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Bao Z, Guo Y, Meng X, Shi C, Ouyang B, Qu X, Wang P. Microtubule-associated proteins MAP65-1 and SUN18/IQD26 coordinately regulate tomato fruit shape by affecting cell division. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:629-633. [PMID: 37933687 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins MAP65-1 and SUN18 function additively in fruit shape regulation by modulating cell division patterns but not changing cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ye Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangxu Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Kuo WH, Chu PY, Wang CC, Huang PS, Chan SH. MAP7D3, a novel prognostic marker for triple-negative breast cancer, drives cell invasiveness and cancer-initiating cell properties to promote metastatic progression. Biol Direct 2023; 18:44. [PMID: 37550720 PMCID: PMC10405500 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tend to develop visceral metastasis within five years, making them the most challenging BC patients to treat. The MAP7 protein family is a group of microtubule-binding proteins with a well-known role in microtubule-related cell migration, but its role in metastasis-related properties of TNBC remains unclear. METHODS qRT-PCR and western blot were used to validate mRNA and protein expression of the MAP7 family in the isogenic pairs of TNBC cell lines with low and high metastasis potential. Functional characterization of MAP7D3 was carried out using cell-based and mouse models. The clinical association between MAP7D3 and TNBC was established using datasets in the public domain. RESULTS MAP7D3 expression was consistently upregulated in the metastatic subline IV2 and 468-LN at both mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of MAP7D3 inhibited the 3D colony-forming ability, cell migration, and invasion ability of IV2 and 468-LN, indicating its significant contribution to the metastasis phenotypes. Mechanistically, inhibition of MAP7D3 could significantly increase the sensitivity of metastatic TNBC cells to docetaxel and gemcitabine treatment by reducing the expression of proteins related to breast cancer-initiating cells (BCICs) and drug resistance, as well as suppressing the activity of Rac1. The animal study showed that the depletion of MAP7D3 drastically reduced TNBC tumor growth and impaired the metastatic capability of TNBC cells. Elevated expression of MAP7D3 was found in the metastatic lymph nodes and was significantly associated with advanced stage and higher grade TNBC. Moreover, MAP7D3 expression was significantly correlated with the TNBC population, and its high expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival outcomes of patients with TNBC. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that targeting MAP7D3 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing the progression of TNBC, and MAP7D3 may serve as a novel predictive biomarker for the survival outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Shen Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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3
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Jijumon AS, Bodakuntla S, Genova M, Bangera M, Sackett V, Besse L, Maksut F, Henriot V, Magiera MM, Sirajuddin M, Janke C. Lysate-based pipeline to characterize microtubule-associated proteins uncovers unique microtubule behaviours. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:253-267. [PMID: 35102268 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton forms complex macromolecular assemblies with a range of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that have fundamental roles in cell architecture, division and motility. Determining how an individual MAP modulates microtubule behaviour is an important step in understanding the physiological roles of various microtubule assemblies. To characterize how MAPs control microtubule properties and functions, we developed an approach allowing for medium-throughput analyses of MAPs in cell-free conditions using lysates of mammalian cells. Our pipeline allows for quantitative as well as ultrastructural analyses of microtubule-MAP assemblies. Analysing 45 bona fide and potential mammalian MAPs, we uncovered previously unknown activities that lead to distinct and unique microtubule behaviours such as microtubule coiling or hook formation, or liquid-liquid phase separation along the microtubule lattice that initiates microtubule branching. We have thus established a powerful tool for a thorough characterization of a wide range of MAPs and MAP variants, thus opening avenues for the determination of mechanisms underlying their physiological roles and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Jijumon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Mariya Genova
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Mamata Bangera
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Violet Sackett
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laetitia Besse
- Institut Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Imagerie Multimodale INSERM US43, CNRS UMS2016, Orsay, France
| | - Fatlinda Maksut
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Veronique Henriot
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | | | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
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4
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Hemmat M, Castle BT, Sachs JN, Odde DJ. Multiscale Computational Modeling of Tubulin-Tubulin Lateral Interaction. Biophys J 2019; 117:1234-1249. [PMID: 31493861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are multistranded polymers in eukaryotic cells that support key cellular functions such as chromosome segregation, motor-based cargo transport, and maintenance of cell polarity. Microtubules self-assemble via "dynamic instability," in which the dynamic plus ends switch stochastically between alternating phases of polymerization and depolymerization. A key question in the field is what are the atomistic origins of this switching, i.e., what is different between the GTP- and GDP-tubulin states that enables microtubule growth and shortening, respectively? More generally, a major challenge in biology is how to connect theoretical frameworks across length- and timescales, from atoms to cellular behavior. In this study, we describe a multiscale model by linking atomistic molecular dynamics (MD), molecular Brownian dynamics (BD), and cellular-level thermokinetic modeling of microtubules. Here, we investigated the underlying interaction energy when tubulin dimers associate laterally by performing all-atom MD simulations. We found that the lateral potential energy is not significantly different among three nucleotide states of tubulin, GTP, GDP, and GMPCPP and is estimated to be ≅ -11 kBT. Furthermore, using MD potential energy in our BD simulations of tubulin dimers confirms that the lateral bond is weak on its own, with a mean lifetime of ∼0.1 μs, implying that the longitudinal bond is required for microtubule assembly. We conclude that nucleotide-dependent lateral-bond strength is not the key mediator microtubule dynamic instability, implying that GTP acts elsewhere to exert its stabilizing influence on microtubule polymer. Furthermore, the estimated lateral-bond strength (ΔGlat0≅ -5 kBT) is well-aligned with earlier estimates based on thermokinetic modeling and light microscopy measurements. Thus, we have computationally connected atomistic-level structural information, obtained by cryo-electron microscopy, to cellular-scale microtubule assembly dynamics using a combination of MD, BD, and thermokinetic models to bridge from Ångstroms to micrometers and from femtoseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian T Castle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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5
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Guo C, Williams JC, Polenova T. Conformational Flexibility of p150 Glued(1-191) Subunit of Dynactin Assembled with Microtubules. Biophys J 2019; 117:938-949. [PMID: 31445682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-associated proteins perform diverse functions in cells. These functions are dependent on their interactions with MTs. Dynactin, a cofactor of dynein motor, assists the binding of dynein to various organelles and is crucial to the long-distance processivity of dynein-based complexes. The largest subunit of dynactin, the p150Glued, contains an N-terminus segment that is responsible for the MT-binding interactions and long-range processivity of dynactin. We employed solution and magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy to characterize the structure and dynamics of the p150Glued N-terminal region, both free and in complex with polymerized MTs. This 191-residue region encompasses the cytoskeleton-associated protein glycine-rich domain, the basic domain, and serine/proline-rich (SP-rich) domain. We demonstrate that the basic and SP-rich domains are intrinsically disordered in solution and significantly enhance the binding affinity to MTs as these regions contain the second MT-binding site on the p150Glued subunit. The majority of the basic and SP-rich domains are predicted to be random coil, whereas the segments S111-I116, A124-R132, and K144-T146 in the basic domain contain short α-helical or β-sheet structures. These three segments possibly encompass the MT-binding site. Surprisingly, the protein retains a high degree of flexibility upon binding to MTs except for the regions that are directly involved in the binding interactions with MTs. This conformational flexibility may be essential for the biological functions of the p150Glued subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
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6
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Chaudhary AR, Lu H, Krementsova EB, Bookwalter CS, Trybus KM, Hendricks AG. MAP7 regulates organelle transport by recruiting kinesin-1 to microtubules. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10160-10171. [PMID: 31085585 PMCID: PMC6664170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate microtubule polymerization, dynamics, and organization. In addition, MAPs alter the motility of kinesin and dynein to control trafficking along microtubules. MAP7 (ensconsin, E-MAP-115) is a ubiquitous MAP that organizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in mitosis and neuronal branching. MAP7 also recruits kinesin-1 to microtubules. To understand how the activation of kinesin-1 by MAP7 regulates the motility of organelles transported by ensembles of kinesin and dynein, we isolated organelles and reconstituted their motility in vitro In the absence of MAP7, isolated phagosomes exhibit approximately equal fractions of plus- and minus-end-directed motility along microtubules. MAP7 causes a pronounced shift in motility; phagosomes move toward the plus-end ∼80% of the time, and kinesin teams generate more force. To dissect MAP7-mediated regulation of kinesin-driven transport, we examined its effects on the motility and force generation of single and teams of full-length kinesin-1 motors. We find that MAP7 does not alter the force exerted by a single kinesin-1 motor, but instead increases its binding rate to the microtubule. For ensembles of kinesin, a greater number of kinesin motors are simultaneously engaged and generating force to preferentially target organelles toward the microtubule plus-end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R Chaudhary
- From the Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada and
| | - Hailong Lu
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0075
| | - Elena B Krementsova
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0075
| | - Carol S Bookwalter
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0075
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0075
| | - Adam G Hendricks
- From the Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada and
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7
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Kaminskyj SGW, Heath IB. Studies onSaprolegnia feraxsuggest the general importance of the cytoplasm in determining hyphal morphology. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1996.12026621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan G. W. Kaminskyj
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - I. Brent Heath
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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8
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Hong SR, Wang CL, Huang YS, Chang YC, Chang YC, Pusapati GV, Lin CY, Hsu N, Cheng HC, Chiang YC, Huang WE, Shaner NC, Rohatgi R, Inoue T, Lin YC. Spatiotemporal manipulation of ciliary glutamylation reveals its roles in intraciliary trafficking and Hedgehog signaling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1732. [PMID: 29712905 PMCID: PMC5928066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur spatiotemporally throughout cells and are suggested to be involved in a wide range of cellular activities. However, the complexity and dynamic distribution of tubulin PTMs within cells have hindered the understanding of their physiological roles in specific subcellular compartments. Here, we develop a method to rapidly deplete tubulin glutamylation inside the primary cilia, a microtubule-based sensory organelle protruding on the cell surface, by targeting an engineered deglutamylase to the cilia in minutes. This rapid deglutamylation quickly leads to altered ciliary functions such as kinesin-2-mediated anterograde intraflagellar transport and Hedgehog signaling, along with no apparent crosstalk to other PTMs such as acetylation and detyrosination. Our study offers a feasible approach to spatiotemporally manipulate tubulin PTMs in living cells. Future expansion of the repertoire of actuators that regulate PTMs may facilitate a comprehensive understanding of how diverse tubulin PTMs encode ciliary as well as cellular functions. Tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur spatiotemporally throughout cells, therefore assessing the physiological roles in specific subcellular compartments has been challenging. Here the authors develop a method to rapidly deplete tubulin glutamylation inside the primary cilia by targeting an engineered deglutamylase to the axoneme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rong Hong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cuei-Ling Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Shen Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ganesh V Pusapati
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ning Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Cheng
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chen Chiang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Nathan C Shaner
- Department of Photobiology and Bioimaging, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, 92121, CA, USA
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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9
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Wang W, Yu H, Li T, Li L, Zhang G, Liu Z, Huang T, Zhang Y. Comparative Proteomics Analyses of Pollination Response in Endangered Orchid Species Dendrobium Chrysanthum. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122496. [PMID: 29168730 PMCID: PMC5751103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollination is a crucial stage in plant reproductive process. The self-compatibility (SC) and self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms determined the plant genetic diversity and species survival. D. chrysanthum is a highly valued ornamental and traditional herbal orchid in Asia but has been declared endangered. The sexual reproduction in D. chrysanthum relies on the compatibility of pollination. To provide a better understanding of the mechanism of pollination, the differentially expressed proteins (DEP) between the self-pollination (SP) and cross-pollination (CP) pistil of D. chrysanthum were investigated using proteomic approaches—two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technique. A total of 54 DEP spots were identified in the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) maps between the SP and CP. Gene ontology analysis revealed an array of proteins belonging to following different functional categories: metabolic process (8.94%), response to stimulus (5.69%), biosynthetic process (4.07%), protein folding (3.25%) and transport (3.25%). Identification of these DEPs at the early response stage of pollination will hopefully provide new insights in the mechanism of pollination response and help for the conservation of the orchid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hongyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Tinghai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Lexing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China.
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China.
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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10
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Harpaz D, Eltzov E, Seet RCS, Marks RS, Tok AIY. Point-of-Care-Testing in Acute Stroke Management: An Unmet Need Ripe for Technological Harvest. BIOSENSORS 2017; 7:E30. [PMID: 28771209 PMCID: PMC5618036 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, the second highest leading cause of death, is caused by an abrupt interruption of blood to the brain. Supply of blood needs to be promptly restored to salvage brain tissues from irreversible neuronal death. Existing assessment of stroke patients is based largely on detailed clinical evaluation that is complemented by neuroimaging methods. However, emerging data point to the potential use of blood-derived biomarkers in aiding clinical decision-making especially in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, triaging patients for acute reperfusion therapies, and in informing stroke mechanisms and prognosis. The demand for newer techniques to deliver individualized information on-site for incorporation into a time-sensitive work-flow has become greater. In this review, we examine the roles of a portable and easy to use point-of-care-test (POCT) in shortening the time-to-treatment, classifying stroke subtypes and improving patient's outcome. We first examine the conventional stroke management workflow, then highlight situations where a bedside biomarker assessment might aid clinical decision-making. A novel stroke POCT approach is presented, which combines the use of quantitative and multiplex POCT platforms for the detection of specific stroke biomarkers, as well as data-mining tools to drive analytical processes. Further work is needed in the development of POCTs to fulfill an unmet need in acute stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technology University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Institute for Sports Research (ISR), Nanyang Technology University and Loughborough University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Agriculture Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Centre, Rishon LeTsiyon 15159, Israel.
| | - Raymond C S Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Robert S Marks
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technology University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- The Ilse Katz Centre for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Alfred I Y Tok
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technology University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
- Institute for Sports Research (ISR), Nanyang Technology University and Loughborough University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Developmental changes in plasticity, synaptic, glia and connectivity protein levels in rat dorsal hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 135:125-138. [PMID: 27523749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thus far the identification and functional characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory have not been particularly dissociated from the contribution of developmental changes. Brain plasticity mechanisms have been largely identified and studied using in vitro systems mainly derived from early developmental ages, yet they are considered to be general plasticity mechanisms underlying functions -such as long-term memory- that occurs in the adult brain. Although it is possible that part of the plasticity mechanisms recruited during development is then re-recruited in plasticity responses in adulthood, systematic investigations about whether and how activity-dependent molecular responses differ over development are sparse. Notably, hippocampal-dependent memories are expressed relatively late in development, and the hippocampus undergoes and extended developmental post-natal structural and functional maturation, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms underlying hippocampal neuroplasticity may actually significantly change over development. Here we quantified the relative basal expression levels of sets of plasticity, synaptic, glia and connectivity proteins in rat dorsal hippocampus, a region that is critical for the formation of long-term explicit memories, at two developmental ages, postnatal day 17 (PN17) and PN24, which correspond to a period of relative functional immaturity and maturity, respectively, and compared them to adult age. We found that the levels of numerous proteins and/or their phosphorylation, known to be critical for synaptic plasticity underlying memory formation, including immediate early genes (IEGs), kinases, transcription factors and AMPA receptor subunits, peak at PN17 when the hippocampus is not yet able to express long-term memory. It remains to be established if these changes result from developmental basal activity or infantile learning. Conversely, among all markers investigated, the phosphorylation of calcium calmodulin kinase II α (CamKII α and of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 2 (ERK-2), and the levels of GluA1 and GluA2 significantly increase from PN17 to PN24 and then remain similar in adulthood, thus representing correlates paralleling long-term memory expression ability.
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Howida A, Salaheldeen E, Iida H. Molecular Cloning of Spergen-4, Encoding a Spermatogenic Cell-Specific Protein Associated with Sperm Flagella and the Acrosome Region in Rat Spermatozoa. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:195-203. [PMID: 27032685 DOI: 10.2108/zs150104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We used a differential display in combination with complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning approach to isolate a novel rat gene LOC690919 with an open reading frame of 1227-length nucleotides encoding a protein of 409 amino acids. This gene was designated as Spergen-4 (a spermatogenic cell-specific gene-4). Spergen-4 mRNA was highly expressed in testis, and its expression was detected in rat testis starting at three weeks of postnatal development and persisting up to adulthood. Mouse and human orthologs, which lack N-terminal 77 amino acid residues of rat Spegen-4, were found in the database. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that Spergen-4 was not expressed in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids, but was restrictedly detected at sperm head, cytoplasm, and developing flagella of elongated spermatids in rat testis. In mature spermatozoa, Spergen-4 was detected at the acrosome region as well as the principal piece of flagella. Spergen-4 immunosignal disappeared from sperm heads on acrosome reaction induced by progesterone. These data suggest that Spergen-4 integrated into elongated spermatids during spermiogenesis serves as a constituent for acrosome region and flagella of rat spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Howida
- 1 Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University,Higashiku Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.,2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Naser City, Egypt, PO. 82524
| | - Elsaid Salaheldeen
- 1 Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University,Higashiku Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.,2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Naser City, Egypt, PO. 82524
| | - Hiroshi Iida
- 1 Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University,Higashiku Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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13
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Benedetti E, Di Loreto S, D'Angelo B, Cristiano L, d'Angelo M, Antonosante A, Fidoamore A, Golini R, Cinque B, Cifone MG, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Cimini A. The PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Induces Early Neuronal Maturation of Cortical Post-Mitotic Neurons: Role of PPARβ/δ in Neuronal Maturation. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26206209 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences support that signaling lipids participate in synaptic plasticity and cell survival, and that the lipid signaling is closely associated with neuronal differentiation, learning, and memory and with pathologic events, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are strongly involved in the fatty acid cell signaling, as many of the natural lypophylic compounds are PPAR ligands. We have previously shown that PPARβ/δ is the main isotype present in cortical neuron primary cultures and that during neuronal maturation, PPARβ/δ is gradually increased and activated. To get more insight into the molecular mechanism by which PPARβ/δ may be involved in neuronal maturation processes, in this work a specific PPARβ/δ agonist, GW0742 was used administered alone or in association with a specific PPARβ/δ antagonist, the GSK0660, and the parameters involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation were assayed. The data obtained demonstrated the strong involvement of PPARβ/δ in neuronal maturation, triggering the agonist an anticipation of neuronal differentiation, and the antagonist abolishing the observed effects. These effects appear to be mediated by the activation of BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Loreto
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Fidoamore
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaella Golini
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
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14
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Lakadamyali M. Navigating the cell: how motors overcome roadblocks and traffic jams to efficiently transport cargo. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:5907-16. [PMID: 24557020 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular transport plays an essential role in maintaining the organization of cells. The importance of long-range, bi-directional transport is evidenced by the fact that its failure goes hand in hand with several diseases including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The nanoscale cellular transport machinery consisting of cytoskeletal tracks and motor-proteins is responsible for effectively delivering important materials to specific locations inside the cell. Motor-proteins manage to overcome several challenges in the crowded cellular environment to achieve well-coordinated and effective transport. In recent years, thanks to state-of-the-art single molecule biophysical tools, we have started to gain insights into the cellular traffic rules. This perspective summarizes the challenges that motors face in navigating the complex cytoskeleton and the lessons learned about transport in crowded environments from both bottom-up in vitro studies as well as top-down in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Lakadamyali
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Derksen J, Wilms FHA, Pierson ES. The plant cytoskeleton: its significance in plant development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1990.tb01441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Derksen
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld NL-6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - F. H. A. Wilms
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld NL-6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - E. S. Pierson
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Toernooiveld NL-6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
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16
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Kengen HMP, Derksen J. Organization of microtubules and microfilaments in protoplasts from suspension cells ofNicotiana plumbaginifolia: a quantitative analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. P. Kengen
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - J. Derksen
- Department of Experimental Botany; University of Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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17
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An K, Fang L, Luo R, Wang D, Xie L, Yang J, Chen H, Xiao S. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that transmissible gastroenteritis virus activates the JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5376-90. [PMID: 25357264 DOI: 10.1021/pr500173p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes lethal watery diarrhea and severe dehydration in piglets. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling was used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed cellular proteins after TGEV infection in PK-15 cells. In total, 162 differentially expressed cellular proteins were identified, including 60 upregulated proteins and 102 downregulated proteins. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in the cell cycle, cellular growth and proliferation, the innate immune response, etc. Interestingly, many upregulated proteins were associated with interferon signaling, especially signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Immunoblotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that TGEV infection induces STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, as well as ISG expression. This study for the first time reveals that TGEV induces interferon signaling from the point of proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang An
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei China
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Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen mediates microtubule destabilization to promote cell motility and migration. J Virol 2014; 89:35-47. [PMID: 25320307 PMCID: PMC4301106 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02317-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer of neuroendocrine origin with a high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) causes the majority of MCC cases due to the expression of the MCPyV small and large tumor antigens (ST and LT, respectively). Although a number of molecular mechanisms have been attributed to MCPyV tumor antigen-mediated cellular transformation or replication, to date, no studies have investigated any potential link between MCPyV T antigen expression and the highly metastatic nature of MCC. Here we use a quantitative proteomic approach to show that MCPyV ST promotes differential expression of cellular proteins implicated in microtubule-associated cytoskeletal organization and dynamics. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that MCPyV ST expression promotes microtubule destabilization, leading to a motile and migratory phenotype. We further highlight the essential role of the microtubule-associated protein stathmin in MCPyV ST-mediated microtubule destabilization and cell motility and implicate the cellular phosphatase catalytic subunit protein phosphatase 4C (PP4C) in the regulation of this process. These findings suggest a possible molecular mechanism for the highly metastatic phenotype associated with MCC. IMPORTANCE Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) causes the majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive skin cancer with a high metastatic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to virally induced cancer development have yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, no studies have investigated any potential link between the virus and the highly metastatic nature of MCC. We demonstrate that the MCPyV small tumor antigen (ST) promotes the destabilization of the host cell microtubule network, which leads to a more motile and migratory cell phenotype. We further show that MCPyV ST induces this process by regulating the phosphorylation status of the cellular microtubule-associated protein stathmin by its known association with the cellular phosphatase catalytic subunit PP4C. These findings highlight stathmin as a possible biomarker of MCC and as a target for novel antitumoral therapies.
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Abdanipour A, Schluesener HJ, Tiraihi T, Noori-Zadeh A. Systemic administration of valproic acid stimulates overexpression of microtubule-associated protein 2 in the spinal cord injury model to promote neurite outgrowth. Neurol Res 2014; 37:223-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Semenova I, Ikeda K, Resaul K, Kraikivski P, Aguiar M, Gygi S, Zaliapin I, Cowan A, Rodionov V. Regulation of microtubule-based transport by MAP4. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3119-32. [PMID: 25143402 PMCID: PMC4196864 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-01-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-based transport of organelles driven by the opposing MT motors kinesins and dynein is tightly regulated in cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we tested the regulation of MT transport by the ubiquitous protein MAP4 using Xenopus melanophores as an experimental system. In these cells, pigment granules (melanosomes) move along MTs to the cell center (aggregation) or to the periphery (dispersion) by means of cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-2, respectively. We found that aggregation signals induced phosphorylation of threonine residues in the MT-binding domain of the Xenopus MAP4 (XMAP4), thus decreasing binding of this protein to MTs. Overexpression of XMAP4 inhibited pigment aggregation by shortening dynein-dependent MT runs of melanosomes, whereas removal of XMAP4 from MTs reduced the length of kinesin-2-dependent runs and suppressed pigment dispersion. We hypothesize that binding of XMAP4 to MTs negatively regulates dynein-dependent movement of melanosomes and positively regulates kinesin-2-based movement. Phosphorylation during pigment aggregation reduces binding of XMAP4 to MTs, thus increasing dynein-dependent and decreasing kinesin-2-dependent motility of melanosomes, which stimulates their accumulation in the cell center, whereas dephosphorylation of XMAP4 during dispersion has an opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Semenova
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Kazuho Ikeda
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Karim Resaul
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Pavel Kraikivski
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Mike Aguiar
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Steven Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ilya Zaliapin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Ann Cowan
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Vladimir Rodionov
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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Krisenko MO, Cartagena A, Raman A, Geahlen RL. Nanomechanical property maps of breast cancer cells as determined by multiharmonic atomic force microscopy reveal Syk-dependent changes in microtubule stability mediated by MAP1B. Biochemistry 2014; 54:60-8. [PMID: 24914616 PMCID: PMC4295795 DOI: 10.1021/bi500325n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
Syk protein-tyrosine kinase, a well-characterized modulator
of immune recognition receptor signaling, also plays important, but
poorly characterized, roles in tumor progression, acting as an inhibitor
of cellular motility and metastasis in highly invasive cancer cells.
Multiharmonic
atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to map nanomechanical properties
of live MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells either lacking or expressing
Syk. The expression of Syk dramatically altered the cellular topography,
reduced cell height, increased elasticity, increased viscosity, and
allowed visualization of a more substantial microtubule network. The
microtubules of Syk-expressing cells were more stable to nocodazole-induced
depolymerization and were more highly acetylated than those of Syk-deficient
cells. Silencing of MAP1B, a major substrate for Syk in MDA-MB-231
cells, attenuated Syk-dependent microtubule stability and reversed
much of the effect of Syk on cellular topography, stiffness, and viscosity.
This study illustrates the use of multiharmonic AFM both to quantitatively
map the local nanomechanical properties
of living cells and to identify the underlying mechanisms by which
these properties are modulated by signal transduction machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya O Krisenko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, ‡School of Mechanical Engineering, §Purdue Center for Cancer Research, and ∥Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Oiki S, Hiyama E, Gotoh T, Iida H. Localization of Tektin 1 at Both Acrosome and Flagella of Mouse and Bull Spermatozoa. Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:101-7. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.31.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Oiki
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashiku Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Erina Hiyama
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashiku Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-0201, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iida
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashiku Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Yamaguchi A, Kaneko T, Inai T, Iida H. Molecular cloning and subcellular localization of Tektin2-binding protein 1 (Ccdc 172) in rat spermatozoa. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:286-97. [PMID: 24394471 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413520607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tektins (TEKTs) are composed of a family of filament-forming proteins localized in cilia and flagella. Five types of mammalian TEKTs have been reported, all of which have been verified to be present in sperm flagella. TEKT2, which is indispensable for sperm structure, mobility, and fertilization, was present at the periphery of the outer dense fiber (ODF) in the sperm flagella. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we intended to isolate flagellar proteins that could interact with TEKT2, which resulted in the isolation of novel two genes from the mouse testis library, referred as a TEKT2-binding protein 1 (TEKT2BP1) and -protein 2 (TEKT2BP2). In this study, we characterized TEKT2BP1, which is registered as a coiled-coil domain-containing protein 172 (Ccdc172) in the latest database. RT-PCR analysis indicated that TEKT2BP1 was predominantly expressed in rat testis and that its expression was increased after 3 weeks of postnatal development. Immunocytochemical studies discovered that TEKT2BP1 localized in the middle piece of rat spermatozoa, predominantly concentrated at the mitochondria sheath of the flagella. We hypothesize that the TEKT2-TEKT2BP1 complex might be involved in the structural linkage between the ODF and mitochondria in the middle piece of the sperm flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (AY,TK,HI)
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Yang XY, Wang Y, Jiang WJ, Liu XL, Zhang XM, Yu HJ, Huang SW, Liu GQ. Characterization and expression profiling of cucumber kinesin genes during early fruit development: revealing the roles of kinesins in exponential cell production and enlargement in cucumber fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:4541-57. [PMID: 24023249 PMCID: PMC3808332 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cell division and expansion in early fruit development are important phases for cucumber fruit yield and quality. Kinesin proteins are microtubule-based motors responsible for modulating cell division and enlargement. In this work, the candidate kinesin genes involved in rapid cell division and expansion during cucumber fruit development were investigated. The morphological and cellular changes during early fruit development were compared in four cucumber genotypes with varied fruit size. The correlation between the expression profiles of cucumber kinesin genes and cellular changes in fruit was investigated. Finally, the biochemical characteristics and subcellular localizations of three candidate kinesins were studied. The results clarified the morphological and cellular changes during early cucumber fruit development. This study found that CsKF2-CsKF6 were positively correlated with rapid cell production; CsKF1 and CsKF7 showed a strongly positive correlation with rapid cell expansion. The results also indicated that CsKF1 localized to the plasma membrane of fast-expanding fruit cells, that CsKF2 might play a role in fruit chloroplast division, and that CsKF3 is involved in the function or formation of phragmoplasts in fruit telophase cells. The results strongly suggest that specific fruit-enriched kinesins are specialized in their functions in rapid cell division and expansion during cucumber fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- * These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- * These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wei Jie Jiang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or /
| | - Xiao Ling Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Meng Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hong Jun Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - San Wen Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Guo Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Kanenari M, Zhao J, Abiko Y. Enhancement of microtubule-associated protein-1 Alpha gene expression in osteoblasts by low level laser irradiation. Laser Ther 2013; 20:47-51. [PMID: 24155513 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.20.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low level laser irradiation (LLLI) stimulates bone regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to this is not yet understood. The stepwise subtractive cDNA cloning technology has been developed, coupled with DNA homology searched in DNA database is useful to identify the certain gene. AIM In order to understand the mechanism, we attempted to identify genes whose expressions are enhanced by LLLI. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were irradiated with an 830 nm Ga-Al-As diode laser, and a cDNA library was constructed using subtractive gene cloning. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cDNA library of osteoblasts which was treated by LLLI was constructed. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed and homology searched in a DNA database using BLASTN program to identify the gene with altered expression. Altered mRNA levels by LLLI were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. RESULTS The DNA sequence of a subtracted gene clone MCL129 indicated high homology (99%) with the microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A) gene. Increase in MAP-1A mRNA level by LLLI was successfully confirmed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. DISCUSSION MAP1A has been shown to promote microtubule assembly and its functional expression. Microtubules play an important role in cell division, cell shape and polarity, cell movement, intracellular transport, signal transduction, and synthesis and secretion of collagen. Thus, enhancement of MAP1A gene expression by LLLI may be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in accelerating bone formation by LLLI. CONCLUSION LLLI irradiation enhances MAP1A gene expression and modulates microtubule assembly and the functional structure of microtubules, in turn, stimulates osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Kanenari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan
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Yokobori S, Hosein K, Burks S, Sharma I, Gajavelli S, Bullock R. Biomarkers for the clinical differential diagnosis in traumatic brain injury--a systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:556-65. [PMID: 23710877 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid triage and decision-making in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) present challenging dilemma in "resource poor" environments such as the battlefield and developing areas of the world. There is an urgent need for additional tools to guide treatment of TBI. The aim of this review is to establish the possible use of diagnostic TBI biomarkers in (1) identifying diffuse and focal brain injury and (2) assess their potential for determining outcome, intracranial pressure (ICP), and responses to therapy. At present, there is insufficient literature to support a role for diagnostic biomarkers in distinguishing focal and diffuse injury or for accurate determination of raised ICP. Presently, neurofilament (NF), S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) seemed to have the best potential as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing focal and diffuse injury, whereas C-tau, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100β, GFAP, and spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) appear to be candidates for ICP reflective biomarkers. With the combinations of different pathophysiology related to each biomarker, a multibiomarker analysis seems to be effective and would likely increase diagnostic accuracy. There is limited research focusing on the differential diagnostic properties of biomarkers in TBI. This fact warrants the need for greater efforts to innovate sensitive and reliable biomarkers. We advocate awareness and inclusion of the differentiation of injury type and ICP elevation in further studies with brain injury biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Yokobori S, Zhang Z, Moghieb A, Mondello S, Gajavelli S, Dietrich WD, Bramlett H, Hayes RL, Wang M, Wang KKW, Bullock MR. Acute diagnostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury: review of the literature and preliminary research report. World Neurosurg 2013; 83:867-78. [PMID: 23524031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many efforts have been made to create new diagnostic technologies for use in the diagnosis of central nervous system injury. However, there is still no consensus for the use of biomarkers in clinical acute spinal cord injury (SCI). The aims of this review are (1) to evaluate the current status of neurochemical biomarkers and (2) to discuss their potential acute diagnostic role in SCI by reviewing the literature. METHODS PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was searched up to 2012 to identify publications concerning diagnostic biomarkers in SCI. To support more knowledge, we also checked secondary references in the primarily retrieved literature. RESULTS Neurofilaments, cleaved-Tau, microtubule-associated protein 2, myelin basic protein, neuron-specific enolase, S100β, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were identified as structural protein biomarkers in SCI by this review process. We could not find reports relating ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 and α-II spectrin breakdown products, which are widely researched in other central nervous system injuries. Therefore, we present our preliminary data relating to these two biomarkers. Some of biomarkers showed promising results for SCI diagnosis and outcome prediction; however, there were unresolved issues relating to accuracy and their accessibility. CONCLUSION Currently, there still are not many reports focused on diagnostic biomarkers in SCI. This fact warranted the need for greater efforts to innovate sensitive and reliable biomarkers for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Zhiqun Zhang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Helen Bramlett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Michael Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M Ross Bullock
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Fischer I, Romano-Clarke G. Association of microtubule-associated protein (MAP1B) with growing axons in cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 2:39-51. [PMID: 19912782 DOI: 10.1016/1044-7431(91)90038-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/1991] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is a major constituent of the neuronal cytoskeleton early in development. This protein is present in embryonic brain and is composed of two isoforms that are the result of differential phosphorylation. We examined the distribution of MAP1B during the differentiation of cultured hippocampal neurons and compared it to that of MAP2 and tubulin. We demonstrated by immunofluorescent doublestaining that MAP1B and MAP2 are colocalized in cell bodies and the minor processes of hippocampal neurons during the early stages of development, before the establishment of neuronal polarity. Later, when neurons acquire axonal and dendritic characteristics, MAP1B is sorted into growing axons, including the growth cone, whereas MAP2 is restricted to dendrites and cell bodies. Unlike tubulin, the localization of MAP1B in growing axons is not uniform. Rather, the protein is found concentrated in the distal portion. During later stages of development, the neurons extend a network of fasciculating axonal and dendritic neurites in which the segregation of MAP1B and MAP2 is maintained. However, the staining of MAP1B in mature neuronal cultures decreases in a pattern that resembles the decline of this protein during brain development. These results support the association of MAP1B with growing axons and its correct developmental regulation in the hippocampal culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, E. K. Shriver Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, USA; Department of Neurology (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Murakami N, Bolton DC, Kida E, Xie W, Hwang YW. Phosphorylation by Dyrk1A of clathrin coated vesicle-associated proteins: identification of the substrate proteins and the effects of phosphorylation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34845. [PMID: 22514676 PMCID: PMC3325943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyrk1A phosphorylated multiple proteins in the clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) preparations obtained from rat brains. Mass spectrometric analysis identified MAP1A, MAP2, AP180, and α- and β-adaptins as the phosphorylated proteins in the CCVs. Each protein was subsequently confirmed by [(32)P]-labeling and immunological methods. The Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation released the majority of MAP1A and MAP2 and enhanced the release of AP180 and adaptin subunits from the CCVs. Furthermore, Dyrk1A displaced adaptor proteins physically from CCVs in a kinase-concentration dependent manner. The clathrin heavy chain release rate, in contrast, was not affected by Dyrk1A. Surprisingly, the Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation of α- and β-adaptins led to dissociation of the AP2 complex, and released only β-adaptin from the CCVs. AP180 was phosphorylated by Dyrk1A also in the membrane-free fractions, but α- and β-adaptins were not. Dyrk1A was detected in the isolated CCVs and was co-localized with clathrin in neurons from mouse brain sections and from primary cultured rat hippocampus. Previously, we proposed that Dyrk1A inhibits the onset of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neurons by phosphorylating dynamin 1, amphiphysin 1, and synaptojanin 1. Current results suggest that besides the inhibition, Dyrk1A promotes the uncoating process of endocytosed CCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America. . gov
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Zhao Y, Toselli P, Li W. Microtubules as a critical target for arsenic toxicity in lung cells in vitro and in vivo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:474-95. [PMID: 22470304 PMCID: PMC3315258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To understand mechanisms for arsenic toxicity in the lung, we examined effects of sodium m-arsenite (As³⁺) on microtubule (MT) assembly in vitro (0-40 µM), in cultured rat lung fibroblasts (RFL6, 0-20 µM for 24 h) and in the rat animal model (intratracheal instillation of 2.02 mg As/kg body weight, once a week for 5 weeks). As³⁺ induced a dose-dependent disassembly of cellular MTs and enhancement of the free tubulin pool, initiating an autoregulation of tubulin synthesis manifest as inhibition of steady-state mRNA levels of βI-tubulin in dosed lung cells and tissues. Spindle MT injuries by As³⁺ were concomitant with chromosomal disorientations. As³⁺ reduced the binding to tubulin of [³H]N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), an -SH group reagent, resulting in inhibition of MT polymerization in vitro with bovine brain tubulins which was abolished by addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) suggesting As³⁺ action upon tubulin through -SH groups. In response to As³⁺, cells elevated cellular thiols such as metallothionein. Taxol, a tubulin polymerization agent, antagonized both As³⁺ and NEM induced MT depolymerization. MT-associated proteins (MAPs) essential for the MT stability were markedly suppressed in As³⁺-treated cells. Thus, tubulin sulfhydryls and MAPs are major molecular targets for As³⁺ damage to the lung triggering MT disassembly cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Takiguchi H, Murayama E, Kaneko T, Kurio H, Toshimori K, Iida H. Characterization and subcellular localization of Tektin 3 in rat spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:611-20. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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White E. Mechanical modulation of cardiac microtubules. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:177-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-0963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shimasaki S, Yamamoto E, Murayama E, Kurio H, Kaneko T, Shibata Y, Inai T, Iida H. Subcellular localization of Tektin2 in rat sperm flagellum. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:755-61. [PMID: 20822404 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tektins are evolutionarily conserved filament-forming proteins localized in flagella and cilia, and have been reported to be involved in the stability and structural complexity of axonemal microtubules. Five mammalian Tektins (Tektin1-5) have been reported. Of these, Tektin2 (TEKT2) has been found to be required for normal flagellum structure and function. Tekt2-null sperm display flagellum bending and reduced motility, probably due to disruption of the dynein inner arm. However, the subcellular localization of TEKT2 in spermatozoa has not been clarified at the ultrastructural level. To elucidate the molecular localization of TEKT2 in flagella of rat spermatozoa, we performed confocal laser scanning microscopy, extraction of flagella followed by immunoblot analysis, and immunogold electron microscopy. Extraction of sperm flagella by SDS-EDTA resulted in complete extraction of axonemal tubulins, while TEKT2 was only partially released from flagella, suggesting that TEKT2 might be present in the peri-axonemal component, not directly associated with axonemal tubulins. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy revealed that TEKT2 is associated with the surface of outer dense fibers (ODFs). TEKT2 may function as an ODF-affiliated molecule required for flagellum stability and sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashiku Hakozaki, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gouveia SM, Akhmanova A. Cell and Molecular Biology of Microtubule Plus End Tracking Proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 285:1-74. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381047-2.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ray B, Bailey JA, Sarkar S, Lahiri DK. Molecular and immunocytochemical characterization of primary neuronal cultures from adult rat brain: Differential expression of neuronal and glial protein markers. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 184:294-302. [PMID: 19720084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiological studies using primary neuronal cultures commonly employ fetal-derived neurons, but much less often adult brain-derived neurons. Our goal is to perform morphological and molecular characterization of primary neuronal cultures from adult rat brain, including the relative expression of neuronal and glial cell markers at different time points. We tested the hypothesis that long-term neuronal viability is compatible with glial proliferation in adult neuron culture. We examined neuron culture from adult rat brain, which was maintained at steady state up to 24 days, and characterized them on the basis of cellular, molecular and biochemical properties at different time points of the culture. We identified neuronal and glial cells by both immunocytochemical and western immunoblotting techniques using NSE and Tau as neuronal markers and GFAP as glial protein marker, which revealed the presence of predominantly neuronal cells in the initial phase of the culture and a rise in glial cells from day 12 onwards. Notably, neuronal cells were preserved in the culture along with the glial cells even at day 24. Transfection of the cultured cells with a GFP expression vector and plasmids containing a luciferase reporter gene under the control of two different gene promoters demonstrated DNA transfectability. Taken together, these results suggest a differential expression of neuronal and glial cells at different time points and long-term neuronal viability in the presence of glial proliferation. Such adult neurons serve as a suitable system for the application of neurodegeneration models and for drug target discovery in various brain disorders including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balmiki Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Shaneh A, Salavati R. Kinetoplastid RNA editing ligases 1 and 2 exhibit different electrostatic properties. J Mol Model 2009; 16:61-76. [PMID: 19471975 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid RNA editing ligases 1 and 2 (KREL1 and KREL2) share a significant degree of sequence homology. However, biochemical experiments have reported that KREL1 and KREL2 differ in their functional roles during the RNA editing process. In this study, we hypothesize that dissimilar roles for KREL1 and KREL2 proteins arise from their different physicochemical characteristics. To test our hypothesis at sequence level, we plotted theoretical titration curves for KREL1, KREL2 and their binding partner proteins. The plots showed a lower isoelectric point for KREL1 compared to that for KREL2 as well as more relative alkalinity and acidity for binding partner proteins of KREL1 and KREL2 at net charge zero, respectively. At structure level, based on the available high resolution structure of KREL1 N-terminal domain and strong sequence similarity between KRELs and other ligases, we built the homology model of KREL2 N-terminal domain. Using Poisson-Boltzmann continuum approach, we calculated the electrostatic potential isosurfaces of KREL1 structure and KREL2 model. KREL1 and KREL2 coordinates differed in their electrostatic isopotential patterns. A wider negative patch on the surface of KREL1 suggests differential affinity for another protein compared to KREL2. In contrast, a larger positive patch on the KREL2 surface predicts its differential affinity and/or specificity for its RNA substrate. Subsequently, we employed in silico mutational scanning and identified the surface-exposed residues contributing to the long-range electrostatic energy of KRELs. We predict that two structurally conserved loops of KRELs, not previously reported in the literature, also recognize their RNA substrates. Our results provide important information about the physicochemical properties of RNA editing ligases that could contribute to the ligation step of RNA editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shaneh
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, 21-111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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The Tubulin Binding Mode of MT Stabilizing and Destabilizing Agents Studied by NMR. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 286:151-208. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Alieva IB, Uzbekov RE. The centrosome is a polyfunctional multiprotein cell complex. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:626-43. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Attardo A, Calegari F, Haubensak W, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Huttner WB. Live imaging at the onset of cortical neurogenesis reveals differential appearance of the neuronal phenotype in apical versus basal progenitor progeny. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2388. [PMID: 18545663 PMCID: PMC2398773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurons of the mammalian brain are generated by progenitors dividing either at the apical surface of the ventricular zone (neuroepithelial and radial glial cells, collectively referred to as apical progenitors) or at its basal side (basal progenitors, also called intermediate progenitors). For apical progenitors, the orientation of the cleavage plane relative to their apical-basal axis is thought to be of critical importance for the fate of the daughter cells. For basal progenitors, the relationship between cell polarity, cleavage plane orientation and the fate of daughter cells is unknown. Here, we have investigated these issues at the very onset of cortical neurogenesis. To directly observe the generation of neurons from apical and basal progenitors, we established a novel transgenic mouse line in which membrane GFP is expressed from the beta-III-tubulin promoter, an early pan-neuronal marker, and crossed this line with a previously described knock-in line in which nuclear GFP is expressed from the Tis21 promoter, a pan-neurogenic progenitor marker. Mitotic Tis21-positive basal progenitors nearly always divided symmetrically, generating two neurons, but, in contrast to symmetrically dividing apical progenitors, lacked apical-basal polarity and showed a nearly randomized cleavage plane orientation. Moreover, the appearance of beta-III-tubulin–driven GFP fluorescence in basal progenitor-derived neurons, in contrast to that in apical progenitor-derived neurons, was so rapid that it suggested the initiation of the neuronal phenotype already in the progenitor. Our observations imply that (i) the loss of apical-basal polarity restricts neuronal progenitors to the symmetric mode of cell division, and that (ii) basal progenitors initiate the expression of neuronal phenotype already before mitosis, in contrast to apical progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Attardo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wieland B. Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sakamoto T, Uezu A, Kawauchi S, Kuramoto T, Makino K, Umeda K, Araki N, Baba H, Nakanishi H. Mass spectrometric analysis of microtubule co-sedimented proteins from rat brain. Genes Cells 2008; 13:295-312. [PMID: 18363962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) play crucial roles in a variety of cell functions, such as mitosis, vesicle transport and cell motility. MTs also compose specialized structures, such as centrosomes, spindles and cilia. However, molecular mechanisms of these MT-based functions and structures are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed MT co-sedimented proteins from rat brain by tandem mass spectrometry (MS) upon ion exchange column chromatography. We identified a total of 391 proteins. These proteins were grouped into 12 categories: 57 MT cytoskeletal proteins, including MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and motor proteins; 66 other cytoskeletal proteins; 4 centrosomal proteins; 10 chaperons; 5 Golgi proteins; 7 mitochondrial proteins; 62 nucleic acid-binding proteins; 14 nuclear proteins; 13 ribosomal proteins; 28 vesicle transport proteins; 83 proteins with diverse function and/or localization; and 42 uncharacterized proteins. Of these uncharacterized proteins, six proteins were expressed in cultured cells, resulting in the identification of three novel components of centrosomes and cilia. Our present method is not specific for MAPs, but is useful for identifying low abundant novel MAPs and components of MT-based structures. Our analysis provides an extensive list of potential candidates for future study of the molecular mechanisms of MT-based functions and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Murayama E, Yamamoto E, Kaneko T, Shibata Y, Inai T, Iida H. Tektin5, a new Tektin family member, is a component of the middle piece of flagella in rat spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:650-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ambit A, Fasel N, Coombs GH, Mottram JC. An essential role for the Leishmania major metacaspase in cell cycle progression. Cell Death Differ 2007; 15:113-22. [PMID: 17901875 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Metacaspases (MCAs) are distant orthologues of caspases and have been proposed to play a role in programmed cell death in yeast and plants, but little is known about their function in parasitic protozoa. The MCA gene of Leishmania major (LmjMCA) is expressed in actively replicating amastigotes and procyclic promastigotes, but at a lower level in metacyclic promastigotes. LmjMCA has a punctate distribution throughout the cell in interphase cells, but becomes concentrated in the kinetoplast (mitochondrial DNA) at the time of the organelle's segregation. LmjMCA also translocates to the nucleus during mitosis, where it associates with the mitotic spindle. Overexpression of LmjMCA in promastigotes leads to a severe growth retardation and changes in ploidy, due to defects in kinetoplast segregation and nuclear division and an impairment of cytokinesis. LmjMCA null mutants could not be generated and following genetic manipulation to express LmjMCA from an episome, the only mutants that were viable were those expressing LmjMCA at physiological levels. Together these data suggest that in L. major active LmjMCA is essential for the correct segregation of the nucleus and kinetoplast, functions that could be independent of programmed cell death, and that the amount of LmjMCA is crucial. The absence of MCAs from mammals makes the enzyme a potential drug target against protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ambit
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Hervey WJ, Strader MB, Hurst GB. Comparison of Digestion Protocols for Microgram Quantities of Enriched Protein Samples. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:3054-61. [PMID: 17616116 DOI: 10.1021/pr070159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Standard biochemical techniques that are used for protein enrichments, such as affinity isolation and density gradient centrifugation, frequently yield high-nanogram to low-microgram quantities at a significant expenditure of resources and time. The characterization of selected protein enrichments by the "shotgun" mass spectrometry approach is often compromised by the lack of effective and efficient in-solution proteolysis protocols specifically tailored for these small quantities of proteins. This study compares the results of five different digestion protocols that were applied to 2.5 mug portions of protein isolates from two disparate sources: Rhodopseudomonas palustris 70S ribosomal proteins, and Bos taurus microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Proteolytic peptides produced according to each protocol in each type of protein isolate were analyzed by one-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The effectiveness of each digestion protocol was assessed on the basis of three parameters: number of peptide identifications, number of protein identifications, and sequence coverage. The two protocols using a solvent containing 80% acetonitrile (CH3CN) for trypsin digestions performed as well as, and in some instances better than, protocols employing other solvents and chaotropes in both types of protein isolates. A primary advantage of the 80% CH3CN protocol is that it requires fewer sample manipulation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Judson Hervey
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, USA
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Guo Y, Pischon N, Palamakumbura AH, Trackman PC. Intracellular distribution of the lysyl oxidase propeptide in osteoblastic cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C2095-102. [PMID: 17287363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00613.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase plays a critical role in the formation of the extracellular matrix, and its activity is required for the normal maturation and cross-linking of collagen and elastin. An 18-kDa lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOPP) is generated from 50-kDa prolysyl oxidase by extracellular proteolytic cleavage during the biosynthesis of active 30-kDa lysyl oxidase enzyme. The fate and the functions of the LOPP are largely unknown, although intact LOPP was previously observed in osteoblast cultures. We investigated the spatial localization of molecular forms of lysyl oxidase, including LOPP in proliferating and differentiating osteoblasts, by using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blots of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts. In the present study, a stage-dependent intracellular distribution of LOPP in the osteoblastic cell was observed. In proliferating osteoblasts, LOPP epitopes were principally associated with the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum, and mature lysyl oxidase epitopes were found principally in the nucleus and perinuclear region. In differentiating cells, LOPP and mature lysyl oxidase immunostaining showed clear colocalization with the microtubule network. The subcellular distribution of LOPP and its temporal and physical association with microtubules were confirmed by Western blot and far Western blot studies. We also report that N-glycosylated and nonglycosylated LOPP are present in MC3T3-E1 cell cultures. We conclude that LOPP has a stage-dependent intracellular distribution in osteoblastic cells. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the LOPP associations with microtubules or the osteoblast nucleus have functional effects for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Division of Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Oka T, Tamada Y, Nakajima E, Shearer TR, Azuma M. Presence of calpain-induced proteolysis in retinal degeneration and dysfunction in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:1342-51. [PMID: 16528750 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if calpain-induced proteolysis was associated with retinal degeneration or dysfunction in the rat acute ocular hypertensive model. Acute glaucoma was produced by elevation of IOP to 120 mm Hg for 1 hr. Retinal degeneration was evaluated by H&E staining and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining in histologic sections of retina. Electroretinogram (ERG) was carried out to evaluate changes in functionality. Activation of calpains was determined by casein zymography and immunoblotting. Total calcium in retina was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Proteolysis of alpha-spectrin, tau, cdk5, and p35 (a regulator of cdk5) were evaluated by immunoblotting. The thickness of inner plexiform layer (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL), and the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) decreased after ocular hypertension. Numerous cells in the INL stained positive for TUNEL and some cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) showed TUNEL staining. The a-wave in ERG was temporarily decreased after ocular hypertension and then recovered to normal. In contrast, the b-wave was completely lost. Calpains were activated after ocular hypertension. Activation of calpains was associated with increased calcium in retina. Calpain-dependent proteolysis of alpha-spectrin, tau, and p35 were observed in retina after ocular hypertension. The results suggested that increased calcium and subsequent proteolysis by activated calpains was associated with the death of inner retinal cells due to acute ocular hypertension in the rat model. Calpain inhibitors may be candidate drugs for treatment of retinal degeneration and dysfunction resulting from glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Oka
- Kobe Creative Center, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Iida H, Honda Y, Matsuyama T, Shibata Y, Inai T. Tektin 4 is located on outer dense fibers, not associated with axonemal tubulins of flagella in rodent spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:929-36. [PMID: 16596631 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tektins, which are thought to be the constitutive proteins of microtubules in cilia, flagella, basal bodies, and centrioles, have been reported to be involved in the stability and structural complexity of axonemal microtubules. Four types of mammalian Tektins have been reported, and at least two types of Tektins, Tektin 2 and Tektin 4, have been verified to be present in sperm flagella. To elucidate the molecular localization of Tektin 4 in flagella of rodent spermatozoa, we performed immunocytochemistry, fractionation study followed by immunoblot analysis, and immunogold electron microscopy. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy indicated that Tektin 4 was associated with outer dense fibers (ODFs) in both the middle and principal piece of flagella in rat and mouse spermatozoa. Tektin 4 in rat spermatozoa is completely released by 6 M urea treatment, but not extracted by 1% Triton X-100 and 0.6 M potassium thiocyanate. Pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that Tektin 4 located on the abaxial (convex) surface of ODFs in flagella, not associate with axonemal microtubules. Our data strongly suggested that Tektin 4 is not associated with axonemal tubulins but an ODFs-affiliated molecule in rodent spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iida
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abstract
The Frank-Starling mechanism, by which load directly regulates muscle length and thus performance is the means by which the mechanics and energetics of cardiac muscle are regulated on a beat-to-beat basis. When this short-term compensation for increased load is insufficient, the long-term compensation of cardiac hypertrophy ensues. The simplest and most direct mechanism for load regulation of cardiac mass would obtain if an analog of the short-term Frank-Starling mechanism of functional regulation operated in the long-term time domain of mass regulation; that is, if heart muscle were able to directly transduce increased load into growth. It is now clear that load does indeed serve as a direct regulator of cardiac mass in the adult. Cardiac hypertrophy, at the levels of intact animal, isolated tissue, and cultured cells, is a direct response of the adult mammalian cardiocyte to increased load, modified by but without the requisite involvement of factors external to the cell. The extent to which such hypertrophy is compensatory is critically dependent on the type of hemodynamic overload that serves as the hypertrophic stimulus. Thus, cardiac hypertrophy is not intrinsically maladaptive; rather, it is the nature of the inducing load rather than hypertrophy itself that is responsible for the frequent deterioration of initially compensatory hypertrophy into the congestive heart failure state. As one example reviewed here of this load specificity of maladaptation, increased microtubule network density is a persistent feature of severely pressure overloaded, hypertrophied and failing myocardium which imposes a viscous load on active myofilaments during contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cooper
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston 29403, USA.
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Matsuyama T, Honda Y, Doiguchi M, Iida H. Molecular cloning of a new member of TEKTIN family, Tektin4, located to the flagella of rat spermatozoa. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 72:120-8. [PMID: 15948161 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tektins are composed of a family of filament-forming proteins associated with ciliary and flagellar microtubules. A new member of the TEKTIN gene family, which was designated as rat Tektin4, was obtained by PCR technique combined with yeast two-hybrid screening. Rat Tektin4 cDNA consists of 1,341 bp encoding a 52 kDa protein of 447 amino acids. Tektin4 protein contains a Tektin domain including a nonapeptide signature sequence (RPNVELCRD), which is a prominent feature of Tektins. Its amino acid sequence showed 29% approximately 58% identities to that of other Tektin family proteins registered in the public databases. Tektin4 gene, which was mapped to rat chromosome 10q12, is composed of six exons and spanning 5 kb. Reverse-transcriptional-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that Tektin4 was predominantly expressed in testis and its expression was upregulated during testis development. In situ hybridization analysis showed that Tektin4 mRNA was localized in round spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of the rat testis. Tektin4 protein was predominantly localized in the flagella of spermatozoa, suggesting that it might works as a flagellar component requisite for flagellar stability or sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsuyama
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashiku Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka, Japan
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