21, 10·99) than those living in Typology 4. No evidence of association was found between typologies of the food environments and snack food purchasing behaviour to/from school among adolescents. CONCLUSION Local government could emphasise an overall balance of food outlets when designing neighbourhoods to reduce propensity for fast food outlet visitation among adolescents.
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Price promotions offered by quick service restaurants in Australia: analysis from an obesity prevention perspective. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:513-527. [PMID: 34247689 PMCID: PMC9991702 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the price promotions offered by major quick service restaurant (QSR) chains in Australia from an obesity prevention perspective. DESIGN Cross-sectional audit of ten of the largest QSR chains in Australia. We collected information regarding temporary price promotions and 'combination deals' offered by each chain over thirteen consecutive weeks in 2019-2020. We assessed the type of promotions, the magnitude of discount, and the energy content and healthiness of items promoted (based on Victorian Government criteria). SETTING Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Ten major QSR chains. RESULTS Temporary price promotions (n 196) and combination deals (n 537 on regular menus, n 36 on children's menus) were observed across the ten selected QSR chains. In relation to temporary price promotions, the mean magnitude of discount for main menu items (n 75) was 41·7 %. The price reductions and energy content of combination deals varied substantially the by chain, the meal size and the sides/drinks selected as part of the 'deal'. When the lowest-energy options (e.g. small chips, small sugar-free drink) were included as part of each combination deal, the mean energy content was 2935 kJ, compared to 5764 kJ when the highest-energy options (e.g. large fries, large sugar-sweetened drink) were included. Almost all available products were classified as unhealthy. CONCLUSION Price promotions are ubiquitous in major QSR chains in Australia and provide incentives to consume high levels of energy. The action to restrict price promotions on unhealthy foods and ensure lower-energy default items as part of combination deals should be included as part of efforts to improve population diets and address obesity in Australia.
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13
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Haidari F, Mohammadshahi M, Abiri B, Guest PC, Zarei M, Fathi M. Testing the Effects of Cinnamon Extract Supplementation on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Acrylamide. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2343:179-190. [PMID: 34473322 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of cinnamon water extract supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in rats. This revealed acrylamide-intoxicated control group had significant higher levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin and alanine transaminase, and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity compared to the negative control group. In contrast, cinnamon extract administration remedied the levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and leptin in the treatment groups. However, there was no significant effect on adiponectin or liver enzymes. This chapter presents a protocol involving production of the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress model, the aqueous extraction of cinnamon powder, and measurement of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Department of Nutrition, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fathi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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14
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Rha JY, Lee B, Nam Y, Yoon J. COVID-19 and changes in Korean consumers' dietary attitudes and behaviors. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:S94-S109. [PMID: 34909136 PMCID: PMC8636393 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.s1.s94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has dramatically changed nearly every aspect of our lives. Although Dietary lifestyle includes attitudes and behaviors to meet their most basic needs, but few studies have examined the pattern of changes in dietary lifestyle driven by COVID-19. This study explores changes in dietary attitudes and behaviors among Korean consumers after COVID-19. SUBJECTS/METHODS An online survey was conducted with 549 Korean adults aged 20 and older to identify general demographics and changes in dietary attitudes and behaviors. Data were collected from Oct 12 to Oct 18, 2020. Frequency, percentage, and mean values were calculated and a K-means cluster analysis was performed to categorize consumers based on the 5S of dietary attitudes (i.e., savor-oriented, safety-oriented, sustainability-oriented, saving-oriented, and socializing-oriented). RESULTS Findings indicate consumers considered safety, health, and freshness to be most important when choosing groceries and prepared meal such as home meal replacement and delivery food. Among the types of services, a large proportion of consumers increased their delivery and take-out services. Regarding retail channels, the increase in the use of online retailers was remarkable compared to offline retailers. Finally, consumers were classified into four segments based on changes in dietary attitudes: “most influenced,” “seeking safety and sustainability,” “abstaining from savor and socializing,” and “least influenced.” Each type of consumer exhibited statistically significant differences by sex, age, household composition, presence of disease, and perceived risk of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study provides initial insights for future research by identifying various aspects of dietary attitudes and behaviors among Korean consumers after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Youn Rha
- Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bohan Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngwon Nam
- Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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15
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Zhu J, Tan Y, Lu W, He Y, Yu Z. Current Assessment of Weight, Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors among Middle and High School Students in Shanghai, China-A 2019 Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124331. [PMID: 34959883 PMCID: PMC8707717 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor nutrition or insufficient physical activity (PA) are risk factors for obesity and chronic diseases. This 2019 cross-sectional study from the school health survey examined the dietary and PA behaviors of Chinese adolescents. A total of 12,860 adolescents aged 11–18 participated through multistage and stratified cluster random sampling. A questionnaire collected data on weight, PA, sedentary lifestyle, and eating habits. Unhealthy behaviors were identified and summed up for each behavior. Participants were then classified into high and low amounts of risk behaviors. Weight status was defined using Body Mass Index (BMI) cutoff points for Chinese individuals aged 6–18. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess effects of lifestyle behaviors on weight status. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.3% among all participants (30.6% in boys, 13.2% in girls). Females engaged in more risk physical activities (4.12 vs. 3.80, p < 0.05), while males engaged in more risk dietary activities (2.20 vs. 2.02, p < 0.05). Higher number of risk dietary, PA, and sedentary behaviors were all significantly correlated with higher BMI (dietary: r = 0.064; PA: r = 0.099; sedentary: r = 0.161; p < 0.001 for all) and body weight (dietary: r = 0.124; PA: r = 0.128; sedentary: r = 0.222; p < 0.001 for all). Risk sedentary behaviors was a significant risk factor for overweight/obesity (Adjusted Odds Ratio AOR = 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval CI 1.11–1.52). Obesity and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors remain a concern among Chinese adolescents. These results provide an update on the factors contributing to overweight/obesity among adolescents and call for efforts to address obesity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yinliang Tan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Weiyi Lu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yaping He
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-904-6201442
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16
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Sarkar P, Mitra S, Basu R. Food consumption patterns of the urban adult population in the field practice area of a teaching hospital in Kolkata, using food frequency questionnaire. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3395-3400. [PMID: 34760763 PMCID: PMC8565133 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_431_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nutrition transition has replaced homemade foods with processed items that increased the prevalence of noncommunicable disease in adult population. But we know little about the food intake pattern of adults specially in urban sector. Aims: The study aimed at describing the food-consumption patterns in a sample of adults residing in urban area. Settings and Design: An observational cross-sectional study was done from April to June, 2019 at urban field practice area of a teaching hospital of Kolkata. Methods and Material: A prevalidated, pretested, 51-item, food-frequency questionnaire was applied to assess the food-consumption pattern of 110 participants. Results: Adults reported poor dietary intakes; more than half reported no consumption of green-leafy vegetables (GLV) (66.4%), other vegetables (52.8%), and fruits (63.6%). Whereas 72.7% reported consumption of three or more servings of energy-dense foods and 90.9% reported consumption of three or more servings of energy-dense beverages on previous day. Mean intake of food varied from 0.34 (SD = 0.47) for GLV to 8.19 (SD = 2.39) for cereals. Females consumed more servings of GLV, other vegetables, roots-tubers, and fruits than males. Fruit consumption was low in all age groups. Higher socioeconomic class people strikingly consumed no GLV. Conclusions: Study participants reported consumption of more energy-dense snacks, beverages than healthy food like GLV, fruits. Study findings highlight to design strategies to promote nutrition education and practical application of healthy food habits in target population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Sarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, R G Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayeli Mitra
- Department of Community Medicine, R G Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rivu Basu
- Department of Community Medicine, R G Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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17
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Rodrigues D, Carmo A, Gama A, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Nogueira H, Rosado-Marques V, Silva MR, Padez C. The Great Recession weighted on Portuguese children: A structural equation modeling approach considering eating patterns. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23692. [PMID: 34669227 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Further evidence on how the Great Recession was associated with childhood obesity is needed, particularly when the world is facing a new and severe economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores: (1) the direct association of the 2008's economic crisis with eating patterns and body mass index (BMI), among children, independently of their socioeconomic status (SES), and (2) the indirect association between the crisis and children's BMI, by using eating patterns as mediators. METHODS A sample of children (n = 8472, mean age: 7.17 years old, 50.8% male) was recruited in schools from the cities of Porto, Coimbra and Lisbon, Portugal. Children's height and weight were objectively measured; BMI was calculated. Other data were collected by a parental questionnaire. A structural equation modeling studied the associations between the economic crisis impact, eating patterns, and BMI; model was adjusted for SES. RESULTS Children in families that reported a greater impact of the economic crisis showed higher consumption of unhealthy food items and lower consumption of healthy foods, regardless of SES. Indirectly, children whose parents scored higher in the economic crisis impact had higher BMI mediated by a higher consumption of cakes/chocolates and lower intake of vegetables/salads. CONCLUSIONS The economic crisis was associated with higher BMI and unhealthy eating patterns. Efforts to promote healthy diets and weight are needed at a population level rather than for specific social classes, particularly in the face of a new economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ariene Carmo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Augusta Gama
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,High School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Helena Nogueira
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Rosado-Marques
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel Silva
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Havermans RC, Rutten G, Bartelet D. Adolescent's Willingness to Adopt a More Plant-Based Diet: A Theory-Based Interview Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:688131. [PMID: 34527686 PMCID: PMC8435572 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.688131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A plant-based diet is more sustainable, and research suggests that adolescents obtain health benefits from adopting a more plant-based diet (e.g., improved weight control, increased cardiovascular health). However, it is still unclear what factors promote/hinder their intention to attain such a dietary habit. The aim of the present study was to examine factors affecting adolescents' willingness to consume more plant-based foods. In a theory-based interview study, using the Reasoned Action Approach as framework, adolescents were interviewed concerning their reasons for their (un)willingness to adopt a more plant-based diet. A total of 11 adolescents (15/16 years old; 7 girls, 4 boys) were recruited and interviewed at two secondary schools in the Dutch Province of Limburg, the Netherlands. None of the interviewees reported being vegan/vegetarian/flexitarian. The interviewed adolescents overall expressed little interest in adopting a more plant-based diet. They appeared to have little knowledge of what would comprise a more plant-based diet and showed a lack of awareness of the benefits for personal and planet health. Further, most participants indicated lacking skills to prepare plant-based meals. Despite that, they felt confident they would be able to consume a much more plant-based diet for a definite period. Most importantly, the low intention to consume more plant-based food options was explained by the perceived (or expected) poor taste of these foods. We conclude that education on the plant-based diet (i.e., increasing awareness of the benefits, and skills to procure or prepare a plant-based meal) might increase both knowledge and plant-based food familiarity. The latter being important as food familiarity is key in promoting its acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco C Havermans
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands.,Chair Group Youth Food and Health, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Geert Rutten
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Dimona Bartelet
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
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19
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Man CS, Hock LK, Ying CY, Cheong KC, Kuay LK, Huey TC, Baharudin A, Aziz NSA. Is fast-food consumption a problem among adolescents in Malaysia? An analysis of the National School-Based Nutrition Survey, 2012. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2021; 40:31. [PMID: 34271986 PMCID: PMC8285850 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast-food consumption is an unhealthy dietary behaviour because it increases the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate factors associated with fast-food consumption, namely sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index-for-age, meal away from home habit, and intake of various food groups among adolescents in Malaysia. METHODS We analysed data from the National School-Based Nutrition Survey (NSNS). The NSNS was a nationwide, cross-sectional survey. Multiple-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was applied to obtain a representative sample of adolescents' population. This study recruited adolescents aged 10-18 years who were attending schools. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaires in Malay language were used to obtain relevant information. Frequency of fast-food consumption per week was classified into three groups: "consumed fast-food four to seven days", "consumed fast-food one to three days", and "did not consume fast-food". Intake of food groups was assessed by self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Descriptive and complex sample multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed in data analysis. RESULTS A total of 26,383 from 40,012 selected adolescents completed all the relevant questions for this study. Of those surveyed, 13.5% of the respondents consumed fast-food 4 to 7 days, 69.3% of the respondents consumed fast food 1 to 3 days, and 17.2% of them did not consume fast-food in a typical week. Frequency of fast-food consumptions (4 to 7 days and 1 to 3 days per week) was significantly associated with age; sex; ethnicity; locality of schools; frequency of eating out; and not consuming recommended intake of cereals or grains, vegetables, and meat or poultry or eggs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, age; sex; ethnicity; locality of schools; frequency of eating out per week; imbalanced intake of cereals or grains, meat, or poultry or eggs; and inadequate vegetable intake were significantly associated with fast-food consumption among adolescents in Malaysia. The findings of this study will be useful for policy makers in promoting healthy food choices among adolescents in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong Siew Man
- Centre for Nutrition Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/53, Section U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Lim Kuang Hock
- Special Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chan Ying Ying
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kee Chee Cheong
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Lim Kuang Kuay
- Centre for Occupation Health Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Teh Chien Huey
- Biomedical Research Management, Strategy and Innovation Unit, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Azli Baharudin
- Centre for Nutrition Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/53, Section U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz
- Centre for Nutrition Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/53, Section U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
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20
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Marketing to Children Inside Quick Service Restaurants: Differences by Community Demographics. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:96-104. [PMID: 33994053 PMCID: PMC8277431 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the U.S., children regularly consume foods from quick-service restaurants, but little is known about the marketing strategies currently used inside quick-service restaurants. This study aims to validate a child-focused Environmental Assessment Tool for quick-service restaurants, evaluate marketing strategies inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants, and examine differences by community race/ethnicity or income. METHODS The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were assessed across the top 5 national quick-service restaurant chains. Marketing techniques in 165 quick-service restaurants (33 per national chain) in socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse communities throughout New England were examined in 2018-2019. Mixed methods ANOVA examined the differences in marketing techniques in 2020. RESULTS The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Environmental Assessment Tool were high (Cohen's κ>0.80). Approximately 95% of quick-service restaurants marketed less healthy foods, whereas only 6.5% marketed healthy options. When examining the differences by community demographics, there were significantly more price promotion advertisements inside and on the exterior of quick-service restaurants in lower-income communities. In addition, there was a greater number of child-directed advertisements with cartoon or TV/movie characters as well as fewer healthy entrée options and more sugar-sweetened beverage and dessert options on the children's menu inside quick-service restaurants in communities with higher minority populations. CONCLUSIONS Environmental Assessment Tool is a valid tool to evaluate marketing inside quick-service restaurants. Results suggest that there is a substantial amount of unhealthy food and beverage marketing inside quick-service restaurants, with differences in the number and types of techniques used in lower-income and minority communities. Policies that limit quick-service restaurant marketing to children should be considered.
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21
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Papamichael MM, Katsardis C, Tsoukalas D, Itsiopoulos C, Erbas B. Plasma lipid biomarkers in relation to BMI, lung function, and airway inflammation in pediatric asthma. Metabolomics 2021; 17:63. [PMID: 34175992 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited understanding of how plasma fatty acid levels affect pulmonary function in pediatric years. It has been speculated that polyunsaturated fatty acids influence asthma via anti or pro-inflammatory mechanisms. Metabolomics presents a new and promising resource for identifying molecular processes involved in asthma pathology. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship of plasma fatty acid metabolites as biomarkers of the 'mild-asthma' phenotype and lung function including airway inflammation in children. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 64 children (5-12 years, 33 male) with mild-asthma phenotype attending an outpatient pediatric clinic in Athens, Greece. Clinical examination included spirometry (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25-75%) and Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO). Targeted metabolomic profiling was used to quantify plasma fatty acid composition. Associations between lipids and pulmonary function indices were investigated applying linear regression. RESULTS Targeted GC-MS identified 25 unique plasma fatty acids in mild-asthmatic children. Linear regression revealed significant associations between linoleic, oleic, erucic, cis-11-eicosenoic, arachidic acids and FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25-75% and FeNO in the overweight/obese group, adjusting for age and sex; and in the normo-weight between stearic and arachidic acids versus FEV1 and FEV1/FVC respectively. No associations were observed for arachidonic, α-linolenic, EPA and DHA. CONCLUSION Metabolomics is a novel science that is useful to discover metabolic signatures specific to disease. Evaluation of fatty acid status could assist clinicians in decision-making about a dietary modification that can be used for personalized nutrition therapies to achieve better asthma control, optimum lung function, and therapeutic response in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michelle Papamichael
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition & Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
- European Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition & Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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22
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Emond JA, Utter H, Eschholz A, Chang V, Gottlieb MA, Sargent JD. Promotion of Meal Premiums in Child-Directed TV Advertising for Children's Fast-food Meals. Pediatrics 2021; 147:e2020042994. [PMID: 33972379 PMCID: PMC8785689 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-042994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast-food intake is a modifiable obesity risk factor in early childhood, and child-directed fast-food marketing is common. Per self-regulatory guidelines regarding deception, premiums (ie, incentives or toy giveaways) in child-directed advertisements must be secondary to the advertised product. METHODS Content analyses were performed of all child-directed fast-food television (TV) advertisements aired on four national US children's TV networks, February 1, 2019, through January 31, 2020, to assess the emphasis of premiums relative to food. We quantified the percent of the audio transcript (word count) and visual airtime (seconds) that included premiums or food and the on-screen size of premiums relative to food in randomly selected frames from each advertisement. RESULTS There were 28 unique child-directed advertisements for children's fast-food meals in the study year; 27 advertisements were from one restaurant and accounted for nearly all (99.8%) of the total airtime for the 28 advertisements. Premiums were present in 27 of the 28 unique advertisements. On average, premiums (versus food) accounted for 53.0% (vs 16.0%) of words in the audio transcript and 59.2% (vs 54.3%) of the visual airtime per advertisement. In the random subset of frames that includes both premiums and food imagery, imagery of premiums accounted for 9.7% (95% CI: 6.4%-13.0%) of the on-screen area, whereas imagery of food accounted for 5.7% (95% CI: 4.4%-7.0%), an average ratio of 1.9:1 within each frame when excluding one large outlier. CONCLUSIONS Child-directed fast-food TV advertisements emphasize premiums over food in violation of self-regulatory guidelines, counter to childhood obesity prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Emond
- The C. Everett Koop Institute,
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, and
- Media and Health Behaviors Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine
| | | | - Alec Eschholz
- Media and Health Behaviors Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine
| | | | - Mark A Gottlieb
- Public Health Advocacy Institute at Northeastern University School of Law, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James D Sargent
- The C. Everett Koop Institute
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, and
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Jonczyk P, Potempa-Jeziorowska M, Świętochowska E, Kucharzewski M. The analysis of the degree of 10–13-year-old children’s nutrition, dietary habits and physical activity in the selected rural and urban areas of Silesian Province (Poland). EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-021-00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The nutrition disorders in the children’s population, in the form of malnutrition, as well as overweight and obesity constitute a significant clinical problem in the contemporary world. As a result of the improper way of children’s nutrition, their physical and mental development becomes dysfunctional, which leads in their adult life to serious health consequences, among others, complications of cardiovascular system, metabolic and endocrinological and disorders, improper development of osteoarticular system and mental diseases and social withdrawal.
Results
Five hundred eighty-nine parents of children aged 10–13 participated in the survey questionnaire, where 304 respondents were constituted by girls (51.61%); however, the remaining 285 people were represented by boys (48.39%). It turned out that overweight and obesity concern approximately 44% of respondents; however, approximately 22% of children have too low body weight in relation to age and sex. While analysing dietary habits, it was observed that main meals are not consumed by all children; breakfast is consumed by approximately 90% of respondents, packed lunch just by 70% and lunch and supper by 90% of respondents. In the course of subsequent analyses, it turned out that over ¾ of respondents declared that their child drinks mineral water every day, only approximately 44% of them drink milk every day; however, almost 18% of children reach for sweet drinks. Children eat sweet or salty snacks too often (over 55% every day or several times a week), resigning from consuming fruit and vegetables (just half of respondents every day), fish and brown bread (below 30% of children eat these products less than once a week); every fifth child dedicates less than 3 h to physical activity, 39% of respondents do exercise from 3 to 5 h a week, the next 25% from 5 to 10 h.
Conclusions
It was observed in the analysed population that over half of them struggle with the degree of nutrition disorders in the form of overweight and obesity or malnutrition. We may conclude, based on the obtained results, that children have inappropriate dietary habits, consuming too small quantities of fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and drinking improper quantities of water and milk. Repeatedly, they replace these full-value products by consuming sweets and salty snacks and by drinking sweet drinks, they also more and more often reach for processed food in fast food bars. What is worrying, it was also observed that in the analysed population, children dedicate too little of their free time to physical activity and additional physical activities.
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Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:769-783. [PMID: 33720094 PMCID: PMC9770153 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
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Stennett M, Blokland A, Watt RG, Heilmann A. Mid-adolescent ethnic variations in overweight prevalence in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:396-402. [PMID: 33895848 PMCID: PMC8565477 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are stark ethnic inequalities in the prevalence of UK childhood obesity. However, data on adolescent overweight in different ethnic groups are limited. This study assessed ethnic inequalities in overweight prevalence during mid-adolescence using body mass index (BMI) and explored the contribution of socioeconomic and behavioural factors. METHODS We analyzed data from 10 500 adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years who participated in sweep six of the Millennium Cohort Study. Ethnic inequalities in overweight and mean BMI were assessed using multiple regression models. Results were stratified by sex and adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioural factors. RESULTS Black Caribbean males had significantly higher BMI than White males after full adjustment [excess BMI 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-5.19] and were over three times more likely to be overweight [odds ratio (OR): 3.32, 95% CI 1.95-5.66]. Black Africans females had significantly higher BMI compared with White females (excess BMI 1.86, 95% CI 0.89-2.83; OR for overweight 2.74, 95% CI 1.64-4.56), while Indian females had significantly lower BMI compared with White females (reduced BMI -0.73, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.09). Socioeconomic and behavioural factors often considered to be associated with overweight were more prevalent in some ethnic minority groups (lower socioeconomic position, lack of breakfast consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, high sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption, and infrequent physical activity), but adjustment for these factors did not fully explain ethnic differences in overweight/BMI. CONCLUSION Ethnic inequalities in overweight prevalence are evident in mid-adolescence and vary according to sex. Differences in overweight/BMI between ethnic groups were not fully accounted for by socioeconomic or behavioural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Stennett
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Blokland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
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[Diet and asthma: Better eating for better breathing?]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:278-288. [PMID: 33676796 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled therapies are the cornerstone of asthma treatment. However, according to national and international guidelines, non-pharmacological interventions should not be neglected in asthma. It has been demonstrated that a healthy diet is beneficial to general health. Recently, the effect of diet on asthma has been highlighted in many studies. Two diets have been particularly studied: the Mediterranean diet (high in fruits and vegetables and low in fat) and the Western diet (high in saturated fat and low in fruits and vegetables). A beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet and deleterious effect of the Western diet on the development or control of asthma has been shown in some studies even after adjustment for overweight. Study findings have not been unanimous, probably related to the complexity of conducting studies on a diet that may change from day to day for any individual subject. In addition, the effect of physical exercise, which is known to be beneficial in asthma, is rarely taken into account in these studies. However, studies on diet are becoming more complex with the use of specific dietary indices, which should bring interesting data in the future.
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Body mass index and potential correlates among elementary school children in Jordan. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:629-638. [PMID: 32328908 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity and overweight are on the rise worldwide, and Jordanian children are no exception to this rule. Childhood Obesity has major implications on the physical and mental health of individuals, and it can often develop into adult obesity. Obesity/overweight correlates have not been researched extensively in the Middle East region, where Jordan is central. This region is undergoing tremendous changes because of wars, globalization, and the influx of refugees. The cultural and eating habits of the people are changing along with demographical changes. Thus, timely research is required to assess the current health state of this dynamic society. The main goal of this study is to understand the environmental and cultural factors that are associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) z score in elementary school children in Jordan. METHODS A total of 1260 children enrolled in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study used a parental self-reporting questionnaire that contains possible factors associated with BMI, zBMI, demographics, and other pertinent information. RESULTS Several factors have been associated with higher zBMI among elementary school children: if a child owns a smartphone (p = 0.0037), uses electronics to play ([Formula: see text]), uses electronics for longer hours ([Formula: see text]), eats food while using electronics or watching TV ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively), sleeps less hours in weekends ([Formula: see text]), was breastfed for lower number of months ([Formula: see text]), lives in rural areas ([Formula: see text]), goes to a private school ([Formula: see text]) and is a male ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION Investigating characteristics and environmental determinants of childhood obesity play an essential role in establishing effective intervention program and reduce future risks of morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive (cross-sectional) study.
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Ohri-Vachaspati P, Acciai F, Lloyd K, Tulloch D, DeWeese RS, DeLia D, Todd M, Yedidia MJ. Evidence That Changes in Community Food Environments Lead to Changes in Children's Weight: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:419-434.e9. [PMID: 33309589 PMCID: PMC8742245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to improve the community food environment have been recommended for addressing childhood obesity, but evidence substantiating their effectiveness is limited. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine the impact of changes in availability of key features of the community food environment, such as supermarkets, small grocery stores, convenience stores, upgraded convenience stores, pharmacies, and limited service restaurants, on changes in children's body mass index z scores (zBMIs). DESIGN We conducted a longitudinal cohort study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Two cohorts of 3- to 15-year-old children living in 4 low-income New Jersey cities were followed during 2- to 5-year periods from 2009 through 2017. Data on weight status were collected at 2 time points (T1 and T2) from each cohort; data on food outlets in the 4 cities and within a 1-mile buffer around each city were collected multiple times between T1 and T2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured change in children's zBMIs between T1 and T2. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Changes in the food environment were conceptualized as exposure to changes in counts of food outlets across varying proximities (0.25 mile, 0.5 mile, and 1.0 mile) around a child's home, over different lengths of time a child was exposed to these changes before T2 (12 months, 18 months, and 24 months). Multivariate models examined patterns in relationships between changes in zBMI and changes in the food environment. RESULTS Increased zBMIs were observed in children with greater exposure to convenience stores over time, with a consistent pattern of significant associations across varying proximities and lengths of exposure. For example, exposure to an additional convenience store over 24 months within 1 mile of a child's home resulted in 11.7% higher odds (P = 0.007) of a child being in a higher zBMI change category at T2. Lower zBMIs were observed in children with increased exposure to small grocery stores selling an array of healthy items, with exposure to an additional small grocery store within 1 mile over 24 months, resulting in 37.3% lower odds (P < 0.05) of being in a higher zBMI change category at T2. No consistent patterns were observed for changes in exposure to supermarkets, limited service restaurants, or pharmacies. CONCLUSIONS Increased availability of small grocery stores near children's homes may improve children's weight status, whereas increased availability of convenience stores is likely to be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Acciai
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kristen Lloyd
- Center for State Health Policy, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - David Tulloch
- Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis, Department of Landscape Architecture, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Robin S DeWeese
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Derek DeLia
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Michael Todd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix
| | - Michael J Yedidia
- Center for State Health Policy, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Kanellopoulou A, Diamantis DV, Notara V, Panagiotakos DB. Extracurricular Sports Participation and Sedentary Behavior in Association with Dietary Habits and Obesity Risk in Children and Adolescents and the Role of Family Structure: a Literature Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:1-11. [PMID: 33595804 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood obesity is considered a major problem in the modern world, associated with many health issues in youth. This review aimed the association between extracurricular sports participation, sedentary time/screen time, and "obesogenic" and "non-obesogenic" dietary habits among youth and to explore the role of family structure on the adoption of sedentary behaviors by children. RECENT FINDINGS Increased participation in extracurricular sports was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, containing more "non-obesogenic" food choices. Opposite results were indicated by sedentary activities. Increased time in watching TV, computer/electronic games, and other screen devices was positively associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. Overall, extracurricular activities influence the quality of food choices, which may prevent or promote childhood obesity; thus, sport-related activities should be promoted through public health policies. The role of the family structure is contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kanellopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou (Thiseos) Ave, Kallithea, 176 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Diamantis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou (Thiseos) Ave, Kallithea, 176 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou (Thiseos) Ave, Kallithea, 176 71, Athens, Greece. .,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT, Canberra, Australia.
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Cartoon Characters in Children’s Series: Gender Disparities in Body Weight and Food Consumption. SEXES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Media play a significant role in forming audience perceptions about physical external appearance and food consumption patterns. It has been reported that children’s cartoons project slimness, and concomitantly consumption of poor nutritional quality food. However, data on the role of gender in this respect are lacking; thus, this was the aim of the present study. (2) Methods: 100 episodes of the 10 most popular cartoon series were analyzed. Characters’ body weight status was classified into underweight, normal weight and overweight, and foods consumed as core (e.g., fruit, vegetables) and non-core (e.g., sweets, snacks). Messages about characters’ attractiveness were recorded and classified according to their body weight status and gender. (3) Results: Out of 37 protagonists, 12 were female figures (32%), while out of the 10 thin protagonists, 7 were females (70%) and only 3 males (30%). Thin heroines were the recipients of the majority of the messages connotative to physical attractiveness (36 out of 58 messages). However, consumption of core and non-core foods did not differ within genders (core: z = −1.526, p = 0.127, non-core: z = −0.417, p = 0.667). (4) Conclusions: Females seem to be underrepresented in cartoon series but receive the majority of the comments related to physical appearance, with most of them addressing the attractiveness of a thin figure.
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Li L, Sun N, Zhang L, Xu G, Liu J, Hu J, Zhang Z, Lou J, Deng H, Shen Z, Han L. Fast food consumption among young adolescents aged 12-15 years in 54 low- and middle-income countries. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1795438. [PMID: 32762333 PMCID: PMC7480506 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1795438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most countries worldwide, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are facing an increasing prevalence of fast-food consumption and multiple burdens of malnutrition among young adolescents. OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of fast-food consumption among young adolescents in LMICs. METHODS We used data from the most recent Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2009-2015), which had been collected using a standardized questionnaire. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidential intervals of fast-food consumption were calculated overall and in subgroups stratified by age, sex, and nutritional status. The pooled overall and regional estimates were obtained using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The associated risk factors for fast-food consumption were explored using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Our study comprised 153,496 young adolescents (46.90% boys) from 54 LMICs. Overall, approximately 55.2% (51.3-59.1%) of the adolescents consumed fast food at least 1 day per week, and 10.3% (8.3-12.4%) did so 4-7 days per week. The prevalence of fast-food consumption 4-7 days per week was lowest in the Americas (8.3%; 6.7-9.9%) and highest in Southeast Asia (17.7%; 2.3-33.2%). At a country level, the prevalence was lowest in Pakistan (1.5%; 1.0-2.0%) and highest in Thailand (43.3%; 40.4-46.1%). Furthermore, in subgroups stratified by nutritional status, the prevalence was lowest in the obesity group (6.6%; 4.5-8.7%). Factors such as age, sex, BMI, food insecurity, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, soft-drink consumption, smoking, physical activity level, and sedentary behavior level were found to be correlated with fast-food consumption. CONCLUSIONS The identified high prevalence of fast-food consumption among young adolescents in LMICs indicates the urgent need to prioritize the implementation of healthy-diet promotion programs to improve adolescent health in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Sun
- School of Nursing, Ningbo College of Health Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University , Harbin, China
| | - Jingcen Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Teaching and Research Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University , Weifang, China
| | - Jianjun Lou
- Nutrition Department, Yuyao People's Hospital , Yuyao, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital , Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital , Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the sugar content of items at four multinational fast-food chains, across three countries. DESIGN Total sugar (g)/per serving was extracted from online nutrition information, and sugar/100 g serving was calculated. Foods were categorised as: breakfast sandwiches, burgers, sandwiches, desserts and condiments. Beverages were categorised as fountain, frozen or pre-packaged. Sugar (g) was compared across countries using linear mixed-effects models. Pairwise comparisons were performed with Tukey-Kramer adjustments. SETTING USA, Germany and Australia. PARTICIPANTS Burger King™ (Hungry Jack's™), Kentucky Fried Chicken™, McDonald's™ and Subway™. RESULTS Differences in total sugar/100 g or ml were observed across countries for burgers (n 104), desserts (n 110), sandwiches (n 178), pre-packaged beverages (n 36) and frozen beverages (n 72). Comparing identical items across countries (e.g. BigMacTM from McDonalds in USA, Germany and Australia), burgers (n 10 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (3·4 g/100 g) compared with the USA (4·7 g/100 g, P = 0·02) or Germany (4·6 g/100 g, P = 0·04), yet no differences were observed in other food categories. Comparing the same beverages across countries (e.g. chocolate shake from Burger King), frozen beverages (n 4 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (14·2 g/100 ml), compared with the USA (20·3 g/100 ml, P = 0·0005) or Germany (17·8 g/100 ml, P = 0·0148), yet no differences were observed in other beverage categories. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity in fast-food sugar content across countries suggests that reductions are possible and should be implemented to reduce health risks associated with excess added sugar intake.
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Violence and obesogenic behavior among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 62 countries: A global perspective. Prev Med 2020; 137:106123. [PMID: 32389676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to violence may be associated with increased risk for obesogenic behavior among adolescents but studies providing a global perspective are lacking. The aim of this work was to assess the relationship between violence and obesogenic behaviors among young adolescents from 62 countries. Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2009-2016 were analyzed. Information on violence (intentional injury, physical attack, physical fight) and obesogenic behavior (anxiety-induced sleep problems, low physical activity, sedentary behavior, fast-food consumption, carbonated soft-drink consumption) were self-reported. Associations were analyzed using meta-analysis based on country-wise multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 165,380 adolescents aged 12-15 years [mean (SD) age 13.8 (1.0) years; 50.9% boys] were included in the analysis. All types of violence were positively associated with higher odds for all types of obesogenic behavior with the exception of low physical activity. Associations were particularly pronounced for anxiety-induced insomnia. In contrast, intentional injury (OR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.64-0.81) and physical fight (OR = 0.90; 95%CI = 0.86-0.95) were associated with lower odds for low physical activity. In this large global sample of adolescents, exposure to violence was associated with all obesogenic behaviors apart from low physical activity. Multidimensional government programs and policies addressing exposure to violence among young adolescents may lead to reduction in obesogenic behavior and hence curtail the global obesity epidemic.
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Faraji S, Valizadeh S, Sharifi A, Shabazi S, Ghojazadeh M. The effectiveness of telegram-based virtual education versus in-person education on the quality of life in adolescents with moderate-to-severe asthma: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nurs Open 2020; 7:1691-1697. [PMID: 33072352 PMCID: PMC7544889 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim In recent years, mobile applications have been developed for health education purposes. The aim of this study was to determine whether Telegram-based virtual education versus in-person education can be effective for improving the quality of life in adolescents with moderate-to-severe asthma. Design A single-blind randomized trial. Methods Participants were 64 adolescents aged 12-19 years and were equally assigned randomly to group A (Telegram-based education) and group B (in-person education) during 22 June 2017-19 February 2018. The educational contents were similar for both groups. The Mini Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire was used prior to intervention and 5 weeks postintervention for both groups of adolescents. Results A statistically significant increase was observed in the quality of life in both groups (p < .001). After controlling the quality-of-life scores, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean score for the quality of life and its domains (p < .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Faraji
- Department of Pediatric Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Sousan Valizadeh
- Iranian Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Nursing and Midwifery School Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Akbar Sharifi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Shahla Shabazi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Iranian Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Medicine School Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Wasilewska E, Małgorzewicz S, Gruchała-Niedoszytko M, Skotnicka M, Jassem E. Dietary Habits in Children with Respiratory Allergies: A Single-Center Polish Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051521. [PMID: 32456203 PMCID: PMC7284862 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising trend in allergic diseases has developed in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, suggesting a possible association. The links between eating habits and allergies have not been sufficiently clarified. AIM To evaluate the nutritional status, eating habits, and risk factors of obesity and pulmonary function in children with allergic rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 106 children with allergic rhinitis (mean age 12.1 ± 3.4 years; M/F 60/46) from the Department of Allergology. Clinical data were collected regarding allergies, physical activity, nutritional status (Bodystat), dietary habits (Food Frequency Questionnaire validated for the Polish population), skin prick test with aeroallergens (Allergopharma), and spirometry (Jaeger). RESULTS All children suffered from allergic rhinitis; among them, 43 (40.6%) presented symptoms of asthma. There were differences between children with only allergic rhinitis (AR group) and children with both rhinitis and asthma (AA group) in pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 100 ± 11 vs. 92.1 ± 15.0; p < 0.05). A total of 84 children (79%) presented a normal body mass index (BMI) (10-97 percentile), 8 (7.5%) were underweight, and 14 (13.5%) were overweight or obese. There were no differences in body composition between the AR and AA groups. Incorrect eating habits were demonstrated by most of the children, e.g., consumption of three or fewer meals in a day (38%), sweets every day (44%), snacking between meals every day (80%), and eating meals less than 1 h before bedtime (47%). Compared to the AR group, the AA group was more likely to eat more meals a day (p = 0.04), snack more often (p = 0.04), and eat before sleeping (p = 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between high BMI and snacking between meals and low physical activity (adjusted R2 = 0.97; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The risk factors for obesity in children with allergies include snacking and low physical activity. Most children with respiratory allergies, especially those with asthma, reported incorrect eating habits such as snacking and eating before bedtime. A correlation between pulmonary function and body composition or dietary habits was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Wasilewska
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki str 7, 90-211 Gdańsk, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwia Małgorzewicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki str 7, 90-211 Gdańsk, Germany; (S.M.); (M.G.-N.)
| | - Marta Gruchała-Niedoszytko
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki str 7, 90-211 Gdańsk, Germany; (S.M.); (M.G.-N.)
| | - Magdalena Skotnicka
- Department of Food Commodity Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki str 7, 90-211 Gdańsk, Germany;
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki str 7, 90-211 Gdańsk, Germany;
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Bogl LH, Mehlig K, Ahrens W, Gwozdz W, de Henauw S, Molnár D, Moreno L, Pigeot I, Russo P, Solea A, Veidebaum T, Kaprio J, Lissner L, Hebestreit A. Like me, like you - relative importance of peers and siblings on children's fast food consumption and screen time but not sports club participation depends on age. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:50. [PMID: 32295621 PMCID: PMC7160987 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle interventions to prevent paediatric obesity often target family and peer settings; their success is likely to depend on the influence that peers and families exert on children’s lifestyle behaviors at different developmental stages. Objective First, to determine whether children’s lifestyle behavior more closely resembles their peers’ or siblings’ behaviors. Secondly, to investigate longitudinally whether children’s behavioral change is predicted by that of their peers or their siblings as they grow older. Methods The European prospective IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (baseline survey: 2007/2008, first follow-up: 2009/2010, and second follow-up: 2013/2014) aims at investigating risk factors for overweight and related behaviors during childhood and adolescence. The present investigation includes 2694 observations of children and their siblings aged 2 to 18 years. Peers were defined as same-sex, same-age children in the same community and identified from the full cohort. The longitudinal analysis (mean follow-up time: 3.7 years) includes 525 sibling pairs. Children’s lifestyle behaviors including fast food consumption (frequency/week), screen time (hours/week) and sports club participation (hours/week) were assessed by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear models. Results Children’s lifestyle behavior was associated with the respective behavior of their peers and sibling for all 3 behaviors. For fast food consumption, the peer resemblance was more than 6-fold higher than the sibling resemblance and the peer resemblance surpassed the sibling resemblance by the age of 9–10 years. The similarities with peers for fast food consumption and screen time steadily increased, while the similarities with siblings steadily decreased with increasing age of the children (Pinteraction < 0.001). In contrast, the relative importance of peers and siblings on sports club duration did not vary by the age of the children. Longitudinal results showed that children’s changes in fast food consumption were more strongly associated with those in their peer group than their sibling, in particular if the age gap between siblings was large. Conclusion In conclusion, our results support the implementation of multi-setting interventions for improving lifestyle behaviors in children. Our findings might also guide future intervention studies in the choice of timing and setting in which interventions are likely to be most effective. From the ages of 9–10 years onwards, family- or home-based interventions targeting children’s fast food intake and screen time behavior may become less effective than school- or community-based interventions aimed at peer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H Bogl
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1st floor, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.,University of Bremen, Institute of Statistics, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wencke Gwozdz
- Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Faculty Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences & Environmental Management, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.,University of Bremen, Institute of Statistics, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonia Solea
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Jacob L, Stubbs B, Firth J, Smith L, Haro JM, Koyanagi A. Fast food consumption and suicide attempts among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 32 countries. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:63-70. [PMID: 32056938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the fast food consumption-suicide attempt relationship among 105,061 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 32 countries. METHODS This study was based on cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), and included 4 low-income, 13 lower middle-income, 9 upper middle-income, and 6 high-income countries. Data on past 7-day fast food consumption and 12-month suicide attempts were collected. The association between fast food consumption and suicide attempts was investigated with multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis while adjusting for sex, age, food insecurity (proxy of socioeconomic status), alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, obesity, carbonated soft drink consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of fast food consumption was high (53.5%) and the proportion of suicide attempts was higher among consumers of fast food compared to non-consumers (11.8% vs. 8.3%). Of the 32 countries included in the study, a positive association between fast food consumption and suicide attempts was found in 26 countries although this was not statistically significant in all countries. The pooled OR (95% CI) based on a meta-analysis was 1.31 (1.17-1.46). LIMITATIONS Since this was a cross-sectional study, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about causality or temporality in the associations assessed. CONCLUSIONS Fast food consumption is positively associated with suicide attempts in adolescents. Further research of longitudinal design is needed to confirm/refute our findings and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Positive Ageing Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Yoon SR, Fogleman SK, Kim H, Lee KE, Kim OY. Breakfast Intake Effect on the Association between Fast-Food Consumption and the Risk of Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Korean Adults Aged 20-39 Years Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV 2013-2014. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:107-121. [PMID: 32395441 PMCID: PMC7192669 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between fast-food (FF) consumptions and the risk of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia in Korean adults (20-39 years) based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014). We also examined the effect of breakfast intake on the risk of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia according to their frequencies of FF consumption. FF consumption was categorized into 3 groups: < 1 time/month (n = 79); 1-3 times/month (n = 1,173); and ≥ 1 time/week (n = 474). People consuming FF ≥ 1 time/week had unhealthy lifestyles, higher intake of total calorie, fat, and protein, and higher levels of blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol than those consuming FF < 1 time/month. Logistic regression analysis showed higher risk of overweight/obesity in people consuming FF 1-3 times/month (odds ratio [OR], 2.525; confidence intervals [CIs], 1.169-5.452; p = 0.018) and ≥ 1 time/week (OR, 2.646; CIs, 1.128-6.208; p = 0.025) than those consuming FF < 1 time/month after the adjustment. The risk of dyslipidemia was also higher in people consuming FF ≥ 1 time/week than those consuming FF < 1 time/month after the adjustment (OR, 2.444; CIs, 1.047-5.704; p = 0.039). Furthermore, among people consuming FF ≥ 1 time/week, irregular breakfast consumers (≤ 2 times/week, n = 215) had significantly higher levels of triglyceride, TC, and LDL-C than regular breakfast consumers (5-6 times/week, n=180). Irregular breakfast consumers also showed a higher risk of dyslipidemia than regular breakfast consumers after the adjustment (OR, 2.913; CIs, 1.463-5.801; p = 0.002). In conclusion, frequent FF consumption increases the risk of obesity and dyslipidemia in Korean adults aged 20-39 years. Particularly among the frequent FF consumers, irregular breakfast intake may contribute to the increased risk of dyslipidemia. It may provide an evidence for proper dietary education to reduce the risk of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia in Koreans adults aged 20-39 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ra Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Institute of Health Insurance and Clinical Research, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Korea
| | - Sockju K. Fogleman
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Meredith College, Raleigh, NC 27607-5298, USA
| | - Hyunyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Divison of Applied Food System, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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Emond JA, Longacre MR, Titus LJ, Hendricks K, Drake KM, Carroll JE, Cleveland LP, Dalton MA. Fast food intake and excess weight gain over a 1-year period among preschool-age children. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12602. [PMID: 32003947 PMCID: PMC7262320 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast food is cross-sectionally associated with having overweight and obesity in young children. OBJECTIVES To examine whether fast food intake independently contributes to the development of overweight and obesity among preschool-age children. METHODS Prospective cohort of 3- to 5-year-old children (n = 541) followed for 1 year. Children's height and weight were objectively measured at baseline and study end. Parents reported their child's fast food intake frequency in the past week from 11 chain fast food restaurants in six online follow-up surveys, completed approximately 8 weeks apart. Poisson regression with robust standard errors modelled the risk of a child increasing in weight status (ie, transitioning from a having a healthy weight to having overweight or from having overweight to having obesity) over the study period in relation to their average weekly fast food intake, adjusted for sociodemographics, child obesogenic behaviours, and parent weight status. RESULTS At baseline, 18.1% of children had overweight and 9.8% had obesity; 8.1% of children transitioned to a greater weight status over the 1-year period. Mean fast food intake frequency among consumers was 2.1 (SD: 1.4) times per week. The risk of increasing in weight status increased linearly with each additional time fast food was consumed in an average week over the study year (RR: 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.67; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Greater fast food intake over 1 year was associated with increasing weight status during that time in this preschool-age cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Meghan R. Longacre
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Linda J. Titus
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kristy Hendricks
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Keith M. Drake
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jennifer E. Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Lauren P. Cleveland
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeline A. Dalton
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Azemati B, Kelishadi R, Ahadi Z, Shafiee G, Taheri M, Ziaodini H, Qorbani M, Heshmat R. Association between junk food consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents population: the CASPIAN-V study. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:329-335. [PMID: 30311074 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Only a few studies have attempted to assess the relationship between junk food consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian children and adolescents; therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the association between junk food intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 14,400 students were selected from 30 provinces of Iran using multistage, stratified cluster sampling method. Information about student's lifestyle, health behaviors and health status was obtained through a validated questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured and anthropometric indices were calculated. Blood samples were drawn from 3,303 students for biochemical tests. In our study, sugar-sweetened beverages, salty snacks, sweets and fast foods were considered as junk foods. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 12.42 ± 2.97 years. Those with metabolic syndrome were more likely to live in urban areas (P = 0.004) and have higher BMI (P < 0.0001). Junk food intake was not related to metabolic syndrome; however, it was associated with increased odds of high BP (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09, 1.39), high SBP (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09, 1.75), and high DBP (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35), overweight (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08, 1.39) and excess weight (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04, 1.25). CONCLUSIONS Junk food consumption plays an important role in childhood overweight and is related to high blood pressure in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Azemati
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Next to Shariati Hospital, Jalal Al Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713136, Iran
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Next to Shariati Hospital, Jalal Al Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713136, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Next to Shariati Hospital, Jalal Al Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713136, Iran
| | - MajZoubeh Taheri
- Office of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Health Psychology Department, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Next to Shariati Hospital, Jalal Al Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713136, Iran.
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The Frequency of Fast Food Consumption in Relation to Wheeze and Asthma Among Adolescents in Gauteng and North West Provinces, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061994. [PMID: 32197353 PMCID: PMC7143251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases have been on the rise, especially in developing countries due to life-style changes. The study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of fast food consumption with wheeze and asthma among adolescents. A previously validated self-completed questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was used to collect information on demographics, socioeconomic status, house characteristics, adolescent respiratory health and diet. The prevalence of wheeze was 38.2% and of asthma was 16.37% among the adolescents. The results from the adjusted regression analyses indicated that eating fast foods three or more times per week was a statistically significant risk factor for wheeze (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.26–2.03) and asthma (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04–1.91). The study found an association between eating fast foods three or more times per week and wheeze and asthma among adolescents in South Africa. Unhealthy diet plays a crucial role in respiratory health among adolescents; healthy eating habits are encouraged to reduce the burden of respiratory symptoms and diseases.
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Factors associated with frequent consumption of fast food among Australian secondary school students. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1340-1349. [PMID: 32172726 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine demographic and behavioural correlates of frequent consumption of fast food among Australian secondary school students and explore the associations between fast food consumption and social/environmental factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey using a web-based self-report questionnaire. SETTING Secondary schools across all Australian states and territories. PARTICIPANTS Students aged 12-17 years participating in the 2012-2013 National Secondary Students' Diet and Activity survey (n 8392). RESULTS Overall, 38 % of students surveyed reported consuming fast food at least weekly. Being male, residing in lower socio-economic areas and metropolitan locations, having more weekly spending money and working at a fast food outlet were all independently associated with consuming fast food once a week or more, as were several unhealthy eating (low vegetable intake and high sugary drink and snack food intake) and leisure (low physical activity and higher commercial television viewing) behaviours and short sleep duration. Frequent fast food consumption and measured weight status were unrelated. Students who agreed they go to fast food outlets with their family and friends were more likely to report consuming fast food at least weekly, as were those who usually 'upsize' their fast food meals and believe fast food is good value for money. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that frequent fast food consumption clusters with other unhealthy behaviours. Policy and educational interventions that reach identified at-risk groups are needed to reduce adolescent fast food consumption at the population level. Policies placing restrictions on the portion sizes of fast food may also help adolescents limit their intake.
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The Role of Parents and Children in Meal Selection and Consumption in Quick Service Restaurants. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030735. [PMID: 32168812 PMCID: PMC7146225 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Children regularly consume foods from quick service restaurants (QSRs) in the United States, but little is known about how ordering decisions are made and the impact on selection and consumption. A total of n = 218 parents dining with a child (ages 4–16 years) inside a participating QSR completed interviews and demographic surveys and provided their child’s leftover foods at the end of the meal. Children’s meal consumption was measured using plate-waste methodology. The majority of children selected their meal without parental involvement (80%) and decided what to order prior to entering the QSR (63%). Using mixed-model analysis of variance, children selected and consumed significantly fewer calories and less total fat and sodium when a parent ordered the meal compared with when the child ordered the meal alone. There were no significant differences in selection or consumption when a parent and child ordered the meal together. Approximately one-third of the children consumed foods that were shared. In conclusion, because children primarily select foods without parental involvement and prior to entering QSRs, innovative strategies are needed to influence ordering decisions inside QSRs toward healthier options. Additionally, because food is frequently shared, policies that only focus on children’s menus may not be as effective in impacting children’s dietary intake.
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Dunn CG, Wilcox S, Bernhart JA, Blake CE, Kaczynski AT, Turner-McGrievy GM. Church Leaders' Views of Obesity Prevention Efforts for Children and Youth. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:259-269. [PMID: 31677941 PMCID: PMC7064414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine church leaders' views on the role of faith-based organizations in promoting healthy eating and physical activity in children. DESIGN Qualitative research using semi-structured in-depth interviews. SETTING South Carolina. PARTICIPANTS Leaders (n = 26) from United Methodist churches (n = 20). PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Perceptions of health promotion efforts for children in faith-based settings, including primary health concerns, perceived opportunities, partnerships, and the relationship of these efforts to the overall church mission. ANALYSIS Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using a constant comparative method. RESULTS Five themes emerged related to (1) multiple concerns about health issues facing children; (2) existing church structures influencing health behaviors; (3) potential partnerships to address children's health; (4) importance of role models; and (5) the need for a tailored approach. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Church leaders viewed childhood health behaviors as an important area of concern for the church and identified links between physical and spiritual health. They identified multiple existing and potential organizational and community structures as important in improving healthy eating and physical activity. Faith-based organizations can play an important role in developing and delivering health programming for children but desired assistance through partnerships with subject matter experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Glagola Dunn
- Department of Health Policy Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC; Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - John A Bernhart
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC; Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Christine E Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Gabrielle M Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
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Partridge SR, Raeside R, Singleton AC, Hyun K, Latham Z, Grunseit A, Steinbeck K, Chow C, Redfern J. Text Message Behavioral Intervention for Teens on Eating, Physical Activity and Social Wellbeing (TEXTBITES): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e16481. [PMID: 32130194 PMCID: PMC7055806 DOI: 10.2196/16481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is among the most significant health challenges facing today's adolescents. Weight gain during adolescence is related to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers in later life. Presently, adolescents living in Australia have limited access to age-appropriate obesity prevention services. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate whether a two-way text message program, with optional telephone health counseling, improves body mass index (BMI) z score and lifestyle outcomes in adolescents who are overweight. METHODS This study will be a single-blind randomized controlled trial (N=150) comparing a two-way text message intervention, with optional telephone health counseling, to usual care in adolescents (13-18 years old, inclusive) who are overweight (recruited from a pediatric weight management clinic and the broader community in Sydney, Australia). The intervention group will receive a six-month text message program, which consists of two-way, semipersonalized, lifestyle-focused text messages (four messages/week) in addition to usual care. The control group will be assigned to receive usual care. The study also includes a follow-up at 12-months. The primary outcome is a change in BMI z score at six months. Secondary outcomes are changes in waist-to-height ratio, diet, physical and sedentary activity levels, sleep quality, quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, and eating disorder and depression symptoms. Also, we will examine acceptability, utility, and engagement with the program through a study-specific process evaluation questionnaire, semi-structured telephone interviews, and an analysis of health counselor communication logs. The analyses will be performed by the intention-to-treat principle to assess differences between intervention and control groups. RESULTS The study opened for recruitment in December 2019. Data collection is expected to be completed by December 2021, and the results for the primary outcome are expected to be published in early 2022. CONCLUSIONS This study will test the effectiveness of an interactive two-way text message program compared to usual care in improving BMI z score and lifestyle outcomes in adolescents with overweight. This interactive, innovative, and scalable project also aims to inform future practice and community initiatives to promote obesity prevention behaviors for adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000389101; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377158&isReview=true. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Partridge
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Raeside
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna C Singleton
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karice Hyun
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zoe Latham
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alicia Grunseit
- Department of Weight Management, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clara Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Redfern
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Sigmund E, Sigmundová D, Badura P, Voráčová J, Vladimír H, Hollein T, Pavelka J, Půžová Z, Kalman M. Time-trends and correlates of obesity in Czech adolescents in relation to family socioeconomic status over a 16-year study period (2002-2018). BMC Public Health 2020; 20:229. [PMID: 32054463 PMCID: PMC7020383 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main objective of the study is to analyse the changes in the prevalence of obesity among Czech adolescents between 2002 and 2018 with regard to the socioeconomic status (SES) of adolescents’ families and to find SES-separated correlates of adolescents’ obesity in 2018. Methods A nationally representative sample of 29,879 adolescents (49.6% of them boys) aged 10.5–16.5 years was drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire surveys conducted in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 in Czechia. Chi-square (χ2) tests were performed to assess the changes in the prevalence of obesity in both genders and all SES categories of adolescents between 2002 and 2018, and SES category-related differences in the prevalence of obesity in 2018 separately for boys and girls. A series of multiple stepwise logistic regression (backward elimination) analyses were used to reveal obesity correlates separately for SES categories of adolescents. Results Across the quadrennial surveys from 2002 to 2018, we observed a clear increase in the prevalence of obesity in all SES categories of adolescents, which was most striking (p < 0.05) in adolescents with low SES (boys: + 7.5% points (p.p.); girls + 2.4 p.p.). When all the survey cycles were compared, the highest prevalence of obesity was evident in the low-SES adolescents in 2018, both in girls (5.1%) and boys (12.0%). Regardless of the adolescent SES category, the lower odds of obesity were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with regular vigorous physical activity (PA), participation in organized sport, and daily consumption of sweets. In addition, at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA significantly reduced the odds of obesity in adolescents of low and high SES categories. Conclusions An unreasonable increase in the prevalence of obesity in adolescents with low SES highlights the need to prevent obesity in adolescents with a low-SES background. Additionally, significantly higher odds of obesity in 11- and 13-year-old adolescents from low-SES families, compared with their peers aged 15, indicated an expectable rise in obesity in older low-SES adolescents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sigmund
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Dagmar Sigmundová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Voráčová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hobza Vladimír
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hollein
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavelka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Půžová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalman
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Haidari F, Mohammadshahi M, Abiri B, Zarei M, Fathi M. Cinnamon extract supplementation improves inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide: An experimental animal study. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:243-252. [PMID: 32523879 PMCID: PMC7256275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toxic effects of acrylamide on body organs incline researches to prevent or decrease these effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cinnamon extract (CE) supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two rats were divided into four groups as follow 1) The control group received distilled water, 2) Acrylamide- intoxicated group was administrated with 35 ml/kg/day acrylamide for two weeks, 3) Acrylamide- intoxicated rats treated with CE 250 mg/kg/day for 28 days, and 4) Acrylamide- intoxicated rats treated with CE 500 mg/kg day for 28 days. Fasting blood sample was obtained for subsequent analysis. RESULTS The results showed that acrylamide- intoxicated group had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha, high sensitive C reactive protein, leptin and alanine transaminase (p<0.05 to p<0.01) and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity compared to the control group; whereas, cinnamon extract administration remedied levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha, high sensitive C reactive protein and leptin in the treatment groups, but it did not have a significant effect on adiponectin and liver enzymes (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that cinnamon extract may potentially be effective as a dietary source of bioactive compounds for managing acrylamide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center,Department of Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fathi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: 09106031053, Fax: 06133738330,
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Nogueira LR, Fontanelli MDM, Aguiar BSD, Failla MA, Florindo AA, Leme AC, Barbosa JPDAS, Fisberg RM. Is the local food environment associated with excess body weight in adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil? CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00048619. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00048619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesogenic environment stimulates an inadequate diet by hampering healthy choices. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between the local food environment and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample population of adolescents living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using multilevel logistic regression models. Among the adolescents, 29.6% were overweight/obese. There were no significant differences between food environment and adolescents’ weight status. However, the presence of fast food restaurants near their home increased the chances of being overweight or obese (OR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.02-6.27). Results suggest the need to intensify food and nutrition policies, development of culinary skills, and the reduction in prices of healthy foods to facilitate access to these foods, so that adolescents have options in locations to socialize with friends and family.
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Scott B, Bolton KA, Strugnell C, Allender S, Marks J. Weight status and obesity-related dietary behaviours among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children in Victoria, Australia. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:511. [PMID: 31870329 PMCID: PMC6927118 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In developed economies, obesity prevalence is high within children from some culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. This study aims to identify whether CALD groups in Victoria, Australia, are at increased risk of childhood overweight and obesity, and obesity-related dietary behaviours; compared to their non-CALD counterparts. Methods Objective anthropometric and self-report dietary behavioural data were collected from 2407 Grade 4 and 6 primary school children (aged 9–12 years). Children were categorised into CALD and non-CALD cultural groups according to the Australian Standard Classification of Languages. Overweight/obesity was defined according to the World Health Organization growth reference standards. Obesity-related dietary behaviour categories included excess consumption of takeaway foods, energy-dense, nutrient-poor snacks and sugar sweetened beverages. T-tests and chi-square tests were performed to identify differences in weight status and dietary behaviours between CALD and non-CALD children. Logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between CALD background, weight status and dietary behaviours. Results Middle-Eastern children had a higher overweight/obesity prevalence (53.0%) than non-CALD children (36.7%; p < 0.001). A higher proportion of Middle-Eastern children had excess consumption of takeaway foods (54.9%), energy-dense, nutrient-poor snacks (36.6%) and sugar sweetened beverages (35.4%) compared to non-CALD children (40.4, 27.0 and 25.0%, respectively; p < 0.05). Southeast Asian and African children were 1.58 (95% CI = [1.06, 2.35]) and 1.61 (95% CI = [1.17, 2.21]) times more likely, respectively, to consume takeaway foods at least once per week than non-CALD children. Conclusions Disparities in overweight/obesity prevalence and obesity-related dietary behaviours among children in Victoria suggest the need for cultural-specific, tailored prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Scott
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy A Bolton
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Marks
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute of Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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