1
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Lomeli C. S, Kristin B. A. Epigenetic regulation of craniofacial development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2271. [PMID: 37964651 PMCID: PMC10872612 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of the craniofacial complex relies on proper neural crest development. The gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and signaling pathways orchestrating this process have been extensively studied. These GRNs and signaling cascades are tightly regulated as alterations to any stage of neural crest development can lead to common congenital birth defects, including multiple syndromes affecting facial morphology as well as nonsyndromic facial defects, such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Epigenetic factors add a hierarchy to the regulation of transcriptional networks and influence the spatiotemporal activation or repression of specific gene regulatory cascades; however less is known about their exact mechanisms in controlling precise gene regulation. AIMS In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetic factors during neural crest development, specifically during craniofacial development and how compromised activities of these regulators contribute to congenital defects that affect the craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shull Lomeli C.
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Artinger Kristin B.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Li P, Song R, Du Y, Liu H, Li X. Adtrp regulates thermogenic activity of adipose tissue via mediating the secretion of S100b. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:407. [PMID: 35804197 PMCID: PMC11072551 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat to maintain your body temperature in cold conditions. The impaired function of these tissues results in various metabolic diseases in humans and mice. By bioinformatical analyses, we identified a functional thermogenic regulator of adipose tissue, Androgen-dependent tissue factor pathway inhibitor [TFPI]-regulating protein (Adtrp), which was significantly overexpressed in and functionally activated the mature brown/beige adipocytes. Hereby, we knocked out Adtrp in mice which led to multiple abnormalities in thermogenesis, metabolism, and maturation of brown/beige adipocytes causing excess lipid accumulation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cold intolerance. The capability of thermogenesis in brown/beige adipose tissues could be recovered in Adtrp KO mice upon direct β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) stimulation by CL316,243 treatment. Our mechanistic studies revealed that Adtrp by binding to S100 calcium-binding protein b (S100b) indirectly mediated the secretion of S100b, which in turn promoted the β3-AR mediated thermogenesis via sympathetic innervation. These results may provide a novel insight into Adtrp in metabolism via regulating the differentiation and thermogenesis of adipose tissues in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Runjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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3
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Ha N, Sun J, Bian Q, Wu D, Wang X. Hdac4 Regulates the Proliferation of Neural Crest-Derived Osteoblasts During Murine Craniofacial Development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819619. [PMID: 35242053 PMCID: PMC8886889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development involves the regulation of a compendium of transcription factors, signaling molecules, and epigenetic regulators. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis across a wide range of tissues, including the brain and the cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal systems. However, the functional role of Hdac4 during craniofacial development remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of knocking out Hdac4 on craniofacial skeletal development by conditionally disrupting the Hdac4 gene in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) using Cre-mediated recombination. Mice deficient for Hdac4 in CNCC-derived osteoblasts demonstrated a dramatic decrease in frontal bone formation. In vitro, pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells) lacking Hdac4 exhibited reduced proliferative activity in association with the dysregulation of cell cycle-related genes. These findings suggested that Hdac4 acts, at least in part, as a regulator of craniofacial skeletal development by positively regulating the proliferation of CNCC-derived osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Ha
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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4
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Jaruga A, Ksiazkiewicz J, Kuzniarz K, Tylzanowski P. Orofacial Cleft and Mandibular Prognathism-Human Genetics and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020953. [PMID: 35055138 PMCID: PMC8779325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many complex molecular interactions are involved in the process of craniofacial development. Consequently, the network is sensitive to genetic mutations that may result in congenital malformations of varying severity. The most common birth anomalies within the head and neck are orofacial clefts (OFCs) and prognathism. Orofacial clefts are disorders with a range of phenotypes such as the cleft of the lip with or without cleft palate and isolated form of cleft palate with unilateral and bilateral variations. They may occur as an isolated abnormality (nonsyndromic-NSCLP) or coexist with syndromic disorders. Another cause of malformations, prognathism or skeletal class III malocclusion, is characterized by the disproportionate overgrowth of the mandible with or without the hypoplasia of maxilla. Both syndromes may be caused by the presence of environmental factors, but the majority of them are hereditary. Several mutations are linked to those phenotypes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the genetics of those phenotypes and describe genotype-phenotype correlations. We then present the animal models used to study these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaruga
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Ksiazkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Krystian Kuzniarz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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5
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Seelan RS, Pisano MM, Greene RM. MicroRNAs as epigenetic regulators of orofacial development. Differentiation 2022; 124:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Insights into the Functional Role of ADTRP (Androgen-Dependent TFPI-Regulating Protein) in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094451. [PMID: 33923232 PMCID: PMC8123165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel protein ADTRP, identified and described by us in 2011, is androgen-inducible and regulates the expression and activity of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor, the major inhibitor of the Tissue Factor-dependent pathway of coagulation on endothelial cells. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADTRP associate with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, and deep vein thrombosis/venous thromboembolism. Some athero-protective effects of androgen could exert through up-regulation of ADTRP expression. We discovered a critical role of ADTRP in vascular development and vessel integrity and function, manifested through Wnt signaling-dependent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. ADTRP also hydrolyses fatty acid esters of hydroxy-fatty acids, which have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects and can control metabolic disorders. Here we summarize and analyze the knowledge on ADTRP and try to decipher its functions in health and disease.
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7
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Huang X, Chen Q, Luo W, Pakvasa M, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Li S, Yang Z, Zeng H, Liang F, Zhang F, Hu DA, Qin KH, Wang EJ, Qin DS, Reid RR, He TC, Athiviraham A, El Dafrawy M, Zhang H. SATB2: A versatile transcriptional regulator of craniofacial and skeleton development, neurogenesis and tumorigenesis, and its applications in regenerative medicine. Genes Dis 2020; 9:95-107. [PMID: 35005110 PMCID: PMC8720659 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SATB2 (special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2) is a member of the special AT-rich binding protein family. As a transcription regulator, SATB2 mainly integrates higher-order chromatin organization. SATB2 expression appears to be tissue- and stage-specific, and is governed by several cellular signaling molecules and mediators. Expressed in branchial arches and osteoblast-lineage cells, SATB2 plays a significant role in craniofacial pattern and skeleton development. In addition to regulating osteogenic differentiation, SATB2 also displays versatile functions in neural development and cancer progression. As an osteoinductive factor, SATB2 holds great promise in improving bone regeneration toward bone defect repair. In this review, we have summarized our current understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of SATB2 in craniofacial and skeleton development, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Qiuman Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Liwen Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Zhuohui Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Fang Liang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel A Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin H Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric J Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David S Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mostafa El Dafrawy
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, PR China
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8
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Reynolds K, Zhang S, Sun B, Garland MA, Ji Y, Zhou CJ. Genetics and signaling mechanisms of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1588-1634. [PMID: 32666711 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development involves several complex tissue movements including several fusion processes to form the frontonasal and maxillary structures, including the upper lip and palate. Each of these movements are controlled by many different factors that are tightly regulated by several integral morphogenetic signaling pathways. Subject to both genetic and environmental influences, interruption at nearly any stage can disrupt lip, nasal, or palate fusion and result in a cleft. Here, we discuss many of the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the presentation of orofacial clefts in patients, and several of the key signaling pathways and underlying cellular mechanisms that control lip and palate formation, as identified primarily through investigating equivalent processes in animal models, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California; University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California; University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California; University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California; University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California; University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California; University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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9
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Torroglosa A, Villalba-Benito L, Luzón-Toro B, Fernández RM, Antiñolo G, Borrego S. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Hirschsprung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133123. [PMID: 31247956 PMCID: PMC6650840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, OMIM 142623) is due to a failure of enteric precursor cells derived from neural crest (EPCs) to proliferate, migrate, survive or differentiate during Enteric Nervous System (ENS) formation. This is a complex process which requires a strict regulation that results in an ENS specific gene expression pattern. Alterations at this level lead to the onset of neurocristopathies such as HSCR. Gene expression is regulated by different mechanisms, such as DNA modifications (at the epigenetic level), transcriptional mechanisms (transcription factors, silencers, enhancers and repressors), postranscriptional mechanisms (3′UTR and ncRNA) and regulation of translation. All these mechanisms are finally implicated in cell signaling to determine the migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival processes for correct ENS development. In this review, we have performed an overview on the role of epigenetic mechanisms at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels on these cellular events in neural crest cells (NCCs), ENS development, as well as in HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torroglosa
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Leticia Villalba-Benito
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Berta Luzón-Toro
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Raquel María Fernández
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Antiñolo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain.
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10
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Gao Y, Zang Q, Song H, Fu S, Sun W, Zhang W, Wang X, Li Y, Jiao X. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of non‑coding RNAs in peripheral blood and ceRNA regulatory networks in non‑syndromic orofacial clefts. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:513-528. [PMID: 31115538 PMCID: PMC6579990 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC), which include cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO), are common congenital birth defects in humans. Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play important roles in NSOC; however, the potential regulatory associations between them remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify transcriptome profiles, including mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs, in patients with CL/P and CPO. A total of 36 lncRNAs, 1,341 mRNAs and 60 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the CL/P group compared to the control group, and 57 lncRNAs, 1,255 mRNAs and 162 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the CPO group compared to the control group. Subsequently, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to validate the expression of selected lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. In addition, bioinformatics methods were employed to explore the potential functions of ncRNAs and to construct lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively analyze regulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CL/P and CPO, providing a novel perspective on the etiology of NSOC and laying the foundation for future research into the potential regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs and mRNAs in NSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Gao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qiguang Zang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Song
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Jiao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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11
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Kikuiri T, Mishima H, Imura H, Suzuki S, Matsuzawa Y, Nakamura T, Fukumoto S, Yoshimura Y, Watanabe S, Kinoshita A, Yamada T, Shindoh M, Sugita Y, Maeda H, Yawaka Y, Mikoya T, Natsume N, Yoshiura KI. Patients with SATB2-associated syndrome exhibiting multiple odontomas. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2614-2622. [PMID: 30575289 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2)-associated syndrome (SAS) is characterized by alterations of SATB2. Its clinical features include intellectual disability and craniofacial abnormalities, such as cleft palate, dysmorphic features, and dental abnormalities. Here, we describe three previously undiagnosed, unrelated patients with SAS who exhibited dental abnormalities, including multiple odontomas. Although isolated odontomas are common, multiple odontomas are rare. Individuals in families 1 and 3 underwent whole-exome sequencing. Patient 2 and parents underwent targeted amplicon sequencing. On the basis of the hg19/GRCh37 reference and the RefSeq mRNA NM_001172517, respective heterozygous mutations were found and validated in Patients 1, 2, and 3: a splice-site mutation (chr2:g.200137396C > T, c.1741-1G > A), a nonsense mutation (chr2:g.200213750G > A, c.847C > T, p.R283*), and a frame-shift mutations (chr2:g.200188589_200188590del, c.1478_1479del, p.Q493Rfs*19). All mutations occurred de novo. The mutations in Patients 1 and 3 were novel; the mutation in Patient 2 has been described previously. Tooth mesenchymal cells derived from Patient 2 showed diminished SATB2 expression. Multiple odontomas were evident in the patients in this report; however, this has not been recognized previously as a SAS-associated phenotype. We propose that multiple odontomas be considered as an occasional manifestation of SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kikuiri
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Persons, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideto Imura
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yoshimura
- Department of Molecular Cell Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Kinoshita
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shindoh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Tenshi College School of Nursing and Nutrition, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yawaka
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Persons, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mikoya
- Center for Advanced Oral Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nagato Natsume
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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12
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Shu X, Cheng H, Shu S, Tang S, Li K, Dong Z. Correlation between HDAC4 enhancer DNA methylation and mRNA expression during palatal fusion induced by all-trans retinoic acid. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9967-9973. [PMID: 30155966 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of the medial edge epithelium is the most crucial process in embryonic palatal fusion. This study aimed to explore the relationship and potential mechanism between enhancer DNA methylation and mRNA expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) during palatal fusion induced by maternal exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Pregnant mice were administered ATRA (70 mg/kg) by gavage at embryonic gestation day 10.5 (E10.5) to establish a cleft palate (CP) model in C57BL/6J mice. Control groups were given an equivalent volume of corn oil. Pregnant mice were dissected at E14.5 (n = 6) to obtain embryonic palates. HDAC4 enhancer DNA methylation data were obtained from a previous MethylRAD-seq. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and real-time quantitative PCR were used to quantify enhancer methylation and the mRNA expression level of HDAC4. Enhancer DNA methylation at a non-CpG site within the HDAC4 gene was hyper-methylated at E14.5 (P: 0.011, log2 FC:1.67). The MSP results indicated a similar trend, in agreement with the MethylRAD-seq results. The change in the HDAC4 expression level was negatively correlated with its enhancer DNA methylation level, at the non-CpG site, during palatal fusion induced by ATRA. Enhancer DNA methylation of HDAC4 might play an important regulatory role during palatogenesis, especially in embryonic palatal fusion at E 14.5, and may facilitate the development of novel epigenetic biomarkers in the treatment of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongqiu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shenyou Shu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zejun Dong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Shu X, Shu S, Zhai Y, Zhu L, Ouyang Z. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profile of Gene cis-Acting Element Methylations in All-trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Mouse Cleft Palate. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:993-1002. [PMID: 30277813 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation epigenetically regulates gene expression. This study is aimed to investigate genome-wide DNA methylations involved in the regulation of palatal fusion in the all-trans retinoic acid-induced mouse cleft palate model. There were 4,718,556 differentially CCGG methylated sites and 367,504 CCWGG methylated sites for 1497 genes between case and control embryonic mouse palatal tissues. The enhancers (HDAC4 and SMAD3) and promoter (MID1) of these three genes had cis-acting element methylation. HDAC4 is localized within the CCWGG, while MID1 and SMAD3 are localized within the CCGG of the gene intron. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction data confirmed the MethylRAD-seq results, while the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction result showed that changes in gene expression inversely were associated with the cis-acting element methylation of the gene during retinoic acid-induced palatal fusion. The GO and KEGG data showed that these three genes could regulate cell proliferation, skeletal muscle fiber development, and development-related gene signaling or activity. The cis-acting element methylation of HDAC4, SMAD3, and MID1 may play a regulatory role during palatal fusion. Further research is needed to verify these novel epigenetic biomarkers for cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shu
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, China
| | - Shenyou Shu
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhai
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, China
| | - Zhan Ouyang
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou, China
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Gurramkonda VB, Syed AH, Murthy J, Lakkakula BV. IRF6 rs2235375 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with isolated non-syndromic cleft palate but not with cleft lip with or without palate in South Indian population. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 84:473-477. [PMID: 28712851 PMCID: PMC9449191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcription factors are very diverse family of proteins involved in activating or repressing the transcription of a gene at a given time. Several studies using animal models demonstrated the role of transcription factor genes in craniofacial development. Objective We aimed to investigate the association of IRF6 intron-6 polymorphism in the non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate in a South Indian population. Methods 173 unrelated nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate patients and 176 controls without clefts patients were genotyped for IRF6 rs2235375 variant by allele-specific amplification using the KASPar single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping system. The association between interferon regulatory factor-6 gene intron-6 dbSNP208032210:g.G>C (rs2235375) single nucleotide polymorphism and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate risk was investigated by chi-square test. Results There were significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies of rs2235375 single nucleotide polymorphism between controls and cases with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate. IRF6 rs2235375 variant was significantly associated with increased risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate in co-dominant, dominant (OR: 1.19; 95% CI 1.03–2.51; p = 0.034) and allelic models (OR: 1.40; 95% CI 1.04–1.90; p = 0.028). When subset analysis was applied significantly increased risk was observed in cleft palate only group (OR dominant: 4.33; 95% CI 1.44–12.97; p = 0.005). Conclusion These results suggest that IRF6 rs2235375 SNP play a major role in the pathogenesis and risk of developing non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate.
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15
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Salivary microRNAs as new molecular markers in cleft lip and palate: a new frontier in molecular medicine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18929-18938. [PMID: 29721173 PMCID: PMC5922367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs of about twenty-two nucleotides that regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional control. The purpose of the present study was to identify and describe the salivary miRNAs in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients comparing them with a control healthy group. Twelve patients (mean age 11.9 ± 2.42 years; 6M/6F) formed the study group. The control group was created selecting twelve healthy subjects matched for age and sex with study group. We recorded differences in miRNA expression profile between the saliva of CLP patients and the control group. Specifically, miR-141, miR-223, and miR-324-3p were mostly deregulated between the study and control groups. Interestingly, these three miRNAs are the regulators of the following genes correlated to cleft palate and lip development: MTHFR, SATB2, PVRL1. The present study showed that collecting saliva samples is a non-invasive procedure and is well accepted by CLP patients. MiRNAs can be easily isolated and identified. The differences in regulation of miR-141, miR-223 and miR-324-3p between the two groups of salivary samples suggest that these molecules are valid prognostic biomarkers and therapy dynamic response indicators, also for the accuracy and non-invasive sampling and dosing system.
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Duncan KM, Mukherjee K, Cornell RA, Liao EC. Zebrafish models of orofacial clefts. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:897-914. [PMID: 28795449 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a model organism that affords experimental advantages toward investigating the normal function of genes associated with congenital birth defects. Here we summarize zebrafish studies of genes implicated in orofacial cleft (OFC). The most common use of zebrafish in this context has been to explore the normal function an OFC-associated gene product in craniofacial morphogenesis by inhibiting expression of its zebrafish ortholog. The most frequently deployed method has been to inject embryos with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides targeting the desired transcript. However, improvements in targeted mutagenesis strategies have led to widespread adoption of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. A second application of zebrafish has been for functional assays of gene variants found in OFC patients; such in vivo assays are valuable because the success of in silico methods for testing allele severity has been mixed. Finally, zebrafish have been used to test the tissue specificity of enhancers that harbor single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with risk for OFC. We review examples of each of these approaches in the context of genes that are implicated in syndromic and non-syndromic OFC. Developmental Dynamics 246:897-914, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylia M Duncan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kusumika Mukherjee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Messetti AC, Machado RA, de Oliveira CE, Martelli-Júnior H, de Almeida Reis SR, Moreira HSB, Persuhn DC, Wu T, Coletta RD. Brazilian multicenter study of association between polymorphisms in CRISPLD2 and JARID2 and non-syndromic oral clefts. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:232-239. [PMID: 27328068 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2 gene (CRISPLD2) and in the jumonji, AT-rich interaction domain 2 gene (JARID2) were previously shown to influence non-syndromic oral cleft susceptibility. Herein, we performed a case-control study to examine the potential association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CRISPLD2 and JARID2 with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Brazilian population. Given the ethnicity-dependent genetic predisposition to NSCL/P, we performed a structured analysis taking into account the genomic ancestry variation of each individual. METHODS Four SNPs in CRISPLD2 (rs1546124, rs8061351, rs2326398, and rs4783099) and four in JARID2 (rs915344, rs2299043, rs2237138, and rs2076056), that were previously reported to be associated with NSCL/P, were genotyped in 785 Brazilian patients with NSCL/P (549 with cleft lip with or without cleft palate-NSCL ± P, and 236 with cleft palate only-NSCPO) and 693 unaffected Brazilian controls. Genomic ancestry was assessed with a set of 40 biallelic short insertion/deletion variants previously validated as ancestry informative markers of the Brazilian population. RESULTS After adjustment of ancestry variations, allelic analysis revealed marginal associations between the CRISPLD2 rs4783099 T allele and increased risk for NSCPO (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.62, P = 0.01) and between JARID2 rs2237138 and decreased NSCL ± P risk (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97, P = 0.02). Haplotype analysis indicated a lack of association between JARID2 haplotypes and non-syndromic oral cleft risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CRISPLD2 rs4783099 may represent a risk factor for NSCPO while JARID2 rs2237138 shows a protective effect against NSCL ± P in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camila Messetti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Assis Machado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hercílio Martelli-Júnior
- Stomatology Clinic, Dental School, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Center for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Dental School, University of José Rosario Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Tao Wu
- Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Torroglosa A, Alves MM, Fernández RM, Antiñolo G, Hofstra RM, Borrego S. Epigenetics in ENS development and Hirschsprung disease. Dev Biol 2016; 417:209-16. [PMID: 27321561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, OMIM 142623) is a neurocristopathy caused by a failure of the enteric nervous system (ENS) progenitors derived from neural crest cells (NCCs), to migrate, proliferate, differentiate or survive to and within the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in aganglionosis in the distal colon. The formation of the ENS is a complex process, which is regulated by a large range of molecules and signalling pathways involving both the NCCs and the intestinal environment. This tightly regulated process needs correct regulation of the expression of ENS specific genes. Alterations in the expression of these genes can have dramatic consequences. Several mechanisms that control the expression of genes have been described, such as DNA modification (epigenetic mechanisms), regulation of transcription (transcription factor, enhancers, repressors and silencers), post-transcriptional regulation (3'UTR and miRNAs) and regulation of translation. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic DNA modifications that have been described so far in the context of the ENS development. Moreover we describe the changes that are found in relation to the onset of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torroglosa
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - M M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - G Antiñolo
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - R M Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - S Borrego
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain.
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Association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs2076185 in chromosome 6P24.1 with premature coronary artery diseases in Chinese Han population. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2016; 13:138-44. [PMID: 27168739 PMCID: PMC4854952 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2076185 in chromosome 6p24.1 with the premature coronary artery diseases (PCAD) in Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 1382 patients were divided into the PCAD group and the control group based on their coronary arteriography (CAG) results. Their SNP rs2076185 were analyzed by the mass-spectrometry. Their allele and genotype frequency in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were calculated for assessment. Logistic regression was employed to remove confounding factors and correlate SNP rs2076185 with PCAD. RESULTS The allele and genotype frequencies of the control group were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The frequencies of allele G of rs2076185 were 54.2% in the PCAD group and 49.5% in the control group. The difference was significant (P = 0.042). The genotype distribution of rs2076185 of the two groups was also significantly different. The univariate analysis showed that the rs2076185 polymorphisms were associated with the PCAD only in the additive model (OR: 0.828, 95% CI: 0.711-0.964, P = 0.014), and in the dominant model (OR: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.591-0.958, P = 0.021). After removing the confounding variables, the rs2076185 polymorphisms was associated with PCAD in the additive model (OR: 0.775, 95% CI: 0.648-0.928, P = 0.005), in the dominant model (OR: 0.698, 95% CI: 0.527-0.925, P = 0.012), and in the recessive model (OR: 0.804, 95% CI: 0.538-0.983, P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Allele G of rs2076185 reduces the PCAD risks in Chinese Han population, therefore it could be a coronary artery diseases protective factor in Chinese Han population.
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Individual risk alleles of susceptibility to schizophrenia are associated with poor clinical and social outcomes. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:329-34. [PMID: 26674612 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with schizophrenia have poor clinical and social outcomes. Some risk alleles closely related to the onset of schizophrenia have been reported to be associated with their clinical phenotypes, but the direct relationship between genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia and clinical/social outcomes of schizophrenia, as evaluated by both practical clinical scales and 'real-world' function, has not been investigated. We evaluated the clinical and social outcomes of 455 Japanese patients with schizophrenia by severity of illness according to the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and social outcomes by social adjustment/maladjustment at 5 years after the first visit. We examined whether 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from a Japanese genome-wide association study of susceptibility to schizophrenia were associated with clinical and social outcomes. We also investigated the polygenic risk scores of 46 SNPs. Allele-wise association analysis detected three SNPs, including rs2623659 in the CUB and Sushi multiple domains-1 (CSMD1) gene, associated with severity of illness at end point. The severity of illness at end point was associated with treatment response, but not with the severity of illness at baseline. Three SNPs, including rs2294424 in the C6orf105 gene, were associated with social outcomes. Point estimates of odds ratios showed positive relationships between polygenic risk scores and clinical/social outcomes; however, the results were not statistically significant. Because these results are exploratory, we need to replicate them with a larger sample in a future study.
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Liu YP, Xu LF, Wang Q, Zhou XL, Zhou JL, Pan C, Zhang JP, Wu QR, Li YQ, Xia YJ, Peng X, Zhang MR, Yu HM, Xu LC. Identification of susceptibility genes in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate using whole-exome sequencing. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e763-70. [PMID: 26449438 PMCID: PMC4670259 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is among the most common congenital malformations. The etiology of NSCL/P remains poorly characterized owing to its complex genetic heterogeneity. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants that increase susceptibility to NSCL/P. Material and Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 8 fetuses with NSCL/P in China. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using commercially available software. Variants detected by WES were validated by Sanger sequencing. Results By filtering out synonymous variants in exons, we identified average 8575 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs). We subsequently compared the SNVs against public databases including NCBI dbSNP build 135 and 1000 Genomes Project and obtained an average of 203 SNVs. Total 12 reported candidate genes were verified by Sanger sequencing. Sanger sequencing also confirmed 16 novel SNVs shared by two or more samples. Conclusions We have found and confirmed 16 susceptibility genes responsible for NSCL/P, which may play important role in the etiology of NSCL/P. The susceptibility genes identified in this study will not only be useful in revealing the etiology of NSCL/P but also in diagnosis and treatment of the patients with NSCL/P. Key words:Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate, whole-exome sequencing, sanger sequencing, susceptibility gene, single nucleotide variants (SNVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Peng Liu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road. Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China,
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SATB2 gene variants in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Indian population. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 5:161-4. [PMID: 26605140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects and little is known about its aetiology. Initial studies of cytogenetic analysis provided the clues for possible genes involved in the pathogenesis of NSCL/P. This approach led to the identification of SATB2 gene on 2q32-q33. The aim of this study was to determine the association between SATB2 mutations and NSCL/P. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rs137853127, rs200074373 and rs1992950 mutations of the SATB2 gene were investigated in 173 patients with NSCL/P and 176 normal controls using Kbioscience KASPar chemistry, which is a competitive allele-specific PCR SNP genotyping system. RESULTS The mutations in exon 6 (rs137853127 and rs200074373) were monomorphic, the intronic variant (rs1992950) was polymorphic and genotype distribution was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The rs1992950 genotype distribution is not statistically significant between NSCL/P and controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the SATB2 gene variations do not contribute to the development of NSCL/P in the south Indian population.
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Epigenetic regulation in neural crest development. Dev Biol 2014; 396:159-68. [PMID: 25446277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a migratory and multipotent cell population that plays a crucial role in many aspects of embryonic development. In all vertebrate embryos, these cells emerge from the dorsal neural tube then migrate long distances to different regions of the body, where they contribute to formation of many cell types and structures. These include much of the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, smooth muscle, and pigmentation of the skin. The best-studied regulatory events guiding neural crest development are mediated by transcription factors and signaling molecules. In recent years, however, growing evidence supports an important role for epigenetic regulation as an additional mechanism for controlling the timing and level of gene expression at different stages of neural crest development. Here, we summarize the process of neural crest formation, with focus on the role of epigenetic regulation in neural crest specification, migration, and differentiation as well as in neural crest related birth defects and diseases.
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Hao Y, Mi N, Jiao X, Zheng X, Song T, Zhuang D, Tian S, Feng D. Association of JARID2 polymorphisms with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in northern Chinese Han population. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:386-91. [PMID: 25155265 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC) are the most common human craniofacial malformation in all worldwide populations. Recently, the jumoji AT-rich interaction domain 2 (JARID2) had been reported to be a novel candidate gene for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). The SNPs rs2076056, rs2237138 and rs2299043 in JARID2 were highly significant in Italian families. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the current research, a case-control study was conducted to examine the association between these three SNPs and NSOC in a northern Chinese Han population. Genotyping of the three SNPs were performed using SNaPshot minisequencing technique. RESULTS Distribution of rs2237138 genotypes in CL/P group was different from those in the control group (P = 0.04), but significant results did not persist after Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple tests. Further logistic regression analysis showed that rs2237138 GG genotypes were associated with decreased CL/P susceptibility (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13-0.84), compared with the AA wild-type homozygote. For the haplotype CGT, a statistically difference was identified between the CL/P group and controls (P = 0.04). And carriers of GAT haplotype were considered to be less frequent among cleft palate only group as compared to controls (P = 0.02). However, both of the haplotypes association did not remain statistically significant after Benjamini and Hochberg FDR correction. CONCLUSION We got a weak association between these polymorphisms and NSOC in both single-marker and haplotype analyses. Our data further strengthen the conclusion that JARID2 polymorphisms are associated with NSOC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Hao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Kamel G, Hoyos T, Rochard L, Dougherty M, Kong Y, Tse W, Shubinets V, Grimaldi M, Liao EC. Requirement for frzb and fzd7a in cranial neural crest convergence and extension mechanisms during zebrafish palate and jaw morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2013; 381:423-33. [PMID: 23806211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of convergence and extension by wnt-frizzled signaling is a common theme in embryogenesis. This study examines the functional requirements of frzb and fzd7a in convergence and extension mechanisms during craniofacial development. Using a morpholino knockdown approach, we found that frzb and fzd7a are dispensable for directed migration of the bilateral trabeculae, but necessary for the convergence and extension of the palatal elements, where the extension process is mediated by chondrocyte proliferation, morphologic change and intercalation. In contrast, frzb and fzd7a are required for convergence of the mandibular prominences, where knockdown of either frzb or fzd7a resulted in complete loss of lower jaw structures. Further, we found that bapx1 was specifically downregulated in the wnt9a/frzb/fzd7a morphants, while general neural crest markers were unaffected. In addition, expression of wnt9a and frzb was also absent in the edn-/- mutant. Notably, over-expression of bapx1 was sufficient to partially rescue mandibular elements in the wnt9a/frzb/fzd7a morphants, demonstrating genetic epistasis of bapx1 acting downstream of edn1 and wnt9a/frzb/fzd7a in lower jaw development. This study underscores the important role of wnt-frizzled signaling in convergence and extension in palate and craniofacial morphogenesis, distinct regulation of upper vs. lower jaw structures, and integration of wnt-frizzled with endothelin signaling to coordinate shaping of the facial form.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kamel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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Strobl-Mazzulla PH, Marini M, Buzzi A. Epigenetic landscape and miRNA involvement during neural crest development. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1849-56. [PMID: 22972707 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent, migratory cell population that arises from the dorsal neural fold of vertebrate embryos. NC cells migrate extensively and differentiate into a variety of tissues, including melanocytes, bone, and cartilage of the craniofacial skeleton, peripheral and enteric neurons, glia, and smooth muscle and endocrine cells. For several years, the gene regulatory network that orchestrates NC cells development has been extensively studied. However, we have recently begun to understand that epigenetic and posttranscriptional regulation, such as miRNAs, plays important roles in NC development. In this review, we focused on some of the most recent findings on chromatin-dependent mechanisms and miRNAs regulation during vertebrate NC cells development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo H Strobl-Mazzulla
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Chascomús, Argentina.
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DeLaurier A, Nakamura Y, Braasch I, Khanna V, Kato H, Wakitani S, Postlethwait JH, Kimmel CB. Histone deacetylase-4 is required during early cranial neural crest development for generation of the zebrafish palatal skeleton. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 12:16. [PMID: 22676467 PMCID: PMC3426487 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase-4 (Hdac4) is a class II histone deacetylase that inhibits the activity of transcription factors. In humans, HDAC4 deficiency is associated with non-syndromic oral clefts and brachydactyly mental retardation syndrome (BDMR) with craniofacial abnormalities. Results We identify hdac4 in zebrafish and characterize its function in craniofacial morphogenesis. The gene is present as a single copy, and the deduced Hdac4 protein sequence shares all known functional domains with human HDAC4. The zebrafish hdac4 transcript is widely present in migratory cranial neural crest (CNC) cells of the embryo, including populations migrating around the eye, which previously have been shown to contribute to the formation of the palatal skeleton of the early larva. Embryos injected with hdac4 morpholinos (MO) have reduced or absent CNC populations that normally migrate medial to the eye. CNC-derived palatal precursor cells do not recover at the post-migratory stage, and subsequently we found that defects in the developing cartilaginous palatal skeleton correlate with reduction or absence of early CNC cells. Palatal skeletal defects prominently include a shortened, clefted, or missing ethmoid plate, and are associated with a shortening of the face of young larvae. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Hdac4 is a regulator of CNC-derived palatal skeletal precursors during early embryogenesis. Cleft palate resulting from HDAC4 mutations in human patients may result from defects in a homologous CNC progenitor cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- April DeLaurier
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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A copy number variation morbidity map of developmental delay. Nat Genet 2011; 43:838-46. [PMID: 21841781 PMCID: PMC3171215 DOI: 10.1038/ng.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 929] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To understand the genetic heterogeneity underlying developmental delay, we compare copy-number variants (CNVs) in 15,767 children with intellectual disability and various congenital defects to 8,329 adult controls. We estimate that ~14.2% of disease in these individuals is due to large CNVs > 400 kbp. We find greater CNV enrichment in patients with craniofacial anomalies and cardiovascular defects than epilepsy or autism. We identify 59 pathogenic CNVs including 14 novel or previously weakly supported candidates. We refine the critical interval for several genomic disorders such as the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome and identify 940 candidate dosage-sensitive genes. We also develop methods to opportunistically discover small, disruptive CNVs within the large and growing diagnostic array datasets. This evolving CNV morbidity map combined with exome/genome sequencing will be critical for deciphering the genetic basis of developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders.
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Yamada K, Iwayama Y, Hattori E, Iwamoto K, Toyota T, Ohnishi T, Ohba H, Maekawa M, Kato T, Yoshikawa T. Genome-wide association study of schizophrenia in Japanese population. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20468. [PMID: 21674006 PMCID: PMC3108953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder with genetically complex traits. Genetic variants should explain a considerable portion of the risk for schizophrenia, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a potentially powerful tool for identifying the risk variants that underlie the disease. Here, we report the results of a three-stage analysis of three independent cohorts consisting of a total of 2,535 samples from Japanese and Chinese populations for searching schizophrenia susceptibility genes using a GWAS approach. Firstly, we examined 115,770 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 120 patient-parents trio samples from Japanese schizophrenia pedigrees. In stage II, we evaluated 1,632 SNPs (1,159 SNPs of p<0.01 and 473 SNPs of p<0.05 that located in previously reported linkage regions). The second sample consisted of 1,012 case-control samples of Japanese origin. The most significant p value was obtained for the SNP in the ELAVL2 [(embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 2] gene located on 9p21.3 (p = 0.00087). In stage III, we scrutinized the ELAVL2 gene by genotyping gene-centric tagSNPs in the third sample set of 293 family samples (1,163 individuals) of Chinese descent and the SNP in the gene showed a nominal association with schizophrenia in Chinese population (p = 0.026). The current data in Asian population would be helpful for deciphering ethnic diversity of schizophrenia etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Hattori
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Martinelli M, Carinci F, Morselli P, Caramelli E, Palmieri A, Girardi A, Riberti C, Scapoli L. Evidence of LEF1 Fetal-Maternal Interaction in Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in a Consistent Italian Sample Study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:15-9. [DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transformation is considered a cardinal process in orofacial development. Several molecular players appear to be involved in this delicate mechanism; the activation of LEF1 transcription factor by transforming growth factor beta 3 seems to be a key step for the correct flow of events. The failure of orofacial processes during embryonic development may provoke cleft lip and/or cleft palate malformations. The scope of the present investigation was to verify whether genetic variants at LEF1 could influence the risk of orofacial clefting. The approach was a family based association study involving a total of 512 Italian patients and their parents, 401 having cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and 111 with cleft palate only (CPO). Haplotype association analysis provided moderate evidence of an association with clefting (p 0.01). A log-linear likelihood-based method was used to verify maternal and foetal-maternal association. An association between the maternal genotype and the occurrence of CL/P was observed at two polymorphic loci, at rs10022956 (P = 0.0049) and rs10025431 (P = 0.0065) respectively, while a foetal-maternal effect modulating the risk of clefting was found at locus rs10025431 (P = 0.0071). These data further corroborate the importance of the mother's genotype with regard to susceptibility to malformations and early-onset diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Martinelli
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Carinci
- Department of D.M.C.C.C., Section of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P.G. Morselli
- University of Bologna - School of Plastic Surgery - Plastic Surgery Unit S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Caramelli
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Palmieri
- Department of D.M.C.C.C., Section of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Girardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Riberti
- Department of D.M.C.C.C., Section of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L. Scapoli
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Jakobsen LP, Bugge M, Ullmann R, Schjerling CK, Borup R, Hansen L, Eiberg H, Tommerup N. 500K SNP array analyses in blood and saliva showed no differences in a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for cleft lip. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:652-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scapoli L, Martinelli M, Pezzetti F, Palmieri A, Girardi A, Savoia A, Bianco AM, Carinci F. Expression and association data strongly support JARID2 involvement in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:794-800. [PMID: 20506229 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) affects approximately 1 in 1,000 births. Genetic studies have provided evidence for the role of several genes and candidate loci in clefting; however, conflicting results have frequently been obtained and much have to be done to unravel the complex genetics of CL/P. In the present investigation we have focused on the candidate region in 6p23, a region that have been found linked to CL/P in several investigations, in the attempt to find out the susceptibility gene provisionally named OFC1. Gene expression experiments in mice embryo of positional candidate genes revealed that JARID2 was highly and specifically expressed in epithelial cells in merging palatal shelves. A family-based linkage disequilibrium study confirmed the pivotal role of JARID2 in orofacial development and strongly supports a role for this gene in CL/P etiology (multiallelic haplotype test P=6 x 10(-5)). Understanding the molecular role of JARID2 within facial development may offer additional information to further unravel the complex genetics of CL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scapoli
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Nitsch D, Gonçalves JP, Ojeda F, de Moor B, Moreau Y. Candidate gene prioritization by network analysis of differential expression using machine learning approaches. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:460. [PMID: 20840752 PMCID: PMC2945940 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discovering novel disease genes is still challenging for diseases for which no prior knowledge - such as known disease genes or disease-related pathways - is available. Performing genetic studies frequently results in large lists of candidate genes of which only few can be followed up for further investigation. We have recently developed a computational method for constitutional genetic disorders that identifies the most promising candidate genes by replacing prior knowledge by experimental data of differential gene expression between affected and healthy individuals. To improve the performance of our prioritization strategy, we have extended our previous work by applying different machine learning approaches that identify promising candidate genes by determining whether a gene is surrounded by highly differentially expressed genes in a functional association or protein-protein interaction network. Results We have proposed three strategies scoring disease candidate genes relying on network-based machine learning approaches, such as kernel ridge regression, heat kernel, and Arnoldi kernel approximation. For comparison purposes, a local measure based on the expression of the direct neighbors is also computed. We have benchmarked these strategies on 40 publicly available knockout experiments in mice, and performance was assessed against results obtained using a standard procedure in genetics that ranks candidate genes based solely on their differential expression levels (Simple Expression Ranking). Our results showed that our four strategies could outperform this standard procedure and that the best results were obtained using the Heat Kernel Diffusion Ranking leading to an average ranking position of 8 out of 100 genes, an AUC value of 92.3% and an error reduction of 52.8% relative to the standard procedure approach which ranked the knockout gene on average at position 17 with an AUC value of 83.7%. Conclusion In this study we could identify promising candidate genes using network based machine learning approaches even if no knowledge is available about the disease or phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nitsch
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT-SCD) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhou J, Nagarkatti PS, Zhong Y, Creek K, Zhang J, Nagarkatti M. Unique SNP in CD44 intron 1 and its role in breast cancer development. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:1263-1272. [PMID: 20530438 PMCID: PMC4138972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated if CD44 polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer. Direct nucleotide sequencing analysis identified a novel and unique single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, designated as CD44 Ex2+14 A>G) in the CD44 intron 1 region in 84% of breast cancer patients, which was significantly higher than that seen in normal donors. Moreover, the breast cancer patients with homozygous unique SNP in CD44 intron 1 had breast cancer at earlier ages, larger tumor burden, more regional lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis, and higher cancer recurrence rate. There was a strong association between the unique SNP in CD44 intron 1 and CD44 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results suggest that CD44 polymorphism is associated with breast cancer development, and CD44 polymorphism analysis may be effectively used in the risk assessment, prediction, prevention, diagnosis and genetic epidemiological analysis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, U.S.A
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, U.S.A
| | - Yin Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, U.S.A
| | - Kim Creek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, U.S.A
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, U.S.A
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, U.S.A
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Baroni T, Bellucci C, Lilli C, Pezzetti F, Carinci F, Lumare E, Palmieri A, Stabellini G, Bodo M. Human cleft lip and palate fibroblasts and normal nicotine-treated fibroblasts show altered in vitro expressions of genes related to molecular signaling pathways and extracellular matrix metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2010; 222:748-56. [PMID: 20020508 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is a frequent craniofacial malformation caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor, due to the teratogenic role of nicotine. To assess and compare the impact of CLP and nicotine, we studied the quantitative expression of genes involved in signaling pathways and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in human normal nicotine-treated (NicN) and CLP fibroblasts compared to normal control (CTRL) cells. Palatal fibroblast cultures from seven CLP children and seven age-matched CTRL subjects were established and subconfluent cells incubated for 24 h without (CTRL and CLP fibroblasts) or with (NicN fibroblasts) 0.6 mM nicotine. Gene expressions were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. For the first time, a regulated cholinergic signaling in our human fibroblasts in vitro was demonstrated. Members of TGF-beta, retinoic acid (RA), and GABA-ergic signaling systems were also differently regulated. Among the ECM genes, fibronectin, syndecan, integrin alpha2, and MMP13 genes were concordantly modulated, while integrin beta5, and decorin genes were discordantly modulated. Interestingly, nicotine treatment regulated gene expressions of CD44 and CLPTM1, two candidate genes for CLP. Our findings show a positive association between nicotine treatment and CLP phenotype. Results suggest that nicotine deranges normal palate development, which might contribute to the development of a CLP malformative phenotype, through the impairment of some important signaling systems and ECM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
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McIntyre GT, Mossey PA. Asymmetry of the craniofacial skeleton in the parents of children with a cleft lip, with or without a cleft palate, or an isolated cleft palate. Eur J Orthod 2010; 32:177-85. [PMID: 20083809 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate asymmetry of the parental craniofacial skeleton of subjects with a cleft lip, with or without cleft palate [CL(P)], and isolated cleft palate (CP). The postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms of 52 parents of children with CL(P) and 40 parents of children with CP from a sample of 196 children with non-syndromic clefts in the west of Scotland were analysed. A conventional cephalometric asymmetry analysis was used to evaluate size-related right:left asymmetry comprising eight linear distances, nine angular, and three facial area measurements. Right:left ratios of the mean values identified the direction of the asymmetry and two-sample t-tests determined statistical significance. A shape-related asymmetry analysis was also undertaken. The configurations of landmarks were optimally superimposed and scaled using Procrustes algorithms. Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) was then compared and the shape of the left and the right landmark configurations were statistically tested using a non-parametric bootstrap technique. For the parents of CL(P) children, size-related asymmetry was identified and the area of the craniofacial polygon was statistically significantly larger on the right than on the left side. EDMA detected the presence of shape-related asymmetry (T statistic = 1.304; P = 0.003). For the parents of CP children, although size-related asymmetry was identified, EDMA did not identify shape-related asymmetry (T statistic = 1.281; P = 0.065). Size and shape directional asymmetries are characteristic features of the parental craniofacial skeleton in CL(P). Although directional size asymmetry is present in the parental craniofacial skeleton in CP, shape asymmetry is not a characteristic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T McIntyre
- Orthodontic Department, University of Dundee Dental Hospital and School, UK.
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Bronner IF, Bochdanovits Z, Rizzu P, Kamphorst W, Ravid R, van Swieten JC, Heutink P. Comprehensive mRNA expression profiling distinguishes tauopathies and identifies shared molecular pathways. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6826. [PMID: 19714246 PMCID: PMC2729393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the aetiologies of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PiD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is often hampered by the considerable clinical and molecular overlap between these diseases and normal ageing. The development of high throughput genomic technologies such as microarrays provide a new molecular tool to gain insight in the complexity and relationships between diseases, as they provide data on the simultaneous activity of multiple genes, gene networks and cellular pathways. Methodology/Principal Findings We have constructed genome wide expression profiles from snap frozen post-mortem tissue from the medial temporal lobe of patients with four neurodegenerative disorders (5 AD, 5 PSP, 5 PiD and 5 FTD patients) and 5 control subjects. All patients were matched for age, gender, ApoE-ε and MAPT (tau) haplotype. From all groups a total of 790 probes were shown to be differently expressed when compared to control individuals. The results from these experiments were then used to investigate the correlations between clinical, pathological and molecular findings. From the 790 identified probes we extracted a gene set of 166 probes whose expression could discriminate between these disorders and normal ageing. Conclusions/Significance From genome wide expression profiles we extracted a gene set of 166 probes whose expression could discriminate between neurological disorders and normal ageing. This gene set can be further developed into an accurate microarray-based classification test. Furthermore, from this dataset we extracted a disease specific set of genes and identified two aging related transcription factors (FOXO1A and FOXO3A) as possible drug targets related to neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraad F. Bronner
- Section Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, and Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Medical Center and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltán Bochdanovits
- Section Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, and Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Medical Center and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- Section Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, and Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Medical Center and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kamphorst
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rivka Ravid
- Netherlands Brain Bank, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Heutink
- Section Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, and Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Medical Center and VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Jugessur A, Shi M, Gjessing HK, Lie RT, Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, Christensen K, Boyles AL, Daack-Hirsch S, Trung TN, Bille C, Lidral AC, Murray JC. Genetic determinants of facial clefting: analysis of 357 candidate genes using two national cleft studies from Scandinavia. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5385. [PMID: 19401770 PMCID: PMC2671138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Facial clefts are common birth defects with a strong genetic component. To identify fetal genetic risk factors for clefting, 1536 SNPs in 357 candidate genes were genotyped in two population-based samples from Scandinavia (Norway: 562 case-parent and 592 control-parent triads; Denmark: 235 case-parent triads). Methodology/Principal Findings We used two complementary statistical methods, TRIMM and HAPLIN, to look for associations across these two national samples. TRIMM tests for association in each gene by using multi-SNP genotypes from case-parent triads directly without the need to infer haplotypes. HAPLIN on the other hand estimates the full haplotype distribution over a set of SNPs and estimates relative risks associated with each haplotype. For isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (I-CL/P), TRIMM and HAPLIN both identified significant associations with IRF6 and ADH1C in both populations, but only HAPLIN found an association with FGF12. For isolated cleft palate (I-CP), TRIMM found associations with ALX3, MKX, and PDGFC in both populations, but only the association with PDGFC was identified by HAPLIN. In addition, HAPLIN identified an association with ETV5 that was not detected by TRIMM. Conclusion/Significance Strong associations with seven genes were replicated in the Scandinavian samples and our approach effectively replicated the strongest previously known association in clefting—with IRF6. Based on two national cleft cohorts of similar ancestry, two robust statistical methods and a large panel of SNPs in the most promising cleft candidate genes to date, this study identified a previously unknown association with clefting for ADH1C and provides additional candidates and analytic approaches to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astanand Jugessur
- Craniofacial Development, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Håkon Kristian Gjessing
- Department of Epidemiology (EPAM), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolv Terje Lie
- Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Allen James Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Clarice Ring Weinberg
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abee Lowman Boyles
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sandra Daack-Hirsch
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Truc Nguyen Trung
- Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Bille
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andrew Carl Lidral
- Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Clark Murray
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Depew MJ, Compagnucci C. Tweaking the hinge and caps: testing a model of the organization of jaws. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2008; 310:315-35. [PMID: 18027841 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Historically, examinations of gnathostome skulls have indicated that for essentially the entirety of their existence, jaws have been characterized by a high degree of fidelity to an initial basic structural design that will then go on to manifest an amazing array of end-point phenotypes. These two traits-bauplan fidelity and elaboration of design-are inter-connected and striking, and beg a number of questions, including: Are all jaws made in the same manner and if not how not? To begin to tackle such questions, we herein operationally define jaws as two appositional, hinged cranial units for which polarity and potential modularity are characteristics, and then address what is necessary for them to form, including delineating both the sources of cells and tissues that will formally yield the jaws as well as what informs their ontogeny (e.g., sources of positional information and factors directing the interpretation of developmental cues). Following on this, we briefly describe a predictive, testable model of jaw development (the "Hinge and Caps" model) and present evidence that the Satb2+cell population in the developing jaw primordia of mice defines a developmentally and evolutionarily significant jaw module such as would be predicted by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Depew
- Department of Craniofacial Development, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Duration of chronic inflammation alters gene expression in muscle from untreated girls with juvenile dermatomyositis. BMC Immunol 2008; 9:43. [PMID: 18671865 PMCID: PMC2529263 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-9-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the impact of the duration of chronic inflammation on gene expression in skeletal muscle biopsies (MBx) from untreated children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and identify genes and biological processes associated with the disease progression, expression profiling data from 16 girls with active symptoms of JDM greater than or equal to 2 months were compared with 3 girls with active symptoms less than 2 months. Results Seventy-nine genes were differentially expressed between the groups with long or short duration of untreated disease. Genes involved in immune responses and vasculature remodelling were expressed at a higher level in muscle biopsies from children with greater or equal to 2 months of symptoms, while genes involved in stress responses and protein turnover were expressed at a lower level. Among the 79 genes, expression of 9 genes showed a significant linear regression relationship with the duration of untreated disease. Five differentially expressed genes – HLA-DQA1, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, clusterin, plexin D1 and tenomodulin – were verified by quantitative RT-PCR. The chronic inflammation of longer disease duration was also associated with increased DC-LAMP+ and BDCA2+ mature dendritic cells, identified by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion We conclude that chronic inflammation alters the gene expression patterns in muscle of untreated children with JDM. Symptoms lasting greater or equal to 2 months were associated with dendritic cell maturation and anti-angiogenic vascular remodelling, directly contributing to disease pathophysiology.
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Leoyklang P, Suphapeetiporn K, Siriwan P, Desudchit T, Chaowanapanja P, Gahl WA, Shotelersuk V. Heterozygous nonsense mutation SATB2 associated with cleft palate, osteoporosis, and cognitive defects. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:732-8. [PMID: 17377962 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies of human chromosomal aberrations and knockout (KO) mice have suggested SATB2 as a candidate gene for a human malformation syndrome of craniofacial patterning and brain development. Of 59 unrelated patients with craniofacial dysmorphism, with or without mental retardation, one 36-year-old man had a nonsynonymous mutation in SATB2. The affected individual exhibited craniofacial dysmorphisms including cleft palate, generalized osteoporosis, profound mental retardation, epilepsy and a jovial personality. He carries a de novo germline nonsense mutation (c.715C>T, p.R239X) in the exon 6 of SATB2. Expression studies showed that the mutant RNA was stable, expected to produce a truncated protein predicted to retain its dimerization domain and exert a dominant negative effect. This new syndrome is the first determined to result from mutation of a gene within the family that encodes nuclear matrix-attachment region (MAR) proteins.
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Handrigan GR, Buchtová M, Richman JM. Gene discovery in craniofacial development and disease--cashing in your chips. Clin Genet 2007; 71:109-19. [PMID: 17250659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An unbiased, polygenic approach is needed to unravel the complex molecular bases of craniofacial development and disease. DNA microarrays, the current paradigm of genome-wide analysis, permit the simultaneous study of many thousands of genes, the ready identification of candidate molecules and pathways, and the compilation of gene expression profiles for whole systems--pathologic and embryonic alike. We survey the existing literature applying microarrays to craniofacial biology and highlight the value of animal models, particularly mice and chickens, to understanding molecular regulation in the craniofacial complex. We also emphasize the importance of functional studies and high-throughput assays to extracting useful data from microarray output. It is our goal to help put researchers and clinicians on the same page as microarray technology moves into the forefront of craniofacial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Handrigan
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Morkūniené A, Steponaviciūt D, Utkus A, Kucinskas V. Few associations of candidate genes with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in the population of Lithuania. J Appl Genet 2007; 48:89-91. [PMID: 17272867 DOI: 10.1007/bf03194663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (NS-OFC) is a common complex multifactorial trait with a considerable genetic component and a number of candidate genes suggested by various approaches. Twenty biallelic and microsatellite DNA markers in the strong candidate loci TGFA, TGFB3, GABRB3, RARA, and BCL3 were analysed for allelic association with the NS-OFC phenotype in 112 nuclear families (proband + both parents) from Lithuania by using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Associations were found between the TGFA gene marker rs2166975 and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (CPO) phenotype (p = 0.045, df 1) as well as between the D2S292 marker and the cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/CP) phenotype in allele-wise TDT (P = 0.005, df 9) and genotype-wise TDT (P = 0.021, df 24). A weak association (P = 0.085, df 3) of the BCL3 marker (BCL3 gene) with the risk of CPO was also found. Thus our initial results support the contribution of allelic variation in the TGFA locus to the aetiology of CL/CP in the population of Lithuania but they do not point to TGFA as a major causal gene. Different roles of the TGFA and BCL3 genes in the susceptibility to NS-OFC phenotypes are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Morkūniené
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Leeder JS, Mitchell AA. Application of pharmacogenomic strategies to the study of drug-induced birth defects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 81:595-9. [PMID: 17314924 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 3% of all infants are born with one or more major birth defects, resulting in >150,000 affected babies each year in the US alone. At present, birth defects account for more than 21% of all infant deaths, making them the leading cause of infant mortality. Although the etiology and determinants of individual susceptibility are largely unknown for most congenital malformations, pharmacogenomic analyses offer promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Leeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas city, Missouri, USA.
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Britanova O, Depew MJ, Schwark M, Thomas BL, Miletich I, Sharpe P, Tarabykin V. Satb2 haploinsufficiency phenocopies 2q32-q33 deletions, whereas loss suggests a fundamental role in the coordination of jaw development. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 79:668-78. [PMID: 16960803 PMCID: PMC1592575 DOI: 10.1086/508214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of SATB2 as a candidate gene responsible for the craniofacial dysmorphologies associated with deletions and translocations at 2q32-q33, one of only three regions of the genome for which haploinsufficiency has been significantly associated with isolated cleft palate, led us to investigate the in vivo functions of murine Satb2. We find that, similar to the way in which SATB2 is perceived to act in humans, craniofacial defects due to haploinsufficiency of Satb2, including cleft palate (in approximately 25% of cases), phenocopy those seen with 2q32-q33 deletions and translocations in humans. Full functional loss of Satb2 results in amplification of these defects and leads both to increased apoptosis in the craniofacial mesenchyme where Satb2 is usually expressed and to changes in the pattern of expression of three genes implicated in the regulation of craniofacial development in humans and mice: Pax9, Alx4, and Msx1. The Satb2-dosage sensitivity in craniofacial development is conspicuous--along with its control of cell survival, pattern of expression, and reversible functional modification by SUMOylation, it suggests that Satb2/SATB2 function in craniofacial development may prove to be more profound than has been anticipated previously. Because jaw development is Satb2-dosage sensitive, the regulators of Satb2 expression and posttranslational modification become of critical importance both ontogenetically and evolutionarily, especially since such regulators plausibly play undetected roles in jaw and palate development and in the etiology of craniofacial malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Britanova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Plank Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
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