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Wu J, Guo J, Xia S, Chen J, Cao M, Xie L, Yang C, Qiu F, Wang J. A Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Triptolide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400120. [PMID: 38864263 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), an active component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), shows great promise for treating inflammation-related diseases. However, its potential nephrotoxic effects remain concerning. The mechanism underlying TP-induced nephrotoxicity is inadequately elucidated, particularly at single-cell resolution. Hence, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of kidney tissues from control and TP-treated mice is performed to generate a thorough description of the renal cell atlas upon TP treatment. Heterogeneous responses of nephron epithelial cells are observed after TP exposure, attributing differential susceptibility of cell subtypes to excessive reactive oxygen species and increased inflammatory responses. Moreover, TP disrupts vascular function by activating endothelial cell immunity and damaging fibroblasts. Severe immune cell damage and the activation of pro-inflammatory Macro_C1 cells are also observed with TP treatment. Additionally, ligand-receptor crosstalk analysis reveals that the SPP1 (osteopontin) signaling pathway targeting Macro_C1 cells is triggered by TP treatment, which may promote the infiltration of Macro_C1 cells to exacerbate renal toxicity. Overall, this study provides comprehensive information on the transcriptomic profiles and cellular composition of TP-associated nephrotoxicity at single-cell resolution, which can strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of TP-induced nephrotoxicity and provide valuable clues for the discovery of new therapeutic targets to ameliorate TP-associated nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jinan Guo
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Lulin Xie
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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2
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Cheng CJ, Nizar JM, Dai DF, Huang CL. Transport activity regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis in renal tubules. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23703. [PMID: 38805156 PMCID: PMC11147170 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400358rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Renal tubules are featured with copious mitochondria and robust transport activity. Mutations in mitochondrial genes cause congenital renal tubulopathies, and changes in transport activity affect mitochondrial morphology, suggesting mitochondrial function and transport activity are tightly coupled. Current methods of using bulk kidney tissues or cultured cells to study mitochondrial bioenergetics are limited. Here, we optimized an extracellular flux analysis (EFA) to study mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism using microdissected mouse renal tubule segments. EFA detects mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis by measuring oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates, respectively. We show that both measurements positively correlate with sample sizes of a few centimeter-length renal tubules. The thick ascending limbs (TALs) and distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) critically utilize glucose/pyruvate as energy substrates, whereas proximal tubules (PTs) are significantly much less so. Acute inhibition of TALs' transport activity by ouabain treatment reduces basal and ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration. Chronic inhibition of transport activity by 2-week furosemide treatment or deletion of with-no-lysine kinase 4 (Wnk4) decreases maximal mitochondrial capacity. In addition, chronic inhibition downregulates mitochondrial DNA mass and mitochondrial length/density in TALs and DCTs. Conversely, gain-of-function Wnk4 mutation increases maximal mitochondrial capacity and mitochondrial length/density without increasing mitochondrial DNA mass. In conclusion, EFA is a sensitive and reliable method to investigate mitochondrial functions in isolated renal tubules. Transport activity tightly regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis to meet the energy demand in renal tubules. The system allows future investigation into whether and how mitochondria contribute to tubular remodeling adapted to changes in transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan M Nizar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A
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Alghamdi M, Chen JF, Jungbluth A, Koutzaki S, Palmer MB, Al-Ahmadie HA, Fine SW, Gopalan A, Sarungbam J, Sirintrapun SJ, Tickoo SK, Reuter VE, Chen YB. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1CAM) Expression and Molecular Alterations Distinguish Low-Grade Oncocytic Tumor From Eosinophilic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100467. [PMID: 38460672 PMCID: PMC11102321 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Renal low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) is a recently recognized renal cell neoplasm designated within the "other oncocytic tumors" category in the 2022 World Health Organization classification system. Although the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features reported for LOT have been largely consistent, the data are relatively limited. The morphologic overlap between LOT and other low-grade oncocytic neoplasms, particularly eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (E-chRCC), remains a controversial area in renal tumor classification. To address this uncertainty, we characterized and compared large cohorts of LOT (n = 67) and E-chRCC (n = 69) and revealed notable differences between the 2 entities. Clinically, LOT predominantly affected women, whereas E-chRCC showed a male predilection. Histologically, although almost all LOTs were dominated by a small-nested pattern, E-chRCC mainly showed solid and tubular architectures. Molecular analysis revealed that 87% of LOT cases harbored mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, most frequently in MTOR and RHEB genes; a subset of LOT cases had chromosomal 7 and 19q gains. In contrast, E-chRCC lacked mTORC1 mutations, and 60% of cases displayed chromosomal losses characteristic of chRCC. We also explored the cell of origin for LOT and identified L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), a collecting duct and connecting tubule principal cell marker, as a highly sensitive and specific ancillary test for differentiating LOT from E-chRCC. This distinctive L1CAM immunohistochemical labeling suggests the principal cells as the cell of origin for LOT, unlike the intercalated cell origin of E-chRCC and oncocytoma. The ultrastructural analysis of LOT showed normal-appearing mitochondria and intracytoplasmic lumina with microvilli, different from what has been described for chRCC. Our study further supports LOT as a unique entity with a benign clinical course. Based on the likely cell of origin and its clinicopathologic characteristics, we propose that changing the nomenclature of LOT to "Oncocytic Principal Cell Adenoma of the Kidney" may be a better way to define and describe this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alghamdi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Achim Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sirma Koutzaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew B Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hikmat A Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samson W Fine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Judy Sarungbam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - S Joseph Sirintrapun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Victor E Reuter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Fularski P, Czarnik W, Frankenstein H, Gąsior M, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Unveiling Selected Influences on Chronic Kidney Disease Development and Progression. Cells 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38727287 PMCID: PMC11083010 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, more and more people are suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is estimated that CKD affects over 10% of the population worldwide. This is a significant issue, as the kidneys largely contribute to maintaining homeostasis by, among other things, regulating blood pressure, the pH of blood, and the water-electrolyte balance and by eliminating unnecessary metabolic waste products from blood. What is more, this disease does not show any specific symptoms at the beginning. The development of CKD is predisposed by certain conditions, such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. However, these disorders are not the only factors promoting the onset and progression of CKD. The primary purpose of this review is to examine renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular calcification (VC), uremic toxins, and hypertension in the context of their impact on the occurrence and the course of CKD. We firmly believe that a deeper comprehension of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CKD can lead to an enhanced understanding of the disease. In the future, this may result in the development of medications targeting specific mechanisms involved in the decline of kidney function. Our paper unveils the selected processes responsible for the deterioration of renal filtration abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Witold Czarnik
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Hanna Frankenstein
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Magdalena Gąsior
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (M.G.)
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Lee LE, Doke T, Mukhi D, Susztak K. The key role of altered tubule cell lipid metabolism in kidney disease development. Kidney Int 2024:S0085-2538(24)00252-7. [PMID: 38614389 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Kidney epithelial cells have very high energy requirements, which are largely met by fatty acid oxidation. Complex changes in lipid metabolism are observed in patients with kidney disease. Defects in fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid uptake, especially in the context of hyperlipidemia and proteinuria, contribute to this excess lipid build-up and exacerbate kidney disease development. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of increased de novo lipogenesis in kidney fibrosis. The defect in fatty acid oxidation causes energy starvation. Increased lipid uptake, synthesis, and lower fatty acid oxidation can cause toxic lipid build-up, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial damage. A better understanding of these metabolic processes may open new treatment avenues for kidney diseases by targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Lee
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomohito Doke
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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6
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Chambers BE, Weaver NE, Lara CM, Nguyen TK, Wingert RA. (Zebra)fishing for nephrogenesis genes. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2219605. [PMID: 37254823 PMCID: PMC11042071 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2219605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a devastating condition affecting millions of people worldwide, where over 100,000 patients in the United States alone remain waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant. Concomitant with a surge in personalized medicine, single-gene mutations, and polygenic risk alleles have been brought to the forefront as core causes of a spectrum of renal disorders. With the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, it is imperative to make substantial strides in the field of kidney genetics. Nephrons, the core functional units of the kidney, are epithelial tubules that act as gatekeepers of body homeostasis by absorbing and secreting ions, water, and small molecules to filter the blood. Each nephron contains a series of proximal and distal segments with explicit metabolic functions. The embryonic zebrafish provides an ideal platform to systematically dissect the genetic cues governing kidney development. Here, we review the use of zebrafish to discover nephrogenesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Nicole E. Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Caroline M. Lara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (IN), USA
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Liu AY. Prostate cancer research: tools, cell types, and molecular targets. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1321694. [PMID: 38595814 PMCID: PMC11002103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1321694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancer cell types are found in prostate tumors. They are either luminal-like adenocarcinoma or less luminal-like and more stem-like non-adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. These types are lineage related through differentiation. Loss of cancer differentiation from luminal-like to stem-like is mediated by the activation of stem cell transcription factors (scTF) such as LIN28A, NANOG, POU5F1 and SOX2. scTF expression leads to down-regulation of β2-microglobulin (B2M). Thus, cancer cells can change from the scT F ˜ B 2 M hi phenotype of differentiated to that of scT F ˙ B 2 M lo of dedifferentiated in the disease course. In development, epithelial cell differentiation is induced by stromal signaling and cell contact. One of the stromal factors specific to prostate encodes proenkephalin (PENK). PENK can down-regulate scTF and up-regulate B2M in stem-like small cell carcinoma LuCaP 145.1 cells indicative of exit from the stem state and differentiation. In fact, prostate cancer cells can be made to undergo dedifferentiation or reprogramming by scTF transfection and then to differentiate by PENK transfection. Therapies need to be designed for treating the different cancer cell types. Extracellular anterior gradient 2 (eAGR2) is an adenocarcinoma antigen associated with cancer differentiation that can be targeted by antibodies to lyse tumor cells with immune system components. eAGR2 is specific to cancer as normal cells express only the intracellular form (iAGR2). For AGR2-negative stem-like cancer cells, factors like PENK that can target scTF could be effective in differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Y. Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Kim D, Whang CH, Hong J, Prayogo MC, Jung W, Lee S, Shin H, Kim Y, Yu J, Kim MJ, Kim K, Lee HS, Jon S. Glycocalyx-Mimicking Nanoparticles with Differential Organ Selectivity for Drug Delivery and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311283. [PMID: 38489768 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Organ-selective drug delivery is expected to maximize the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities while minimizing their systemic toxicity. Lipid nanoparticles and polymersomes can direct the organ-selective delivery of mRNAs or gene editing machineries, but their delivery is limited to mostly liver, spleen, and lung. A platform that enables delivery to these and other target organs is urgently needed. Here, a library of glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles (GlyNPs) comprising five randomly combined sugar moieties is generated, and direct in vivo library screening is used to identify GlyNPs with preferential biodistribution in liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, heart, and brain. Each organ-targeting GlyNP hit show cellular tropism within the organ. Liver, kidney, and spleen-targeting GlyNP hits equipped with therapeutics effectively can alleviate the symptoms of acetaminophen-induced liver injury, cisplatin-induced kidney injury, and immune thrombocytopenia in mice, respectively. Furthermore, the differential organ targeting of GlyNP hits is influenced not by the protein corona but by the sugar moieties displayed on their surface. It is envisioned that the GlyNP-based platform may enable the organ- and cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Whang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Monica Celine Prayogo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yu
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joong Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Roskosch J, Huynh-Do U, Rudloff S. Lectin-mediated, time-efficient, and high-yield sorting of different morphologically intact nephron segments. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:379-393. [PMID: 38091061 PMCID: PMC10847228 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The kidney is a highly complex organ equipped with a multitude of miniscule filter-tubule units called nephrons. Each nephron can be subdivided into multiple segments, each with its own morphology and physiological function. To date, conventional manual approaches to isolate specific nephron segments are very laborious, time-consuming, often limited to only a specific segment, and typically have low yield. Here, we describe a novel, unconventional method that is superior in many aspects to previous protocols by combining low-cost fluorophore-conjugated lectins or agglutinins (Flaggs) with flow sorting. This allows the simultaneous separation of different nephron segments with preserved 3D morphology from mouse or human samples in under 3 h. Using a 200-µm nozzle and 5 psi, glomeruli, proximal, or distal convoluted tubules are sorted with Cy3-labeled Sambucus Nigra agglutinin (SNA-Cy3), Fluorescein-labeled Lotus Tetragonolobus lectin (LTL-FITC), or Pacific Blue-labeled soybean agglutinin (SBA-PB), respectively. Connecting tubules and collecting ducts are sorted by double-positive SBA-PB and SNA-Cy3 signals, while thick ascending limb segments are characterized by the absence of any Flaggs labeling. From two mouse kidneys, this yields 37-521 ng protein/s or 0.71-16.71 ng RNA/s, depending on the specific nephron segment. The purity of sorted segments, as assessed by mRNA expression level profiling of 15 genes, is very high with a 96.1-fold median enrichment across all genes and sorted segments. In summary, our method represents a simple, straightforward, cost-effective, and widely applicable tool yielding high amounts of pure and morphologically largely intact renal tubule materials with the potential to propel nephron segment-specific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roskosch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern and University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uyen Huynh-Do
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern and University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Rudloff
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern and University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Medaer L, Veys K, Gijsbers R. Current Status and Prospects of Viral Vector-Based Gene Therapy to Treat Kidney Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:139-150. [PMID: 38386502 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited kidney diseases are among the leading causes of chronic kidney disease, reducing the quality of life and resulting in substantial socioeconomic impact. The advent of early genetic testing and the growing understanding of the molecular basis and pathophysiology of these disorders have opened avenues for novel treatment strategies. Viral vector-based gene therapies have evolved from experimental treatments for rare diseases to potent platforms that carry the intrinsic potential to provide a cure with a single application. Several gene therapy products have reached the market, and the numbers are only expected to increase. Still, none target inherited kidney diseases. Gene transfer to the kidney has lagged when compared to other tissue-directed therapies such as hepatic, neuromuscular, and ocular tissues. Systemic delivery of genetic information to tackle kidney disease is challenging. The pharma industry is taking steps to take on kidney disease and to translate the current research into the therapeutic arena. In this review, we provide an overview of the current viral vector-based approaches and their potential. We discuss advances in platforms and injection routes that have been explored to enhance gene delivery toward kidney cells in animal models, and how these can fuel the development of viable gene therapy products for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Medaer
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Koenraad Veys
- Laboratory of Paediatric Nephrology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, Faculty of Medicine; KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Ono M, Izumi Y, Maruyama K, Yasuoka Y, Hiramatsu A, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C, Nonoguchi H, Kakizoe Y, Adachi M, Kuwabara T, Mukoyama M. Characterization of gene expression in the kidney of renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F394-F410. [PMID: 38153851 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00233.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5; also called TonEBP/OREBP) is a transcription factor that is activated by hypertonicity and induces osmoprotective genes to protect cells against hypertonic conditions. In the kidney, renal tubular NFAT5 is known to be involved in the urine concentration mechanism. Previous studies have suggested that NFAT5 modulates the immune system and exerts various effects on organ damage, depending on organ and disease states. Pathophysiological roles of NFAT5 in renal tubular cells, however, still remain obscure. We conducted comprehensive analysis by performing transcription start site (TSS) sequencing on the kidney of inducible and renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 knockout (KO) mice. Mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction to examine the relevance of renal tubular NFAT5 in renal fibrosis. TSS sequencing analysis identified 722 downregulated TSSs and 1,360 upregulated TSSs, which were differentially regulated ≤-1.0 and ≥1.0 in log2 fold, respectively. Those TSSs were annotated to 532 downregulated genes and 944 upregulated genes, respectively. Motif analysis showed that sequences that possibly bind to NFAT5 were enriched in TSSs of downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis with the upregulated genes suggested disorder of innate and adaptive immune systems in the kidney. Unilateral ureteral obstruction significantly exacerbated renal fibrosis in the renal medulla in KO mice compared with wild-type mice, accompanied by enhanced activation of immune responses. In conclusion, NFAT5 in renal tubules could have pathophysiological roles in renal fibrosis through modulating innate and adaptive immune systems in the kidney.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TSS-Seq analysis of the kidney from renal tubular cell-specific NFAT5 KO mice uncovered novel genes that are possibly regulated by NFAT5 in the kidney under physiological conditions. The study further implied disorders of innate and adaptive immune systems in NFAT5 KO mice, thereby exacerbating renal fibrosis at pathological states. Our results may implicate the involvement of renal tubular NFAT5 in the progression of renal fibrosis. Further studies would be worthwhile for the development of novel therapy to treat chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ono
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Izumi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasuoka
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Nonoguchi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kakizoe
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Liu J, Feng L, Jia Q, Meng J, Zhao Y, Ren L, Yan Z, Wang M, Qin J. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifies mitophagy biomarkers and potential Molecular mechanisms in hypertensive nephropathy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38334110 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2311344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria, plays a critical role in kidney diseases, but its involvement in hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) is not well understood. To address this gap, we investigated mitophagy-related genes in HTN, identifying potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Transcriptome datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed, resulting in the identification of seven mitophagy related differentially expressed genes (MR-DEGs), namely PINK1, ULK1, SQSTM1, ATG5, ATG12, MFN2, and UBA52. Further, we explored the correlation between MR-DEGs, immune cells, and inflammatory factors. The identified genes demonstrated a strong correlation with Mast cells, T-cells, TGFβ3, IL13, and CSF3. Machine learning techniques were employed to screen important genes, construct diagnostic models, and evaluate their accuracy. Consensus clustering divided the HTN patients into two mitophagy subgroups, with Subgroup 2 showing higher levels of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory factors. The functions of their proteins primarily involve complement, coagulation, lipids, and vascular smooth muscle contraction. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that mitophagy was most significant in proximal tubule cells (PTC) in HTN patients. Pseudotime analysis of PTC confirmed the expression changes observed in the transcriptome. Intercellular communication analysis suggested that mitophagy might regulate PTC's participation in intercellular crosstalk. Notably, specific transcription factors such as HNF4A, PPARA, and STAT3 showed strong correlations with mitophagy-related genes in PTC, indicating their potential role in modulating PTC function and influencing the onset and progression of HTN. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of mitophagy in HTN, enhancing our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of HTN.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luda Feng
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziming Yan
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Manrui Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Qin
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Cheng CJ, Nizar JM, Dai DF, Huang CL. Transport activity regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis in renal tubules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.04.578838. [PMID: 38370657 PMCID: PMC10871199 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.04.578838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Renal tubules are featured with copious mitochondria and robust transport activity. Mutations in mitochondrial genes cause congenital renal tubulopathies, and changes in transport activity affect mitochondrial morphology, suggesting mitochondrial function and transport activity are tightly coupled. Current methods of using bulk kidney tissues or cultured cells to study mitochondrial bioenergetics are limited. Here, we optimized an extracellular flux analysis (EFA) to study mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism using microdissected mouse renal tubule segments. EFA detects mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis by measuring oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates, respectively. We show that both measurements positively correlate with sample sizes of a few centimeter-length renal tubules. The thick ascending limbs (TALs) and distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) predominantly utilize glucose/pyruvate as energy substrates, whereas proximal tubules (PTs) are significantly much less so. Acute inhibition of TALs' transport activity by ouabain treatment reduces basal and ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration. Chronic inhibition of transport activity by 2-week furosemide treatment or deletion of with-no-lysine kinase 4 (Wnk4) decreases maximal mitochondrial capacity. In addition, chronic inhibition downregulates mitochondrial DNA mass and mitochondrial length/density in TALs and DCTs. Conversely, gain-of-function Wnk4 mutation increases maximal mitochondrial capacity and mitochondrial length/density without increasing mitochondrial DNA mass. In conclusion, EFA is a sensitive and reliable method to investigate mitochondrial functions in isolated renal tubules. Transport activity tightly regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis to meet the energy demand in renal tubules. The system allows future investigation into whether and how mitochondria contribute to tubular remodeling adapted to changes in transport activity. Key points A positive correlation between salt reabsorption and oxygen consumption in mammalian kidneys hints at a potential interaction between transport activity and mitochondrial respiration in renal tubules.Renal tubules are heterogeneous in transport activity and mitochondrial metabolism, and traditional assays using bulk kidney tissues cannot provide segment-specific information.Here, we applied an extracellular flux analysis to investigate mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism in isolated renal tubules. This assay is sensitive in detecting oxygen consumption and acid production in centimeter-length renal tubules and reliably recapitulates segment-specific metabolic features.Acute inhibition of transport activity reduces basal and ATP-linked mitochondrial respirations without changing maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Chronic alterations of transport activity further adjust maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity via regulating mitochondrial biogenesis or non-transcriptional mechanisms.Our findings support the concept that renal tubular cells finely adjust mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis to match the new steady state of transport activity.
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14
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Wang T, Shen W, Li L, Wang H, Zhang M, Chen X. Comparison of preparation methods of rat kidney single-cell suspensions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2785. [PMID: 38307992 PMCID: PMC10837120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Preparation of kidney tissue single-cell suspensions is the basis of single-cell sequencing, flow cytometry and primary cell culture, but it is difficult to prepare high quality whole kidney single-cell suspensions because of the complex structure of the kidney. We explored a technique called stepwise enzymatic digestion (StE) method for preparing a single-cell suspension of rat whole kidney tissue which contained three main steps. The first step is to cut the kidney into a homogenate. The second step is the digestion of renal tubules using Multi Tissue Dissociation Kit 2 and the last step is the digestion of glomeruli using type IV collagenase. We also compared it with two previous techniques, mechanical grinding method and simple enzymatic digestion method. The StE method had the advantages of high intrinsic glomerular cells and immune cells harvest rate, high singlets rate and high cell viability compared with the other two techniques. In conclusion, the StE method is feasible, highly efficient, and worthy of further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Military Logistics Research Key Laboratory of Field Disease Treatment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wanjun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Military Logistics Research Key Laboratory of Field Disease Treatment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Military Logistics Research Key Laboratory of Field Disease Treatment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Military Logistics Research Key Laboratory of Field Disease Treatment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Military Logistics Research Key Laboratory of Field Disease Treatment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Military Logistics Research Key Laboratory of Field Disease Treatment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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15
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Carlström M, Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho L, Guimaraes D, Boeder A, Schiffer TA. Dimethyl malonate preserves renal and mitochondrial functions following ischemia-reperfusion via inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102984. [PMID: 38061207 PMCID: PMC10749277 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI), often experienced at the intensive care units, is associated with high morbidity/mortality where ischemia-reperfusion injury is a main causative factor. Succinate accumulation during ischemia contributes to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species at reperfusion. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase has been associated with protective outcome in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion after 24h, but the effects on kidney and mitochondrial functions are less well studied. AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition, by using dimethyl malonate (DMM), on kidney and mitochondria functions in a mouse model of AKI. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with DMM or placebo, i.p. 30min prior to bilateral renal ischemia (20min). After 3-days of reperfusion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated from plasma clearance of FITC-inulin. Kidney mitochondria was isolated and mass specific and intrinsic mitochondrial function were evaluated by high resolution respirometry. Kidney sections were stained (i.e., hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL) and analyzed for histopathological evaluation of injuries and apotosis, respectively. NADPH oxidase activity in kidney and human proximal tubular cell-line (HK2) were measured luminometrically. RESULTS DMM treatment improved GFR (p < 0.05) and reduced levels of blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) compared to untreated animals, which was associated with lower degree of ischemia-reperfusion-induced tubular injuries (P < 0.001) and apoptosis (P < 0.01). These therapeutic renal effects were linked with improved mitochondrial function, both mass-specific and intrinsic. Finally, DMM treatment prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced NADPH oxidase activity in the kidney (p < 0.001), which was showed also in HK2 cells exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase with DMM, in conjunction with the ischemia-reperfusion phase, significantly improved both renal and mitochondrial functions. These findings may have clinical implications for future therapeutic strategies to prevent development of AKI and associated adverse complications, especially in high risk hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Drielle Guimaraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ariela Boeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Melica ME, Cialdai F, La Regina G, Risaliti C, Dafichi T, Peired AJ, Romagnani P, Monici M, Lasagni L. Modeled microgravity unravels the roles of mechanical forces in renal progenitor cell physiology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:20. [PMID: 38233961 PMCID: PMC10795253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glomerulus is a highly complex system, composed of different interdependent cell types that are subjected to various mechanical stimuli. These stimuli regulate multiple cellular functions, and changes in these functions may contribute to tissue damage and disease progression. To date, our understanding of the mechanobiology of glomerular cells is limited, with most research focused on the adaptive response of podocytes. However, it is crucial to recognize the interdependence between podocytes and parietal epithelial cells, in particular with the progenitor subset, as it plays a critical role in various manifestations of glomerular diseases. This highlights the necessity to implement the analysis of the effects of mechanical stress on renal progenitor cells. METHODS Microgravity, modeled by Rotary Cell Culture System, has been employed as a system to investigate how renal progenitor cells respond to alterations in the mechanical cues within their microenvironment. Changes in cell phenotype, cytoskeleton organization, cell proliferation, cell adhesion and cell capacity for differentiation into podocytes were analyzed. RESULTS In modeled microgravity conditions, renal progenitor cells showed altered cytoskeleton and focal adhesion organization associated with a reduction in cell proliferation, cell adhesion and spreading capacity. Moreover, mechanical forces appeared to be essential for renal progenitor differentiation into podocytes. Indeed, when renal progenitors were exposed to a differentiative agent in modeled microgravity conditions, it impaired the acquisition of a complex podocyte-like F-actin cytoskeleton and the expression of specific podocyte markers, such as nephrin and nestin. Importantly, the stabilization of the cytoskeleton with a calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporine A, rescued the differentiation of renal progenitor cells into podocytes in modeled microgravity conditions. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the organization of the renal progenitor cytoskeleton due to unloading conditions negatively affect the regenerative capacity of these cells. These findings strengthen the concept that changes in mechanical cues can initiate a pathophysiological process in the glomerulus, not only altering podocyte actin cytoskeleton, but also extending the detrimental effect to the renal progenitor population. This underscores the significance of the cytoskeleton as a druggable target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Gilda La Regina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Risaliti
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Dafichi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Julie Peired
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
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17
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Gordon WE, Baek S, Nguyen HP, Kuo YM, Bradley R, Fong SL, Kim N, Galazyuk A, Lee I, Ingala MR, Simmons NB, Schountz T, Cooper LN, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Hemberg M, Ahituv N. Integrative single-cell characterization of a frugivorous and an insectivorous bat kidney and pancreas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38195585 PMCID: PMC10776631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we use integrative single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq) on insectivorous (Eptesicus fuscus; big brown bat) and frugivorous (Artibeus jamaicensis; Jamaican fruit bat) bat kidneys and pancreases and identify key cell population, gene expression and regulatory differences associated with the Jamaican fruit bat that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We find a decrease in loop of Henle and an increase in collecting duct cells, and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the Jamaican fruit bat kidney. The Jamaican fruit bat pancreas shows an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells, and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. We also find that these frugivorous bats share several molecular characteristics with human diabetes. Combined, our work provides insights from a frugivorous mammal that could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei E Gordon
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Biology, Menlo College, 1000 El Camino Real, Atherton, CA, 94027, USA
| | - Seungbyn Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yien-Ming Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rachael Bradley
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Sarah L Fong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Galazyuk
- Hearing Research Focus Area, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Melissa R Ingala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Tony Schountz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Lisa Noelle Cooper
- Musculoskeletal Research Focus Area, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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18
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Sourris KC, Ding Y, Maxwell SS, Al-Sharea A, Kantharidis P, Mohan M, Rosado CJ, Penfold SA, Haase C, Xu Y, Forbes JM, Crawford S, Ramm G, Harcourt BE, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Advani A, Murphy AJ, Timmermann DB, Karihaloo A, Knudsen LB, El-Osta A, Drucker DJ, Cooper ME, Coughlan MT. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signaling modifies the extent of diabetic kidney disease through dampening the receptor for advanced glycation end products-induced inflammation. Kidney Int 2024; 105:132-149. [PMID: 38069998 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone produced and released by cells of the gastrointestinal tract following meal ingestion. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) exhibit kidney-protective actions through poorly understood mechanisms. Here we interrogated whether the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a role in mediating the actions of GLP-1 on inflammation and diabetic kidney disease. Mice with deletion of the GLP-1 receptor displayed an abnormal kidney phenotype that was accelerated by diabetes and improved with co-deletion of RAGE in vivo. Activation of the GLP-1 receptor pathway with liraglutide, an anti-diabetic treatment, downregulated kidney RAGE, reduced the expansion of bone marrow myeloid progenitors, promoted M2-like macrophage polarization and lessened markers of kidney damage in diabetic mice. Single cell transcriptomics revealed that liraglutide induced distinct transcriptional changes in kidney endothelial, proximal tubular, podocyte and macrophage cells, which were dominated by pathways involved in nutrient transport and utilization, redox sensing and the resolution of inflammation. The kidney-protective action of liraglutide was corroborated in a non-diabetic model of chronic kidney disease, the subtotal nephrectomised rat. Thus, our findings identify a novel glucose-independent kidney-protective action of GLP-1-based therapies in diabetic kidney disease and provide a valuable resource for exploring the cell-specific kidney transcriptional response ensuing from pharmacological GLP-1R agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly C Sourris
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yi Ding
- Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Diabetes Complications Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Scott S Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annas Al-Sharea
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muthukumar Mohan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlos J Rosado
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Penfold
- Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claus Haase
- Diabetes Complications Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Yangsong Xu
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, the University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Crawford
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke E Harcourt
- Murdoch Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anil Karihaloo
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Li T, Zhou J, Wu H, Gao X, Shen Q, Cheng R, Zhang M. Single-cell transcriptomes of kidneys in a 6-month-old boy with Denys-Drash syndrome reveal stromal cell heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad277. [PMID: 38223339 PMCID: PMC10784922 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare disease characterized with pseudohermaphroditism, nephroblastoma (also known as Wilms tumor), and diffuse mesangial sclerosis. The therapy for DDS is largely supportive, i.e. surgery and chemotherapy for Wilms tumor and renal replacement therapy. Due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis, precision therapy for DDS is yet to be explored. We sought to explore the cellular components and interactions in kidney tissues from an infant with DDS. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed to examine the mutations associated with DDS. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to explore the heterogenicity of kidney tissue samples. Results A 6-month-old infant with bilateral Wilms tumors and genital ambiguity was diagnosed as having DDS. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo mutation (p.F185fs*118) in exon 1 of WT1. scRNA-seq was performed in tissue samples from bilateral Wilms tumors and the normal kidney from this infant. Fibroblasts, myocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) ranked at the top of the 31 135 total cells. Fibroblasts and myocytes were dominant in the Wilms tumor samples. In contrast, most epithelial cells and endothelial cells were found in normal kidney tissues. CD44 and TUBA1A were significantly changed in myocyte subclusters, which may contribute to chemotherapy drug resistance. Macrophages intensively interacted with cancerous cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and myocytes. Conclusions A novel mutation (p.F185fs*118) in exon 1 of WT1 was identified in an infant with DDS. scRNA-Seq revealed the heterogenicity of cellular components in Wilms tumors and kidney tissues, shedding light on the pathogenesis of DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Zhou
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiucheng Gao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyang Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of antibody technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Garmaa G, Manzéger A, Haghighi S, Kökény G. HK-2 cell response to TGF-β highly depends on cell culture medium formulations. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:69-79. [PMID: 37752256 PMCID: PMC10794419 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The immortalized human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 is most commonly used to study renal cell physiology and human kidney diseases with tubulointerstitial fibrosis such as diabetic nephropathy, obstructive uropathy or allograft fibrosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main pathological process of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in vitro. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key inducer of EMT. Several pro-fibrotic gene expression differences have been observed in a TGF-β-induced EMT model of HK-2 cells. However, growth conditions and medium formulations might greatly impact these differences. We investigated gene and protein expression of HK-2 cells cultured in six medium formulations. TGF-β1 increased the expression of ACTA2, TGFB1, COL4A1, EGR2, VIM and CTGF genes while reducing PPARG in all medium formulations. Interestingly, TGF-β1 treatment either increased or decreased EGR1, FN, IL6 and C3 gene expression, depending on medium formulations. The cell morphology was slightly affected, but immunoblots revealed TGFB1 and vimentin protein overexpression in all media. However, fibronectin expression as well as the nuclear translocation of EGR1 was medium dependent. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that, using the HK-2 in vitro model of EMT, the meticulous selection of appropriate cell culture medium formulation is essential to achieve reliable scientific results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Garmaa
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Anna Manzéger
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Samaneh Haghighi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
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21
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Moellmann J, Krueger K, Wong DWL, Klinkhammer BM, Buhl EM, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Noels H, Jankowski J, Lebherz C, Boor P, Marx N, Lehrke M. 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine-induced nephropathy causes hexosylceramide accumulation with increased mTOR signaling, reduced levels of protective SirT3 expression and impaired renal mitochondrial function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166825. [PMID: 37536502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by increased cardiovascular risk and heart failure (HF). In rodents, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA)-induced nephropathy is a frequently used CKD model. Cardiac and kidney tubular cells share high energy demand to guarantee constant contractive force of the heart or reabsorption/secretion of primary filtrated molecules and waste products by the kidney. Here we analyze time-dependent mechanisms of kidney damage and cardiac consequences under consideration of energetic pathways with the focus on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS CKD was induced by alternating dietary adenine supplementation (0.2 % or 0.05 % of adenine) in C57BL/6J mice for 9 weeks. Progressive kidney damage led to reduced creatinine clearance, kidney fibrosis and renal inflammation after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. No difference in cardiac function, mitochondrial respiration nor left ventricular fibrosis was observed at any time point. Investigating mechanisms of renal damage, protective SirT3 was decreased in CKD, which contrasted an increase in protein kinase B (AKT) expression, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) downstream signaling, induction of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This occurred together with impaired renal mitochondrial function and accumulation of hexosylceramides (HexCer) as an established mediator of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS 2,8-DHA-induced CKD results in renal activation of the mTOR downstream signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tubular injury, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and impaired kidney mitochondrial function in conjunction with renal hexosylceramide accumulation in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moellmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Krueger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dickson W L Wong
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Barbara M Klinkhammer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva M Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinna Lebherz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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22
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Yu P, Zhu H, Bosholm CC, Beiner D, Duan Z, Shetty AK, Mou SS, Kramer PA, Barroso LF, Liu H, Cheng K, Ihnat M, Gorris MA, Aloi JA, Woldemichael JA, Bleyer A, Zhang Y. Precision nephrotoxicity testing using 3D in vitro models. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:231. [PMID: 38129901 PMCID: PMC10740310 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a significant concern during the development of new drugs or when assessing the safety of chemicals in consumer products. Traditional methods for testing nephrotoxicity involve animal models or 2D in vitro cell cultures, the latter of which lack the complexity and functionality of the human kidney. 3D in vitro models are created by culturing human primary kidney cells derived from urine in a 3D microenvironment that mimics the fluid shear stresses of the kidney. Thus, 3D in vitro models provide more accurate and reliable predictions of human nephrotoxicity compared to existing 2D models. In this review, we focus on precision nephrotoxicity testing using 3D in vitro models with human autologous urine-derived kidney cells as a promising approach for evaluating drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- The Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainan Zhu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol Christine Bosholm
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniella Beiner
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhongping Duan
- The Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Avinash K Shetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steve S Mou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Philip Adam Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Luis F Barroso
- Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and The Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Michael Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthew A Gorris
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Aloi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jobira A Woldemichael
- Division of Nephrology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Bleyer
- Division of Nephrology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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23
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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R, Hasan S, Hamza MB. Renal calcification in children with renal tubular acidosis: What a paediatrician should know. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:295-309. [PMID: 38178934 PMCID: PMC10762599 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) can lead to renal calcification in children, which can cause various complications and impair renal function. This review provides pediatricians with a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between RTA and renal calcification, highlighting essential aspects for clinical management. The article analyzed relevant studies to explore the prevalence, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications of renal calcification in children with RTA. Results show that distal RTA (type 1) is particularly associated with nephrocalcinosis, which presents a higher risk of renal calcification. However, there are limitations to the existing literature, including a small number of studies, heterogeneity in methodologies, and potential publication bias. Longitudinal data and control groups are also lacking, which limits our understanding of long-term outcomes and optimal management strategies for children with RTA and renal calcification. Pediatricians play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and management of RTA to mitigate the risk of renal calcification and associated complications. In addition, alkaline therapy remains a cornerstone in the treatment of RTA, aimed at correcting the acid-base imbalance and reducing the formation of kidney stones. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions are paramount in preventing and managing renal calcification to preserve renal function and improve long-term outcomes for affected children. Further research with larger sample sizes and rigorous methodologies is needed to optimize the clinical approach to renal calcification in the context of RTA in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama, Bahrain, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 12, Manama, Bahrain
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Chest Disease, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busiateen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Samir Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Basiony Hamza
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt
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24
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Huynh NV, Rehage C, Hyndman KA. Mild dehydration effects on the murine kidney single-nucleus transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F717-F732. [PMID: 37767569 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00161.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily, we may experience mild dehydration with a rise in plasma osmolality that triggers the release of vasopressin. Although the effect of dehydration is well characterized in collecting duct principal cells (CDPCs), we hypothesized that mild dehydration (<12 h) results in many kidney cell-specific changes in transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility. Single-nucleus (sn) multiome (RNA-assay for transposase-accessible chromatin) sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing of kidneys from male and female mice that were mildly water deprived or not were compared. Water-deprived mice had a significant increase in plasma osmolality. sn-multiome-seq resulted in 19,837 nuclei that were annotated into 33 clusters. In CDPCs, aquaporin 2 (Aqp2) and aquaporin 3 (Apq3) were greater in dehydrated mice, but there were novel genes like gremlin 2 (Grem2; a cytokine) that were increased compared with ad libitum mice. The transcription factor cAMP-responsive element modulator (Crem) was greater in CDPCs of dehydrated mice, and the Crem DNA motif was more accessible. There were hundreds of sex- and dehydration-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) throughout the kidney, especially in the proximal tubules and thin limbs. In male mice, DEGs were enriched in pathways related to lipid metabolism, whereas female DEGs were enriched in organic acid metabolism. Many highly expressed genes had a positive correlation with increased chromatin accessibility, and mild dehydration exerted many transcriptional changes that we detected at the chromatin level. Even with a rise in plasma osmolality, male and female kidneys have distinct transcriptomes suggesting that there may be diverse mechanisms used to remain in fluid balance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The kidney consists of >30 cell types that work collectively to maintain fluid-electrolyte balance. Kidney single-nucleus transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility profiles from male and female control (ad libitum water and food) or mildly dehydrated mice (ad libitum food, water deprivation) were determined. Mild dehydration caused hundreds of cell- and sex-specific transcriptomic changes, even though the kidney function to conserve water was the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nha Van Huynh
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Cassidy Rehage
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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25
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Kirchner VA, Badshah JS, Kyun Hong S, Martinez O, Pruett TL, Niedernhofer LJ. Effect of Cellular Senescence in Disease Progression and Transplantation: Immune Cells and Solid Organs. Transplantation 2023:00007890-990000000-00593. [PMID: 37953486 PMCID: PMC11089077 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging of the world population significantly impacts healthcare globally and specifically, the field of transplantation. Together with end-organ dysfunction and prolonged immunosuppression, age increases the frequency of comorbid chronic diseases in transplant candidates and recipients, contributing to inferior outcomes. Although the frequency of death increases with age, limited use of organs from older deceased donors reflects the concerns about organ durability and inadequate function. Cellular senescence (CS) is a hallmark of aging, which occurs in response to a myriad of cellular stressors, leading to activation of signaling cascades that stably arrest cell cycle progression to prevent tumorigenesis. In aging and chronic conditions, senescent cells accumulate as the immune system's ability to clear them wanes, which is causally implicated in the progression of chronic diseases, immune dysfunction, organ damage, decreased regenerative capacity, and aging itself. The intimate interplay between senescent cells, their proinflammatory secretome, and immune cells results in a positive feedback loop, propagating chronic sterile inflammation and the spread of CS. Hence, senescent cells in organs from older donors trigger the recipient's alloimmune response, resulting in the increased risk of graft loss. Eliminating senescent cells or attenuating their inflammatory phenotype is a novel, potential therapeutic target to improve transplant outcomes and expand utilization of organs from older donors. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the impact of CS on circulating immune cells in the context of organ damage and disease progression, discusses the impact of CS on abdominal solid organs that are commonly transplanted, and reviews emerging therapies that target CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara A. Kirchner
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joshua S. Badshah
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Suk Kyun Hong
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Olivia Martinez
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Timothy L. Pruett
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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26
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Chevalier RL. Why is chronic kidney disease progressive? Evolutionary adaptations and maladaptations. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F595-F617. [PMID: 37675460 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in renal physiology, the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to increase. The emergence of multicellular organisms gave rise to increasing complexity of life resulting in trade-offs reflecting ancestral adaptations to changing environments. Three evolutionary traits shape CKD over the lifespan: 1) variation in nephron number at birth, 2) progressive nephron loss with aging, and 3) adaptive kidney growth in response to decreased nephron number. Although providing plasticity in adaptation to changing environments, the cell cycle must function within constraints dictated by available energy. Prioritized allocation of energy available through the placenta can restrict fetal nephrogenesis, a risk factor for CKD. Moreover, nephron loss with aging is a consequence of cell senescence, a pathway accelerated by adaptive nephron hypertrophy that maintains metabolic homeostasis at the expense of increased vulnerability to stressors. Driven by reproductive fitness, natural selection operates in early life but diminishes thereafter, leading to an exponential increase in CKD with aging, a product of antagonistic pleiotropy. A deeper understanding of the evolutionary constraints on the cell cycle may lead to manipulation of the balance between progenitor cell renewal and differentiation, regulation of cell senescence, and modulation of the balance between cell proliferation and hypertrophy. Application of an evolutionary perspective may enhance understanding of adaptation and maladaptation by nephrons in the progression of CKD, leading to new therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Chevalier
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Zhou J, Abedini A, Balzer MS, Shrestha R, Dhillon P, Liu H, Hu H, Susztak K. Unified Mouse and Human Kidney Single-Cell Expression Atlas Reveal Commonalities and Differences in Disease States. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1843-1862. [PMID: 37639336 PMCID: PMC10631616 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mouse models have been widely used to understand kidney disease pathomechanisms and play an important role in drug discovery. However, these models have not been systematically analyzed and compared. The authors characterized 18 different mouse kidney disease models at both bulk and single-cell gene expression levels and compared single-cell gene expression data from diabetic kidney disease (DKD) mice and from patients with DKD. Although single cell-level gene expression changes were mostly model-specific, different disease models showed similar changes when compared at a pathway level. The authors also found that changes in fractions of cell types are major drivers of bulk gene expression differences. Although the authors found only a small overlap of single cell-level gene expression changes between the mouse DKD model and patients, they observed consistent pathway-level changes. BACKGROUND Mouse models have been widely used to understand kidney disease pathomechanisms and play an important role in drug discovery. However, these models have not been systematically analyzed and compared. METHODS We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data (36 samples) and bulk gene expression data (42 samples) from 18 commonly used mouse kidney disease models. We compared single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from a mouse diabetic kidney disease model with data from patients with diabetic kidney disease and healthy controls. RESULTS We generated a uniformly processed mouse single-cell atlas containing information for nearly 300,000 cells, identifying all major kidney cell types and states. Our analysis revealed that changes in fractions of cell types are major drivers of differences in bulk gene expression. Although gene expression changes at the single-cell level were mostly model-specific, different disease models showed similar changes when compared at a pathway level. Tensor decomposition analysis highlighted the important changes in proximal tubule cells in disease states. Specifically, we identified important alterations in expression of metabolic and inflammation-associated pathways. The mouse diabetic kidney disease model and patients with diabetic kidney disease shared only a small number of conserved cell type-specific differentially expressed genes, but we observed pathway-level activation patterns conserved between mouse and human diabetic kidney disease samples. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive mouse kidney single-cell atlas and defines gene expression commonalities and differences in disease states in mice. The results highlight the key role of cell heterogeneity in driving changes in bulk gene expression and the limited overlap of single-cell gene expression changes between animal models and patients, but they also reveal consistent pathway-level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu Zhou
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amin Abedini
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S. Balzer
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rojesh Shrestha
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Poonam Dhillon
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hailong Hu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Kidney Innovation Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sakolish C, Moyer HL, Tsai HHD, Ford LC, Dickey AN, Wright FA, Han G, Bajaj P, Baltazar MT, Carmichael PL, Stanko JP, Ferguson SS, Rusyn I. Analysis of reproducibility and robustness of a renal proximal tubule microphysiological system OrganoPlate 3-lane 40 for in vitro studies of drug transport and toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:52-70. [PMID: 37555834 PMCID: PMC10613961 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems are an emerging area of in vitro drug development, and their independent evaluation is important for wide adoption and use. The primary goal of this study was to test reproducibility and robustness of a renal proximal tubule microphysiological system, OrganoPlate 3-lane 40, as an in vitro model for drug transport and toxicity studies. This microfluidic model was compared with static multiwell cultures and tested using several human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell (RPTEC) types. The model was characterized in terms of the functional transport for various tubule-specific proteins, epithelial permeability of small molecules (cisplatin, tenofovir, and perfluorooctanoic acid) versus large molecules (fluorescent dextrans, 60-150 kDa), and gene expression response to a nephrotoxic xenobiotic. The advantages offered by OrganoPlate 3-lane 40 as compared with multiwell cultures are the presence of media flow, albeit intermittent, and increased throughput compared with other microfluidic models. However, OrganoPlate 3-lane 40 model appeared to offer only limited (eg, MRP-mediated transport) advantages in terms of either gene expression or functional transport when compared with the multiwell plate culture conditions. Although OrganoPlate 3-lane 40 can be used to study cellular uptake and direct toxic effects of small molecules, it may have limited utility for drug transport studies. Overall, this study offers refined experimental protocols and comprehensive comparative data on the function of RPETCs in traditional multiwell culture and microfluidic OrganoPlate 3-lane 40, information that will be invaluable for the prospective end-users of in vitro models of the human proximal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Haley L Moyer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Han-Hsuan D Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Lucie C Ford
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Allison N Dickey
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Piyush Bajaj
- Global Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Maria T Baltazar
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Jason P Stanko
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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29
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Fang K, Müller S, Ueda M, Nakagawa Y, S Furukawa K, Ushida T, Ikoma T, Ito Y. Cyclic stretch modulates the cell morphology transition under geometrical confinement by covalently immobilized gelatin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9155-9162. [PMID: 37455606 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00421j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts geometrically confined by photo-immobilized gelatin micropatterns were subjected to cyclic stretch on the silicone elastomer. By using covalently micropatterned surfaces, the cell morphologies such as cell area and length were quantitatively investigated under a cyclic stretch for 20 hours. The mechanical forces did not affect the cell growth but significantly altered the cellular morphology on both non-patterned and micropatterned surfaces. It was found that cells on non-patterns showed increasing cell length and decreasing cell area under the stretch. The width of the strip micropatterns provided a different extent of contact guidance for fibroblasts. The highly extended cells on the 10 μm pattern under static conditions would perform a contraction behavior once treated by cyclic stretch. In contrast, cells with a low extension on the 2 μm pattern kept elongating according to the micropattern under the cyclic stretch. The vertical stretch induced an increase in cell area and length more than the parallel stretch in both the 10 μm and 2 μm patterns. These results provided new insights into cell behaviors under geometrical confinement in a dynamic biomechanical environment and may guide biomaterial design for tissue engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fang
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Stefan Müller
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoki Ueda
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuko S Furukawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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30
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Pohl L, Schiessl IM. Endothelial cell plasticity in kidney fibrosis and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14038. [PMID: 37661749 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal endothelial cells demonstrate an impressive remodeling potential during angiogenic sprouting, vessel repair or while transitioning into mesenchymal cells. These different processes may play important roles in both renal disease progression or regeneration while underlying signaling pathways of different endothelial cell plasticity routes partly overlap. Angiogenesis contributes to wound healing after kidney injury and pharmaceutical modulation of angiogenesis may home a great therapeutic potential. Yet, it is not clear whether any differentiated endothelial cell can proliferate or whether regenerative processes are largely controlled by resident or circulating endothelial progenitor cells. In the glomerular compartment for example, a distinct endothelial progenitor cell population may remodel the glomerular endothelium after injury. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the kidney is vastly documented and often associated with endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, and kidney disease progression. Especially the role of EndoMT in renal fibrosis is controversial. Studies on EndoMT in vivo determined possible conclusions on the pathophysiological role of EndoMT in the kidney, but whether endothelial cells really contribute to kidney fibrosis and if not what other cellular and functional outcomes derive from EndoMT in kidney disease is unclear. Sequencing data, however, suggest no participation of endothelial cells in extracellular matrix deposition. Thus, more in-depth classification of cellular markers and the fate of EndoMT cells in the kidney is needed. In this review, we describe different signaling pathways of endothelial plasticity, outline methodological approaches and evidence for functional and structural implications of angiogenesis and EndoMT in the kidney, and eventually discuss controversial aspects in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Pohl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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31
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Geng R, Fang J, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Chronic exposure to UVB induces nephritis and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice based on the integration of renal transcriptome profiles and 16S rRNA sequencing data. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122035. [PMID: 37343920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is a common and abundant environmental factor that affects daily life. Although the effects of UV radiation on the skin have been extensively reported, studies on the influence of UV radiation on internal organs are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of UVB exposure on the kidney of mice and to investigate the possible mechanism. In the present study, histopathology changes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response were used to evaluate the kidney and colon injury induced by UVB exposure. The results showed that the 14-week chronic skin exposure to UVB triggers a kidney injury response characterized by macrophage infiltration, elevated oxidative stress as well as inflammatory and injury markers. The RNA sequencing demonstrated that chronic UVB exposure could alter the kidney transcriptomic profile distinguished by the regulation of genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Besides, chronic UVB exposure also resulted in gut dysbiosis, manifested as colon macrophage infiltration, stimulated inflammatory responses, impaired barrier integrity, and microbiota structural and functional disorders. The Spearman analysis results further revealed a strong correlation between gut microbiota and kidney injury. In conclusion, skin chronic exposure to UVB causes nephritis and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice, and these findings provide new insight into the underlying risks of chronic UVB exposure to human wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muangun 58554, South Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms (Food), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms (Food), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.
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32
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Shi M, Wang Y, Zhang H, Ling Z, Chen X, Wang C, Liu J, Ma Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows the immune cell landscape in the kidneys of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203062. [PMID: 37731504 PMCID: PMC10507359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a leading pathological type of the adult primary nephrotic syndrome. Some patients develop end-stage renal disease due to poor response to treatment with steroid and immunosuppressive agents. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of IMN, we collected renal tissue samples from IMN patients and healthy controls and performed analysis by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A total of 11 kidney cell clusters were identified, including multiple myeloid cell clusters, NK/T cell clusters, and B cell clusters. Most kidney parenchymal and immune cells were enriched in the regulation of immune response, inflammation, fibrosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The macrophage population in the IMN group showed a highly activated profile with up-regulated genes related to chemotaxis, inflammation, phagocytosis and fibrosis. CD8+ T cells continued to be cytotoxic in IMN; however, a transition to "inflammageing" GZMK+ CD8+ T cells was observed. The proportion of activated B cells in renal tissues of IMN patients was much higher than that of normal controls, indicating that B cells in IMN might be activated by constant antigenic stimulation. Moreover, the cell-cell interaction analysis revealed the potential communication between renal glomerular cells and immune cells in IMN. Overall, scRNA-seq was applied to IMN to unravel the characteristics of immune cells and elucidate possible underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zicheng Ling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weiting Community Health Center of Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
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33
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Baek J, Lee YH, Jeong HY, Lee SY. Mitochondrial quality control and its emerging role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:546-560. [PMID: 37448292 PMCID: PMC10565453 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells have mitochondrial networks that can change in shape, distribution, and size depending on cellular metabolic demands and environments. Mitochondrial quality control is critical for various mitochondrial functions including energy production, redox homeostasis, intracellular calcium handling, cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. Quality control mechanisms within mitochondria consist of antioxidant defenses, protein quality control, DNA damage repair systems, mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Defects in mitochondrial quality control and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis are common characteristics of various kidney cell types under hyperglycemic conditions. Such defects contribute to diabetes-induced pathologies in renal tubular cells, podocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells. In this review, we focus on the roles of mitochondrial quality control in diabetic kidney disease pathogenesis and discuss current research evidence and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Baek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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34
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Yang W, Xu M, Xu S, Guan Q, Geng S, Wang J, Wei W, Xu H, Liu Y, Meng Y, Gao MQ. Single-cell RNA reveals a tumorigenic microenvironment in the interface zone of human breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:100. [PMID: 37644609 PMCID: PMC10463980 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interface zone, area around invasive carcinoma, can be thought of as the actual tissue of the tumor microenvironment with precedent alterations for tumor invasion. However, the heterogeneity and characteristics of the microenvironment in the interface area have not yet been thoroughly explored. METHODS For in vitro studies, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to characterize the cells from the tumor zone, the normal zone and the interface zone with 5-mm-wide belts between the tumor invasion front and the normal zone. Through scRNA-seq data analysis, we compared the cell types and their transcriptional characteristics in the different zones. Pseudotime, cell-cell communication and pathway analysis were performed to characterize the zone-specific microenvironment. Cell proliferation, wound healing and clone formation experiments explored the function of differentially expressed gene BMPR1B, which were confirmed by tumor models in vivo. RESULTS After screening, 88,548 high-quality cells were obtained and identified. Regulatory T cells, M2 macrophages, angiogenesis-related mast cells, stem cells with weak DNA repair ability, endothelial cells with angiogenic activity, fibroblasts with collagen synthesis and epithelial cells with proliferative activity form a unique tumorigenic microenvironment in the interface zone. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed that there are special ligand-receptor pairs between different cell types in the interface zone, which protects endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes epithelial cell proliferation and migration, compared to the normal zone. Compared with the normal zone, the highly expressed BMPR1B gene promotes the tumorigenic ability of cancer cells in the interface zone. CONCLUSIONS Our work identified a unique tumorigenic microenvironment of the interface zone and allowed for deeper insights into the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer that will serve as a helpful resource for advancing breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiyu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuoqi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingxian Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuaiming Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Meng
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Qing Gao
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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35
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Naito S, Nakayama K, Kawashima N. Enhanced Levels of Glycosphingolipid GM3 Delay the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11355. [PMID: 37511118 PMCID: PMC10379152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently found that albuminuria levels in patients with minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) inversely correlate with glycosphingolipid GM3 expression levels in glomerular podocytes. Moreover, we showed enhanced expression of GM3 via activation of the GM3 synthase gene upon administration of valproic acid (VPA) is effective in suppressing albuminuria and podocyte injury in mice with anti-nephrin antibody-induced podocytopathy. However, the therapeutic effect of GM3 on diabetic nephropathy, which is the most common underlying disease in patients undergoing dialysis and with podocyte injury, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of enhanced GM3 expression via VPA on podocyte injury using streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy model mice. Administration of VPA clearly decreased levels of albuminuria and glomerular lesions and inhibited the loss of podocytes and expansion in the mesangial area. Furthermore, we found that albuminuria levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy inversely correlate with the expression of GM3 in podocytes. These results indicate that maintaining GM3 expression in podocytes by administration of VPA may be effective in treating not only podocyte injury, such as MCD and FSGS, but also the late stage of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokichi Naito
- Department of Nephrology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakayama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8560, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nagako Kawashima
- Department of Nephrology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan
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36
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Ajalbert G, Brenna A, Ming XF, Yang Z, Potenza DM. Elevation of Arginase-II in Podocytes Contributes to Age-Associated Albuminuria in Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11228. [PMID: 37446405 PMCID: PMC10342439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the manifestations of renal aging is podocyte dysfunction and loss, which are associated with proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Studies show a male bias in glomerular dysfunction and chronic kidney diseases, and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Recent studies demonstrate the role of an age-associated increase in arginase-II (Arg-II) in proximal tubules of both male and female mice. However, it is unclear whether Arg-II is also involved in aging glomeruli. The current study investigates the role of the sex-specific elevation of Arg-II in podocytes in age-associated increased albuminuria. Young (3-4 months) and old (20-22 months) male and female mice of wt and arginase-II knockout (arg-ii-/-) were used. Albuminuria was employed as a readout of glomerular function. Cellular localization and expression of Arg-II in glomeruli were analyzed using an immunofluorescence confocal microscope. A more pronounced age-associated increase in albuminuria was found in male than in female mice. An age-associated induction of Arg-II in glomeruli and podocytes (as demonstrated by co-localization of Arg-II with the podocyte marker synaptopodin) was also observed in males but not in females. Ablation of the arg-ii gene in mice significantly reduces age-associated albuminuria in males. Also, age-associated decreases in podocyte density and glomerulus hypertrophy are significantly prevented in male arg-ii-/- but not in female mice. However, age-associated glomerulosclerosis is not affected by arg-ii ablation in both sexes. These results demonstrate a role of Arg-II in sex-specific podocyte injury in aging. They may explain the sex-specific differences in the development of renal disease in humans during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhihong Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (G.A.); (A.B.); (X.-F.M.)
| | - Duilio M. Potenza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (G.A.); (A.B.); (X.-F.M.)
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37
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Novella-Rausell C, Grudniewska M, Peters DJ, Mahfouz A. A comprehensive mouse kidney atlas enables rare cell population characterization and robust marker discovery. iScience 2023; 26:106877. [PMID: 37275529 PMCID: PMC10238935 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney's cellular diversity is on par with its physiological intricacy; yet identifying cell populations and their markers remains challenging. Here, we created a comprehensive atlas of the healthy adult mouse kidney (MKA: Mouse Kidney Atlas) by integrating 140.000 cells and nuclei from 59 publicly available single-cell and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing datasets from eight independent studies. To harmonize annotations across datasets, we built a hierarchical model of the cell populations. Our model allows the incorporation of novel cell populations and the refinement of known profiles as more datasets become available. Using MKA and the learned model of cellular hierarchies, we predicted previously missing cell annotations from several studies. The MKA allowed us to identify reproducible markers across studies for poorly understood cell types and transitional states, which we verified using existing data from micro-dissected samples and spatial transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Novella-Rausell
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- GenomeScan, 2333 BZ Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dorien J.M. Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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38
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Firl DJ, Lassiter G, Hirose T, Policastro R, D'Attilio A, Markmann JF, Kawai T, Hall KC. Clinical and molecular correlation defines activity of physiological pathways in life-sustaining kidney xenotransplantation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3022. [PMID: 37311769 PMCID: PMC10264453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine kidney xenotransplantation is accelerating towards clinical translation. However, despite the demonstrated ability of porcine kidneys to remove metabolic waste products, questions remain about their ability to faithfully recapitulate renal endocrine functions after transplantation. Here we analyze xenograft growth and function of two kidney dependent endocrine pathways in seventeen cynomolgus macaques after kidney xenotransplantation from gene edited Yucatan minipigs. Xenograft growth, the renin-angiotensinogen aldosterone-system, and the calcium-vitamin D-parathyroid hormone axis are assessed using clinical chemistries data, renin activity and beta-C-terminal-telopeptide assays, kidney graft RNA-sequencing and serial ultrasonography. We demonstrate that xenografts transplanted from minipigs show only modest growth and do not substantially contribute to recipient RAAS pathway activity. However, parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia are observed, suggesting a need for close monitoring and timely intervention during human testing. Further study of these phenotypes is warranted in designing prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Firl
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- eGenesis Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grace Lassiter
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takayuki Hirose
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ashley D'Attilio
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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39
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Zhao Q, Shao T, Zhu Y, Zong G, Zhang J, Tang S, Lin Y, Ma H, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Wu X, Zhang T. An MRTF-A-ZEB1-IRF9 axis contributes to fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and renal fibrosis. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-00990-6. [PMID: 37121967 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts, characterized by the expression of the matricellular protein periostin (Postn), mediate the profibrogenic response during tissue repair and remodeling. Previous studies have demonstrated that systemic deficiency in myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) attenuates renal fibrosis in mice. In the present study, we investigated the myofibroblast-specific role of MRTF-A in renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. We report that myofibroblast-specific deletion of MRTF-A, achieved through crossbreeding Mrtfa-flox mice with Postn-CreERT2 mice, led to amelioration of renal fibrosis. RNA-seq identified zinc finger E-Box binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1) as a downstream target of MRTF-A in renal fibroblasts. MRTF-A interacts with TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) to bind to the Zeb1 promoter and activate Zeb1 transcription. Zeb1 knockdown retarded the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMyT) in vitro and dampened renal fibrosis in mice. Transcriptomic assays showed that Zeb1 might contribute to FMyT by repressing the transcription of interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9). IRF9 knockdown overcame the effect of Zeb1 depletion and promoted FMyT, whereas IRF9 overexpression antagonized TGF-β-induced FMyT. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel MRTF-A-Zeb1-IRF9 axis that can potentially contribute to fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and renal fibrosis. Screening for small-molecule compounds that target this axis may yield therapeutic options for the mollification of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tinghui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gengjie Zong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shifan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanshan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzhen Ma
- Department of Geriatric Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifan Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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40
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Balzer MS, Pavkovic M, Frederick J, Abedini A, Freyberger A, Vienenkötter J, Mathar I, Siudak K, Eitner F, Sandner P, Grundmann M, Susztak K. Treatment effects of soluble guanylate cyclase modulation on diabetic kidney disease at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100992. [PMID: 37023747 PMCID: PMC10140477 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of renal failure. Therapeutics development is hampered by our incomplete understanding of animal models on a cellular level. We show that ZSF1 rats recapitulate human DKD on a phenotypic and transcriptomic level. Tensor decomposition prioritizes proximal tubule (PT) and stroma as phenotype-relevant cell types exhibiting a continuous lineage relationship. As DKD features endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide depletion, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a promising DKD drug target. sGC expression is specifically enriched in PT and stroma. In ZSF1 rats, pharmacological sGC activation confers considerable benefits over stimulation and is mechanistically related to improved oxidative stress regulation, resulting in enhanced downstream cGMP effects. Finally, we define sGC gene co-expression modules, which allow stratification of human kidney samples by DKD prevalence and disease-relevant measures such as kidney function, proteinuria, and fibrosis, underscoring the relevance of the sGC pathway to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Balzer
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mira Pavkovic
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Frederick
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amin Abedini
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexius Freyberger
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Vienenkötter
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ilka Mathar
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Krystyna Siudak
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Bayer AG, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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41
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Garaycoechea JI, Quinlan C, Luijsterburg MS. Pathological consequences of DNA damage in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:229-243. [PMID: 36702905 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA lesions that evade repair can lead to mutations that drive the development of cancer, and cellular responses to DNA damage can trigger senescence and cell death, which are associated with ageing. In the kidney, DNA damage has been implicated in both acute and chronic kidney injury, and in renal cell carcinoma. The susceptibility of the kidney to chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA is well established, but an unexpected link between kidney ciliopathies and the DNA damage response has also been reported. In addition, human genetic deficiencies in DNA repair have highlighted DNA crosslinks, DNA breaks and transcription-blocking damage as lesions that are particularly toxic to the kidney. Genetic tools in mice, as well as advances in kidney organoid and single-cell RNA sequencing technologies, have provided important insights into how specific kidney cell types respond to DNA damage. The emerging view is that in the kidney, DNA damage affects the local microenvironment by triggering a damage response and cell proliferation to replenish injured cells, as well as inducing systemic responses aimed at reducing exposure to genotoxic stress. The pathological consequences of DNA damage are therefore key to the nephrotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and the kidney phenotypes observed in human DNA repair-deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Catherine Quinlan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Kidney Regeneration, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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42
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Chen QQ, Liu K, Shi N, Ma G, Wang P, Xie HM, Jin SJ, Wei TT, Yu XY, Wang Y, Zhang JY, Li P, Qi LW, Zhang L. Neuraminidase 1 promotes renal fibrosis development in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1713. [PMID: 36973294 PMCID: PMC10043283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of the influenza virus neuraminidase has been well documented but those of the mammalian neuraminidases remain less explored. Here, we characterize the role of neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA)-induced renal fibrosis mouse models. We find that NEU1 is significantly upregulated in the fibrotic kidneys of patients and mice. Functionally, tubular epithelial cell-specific NEU1 knockout inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory cytokines production, and collagen deposition in mice. Conversely, NEU1 overexpression exacerbates progressive renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, NEU1 interacts with TGFβ type I receptor ALK5 at the 160-200aa region and stabilizes ALK5 leading to SMAD2/3 activation. Salvianolic acid B, a component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is found to strongly bind to NEU1 and effectively protect mice from renal fibrosis in a NEU1-dependent manner. Collectively, this study characterizes a promotor role for NEU1 in renal fibrosis and suggests a potential avenue of targeting NEU1 to treat kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ning Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hua-Mei Xie
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Si-Jia Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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43
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Nguyen TK, Petrikas M, Chambers BE, Wingert RA. Principles of Zebrafish Nephron Segment Development. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:jdb11010014. [PMID: 36976103 PMCID: PMC10052950 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrons are the functional units which comprise the kidney. Each nephron contains a number of physiologically unique populations of specialized epithelial cells that are organized into discrete domains known as segments. The principles of nephron segment development have been the subject of many studies in recent years. Understanding the mechanisms of nephrogenesis has enormous potential to expand our knowledge about the basis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), and to contribute to ongoing regenerative medicine efforts aimed at identifying renal repair mechanisms and generating replacement kidney tissue. The study of the zebrafish embryonic kidney, or pronephros, provides many opportunities to identify the genes and signaling pathways that control nephron segment development. Here, we describe recent advances of nephron segment patterning and differentiation in the zebrafish, with a focus on distal segment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Madeline Petrikas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brooke E Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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44
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054914. [PMID: 36902344 PMCID: PMC10003093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle exerting crucial functions in protein production, metabolism homeostasis and cell signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs when cells are damaged and the capacity of this organelle to perform its normal functions is reduced. Subsequently, specific signaling cascades, together forming the so-called unfolded protein response, are activated and deeply impact cell fate. In normal renal cells, these molecular pathways strive to either resolve cell injury or activate cell death, depending on the extent of cell damage. Therefore, the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway was suggested as an interesting therapeutic strategy for pathologies such as cancer. However, renal cancer cells are known to hijack these stress mechanisms and exploit them to their advantage in order to promote their survival through rewiring of their metabolism, activation of oxidative stress responses, autophagy, inhibition of apoptosis and senescence. Recent data strongly suggest that a certain threshold of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation needs to be attained in cancer cells in order to shift endoplasmic reticulum stress responses from a pro-survival to a pro-apoptotic outcome. Several endoplasmic reticulum stress pharmacological modulators of interest for therapeutic purposes are already available, but only a handful were tested in the case of renal carcinoma, and their effects in an in vivo setting remain poorly known. This review discusses the relevance of endoplasmic reticulum stress activation or suppression in renal cancer cell progression and the therapeutic potential of targeting this cellular process for this cancer.
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45
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Drummond BE, Ercanbrack WS, Wingert RA. Modeling Podocyte Ontogeny and Podocytopathies with the Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:jdb11010009. [PMID: 36810461 PMCID: PMC9944608 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are exquisitely fashioned kidney cells that serve an essential role in the process of blood filtration. Congenital malformation or damage to podocytes has dire consequences and initiates a cascade of pathological changes leading to renal disease states known as podocytopathies. In addition, animal models have been integral to discovering the molecular pathways that direct the development of podocytes. In this review, we explore how researchers have used the zebrafish to illuminate new insights about the processes of podocyte ontogeny, model podocytopathies, and create opportunities to discover future therapies.
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46
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Estrogen Signaling Influences Nephron Segmentation of the Zebrafish Embryonic Kidney. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040666. [PMID: 36831333 PMCID: PMC9955091 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. In an effort to identify elusive regulators of nephron segmentation, our lab conducted a high-throughput drug screen using a bioactive chemical library and developing zebrafish, which are a conserved vertebrate model and particularly conducive to large-scale screening approaches. 17β-estradiol (E2), which is the dominant form of estrogen in vertebrates, was a particularly interesting hit from this screen. E2 has been extensively studied in the context of gonad development, but roles for E2 in nephron development were unknown. Here, we report that exogenous estrogen treatments affect distal tubule composition, namely, causing an increase in the distal early segment and a decrease in the neighboring distal late. These changes were noted early in development but were not due to changes in cell dynamics. Interestingly, exposure to the xenoestrogens ethinylestradiol and genistein yielded the same changes in distal segments. Further, upon treatment with an estrogen receptor 2 (Esr2) antagonist, PHTPP, we observed the opposite phenotypes. Similarly, genetic deficiency of the Esr2 analog, esr2b, revealed phenotypes consistent with that of PHTPP treatment. Inhibition of E2 signaling also resulted in decreased expression of essential distal transcription factors, irx3b and its target irx1a. These data suggest that estrogenic compounds are essential for distal segment fate during nephrogenesis in the zebrafish pronephros and expand our fundamental understanding of hormone function during kidney organogenesis.
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47
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Gordon WE, Baek S, Nguyen HP, Kuo YM, Bradley R, Galazyuk A, Lee I, Ingala MR, Simmons NB, Schountz T, Cooper LN, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Hemberg M, Ahituv N. Integrative single-cell characterization of frugivory adaptations in the bat kidney and pancreas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.12.528204. [PMID: 36824791 PMCID: PMC9949079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.12.528204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we used integrative single-cell sequencing on insectivorous and frugivorous bat kidneys and pancreases and identified key cell population, gene expression and regulatory element differences associated with frugivorous adaptation that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We found an increase in collecting duct cells and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the frugivore kidney. In the frugivorous pancreas, we observed an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. Combined, our work provides novel insights into frugivorous adaptation that also could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
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The "3Ds" of Growing Kidney Organoids: Advances in Nephron Development, Disease Modeling, and Drug Screening. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040549. [PMID: 36831216 PMCID: PMC9954122 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A kidney organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregate grown from stem cells in vitro that undergoes self-organization, recapitulating aspects of normal renal development to produce nephron structures that resemble the native kidney organ. These miniature kidney-like structures can also be derived from primary patient cells and thus provide simplified context to observe how mutations in kidney-disease-associated genes affect organogenesis and physiological function. In the past several years, advances in kidney organoid technologies have achieved the formation of renal organoids with enhanced numbers of specialized cell types, less heterogeneity, and more architectural complexity. Microfluidic bioreactor culture devices, single-cell transcriptomics, and bioinformatic analyses have accelerated the development of more sophisticated renal organoids and tailored them to become increasingly amenable to high-throughput experimentation. However, many significant challenges remain in realizing the use of kidney organoids for renal replacement therapies. This review presents an overview of the renal organoid field and selected highlights of recent cutting-edge kidney organoid research with a focus on embryonic development, modeling renal disease, and personalized drug screening.
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Huynh C, Ryu J, Lee J, Inoki A, Inoki K. Nutrient-sensing mTORC1 and AMPK pathways in chronic kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:102-122. [PMID: 36434160 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and lipids are fundamental sources for the maintenance of essential cellular processes and homeostasis in all organisms. The nutrient-sensing kinases mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are expressed in many cell types and have key roles in the control of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and survival, ultimately contributing to the physiological development and functions of various organs, including the kidney. Dysregulation of these kinases leads to many human health problems, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and kidney diseases. In the kidney, physiological levels of mTOR and AMPK activity are required to support kidney cell growth and differentiation and to maintain kidney cell integrity and normal nephron function, including transport of electrolytes, water and glucose. mTOR forms two functional multi-protein kinase complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Hyperactivation of mTORC1 leads to podocyte and tubular cell dysfunction and vulnerability to injury, thereby contributing to the development of chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, obesity-related kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting mTOR and/or AMPK could be an effective therapeutic approach to controlling or preventing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Huynh
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaewhee Ryu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jooho Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayaka Inoki
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ken Inoki
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Sodium Appetite. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030620. [PMID: 36771327 PMCID: PMC9919744 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to first present physiological and ecological aspects of the unique motivational state of sodium appetite, then to focus on systemic physiology and brain mechanisms. I describe how laboratory protocols have been developed to allow the study of sodium appetite under controlled conditions, and focus on two such conditions specifically. The first of these is the presentation a sodium-deficient diet (SDD) for at least one week, and the second is accelerated sodium loss using SDD for 1-2 days coupled with the diuretic furosemide. The modality of consumption is also considered, ranging from a free intake of high concentration of sodium solution, to sodium-rich food or gels, and to operant protocols. I describe the pivotal role of angiotensin and aldosterone in these appetites and discuss whether the intakes or appetite are matched to the physiological need state. Several brain systems have been identified, most recently and microscopically using molecular biological methods. These include clusters in both the hindbrain and the forebrain. Satiation of sodium appetite is often studied using concentrated sodium solutions, but these can be consumed in apparent excess, and I suggest that future studies of satiation might emulate natural conditions in which excess consumption does not occur, using either SDD only as a stimulus, offering a sodium-rich food for the assessment of appetite, or a simple operant task.
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