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Dong L, Yu J, Wang H, Yue X, Liu B. Transcriptomic insights into vibrio-induced mortality in the clam Meretrix petechialis under high temperature. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101226. [PMID: 38522379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the mortality of the clam Meretrix petechialis facing a vibrio challenge under different temperatures and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our experiment distinctly revealed that clam mortality was predominantly observed under high temperature, highlighting the critical impact of thermal stress on clam susceptibility to infection. Using RNA-seq, we further compared the global transcriptional response to vibrio in clam gills between high and low temperatures. Compared to other groups, the differentially expressed genes in vibrio-challenged group at high temperature associated with immunity, oxidative stress, and membrane transport. Key results show a weakened immune response in clams at high temperature, especially in the TNF signaling pathway, and a decrease in membrane transport efficiency, notably in SLC proteins. Additionally, high temperature enhanced pro-inflammatory related unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, leading to increased oxidative damage. This was further evidenced by our biochemical assays, which showed significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in clams at high temperature, indicating heightened oxidative damage. RT-PCR validation of selected DEGs corroborated the RNA-seq findings. Our findings contribute to the understanding of more frequent shellfish mortality in summer, emphasizing the role of temperature in pathogen response, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of pathogen and high temperature stresses. The key genes identified provide potential targets for resistance-assisted breeding. This research has significant implications for bivalve aquaculture and their physiology, particularly in light of global climate changes affecting marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xin Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Gravem SA, Poirson BN, Robinson JW, Menge BA. Resistance of rocky intertidal communities to oceanic climate fluctuations. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297697. [PMID: 38809830 PMCID: PMC11135789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A powerful way to predict how ecological communities will respond to future climate change is to test how they have responded to the climate of the past. We used climate oscillations including the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and variation in upwelling, air temperature, and sea temperatures to test the sensitivity of nearshore rocky intertidal communities to climate variability. Prior research shows that multiple ecological processes of key taxa (growth, recruitment, and physiology) were sensitive to environmental variation during this time frame. We also investigated the effect of the concurrent sea star wasting disease outbreak in 2013-2014. We surveyed nearly 150 taxa from 11 rocky intertidal sites in Oregon and northern California annually for up to 14-years (2006-2020) to test if community structure (i.e., the abundance of functional groups) and diversity were sensitive to past environmental variation. We found little to no evidence that these communities were sensitive to annual variation in any of the environmental measures, and that each metric was associated with < 8.6% of yearly variation in community structure. Only the years elapsed since the outbreak of sea star wasting disease had a substantial effect on community structure, but in the mid-zone only where spatially dominant mussels are a main prey of the keystone predator sea star, Pisaster ochraceus. We conclude that the established sensitivity of multiple ecological processes to annual fluctuations in climate has not yet scaled up to influence community structure. Hence, the rocky intertidal system along this coastline appears resistant to the range of oceanic climate fluctuations that occurred during the study. However, given ongoing intensification of climate change and increasing frequencies of extreme events, future responses to climate change seem likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Gravem
- Department of Integrative Biology, Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brittany N. Poirson
- Department of Integrative Biology, Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Robinson
- Department of Integrative Biology, Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Menge
- Department of Integrative Biology, Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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3
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Liu W, Wu Y, Wang H, Wang H, Zhou M. Isolation and Biological Characteristics of a Novel Phage and Its Application to Control Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Shellfish Meat. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38757692 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogenic bacterium. With the overuse of antibiotics, an increasing proportion of drug-resistant strains are emerging, which puts enormous pressure on public health. In this study, a V. parahaemolyticus-specific phage, VP41s3, was isolated. The head length, width, and tail length of the phage were 77.7 nm, 72.2 nm, and 17.5 nm, respectively. It remained active in the temperature range of 30-50°C and pH range of 4-11. The lytic curve of phage VP41s3 showed that the host bacteria did not grow until 11 h under phage treatment at MOI of 1000, indicating that the phage had good bacteriostatic ability. When it was added to shellfish contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus (15°C, 48 h), the number of bacteria in the experimental group was 2.11 log10 CFU/mL lower than that in the control group at 24 h. Furthermore, genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis indicated that phage VP41s3 was a new member of the Podoviridae family. The genome contained 50 open reading frames (ORFs), in which the ORF19 (thymidine kinase) was an enzyme involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, which might lead to the accelerated DNA synthesis efficiency after phage entered into host cells. This study not only contributed to the improvement of phage database and the development of beneficial phage resources but also revealed the potential application of phage VP41s3 in food hygiene and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajuan Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
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4
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Klein SG, Roch C, Duarte CM. Systematic review of the uncertainty of coral reef futures under climate change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2224. [PMID: 38472196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change impact syntheses, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, consistently assert that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is unlikely to safeguard most of the world's coral reefs. This prognosis is primarily based on a small subset of available models that apply similar 'excess heat' threshold methodologies. Our systematic review of 79 articles projecting coral reef responses to climate change revealed five main methods. 'Excess heat' models constituted one third (32%) of all studies but attracted a disproportionate share (68%) of citations in the field. Most methods relied on deterministic cause-and-effect rules rather than probabilistic relationships, impeding the field's ability to estimate uncertainty. To synthesize the available projections, we aimed to identify models with comparable outputs. However, divergent choices in model outputs and scenarios limited the analysis to a fraction of available studies. We found substantial discrepancies in the projected impacts, indicating that the subset of articles serving as a basis for climate change syntheses may project more severe consequences than other studies and methodologies. Drawing on insights from other fields, we propose methods to incorporate uncertainty into deterministic modeling approaches and propose a multi-model ensemble approach to generating probabilistic projections for coral reef futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G Klein
- Marine Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Cassandra Roch
- Marine Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Marine Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Clements CS, Pratte ZA, Stewart FJ, Hay ME. Removal of detritivore sea cucumbers from reefs increases coral disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1338. [PMID: 38409274 PMCID: PMC10897328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are in global decline with coral diseases playing a significant role. This is especially true for Acroporid corals that represent ~25% of all Pacific coral species and generate much of the topographic complexity supporting reef biodiversity. Coral diseases are commonly sediment-associated and could be exacerbated by overharvest of sea cucumber detritivores that clean reef sediments and may suppress microbial pathogens as they feed. Here we show, via field manipulations in both French Polynesia and Palmyra Atoll, that historically overharvested sea cucumbers strongly suppress disease among corals in contact with benthic sediments. Sea cucumber removal increased tissue mortality of Acropora pulchra by ~370% and colony mortality by ~1500%. Additionally, farmerfish that kill Acropora pulchra bases to culture their algal gardens further suppress disease by separating corals from contact with the disease-causing sediment-functioning as mutualists rather than parasites despite killing coral bases. Historic overharvesting of sea cucumbers increases coral disease and threatens the persistence of tropical reefs. Enhancing sea cucumbers may enhance reef resilience by suppressing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S Clements
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zoe A Pratte
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Frank J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Mark E Hay
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Zhang X, Zheng YD, Yuan T, Liu CF, Huang BW, Xin LS, Wang CM, Bai CM. Occurrence and seasonal variation of Perkinsus sp. Infection in wild mollusk populations from coastal waters of Qingdao, northern China. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 202:108044. [PMID: 38123122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Perkinsosis has been recognized as one of the major threats to natural and farmed bivalve populations, many of which are of commercial as well as environmental significance. Three Perkinsus species have been identified in China, and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was the most frequently infected species in northern China. Although the occurrence and seasonal variation of Perkinsus spp. have previously been examined, the pathological characteristics of these infections in wild Manila clams and sympatric species in China have seldom been reported. In the present study, the prevalence and intensity of Perkinsus infection in wild populations of Manila clams and 10 sympatric species from three sites were investigated by Ray's fluid thioglycolate medium (RFTM) assay seasonally across a single year. Perkinsus infection was only identified in Manila clams, with a high prevalence (274/284 = 96.48 %) and low intensity (89.8 % with a Mackin value ≤ 2, suggesting generally low-intensity infections) throughout the year. Heavily infected clams were mainly identified in Tianheng in January, which displayed no macroscopic signs of disease. An overview of the whole visceral mass section showed that the trophozoites mostly aggregated in gills and connective tissue of the digestive tract, to a lesser extent in the mantle and foot, and even less frequently in adductor muscle and connective tissues of the gonad. PCR and ITS-5.8S rRNA sequencing of 93 representative RFTM-positive samples revealed a 99.69 to 100 % DNA sequence identity to Perkinsus olseni. Unexpectedly, significantly higher infection intensities were usually identified in January and April when the Condition Index (CI) was relatively high. We propose that factors associated with the anthropogenic harvesting pressure and irregular disturbances should be responsible for the uncommon seasonal infection dynamics of perkinsosis observed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Dandong Fishery Development Service Center, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Chen-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bo-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lu-Sheng Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chong-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chang-Ming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Itoïz S, Mouronvalle C, Perennou M, Chailler E, Smits M, Derelle E, Metz S, Le Goïc N, Bidault A, de Montaudouin X, Arzul I, Soudant P, Chambouvet A. Co-infection of two eukaryotic pathogens within clam populations in Arcachon Bay. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1250947. [PMID: 38260876 PMCID: PMC10800547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasitic species Perkinsus olseni (= atlanticus) (Perkinsea, Alveolata) infects a wide range of mollusc species and is responsible for mortality events and economic losses in the aquaculture industry and fisheries worldwide. Thus far, most studies conducted in this field have approached the problem from a "one parasite-one disease" perspective, notably with regards to commercially relevant clam species, while the impact of other Perkinsus species should also be considered as it could play a key role in the disease phenotype and dynamics. Co-infection of P. olseni and P. chesapeaki has already been sporadically described in Manila clam populations in Europe. Here, we describe for the first time the parasitic distribution of two Perkinsus species, P. olseni and P. chesapeaki, in individual clam organs and in five different locations across Arcachon Bay (France), using simultaneous in situ detection by quantitative PCR (qPCR) duplex methodology. We show that P. olseni single-infection largely dominated prevalence (46-84%) with high intensities of infection (7.2 to 8.5 log-nb of copies. g-1of wet tissue of Manila clam) depending on location, suggesting that infection is driven by the abiotic characteristics of stations and physiological states of the host. Conversely, single P. chesapeaki infections were observed in only two sampling stations, Ile aux Oiseaux and Gujan, with low prevalences 2 and 14%, respectively. Interestingly, the co-infection by both Perkinsus spp., ranging in prevalence from 12 to 34%, was distributed across four stations of Arcachon Bay, and was detected in one or two organs maximum. Within these co-infected organs, P. olseni largely dominated the global parasitic load. Hence, the co-infection dynamics between P. olseni and P. chesapeaki may rely on a facilitating role of P. olseni in developing a primary infection which in turn may help P. chesapeaki infect R. philippinarum as a reservoir for a preferred host. This ecological study demonstrates that the detection and quantification of both parasitic species, P. olseni and P. chesapeaki, is essential and timely in resolving cryptic infections and their consequences on individual hosts and clam populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Itoïz
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Clara Mouronvalle
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD, CNRS, USR CRIOBE, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Elisa Chailler
- CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Sorbonne University, Roscoff, France
| | - Morgan Smits
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Sebastian Metz
- CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Sorbonne University, Roscoff, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Xavier de Montaudouin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR, Station Marine d’Arcachon, Arcachon, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | | | - Aurélie Chambouvet
- CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Sorbonne University, Roscoff, France
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Nguyen NH. Genetics and Genomics of Infectious Diseases in Key Aquaculture Species. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:29. [PMID: 38248460 PMCID: PMC10813283 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Diseases pose a significant and pressing concern for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector, particularly as their impact continues to grow due to climatic shifts such as rising water temperatures. While various approaches, ranging from biosecurity measures to vaccines, have been devised to combat infectious diseases, their efficacy is disease and species specific and contingent upon a multitude of factors. The fields of genetics and genomics offer effective tools to control and prevent disease outbreaks in aquatic animal species. In this study, we present the key findings from our recent research, focusing on the genetic resistance to three specific diseases: White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in white shrimp, Bacterial Necrotic Pancreatitis (BNP) in striped catfish, and skin fluke (a parasitic ailment) in yellowtail kingfish. Our investigations reveal that all three species possess substantial heritable genetic components for disease-resistant traits, indicating their potential responsiveness to artificial selection in genetic improvement programs tailored to combat these diseases. Also, we observed a high genetic association between disease traits and survival rates. Through selective breeding aimed at enhancing resistance to these pathogens, we achieved substantial genetic gains, averaging 10% per generation. These selection programs also contributed positively to the overall production performance and productivity of these species. Although the effects of selection on immunological traits or immune responses were not significant in white shrimp, they yielded favorable results in striped catfish. Furthermore, our genomic analyses, including shallow genome sequencing of pedigreed populations, enriched our understanding of the genomic architecture underlying disease resistance traits. These traits are primarily governed by a polygenic nature, with numerous genes or genetic variants, each with small effects. Leveraging a range of advanced statistical methods, from mixed models to machine and deep learning, we developed prediction models that demonstrated moderate-to-high levels of accuracy in forecasting these disease-related traits. In addition to genomics, our RNA-seq experiments identified several genes that undergo upregulation in response to infection or viral loads within the populations. Preliminary microbiome data, while offering limited predictive accuracy for disease traits in one of our studied species, underscore the potential for combining such data with genome sequence information to enhance predictive power for disease traits in our populations. Lastly, this paper briefly discusses the roles of precision agriculture systems and AI algorithms and outlines the path for future research to expedite the development of disease-resistant genetic lines tailored to our target species. In conclusion, our study underscores the critical role of genetics and genomics in fortifying the aquaculture sector against the threats posed by diseases, paving the way for more sustainable and resilient aquaculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hong Nguyen
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
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9
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Hudson J, Egan S. Marine diseases and the Anthropocene: Understanding microbial pathogenesis in a rapidly changing world. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14397. [PMID: 38217393 PMCID: PMC10832532 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy marine ecosystems are paramount for Earth's biodiversity and are key to sustaining the global economy and human health. The effects of anthropogenic activity represent a pervasive threat to the productivity of marine ecosystems, with intensifying environmental stressors such as climate change and pollution driving the occurrence and severity of microbial diseases that can devastate marine ecosystems and jeopardise food security. Despite the potentially catastrophic outcomes of marine diseases, our understanding of host-pathogen interactions remains an understudied aspect of both microbiology and environmental research, especially when compared to the depth of information available for human and agricultural systems. Here, we identify three avenues of research in which we can advance our understanding of marine disease in the context of global change, and make positive steps towards safeguarding marine communities for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hudson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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10
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Wang H, Shi C, Yang B, Li Q, Liu S. Characterization of the genome and cell invasive phenotype of Vibrio diabolicus Cg5 isolated from mass mortality of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106466. [PMID: 38036108 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio is an important group of aquatic animal pathogens, which has been identified as the main pathogenic factor causing mass summer mortality of Crassostrea gigas in northern China. This study aims to investigate the potential pathogenic mechanisms of Vibrio Cg5 isolate in C. gigas. We sequenced and annotated the genome of Vibrio Cg5 to analyze potential virulence factors. The gentamicin protection assays were performed with C. gigas primary cells to reveal the cell-invasive behavior of Cg5. The genome analysis showed that Cg5 was a strain of human disease-associated pathogen with multiple antibiotic resistance, and four virulence factors associated with intracellular survival were present in the genome. The gentamicin protection assays showed that Cg5 could potentially invade the cells of C. gigas, indicating that Cg5 could be a facultative intracellular pathogen of C. gigas. These results provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of V. diabolicus, an emerging pathogenic Vibrio on aquatic animals, which would be valuable in preventing and controlling diseases in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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11
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Scro AK, Bojko J, Behringer DC. Symbiotic survey of the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) from the Gulf coast of Florida, USA. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108019. [PMID: 37956857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The bay scallop Argopecten irradians supported a commercial fishery in Florida but their population declined and the fishery closed in 1994. A recreational fishery remains open along the west coast of Florida despite continued threats from overfishing and a changing environment. Disease is among those threats, as it is for bivalve fisheries globally. We examined the relationship between bay scallop population density, its symbiotic microbiome, and geographic location. We focused on three sites within the range of Florida's recreational scallop fishery: St. Joseph Bay (northern extent), offshore of the Steinhatchee River (central), and offshore of Hernando County (southern extent). The study was conducted prior to the seasonal opening of the fishery to minimize the impact of fishing on our results. We also sampled caged scallops that are used for restocking in St. Joseph Bay to assess the effect of artificially high density and confinement on the scallop pathobiome. Using a combination of traditional histological methods, molecular diagnostics, and metagenomics, a suite of 15 symbionts were identified. Among them, RNA-seq data revealed four novel + ssRNA viral genomes: three picorna-like viruses and one hepe-like virus. The DNA-seq library revealed a novel Mycoplasma species. Histological evaluation revealed that protozoan, helminth and crustacean infections were common in A. irradians. These potential pathogens add to those already known for A. irradians and underscores the risk they pose to the fishery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Scro
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA; Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, Roger Williams University, 1 Old Ferry Rd, Bristol, RI 02809, USA
| | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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12
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Iglesias D, Cao A, Carballal MJ, Villalba A. Decline of Marteilia cochillia in Ría de Arousa may be due to increased resistance in host Cerastoderma edule. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 156:7-13. [PMID: 37823560 DOI: 10.3354/dao03756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A huge, unprecedented mortality of cockle Cerastoderma edule caused by the protist Marteilia cochillia, which had never before been detected in Galicia (NW Spain), brought on a cockle fishery collapse in the Ría de Arousa (Galicia) in 2012. Since then, the disease dynamic pattern in the shellfish bed of Lombos do Ulla (at the inner area of that ria) involved an overwhelming annual wave of infections and subsequent cockle mass mortality that caused the near extinction of every cohort recruited to that bed. However, a pattern shift was detected among wild cohorts recruiting since 2016, with progressive declines of marteiliosis prevalence and increments in cockle survival. This suggested 2 non-exclusive hypotheses: increasing marteiliosis resistance through natural selection, and reduced abundance and/or virulence of the parasite. A field experiment was performed to assess these hypotheses by comparing marteiliosis prevalence and severity, as well as mortality, in cockles that naturally recruited to this bed in 2017 and 2018 with those of naïve cockles collected from a marteiliosis-free area and transplanted into Lombos do Ulla in 2017 and 2018. Marteiliosis prevalence and cumulative cockle mortality quickly reached very high values among the transplanted cockles, demonstrating that the parasite remained present and virulent in the area. Conversely, marteiliosis prevalence and cockle mortality were much lower in the cockles that recruited to Lombos do Ulla, suggesting increased resistance that may have been driven by natural selection. The young age at which cockles start reproduction and the very high mortality caused by marteiliosis may have enhanced natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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13
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Lamine I, Chahouri A, Moukrim A, Ait Alla A. The impact of climate change and pollution on trematode-bivalve dynamics. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106130. [PMID: 37625953 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems and their marine populations are increasingly threatened by global environmental changes. Bivalves have emerged as crucial bioindicators within these ecosystems, offering valuable insights into biodiversity and overall ecosystem health. In particular, bivalves serve as hosts to trematode parasites, making them a focal point of study. Trematodes, with their life cycles intricately linked to external factors, provide excellent indicators of environmental changes and exhibit a unique ability to accumulate pollutants beyond ambient levels. Thus, they act as living sentinels, reflecting the ecological condition of their habitats. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent research on the use of bivalve species as hosts for trematodes, examining the interactions between these organisms. The study also investigates the combined impact of trematode infections and other pollutants on bivalve molluscs. Trematode infections have multifaceted consequences for bivalve species, influencing various aspects of their physiology and behavior, including population-wide mortality. Furthermore, the coexistence of trematode infections and other sources of pollution compromises host resistance, disrupts parasite transmission, and reduces the abundance of intermediate hosts for complex-living parasites. The accumulation process of these parasites is influenced not only by external factors but also by host physiology. Consequently, the implications of climate change and environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and ocean acidification, are critical considerations. In summary, the intricate relationship between bivalves, trematode parasites, and their surrounding environment provides valuable insights into the health and sustainability of coastal ecosystems. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions, along with the influence of climate change and environmental parameters, is essential for effective management and conservation strategies aimed at preserving these delicate ecosystems and the diverse array of species that rely on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lamine
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Ecosystems, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Abir Chahouri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Ecosystems, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | | | - Aicha Ait Alla
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Ecosystems, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, Agadir, Morocco
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14
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Risoli S, Sarrocco S, Terracciano G, Papetti L, Baroncelli R, Nali C. Isolation and characterization of Fusarium spp. From unhatched eggs of Caretta caretta in Tuscany (Italy). Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1321-1327. [PMID: 37993243 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sea Turtle Egg Fusariosis (STEF) is a worldwide emergent fungal disease affecting eggs and causing embryos mortality in turtle's nests such as those of Caretta caretta. It is caused by a complex of species belonging to Fusarium genus, particularly those included in the Fusarium Solani Species Complex (FSSC). During the samplings carried out in summer 2020 along the Tuscany coastlines (Italy), C. caretta eggs showed clinical signs resembling those caused by STEF. A total of 32 fungal isolates were obtained from lesioned eggs whose molecular characterization allowing identifying as belonging to FSSC / Neocosmospora spp., Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex (FOSC) / F. oxysporum and Fusarium nodosum, i.e., fungal genera and speciesincluding also well-known plant pathogens. Isolates inoculated on several plant hosts did not result in any pathogenic activity but F. nodosum causing, on wheat spikes, disease symptoms.This is the first time F. nodosum has been isolated from portions of eggs showing evident signs of fungal infection. This work represents the first report of Fusarium spp. isolated from C. caretta eggs showing lesions resembling those caused by STEF on Tuscan coast thus posing a significant concern to loggerhead sea turtle conservation also in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Risoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Palazzo Del Broletto, Piazza Della Vittoria 15, Pavia, 27100 Italy
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Terracciano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, SS Dell' Abetone e Del Brennero 4, Pisa 56123 Italy
| | - Luana Papetti
- tartAmare, Centro Recupero Tartarughe Marine, via Bramante n. 83 Marina di Grosseto, Italy
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 42 Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80 Pisa 56124, Italy
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15
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Copedo JS, Webb SC, Ragg NLC, Ericson JA, Venter L, Schmidt AJ, Delorme NJ, Alfaro AC. Histopathological changes in the greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus, in response to chronic thermal stress. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103699. [PMID: 37708787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change associated temperature challenges pose a serious threat to the marine environment. Elevations in average sea surface temperatures are occurring and increasing frequency of marine heatwaves resulting in mortalities of organisms are being reported. In recent years, marine farmers have reported summer mass mortality events of the New Zealand Greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus, during the summer months; however, the etiological agents have yet to be determined. To elucidate the role of thermal stress, adult P. canaliculus were exposed to three chronic temperature treatments: a benign control of 17 °C and stressful elevations of 21 °C and 24 °C. Eight mussels per treatment were collected each month throughout a 14-month challenge period to identify and investigate histopathological differences among P. canaliculus populations exposed to the three temperatures. Histopathology revealed several significant deleterious alterations to tissues associated with temperature and exposure time. Increasing temperature and progression of time resulted in 1) an increase in the number of focal lipofuscin-ceroid aggregations, 2) an increase in focal hemocytosis, 3) an increase in the thickness of the sub-epithelial layer of the intestinal tract and 4) a decreased energy reserve cell (glycogen) coverage in the mantle. Prolonged exposure, irrespective of temperature, impacted gametogenesis, which was effectively arrested. Furthermore, increased levels of the heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP 70) were seen in gill and gonad from thermally challenged mussels. The occurrence of the parasite Perkinsus olseni at month 5 in the 24 °C treatment, and month 7 at 21 °C was unexpected and may have exacerbated the fore-mentioned tissue conditions. Prolonged exposure to stable thermal conditions therefore appears to impact P. canaliculus, tissues with implications for broodstock captivity. Mussels experiencing elevated, temperatures of 21 and 24 °C demonstrated more rapid pathological signs. This research provides further insight into the complex host-pathogen-environment interactions for P. canaliculus in response to prolonged elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Copedo
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand; Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen C Webb
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alfonso J Schmidt
- Hugh Green Cytometry Centre, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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16
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Vollmer SV, Selwyn JD, Despard BA, Roesel CL. Genomic signatures of disease resistance in endangered staghorn corals. Science 2023; 381:1451-1454. [PMID: 37769073 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
White band disease (WBD) has caused unprecedented declines in the Caribbean Acropora corals, which are now listed as critically endangered species. Highly disease-resistant Acropora cervicornis genotypes exist, but the genetic underpinnings of disease resistance are not understood. Using transmission experiments, a newly assembled genome, and whole-genome resequencing of 76 A. cervicornis genotypes from Florida and Panama, we identified 10 genomic regions and 73 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with disease resistance and that include functional protein-coding changes in four genes involved in coral immunity and pathogen detection. Polygenic scores calculated from 10 genomic loci indicate that genetic screens can detect disease resistance in wild and nursery stocks of A. cervicornis across the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Vollmer
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Jason D Selwyn
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Brecia A Despard
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Charles L Roesel
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
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17
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Hegde A, Kabra S, Basawa RM, Khile DA, Abbu RUF, Thomas NA, Manickam NB, Raval R. Bacterial diseases in marine fish species: current trends and future prospects in disease management. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:317. [PMID: 37743401 PMCID: PMC10518295 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The fisheries sub-sector of aquaculture-i.e., the pisciculture industry, contributes significantly to a country's economy, employing a sizable proportion of the population. It also makes important contributions to household food security because the current demand for animal protein cannot be fulfilled by harvesting wild fish from riverines, lakes, dams, and oceans. For good pond management techniques and sustaining fish health, the fisherfolk, and the industry require well-established regulatory structures, efficient disease management strategies, and other extended services. In rearing marine fish, infections resulting from disease outbreaks are a weighty concern because they can cause considerable economic loss due to morbidity and mortality. Consequently, to find effective solutions for the prevention and control of the major diseases limiting fish production in aquaculture, multidisciplinary studies on the traits of potential fish pathogens, the biology of the fish as hosts, and an adequate understanding of the global environmental factors are fundamental. This review highlights the various bacterial diseases and their causative pathogens prevalent in the pisciculture industry and the current solutions while emphasising marine fish species. Given that preexisting methods are known to have several disadvantages, other sustainable alternatives like antimicrobial peptides, synthetic peptides, probiotics, and medicinal treatments have emerged to be an enormous potential solution to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani Hegde
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Suhani Kabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Renuka Manjunath Basawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dnyanada Anil Khile
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rahil Ummar Faruk Abbu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Naomi Ann Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nava Bharati Manickam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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18
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Gawra J, Valdivieso A, Roux F, Laporte M, de Lorgeril J, Gueguen Y, Saccas M, Escoubas JM, Montagnani C, Destoumieux-Garzόn D, Lagarde F, Leroy MA, Haffner P, Petton B, Cosseau C, Morga B, Dégremont L, Mitta G, Grunau C, Vidal-Dupiol J. Epigenetic variations are more substantial than genetic variations in rapid adaptation of oyster to Pacific oyster mortality syndrome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8990. [PMID: 37683000 PMCID: PMC10491289 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Disease emergence is accelerating with global changes. Understanding by which mechanisms host populations can rapidly adapt will be crucial for management practices. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS) imposes a substantial and recurrent selective pressure on oyster populations, and rapid adaptation may arise through genetics and epigenetics. In this study, we used (epi)genome-wide association mapping to show that oysters differentially exposed to POMS displayed genetic and epigenetic signatures of selection. Consistent with higher resistance to POMS, the genes targeted included many genes in several pathways related to immunity. By combining correlation, DNA methylation quantitative trait loci, and variance partitioning, we revealed that a third of phenotypic variation was explained by interactions between the genetic and epigenetic information, ~14% by the genome, and up to 25% by the epigenome alone. Similar to genetically based adaptation, epigenetic mechanisms notably governing immune responses can contribute substantially to the rapid adaptation of hosts to emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janan Gawra
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Alejandro Valdivieso
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Roux
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Martin Laporte
- Division de l'expertise sur la faune Aquatique, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP), 880 chemin Sainte-Foy, G1S 4X4 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien de Lorgeril
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
- Ifremer, IRD, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Université de La Réunion, ENTROPIE, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Mathilde Saccas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Franck Lagarde
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Marc A. Leroy
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Haffner
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Université de Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, ASIM, Adaptation Santé des Invertébrés Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | - Lionel Dégremont
- Ifremer, ASIM, Adaptation Santé des Invertébrés Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
- Université de la Polynésie Française, ILM, IRD, Ifremer, F-98719 Tahiti, French Polynesia, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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Oliveira MME, Lopes AP, Pinto TN, da Costa GL, Goes-Neto A, Hauser-Davis RA. A Novel One Health Approach concerning Yeast Present in the Oral Microbiome of the Endangered Rio Skate ( Rioraja agassizii) from Southeastern Brazil. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1969. [PMID: 37630528 PMCID: PMC10459090 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current climate change scenario caused by anthropogenic activities has resulted in novel environmental pressures, increasing the occurrence and severity of fungal infections in the marine environment. Research on fungi in several taxonomic groups is widespread although not the case for elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). In this context, the aim of the present study was to screen the oral fungal microbiota present in artisanally captured Rioraja agassizii, a batoid that, although endangered, is highly fished and consumed worldwide. Oropharyngeal samples were obtained by swabbing and the samples were investigated using morphological and phenotypic methods by streaking on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and subculturing onto CHROMagar Candida (BD Difco) and CHROMagar Candida Plus (CHROMagarTM), as well as molecular techniques by amplification of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA region and a MALDI-TOF MS assessment. The findings indicated the presence of Candida parapsilosis (seven isolates), Candida duobushaemulonii (one isolate) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (three isolates), several of these reported for the first time in Rioraja agassizii. In addition, a 100% agreement between the MALDI-TOF results and partial ITS region sequencing was noted, demonstrating that the MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid and effective alternative for yeast identification in Rioraja agassizii isolates and potentially in other elasmobranch species. These findings highlight the need for further research to determine the potential impact on elasmobranch health, ecology, and commercial fisheries. Furthermore, this research is paramount in a One Health framework and may be employed to predict elasmobranch responses to an evolving ocean, keep healthy populations in check, monitor species, and assess the public health consequences of consuming these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira
- Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pontes Lopes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Nobre Pinto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130100, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
| | - Gisela Lara da Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130100, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
| | - Aristóteles Goes-Neto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30130100, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, RJ, Brazil
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20
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Moran AL, McLachlan RH, Thurber AR. Sea star wasting syndrome reaches the high Antarctic: Two recent outbreaks in McMurdo Sound. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282550. [PMID: 37498849 PMCID: PMC10374074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) can cause widespread mortality in starfish populations as well as long-lasting changes to benthic community structure and dynamics. SSWS symptoms have been documented in numerous species and locations around the world, but to date there is only one record of SSWS from the Antarctic and this outbreak was associated with volcanically-driven high temperature anomalies. Here we report outbreaks of SSWS-like symptoms that affected ~30% of individuals of Odontaster validus at two different sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in 2019 and 2022. Unlike many SSWS events in other parts of the world, these outbreaks were not associated with anomalously warm temperatures. Instead, we suggest they may have been triggered by high nutrient input events on a local scale. Although the exact cause of these outbreaks is not known, these findings are of great concern because of the keystone role of O. validus and the slow recovery rate of Antarctic benthic ecosystems to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Moran
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Mānoa, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Rowan H McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andrew R Thurber
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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21
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Casendino HR, McElroy KN, Sorel MH, Quinn TP, Wood CL. Two decades of change in sea star abundance at a subtidal site in Puget Sound, Washington. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286384. [PMID: 37294819 PMCID: PMC10256211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term datasets can reveal otherwise undetectable ecological trends, illuminating the historical context of contemporary ecosystem states. We used two decades (1997-2019) of scientific trawling data from a subtidal, benthic site in Puget Sound, Washington, USA to test for gradual trends and sudden shifts in total sea star abundance across 11 species. We specifically assessed whether this community responded to the sea star wasting disease (SSWD) epizootic, which began in 2013. We sampled at depths of 10, 25, 50 and 70 m near Port Madison, WA, and obtained long-term water temperature data. To account for species-level differences in SSWD susceptibility, we divided our sea star abundance data into two categories, depending on the extent to which the species is susceptible to SSWD, then conducted parallel analyses for high-susceptibility and moderate-susceptibility species. The abundance of high-susceptibility sea stars declined in 2014 across depths. In contrast, the abundance of moderate-susceptibility species trended downward throughout the years at the deepest depths- 50 and 70 m-and suddenly declined in 2006 across depths. Water temperature was positively correlated with the abundance of moderate-susceptibility species, and uncorrelated with high-susceptibility sea star abundance. The reported emergence of SSWD in Washington State in the summer of 2014 provides a plausible explanation for the subsequent decline in abundance of high-susceptibility species. However, no long-term stressors or mortality events affecting sea stars were reported in Washington State prior to these years, leaving the declines we observed in moderate-susceptibility species preceding the 2013-2015 SSWD epizootic unexplained. These results suggest that the subtidal sea star community in Port Madison is dynamic, and emphasizes the value of long-term datasets for evaluating patterns of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R. Casendino
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katherine N. McElroy
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark H. Sorel
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Quinn
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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22
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Dawson MN, Duffin PJ, Giakoumis M, Schiebelhut LM, Beas-Luna R, Bosley KL, Castilho R, Ewers-Saucedo C, Gavenus KA, Keller A, Konar B, Largier JL, Lorda J, Miner CM, Moritsch MM, Navarrete SA, Traiger SB, Turner MS, Wares JP. A Decade of Death and Other Dynamics: Deepening Perspectives on the Diversity and Distribution of Sea Stars and Wasting. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 244:143-163. [PMID: 38457680 DOI: 10.1086/727969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractMass mortality events provide valuable insight into biological extremes and also ecological interactions more generally. The sea star wasting epidemic that began in 2013 catalyzed study of the microbiome, genetics, population dynamics, and community ecology of several high-profile species inhabiting the northeastern Pacific but exposed a dearth of information on the diversity, distributions, and impacts of sea star wasting for many lesser-known sea stars and a need for integration across scales. Here, we combine datasets from single-site to coast-wide studies, across time lines from weeks to decades, for 65 species. We evaluated the impacts of abiotic characteristics hypothetically associated with sea star wasting (sea surface temperature, pelagic primary productivity, upwelling wind forcing, wave exposure, freshwater runoff) and species characteristics (depth distribution, developmental mode, diet, habitat, reproductive period). We find that the 2010s sea star wasting outbreak clearly affected a little over a dozen species, primarily intertidal and shallow subtidal taxa, causing instantaneous wasting prevalence rates of 5%-80%. Despite the collapse of some populations within weeks, environmental and species variation protracted the outbreak, which lasted 2-3 years from onset until declining to chronic background rates of ∼2% sea star wasting prevalence. Recruitment began immediately in many species, and in general, sea star assemblages trended toward recovery; however, recovery was heterogeneous, and a marine heatwave in 2019 raised concerns of a second decline. The abiotic stressors most associated with the 2010s sea star wasting outbreak were elevated sea surface temperature and low wave exposure, as well as freshwater discharge in the north. However, detailed data speaking directly to the biological, ecological, and environmental cause(s) and consequences of the sea star wasting outbreak remain limited in scope, unavoidably retrospective, and perhaps always indeterminate. Redressing this shortfall for the future will require a broad spectrum of monitoring studies not less than the taxonomically broad cross-scale framework we have modeled in this synthesis.
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23
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Lattos A, Papadopoulos DK, Giantsis IA, Feidantsis K, Georgoulis I, Karagiannis D, Carella F, Michaelidis B. Investigation of the highly endangered Pinna nobilis' mass mortalities: Seasonal and temperature patterns of health status, antioxidant and heat stress responses. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:105977. [PMID: 37043840 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, P. nobilis populations have suffered a tremendous reduction, with pathogens potentially playing a crucial role. Considering its highly endangered status, mechanisms leading to mass mortalities were examined in one or multiple pathogens infected populations. Thus, seasonal antioxidant enzymatic activities, hsp70 and catalase mRNA levels, were investigated in two different Greek populations, during mass mortality events in summer of 2020. Samples were collected from Fthiotis and Lesvos during February (ToC 14 ± 1.2 and 15 ± 1 respectively), April (ToC 18 ± 1.2 and 17 ± 1.3 respectively), and June (ToC 24.5 ± 1.5 and 21.5 ± 1.5 respectively) 2020. In July of the same year (ToC 26.5 ± 1.7 in Fthiotis and 24.5 ± 1.7 in Lesvos), no live specimens were found. All biochemical parameters and phylogenetic analysis suggest that pathogen infection increases P. nobilis sensitivity to water temperature, subsequently leading to mass mortality. The latter was obvious in Fthiotis individuals, in which Haplosporidium pinnae was also observed with Mycobacterium spp., compared to Lesvos individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lattos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, GR-53100, Florina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- National Reference Laboratory for Mollusc Diseases, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 7 Frixou Street, GR-54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Francesca Carella
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Complesso di MSA, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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24
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Zhang X, Huang BW, Zheng YD, Xin LS, Chen WB, Yu T, Li C, Wang CM, Bai CM. Identification and Characterization of Infectious Pathogens Associated with Mass Mortalities of Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Cultured in Northern China. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:759. [PMID: 37372044 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) aquaculture industry increased rapidly in China with the introduction and promotion of triploid oysters in recent years. Mass mortalities affecting different life stages of Pacific oysters emerged periodically in several important production areas of Northern China. During 2020 and 2021, we conducted a passive two-year investigation of infectious pathogens linked to mass mortality. Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) was detected to be associated with mass mortalities of hatchery larvae, but not juveniles and adults in the open sea. Protozoan parasites, such as Marteilia spp., Perkinsus spp. and Bonamia spp. were not detected. Bacterial isolation and identification revealed that Vibrio natriegens and Vibrio alginolyticus were the most frequently (9 out of 13) identified two dominant bacteria associated with mass mortalities. Pseudoalteromonas spp. was identified as the dominant bacteria in three mortality events that occurred during the cold season. Further bacteriological analysis was conducted on two representative isolates of V. natriegens and V. alginolyticus, designated as CgA1-1 and CgA1-2. Multisequence analysis (MLSA) showed that CgA1-1 and CgA1-2 were closely related to each other and nested within the Harveyi clade. Bacteriological investigation revealed faster growth, and more remarkable haemolytic activity and siderophore production capacity at 25 °C than at 15 °C for both CgA1-1 and CgA1-2. The accumulative mortalities of experimental immersion infections were also higher at 25 °C (90% and 63.33%) than at 15 °C (43.33% and 33.33%) using both CgA1-1 and CgA1-2, respectively. Similar clinical and pathological features were identified in samples collected during both naturally and experimentally occurring mortalities, such as thin visceral mass, discolouration, and connective tissue and digestive tube lesions. The results presented here highlight the potential risk of OsHV-1 to hatchery production of larvae, and the pathogenic role of V. natriegens and V. alginolyticus during mass mortalities of all life stages of Pacific oysters in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bo-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lu-Sheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wen-Bo Chen
- Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai 265800, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chong-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chang-Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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25
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Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Shell disease syndromes of decapod crustaceans. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:931-947. [PMID: 36708190 PMCID: PMC10946978 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The term shell disease subsumes a number of debilitating conditions affecting the outer integument (the carapace) of decapod crustaceans, such as lobsters and crabs. Herein, we seek to find commonality in the aetiology and pathology of such conditions, and those cases that result in the progressive erosion of the cuticle through to the visceral tissues by a cocktail of microbial-derived enzymes including lipases, proteases and chitinases. Aquimarina spp. are involved in shell disease in many different crustaceans across a wide geographical area, but the overall view is that the condition is polymicrobial in nature leading to dysbiosis within the microbial consortium of the damaged cuticle. The role of environment, decapod behaviour and physiology in triggering this disease is also reviewed. Finally, we provide a conceptual model for disease aetiology and suggest several avenues for future research that could improve our understanding of how such factors trigger, or exacerbate, this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural SciencesZoology, Ryan InstituteSchool of Natural Sciences, University of GalwayGalwayIreland
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26
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Pales Espinosa E, Bouallegui Y, Grouzdev D, Brianik C, Czaja R, Geraci-Yee S, Kristmundsson A, Muehl M, Schwaner C, Tettelbach ST, Tobi H, Allam B. An apicomplexan parasite drives the collapse of the bay scallop population in New York. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6655. [PMID: 37095123 PMCID: PMC10126089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, represents a commercially, culturally and ecologically important species found along the United States' Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Since 2019, scallop populations in New York have been suffering large-scale summer mortalities resulting in 90-99% reduction in biomass of adult scallops. Preliminary investigations of these mortality events showed 100% prevalence of an apicomplexan parasite infecting kidney tissues. This study was designed to provide histological, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics of a non-described parasite, member of the newly established Marosporida clade (Apicomplexa) and provisionally named BSM (Bay Scallop Marosporida). Molecular diagnostics tools (quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization) were developed and used to monitor disease development. Results showed that BSM disrupts multiple scallop tissues including kidney, adductor muscle, gill, and gonad. Microscopy observations allowed the identification of both intracellular and extracellular stages of the parasite. Field surveys demonstrated a strong seasonal signature in disease prevalence and intensity, as severe cases and mortality increase as summer progresses. These results strongly suggest that BSM infection plays a major role in the collapse of bay scallop populations in New York. In this framework, BSM may synergistically interact with stressful environmental conditions to impair the host and lead to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Younes Bouallegui
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Denis Grouzdev
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher Brianik
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Raymond Czaja
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sabrina Geraci-Yee
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Arni Kristmundsson
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keidnavegur 3, 112, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Madison Muehl
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Caroline Schwaner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Harrison Tobi
- Marine Program, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Southold, NY, 11971, USA
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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27
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Schenck FR, DuBois K, Kardish MR, Stachowicz JJ, Hughes AR. The effect of warming on seagrass wasting disease depends on host genotypic identity and diversity. Ecology 2023; 104:e3959. [PMID: 36530038 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Temperature increases due to climate change have affected the distribution and severity of diseases in natural systems, causing outbreaks that can destroy host populations. Host identity, diversity, and the associated microbiome can affect host responses to both infection and temperature, but little is known about how they could function as important mediators of disease in altered thermal environments. We conducted an 8-week warming experiment to test the independent and interactive effects of warming, host genotypic identity, and host genotypic diversity on the prevalence and intensity of infections of seagrass (Zostera marina) by the wasting disease parasite (Labyrinthula zosterae). At elevated temperatures, we found that genotypically diverse host assemblages had reduced infection intensity, but not reduced prevalence, relative to less diverse assemblages. This dilution effect on parasite intensity was the result of both host composition effects as well as emergent properties of biodiversity. In contrast with the benefits of genotypic diversity under warming, diversity actually increased parasite intensity slightly in ambient temperatures. We found mixed support for the hypothesis that a growth-defense trade-off contributed to elevated disease intensity under warming. Changes in the abundance (but not composition) of a few taxa in the host microbiome were correlated with genotype-specific responses to wasting disease infections under warming, consistent with the emerging evidence linking changes in the host microbiome to the outcome of host-parasite interactions. This work emphasizes the context dependence of biodiversity-disease relationships and highlights the potential importance of interactions among biodiversity loss, climate change, and disease outbreaks in a key foundation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forest R Schenck
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine DuBois
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Melissa R Kardish
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - A Randall Hughes
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Rodríguez-Barreras R, Dominicci-Maura A, Tosado-Rodríguez EL, Godoy-Vitorino F. The Epibiotic Microbiota of Wild Caribbean Sea Urchin Spines Is Species Specific. Microorganisms 2023; 11:391. [PMID: 36838357 PMCID: PMC9966300 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caribbean sea urchins are marine invertebrates that have experienced a decline over the years. Studies on sea urchins have focused primarily on the microbiome of the coelomic fluid or the gut microbiota. In this study, the epibiota community associated with four wild Caribbean sea urchin species, Lytechinus variegatus, Echinometra lucunter, Tripneustes ventricosus, and Diadema antillarum, was characterized for the first time. Using 57 sea urchin animal samples, we evaluated the influence of animal species, trophic niches, and geographical location on the composition of the epibiotic microbiota. We found significant differences in the bacterial biota among species and trophic niches, but not among geographical locations. L. variegatus exhibited the highest alpha diversity with high dominance of Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria, whereas T. ventricosus and D. antillarum were dominated by Firmicutes. T. ventricosus inhabiting the seagrass biotope dominated by Thalassia testudinum meadows had mostly Endozoicomonas. In contrast, samples located in the reef (dominated by corals and other reef builders) had a higher abundance of Kistimonas and Photobacterium. Our findings confirm that the epibiotic microbiota is species-specific, but also niche-dependent, revealing the trophic networks emerging from the organic matter being recycled in the seagrass and reef niches. As echinoids are important grazers of benthic communities, their microbiota will likely influence ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, P.O. Box 9000, Mayagüez 00681-9000, Puerto Rico
| | - Anelisse Dominicci-Maura
- Department of Microbiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Guillermo Arbona Main Building, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Eduardo L. Tosado-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Guillermo Arbona Main Building, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Guillermo Arbona Main Building, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
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29
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Ma JY, Zhu XK, Hu RG, Qi ZZ, Sun WC, Hao ZP, Cong W, Kang YH. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the global prevalence of foodborne Vibrio spp. infection in fishes: A persistent public health concern. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114521. [PMID: 36621299 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human vibriosis, caused by pathogenic Vibrio spp., such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, has been increasing worldwide, mediated by increasing consumption of seafood. The present study was conducted to examine the global prevalence of V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae in fishes. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI for peer-reviewed articles and dissertations prior to December 31, 2021. A total of 24,831 articles were retrieved, and 82 articles contained 61 fish families were included. The global pooled prevalence of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in fishes was 9.56 % (95 % CI: 2.12-20.92), 24.77 % (95 % CI: 17.40-32.93) and 5.29 % (95 % CI: 0.38-13.61), respectively. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that study-level covariates, including temperature, country, continent, origin and detection methods partly explained the between-study heterogeneity. These heterogeneities were underpinned by differences of the three Vibrio spp. in fishes at geographical and climatic scales. These results reveal a high global prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in fishes and highlight the need for implementation of more effective prevention and control measures to reduce food-borne infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yang Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Xin-Kun Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Ren-Ge Hu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Ze-Zheng Qi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 32503, PR China
| | - Zhi-Peng Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China.
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30
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Schwaner C, Farhat S, Barbosa M, Boutet I, Tanguy A, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Molecular Features Associated with Resilience to Ocean Acidification in the Northern Quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:83-99. [PMID: 36417051 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and resulting flux into the oceans will further exacerbate acidification already threatening coastal marine ecosystems. The subsequent alterations in carbonate chemistry can have deleterious impacts on many economically and ecologically important species including the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria). The accelerated pace of these changes requires an understanding of how or if species and populations will be able to acclimate or adapt to such swift environmental alterations. Thus far, studies have primarily focused on the physiological effects of ocean acidification (OA) on M. mercenaria, including reductions in growth and survival. However, the molecular mechanisms of resilience to OA in this species remains unclear. Clam gametes were fertilized under normal pCO2 and reared under acidified (pH ~ 7.5, pCO2 ~ 1200 ppm) or control (pH ~ 7.9, pCO2 ~ 600 ppm) conditions before sampled at 2 days (larvae), 32 days (postsets), 5 and 10 months (juveniles) and submitted to RNA and DNA sequencing to evaluate alterations in gene expression and genetic variations. Results showed significant shift in gene expression profiles among clams reared in acidified conditions as compared to their respective controls. At 10 months of exposure, significant shifts in allele frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Both approaches highlighted genes coding for proteins related to shell formation, bicarbonate transport, cytoskeleton, immunity/stress, and metabolism, illustrating the role these pathways play in resilience to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schwaner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Sarah Farhat
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Michelle Barbosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA.
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Wang YX, Lin SR, Xu LZ, Ye YY, Qi PZ, Wang WF, Buttino I, Li HF, Guo BY. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed changes in multiple signaling pathways involved in protein degradation in the digestive gland of Mytilus coruscus during high-temperatures. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101060. [PMID: 36731219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As a result of global warming, the Mytilus coruscus living attached in the intertidal zone experience extreme and fluctuating changes in temperature, and extreme temperature changes are causing mass mortality of intertidal species. This study explores the transcriptional response of M. coruscus at different temperatures (18 °C, 26 °C, and 33 °C) and different times (0, 12, and 24 h) of action by analyzing the potential temperature of the intertidal zone. In response to high temperatures, several signaling pathways in M. coruscus, ribosome, endocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein degradation, and lysosomes, interact to counter the adverse effects of high temperatures on protein homeostasis. Increased expression of key genes, including heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp20, and Hsp110), Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP), endoplasmic reticulum chaperone (BiP), and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 (BIRC7), may further mitigate the effects of heat stress and delay mortality in M. coruscus. These results reveal changes in multiple signaling pathways involved in protein degradation during high-temperature stress, which will contribute to our overall understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of M. coruscus to high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Shuang-Rui Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Le-Zhong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Isabella Buttino
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via del Cedro n.38, 57122 Livorno, Italy
| | - Hong-Fei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China.
| | - Bao-Ying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China.
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Cumming GS, Adamska M, Barnes ML, Barnett J, Bellwood DR, Cinner JE, Cohen PJ, Donelson JM, Fabricius K, Grafton RQ, Grech A, Gurney GG, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hoey AS, Hoogenboom MO, Lau J, Lovelock CE, Lowe R, Miller DJ, Morrison TH, Mumby PJ, Nakata M, Pandolfi JM, Peterson GD, Pratchett MS, Ravasi T, Riginos C, Rummer JL, Schaffelke B, Wernberg T, Wilson SK. Research priorities for the sustainability of coral-rich western Pacific seascapes. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 37125023 PMCID: PMC10119535 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nearly a billion people depend on tropical seascapes. The need to ensure sustainable use of these vital areas is recognised, as one of 17 policy commitments made by world leaders, in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 ('Life below Water') of the United Nations. SDG 14 seeks to secure marine sustainability by 2030. In a time of increasing social-ecological unpredictability and risk, scientists and policymakers working towards SDG 14 in the Asia-Pacific region need to know: (1) How are seascapes changing? (2) What can global society do about these changes? and (3) How can science and society together achieve sustainable seascape futures? Through a horizon scan, we identified nine emerging research priorities that clarify potential research contributions to marine sustainability in locations with high coral reef abundance. They include research on seascape geological and biological evolution and adaptation; elucidating drivers and mechanisms of change; understanding how seascape functions and services are produced, and how people depend on them; costs, benefits, and trade-offs to people in changing seascapes; improving seascape technologies and practices; learning to govern and manage seascapes for all; sustainable use, justice, and human well-being; bridging communities and epistemologies for innovative, equitable, and scale-crossing solutions; and informing resilient seascape futures through modelling and synthesis. Researchers can contribute to the sustainability of tropical seascapes by co-developing transdisciplinary understandings of people and ecosystems, emphasising the importance of equity and justice, and improving knowledge of key cross-scale and cross-level processes, feedbacks, and thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme S. Cumming
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Maja Adamska
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michele L. Barnes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Jon Barnett
- School of Geography, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R. Bellwood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joshua E. Cinner
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - Jennifer M. Donelson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - R. Quentin Grafton
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alana Grech
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Georgina G. Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Hoey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Mia O. Hoogenboom
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Lau
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ryan Lowe
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David J. Miller
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Tiffany H. Morrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin Nakata
- Indigenous Education and Research Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Garry D. Peterson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa Japan
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Floedevigen Research Station, Nis, Norway
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australia Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Australia
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Delisle L, Rolton A, Vignier J. Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161145. [PMID: 37187746 PMCID: PMC10175643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major constraint to the expansion of shellfish production worldwide. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial disease triggered by the Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1), has devastated the global Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) aquaculture industry. Recent ground-breaking research revealed that C. gigas possess an immune memory, capable of adaption, which improves the immune response upon a second exposure to a pathogen. This paradigm shift opens the door for developing 'vaccines' to improve shellfish survival during disease outbreaks. In the present study, we developed an in-vitro assay using hemocytes - the main effectors of the C. gigas immune system - collected from juvenile oysters susceptible to OsHV-1. The potency of multiple antigen preparations (e.g., chemically and physically inactivated OsHV-1, viral DNA, and protein extracts) to stimulate an immune response in hemocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry and droplet digital PCR to measure immune-related subcellular functions and gene expression, respectively. The immune response to the different antigens was benchmarked against that of hemocytes treated with Poly (I:C). We identified 10 antigen preparations capable of inducing immune stimulation in hemocytes (ROS production and positively expressed immune- related genes) after 1 h of exposure, without causing cytotoxicity. These findings are significant, as they evidence the potential for priming the innate immunity of oysters using viral antigens, which may enable cost-effective therapeutic treatment to mitigate OsHV-1/POMS. Further testing of these antigen preparations using an in-vivo infection model is essential to validate promising candidate pseudo-vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizenn Delisle
- Biosecurity Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Lizenn Delisle, ; Anne Rolton,
| | - Anne Rolton
- Biosecurity Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Lizenn Delisle, ; Anne Rolton,
| | - Julien Vignier
- Aquaculture Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
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Salis P, Peyran C, Morage T, de Bernard S, Nourikyan J, Coupé S, Bunet R, Planes S. RNA-Seq comparative study reveals molecular effectors linked to the resistance of Pinna nobilis to Haplosporidium pinnae parasite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21229. [PMID: 36482098 PMCID: PMC9731998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the intensification of maritime traffic, recently emerged infectious diseases have become major drivers in the decline and extinction of species. Since 2016, mass mortality events have decimated the endemic Mediterranean Sea bivalve Pinna nobilis, affecting ca. 100% of individuals. These events have largely been driven by Haplosporidium pinnae's infection, an invasive species which was likely introduced by shipping. While monitoring wild populations of P. nobilis, we observed individuals that survived such a mass mortality event during the summer of 2018 (France). We considered these individuals resistant, as they did not show any symptoms of the disease, while the rest of the population in the area was devastated. Furthermore, the parasite was not detected when we conducted a PCR amplification of a species-specific fragment of the small subunit ribosomal DNA. In parallel, the transcriptomic analysis showed evidence of some parasite RNA indicating that the resistant individuals had been exposed to the parasite without proliferating. To understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance in these individuals, we compared their gene expression with that of susceptible individuals. We performed de novo transcriptome assembly and annotated the expressed genes. A comparison of the transcriptomes in resistant and susceptible individuals highlighted a gene expression signature of the resistant phenotype. We found significant differential expressions of genes involved in immunity and cell architecture. This data provides the first insights into how individuals escape the pathogenicity associated with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Salis
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Peyran
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Titouan Morage
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Coupé
- grid.12611.350000000088437055CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, University of Toulon, 83130 La Garde, France
| | - Robert Bunet
- Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard, Ile des Embiez, 83140 Six-Fours-Les-Plages, France
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, 66860 Perpignan, France ,grid.452595.aLaboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, Perpignan, France
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35
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Fu H, Tian J, Shi C, Li Q, Liu S. Ecological significance of G protein-coupled receptors in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): Pervasive gene duplication and distinct transcriptional response to marine environmental stresses. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114269. [PMID: 36368080 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems with ocean warming and industry pollution threaten the survival and adaptation of organisms. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in various physiological and toxicological processes in vertebrates and invertebrates. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was widely used to study the adaptation of marine molluscs to coastal environments. In this work, we identified a total of 586 GPCRs in C. gigas genome. The C. gigas GPCRs were divided into five classes (including class A, B, C, E and F) with different degrees of expansion. Meta-analysis of multiple RNA-seq datasets revealed that transcriptional expression patterns of GPCRs in C. gigas were distinct in response to high temperature, salinity, air exposure, heavy metal, ostreid herpes virus 1 (OsHV-1) and Vibrio challenge. This work for the first time characterized the GPCR gene family and provided insights into the potential roles of GPCRs in adaptation of marine molluscs to stressful coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Maericulture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Maericulture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Maericulture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Maericulture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Maericulture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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van der Schoot RJ, Hoeksema BW. Abundance of coral-associated fauna in relation to depth and eutrophication along the leeward side of Curaçao, southern Caribbean. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 181:105738. [PMID: 36075156 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coral-associated invertebrates contribute much to the biodiversity of Caribbean coral reefs. Although the nature of their symbiotic relation is usually not fully understood, they can cause damage to their hosts, especially when they occur in high densities. The abundance of seven groups of coral-associated invertebrates was investigated on reefs along the leeward side of Curaçao, southern Caribbean. In particular, coral barnacles (Pyrgomatidae), boring mussels (Mytilidae: Leiosolenus spp.), gall crabs (Cryptochiridae), and Christmas tree worms (Serpulidae: Spirobranchus spp.) were recorded together with their host corals by means of a photo survey at four depths (5, 10, 15, 20 m) and across seven sites with high and five sites with low eutrophication values (based on δ15N isotope data). Feather duster worms (Sabellidae: Anamobaea), coral blennies (Chaenopsidae: Acanthemblemaria), and worm snails (Vermetidae: Petaloconchus) were insufficiently abundant for thorough quantitative analyses. The results show a decrease in the number of barnacles and Christmas tree worms per host over depth, which could be related to the availability of their host corals. Sites with high δ15N values show a higher abundance of barnacles and Christmas tree worms per host than sites with low values. This indicates that eutrophication could be favourable for these filter feeding organisms but when their densities become too high, they tend to overgrow their hosts and may become a threat to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland J van der Schoot
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700, CC, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700, CC, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Glidden CK, Field LC, Bachhuber S, Hennessey SM, Cates R, Cohen L, Crockett E, Degnin M, Feezell MK, Fulton‐Bennett HK, Pires D, Poirson BN, Randell ZH, White E, Gravem SA. Strategies for managing marine disease. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2643. [PMID: 35470930 PMCID: PMC9786832 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) has increased in wildlife populations in recent years and is expected to continue to increase with global environmental change. Marine diseases are relatively understudied compared with terrestrial diseases but warrant parallel attention as they can disrupt ecosystems, cause economic loss, and threaten human livelihoods. Although there are many existing tools to combat the direct and indirect consequences of EIDs, these management strategies are often insufficient or ineffective in marine habitats compared with their terrestrial counterparts, often due to fundamental differences between marine and terrestrial systems. Here, we first illustrate how the marine environment and marine organism life histories present challenges and opportunities for wildlife disease management. We then assess the application of common disease management strategies to marine versus terrestrial systems to identify those that may be most effective for marine disease outbreak prevention, response, and recovery. Finally, we recommend multiple actions that will enable more successful management of marine wildlife disease emergencies in the future. These include prioritizing marine disease research and understanding its links to climate change, improving marine ecosystem health, forming better monitoring and response networks, developing marine veterinary medicine programs, and enacting policy that addresses marine and other wildlife diseases. Overall, we encourage a more proactive rather than reactive approach to marine wildlife disease management and emphasize that multidisciplinary collaborations are crucial to managing marine wildlife health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K. Glidden
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laurel C. Field
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Silke Bachhuber
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | | | - Robyn Cates
- College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Lesley Cohen
- College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Elin Crockett
- College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Michelle Degnin
- College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Maya K. Feezell
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | | | - Devyn Pires
- College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | | | - Zachary H. Randell
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Erick White
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Sarah A. Gravem
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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MacKnight NJ, Dimos BA, Beavers KM, Muller EM, Brandt ME, Mydlarz LD. Disease resistance in coral is mediated by distinct adaptive and plastic gene expression profiles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6153. [PMID: 36179017 PMCID: PMC9524840 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an increasing threat to coral reefs, resulting in altered community structure and hindering the functional contributions of disease-susceptible species. We exposed seven reef-building coral species from the Caribbean to white plague disease and determined processes involved in (i) lesion progression, (ii) within-species gene expression plasticity, and (iii) expression-level adaptation among species that lead to differences in disease risk. Gene expression networks enriched in immune genes and cytoskeletal arrangement processes were correlated to lesion progression rates. Whether or not a coral developed a lesion was mediated by plasticity in genes involved in extracellular matrix maintenance, autophagy, and apoptosis, while resistant coral species had constitutively higher expression of intracellular protein trafficking. This study offers insight into the process involved in lesion progression and within- and between-species dynamics that lead to differences in disease risk that is evident on current Caribbean reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. MacKnight
- University of Texas at Arlington, 337 Life Science Building, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Bradford A. Dimos
- University of Texas at Arlington, 337 Life Science Building, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Beavers
- University of Texas at Arlington, 337 Life Science Building, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Erinn M. Muller
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Marilyn E. Brandt
- University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, VI 00802, USA
| | - Laura D. Mydlarz
- University of Texas at Arlington, 337 Life Science Building, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Gendron RL, Hyde T, Paradis H, Cao T, Machimbirike VI, Segovia C, Vasquez I, Ghasemieshkaftaki M, Scapigliati G, Boyce D, Santander J. CD45 in ocular tissues during larval and juvenile stages and early stages of V. anguillarum infection in young lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:523-535. [PMID: 35998868 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to infectious diseases impacting lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) eye tissue are only starting to be studied at a molecular and histopathological level. In this study, we extend our understanding of lumpfish sensory organ anatomy, of components of the lumpfish nasal and ocular immune system and the nature of the intraocular response to Vibrio anguillarum infection. We have evaluated the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 45 protein, a tyrosine phosphatase, in larval and juvenile lumpfish tissues in order to spatially survey ocular and related head structures that may participate in early stages of intraocular immune responses. We provide here a histological mapping of the larval lumpfish nasal chamber system since its connectively with the eye though mucosal epithelia have not been explored. These results build upon our growing understanding of the lumpfish intraocular immune response to pathogens, exemplified herein by experimental nasally delivered V. anguillarum infection. CD45 is developmentally regulated in lumpfish eyes and periocular anatomy with early expression appearing in larvae in corneal epithelium and in nasal structures adjacent to the eye. Normal juvenile and adult lumpfish eyes express CD45 in the corneal epithelium, in leukocyte cells within blood vessel lumens of the rete mirabile, choroid body and choriocapillaris vasculatures. Experimental nasally delivered V. anguillarum infection led to qualitative and quantitative changes in CD45 expression in head kidney renal tubule tissues by 7 days post infection (dpi). The same animals showed redistribution and upregulation of corneal epithelial CD45 expression, corneal epithelial dysplasia and an increased frequency of CD45+ cells in ocular vasculature. Interestingly, while CD45 upregulation and/or CD45+ cell infiltration into inner ocular and retinal tissues was not observed under this experimental scenario, subtle neural retinal changes were observed in infected fish. This work provides new fundamental knowledge on North Atlantic teleost visual systems and vision biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Gendron
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada.
| | - Tatiana Hyde
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Hélène Paradis
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Trung Cao
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, A1C 5S7, NL, Canada
| | - Vimbai I Machimbirike
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, A1C 5S7, NL, Canada
| | - Cristopher Segovia
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, A1C 5S7, NL, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, A1C 5S7, NL, Canada
| | - Maryam Ghasemieshkaftaki
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, A1C 5S7, NL, Canada
| | | | - Danny Boyce
- Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, A1C 5S7, NL, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, A1C 5S7, NL, Canada
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Yao S, Li L, Guan X, He Y, Jouaux A, Xu F, Guo X, Zhang G, Zhang L. Pooled resequencing of larvae and adults reveals genomic variations associated with Ostreid herpesvirus 1 resistance in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928628. [PMID: 36059443 PMCID: PMC9437489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a lethal pathogen of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), an important aquaculture species. To understand the genetic architecture of the defense against the pathogen, we studied genomic variations associated with herpesvirus-caused mortalities by pooled whole-genome resequencing of before and after-mortality larval samples as well as dead and surviving adults from a viral challenge. Analysis of the resequencing data identified 5,271 SNPs and 1,883 genomic regions covering 3,111 genes in larvae, and 18,692 SNPs and 28,314 regions covering 4,863 genes in adults that were significantly associated with herpesvirus-caused mortalities. Only 1,653 of the implicated genes were shared by larvae and adults, suggesting that the antiviral response or resistance in larvae and adults involves different sets of genes or differentiated members of expanded gene families. Combined analyses with previous transcriptomic data from challenge experiments revealed that transcription of many mortality-associated genes was also significantly upregulated by herpesvirus infection confirming their importance in antiviral response. Key immune response genes especially those encoding antiviral receptors such as TLRs and RLRs displayed strong association between variation in regulatory region and herpesvirus-caused mortality, suggesting they may confer resistance through transcriptional modulation. These results point to previously undescribed genetic mechanisms for disease resistance at different developmental stages and provide candidate polymorphisms and genes that are valuable for understanding antiviral immune responses and breeding for herpesvirus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Guan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Aude Jouaux
- UMR BOREA, “Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques”, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, France
| | - Fei Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ximing Guo
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Ximing Guo, ; Guofan Zhang, ; Linlin Zhang,
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ximing Guo, ; Guofan Zhang, ; Linlin Zhang,
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ximing Guo, ; Guofan Zhang, ; Linlin Zhang,
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Oulhen N, Byrne M, Duffin P, Gomez-Chiarri M, Hewson I, Hodin J, Konar B, Lipp EK, Miner BG, Newton AL, Schiebelhut LM, Smolowitz R, Wahltinez SJ, Wessel GM, Work TM, Zaki HA, Wares JP. A Review of Asteroid Biology in the Context of Sea Star Wasting: Possible Causes and Consequences. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:50-75. [PMID: 36108034 PMCID: PMC10642522 DOI: 10.1086/719928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSea star wasting-marked in a variety of sea star species as varying degrees of skin lesions followed by disintegration-recently caused one of the largest marine die-offs ever recorded on the west coast of North America, killing billions of sea stars. Despite the important ramifications this mortality had for coastal benthic ecosystems, such as increased abundance of prey, little is known about the causes of the disease or the mechanisms of its progression. Although there have been studies indicating a range of causal mechanisms, including viruses and environmental effects, the broad spatial and depth range of affected populations leaves many questions remaining about either infectious or non-infectious mechanisms. Wasting appears to start with degradation of mutable connective tissue in the body wall, leading to disintegration of the epidermis. Here, we briefly review basic sea star biology in the context of sea star wasting and present our current knowledge and hypotheses related to the symptoms, the microbiome, the viruses, and the associated environmental stressors. We also highlight throughout the article knowledge gaps and the data needed to better understand sea star wasting mechanistically, its causes, and potential management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Maria Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paige Duffin
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Marta Gomez-Chiarri
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Ian Hewson
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jason Hodin
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington
| | - Brenda Konar
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Benjamin G. Miner
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington
| | | | - Lauren M. Schiebelhut
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Roxanna Smolowitz
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island
| | - Sarah J. Wahltinez
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gary M. Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Thierry M. Work
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Hossam A. Zaki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John P. Wares
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Vibrio splendidus infection induces dysbiosis in the blue mussel and favors pathobiontic bacteria. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Elevating Air Temperature may Enhance Future Epidemic Risk of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora infestans. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080808. [PMID: 36012796 PMCID: PMC9410326 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of pathogen adaptation to global warming is important for predicting future disease epidemics and food production in agricultural ecosystems; however, the patterns and mechanisms of such adaptation in many plant pathogens are poorly understood. Here, population genetics combined with physiological assays and common garden experiments were used to analyze the genetics, physiology, and thermal preference of pathogen aggressiveness in an evolutionary context using 140 Phytophthora infestans genotypes under five temperature regimes. Pathogens originating from warmer regions were more thermophilic and had a broader thermal niche than those from cooler regions. Phenotypic plasticity contributed ~10-fold more than heritability measured by genetic variance. Further, experimental temperatures altered the expression of genetic variation and the association of pathogen aggressiveness with the local temperature. Increasing experimental temperature enhanced the variation in aggressiveness. At low experimental temperatures, pathogens from warmer places produced less disease than those from cooler places; however, this pattern was reversed at higher experimental temperatures. These results suggest that geographic variation in the thermal preferences of pathogens should be included in modeling future disease epidemics in agricultural ecosystems in response to global warming, and greater attention should be paid to preventing the movement of pathogens from warmer to cooler places.
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Meyers TR, Morris R, Jackson TM, Dissen JN, Slater LM, Groner ML. Black eye syndrome and a systemic rickettsia-like organism in Alaskan Chionoecetes spp. crabs, including normal eyestalk microanatomy. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 150:103-124. [PMID: 35899963 DOI: 10.3354/dao03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A black eye syndrome (BES) was discovered in both captive and wild populations of Alaskan snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio and Tanner crabs C. bairdi. Field prevalences ranged from 0.37% (n = 594/161295) to 19.6% (n = 62/316) in snow crabs from the eastern Bering Sea and from 0.09% (n = 15/16638) to 0.7% (n = 133/18473) in Tanner crabs from the same trawl samples, with a slightly greater percentage (1.4%, n = 57/3945) in Tanner crabs from the Aleutian and Kodiak islands fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska. BES is not associated with crab mortality and has 2 distinct manifestations: abnormal black foci of internal eye pigment with no discernible histological lesions, which, in many cases, is followed by corneal shell disease with ulceration and distal eyestalk erosion. It is assumed for this study that these are early and late stages of BES that are somehow related. Our results suggest that early stages of abnormal pigmentation are noninfectious, possibly related to changing ocean conditions affecting crab endocrinology and neuropeptide control of secondary eye pigment. Potential light-induced photoreceptor damage of harvested crabs with dark-adapted eyes is another anthropogenic factor possibly contributing to the early changes in eye pigmentation. Normal eyestalk microanatomy specific for Chionoecetes spp. is provided as necessary baseline information for future studies. Early in the study, an unreported rickettsia-like organism (RLO) was discovered infecting dissected black eyestalks submitted for examination from 5 of 6 dead snow crabs, suggesting association with BES. Subsequent samples indicated the RLO was systemic, infected both black and normal-appearing eyestalks, and was unrelated to BES. However, the multiorgan infection and histopathology indicated the RLO could be a primary pathogen of snow crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Meyers
- Juneau Fish/Shellfish Pathology Laboratory, Commercial Fisheries Division (CFD), Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), Juneau, AK 99811-5526, USA
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45
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Predictable Changes in Eelgrass Microbiomes with Increasing Wasting Disease Prevalence across 23° Latitude in the Northeastern Pacific. mSystems 2022; 7:e0022422. [PMID: 35856664 PMCID: PMC9426469 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00224-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting outcomes of marine disease outbreaks presents a challenge in the face of both global and local stressors. Host-associated microbiomes may play important roles in disease dynamics but remain understudied in marine ecosystems. Host–pathogen–microbiome interactions can vary across host ranges, gradients of disease, and temperature; studying these relationships may aid our ability to forecast disease dynamics. Eelgrass, Zostera marina, is impacted by outbreaks of wasting disease caused by the opportunistic pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae. We investigated how Z. marina phyllosphere microbial communities vary with rising wasting disease lesion prevalence and severity relative to plant and meadow characteristics like shoot density, longest leaf length, and temperature across 23° latitude in the Northeastern Pacific. We detected effects of geography (11%) and smaller, but distinct, effects of temperature (30-day max sea surface temperature, 4%) and disease (lesion prevalence, 3%) on microbiome composition. Declines in alpha diversity on asymptomatic tissue occurred with rising wasting disease prevalence within meadows. However, no change in microbiome variability (dispersion) was detected between asymptomatic and symptomatic tissues. Further, we identified members of Cellvibrionaceae, Colwelliaceae, and Granulosicoccaceae on asymptomatic tissue that are predictive of wasting disease prevalence across the geographic range (3,100 kilometers). Functional roles of Colwelliaceae and Granulosicoccaceae are not known. Cellvibrionaceae, degraders of plant cellulose, were also enriched in lesions and adjacent green tissue relative to nonlesioned leaves. Cellvibrionaceae may play important roles in disease progression by degrading host tissues or overwhelming plant immune responses. Thus, inclusion of microbiomes in wasting disease studies may improve our ability to understand variable rates of infection, disease progression, and plant survival. IMPORTANCE The roles of marine microbiomes in disease remain poorly understood due, in part, to the challenging nature of sampling at appropriate spatiotemporal scales and across natural gradients of disease throughout host ranges. This is especially true for marine vascular plants like eelgrass (Zostera marina) that are vital for ecosystem function and biodiversity but are susceptible to rapid decline and die-off from pathogens like eukaryotic slime-mold Labyrinthula zosterae (wasting disease). We link bacterial members of phyllosphere tissues to the prevalence of wasting disease across the broadest geographic range to date for a marine plant microbiome-disease study (3,100 km). We identify Cellvibrionaceae, plant cell wall degraders, enriched (up to 61% relative abundance) within lesion tissue, which suggests this group may be playing important roles in disease progression. These findings suggest inclusion of microbiomes in marine disease studies will improve our ability to predict ecological outcomes of infection across variable landscapes spanning thousands of kilometers.
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Li X, Yang B, Shi C, Wang H, Yu R, Li Q, Liu S. Synergistic Interaction of Low Salinity Stress With Vibrio Infection Causes Mass Mortalities in the Oyster by Inducing Host Microflora Imbalance and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859975. [PMID: 35663972 PMCID: PMC9162580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A sudden drop in salinity following extreme precipitation events usually causes mass mortality of oysters exposed to pathogens in ocean environment. While how low salinity stress interacts with pathogens to cause mass mortality remains obscure. In this study, we performed an experiment by low salinity stress and pathogen infection with Vibrio alginolyticus to investigate their synergistic effect on the mortality of the Pacific oyster toward understanding of the interaction among environment, host, and pathogen. We showed that low salinity stress did not significantly affect proliferation and virulence of V. alginolyticus, but significantly altered microbial composition and immune response of infected oysters. Microbial community profiling by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed disrupted homeostasis of digestive bacterial microbiota with the abundance of several pathogenic bacteria being increased, which may affect the pathogenesis in infected oysters. Transcriptome profiling of infected oysters revealed that a large number of genes associated with apoptosis and inflammation were significantly upregulated under low salinity, suggesting that low salinity stress may have triggered immune dysregulation in infected oysters. Our results suggest that host-pathogen interactions are strongly affected by low salinity stress, which is of great significance for assessing future environmental risk of pathogenic diseases, decoding the interaction among environment, host genetics and commensal microbes, and disease surveillance in the oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hebing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruihai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Huntley N, Brandt ME, Becker CC, Miller CA, Meiling SS, Correa AMS, Holstein DM, Muller EM, Mydlarz LD, Smith TB, Apprill A. Experimental transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease results in differential microbial responses within coral mucus and tissue. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:46. [PMID: 37938315 PMCID: PMC9723713 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a widespread and deadly disease that affects nearly half of Caribbean coral species. To understand the microbial community response to this disease, we performed a disease transmission experiment on US Virgin Island (USVI) corals, exposing six species of coral with varying susceptibility to SCTLD. The microbial community of the surface mucus and tissue layers were examined separately using a small subunit ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing approach, and data were analyzed to identify microbial community shifts following disease acquisition, potential causative pathogens, as well as compare microbiota composition to field-based corals from the USVI and Florida outbreaks. While all species displayed similar microbiome composition with disease acquisition, microbiome similarity patterns differed by both species and mucus or tissue microhabitat. Further, disease exposed but not lesioned corals harbored a mucus microbial community similar to those showing disease signs, suggesting that mucus may serve as an early warning detection for the onset of SCTLD. Like other SCTLD studies in Florida, Rhodobacteraceae, Arcobacteraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Fusibacter, Marinifilaceae, and Vibrionaceae dominated diseased corals. This study demonstrates the differential response of the mucus and tissue microorganisms to SCTLD and suggests that mucus microorganisms may be diagnostic for early disease exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Huntley
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn E Brandt
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
| | - Cynthia C Becker
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn A Miller
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Sonora S Meiling
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
| | | | - Daniel M Holstein
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Laura D Mydlarz
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tyler B Smith
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA
| | - Amy Apprill
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
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48
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Okamura B, Gruhl A, De Baets K. Evolutionary transitions of parasites between freshwater and marine environments. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:345-356. [PMID: 35604852 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions of organisms between environments have long fascinated biologists but attention has focused almost exclusively on free-living organisms and challenges to achieve such transitions. This bias requires addressing because parasites are a major component of biodiversity. We address this imbalance by focusing on transitions of parasitic animals between marine and freshwater environments. We highlight parasite traits and processes that may influence transition likelihood (e.g. transmission mode, life cycle, host use), and consider mechanisms and directions of transitions. Evidence for transitions in deep time and at present are described, and transitions in our changing world are considered. We propose that environmental transitions may be facilitated for endoparasites because hosts reduce exposure to physiologically challenging environments and argue that adoption of an endoparasitic lifestyle entails an equivalent transitioning process as organisms switch from living in one environment (e.g. freshwater, seawater, or air) to living symbiotically within hosts. Environmental transitions of parasites have repeatedly resulted in novel forms and diversification, contributing to the tree of life. Recognising the potential processes underlying present-day and future environmental transitions is crucial in view of our changing world and the current biodiversity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Okamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kenneth De Baets
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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Future Climate Change Conditions May Compromise Metabolic Performance in Juveniles of the Mud Crab Scylla serrata. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Research characterising the effects of future climate change on the marine environment remains heavily focussed on that of temperate regions and organisms. Furthermore, little is known of these effects on the early life stages of many marine species. Tropical regions are already experiencing an increase in sea surface temperature and decrease in sea surface salinity, conditions favoured by pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio spp. The early life stages of crabs are known to be particularly vulnerable to both the direct physiological effects of climate change and exposure to harmful microorganisms, yet there are limited data on these effects on juveniles of many tropical crustacean species. This study assessed the metabolic responses of mud crab (Scylla serrata) juveniles to warming and/or freshening in the presence or absence of pathogenic bacteria in southwest India. Juvenile crabs were exposed to either ambient (28 °C/30 PSU) or one of three projected climate change regimes (28 °C/20 PSU (freshening), 32 °C/30 PSU (warming), 32 °C/20 PSU (warming + freshening)) for 10 days, in either the presence or absence of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Results show that simulated climate change conditions, especially freshening, caused a significant increase in oxygen consumption rates (MO2), and that these were further increased when juveniles were exposed to V. parahaemolyticus. These results suggest that the effects of future climate change conditions could have significant implications for the conservation of wild stocks and commercial farming of this species in South Asia.
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50
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Geraci-Yee S, Allam B, Collier JL. Keeping up with advances in qPCR pathogen detection: an example for QPX disease in hard clams. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 148:127-144. [PMID: 35356896 DOI: 10.3354/dao03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With marine diseases on the rise and increased reliance on molecular tools for disease surveillance, validated pathogen detection capabilities are important for effective management, mitigation, and response to disease outbreaks. At the same time, in an era of continual evolution and advancement of molecular tools for pathogen detection, it is critical to regularly reassess previously established assays to incorporate improvements of common practices and procedures, such as the minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments (MIQE) guidelines. Here, we reassessed, re-optimized, and improved the quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay routinely used for Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX) disease monitoring. We made 19 significant changes to the qPCR assay, including improvements to PCR amplification efficiency, DNA extraction efficiency, inhibition testing, incorporation of linearized standards for absolute quantification, an inter-plate calibration technique, and improved conversion from copy number to number of cells. These changes made the assay a more effective and efficient tool for disease monitoring and pathogen detection, with an improved linear relationship with histopathology compared to the previous version of the assay. To support the wide adoption of validated qPCR assays for marine pathogens, we provide a simple workflow that can be applied to the development of new assays, re-optimization of old or suboptimal assays, or assay validation after changes to the protocol and a MIQE-compliant checklist that should accompany any published qPCR diagnostic assay to increase experimental transparency and reproducibility amongst laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Geraci-Yee
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000, USA
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