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Marsh JL, Perlyn CA. Beckwith-Widemann Macroglossia: The Role of Surgical Tongue Reduction. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:599-609. [PMID: 36683421 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221148900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review was conducted to define the natural history of unoperated Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) macroglossia and the effect of tongue reduction surgery upon breathing, eating, speaking and dentoskeletal development in individuals having BWS. Design: This is a retrospective study of medical records. SETTING All patients were evaluated and treated in one of two Children's Hospitals by an ACPA approved Craniofacial Team. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Medical records were reviewed of 526 individuals having a diagnosis of BWS and evaluated in-person by a single craniofacial surgeon between 1986 and 2014 in conjunction with a series of multi-disciplinary craniofacial team colleagues. 28 individuals were excluded having had multiple tongue reductions elsewhere. 498 individuals comprise the "pre tongue-reduction group". The "post tongue-reduction group" consists of 391 individuals who underwent surgical tongue reduction by one surgeon using one technique between 1986 and 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was change in anterior dental occlusion following tongue reduction surgery. Tongue reduction surgery was performed on the assumption that it would improve dentoskeletal relationships. Secondary outcome measures were: breathing, feeding/swallowing, and speech. Results: A significant difference (p<0.001) over time between the two groups was found with less anterior occlusal abnormality in the tongue reduction group. Tongue reduction surgery had no mortality and minimal morbidity for breathing, feeding/swallowing, and speech and can ameliorate obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusions: Surgical tongue reduction for BWS macroglossia is recommended for the infant or child in primary dentition with a grossly abnormal anterior tooth/jaw relationship and/or obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad A Perlyn
- Plastic Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Avenue Miami, Miami, FL, 33155-3009, USA
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2
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Performance Metrics of the Scoring System for the Diagnosis of the Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum (BWSp) and Its Correlation with Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030773. [PMID: 36765732 PMCID: PMC9913441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Different scoring systems for the clinical diagnosis of the Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) have been developed over time, the most recent being the international consensus score. Here we try to validate and provide data on the performance metrics of these scoring systems of the 2018 international consensus and the previous ones, relating them to BWSp features, molecular tests, and the probability of cancer development in a cohort of 831 patients. The consensus scoring system had the best performance (sensitivity 0.85 and specificity 0.43). In our cohort, the diagnostic yield of tests on blood-extracted DNA was low in patients with a low consensus score (~20% with a score = 2), and the score did not correlate with cancer development. We observed hepatoblastoma (HB) in 4.3% of patients with UPD(11)pat and Wilms tumor in 1.9% of patients with isolated lateralized overgrowth (ILO). We validated the efficacy of the currently used consensus score for BWSp clinical diagnosis. Based on our observation, a first-tier analysis of tissue-extracted DNA in patients with <4 points may be considered. We discourage the use of the consensus score value as an indicator of the probability of cancer development. Moreover, we suggest considering cancer screening for negative patients with ILO (risk ~2%) and HB screening for patients with UPD(11)pat (risk ~4%).
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Kim HY, Shin CH, Lee YA, Shin CH, Kim GH, Ko JM. Deciphering Epigenetic Backgrounds in a Korean Cohort with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:668-677. [PMID: 35765875 PMCID: PMC9277041 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.6.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations at two imprinting centers (ICs) in the 11p15.5 region. Delineation of the molecular defects is important for prognosis and predicting familial recurrence. We evaluated epigenetic alterations and potential epigenotype–phenotype correlations in Korean children with BWS. Methods Forty children with BWS with proven genetic or epigenetic defects in the 11p15.5 region were included. The phenotype was scored using the BWS consensus scoring system. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA), bisulfite pyrosequencing, a single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray, and CDKN1C sequencing were used for confirmative diagnosis. Results Patients met the criteria for genetic testing, with a mean clinical score of 5.4±2.0. Methylation alterations were consistent between MS-MLPA and bisulfite pyrosequencing in all patients. Twenty-six patients (65.0%) had IC2 loss of methylation (IC2-LoM), 11 (27.5%) had paternal uniparental disomy (patUPD), and one (2.5%) had IC1 gain of methylation. Macroglossia and external ear anomalies were more common in IC2-LoM than in patUPD, and lateralized overgrowth was more common in patUPD than in IC2-LoM (all P<0.05). Methylation levels at IC2 were inversely correlated with birth weight standard deviation score (r=–0.476, P=0.014) and clinical score (r=–0.520, P=0.006) in the IC2-LoM group. Conclusions Comprehensive molecular analysis of the 11p15.5 region revealed epigenotype–phenotype correlations in our BWS cohort. Bisulfite pyrosequencing can help clarify epigenotypes. Methylation levels were correlated with fetal growth and clinical severity in patients with BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Mangiavacchi PM, Caldas-Bussiere MC, Mendonça MDS, Rumpf R, Lemos Júnior PES, Alves CS, Carneiro WDS, Dias AJB, Rios ÁFL. Multi-locus DNA methylation analysis of imprinted genes in cattle from somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 2022; 186:95-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Goldkamp AK, Li Y, Rivera RM, Hagen DE. Characterization of tRNA expression profiles in large offspring syndrome. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:273. [PMID: 35392796 PMCID: PMC8988405 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) use can increase the risk of congenital overgrowth syndromes, such as large offspring syndrome (LOS) in ruminants. Epigenetic variations are known to influence gene expression and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were previously determined to be associated with LOS in cattle. We observed DMRs overlapping tRNA clusters which could affect tRNA abundance and be associated with tissue specificity or overgrowth. Variations in tRNA expression have been identified in several disease pathways suggesting an important role in the regulation of biological processes. Understanding the role of tRNA expression in cattle offers an opportunity to reveal mechanisms of regulation at the translational level. We analyzed tRNA expression in the skeletal muscle and liver tissues of day 105 artificial insemination-conceived, ART-conceived with a normal body weight, and ART-conceived bovine fetuses with a body weight above the 97th percentile compared to Control-AI. Results Despite the centrality of tRNAs to translation, in silico predictions have revealed dramatic differences in the number of tRNA genes between humans and cattle (597 vs 1,659). Consistent with reports in human, only a fraction of predicted tRNA genes are expressed. We detected the expression of 474 and 487 bovine tRNA genes in the muscle and liver with the remainder being unexpressed. 193 and 198 unique tRNA sequences were expressed in all treatment groups within muscle and liver respectively. In addition, an average of 193 tRNA sequences were expressed within the same treatment group in different tissues. Some tRNA isodecoders were differentially expressed between treatment groups. In the skeletal muscle and liver, we categorized 11 tRNA isoacceptors with undetected expression as well as an isodecoder that was unexpressed in the liver (SerGGA). Our results identified variation in the proportion of tRNA gene copies expressed between tissues and differences in the highest contributing tRNA anticodon within an amino acid family due to treatment and tissue type. Out of all amino acid families, roughly half of the most highly expressed tRNA isoacceptors correlated to their most frequent codon in the bovine genome. Conclusion Although the number of bovine tRNA genes is nearly triple of that of the tRNA genes in human, there is a shared occurrence of transcriptionally inactive tRNA genes in both species. We detected differential expression of tRNA genes as well as tissue- and treatment- specific tRNA transcripts with unique sequence variations that could modulate translation during protein homeostasis or cellular stress, and give rise to regulatory products targeting genes related to overgrowth in the skeletal muscle and/or tumor development in the liver of LOS individuals. While the absence of certain isodecoders may be relieved by wobble base pairing, missing tRNA species could increase the likelihood of mistranslation or mRNA degradation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08496-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Goldkamp
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Yahan Li
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rocio M Rivera
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Darren E Hagen
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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6
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Quantitative DNA Methylation Analysis and Epigenotype-Phenotype Correlations in Taiwanese Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111066. [PMID: 34834418 PMCID: PMC8622080 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS; OMIM 130650) is a rare overgrowth syndrome with tumor predisposition resulting from the abnormal expression or function of imprinted genes of the chromosome 11p15.5 imprinting gene cluster. The aim of this study was to identify the epigenotype-phenotype correlations of these patients using quantitative DNA methylation analysis. Methods: One hundred and four subjects with clinically suspected BWS were enrolled in this study. All of the subjects had been referred for diagnostic testing which was conducted using methylation profiling of H19-associated imprinting center (IC) 1 and KCNQ1OT1-associated IC2 in high-resolution melting analysis and methylation quantification with the MassARRAY assay. Correlations between the quantitative DNA methylation status and clinical manifestations of the enrolled subjects were analyzed. Results: Among the 104 subjects, 19 had IC2 hypomethylation, 2 had IC1 hypermethylation, and 10 had paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD). The subjects with IC2 hypomethylation were characterized by significantly more macroglossia but less hemihypertrophy compared to the subjects with pUPD (p < 0.05). For 19 subjects with IC2 hypomethylation, the IC2 methylation level was significantly different (p < 0.05) between the subjects with and without features including macroglossia (IC2 methylation level: 11.1% vs. 30.0%) and prenatal or postnatal overgrowth (8.5% vs. 16.9%). The IC2 methylation level was negatively correlated with birth weight z score (p < 0.01, n = 19) and birth height z score (p < 0.05, n = 13). For 36 subjects with clinically diagnosed BWS, the IC2 methylation level was negatively correlated with the BWS score (r = −0.592, p < 0.01). The IC1 methylation level showed the tendency of positive correlation with the BWS score without statistical significance (r = 0.137, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Lower IC2 methylation and higher IC1 methylation levels were associated with greater disease severity in the subjects with clinically diagnosed BWS. Quantitative DNA methylation analysis using the MassARRAY assay could improve the detection of epigenotype-phenotype correlations, which could further promote better genetic counseling and medical care for these patients.
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is known as a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, can cause varying degrees of damage to visual acuity. The pathogenesis of DR is multifactorial and not fully understood. Many previous research studies have revealed that an aberrant level of some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may accelerate the development of DR. These lncRNAs are regulatory factors and research related to them is always underway. In this review, we will update several types of lncRNAs based on the previous studies which are related to the development of DR and discuss its potential mechanisms of action and connections. Generally, the review will help us know more about lncRNAs and provide directions for future research related to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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8
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Huang Z, Chu L, Liang J, Tan X, Wang Y, Wen J, Chen J, Wu Y, Liu S, Liao J, Hou R, Ding Z, Zhang Z, Liang H, Song S, Yang C, Zhang J, Guo T, Chen X, Zhang B. H19 Promotes HCC Bone Metastasis Through Reducing Osteoprotegerin Expression in a Protein Phosphatase 1 Catalytic Subunit Alpha/p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Manner and Sponging microRNA 200b-3p. Hepatology 2021; 74:214-232. [PMID: 33615520 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bone is the second most frequent site of metastasis for HCC, which leads to an extremely poor prognosis. HCC bone metastasis is typically osteolytic, involving the activation of osteoclasts. Long noncoding RNA H19 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying the participation of H19 in HCC bone metastasis remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS The current study established a mouse HCC bone metastasis model by using serial intracardiac injection and cell isolation to obtain cells with distinct bone metastasis ability. H19 was highly expressed in these cells and in clinical HCC bone metastasis specimens. Both osteoclastogenesis in vitro and HCC bone metastasis in vivo were promoted by H19 overexpression, whereas these processes were suppressed by H19 knockdown. H19 overexpression attenuated p38 phosphorylation and further down-regulated the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. However, up-regulated OPG expression as well as suppressed osteoclastogenesis caused by H19 knockdown were recovered by p38 interference, indicating that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-OPG contributed to H19-promoted HCC bone metastasis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that H19 inhibited the expression of OPG by binding with protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP1CA), which dephosphorylates p38. SB-203580-mediated inactivation of p38MAPK reversed the down-regulation of HCC bone metastasis caused by H19 knockdown in vivo. Additionally, H19 enhanced cell migration and invasion by up-regulating zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 through the sequestration of microRNA (miR) 200b-3p. CONCLUSIONS H19 plays a critical role in HCC bone metastasis by reducing OPG expression, which is mediated by the PPP1CA-induced inactivation of the p38MAPK pathway; and H19 also functions as a sponge for miR-200b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Junnan Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Tan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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9
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Jia L, Wang Y, Wang C, Du Z, Zhang S, Wen X, Zhou L, Li H, Chen H, Li D, Zhang S, Li W, Xu W, Hoffman AR, Cui J, Hu JF. Oplr16 serves as a novel chromatin factor to control stem cell fate by modulating pluripotency-specific chromosomal looping and TET2-mediated DNA demethylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3935-3948. [PMID: 32055844 PMCID: PMC7144914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of a pluripotency-specific chromatin network is a critical event in reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent status. To characterize the regulatory components in this process, we used ‘chromatin RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing’ (CRIST-seq) to profile RNA components that interact with the pluripotency master gene Oct4. Using this approach, we identified a novel nuclear lncRNA Oplr16 that was closely involved in the initiation of reprogramming. Oplr16 not only interacted with the Oct4 promoter and regulated its activity, but it was also specifically activated during reprogramming to pluripotency. Active expression of Oplr16 was required for optimal maintenance of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Oplr16 was also able to enhance reprogramming of fibroblasts into pluripotent cells. RNA reverse transcription-associated trap sequencing (RAT-seq) indicated that Oplr16 interacted with multiple target genes related to stem cell self-renewal. Of note, Oplr16 utilized its 3′-fragment to recruit the chromatin factor SMC1 to orchestrate pluripotency-specific intrachromosomal looping. After binding to the Oct4 promoter, Oplr16 recruited TET2 to induce DNA demethylation and activate Oct4 in fibroblasts, leading to enhanced reprogramming. These data suggest that Oplr16 may act as a pivotal chromatin factor to control stem cell fate by modulating chromatin architecture and DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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10
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Esmaeili M, Taheri M. H19 lncRNA: Roles in tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109774. [PMID: 31855739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H19 is a long non-coding RNA [lncRNA] which was firstly described as an oncofetal transcript. The imprinted gene is normally expressed from the maternal allele. However, this pattern of imprinting is dysregulated in several cancers leading to aberrant up-regulation of H19 in malignant tissues. Several studies have utilized this aberrant expression pattern to find specific biomarkers for detection of cancer in tumoral tissues or peripheral blood. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms within H19 have been associated with risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Taken together, H19 is regarded as a biomarker for cancer and a putative therapeutic target in these human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhosein Esmaeili
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Duffy KA, Cielo CM, Cohen JL, Gonzalez-Gandolfi CX, Griff JR, Hathaway ER, Kupa J, Taylor JA, Wang KH, Ganguly A, Deardorff MA, Kalish JM. Characterization of the Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum: Diagnosis and management. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:693-708. [PMID: 31469230 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common epigenetic overgrowth and cancer predisposition disorder. Due to both varying molecular defects involving chromosome 11p15 and tissue mosaicism, patients can present with a variety of clinical features, leading to the newly defined Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp). The BWSp can be further divided into three subsets of patients: those presenting with classic features, those presenting with isolated lateralized overgrowth (ILO) and those not fitting into the previous two categories, termed atypical BWSp. Previous reports of patients with BWS have focused on those with the more recognizable, classic features, and limited information is available on those who fit into the atypical and ILO categories. Here, we present the first cohort of patients recruited across the entire BWSp, describe clinical features and molecular diagnostic characteristics, and provide insight into practical diagnosis and management recommendations that we have gained from this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Duffy
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher M Cielo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer L Cohen
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jessica R Griff
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan R Hathaway
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonida Kupa
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse A Taylor
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathleen H Wang
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Gaillot-Durand L, Brioude F, Beneteau C, Le Breton F, Massardier J, Michon L, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Allias F. Placental Pathology in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome According to Genotype/Epigenotype Subgroups. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2018; 37:387-399. [PMID: 30633605 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2018.1504842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency of placental pathological lesions in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), an overgrowth disorder that exhibits etiologic molecular heterogeneity and variable phenotypic expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 60 BWS patients with a proven molecular diagnosis and a placental pathological examination. Placentomegaly, placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD), chorangioma/chorangiomatosis, and extravillous trophoblastic (EVT) cytomegaly were evaluated and their frequencies in the different molecular subgroups were compared. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on EVT cytomegaly. RESULTS Placentomegaly was found in 70.9% of cases, PMD in 21.7%, chorangioma/chorangiomatosis in 23.3%, and EVT cytomegaly in 21.7%; there was no significant intergroup difference. EVT cytomegaly showed loss of p57 expression, increased Ki67 proliferating index, and polyploidy on FISH analysis. CONCLUSIONS There was no genotype/epigenotype-phenotype correlation concerning placental lesions in BWS. Diffuse EVT cytomegaly with polyploidy may represent a placental finding suggestive of BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gaillot-Durand
- a Department of Pathology , Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon , France.,b Société Française de Foetopathologie (SOFFOET) , Rennes , France
| | - Frederic Brioude
- c Département d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP , Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine , Paris , France
| | - Claire Beneteau
- b Société Française de Foetopathologie (SOFFOET) , Rennes , France.,d Department of Medical Genetics , CHU Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Frédérique Le Breton
- a Department of Pathology , Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon , France.,b Société Française de Foetopathologie (SOFFOET) , Rennes , France
| | - Jerome Massardier
- b Société Française de Foetopathologie (SOFFOET) , Rennes , France.,e Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfants, Hospices Civils de Lyon , Bron , France
| | - Lucas Michon
- f Registre des Malformations en Rhône-Alpes (REMERA) , Lyon , France
| | | | - Fabienne Allias
- a Department of Pathology , Centre hospitalier Lyon Sud , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, Lyon , France.,b Société Française de Foetopathologie (SOFFOET) , Rennes , France
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13
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Wang Z, Yang B, Zhang M, Guo W, Wu Z, Wang Y, Jia L, Li S, Xie W, Yang D. lncRNA Epigenetic Landscape Analysis Identifies EPIC1 as an Oncogenic lncRNA that Interacts with MYC and Promotes Cell-Cycle Progression in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:706-720.e9. [PMID: 29622465 PMCID: PMC6143179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the epigenetic landscape of genes encoding long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) across 6,475 tumors and 455 cancer cell lines. In stark contrast to the CpG island hypermethylation phenotype in cancer, we observed a recurrent hypomethylation of 1,006 lncRNA genes in cancer, including EPIC1 (epigenetically-induced lncRNA1). Overexpression of EPIC1 is associated with poor prognosis in luminal B breast cancer patients and enhances tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, EPIC1 promotes cell-cycle progression by interacting with MYC through EPIC1's 129-283 nt region. EPIC1 knockdown reduces the occupancy of MYC to its target genes (e.g., CDKN1A, CCNA2, CDC20, and CDC45). MYC depletion abolishes EPIC1's regulation of MYC target and luminal breast cancer tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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14
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Zammit M, Caruana E, Cassar D, Calleja-Agius J. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Review: A Guide for the Neonatal Nurse. Neonatal Netw 2018; 36:129-133. [PMID: 28494824 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.36.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common pediatric overgrowth syndrome. Features characteristic of the BWS phenotype include both physical attributes, such as macroglossia, abdominal wall defects, gigantism, nevus flammeus, visceromegaly, and mid-face hypoplasia, as well as biochemical abnormalities such as hypoglycemia. It is essential for the neonatal nurse to be able to recognize BWS in the patient's early years of life because of the increased frequency of medical complications, malformations, and the increased risk of embryonic malignancies. This article focuses on the presentation of BWS as an aid to early detection.
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15
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McNamara GI, Davis BA, Dwyer DM, John RM, Isles AR. Behavioural abnormalities in a novel mouse model for Silver Russell Syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 25:5407-5417. [PMID: 27798108 PMCID: PMC5418837 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver Russell Syndrome (SRS) syndrome is an imprinting disorder involving low birth weight with complex genetics and diagnostics. Some rare SRS patients carry maternally inherited microduplications spanning the imprinted genes CDKN1C, PHLDA2, SLC22A18 and KCNQ1, suggesting that overexpression of one of more of these genes contributes to the SRS phenotype. While this molecular alteration is very rare, feeding difficulties are a very common feature of this condition. Given that SRS children also have very low body mass index, understanding the underpinning biology of the eating disorder is important, as well as potential co-occurring behavioural alterations. Here, we report that a mouse model of this microduplication exhibits a number of behavioural deficits. The mice had a blunted perception of the palatability of a given foodstuff. This perception may underpin the fussiness with food. We additionally report hypoactivity, unrelated to anxiety or motoric function, and a deficit in the appropriate integration of incoming sensory information. Importantly, using a second genetic model, we were able to attribute all altered behaviours to elevated expression of a single gene, Cdkn1c. This is the first report linking elevated Cdkn1c to altered behaviour in mice. Importantly, the findings from our study may have relevance for SRS and highlight a potentially underreported aspect of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne Iseult McNamara
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Brittany Ann Davis
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Anthony Roger Isles
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Singh VB, Sribenja S, Wilson KE, Attwood KM, Hillman JC, Pathak S, Higgins MJ. Blocked transcription through KvDMR1 results in absence of methylation and gene silencing resembling Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Development 2017; 144:1820-1830. [PMID: 28428215 PMCID: PMC5450836 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The maternally methylated KvDMR1 ICR regulates imprinted expression of a cluster of maternally expressed genes on human chromosome 11p15.5. Disruption of imprinting leads to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), an overgrowth and cancer predisposition condition. In the majority of individuals with BWS, maternal-specific methylation at KvDMR1 is absent and genes under its control are repressed. We analyzed a mouse model carrying a poly(A) truncation cassette inserted to prevent RNA transcripts from elongation through KvDMR1. Maternal inheritance of this mutation resulted in absence of DNA methylation at KvDMR1, which led to biallelic expression of Kcnq1ot1 and suppression of maternally expressed genes. This study provides further evidence that transcription is required for establishment of methylation at maternal gametic DMRs. More importantly, this mouse model recapitulates the molecular phenotypic characteristics of the most common form of BWS, including loss of methylation at KvDMR1 and biallelic repression of Cdkn1c, suggesting that deficiency of maternal transcription through KvDMR1 may be an underlying cause of some BWS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vir B Singh
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sirinapa Sribenja
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kayla E Wilson
- Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher M Attwood
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joanna C Hillman
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Shilpa Pathak
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Michael J Higgins
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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17
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Schenkel LC, Rodenhiser D, Siu V, McCready E, Ainsworth P, Sadikovic B. Constitutional Epi/Genetic Conditions: Genetic, Epigenetic, and Environmental Factors. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:30-41. [PMID: 28180025 PMCID: PMC5288004 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 4,000 phenotypes for which the molecular basis is at least partly known. Though defects in primary DNA structure constitute a major cause of these disorders, epigenetic disruption is emerging as an important alternative mechanism in the etiology of a broad range of congenital and developmental conditions. These include epigenetic defects caused by either localized (in cis) genetic alterations or more distant (in trans) genetic events but can also include environmental effects. Emerging evidence suggests interplay between genetic and environmental factors in the epigenetic etiology of several constitutional "epi/genetic" conditions. This review summarizes our broadening understanding of how epigenetics contributes to pediatric disease by exploring different classes of epigenomic disorders. It further challenges the simplistic dogma of "DNA encodes RNA encodes protein" to best understand the spectrum of factors that can influence genetic traits in a pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila C. Schenkel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Rodenhiser
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Siu
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth McCready
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Ainsworth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Bachmann N, Crazzolara R, Bohne F, Kotzot D, Maurer K, Enklaar T, Prawitt D, Bergmann C. Novel deletion in 11p15.5 imprinting center region 1 in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome provides insight into distal enhancer regulation and tumorigenesis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 27650505 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an early-onset overgrowth disorder with a high risk for embryonal tumors. It is mainly caused by dysregulation of imprinted genes on chromosome 11p15.5; however, the driving forces in the development of tumors are not fully understood. PROCEDURE We report on a female patient presenting with macrosomia, macroglossia, organomegaly and extensive bilateral nephroblastomatosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated; however, the patient developed hepatoblastoma and Wilms tumor at 5 and 12 months of age, respectively. Subsequent radiofrequency ablation of the liver tumor and partial nephrectomy followed by consolidation therapy achieved complete remission. RESULTS Molecular genetic analysis revealed a maternally derived large deletion of the complete H19-differentially methylated region (H19-DMR; imprinting control region-1 [ICR1]), the whole H19 gene itself as well as large parts of the distal enhancer region within the imprinting cluster-1 (IC1). Extended analysis showed highly elevated insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression, possibly explaining at least in part the distinct BWS features and tumor manifestations. CONCLUSIONS This study of a large maternal deletion encompassing the H19 gene and complete ICR1 is the first to demonstrate transcriptional consequences on IGF2 in addition to methylation effects resulting in severe overgrowth and occurrence of multiple tumors in a BWS patient. Studying this deletion helps to clarify the complex molecular processes involved in BWS and provides further insight into tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Crazzolara
- Department for Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Bohne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Kotzot
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Maurer
- Department for Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thorsten Enklaar
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Mussa A, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Riberi E, Russo S, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. Cancer Risk in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Outlining a Novel (Epi)Genotype Specific Histotype Targeted Screening Protocol. J Pediatr 2016; 176:142-149.e1. [PMID: 27372391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare tumor risk in the 4 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) molecular subgroups: Imprinting Control Region 1 Gain of Methylation (ICR1-GoM), Imprinting Control Region 2 Loss of Methylation (ICR2-LoM), Chromosome 11p15 Paternal Uniparental Disomy (UPD), and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C gene (CDKN1C) mutation. STUDY DESIGN Studies on BWS and tumor development published between 2000 and 2015 providing (epi)genotype-cancer correlations with histotype data were reviewed and meta-analysed with cancer histotypes as measured outcome and (epi)genotype as exposure. RESULTS A total of 1370 patients with BWS were included: 102 developed neoplasms (7.4%). Tumor prevalence was 2.5% in ICR2-LoM, 13.8% in UPD, 22.8% in ICR1-GoM, and 8.6% in patients with CDKN1C mutations. Cancer ORs were 12.8 in ICR1-GoM, 6.5 in UPD, and 2.9 in patients with CDKN1C mutations compared with patients with ICR2-LoM. Wilms tumor was associated with ICR1-GoM (OR 68.3) and UPD (OR 13.2). UPD also was associated with hepatoblastoma (OR 5.2) and adrenal carcinoma (OR 7.0), and CDKN1C mutations with neuroblastic tumors (OR 7.2). CONCLUSION Cancer screening in BWS could be differentiated on the basis of (epi)genotype and target specific histotypes. Patients with ICR1-GoM and UPD should undergo renal ultrasonography scanning, given their risk of Wilms tumor. Alpha feto protein monitoring for heptaoblastoma is suggested in patients with UPD. Adrenal carcinoma may deserve screening in patients with UPD. Patients with CDKN1C mutations may deserve neuroblastoma screening based on urinary markers and ultrasonography scanning. Finally, screening appears questionable in cases of ICR2-LoM, given low tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Cristina Molinatto
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Evelise Riberi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Second University of Naples and Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
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20
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Lin HY, Chuang CK, Tu RY, Fang YY, Su YN, Chen CP, Chang CY, Liu HC, Chu TH, Niu DM, Lin SP. Epigenotype, genotype, and phenotype analysis of patients in Taiwan with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:8-13. [PMID: 27436784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder predisposing to tumorigenesis that results from abnormal expression or function of imprinted genes of chromosome 11p15.5. METHODS Forty-seven patients in Taiwan with clinical suspicion of BWS were referred for diagnostic testing based on methylation profiling of H19-associated imprinting center (IC) 1 and KCNQ1OT1-associated IC2 using high-resolution melting analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, or high-resolution quantitative methylation profiling. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients received a clinical diagnosis of BWS (the presence of 3 major features or 2 major features and at least 1 minor feature), 18 had suspected BWS (the presence of at least 1 major feature), and 1 had isolated Wilms' tumor. Nineteen patients were identified with IC2 hypomethylation (including 1 with isolated Wilms' tumor), 1 with IC1 hypermethylation, 2 with paternal uniparental disomy, and 1 with CDKN1C mutation. Several clinical features were found to be statistically different (P<0.05) between the 2 groups-clinical diagnosis of BWS (n=28) or suspected BWS (n=18)-including macroglossia, pre- or postnatal gigantism, abdominal wall defect, ear creases, facial nevus flammeus, BWS score, and the molecular diagnosis rate. Molecular lesion was detected in 81% of patients with the presence of three major features, compared with 33% and 28% of those with two or one major feature, respectively. The mean BWS score was 5.6 for 19 subjects with "IC2 hypomethylation", compared with 3.8 for 2 subjects with pUPD. The BWS score of one subject with CDKN1C mutation and one with IC1 hypermethylation was 6 and 7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The BWS score was positively correlated with the molecular diagnosis rate (P<0.01). The BWS database of epigenotype, genotype, and phenotype is expected to promote better genetic counseling and medical care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Medical College, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yi Tu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ya Fang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Che Liu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dau-Ming Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Infant and Child Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Maas SM, Vansenne F, Kadouch DJM, Ibrahim A, Bliek J, Hopman S, Mannens MM, Merks JHM, Maher ER, Hennekam RC. Phenotype, cancer risk, and surveillance in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome depending on molecular genetic subgroups. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2248-60. [PMID: 27419809 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) have an increased risk to develop cancer in childhood, especially Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma. The risk varies depending on the cause of BWS. We obtained clinical and molecular data in our cohort of children with BWS, including tumor occurrences, and correlated phenotype and genotype. We obtained similar data from larger cohorts reported in the literature. Phenotype, genotype and tumor occurrence were available in 229 of our own patients. Minor differences in phenotype existed depending on genotype/epigenotype, similar to earlier studies. By adding patients from the literature, we obtained data on genotype and tumor occurrence of in total 1,971 BWS patients. Tumor risks were highest in the IC1 (H19/IGF2:IG-DMR) hypermethylation subgroup (28%) and pUPD subgroup (16%) and were lower in the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR (IC2) subgroup (2.6%), CDKN1C (6.9%) subgroup, and the group in whom no molecular defect was detectable (6.7%). Wilms tumors (median age 24 months) were frequent in the IC1 (24%) and pUPD (7.9%) subgroups. Hepatoblastoma occurred mostly in the pUPD (3.5%) and IC2 (0.7%) subgroups, never in the IC1 and CDKN1C subgroups, and always before 30 months of age. In the CDKN1C subgroup 2.8% of patients developed neuroblastoma. We conclude tumor risks in BWS differ markedly depending on molecular background. We propose a differentiated surveillance protocol, based on tumor risks in the various molecular subgroups causing BWS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia M Maas
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Vansenne
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J M Kadouch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdulla Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Merks
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Õunap K. Silver-Russell Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Opposite Phenotypes with Heterogeneous Molecular Etiology. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:110-21. [PMID: 27587987 DOI: 10.1159/000447413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 clinically opposite growth-affecting disorders belonging to the group of congenital imprinting disorders. The expression of both syndromes usually depends on the parental origin of the chromosome in which the imprinted genes reside. SRS is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation with various additional clinical features such as hemihypertrophy, relative macrocephaly, fifth finger clinodactyly, and triangular facies. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with many additional clinical features such as macroglossia, organomegaly, and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Both SRS and BWS are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and for clinical diagnosis, different diagnostic scoring systems have been developed. Six diagnostic scoring systems for SRS and 4 for BWS have been previously published. However, neither syndrome has common consensus diagnostic criteria yet. Most cases of SRS and BWS are associated with opposite epigenetic or genetic abnormalities in the 11p15 chromosomal region leading to opposite imbalances in the expression of imprinted genes. SRS is also caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7, which is usually identified in 5-10% of the cases, and is therefore the first imprinting disorder that affects 2 different chromosomes. In this review, we describe in detail the clinical diagnostic criteria and scoring systems as well as molecular causes in both SRS and BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Õunap
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Li Y, Xie C, Murphy SK, Skaar D, Nye M, Vidal AC, Cecil KM, Dietrich KN, Puga A, Jirtle RL, Hoyo C. Lead Exposure during Early Human Development and DNA Methylation of Imprinted Gene Regulatory Elements in Adulthood. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:666-73. [PMID: 26115033 PMCID: PMC4858407 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure during early development causes neurodevelopmental disorders by unknown mechanisms. Epidemiologic studies have focused recently on determining associations between lead exposure and global DNA methylation; however, such approaches preclude the identification of loci that may alter human disease risk. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal, postnatal, and early childhood lead exposure can alter the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that control the monoallelic expression of imprinted genes involved in metabolism, growth, and development. METHODS Questionnaire data and serial blood lead levels were obtained from 105 participants (64 females, 41 males) of the Cincinnati Lead Study from birth to 78 months. When participants were adults, we used Sequenom EpiTYPER assays to test peripheral blood DNA to quantify CpG methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes at DMRs of 22 human imprinted genes. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression. RESULTS Mean blood lead concentration from birth to 78 months was associated with a significant decrease in PEG3 DMR methylation (β = -0.0014; 95% CI: -0.0023, -0.0005, p = 0.002), stronger in males (β = -0.0024; 95% CI: -0.0038, -0.0009, p = 0.003) than in females (β = -0.0009; 95% CI: -0.0020, 0.0003, p = 0.1). Elevated mean childhood blood lead concentration was also associated with a significant decrease in IGF2/H19 (β = -0.0013; 95% CI: -0.0023, -0.0003, p = 0.01) DMR methylation, but primarily in females, (β = -0.0017; 95% CI: -0.0029, -0.0006, p = 0.005) rather than in males, (β = -0.0004; 95% CI: -0.0023, 0.0015, p = 0.7). Elevated blood lead concentration during the neonatal period was associated with higher PLAGL1/HYMAI DMR methylation regardless of sex (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0018, 0.0132, p = 0.01). The magnitude of associations between cumulative lead exposure and CpG methylation remained unaltered from 30 to 78 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that early childhood lead exposure results in sex-dependent and gene-specific DNA methylation differences in the DMRs of PEG3, IGF2/H19, and PLAGL1/HYMAI in adulthood. CITATION Li Y, Xie C, Murphy SK, Skaar D, Nye M, Vidal AC, Cecil KM, Dietrich KN, Puga A, Jirtle RL, Hoyo C. 2016. Lead exposure during early human development and DNA methylation of imprinted gene regulatory elements in adulthood. Environ Health Perspect 124:666-673; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training, University of Cincinnati (UC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Skaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monica Nye
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adriana C. Vidal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Cincinnati Children’s Environmental Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, UC College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology,
- Department of Pediatrics,
- Department of Environmental Health,
- Center for Environmental Genetics, and
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UC College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health,
- Center for Environmental Genetics, and
| | - Randy L. Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to C. Hoyo, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment (CHHE), Program of Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenomics, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 515-0540. E-mail: , or R.L. Jirtle, Department of Biological Sciences, CHHE, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 399-3342. E-mail:
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to C. Hoyo, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment (CHHE), Program of Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenomics, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 515-0540. E-mail: , or R.L. Jirtle, Department of Biological Sciences, CHHE, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 399-3342. E-mail:
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24
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Taste and speech following surgical tongue reduction in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:659-63. [PMID: 27052941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth disorder in which macroglossia is one of the main signs. We investigated the long-term outcome of tongue surgery reduction (TRS) on taste and speech in patients with BWS who were more than 5 years of age and had undergone surgical anterior wedge resection of the tongue. A questionnaire was used to assess medical history and to determine some aspects of speech, taste, psychological well-being, and degree of satisfaction with regard to TRS and tongue mobility. Speech sound error pattern and degree of intelligibility were measured by a speech therapist, and taste was assessed using a validated test. The degree of both intelligibility and satisfaction with the surgery was high. There were some speech errors; especially the interdental 's', addental 't', and addental 'd' were more noticed. We conclude that anterior wedge resection is an effective technique to treat macroglossia in children with BWS, and that it has no long-term consequences for intelligibility and taste perception and only limited consequences for speech.
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25
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Anwar SL, Krech T, Hasemeier B, Schipper E, Schweitzer N, Vogel A, Kreipe H, Lehmann U. Loss of DNA methylation at imprinted loci is a frequent event in hepatocellular carcinoma and identifies patients with shortened survival. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:110. [PMID: 26473022 PMCID: PMC4606497 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA methylation at imprinted loci is an important molecular mechanism contributing to several developmental and pathological disorders including cancer. However, knowledge about imprinting defects due to DNA methylation changes is relatively limited in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Therefore, comprehensive quantitative DNA methylation analysis at imprinted loci showing ~50 % methylation in healthy liver tissues was performed in primary HCC specimens and the peritumoural liver tissues. Results We found frequent and extensive DNA methylation aberrations at many imprinted loci in HCC. Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA methylation patterns at imprinted loci revealed subgroups of HCCs with moderate and severe loss of methylation. Hypomethylation at imprinted loci correlated significantly with poor overall survival (log-rank test, p = 0.02). Demethylation at imprinted loci was accompanied by loss of methylation at LINE-1, a commonly used marker for global DNA methylation levels (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that loss of methylation at imprinted loci correlated with the presence of a CTNNB1 mutation (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.03). Re-analysis of publically available genome-wide methylation data sets confirmed our findings. The analysis of benign liver tumours (hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)), the corresponding adjacent liver tissues, and healthy liver tissues showed that aberrant DNA methylation at imprinted loci is specific for HCC. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate frequent and widespread DNA methylation aberrations at imprinted loci in human HCC and identified a hypomethylated subgroup of patients with shorter overall survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0145-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumadi Lukman Anwar
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ; Present address: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Hasemeier
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Schipper
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora Schweitzer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Constitutional epimutation, which is an aberration in gene expression due to an altered epigenotype that is widely distributed in normal tissues (albeit frequently mosaic), provides an alternative mechanism to genetic mutation for cancer predisposition. Observational studies in cancer-affected families have revealed intergenerational inheritance of constitutional epimutation, providing unique insights into the heritability of epigenetic traits in humans. In this Opinion article, the potential contribution of constitutional epimutation to the 'missing' causality and heritability of cancer is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan P Hitchins
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Grant Building S169, 1291 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Mussa A, Russo S, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. (Epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a paradigm for genomic medicine. Clin Genet 2015; 89:403-415. [PMID: 26138266 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the commonest overgrowth cancer predisposition disorder and represents a model for human imprinting dysregulation and tumorigenesis. BWS features can variably combine and present a widely variable range of severity in the phenotypic expression. This wide spectrum is paralleled at molecular level by complex (epi)genetic defects on chromosome 11p15.5 leading to disrupted expression of imprinted genes controlling growth and cellular proliferation. In this review, we outline the spectrum of clinical manifestations of BWS analyzing their (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations. The differences observed in the phenotypic profiles of BWS molecular subtypes allow a composite view of this syndrome with implications on clinical care, diagnosis, follow-up, and management, and provide directions for future disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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A novel large deletion of the ICR1 region including H19 and putative enhancer elements. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:30. [PMID: 25943194 PMCID: PMC4630834 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare pediatric overgrowth disorder with a variable clinical phenotype caused by deregulation affecting imprinted genes in the chromosomal region 11p15. Alterations of the imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) at the IGF2/H19 locus resulting in biallelic expression of IGF2 and biallelic silencing of H19 account for approximately 10% of patients with BWS. The majority of these patients have epimutations of the ICR1 without detectable DNA sequence changes. Only a few patients were found to have deletions. Most of these deletions are small affecting different parts of the ICR1 differentially methylated region (ICR1-DMR) removing target sequences for CTCF. Only a very few deletions reported so far include the H19 gene in addition to the CTCF binding sites. None of these deletions include IGF2. Case presentation A male patient was born with hypotonia, facial dysmorphisms and hypoglycemia suggestive of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Using methylation-specific (MS)-MLPA (Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) we have identified a maternally inherited large deletion of the ICR1 region in a patient and his mother. The deletion results in a variable clinical expression with a classical BWS in the mother and a more severe presentation of BWS in her son. By genome-wide SNP array analysis the deletion was found to span ~100 kb genomic DNA including the ICR1DMR, H19, two adjacent non-imprinted genes and two of three predicted enhancer elements downstream to H19. Methylation analysis by deep bisulfite next generation sequencing revealed hypermethylation of the maternal allele at the IGF2 locus in both, mother and child, although IGF2 is not affected by the deletion. Conclusions We here report on a novel large familial deletion of the ICR1 region in a BWS family. Due to the deletion of the ICR1-DMR CTCF binding cannot take place and the residual enhancer elements have access to the IGF2 promoters. The aberrant methylation (hypermethylation) of the maternal IGF2 allele in both affected family members may reflect the active state of the normally silenced maternal IGF2 copy and can be a consequence of the deletion. The deletion results in a variable clinical phenotype and expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0173-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Claycombe KJ, Brissette CA, Ghribi O. Epigenetics of inflammation, maternal infection, and nutrition. J Nutr 2015; 145:1109S-1115S. [PMID: 25833887 PMCID: PMC4410493 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling are linked to an increased inflammatory response as well as increased risk of chronic disease development. A few studies have begun to investigate whether dietary nutrients play a beneficial role by modifying or reversing epigenetically induced inflammation. Results of these studies show that nutrients modify epigenetic pathways. However, little is known about how nutrients modulate inflammation by regulating immune cell function and/or immune cell differentiation via epigenetic pathways. This overview will provide information about the current understanding of the role of nutrients in the epigenetic control mechanisms of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Claycombe
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Catherine A Brissette
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND
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Immunohistochemical protein expression profiling of growth- and apoptotic-related factors in relation to umbilical cord length. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:291-7. [PMID: 25804127 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Umbilical cord (UC) alterations are related to fetal and neonatal deaths and late neurological complications. Abnormal UC length has been recognized as the most significant abnormality linked to unfavorable outcomes. Despite its importance, causal factors resulting in abnormally long or short UCs have yet to be established. The factors that govern UC length are largely unknown. Furthermore, there is a paucity of studies that assess molecular processes involved in the establishment of UC length. We hypothesize that UC length abnormalities in UC length are associated with altered protein expression patterns of known cell growth and/or apoptosis regulators. In this study we analyze diverse protein expression patterns in different UC cell types found in UCs of normal and abnormal length. METHODS An analytical observational study was carried out on fetal autopsies; diagnosed abnormal length UCs were compared to normal controls by gestational age. Immunohistochemical analysis of expression levels of growth and pro- and anti-apoptotic factors was performed. RESULTS We performed immunohistochemistry antibody tests against FAS, BAX, Ki67, cMyc, FGF2, TGFBR3, VEGF, Bcl2, p57 and IGF2 and analyzed UC cell expression patterns. We found significant differences in specific long and/or short cord cell types in comparison to those in normal cords. DISCUSSION Factors that determine UC length are still largely unknown; however, this study demonstrates significant specific cell type differences in protein expression patterns of several genes related to cell proliferation. This preliminary study provides strong supporting data to continue the search for molecular factors that determine UC length.
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Meningocele in a congolese female with beckwith-wiedemann phenotype. Case Rep Genet 2015; 2014:989425. [PMID: 25610673 PMCID: PMC4290800 DOI: 10.1155/2014/989425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by an overgrowth, macroglossia, exomphalos, and predisposition to embryonal tumors. Central nervous abnormalities associated with BWS are rare. We describe a one-day-old Congolese female who presented meningocele associated with BWS phenotype.
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Brioude F, Lacoste A, Netchine I, Vazquez MP, Auber F, Audry G, Gauthier-Villars M, Brugieres L, Gicquel C, Le Bouc Y, Rossignol S. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: growth pattern and tumor risk according to molecular mechanism, and guidelines for tumor surveillance. Horm Res Paediatr 2014; 80:457-65. [PMID: 24335096 DOI: 10.1159/000355544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome associated with an increased risk of pediatric tumors. The underlying molecular abnormalities may be genetic (CDKN1C mutations or 11p15 paternal uniparental isodisomy, pUPD) or epigenetic (imprinting center region 1, ICR1, gain of methylation, ICR1 GOM, or ICR2 loss of methylation, ICR2 LOM). AIM We aimed to describe a cohort of 407 BWS patients with molecular defects of the 11p15 domain followed prospectively after molecular diagnosis. RESULTS Birth weight and length were significantly higher in patients with ICR1 GOM than in the other groups. ICR2 LOM and CDKN1C mutations were associated with a higher prevalence of exomphalos. Mean adult height (regardless of molecular subtype, n = 35) was 1.8 ± 1.2 SDS, with 18 patients having a final height above +2 SDS. The prevalence of tumors was 8.6% in the whole population; 28.6 and 17.3% of the patients with ICR1 GOM (all Wilms tumors) and 11p15 pUPD, respectively, developed a tumor during infancy. Conversely, the prevalence of tumors in patients with ICR2 LOM and CDKN1C mutations were 3.1 and 8.8%, respectively, with no Wilms tumors. CONCLUSION Based on these results for a large cohort, we formulated guidelines for the follow-up of these patients according to the molecular subtype of BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
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Ibrahim A, Kirby G, Hardy C, Dias RP, Tee L, Lim D, Berg J, MacDonald F, Nightingale P, Maher ER. Methylation analysis and diagnostics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in 1,000 subjects. Clin Epigenetics 2014; 6:11. [PMID: 24982696 PMCID: PMC4064264 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a congenital overgrowth disorder with variable expressivity and a predisposition to tumorigenesis, results from disordered expression and/or function of imprinted genes at chromosome 11p15.5. There are no generally agreed clinical diagnostic criteria, with molecular studies commonly performed to confirm diagnosis. In particular, methylation status analysis at two 11p15.5 imprinting control centres (IC1 and IC2) detects up to 80% of BWS cases (though low-level mosaicism may not be detected). In order to evaluate the relationship between the clinical presentation of suspected BWS and IC1/2 methylation abnormalities we reviewed the results of >1,000 referrals for molecular diagnostic testing. Results Out of 1,091 referrals, 507 (46.5%) had a positive diagnostic test for BWS. The frequency of tumours was 3.4% in those with a molecular diagnosis of BWS. Previously reported genotype-phenotype associations with paternal uniparental disomy, IC1, and IC2 epimutation groups were confirmed and potential novel associations detected. Predictive values of previously described clinical diagnostic criteria were compared and, although there were differences in their sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that these were not optimal in predicting 11p15.5 methylation abnormalities. Using logistic regression, we identified clinical features with the best predictive value for a positive methylation abnormality. Furthermore, we developed a weighted scoring system (sensitivity 75.9%, and specificity 81.8%) to prioritise patients presenting with the most common features of BWS, and ROC analysis demonstrated superior performance (area under the curve 0.85, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.87) compared to previous criteria. Conclusions We suggest that this novel tool will facilitate selection of patients with suspected BWS for routine diagnostic testing and so improve the diagnosis of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK ; Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Gail Kirby
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carol Hardy
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Renuka P Dias
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louise Tee
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Derek Lim
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ; West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Jonathan Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Fiona MacDonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Peter Nightingale
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK ; Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Hoyo C, Daltveit AK, Iversen E, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Fuemmeler B, Schildkraut J, Murtha AP, Overcash F, Vidal AC, Wang F, Huang Z, Kurtzberg J, Seewaldt V, Forman M, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK. Erythrocyte folate concentrations, CpG methylation at genomically imprinted domains, and birth weight in a multiethnic newborn cohort. Epigenetics 2014; 9:1120-30. [PMID: 24874916 DOI: 10.4161/epi.29332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are proposed to link maternal concentrations of methyl group donor nutrients with the risk of low birth weight. However, empirical data are lacking. We have examined the association between maternal folate and birth weight and assessed the mediating role of DNA methylation at nine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of genomically imprinted genes in these associations. Compared with newborns of women with folate levels in the lowest quartile, birth weight was higher in newborns of mothers in the second (β = 143.2, se = 63.2, P = 0.02), third (β = 117.3, se = 64.0, P = 0.07), and fourth (β = 133.9, se = 65.2, P = 0.04) quartiles, consistent with a threshold effect. This pattern of association did not vary by race/ethnicity but was more apparent in newborns of non-obese women. DNA methylation at the PLAGL1, SGCE, DLK1/MEG3 and IGF2/H19 DMRs was associated with maternal folate levels and also birth weight, suggestive of threshold effects. MEG3 DMR methylation mediated the association between maternal folate levels and birth weight (P =0.06). While the small sample size and partial scope of examined DMRs limit our conclusions, our data suggest that, with respect to birth weight, no additional benefits may be derived from increased maternal folate concentrations, especially in non-obese women. These data also support epigenetic plasticity as a key mechanistic response to folate availability during early fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Clinical Epidemiology; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Anne Kjersti Daltveit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care; University of Bergen; Bergen, Norway
| | - Edwin Iversen
- Department of Statistics; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Global Health Institute; Durham, NC USA
| | - Bernard Fuemmeler
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Duke Cancer Institute; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Amy P Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Francine Overcash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Clinical Epidemiology; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Adriana C Vidal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Clinical Epidemiology; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Frances Wang
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Duke Cancer Institute; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Gynecologic Oncology; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Joanne Kurtzberg
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics; Duke Cancer Institute; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Victoria Seewaldt
- Department of Medicine; Division of Oncology; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
| | - Michele Forman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Texas; Austin, TX USA
| | - Randy L Jirtle
- Department of Oncology; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Division of Gynecologic Oncology; School of Medicine; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
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Baiocchi M, Yousuf FS, Hussain K. Hypopituitarism in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome due to hypomethylation of KvDMR1. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e1082-6. [PMID: 24639276 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is caused by dysregulation of imprinted genes on chromosome 11.p15.5. The syndrome includes overgrowth, macroglossia, organomegaly, abdominal wall defects, hypoglycemia, and long-term malignancy risk. No patient who has BWS has been reported with hypopituitarism. We describe a patient who presented at birth with macrosomia, macroglossia, respiratory distress, jaundice, and hypoglycemia, and who was followed for 4.5 years. Genetic test for BWS was performed, which detected loss of maternal methylation on region KvDMR1 (11p15.5). The hypoglycemia was attributable to hyperinsulinism and was treated with diazoxide and chlorothiazide. She responded well, but the hypoglycemia returned after reducing the diazoxide. It was possible to stop the diazoxide after 2.5 years. On routine follow-up she was noted to be developing short stature. Baseline pituitary and growth hormone (GH) stimulation tests detected GH deficiency and secondary hypothyroidism. A brain MRI showed a small anterior pituitary gland. Thereafter, thyroxine and replacement therapy with GH were started, which resulted in a remarkable improvement in growth velocity. This is the first patient to be reported as having hypopituitarism and BWS. It is unclear if the BWS and the hypopituitarism are somehow connected; however, further investigations are necessary. Hypopituitarism explains the protracted hypoglycemia and the short stature. In our patient, GH therapy seems to be safe, but strict follow-up is required given the increased cancer risk related to BWS.
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Skaar DA, Li Y, Bernal AJ, Hoyo C, Murphy SK, Jirtle RL. The human imprintome: regulatory mechanisms, methods of ascertainment, and roles in disease susceptibility. ILAR J 2014; 53:341-58. [PMID: 23744971 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.53.3-4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes form a special subset of the genome, exhibiting monoallelic expression in a parent-of-origin-dependent fashion. This monoallelic expression is controlled by parental-specific epigenetic marks, which are established in gametogenesis and early embryonic development and are persistent in all somatic cells throughout life. We define this specific set of cis-acting epigenetic regulatory elements as the imprintome, a distinct and specially tasked subset of the epigenome. Imprintome elements contain DNA methylation and histone modifications that regulate monoallelic expression by affecting promoter accessibility, chromatin structure, and chromatin configuration. Understanding their regulation is critical because a significant proportion of human imprinted genes are implicated in complex diseases. Significant species variation in the repertoire of imprinted genes and their epigenetic regulation, however, will not allow model organisms solely to be used for this crucial purpose. Ultimately, only the human will suffice to accurately define the human imprintome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Skaar
- Department of Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Tee L, Lim DH, Dias RP, Baudement MO, Slater AA, Kirby G, Hancocks T, Stewart H, Hardy C, Macdonald F, Maher ER. Epimutation profiling in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: relationship with assisted reproductive technology. Clin Epigenetics 2013; 5:23. [PMID: 24325814 PMCID: PMC3878854 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-5-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder associated with abnormalities in 11p15.5 imprinted genes. The most common cause is loss of methylation (epimutation) at the imprinting control centre 2 (IC2/KvDMR1). Most IC2 epimutations occur sporadically but an association with conception after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has been reported. A subgroup of IC2 epimutation cases also harbour epimutations at other imprinting centres (ICs) outside of 11p15.5. We have investigated the relationship between these multiple epimutation cases (ME+), history of ART and clinical phenotype in a cohort of 187 BWS IC2 epimutation patients. Results Methylation analysis at PLAGL1, MEST and IGF2R ICs demonstrated an over-representation of patients with abnormally low methylation (8.5%, 12% and 6% respectively). At IGF2R some patients (2%) had gain of methylation but this was also detected in controls. Though there were no significant correlations between the methylation index (MIs) at the three ICs tested, a subset of patients appeared to be susceptible to multiple epimutations (ME+) and 21.2% of ME + patients had been conceived by ART compared to 4.5% (P = 0.0033) without additional epimutations. Methylation array profiling (Illumina Goldengate®) of patients and controls (excluding 11p15.5 loci) demonstrated significant differences between patients and controls. No significant associations were found between aspects of the BWS phenotype and individual epimutations but we describe a case presenting with a post-ART BWS-like phenotype in which molecular analysis demonstrated loss of paternal allele methylation at the 11p15.5 IC1 locus (IC1 regulates imprinting of IGF2 and H19). Loss of paternal allele methylation at the IC1 is the molecular finding associated with Silver-Russell syndrome whereas BWS is associated with gain of maternal allele methylation at IC1. Further analysis demonstrated epimutations at PLAGL1 and MEST consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of multiple epimutations may be of clinical relevance. Conclusions These findings suggest that the ME + subgroup of BWS patients are preferentially, but not exclusively, associated with a history of ART and that, though at present, there are no clear epigenotype-phenotype correlations for ME + BWS patients, non-11p15.5 IC epimutations can influence clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eamonn R Maher
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Dias RP, Maher ER. Genes, assisted reproductive technology and trans-illumination. Epigenomics 2013; 5:331-40. [PMID: 23750647 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin allele-specific epigenetic process that is critical for normal development and health. The establishment and maintenance of normal imprinting is dependent on both cis-acting imprinting control centers, which are marked by differentially (parental allele specific) methylated marks, and trans mechanisms, which regulate the establishment and/or maintenance of the correct methylation epigenotype at the imprinting control centers. Studies of rare human imprinting disorders such as familial hydatidiform mole, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and familial transient neonatal diabetes mellitus have enabled the identification of genetic (e.g., mutations in KHDC3L [C6ORF221], NLRP2 [NALP2], NLRP7 [NALP7] and ZFP57) and environmental (assisted reproductive technologies) factors that can disturb the normal trans mechanisms for imprinting establishment and/or maintenance. Here we review the clinical and molecular aspects of these imprinting disorders in order to demonstrate how the study of rare inherited disorders can illuminate the molecular characteristics of fundamental epigenetic processes, such as genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka P Dias
- Centre for Rare Diseases & Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Brioude F, Oliver-Petit I, Blaise A, Praz F, Rossignol S, Le Jule M, Thibaud N, Faussat AM, Tauber M, Le Bouc Y, Netchine I. CDKN1C mutation affecting the PCNA-binding domain as a cause of familial Russell Silver syndrome. J Med Genet 2013; 50:823-30. [PMID: 24065356 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Russell Silver syndrome (RSS) leads to prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. About 55% of RSS patients present a loss-of-methylation of the paternal ICR1 domain on chromosome 11p15. CDKN1C is a cell proliferation inhibitor encoded by an imprinted gene in the 11p15 ICR2 domain. CDKN1C mutations lead to Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome (BWS, overgrowth syndrome) and in IMAGe syndrome which associates growth retardation and adrenal insufficiency. We searched for CDKN1C mutations in a cohort of clinically diagnosed RSS patients with no molecular anomaly. METHOD The coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries of CDKN1C were analysed in 97 RSS patients. The impact of CDKN1C variants on the cell cycle in vitro were determined by flow cytometry. Stability of CDKN1C was studied by western immunoblotting after inhibition of translation with cycloheximide. RESULTS We identified the novel c.836G>[G;T] (p.Arg279Leu) mutation in a familial case of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) with RSS phenotype and no evidence of IMAGe. All the RSS patients inherited this mutation from their mothers (consistent with monoallelic expression from the maternal allele of the gene). A mutation of this amino acid (p.Arg279Pro) has been reported in cases of IMAGe. Functional analysis showed that Arg279Leu (RSS) did not affect the cell cycle, whereas the Arg279Pro mutation (IMAGe) led to a gain of function. Arg279Leu (RSS) led to an increased stability which could explain an increased activity of CDKN1C. CONCLUSIONS CDKN1C mutations cause dominant maternally transmitted RSS, completing the molecular mirror with BWS. CDKN1C should be investigated in cases with family history of RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
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Lee BH, Kim GH, Oh TJ, Kim JH, Lee JJ, Choi SH, Lee JY, Kim JM, Choi IH, Kim YM, Choi JH, Yoo HW. Quantitative analysis of methylation status at 11p15 and 7q21 for the genetic diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Silver-Russell syndrome. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:604-10. [PMID: 23803580 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylation-specific (MS) multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) at two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at chromosome 11p15, H19-DMR and LIT1-DMR, and microsatellite analysis for uniparental disomy (UPD) at chromosome 7 or 11, have been recommended for the genetic diagnosis of the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and the Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). In this study, the efficacy of the MS pyrosequencing method at H19-DMR and LIT1-DMR at 11p15 and SGCE-DMR at 7q21 was evaluated for the genetic diagnosis of BWS (n=18) and SRS (n=20) patients. Epigenetic alterations or UPD were detected in 83% of BWS and 50% of SRS individuals by MS-MLPA, but the detection rate increased to 95% of BWS and 70% of SRS by MS pyrosequencing. Thirteen BWS patients (72%) harbored loss-of-methylation (LOM) at LIT1-DMR and two patients (11%) harbored gain-of-methylation (GOM) at H19-DMR, whereas two patients (11%) had both LOM at LIT1-DMR and GOM at H19-DMR, reflecting paternal UPD 11. Thirteen SRS patients (65%) harbored LOM at H19-DMR, whereas one patient (5%) had GOM at SGCE-DMR, reflecting maternal UPD 7. Birth anthropometric profiles were significantly correlated to methylation scores at either H19-DMR or LIT1-DMR. In conclusion, MS pyrosequencing enhanced the detection rate of molecular defects in BWS and SRS. Moreover, it indicates that methylation status at 11p15.5 might have an important role in fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Hee Lee
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea [2] Genome Research Center for Birth Defects and Genetic Disorders, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea [3] Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nair VV, Chapla A, Arulappan N, Thomas N. Molecular diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young in India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:430-441. [PMID: 23869298 PMCID: PMC3712372 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is highly prevalent in India and the proportion of younger patients developing diabetes is on the increase. Apart from the more universally known type 1 diabetes and obesity related type 2 diabetes, monogenic forms of diabetes are also suspected to be prevalent in many young diabetic patients. The identification of the genetic basis of the disease not only guides in therapeutic decision making, but also aids in genetic counselling and prognostication. Genetic testing may establish the occurrence and frequency of early diabetes in our population. This review attempts to explore the utilities and horizons of molecular genetics in the field of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which include the commoner forms of monogenic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena V. Nair
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Aaron Chapla
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Nishanth Arulappan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
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DNA methylation at imprint regulatory regions in preterm birth and infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:395.e1-7. [PMID: 23477525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To aid in understanding long-term health consequences of intrauterine infections in preterm birth, we evaluated DNA methylation at 9 differentially methylated regions that regulate imprinted genes by type of preterm birth (spontaneous preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or medically indicated [fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia]) and infection status (chorioamnionitis or funisitis). STUDY DESIGN Data on type of preterm birth and infection status were abstracted from medical records and standardized pathology reports in 73 preterm infants enrolled in the Newborn Epigenetics STudy, a prospective cohort study of mother-infant dyads in Durham, NC. Cord blood was collected at birth, and infant DNA methylation levels at the H19, IGF2, MEG3, MEST, SGCE/PEG10, PEG3, NNAT, and PLAGL1 differentially methylated regions were measured using bisulfite pyrosequencing. One-way analyses of variance and logistic regression models were used to compare DNA methylation levels by type of preterm birth and infection status. RESULTS DNA methylation levels did not differ at any of the regions (P > .20) between infants born via spontaneous preterm labor (average n = 29), preterm premature rupture of membranes (average n = 17), or medically indicated preterm birth (average n = 40). Levels were significantly increased at PLAGL1 in infants with chorioamnionitis (n = 10, 64.4%) compared with infants without chorioamnionitis (n = 63, 57.9%), P < .01. DNA methylation levels were also increased at PLAGL1 for infants with funisitis (n = 7, 63.3%) compared with infants without funisitis (n = 66, 58.3%), P < .05. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of PLAGL1 has been associated with abnormal development and cancer. Early-life exposures, including infection/inflammation, may affect epigenetic changes that increase susceptibility to later chronic disease.
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Anwar SL, Krech T, Hasemeier B, Schipper E, Schweitzer N, Vogel A, Kreipe H, Lehmann U. Loss of imprinting and allelic switching at the DLK1-MEG3 locus in human hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49462. [PMID: 23145177 PMCID: PMC3493531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of imprinted genes is an important molecular mechanism contributing to the development of cancer in humans. However, knowledge about imprinting defects in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, is still limited. Therefore, a systematic meta-analysis of the expression of 223 imprinted loci in human HCC was initiated. This screen revealed that the DLK1-MEG3 locus is frequently deregulated in HCC. Deregulation of DLK1 and MEG3 expression accompanied by extensive aberrations in DNA methylation could be confirmed experimentally in an independent series of human HCC (n = 40) in more than 80% of cases. Loss of methylation at the DLK1-MEG3 locus correlates linearly with global loss of DNA methylation in HCC (r(2) = 0.63, p<0.0001). Inhibition of DNMT1 in HCC cells using siRNA led to a reduction in MEG3-DMR methylation and concomitant increase in MEG3 RNA expression. Allele-specific expression analysis identified loss of imprinting in 10 out of 31 informative samples (32%), rendering it one of the most frequent molecular defects in human HCC. In 2 cases unequivocal gain of bi-allelic expression accompanied by substantial loss of methylation at the IG-DMR could be demonstrated. In 8 cases the tumour cells displayed allelic switching by mono-allelic expression of the normally imprinted allele. Allelic switching was accompanied by gains or losses of DNA methylation primarily at IG-DMR1. Analysis of 10 hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) and 5 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) confirmed that this epigenetic instability is specifically associated with the process of malignant transformation and not linked to increased proliferation per se. This widespread imprint instability in human HCC has to be considered in order to minimize unwanted side-effects of therapeutic approaches targeting the DNA methylation machinery. It might also serve in the future as predictive biomarker and for monitoring response to epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Hasemeier
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Schipper
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora Schweitzer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Different methylation patterns in BWS/SRS cases clarified by MS-MLPA. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:263-8. [PMID: 23086270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular abnormalities in the 11p15.5 imprinted gene cluster lead to two different growth diseases: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). They are mainly caused by epigenetic alterations in one of the two imprinting 11p15 control regions (ICR1 and ICR2). These CpG-rich regions are differentially methylated on the maternally and paternally derived chromosomes. We report four different methylation patterns along the BWS/SRS critical region, clarified by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The mathematical processing of the data provides information about alterations in the methylation status: from hypo- to almost complete demethylation of KvDMR, hypo- and hypermethylation of H19DMR and combined results from both regions provide information on paternal uniparental disomy (patUPD). The study concerns two BWS cases with KvDMR hypomethylation and almost complete loss of methylation, respectively; two patUPD11p15 cases with H19DMR hypermethylation/KvDMR hypomethylation, and one SRS case with H19DMR demethylation. In some cases KvDMR hypomethylation in patUPD11p15 can be difficult to assess, which requires combination with STR analysis or alternative method. The STR analysis provides also information on complete or segmental coverage and iso- or heterodisomy. Following this systematic approach, the precise diagnosis can be clarified in a few days and different methylation patterns could be detected.
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de Mascena Diniz Maia PFC, da Silva TME, Angelo HD, e Silva LW, Gondim Martins DB, Maia MDMD, de Lima Filho JL. IGF2/ApaIpolymorphism associated with birth weight in children of the region of Petrolina–PE, Brazil. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 26:316-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.733769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Anckaert E, De Rycke M, Smitz J. Culture of oocytes and risk of imprinting defects. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 19:52-66. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lefebvre L. The placental imprintome and imprinted gene function in the trophoblast glycogen cell lineage. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:44-57. [PMID: 22560119 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes represent a unique class of autosomal genes expressed from only one of the parental alleles during development. The choice of the expressed allele is not random but rather is determined by the parental origin of the allele. Consequently, the mouse genome contains more than 100 genes expressed preferentially or exclusively from the maternally or the paternally inherited allele. Current research efforts are focused on understanding the molecular mechanism of this epigenetic phenomenon as well as the biological functions of the genes under its regulation. Both theoretical considerations and experimental results support a role for genomic imprinting in the regulation of embryonic growth and placental biology. In this review, recent efforts to establish the complete set of genes showing imprinted expression in the mouse placenta are first discussed. Then, the evidence suggesting that imprinted genes might be implicated in the emergence, maintenance and function of trophoblast glycogen cells is presented. Although the origin and functions of this trophoblast cell lineage are currently unknown, the analysis of mutations in imprinted genes in the mouse are providing new insights into these issues. The implications of this work for placental pathologies in human are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lefebvre
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Epigenetics Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Tunster SJ, Van de Pette M, John RM. Fetal overgrowth in the Cdkn1c mouse model of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:814-21. [PMID: 21729874 PMCID: PMC3209650 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the imprinted CDKN1C gene are associated with the childhood developmental disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). Multiple mouse models with deficiency of Cdkn1c recapitulate some aspects of BWS but do not exhibit overgrowth of the newborn, a cardinal feature of patients with BWS. In this study, we found that Cdkn1c mutants attained a 20% increase in weight during gestation but experienced a rapid reversal of this positive growth trajectory very late in gestation. We observed a marked effect on placental development concurrently with this loss of growth potential, with the appearance of large thrombotic lesions in the labyrinth zone. The trilaminar trophoblast layer that separates the maternal blood sinusoids from fetal capillaries was disordered with a loss of sinusoidal giant cells, suggesting a role for Cdkn1c in maintaining the integrity of the maternal-fetal interface. Furthermore, the overgrowth of mutant pups decreased in the face of increasing intrauterine competition, identifying a role for Cdkn1c in the allocation of the maternal resources via the placenta. This work explains one difficulty in precisely replicating BWS in this animal model: the differences in reproductive strategies between the multiparous mouse, in which intrauterine competition is high, and humans, in which singleton pregnancies are more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Tunster
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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Hochberg Z, Feil R, Constancia M, Fraga M, Junien C, Carel JC, Boileau P, Le Bouc Y, Deal CL, Lillycrop K, Scharfmann R, Sheppard A, Skinner M, Szyf M, Waterland RA, Waxman DJ, Whitelaw E, Ong K, Albertsson-Wikland K. Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:159-224. [PMID: 20971919 PMCID: PMC3365792 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments. Environmental conditions that are experienced in early life can profoundly influence human biology and long-term health. Developmental origins of health and disease and life-history transitions are purported to use placental, nutritional, and endocrine cues for setting long-term biological, mental, and behavioral strategies in response to local ecological and/or social conditions. The window of developmental plasticity extends from preconception to early childhood and involves epigenetic responses to environmental changes, which exert their effects during life-history phase transitions. These epigenetic responses influence development, cell- and tissue-specific gene expression, and sexual dimorphism, and, in exceptional cases, could be transmitted transgenerationally. Translational epigenetic research in child health is a reiterative process that ranges from research in the basic sciences, preclinical research, and pediatric clinical research. Identifying the epigenetic consequences of fetal programming creates potential applications in clinical practice: the development of epigenetic biomarkers for early diagnosis of disease, the ability to identify susceptible individuals at risk for adult diseases, and the development of novel preventive and curative measures that are based on diet and/or novel epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hochberg
- Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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