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Ochieng BO, Zhao L, Ye Z. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Vascular Tissue Engineering and Tissue Vascularization of Cardiovascular Diseases. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:340-358. [PMID: 37885200 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, significant progress has been made in repairing damaged materials through material engineering. However, the creation of large-scale artificial materials still faces a major challenge in achieving proper vascularization. To address this issue, researchers have turned to biomaterials and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques, which allow for the combination of multiple biomaterials with improved mechanical and biological properties that mimic natural materials. Hydrogels, known for their ability to support living cells and biological components, have played a crucial role in this research. Among the recent developments, 3D bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for constructing hybrid scaffolds. However, there are several challenges in the field of bioprinting, including the need for nanoscale biomimicry, the formulation of hydrogel blends, and the ongoing complexity of vascularizing biomaterials, which requires further research. On a positive note, 3D bioprinting offers a solution to the vascularization problem due to its precise spatial control, scalability, and reproducibility compared with traditional fabrication methods. This paper aims at examining the recent advancements in 3D bioprinting technology for creating blood vessels, vasculature, and vascularized materials. It provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made and discusses the limitations and challenges faced in current 3D bioprinting of vascularized tissues. In addition, the paper highlights the future research directions focusing on the development of 3D bioprinting techniques and bioinks for creating functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Omondi Ochieng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Dobner J, Nguyen T, Dunkel A, Prigione A, Krutmann J, Rossi A. Mitochondrial DNA integrity and metabolome profile are preserved in the human induced pluripotent stem cell reference line KOLF2.1J. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:343-350. [PMID: 38402620 PMCID: PMC10937150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Quality control of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to ensure reproducibility of research. Recently, KOLF2.1J was characterized and published as a male iPSC reference line to study neurological disorders. Emerging evidence suggests potential negative effects of mtDNA mutations, but its integrity was not analyzed in the original publication. To assess mtDNA integrity, we conducted a targeted mtDNA analysis followed by untargeted metabolomics analysis. We found that KOLF2.1J mtDNA integrity was intact at the time of publication and is still preserved in the commercially distributed cell line. In addition, the basal KOLF2.1J metabolome profile was similar to that of the two commercially available iPSC lines IMR90 and iPSC12, but clearly distinct from an in-house-generated ERCC6R683X/R683X iPSC line modeling Cockayne syndrome. Conclusively, we validate KOLF2.1J as a reference iPSC line, and encourage scientists to conduct mtDNA analysis and unbiased metabolomics whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Dobner
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thach Nguyen
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Bose D, Ortolan D, Farnoodian M, Sharma R, Bharti K. Considerations for Developing an Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Replacement Therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041295. [PMID: 37487631 PMCID: PMC10910357 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell-replacement therapies are a new class of treatments, which include induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived tissues that aim to replace degenerated cells. iPSCs can potentially be used to generate any cell type of the body, making them a powerful tool for treating degenerative diseases. Cell replacement for retinal degenerative diseases is at the forefront of cell therapies, given the accessibility of the eye for surgical procedures and a huge unmet medical need for retinal degenerative diseases with no current treatment options. Clinical trials are ongoing in different parts of the world using stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This review focuses on scientific and regulatory considerations when developing an iPSC-derived RPE cell therapy from the development of a robust and efficient differentiation protocol to critical quality control assays for cell validation, the choice of an appropriate animal model for preclinical testing, and the regulatory aspects that dictate the final approval for proceeding to a first-in-human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Bose
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Davide Ortolan
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mitra Farnoodian
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Sadeghi S, Mosaffa N, Huang B, Ramezani Tehrani F. Protective role of stem cells in POI: Current status and mechanism of action, a review article. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23271. [PMID: 38169739 PMCID: PMC10758796 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) has far-reaching consequences on women's life quality. Due to the lack of full recognition of the etiology and complexity of this disease, there is no appropriate treatment for infected patients. Recently, stem cell therapy has attracted the attention of regenerative medicine scholars and offered promising outcomes for POI patients. Several kinds of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used for the treatment of ovarian diseases. However, their potential protective mechanisms are still unknown. Undoubtedly, a better understanding of the therapeutic molecular and cellular mechanisms of stem cells will address uncover strategies to increase their clinical application for multiple disorders such as POI. This paper describes a detailed account of the potential properties of different types of stem cells and provides a comprehensive review of their protective mechanisms, particularly MSC, in POI disorder. In addition, ongoing challenges and several strategies to improve the efficacy of MSC in clinical use are addressed. Therefore, this review will provide proof-of-concept for further clinical application of stem cells in POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Sadeghi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Boxian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Foundation for Research & Education Excellence, AL, USA
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Bruno S, Schlaeger TM, Del Vecchio D. Epigenetic OCT4 regulatory network: stochastic analysis of cellular reprogramming. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:3. [PMID: 38184707 PMCID: PMC10771499 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that chromatin modifiers have a critical effect on cellular reprogramming, i.e., the conversion of differentiated cells to pluripotent stem cells. Here, we develop a model of the OCT4 gene regulatory network that includes genes expressing chromatin modifiers TET1 and JMJD2, and the chromatin modification circuit on which these modifiers act. We employ this model to compare three reprogramming approaches that have been considered in the literature with respect to reprogramming efficiency and latency variability. These approaches are overexpression of OCT4 alone, overexpression of OCT4 with TET1, and overexpression of OCT4 with JMJD2. Our results show more efficient and less variable reprogramming when also JMJD2 and TET1 are overexpressed, consistent with previous experimental data. Nevertheless, TET1 overexpression can lead to more efficient reprogramming compared to JMJD2 overexpression. This is the case when the recruitment of DNA methylation by H3K9me3 is weak and the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins are sufficiently scarce such that they do not hamper TET1 binding to methylated DNA. The model that we developed provides a mechanistic understanding of existing experimental results and is also a tool for designing optimized reprogramming approaches that combine overexpression of cell-fate specific transcription factors (TFs) with targeted recruitment of epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bruno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thorsten M Schlaeger
- Boston Children's Hospital Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Domitilla Del Vecchio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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6
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Wang XH, Liu N, Zhang H, Yin ZS, Zha ZG. From cells to organs: progress and potential in cartilaginous organoids research. J Transl Med 2023; 21:926. [PMID: 38129833 PMCID: PMC10740223 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While cartilage tissue engineering has significantly improved the speed and quality of cartilage regeneration, the underlying metabolic mechanisms are complex, making research in this area lengthy and challenging. In the past decade, organoids have evolved rapidly as valuable research tools. Methods to create these advanced human cell models range from simple tissue culture techniques to complex bioengineering approaches. Cartilaginous organoids in part mimic the microphysiology of human cartilage and fill a gap in high-fidelity cartilage disease models to a certain extent. They hold great promise to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of a diversity of cartilage diseases and prove crucial in the development of new drugs. This review will focus on the research progress of cartilaginous organoids and propose strategies for cartilaginous organoid construction, study directions, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-He Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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Zhou AK, Jou E, Lu V, Zhang J, Chabra S, Abishek J, Wong E, Zeng X, Guo B. Using Pre-Clinical Studies to Explore the Potential Clinical Uses of Exosomes Secreted from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:793-809. [PMID: 37651091 PMCID: PMC10519927 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have indicated high potential clinical applications in many diseases. However, the limited source of MSCs impedes their clinical research and application. Most recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a promising source of MSCs. Exosome therapy based on iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) is a novel technique with much of its therapeutic potential untapped. Compared to MSCs, iMSCs have proved superior in cell proliferation, immunomodulation, generation of exosomes capable of controlling the microenvironment, and bioactive paracrine factor secretion, while also theoretically eliminating the dependence on immunosuppression drugs. The therapeutic effects of iMSC-derived exosomes are explored in many diseases and are best studied in wound healing, cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal pathology. It is pertinent clinicians have a strong understanding of stem cell therapy and the latest advances that will eventually translate into clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the various applications of exosomes derived from iMSCs in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kailin Zhou
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Watford General Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eric Jou
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor Lu
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Zhang
- Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Department of Trauma And Orthopaedics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shirom Chabra
- School Of Clinical Medicine, University Of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Xianwei Zeng
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to National Research Centre for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Ministry of Civil Affairs of China, Beijing, China.
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Leonel ECR, Dadashzadeh A, Moghassemi S, Vlieghe H, Wyns C, Orellana R, Amorim CA. New Solutions for Old Problems: How Reproductive Tissue Engineering Has Been Revolutionizing Reproductive Medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2143-2171. [PMID: 37468688 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Acquired disorders and congenital defects of the male and female reproductive systems can have profound impacts on patients, causing sexual and endocrine dysfunction and infertility, as well as psychosocial consequences that affect their self-esteem, identity, sexuality, and relationships. Reproductive tissue engineering (REPROTEN) is a promising approach to restore fertility and improve the quality of life of patients with reproductive disorders by developing, replacing, or regenerating cells, tissues, and organs from the reproductive and urinary systems. In this review, we explore the latest advancements in REPROTEN techniques and their applications for addressing degenerative conditions in male and female reproductive organs. We discuss current research and clinical outcomes and highlight the potential of 3D constructs utilizing biomaterials such as scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules. Our review offers a comprehensive guide for researchers and clinicians, providing insights into how to reestablish reproductive tissue structure and function using innovative surgical approaches and biomaterials. We highlight the benefits of REPROTEN for patients, including preservation of fertility and hormonal production, reconstruction of uterine and cervical structures, and restoration of sexual and urinary functions. Despite significant progress, REPROTEN still faces ethical and technical challenges that need to be addressed. Our review underscores the importance of continued research in this field to advance the development of effective and safe REPROTEN approaches for patients with reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C R Leonel
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Wyns
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renan Orellana
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Luo Q, Wang N, Que H, Mai E, Hu Y, Tan R, Gu J, Gong P. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells: Induction Methods and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11592. [PMID: 37511351 PMCID: PMC10380504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of regenerative medicine provides new options for the treatment of end-stage liver diseases. Stem cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are effective tools for tissue repair in regenerative medicine. iPSCs are an appropriate source of hepatocytes for the treatment of liver disease due to their unlimited multiplication capacity, their coverage of the entire range of genetics required to simulate human disease, and their evasion of ethical implications. iPSCs have the ability to gradually produce hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) with homologous phenotypes and physiological functions. However, how to induce iPSCs to differentiate into HLCs efficiently and accurately is still a hot topic. This review describes the existing approaches for inducing the differentiation of iPSCs into HLCs, as well as some challenges faced, and summarizes various parameters for determining the quality and functionality of HLCs. Furthermore, the application of iPSCs for in vitro hepatoprotective drug screening and modeling of liver disease is discussed. In conclusion, iPSCs will be a dependable source of cells for stem-cell therapy to treat end-stage liver disease and are anticipated to facilitate individualized treatment for liver disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Hanyun Que
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Erziya Mai
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
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Rong Y, Wang Z, Tang P, Wang J, Ji C, Chang J, Zhu Y, Ye W, Bai J, Liu W, Yin G, Yu L, Zhou X, Cai W. Engineered extracellular vesicles for delivery of siRNA promoting targeted repair of traumatic spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:328-342. [PMID: 36474657 PMCID: PMC9706413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disease of the nervous system that causes irreparable damage and loss of function, for which no effective treatments are available to date. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying therapeutic molecules hold promise as an alternative SCI therapy depending on the specific functionalized EVs and the appropriate engineering strategy. In this study, we demonstrated the design of a drug delivery system of peptide CAQK-modified, siRNA-loaded EVs (C-EVs-siRNA) for SCI-targeted therapy. The peptide CAQK was anchored through a chemical modification to the membranes of EVs isolated from induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). CCL2-siRNA was then loaded into the EVs through electroporation. The modified EVs still maintained the basic properties of EVs and showed favorable targeting and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. C-EVs-siRNA specifically delivered siRNA to the SCI region and was taken up by target cells. C-EVs-siRNA used the inherent anti-inflammatory and neuroreparative functions of iNSCs-derived EVs in synergy with the loaded siRNA, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect against SCI. The combination of targeted modified EVs and siRNA effectively regulated the microenvironmental disturbance after SCI, promoted the transformation of microglia/macrophages from M1 to M2 and limited the negative effects of the inflammatory response and neuronal injury on functional recovery in mice after SCI. Thus, engineered EVs are a potentially feasible and efficacious treatment for SCI, and may also be used to develop targeted treatments for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuluo Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuanghui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyue Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lipeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Binaymotlagh R, Chronopoulou L, Palocci C. Peptide-Based Hydrogels: Template Materials for Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040233. [PMID: 37103323 PMCID: PMC10145623 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue and organ regeneration are challenging issues, yet they represent the frontier of current research in the biomedical field. Currently, a major problem is the lack of ideal scaffold materials' definition. As well known, peptide hydrogels have attracted increasing attention in recent years thanks to significant properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, good mechanical stability, and tissue-like elasticity. Such properties make them excellent candidates for 3D scaffold materials. In this review, the first aim is to describe the main features of a peptide hydrogel in order to be considered as a 3D scaffold, focusing in particular on mechanical properties, as well as on biodegradability and bioactivity. Then, some recent applications of peptide hydrogels in tissue engineering, including soft and hard tissues, will be discussed to analyze the most relevant research trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Binaymotlagh
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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12
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Niu X, Xia Y, Luo L, Chen Y, Yuan J, Zhang J, Zheng X, Li Q, Deng Z, Wang Y. iPSC-sEVs alleviate microglia senescence to protect against ischemic stroke in aged mice. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100600. [PMID: 36936398 PMCID: PMC10020681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of microglia plays an important role in the outcome of ischemic stroke (IS). In the aged population, senescent microglia show a predominant pro-inflammatory phenotype, which leads to worse outcomes in aged ischemic stroke compared to young ischemic stroke. Recent research demonstrated that inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (iPSC-sEVs) possess the significant anti-ageing ability. We hypothesized that iPSC-sEVs could alleviate microglia senescence to regulate microglia polarization in aged ischemic stroke. In this study, we showed that treatment with iPSC-sEVs significantly alleviated microglia senescence as indicated by the decreased senescence-associated proteins including P16, P21, P53, and γ-H2AX as well as the activity of SA-β-gal, and inhibited pro-inflammatory activation of microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, iPSC-sEVs shifted microglia from pro-inflammatory phenotype to anti-inflammatory phenotype, which reduced the apoptosis of neurons, and improved the outcome of aged stroke mice. Mechanism studies showed that iPSC-sEVs reversed the loss of Rictor and downstream p-AKT (s473) in senescent microglia, which was involved in the senescence and pro-inflammatory phenotype regulation of microglia. Inhibition of Rictor abolished the iPSC-sEVs-afforded phosphorylation of AKT and alleviation of inflammation of senescent microglia. Proteomics results indicated that iPSC-sEVs carried transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to upregulate Rictor and p-AKT in senescent microglia, which could be hindered by blocking TGF-β1. Taken together, our work demonstrates iPSC-sEVs reverse the senescent characteristic of microglia in aged brains and therefore improve the outcome after stroke, at least, via delivering TGF-β1 to upregulate Rictor and p-AKT. Our data suggest that iPSC-sEVs might be a novelty therapeutic method for aged ischemic stroke and other diseases involving senescent microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
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Silva-Pedrosa R, Salgado AJ, Ferreira PE. Revolutionizing Disease Modeling: The Emergence of Organoids in Cellular Systems. Cells 2023; 12:930. [PMID: 36980271 PMCID: PMC10047824 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular models have created opportunities to explore the characteristics of human diseases through well-established protocols, while avoiding the ethical restrictions associated with post-mortem studies and the costs associated with researching animal models. The capability of cell reprogramming, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology, solved the complications associated with human embryonic stem cells (hESC) usage. Moreover, iPSCs made significant contributions for human medicine, such as in diagnosis, therapeutic and regenerative medicine. The two-dimensional (2D) models allowed for monolayer cellular culture in vitro; however, they were surpassed by the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system. The 3D cell culture provides higher cell-cell contact and a multi-layered cell culture, which more closely respects cellular morphology and polarity. It is more tightly able to resemble conditions in vivo and a closer approach to the architecture of human tissues, such as human organoids. Organoids are 3D cellular structures that mimic the architecture and function of native tissues. They are generated in vitro from stem cells or differentiated cells, such as epithelial or neural cells, and are used to study organ development, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Organoids have become a powerful tool for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying human physiology, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of cancer, metabolic diseases, and brain disorders. Although organoid technology is up-and-coming, it also has some limitations that require improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silva-Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.J.S.); (P.E.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.J.S.); (P.E.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Eduardo Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.J.S.); (P.E.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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14
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Bruno S, Vecchio DD. The epigenetic Oct4 gene regulatory network: stochastic analysis of different cellular reprogramming approaches. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530689. [PMID: 36909486 PMCID: PMC10002722 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, several experimental studies have shown how chromatin modifications (histone modifications and DNA methylation) and their effect on DNA compaction have a critical effect on cellular reprogramming, i.e., the conversion of differentiated cells to a pluripotent state. In this paper, we compare three reprogramming approaches that have been considered in the literature: (a) prefixed overexpression of transcription factors (TFs) alone (Oct4), (b) prefixed overexpression of Oct4 and DNA methylation "eraser" TET, and (c) prefixed overexpression of Oct4 and H3K9me3 eraser JMJD2. To this end, we develop a model of the pluritpotency gene regulatory network, that includes, for each gene, a circuit recently published encapsulating the main interactions among chromatin modifications and their effect on gene expression. We then conduct a computational study to evaluate, for each reprogramming approach, latency and variability. Our results show a faster and less stochastic reprogramming process when also eraser enzymes are overexpressed, consistent with previous experimental data. However, TET overexpression leads to a faster and more efficient reprogramming compared to JMJD2 overexpression when the recruitment of DNA methylation by H3K9me3 is weak and the MBD protein level is sufficiently low such that it does not hamper TET binding to methylated DNA. The model developed here provides a mechanistic understanding of the outcomes of former experimental studies and is also a tool for the development of optimized reprogramming approaches that combine TF overexpression with modifiers of chromatin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bruno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Domitilla Del Vecchio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
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15
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Treherne JM, Miller AF. Novel hydrogels: are they poised to transform 3D cell-based assay systems in early drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:335-346. [PMID: 36722285 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2175813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Success in drug discovery remains unpredictable. However, more predictive and relevant disease models are becoming pivotal to demonstrating the clinical benefits of new drugs earlier in the lengthy drug discovery process. Novel hydrogel scaffolds are being developed to transform the relevance of such 3D cell-based in vitro assay systems. AREAS COVERED Most traditional hydrogels are still of unknown composition and suffer significant batch-to-batch variations, which lead to technical constraints. This article looks at how a new generation of novel synthetic hydrogels that are based on self-assembling peptides are poised to transform 3D cell-based assay systems by improving their relevance, reproducibility and scalability. EXPERT OPINION The emerging advantages of using these novel hydrogels for human 3D screening assays should enable the discovery of more cost-effective drugs, leading to improved patient benefits. Such a disruptive change could also reduce the considerable time lag from obtaining in vitro assay data to initiating clinical trials. There is now a sufficient body of data available in the literature to enable this ambition to become a reality by significantly improving the predictive validity of 3D cell-based assays in early drug discovery. Novel hydrogels are key to unlocking the full potential of these assay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Treherne
- Talisman Therapeutics Ltd, Jonas Webb Building and Cell Guidance Sysyems Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aline F Miller
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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16
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Wu P, Sai X, Li Z, Ye X, Jin L, Liu G, Li G, Yang P, Zhao M, Zhu S, Liu N, Zhu P. Maturation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and its therapeutic effect on myocardial infarction in mouse. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:286-305. [PMID: 35702609 PMCID: PMC9167678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have an irreplaceable role in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), which can be injected into the transplanted area with new cardiomyocytes (Cardiomyocytes, CMs), and improve myocardial function. However, the immaturity of the structure and function of iPSC-CMs is the main bottleneck at present. Since collagen participates in the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM), we synthesized nano colloidal gelatin (Gel) with collagen as the main component, and confirmed that the biomaterial has good biocompatibility and is suitable for cellular in vitro growth. Subsequently, we combined the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor BEZ-235 with Gel and found that the two combined increased the sarcomere length and action potential amplitude (APA) of iPSC-CMs, and improved the Ca2+ processing ability, the maturation of mitochondrial morphological structure and metabolic function. Not only that, Gel can also prolong the retention rate of iPSC-CMs in the myocardium and increase the expression of Cx43 and angiogenesis in the transplanted area of mature iPSC-CMs, which also provides a reliable basis for the subsequent treatment of mature iPSC-CMs. BEZ-235 + Gel promotes the maturation of sarcomere structure in iPSC-CMs. BEZ-235 + Gel promotes electrophysiological maturation of iPSC-CMs. BEZ-235 + Gel increases mitochondrial respiration in iPSC-CMs. Gel loaded with mature iPSC-CMs enhanced angiogenesis and gap junction formation at the injection site.
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17
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Prospects and Challenges of Electrospun Cell and Drug Delivery Vehicles to Correct Urethral Stricture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810519. [PMID: 36142432 PMCID: PMC9502833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic modalities to treat urethral strictures are associated with several challenges and shortcomings. Therefore, significant strides have been made to develop strategies with minimal side effects and the highest therapeutic potential. In this framework, electrospun scaffolds incorporated with various cells or bioactive agents have provided promising vistas to repair urethral defects. Due to the biomimetic nature of these constructs, they can efficiently mimic the native cells’ niches and provide essential microenvironmental cues for the safe transplantation of multiple cell types. Furthermore, these scaffolds are versatile platforms for delivering various drug molecules, growth factors, and nucleic acids. This review discusses the recent progress, applications, and challenges of electrospun scaffolds to deliver cells or bioactive agents during the urethral defect repair process. First, the current status of electrospinning in urethral tissue engineering is presented. Then, the principles of electrospinning in drug and cell delivery applications are reviewed. Finally, the recent preclinical studies are summarized and the current challenges are discussed.
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18
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Upadhyay TK, Trivedi R, Khan F, Pandey P, Sharangi AB, Goel H, Saeed M, Park MN, Kim B. Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal-Derived Stem Cells as an Alternative Therapy to Combat COVID-19 through Cytokines Storm. Cells 2022; 11:2686. [PMID: 36078094 PMCID: PMC9455060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical health systems continue to be challenged due to newly emerging COVID-19, and there is an urgent need for alternative approaches for treatment. An increasing number of clinical observations indicate cytokine storms to be associated with COVID-19 severity and also to be a significant cause of death among COVID-19 patients. Cytokine storm involves the extensive proliferative and hyperactive activity of T and macrophage cells and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Stem cells are the type of cell having self-renewal properties and giving rise to differentiated cells. Currently, stem cell therapy is an exciting and promising therapeutic approach that can treat several diseases that were considered incurable in the past. It may be possible to develop novel methods to treat various diseases by identifying stem cells' growth and differentiation factors. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in medicine is anticipated to be highly effective. The present review article is organized to put forward the positive arguments and implications in support of mesenchymal stem cell therapy as an alternative therapy to cytokine storms, to combat COVID-19. Using the immunomodulatory potential of the MSCs, it is possible to fight against COVID-19 and counterbalance the cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Rashmi Trivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Amit Baran Sharangi
- Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops, BCKV-Agricultural University, Mohanpur 741252, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110023, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05254, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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19
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Fan WJ, Liu D, Pan LY, Wang WY, Ding YL, Zhang YY, Ye RX, Zhou Y, An SB, Xiao WF. Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949690. [PMID: 35959489 PMCID: PMC9362859 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has remained a prevalent public health problem worldwide over the past decades. OA is a global challenge because its specific pathogenesis is unclear, and no effective disease-modifying drugs are currently available. Exosomes are small and single-membrane vesicles secreted via the formation of endocytic vesicles and multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which are eventually released when MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane. Exosomes contain various integral surface proteins derived from cells, intercellular proteins, DNAs, RNAs, amino acids, and metabolites. By transferring complex constituents and promoting macrophages to generate chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, exosomes function in pathophysiological processes in OA, including local inflammation, cartilage calcification and degradation of osteoarthritic joints. Exosomes are also detected in synovial fluid and plasma, and their levels continuously change with OA progression. Thus, exosomes, specifically exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs, potentially represent multicomponent diagnostic biomarkers for OA. Exosomes derived from various types of mesenchymal stem cells and other cell or tissue types affect angiogenesis, inflammation, and bone remodeling. These exosomes exhibit promising capabilities to restore OA cartilage, attenuate inflammation, and balance cartilage matrix formation and degradation, thus demonstrating therapeutic potential in OA. In combination with biocompatible and highly adhesive materials, such as hydrogels and cryogels, exosomes may facilitate cartilage tissue engineering therapies for OA. Based on numerous recent studies, we summarized the latent mechanisms and clinical value of exosomes in OA in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Fan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Yuan Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Yang Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Lan Ding
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Yao Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Xi Ye
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yang Zhou, ; Sen-Bo An, ; Wen-Feng Xiao,
| | - Sen-Bo An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yang Zhou, ; Sen-Bo An, ; Wen-Feng Xiao,
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yang Zhou, ; Sen-Bo An, ; Wen-Feng Xiao,
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20
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Chigurupati S, Felemban SG, Alsubayiel AM, Iqbal MS, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S, Mostafavi E. "Cutting the Mustard" with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview and Applications in Healthcare Paradigm. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2757-2780. [PMID: 35793037 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of numerous ailments has been made accessible by the advent of genetic engineering, where the self-renewal property has unfolded the mysteries of regeneration, i.e., stem cells. This is narrowed down to pluripotency, the cell property of differentiating into other adult cells. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was a major breakthrough in 2006, which was generated by a cocktail of 4 Yamanaka Factors, following which significant advancements have been reported in medical science and therapeutics. The iPSCs are reprogrammed from somatic cells, and the fascinating results focused on developing authentic techniques for their generation via molecular reprogramming mechanisms, with a plethora of molecules, like NANOG, miRNAs, and DNA modifying agents, etc. The iPSCs have exhibited reliable results in assessing the etiology and molecular mechanisms of diseases, followed by the development of possible treatments and the elimination of risks of immune rejection. The authors formulate a comprehensive review to develop a clear understanding of iPSC generation, their advantages and limitations, with potential challenges associated with their medical utility. In addition, a wide compendium of applications of iPSCs in regenerative medicine and disease modeling has been discussed, alongside bioengineering technologies for iPSC reprogramming, expansion, isolation, and differentiation. The manuscript aims to provide a holistic picture of the booming advancement of iPSC therapy, to attract the attention of global researchers, to investigate this versatile approach in treatment of multiple disorders, subsequently overcoming the challenges, in order to effectively expand its therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubayiel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.,School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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21
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Kitsuka T, Hama R, Ulziibayar A, Matsuzaki Y, Kelly J, Shinoka T. Clinical Application for Tissue Engineering Focused on Materials. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1439. [PMID: 35740460 PMCID: PMC9220152 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular-related medical conditions remain a significant cause of death worldwide despite the advent of tissue engineering research more than half a century ago. Although autologous tissue is still the preferred treatment, donor tissue is limited, and there remains a need for tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). The production of extensive vascular tissue (>1 cm3) in vitro meets the clinical needs of tissue grafts and biological research applications. The use of TEVGs in human patients remains limited due to issues related to thrombogenesis and stenosis. In addition to the advancement of simple manufacturing methods, the shift of attention to the combination of synthetic polymers and bio-derived materials and cell sources has enabled synergistic combinations of vascular tissue development. This review details the selection of biomaterials, cell sources and relevant clinical trials related to large diameter vascular grafts. Finally, we will discuss the remaining challenges in the tissue engineering field resulting from complex requirements by covering both basic and clinical research from the perspective of material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kitsuka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (T.K.); (R.H.); (A.U.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Rikako Hama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (T.K.); (R.H.); (A.U.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-Cho, Koganei 184-8588, Japan
| | - Anudari Ulziibayar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (T.K.); (R.H.); (A.U.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Yuichi Matsuzaki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (T.K.); (R.H.); (A.U.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
| | - John Kelly
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (T.K.); (R.H.); (A.U.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (T.K.); (R.H.); (A.U.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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22
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Bruschi M, Sahu N, Singla M, Grandi F, Agarwal P, Chu C, Bhutani N. A Quick and Efficient Method for the Generation of Immunomodulatory Mesenchymal Stromal Cell from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:433-446. [PMID: 34693750 PMCID: PMC9131357 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated for their regenerative capacity, anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial immunomodulatory effects across multiple clinical indications. Nevertheless, their widespread clinical utilization is limited by the variability in MSC quality, impacted by donor age, metabolism, and disease. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from readily accessible donor tissues, are a promising source of stable and rejuvenated MSC but differentiation methods generally require prolonged culture and result in low frequencies of stable MSCs. To overcome this limitation, we have optimized a quick and efficient method for hiPSC differentiation into footprint-free MSCs (human induced MSCs [hiMSCs]) in this study. This method capitalizes on the synergistic action of growth factors Wnt3a and Activin A with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), leading to an enrichment of MSC after only 4 days of treatment. These hiMSCs demonstrate a significant upregulation of mesenchymal stromal markers (CD105+, CD90+, CD73, and cadherin 11) compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs (bmMSCs), with reduced expression of the pluripotency genes (octamer-binding transcription factor [Oct-4], cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene [c-Myc], Klf4, and Nanog homebox [Nanog]) compared with hiPSC. Moreover, they show improved proliferation capacity in culture without inducing any teratoma formation in vivo. Osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis assays confirmed the ability of hiMSCs to differentiate into the three different lineages. Secretome analyses showed cytokine profiles compared with bmMSCs. Encapsulated hiMSCs in alginate beads cocultured with osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage explants showed robust immunomodulation, with stimulation of cell growth and proteoglycan production in OA cartilage. Our quick and efficient protocol for derivation of hiMSC from hiPSC, and their encapsulation in microbeads, therefore, presents a reliable and reproducible method to boost the clinical applications of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bruschi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Neety Sahu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mamta Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fiorella Grandi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Constance Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, PAVAHCS, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Teraoka S, Honda M, Makishima K, Shimizu R, Tsounapi P, Yumioka T, Iwamoto H, Li P, Morizane S, Hikita K, Hisatome I, Takenaka A. Early effects of an adipose-derived stem cell sheet against detrusor underactivity in a rat cryo-injury model. Life Sci 2022; 301:120604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu X, Zhou L, Wang G, Wang L, Dou H. Hierarchical Structures in Macromolecule-assembled Synthetic Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100926. [PMID: 35445490 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Various models of synthetic cells have been developed as researchers have sought to explore the origin of life. Based on the fact that structural complexity is the foundation of higher-order functions, this review will focus on hierarchical structures in synthetic cell models that are inspired by living systems, in which macromolecules are the dominant participants. We discuss the underlying advantages and functions provided by biomimetic higher-order structures from four perspectives, including hierarchical structures in membranes, in the composite construction of membrane-coated artificial cytoplasm, in organelle-like subcellular compartments, as well as in synthetic cell-cell assembled synthetic tissues. In parallel, various feasible driving forces and approaches for the fabrication of such higher-order structures are showcased. Furthermore, we highlight both the implemented and potential applications of biomimetic systems, bottom-up biosynthesis, biomedical tissue engineering, and disease therapy. This thriving field is gradually narrowing the gap between fundamental research and applied science. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Gangyang Wang
- Gangyang Wang, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Lim SW, Kim KW, Kim BM, Shin YJ, Luo K, Quan Y, Cui S, Ko EJ, Chung BH, Yang CW. Alleviation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by exosomes from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:411-424. [PMID: 34521186 PMCID: PMC8925954 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Renal ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is closely associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) exert powerful therapeutic effects in renal ischemia. However, the efficacy of iMSC-derived exosomes (iExo) on I/R injuries remains largely unknown. METHODS Human iPSCs were differentiated into iMSCs using a modified one-step method. Ultrafiltration, combined with purification, was used to isolate iExo from iMSCs. iExo was administered following I/R injury in a mouse model. The effect of iExo on I/R injury was assessed through changes in renal function, histology, and expression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis markers. Further, we evaluated its association with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway. RESULTS Mice subjected to I/R injury exhibited typical AKI patterns; serum creatinine level, tubular necrosis, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine production, and oxidative stress were markedly increased compared to sham mice. However, treatment with iExo attenuated these changes, significantly improving renal function and tissue damage, similar to the renoprotective effects of iMSCs on I/R injury. Significant induction of activated ERK 1/2 signaling molecules was observed in mice treated with iExo compared to those in the I/R injury group. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that iExo administration ameliorated renal damage following I/R, suggesting that iMSC-derived exosomes may provide a novel therapeutic approach for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Lim
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Woon Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- R&D Center, OncoInsight Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Shin
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Luo
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi Quan
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sheng Cui
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Ko
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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Devillard CD, Marquette CA. Vascular Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Requirements for an Ideal Large Scale Blood Vessel. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:721843. [PMID: 34671597 PMCID: PMC8522984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.721843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering more than half a century ago, one obstacle has persisted: the in vitro creation of large-scale vascular tissue (>1 cm3) to meet the clinical needs of viable tissue grafts but also for biological research applications. Considerable advancements in biofabrication have been made since Weinberg and Bell, in 1986, created the first blood vessel from collagen, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The synergistic combination of advances in fabrication methods, availability of cell source, biomaterials formulation and vascular tissue development, promises new strategies for the creation of autologous blood vessels, recapitulating biological functions, structural functions, but also the mechanical functions of a native blood vessel. In this review, the main technological advancements in bio-fabrication are discussed with a particular highlights on 3D bioprinting technologies. The choice of the main biomaterials and cell sources, the use of dynamic maturation systems such as bioreactors and the associated clinical trials will be detailed. The remaining challenges in this complex engineering field will finally be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé D Devillard
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christophe A Marquette
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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28
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Urlić I, Ivković A. Cell Sources for Cartilage Repair-Biological and Clinical Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092496. [PMID: 34572145 PMCID: PMC8468484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy represents a promising treatment strategy for cartilage defects. Alone or in combination with scaffolds/biological signals, these strategies open many new avenues for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the choice of the optimal cell source is not that straightforward. Currently, various types of differentiated cells (articular and nasal chondrocytes) and stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells) are being researched to objectively assess their merits and disadvantages with respect to the ability to repair damaged articular cartilage. In this paper, we focus on the different cell types used in cartilage treatment, first from a biological scientist’s perspective and then from a clinician’s standpoint. We compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these cell types and offer a potential outlook for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Urlić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
| | - Alan Ivković
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
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29
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Kannan S, Farid M, Lin BL, Miyamoto M, Kwon C. Transcriptomic entropy benchmarks stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation against endogenous tissue at single cell level. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009305. [PMID: 34534204 PMCID: PMC8448341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immaturity of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived tissues has emerged as a universal problem for their biomedical applications. While efforts have been made to generate adult-like cells from PSCs, direct benchmarking of PSC-derived tissues against in vivo development has not been established. Thus, maturation status is often assessed on an ad-hoc basis. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a promising solution, though cross-study comparison is limited by dataset-specific batch effects. Here, we developed a novel approach to quantify PSC-derived cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation through transcriptomic entropy. Transcriptomic entropy is robust across datasets regardless of differences in isolation protocols, library preparation, and other potential batch effects. With this new model, we analyzed over 45 scRNA-seq datasets and over 52,000 CMs, and established a cross-study, cross-species CM maturation reference. This reference enabled us to directly compare PSC-CMs with the in vivo developmental trajectory and thereby to quantify PSC-CM maturation status. We further found that our entropy-based approach can be used for other cell types, including pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes. Our study presents a biologically relevant and interpretable metric for quantifying PSC-derived tissue maturation, and is extensible to numerous tissue engineering contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Farid
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian L. Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells suppresses M2-type macrophages during pulmonary fibrosis via miR-302a-3p/TET1 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108075. [PMID: 34435585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a type of chronic lung disease. Here, we investigated the effect of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived exosomes (iPSC-exosomes) on M2-type macrophages which play a critical role in pulmonary fibrosis. Exosomes were purified from the conditioned medium of iPSCs. Mice models of pulmonary fibrosis were established by intratracheal instillation with 5 mg/kg bleomycin. Thereafter, the histopathological changes and collagen deposition were detected by HE and masson staining. Meanwhile the level of M2-type macrophages was elevated by immunofluorescence staining with F4/80 and Arg-1. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the binding of miR-302a-3p to ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1). Our results showed that, after treatment with iPSC-exosomes, the pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin was relieved, with less collagen deposition. In addition, the increased M2-type macrophages in PF mice were reduced upon treatment with iPSC-exosomes. Moreover, we found that the iPSC-exosomes showed higher level of miR-302a-3p. Interestingly, the level of miR-302a-3p in the lungs of PF mice was increased upon treatment with iPSC-exosomes. Furthermore, we verified that TET1 was a direct target of miR-302a-3p. Up-regulation of miR-302a-3p or TET1 silencing repressed M2-type macrophages. Down-regulation of miR-302a-3p abolished the beneficial effects of iPSC-exosomes on pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our study revealed that iPSC-exosomes delivered miR-302a-3p to suppress the M2-type macrophages via targeting TET1, thus mitigating pulmonary fibrosis. This study indicates that iPSC-exosomes may become a potential therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Aranda Hernandez J, Heuer C, Bahnemann J, Szita N. Microfluidic Devices as Process Development Tools for Cellular Therapy Manufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 179:101-127. [PMID: 34410457 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapies are creating a paradigm shift in the biomanufacturing industry. Particularly for autologous therapies, small-scale processing methods are better suited than the large-scale approaches that are traditionally employed in the industry. Current small-scale methods for manufacturing personalized cell therapies, however, are labour-intensive and involve a number of 'open events'. To overcome these challenges, new cell manufacturing platforms following a GMP-in-a-box concept have recently come on the market (GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice). These are closed automated systems with built-in pumps for fluid handling and sensors for in-process monitoring. At a much smaller scale, microfluidic devices exhibit many of the same features as current GMP-in-a-box systems. They are closed systems, fluids can be processed and manipulated, and sensors integrated for real-time detection of process variables. Fabricated from polymers, they can be made disposable, i.e. single-use. Furthermore, microfluidics offers exquisite spatiotemporal control over the cellular microenvironment, promising both reproducibility and control of outcomes. In this chapter, we consider the challenges in cell manufacturing, highlight recent advances of microfluidic devices for each of the main process steps, and summarize our findings on the current state of the art. As microfluidic cell culture devices have been reported for both adherent and suspension cell cultures, we report on devices for the key process steps, or unit operations, of both stem cell therapies and cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Heuer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Biochemical Engineering Department, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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Shafiei M, Ansari MNM, Razak SIA, Khan MUA. A Comprehensive Review on the Applications of Exosomes and Liposomes in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2529. [PMID: 34372132 PMCID: PMC8347192 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are generally concerned with reconstructing cells, tissues, or organs to restore typical biological characteristics. Liposomes are round vesicles with a hydrophilic center and bilayers of amphiphiles which are the most influential family of nanomedicine. Liposomes have extensive research, engineering, and medicine uses, particularly in a drug delivery system, genes, and vaccines for treatments. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry various biomolecular cargos such as miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. As exosomal cargo changes with adjustments in parent cells and position, research of exosomal cargo constituents provides a rare chance for sicknesses prognosis and care. Exosomes have a more substantial degree of bioactivity and immunogenicity than liposomes as they are distinctly chiefly formed by cells, which improves their steadiness in the bloodstream, and enhances their absorption potential and medicinal effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the crucial challenges of exosome and liposome science and their functions in disease improvement and therapeutic applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies are prominently highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shafiei
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| | | | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
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Ratri MC, Brilian AI, Setiawati A, Nguyen HT, Soum V, Shin K. Recent Advances in Regenerative Tissue Fabrication: Tools, Materials, and Microenvironment in Hierarchical Aspects. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cahyaning Ratri
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Education Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Albertus Ivan Brilian
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Agustina Setiawati
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Pharmacy Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Huong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Veasna Soum
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
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Si Z, Wang X. Stem Cell Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease: Applications for Disease Modeling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:207-217. [PMID: 33558427 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with complex pathologic and biologic characteristics. Extracellular β-amyloid deposits, such as senile plaques, and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, such as neurofibrillary tangles, remain the main neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of AD. There is currently no effective treatment of the disease, and many clinical trials have failed to prove any benefits of new therapeutics. More recently, there has been increasing interest in harnessing the potential of stem cell technologies for drug discovery, disease modeling, and cell therapies, which have been used to study an array of human conditions, including AD. The recently developed and optimized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is a critical platform for screening anti-AD drugs and understanding mutations that modify AD. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been investigated as a new therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also exhibit considerable potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases by secreting growth factors and exosomes, attenuating neuroinflammation. This review highlights recent progress in stem cell research and the translational applications and challenges of iPSCs, NSCs, and MSCs as treatment strategies for AD. Even though these treatments are still in relative infancy, these developing stem cell technologies hold considerable promise to combat AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that results in learning and memory defects. Although some drugs have been approved for AD treatment, fewer than 20% of patients with AD benefit from these drugs. Therapies based on stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, provide promising therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China (Z.S.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.W.)
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China (Z.S.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.W.)
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Harding P, Cunha DL, Moosajee M. Animal and cellular models of microphthalmia. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2021; 2:2633004021997447. [PMID: 37181112 PMCID: PMC10032472 DOI: 10.1177/2633004021997447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microphthalmia is a rare developmental eye disorder affecting 1 in 7000 births. It is defined as a small (axial length ⩾2 standard deviations below the age-adjusted mean) underdeveloped eye, caused by disruption of ocular development through genetic or environmental factors in the first trimester of pregnancy. Clinical phenotypic heterogeneity exists amongst patients with varying levels of severity, and associated ocular and systemic features. Up to 11% of blind children are reported to have microphthalmia, yet currently no treatments are available. By identifying the aetiology of microphthalmia and understanding how the mechanisms of eye development are disrupted, we can gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Animal models, mainly mouse, zebrafish and Xenopus, have provided extensive information on the genetic regulation of oculogenesis, and how perturbation of these pathways leads to microphthalmia. However, differences exist between species, hence cellular models, such as patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) optic vesicles, are now being used to provide greater insights into the human disease process. Progress in 3D cellular modelling techniques has enhanced the ability of researchers to study interactions of different cell types during eye development. Through improved molecular knowledge of microphthalmia, preventative or postnatal therapies may be developed, together with establishing genotype-phenotype correlations in order to provide patients with the appropriate prognosis, multidisciplinary care and informed genetic counselling. This review summarises some key discoveries from animal and cellular models of microphthalmia and discusses how innovative new models can be used to further our understanding in the future. Plain language summary Animal and Cellular Models of the Eye Disorder, Microphthalmia (Small Eye) Microphthalmia, meaning a small, underdeveloped eye, is a rare disorder that children are born with. Genetic changes or variations in the environment during the first 3 months of pregnancy can disrupt early development of the eye, resulting in microphthalmia. Up to 11% of blind children have microphthalmia, yet currently no treatments are available. By understanding the genes necessary for eye development, we can determine how disruption by genetic changes or environmental factors can cause this condition. This helps us understand why microphthalmia occurs, and ensure patients are provided with the appropriate clinical care and genetic counselling advice. Additionally, by understanding the causes of microphthalmia, researchers can develop treatments to prevent or reduce the severity of this condition. Animal models, particularly mice, zebrafish and frogs, which can also develop small eyes due to the same genetic/environmental changes, have helped us understand the genes which are important for eye development and can cause birth eye defects when disrupted. Studying a patient's own cells grown in the laboratory can further help researchers understand how changes in genes affect their function. Both animal and cellular models can be used to develop and test new drugs, which could provide treatment options for patients living with microphthalmia. This review summarises the key discoveries from animal and cellular models of microphthalmia and discusses how innovative new models can be used to further our understanding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath
Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Sun Y, Liu J, Xu Z, Lin X, Zhang X, Li L, Li Y. Matrix stiffness regulates myocardial differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2231-2250. [PMID: 33318310 PMCID: PMC7880396 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) with strong self-renewal capacity and multipotency, provide the possibility of replacing injured cardiomyocytes. hUC-MSCs were cultured on polyacrylamide hydrogels with stiffnesses corresponding to Young's modulus of 13-16kPa and 62-68kPa which mimic the stiffnesses of healthy heart tissue and fibrotic myocardium. The expression of early myocardial markers Nkx2.5, GATA4, Mesp1 and the mature myocardial markers cTnT, cTnI, α-actin were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot, which showed that soft matrix (13-16 kPa) tended to induce the differentiation of hUC-MSCs into myocardium, compared with stiff matrix (62-68 kPa). Piezos are mechanically sensitive non-selective cation channels. The expression of Piezo1 increased with the stiffness gradient of 1-10kPa, 13-16kPa, 35-38kPa and 62-68kPa on the 1st day, but Piezo2 expression was irregular. The expression of integrin β1 and calcium ions were also higher on stiff substrate than on soft substrate. hUC-MSCs tend to differentiate into myocardium on the matrix stiffness of 13-16 kPa. The relationship among matrix stiffness, Piezo1 and myocardial differentiation needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jishage M, Roeder RG. Regulation of hepatocyte cell cycle re-entry by RNA polymerase II-associated Gdown1. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3222-3230. [PMID: 33238793 PMCID: PMC7751663 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1843776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver is the central organ responsible for whole-body metabolism, and its constituent hepatocytes are the major players that carry out liver functions. Although they are highly differentiated and rarely divide, hepatocytes re-enter the cell cycle following hepatic loss due to liver damage or injury. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying cell cycle re-entry remain undefined. Gdown1 is an RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-associated protein that has been linked to the function of the Mediator transcriptional coactivator complex. We recently found that Gdown1 ablation in mouse liver leads to down-regulation of highly expressed liver-specific genes and a concomitant cell cycle re-entry associated with the induction of cell cycle-related genes. Unexpectedly, in view of a previously documented inhibitory effect on transcription initiation by Pol II in vitro, we found that Gdown1 is associated with elongating Pol II on the highly expressed genes and that its ablation leads to a reduced Pol II occupancy that correlates with the reduced expression of these genes. Based on these observations, we discuss the in vitro and in vivo functions of Gdown1 and consider mechanisms by which the dysregulated Pol II recruitment associated with Gdown1 loss might induce quiescent cell re-entry into the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Jishage
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert G. Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Ramakrishna RR, Abd Hamid Z, Wan Zaki WMD, Huddin AB, Mathialagan R. Stem cell imaging through convolutional neural networks: current issues and future directions in artificial intelligence technology. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10346. [PMID: 33240655 PMCID: PMC7680049 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are primitive and precursor cells with the potential to reproduce into diverse mature and functional cell types in the body throughout the developmental stages of life. Their remarkable potential has led to numerous medical discoveries and breakthroughs in science. As a result, stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a new subspecialty in medicine. One promising stem cell being investigated is the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), which is obtained by genetically reprogramming mature cells to convert them into embryonic-like stem cells. These iPSCs are used to study the onset of disease, drug development, and medical therapies. However, functional studies on iPSCs involve the analysis of iPSC-derived colonies through manual identification, which is time-consuming, error-prone, and training-dependent. Thus, an automated instrument for the analysis of iPSC colonies is needed. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a novel technology to tackle this challenge. In particular, deep learning, a subfield of AI, offers an automated platform for analyzing iPSC colonies and other colony-forming stem cells. Deep learning rectifies data features using a convolutional neural network (CNN), a type of multi-layered neural network that can play an innovative role in image recognition. CNNs are able to distinguish cells with high accuracy based on morphologic and textural changes. Therefore, CNNs have the potential to create a future field of deep learning tasks aimed at solving various challenges in stem cell studies. This review discusses the progress and future of CNNs in stem cell imaging for therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanaesh Rao Ramakrishna
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aqilah Baseri Huddin
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramya Mathialagan
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Panoutsopoulos AA. Organoids, Assembloids, and Novel Biotechnology: Steps Forward in Developmental and Disease-Related Neuroscience. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:463-472. [PMID: 32981451 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420960112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In neuroscience research, the efforts to find the model through which we can mimic the in vivo microenvironment of a developing or defective brain have been everlasting. While model organisms are used for over a hundred years, many more methods have been introduced with immortalized or primary cell lines and later induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids to be some of these. As the use of organoids becomes more and more common by many laboratories in biology and neuroscience in particular, it is crucial to deeper understand the challenges and possible pitfalls of their application in research, many of which can be surpassed with the support of state-of-the art bioengineering solutions. In this review, after a brief chronicle of the path to the discovery of organoids, we focus on the latest approaches to study neuroscience related topics with organoids, such as the use of assembloids, CRISPR technology, patch-clamp and optogenetics techniques and discuss how modern 3-dimensional biomaterials, miniaturized bioreactors and microfluidic chips can help to overcome the disadvantages of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios A Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Promotion of Tendon Repair - an Update of Literature. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:379-389. [PMID: 32785869 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are prevalent in physical activities and sports. Tendon heals slowly after injuries. The results of conservative treatments and surgery are not satisfactory with high re-injury rate and scar tissue formation. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the injured tendons was reported to promote tendon repair. Recent studies have suggested that MSCs supported tendon repair via the secretion of paracrine factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that are produced and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They carry a plethora of proteins, lipids, microRNA and mRNA which reprogram the recipient cells and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. EVs were shown to promote tissue repair and mediate the healing effects of MSCs. In this review, I aim to review the recent literature on the promotion of tendon repair using EVs-derived from MSCs (MSC-EVs). The mechanisms underlying these actions are also reviewed and future research directions are discussed. Better understanding of the roles of MSC-EVs in tendon repair would offer a new treatment strategy to circumvent this devastating soft tissue disorder. Graphical Abstract.
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Soman SS, Vijayavenkataraman S. Applications of 3D Bioprinted-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Healthcare. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:280. [PMID: 33088994 PMCID: PMC7557348 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i4.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology enable scientists to reprogram somatic cells to iPSCs and 3D print iPSC-derived organ constructs with native tissue architecture and function. iPSCs and iPSC-derived cells suspended in hydrogels (bioinks) allow to print tissues and organs for downstream medical applications. The bioprinted human tissues and organs are extremely valuable in regenerative medicine as bioprinting of autologous iPSC-derived organs eliminates the risk of immune rejection with organ transplants. Disease modeling and drug screening in bioprinted human tissues will give more precise information on disease mechanisms, drug efficacy, and drug toxicity than experimenting on animal models. Bioprinted iPSC-derived cancer tissues will aid in the study of early cancer development and precision oncology to discover patient-specific drugs. In this review, we present a brief summary of the combined use of two powerful technologies, iPSC technology, and 3D bioprinting in health-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soja Saghar Soman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, NY, USA
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TFAP2C facilitates somatic cell reprogramming by inhibiting c-Myc-dependent apoptosis and promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:482. [PMID: 32587258 PMCID: PMC7316975 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are known to mediate the conversion of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Transcription factor TFAP2C plays important roles in the regulation of embryonic development and carcinogenesis; however, the roles of Tfap2c in regulating somatic cell reprogramming are not well understood. Here we demonstrate Tfap2c is induced during the generation of iPSCs from mouse fibroblasts and acts as a facilitator for iPSCs formation. Mechanistically, the c-Myc-dependent apoptosis, which is a roadblock to reprogramming, can be significantly mitigated by Tfap2c overexpression. Meanwhile, Tfap2c can greatly promote mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) at initiation stage of OSKM-induced reprogramming. Further analysis of gene expression and targets of Tfap2c during reprogramming by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and ChIP-qPCR indicates that TFAP2C can promote epithelial gene expression by binding to their promoters directly. Finally, knockdown of E-cadherin (Cdh1), an important downstream target of TFAP2C and a critical regulator of MET antagonizes Tfap2c-mediated reprogramming. Taken together, we conclude that Tfap2c serves as a strong activator for somatic cell reprogramming through promoting the MET and inhibiting c-Myc-dependent apoptosis.
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43
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Whole Organ Engineering: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
End-stage organ failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. The only curative treatment option currently available for patients diagnosed with end-stage organ failure is organ transplantation. However, due to a critical shortage of organs, only a fraction of these patients are able to receive a viable organ transplantation. Those patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant must then be subjected to a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressant drugs. The concept of whole organ engineering offers a promising alternative to organ transplantation that overcomes these limitations. Organ engineering is a discipline that merges developmental biology, anatomy, physiology, and cellular interactions with enabling technologies such as advanced biomaterials and biofabrication to create bioartificial organs that recapitulate native organs in vivo. There have been numerous developments in bioengineering of whole organs over the past two decades. Key technological advancements include (1) methods of whole organ decellularization and recellularization, (2) three-dimensional bioprinting, (3) advanced stem cell technologies, and (4) the ability to genetically modify tissues and cells. These advancements give hope that organ engineering will become a commercial reality in the next decade. In this review article, we describe the foundational principles of whole organ engineering, discuss key technological advances, and provide an overview of current limitations and future directions.
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Cui H, Liu C, Esworthy T, Huang Y, Yu ZX, Zhou X, San H, Lee SJ, Hann SY, Boehm M, Mohiuddin M, Fisher JP, Zhang LG. 4D physiologically adaptable cardiac patch: A 4-month in vivo study for the treatment of myocardial infarction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5067. [PMID: 32637623 PMCID: PMC7314523 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable progress in engineering cardiac scaffolds for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is still challenging to replicate the structural specificity and variability of cardiac tissues using traditional bioengineering approaches. In this study, a four-dimensional (4D) cardiac patch with physiological adaptability has been printed by beam-scanning stereolithography. By combining a unique 4D self-morphing capacity with expandable microstructure, the specific design has been shown to improve both the biomechanical properties of the patches themselves and the dynamic integration of the patch with the beating heart. Our results demonstrate improved vascularization and cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro under physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation, as well as increased cell engraftment and vascular supply in a murine chronic MI model. This work not only potentially provides an effective treatment method for MI but also contributes a cutting-edge methodology to enhance the structural design of complex tissues for organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Yimin Huang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-xi Yu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Hong San
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Se-jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Sung Yun Hann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muhammad Mohiuddin
- Cardiac Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Corresponding author.
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El Baradie KBY, Nouh M, O'Brien Iii F, Liu Y, Fulzele S, Eroglu A, Hamrick MW. Freeze-Dried Extracellular Vesicles From Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Prevent Hypoxia-Induced Muscle Cell Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:181. [PMID: 32266262 PMCID: PMC7099601 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies have tremendous potential for the successful treatment of major extremity wounds in the combat setting, however, the challenges associated with transplanting stem cells in the prolonged field care (PFC) environment are a critical barrier to progress in treating such injuries. These challenges include not only production and storage but also transport and handling issues. Our goal is to develop a new strategy utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem cells that can resolve many of these issues and prevent ischemic tissue injury. While EVs can be preserved by freezing or lyophilization, both processes result in decrease in their bioactivity. Here, we describe optimized procedures for EVs production, isolation, and lyophilization from primary human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). We compared two isolation approaches that were ultrafiltration (UF) using a tangential fluid filtration (TFF) system and differential ultracentrifugation (UC). We also optimized EVs lyophilization in conjunction with trehalose and polyvinylpyrrolidone 40 (PVP40) as lyoprotectants. Bioactivity of EVs was assessed based on reversal of hypoxia-induced muscle cell injury. To this end, primary human myoblasts were subjected to hypoxic conditions for 6 h, and then treated with hADSC-derived EVs at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. Subsequently, muscle cell viability and toxicity were evaluated using MTS and LDH assays, respectively. Overall, nanoparticle tracking data indicated that UF/TFF yields threefold more particles than UC. Lyophilization of EVs resulted in a significantly reduced number of particles, which could be attenuated by adding lyoprotections to the freeze-drying solution. Furthermore, EVs isolated by UF/TFF and freeze-dried in the presence of trehalose significantly increased viability (P < 0.0193). Taken together, our findings suggest that the isolation and preservation methods presented in this study may enhance therapeutic applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Nouh
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Yutao Liu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ali Eroglu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Guan X, Xu W, Zhang H, Wang Q, Yu J, Zhang R, Chen Y, Xia Y, Wang J, Wang D. Transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes improves myocardial function and reverses ventricular remodeling in infarcted rat hearts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32085809 PMCID: PMC7033912 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have shed great light on cardiac regenerative medicine and specifically myocardial repair in heart failure patients. However, the treatment efficacy and the survival of iPSC-CMs in vivo after transplantation have yielded inconsistent results. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of human iPSC-CMs to improve myocardial function in a rat postinfarction heart failure model. Methods Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected to receive an intramyocardial injection of 5% albumin solution with or without 1 × 107 human iPSC-CMs 10 days after undergoing left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Cyclosporine A and methylprednisolone were administered before iPSC-CM injection and until the rats were killed to prevent graft rejection. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. The survival of grafted cardiomyocytes was confirmed by observing the fluorescent cell tracer Vybrant™ CM-DiI or expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in transplanted cells, or survival was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of human mitochondrial DNA. Sirius red stain was used to evaluate the fibrosis ratio. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the formation of teratomas. Results Four weeks after intramyocardial injection of iPSC-CMs, animals undergoing iPSC-CM transplantation had lower mortality than the control group. Animals injected with cell-free solution (control group) demonstrated significant left ventricular (LV) functional deterioration, whereas grafting of iPSC-CMs attenuated this remodeling process. In the control group, the ejection fraction deteriorated by 10.11% (from 46.36 to 41.67%), and fractional shortening deteriorated by 9.23% (from 24.37 to 22.12%) by 4 weeks. In the iPSC-CM injection group, the ejection fraction improved by 18.86% (from 44.09 to 52.41%), and fractional shortening improved by 23.69% (from 23.08 to 28.54%). Cell labeling, tracking, and molecular biology techniques indicated that the grafted cardiomyocytes survived in the rat heart 1 month after iPSC-CM transplantation. Myocardial fibrosis was also attenuated in the iPSC-CM treatment group. Conclusions Human iPSC-CM grafts survived in infarcted rat hearts and restored myocardial function 4 weeks after transplantation. Cell replacement therapy also reversed ventricular remodeling, indicating the potential of iPSC-CMs for cardiac repair strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-020-01602-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Guan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanzi Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- HELP Therapeutics, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiuyang Yu
- HELP Therapeutics, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- The Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamin Chen
- HELP Therapeutics, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- HELP Therapeutics, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Li X, Xu R, Tu X, Janairo RRR, Kwong G, Wang D, Zhu Y, Li S. Differentiation of Neural Crest Stem Cells in Response to Matrix Stiffness and TGF-β1 in Vascular Regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:249-256. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - George Kwong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yiqian Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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48
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Ernst C. A roadmap for neurodevelopmental disease modeling for non-stem cell biologists. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:567-574. [PMID: 32052596 PMCID: PMC7180294 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem and derivative cells induced from somatic tissues are a critical tool for disease modeling but significant technical hurdles hamper their use. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of pitfalls and mitigation strategies for the nonstem cell biologist using induced pluripotent stem cells and investigating neurodevelopmental disorders. What sample sizes are reasonable? What derivation and purification protocols should be used to make human neurons? In what way should gene editing technologies be used to support discoveries? What kinds of preclinical studies are the most feasible? It is hoped that this roadmap will provide the necessary details for experimental planning and execution for those less familiar in the area of stem cell disease modeling. High-quality human preclinical models will allow for the discovery of molecular and cellular phenotypes specific to different neurodevelopmental disorders, and may provide the assays to advance translational medicine for unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Ernst
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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49
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Alcaraz MJ, Compañ A, Guillén MI. Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Novel Treatments for Musculoskeletal Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010098. [PMID: 31906087 PMCID: PMC7017209 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapy for musculoskeletal diseases. There is compelling evidence indicating that MSC effects are mainly mediated by paracrine mechanisms and in particular by the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Many studies have thus suggested that EVs may be an alternative to cell therapy with MSCs in tissue repair. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of MSC EVs actions in preclinical studies of (1) immune regulation and rheumatoid arthritis, (2) bone repair and bone diseases, (3) cartilage repair and osteoarthritis, (4) intervertebral disk degeneration and (5) skeletal muscle and tendon repair. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying these actions and the perspectives of MSC EVs-based strategies for future treatments of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Alcaraz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alvaro Compañ
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Guillén
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Ed. Ciencias de la Salud, 46115 Alfara, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Castro AR, Logarinho E. Tissue engineering strategies for human hair follicle regeneration: How far from a hairy goal? Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:342-350. [PMID: 31876379 PMCID: PMC7031632 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for an efficient therapy for alopecia disease has fueled the hair research field in recent decades. However, despite significant improvements in the knowledge of key processes of hair follicle biology such as genesis and cycling, translation into hair follicle replacement therapies has not occurred. Great expectation has been recently put on hair follicle bioengineering, which is based on the development of fully functional hair follicles with cycling activity from an expanded population of hair‐inductive (trichogenic) cells. Most bioengineering approaches focus on in vitro reconstruction of folliculogenesis by manipulating key regulatory molecular/physical features of hair follicle growth/cycling in vivo. Despite their great potential, no cell‐based product is clinically available for hair regeneration therapy to date. This is mainly due to demanding issues that still hinder the functionality of cultured human hair cells. The present review comprehensively compares emergent strategies using different cell sources and tissue engineering approaches, aiming to successfully achieve a clinical cure for hair loss. The hurdles of these strategies are discussed, as well as the future directions to overcome the obstacles and fulfill the promise of a “hairy” feat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Castro
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável - Clínica de Microtransplante Capilar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável - Clínica de Microtransplante Capilar, Porto, Portugal
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