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Cignarella A, Bolego C, Barton M. Sex and sex steroids as determinants of cardiovascular risk. Steroids 2024; 206:109423. [PMID: 38631602 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
There are considerable sex differences regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, as well as chronic renal disease. Women are largely protected from these conditions prior to menopause, and the risk increases following cessation of endogenous estrogen production or after surgical menopause. Cardiovascular diseases in women generally begin to occur at a later age than in men (on average with a delay of 10 years). Cessation of estrogen production also impacts metabolism, increasing the risk of developing obesity and diabetes. In middle-aged individuals, hypertension develops earlier and faster in women than in men, and smoking increases cardiovascular risk to a greater degree in women than it does in men. It is not only estrogen that affects female cardiovascular health and plays a protective role until menopause: other sex hormones such as progesterone and androgen hormones generate a complex balance that differentiates heart and blood vessel function in women compared to men. Estrogens improve vasodilation of epicardial coronary arteries and the coronary microvasculature by augmenting the release of vasodilating factors such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, which are mechanisms of coronary vasodilatation that are more pronounced in women compared to men. Estrogens are also powerful inhibitors of inflammation, which in part explains their protective effects on CVD and chronic renal disease. Emerging evidence suggests that sex chromosomes also play a significant role in shaping cardiovascular risk. The cardiovascular protection conferred by endogenous estrogens may be extended by hormone therapy, especially using bioidentical hormones and starting treatment early after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Bagheripour F, Jeddi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Metabolic effects of L-citrulline in type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13937. [PMID: 36645144 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is involved in the pathophysiology of T2D and its complications. L-citrulline (Cit), a precursor of NO production, has been suggested as a novel therapeutic agent for T2D. Available data from human and animal studies indicate that Cit supplementation in T2D increases circulating levels of Cit and L-arginine while decreasing circulating glucose and free fatty acids and improving dyslipidemia. The underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects of Cit include increased insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells, increased glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle, as well as increased lipolysis and β-oxidation, and decreased glyceroneogenesis in the adipose tissue. Thus, Cit has antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant effects and has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic agent in the management of T2D. This review summarizes available literature from human and animal studies to explore the effects of Cit on metabolic parameters in T2D. It also discusses the possible mechanisms underlying Cit-induced improved metabolic parameters in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheripour
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Nitric oxide signaling in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:2853-2878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Carbon monoxide and β-cell function: Implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115048. [PMID: 35460631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), a member of the multifunctional gasotransmitters family produced by heme oxygenases (i.e., HO-1 and HO-2), has received significant attention because of its involvement in carbohydrate metabolism. Experimental evidence indicates that both HO-2- and HO-1-derived CO stimulate insulin secretion, but the latter mainly acts as a compensatory response in pre-diabetes conditions. CO protects pancreatic β-cell against cytokine- and hypoxia-induced apoptosis and promotes β-cell regeneration. CO cross-talks with nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), other important gasotransmitters in carbohydrate metabolism, in regulating β-cell function and insulin secretion. These data speak in favor of the potential therapeutic application of CO in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and preventing the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes. Either CO (as both gaseous form and CO-releasing molecule) or pharmacological formulations made of natural HO inducers (i.e., bioactive components originating from plant-based foods) are potential candidates for developing CO-based therapeutics in T2DM. Future studies are needed to assess the safety/efficacy and potential therapeutic applications of CO in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10091, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou HL, Premont RT, Stamler JS. The manifold roles of protein S-nitrosylation in the life of insulin. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:111-128. [PMID: 34789923 PMCID: PMC8889587 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin triggers the uptake of glucose and fatty acids into the liver, adipose tissue and muscle, and promotes the storage of these nutrients in the form of glycogen and lipids. Dysregulation of insulin synthesis, secretion, transport, degradation or signal transduction all cause failure to take up and store nutrients, resulting in type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction. In this Review, we make the case that insulin signalling is intimately coupled to protein S-nitrosylation, in which nitric oxide groups are conjugated to cysteine thiols to form S-nitrosothiols, within effectors of insulin action. We discuss the role of S-nitrosylation in the life cycle of insulin, from its synthesis and secretion in pancreatic β-cells, to its signalling and degradation in target tissues. Finally, we consider how aberrant S-nitrosylation contributes to metabolic diseases, including the roles of human genetic mutations and cellular events that alter S-nitrosylation of insulin-regulating proteins. Given the growing influence of S-nitrosylation in cellular metabolism, the field of metabolic signalling could benefit from renewed focus on S-nitrosylation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Moreira LDSG, Fanton S, Cardozo L, Borges NA, Combet E, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. Pink pressure: beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) as a possible novel medical therapy for chronic kidney disease. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1041-1061. [PMID: 34613396 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifests with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis, resulting in metabolic disorders and elevated rates of cardiovascular disease-associated death. These all correlate with a high economic cost to healthcare systems. Growing evidence indicates that diet is an indispensable ally in the prevention and management of CKD and its complications. In this context, the root vegetable beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) deserves special attention because it is a source of several bioactive compounds, such as nitrate, betaine, and betalain, and has shown beneficial effects in CKD, including reduction of blood pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant actions by scavenging radical oxidative species, as observed in preclinical studies. Beetroot consumption as a possible therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical treatment of patients with CKD and future directions for clinical studies are addressed in this narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís de Souza Gouveia Moreira
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susane Fanton
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludmila Cardozo
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia A Borges
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Combet
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Human Nitric Oxide Synthase-Its Functions, Polymorphisms, and Inhibitors in the Context of Inflammation, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010056. [PMID: 33374571 PMCID: PMC7793075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In various diseases, there is an increased production of the free radicals needed to carry out certain physiological processes but their excessive amounts can cause oxidative stress and cell damage. Enzymes play a major role in the transformations associated with free radicals. One of them is nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO). This enzyme exists in three forms (NOS1, NOS2, NOS3), each encoded by a different gene. The following work presents the most important information on the NOS isoforms and their role in the human body, including NO synthesis in various tissues and cells, intercellular signaling and activities supporting the immune system and regulating blood vessel functions. The role of NOS in pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease is considered. Attention is also paid to the influence of the polymorphisms of these genes, encoding particular isoforms, on the development of these pathologies and the role of NOS inhibitors in the treatment of patients.
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Gheibi S, Ghasemi A. Insulin secretion: The nitric oxide controversy. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1227-1245. [PMID: 33088259 PMCID: PMC7573190 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that serves as a ubiquitous signaling molecule participating in physiological activities of various organ systems. Nitric oxide is produced in the endocrine pancreas and contributes to synthesis and secretion of insulin. The potential role of NO in insulin secretion is disputable - both stimulatory and inhibitory effects have been reported. Available data indicate that effects of NO critically depend on its concentration. Different isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) control this and have the potential to decrease or increase insulin secretion. In this review, the role of NO in insulin secretion as well as the possible reasons for discrepant findings are discussed. A better understanding of the role of NO system in the regulation of insulin secretion may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu F, Gong L, Qin W, Cui C, Chen L, Zhang M. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Attenuates Lipotoxicity-Induced Islet Dysfunction in ApoE -/- Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2701-2709. [PMID: 32801816 PMCID: PMC7395686 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s262479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) is known to decrease glucagon release and may be beneficial for the reduction of elevated blood glucose. However, its role and mechanism of action in diabetes remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the function of GLP1 and analyze the mechanism of effect that GLP1exerts on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in diabetic mice. METHODS A diabetes model was established in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with GLP1 and/or lentivirus-expressing PARP1. PARP1, iNOS, and inflammatory factors in islets were detected by Western blot and ELISA. Islet α cells and β cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected by immunostaining. Islet-cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. RESULTS GLP1 inhibited the expression of PARP1 and iNOS in islets, alleviated decrease in β cells, and suppressed cell apoptosis induced by the high-fat diet. Moreover, GLP1 recovered the decline in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in ApoE-/- mice fed the high-fat diet, and the effects of GLP1 were related to the inhibition of COX2 and NFκB expression. CONCLUSION GLP1 significantly alleviated the decrease in β-cell numbers, suppressed β-cell apoptosis induced by the high-fat diet, inhibited the expression of iNOS, and alleviated inflammatory islet injury via inhibiting the COX2-NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine and Health, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine and Health, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, JinanShandong250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine and Health, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine and Health, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, JinanShandong250012, People’s Republic of China
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Castex F, Leroy J, Broca C, Mezghenna K, Duranton F, Lavallard V, Lebreton F, Gross R, Wojtusciszyn A, Lajoix AD. Differential sensitivity of human islets from obese versus lean donors to chronic high glucose or palmitate. J Diabetes 2020; 12:532-541. [PMID: 32090456 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the shortage of multi-organ donors, human pancreatic islet transplantation has now been extended to islets originating from obese subjects. In this study, our aim is to compare the respective sensitivity of human islets from lean vs obese donors to chronic high glucose or high palmitate. METHODS Human islets were isolated from pancreases harvested from brain-dead multi-organ donors. Islets were cultured during 72 hours in the presence of moderate (16.7 mmol/L) or high (28 mmoL/L) glucose concentrations, or glucose (5.6 mmoL/L) and palmitate (0.4 mmoL/L), before measurement of their response to glucose. RESULTS We first observed a greater insulin response in islets from obese donors under both basal and high-glucose conditions, confirming their hyperresponsiveness to glucose. When islets from obese donors were cultured in the presence of moderate or high glucose concentrations, insulin response to glucose remained unchanged or was slightly reduced, as opposed to that observed in lean subjects. Moreover, culturing islets from obese donors with high palmitate also induced less reduction in insulin response to glucose than in lean subjects. This partial protection of obese islets is associated with less induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in islets, together with a greater expression of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in addition to an increased sensitivity to glucose, islets from obese subjects can be considered as more resistant to glucose and fatty acid excursions and are thus valuable candidates for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Castex
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremy Leroy
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Broca
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), University Montpellier, INSERM, University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karima Mezghenna
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Flore Duranton
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- RD Néphrologie, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - René Gross
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), University Montpellier, INSERM, University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Lajoix
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Shahraki ZS, Karbalaei N, Nemati M. Improving effect of combined inorganic nitrate and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on pancreatic oxidative stress and impaired insulin secretion in streptozotocin induced-diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:353-362. [PMID: 32550186 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary nitrate on secretory function of pancreatic islet and oxidative stress status in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetes in absence or presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). Methods Fifty adult male sprague-dawly rats were divided into 5 groups: controls (C), diabetes (D), diabetes+nitrate (DN), diabetes +L-NAME (D + Ln), and diabetes+nitrate+L-NAME (DN + Ln) for 45 days. The concentrations of sodium nitrate and L-NAME were respectively 80 mg/L in drinking water and 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Body weight gain, plasma levels of glucose and insulin, islet insulin secretion and content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in the pancreas of rats were determined. Results Compared to control group, the body weight gain and plasma insulin level were significantly decreased and plasma glucose and pancreatic NO and MDA concentrations and antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly increased in the STZ diabetic rats. In the diabetic rats, nitrate alone significantly reduced plasma glucose and increased pancreatic SOD and GPx activity. Reduced plasma glucose, pancreatic MDA and NO concentrations and increased plasma insulin level and pancreatic islet insulin secretion were observed in D + Ln and DN + Ln groups. Antioxidant enzymes activities were increased in diabetic rats which received combination of nitrate and L-NAME. Conclusions Our results showed that nitrate without effect on pancreatic islet insulin content and secretion decreased the blood glucose and slightly moderate oxidative stress and its effects in the presence of L-NAME on glucose hemostasis and pancreatic insulin secretion higher than those of nitrate alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabgard Shahraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nemati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Basmaeil Y, Rashid MA, Khatlani T, AlShabibi M, Bahattab E, Abdullah ML, Abomaray F, Kalionis B, Massoudi S, Abumaree M. Preconditioning of Human Decidua Basalis Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells with Glucose Increased Their Engraftment and Anti-diabetic Properties. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:209-222. [PMID: 32077075 PMCID: PMC7105536 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from the decidua basalis (DBMSCs) of the human placenta have important functions that make them potential candidates for cellular therapy. Previously, we showed that DBMSC functions do not change significantly in a high oxidative stress environment, which was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and immune cells. Here, we studied the consequences of glucose, another oxidative stress inducer, on the phenotypic and functional changes in DBMSCs. Methods: DBMSCs were exposed to a high level of glucose, and its effect on DBMSC phenotypic and functional properties was determined. DBMSC expression of oxidative stress and immune molecules after exposure to glucose were also identified. Results: Conditioning of DBMSCs with glucose improved their adhesion and invasion. Glucose also increased DBMSC expression of genes with survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, anti-inflammatory, anti-chemoattractant and antimicrobial properties. In addition, DBMSC expression of B7H4, an inhibitor of T cell proliferation was also enhanced by glucose. Interestingly, glucose modulated DBMSC expression of genes involved in insulin secretion and prevention of diabetes. Conclusion: These data show the potentially beneficial effects of glucose on DBMSC functions. Preconditioning of DBMSCs with glucose may therefore be a rational strategy for increasing their therapeutic potential by enhancing their engraftment efficiency. In addition, glucose may program DBMSCs into insulin producing cells with ability to counteract inflammation and infection associated with diabetes. However, future in vitro and in vivo studies are essential to investigate the findings of this study further. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13770-020-00239-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Basmaeil
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manar Al Rashid
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal AlShabibi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Bahattab
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshan L Abdullah
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center MNG-HA, Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Abomaray
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Safia Massoudi
- Department of Forensic Biology, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Khurais Rd, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, 14812, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abumaree
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 3124, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Role of Nitric Oxide in Insulin Secretion and Glucose Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:118-130. [PMID: 31690508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to carbohydrate metabolism and decreased NO bioavailability is involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). NO donors may improve insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in T2DM and insulin resistance (IR), suggesting the potential clinical importance of NO-based interventions. In this review, site-specific roles of the NO synthase (NOS)-NO pathway in carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. In addition, the metabolic effects of physiological low levels of NO produced by constitutive NOS (cNOS) versus pathological high levels of NO produced by inducible NOS (iNOS) in pancreatic β-cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells are summarized. A better understanding of the NOS-NO system in the regulation of glucose homeostasis can hopefully facilitate the development of new treatments for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Gheibi S, Samsonov AP, Gheibi S, Vazquez AB, Kashfi K. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: Implications in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113819. [PMID: 31972170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two gasotransmitters that are produced in the human body and have a key role in many of the physiological activities of the various organ systems. Decreased NO bioavailability and deficiency of H2S are involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Restoration of NO levels have favorable metabolic effects in diabetes. The role of H2S in pathophysiology of diabetes is however controversial; H2S production is decreased during development of obesity, diabetes, and its complications, suggesting the potential therapeutic effects of H2S. On the other hand, increased H2S levels disturb the pancreatic β-cell function and decrease insulin secretion. In addition, there appear to be important interactions between NO and H2S at the levels of both biosynthesis and signaling pathways, yet clear an insight into this relationship is lacking. H2S potentiates the effects of NO in the cardiovascular system as well as NO release from its storage pools. Likewise, NO increases the activity and the expression of H2S-generating enzymes. Inhibition of NO production leads to elimination/attenuation of the cardioprotective effects of H2S. Regarding the increasing interest in the therapeutic applications of NO or H2S-releasing molecules in a variety of diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular disorders, much is to be learned about their function in glucose/insulin metabolism, especially in diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the individual and the interactive roles of NO and H2S in carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Alan P Samsonov
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahsanam Gheibi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alexandra B Vazquez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Mohammed Al-Amily I, Lundquist I, Salehi A. Expression levels of enzymes generating NO and CO in islets of murine and human diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:473-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Ghorbani A, Rashidi R, Shafiee-Nick R. Flavonoids for preserving pancreatic beta cell survival and function: A mechanistic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:947-957. [PMID: 30841474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the currently available antidiabetic medications are effective in managing hyperglycemia, vascular complications are common in diabetic patients. Cohort studies have shown preserved beta cell function has a protective role against the development of diabetic complications. Accordingly, beta cell mass and function are important pharmacological targets in the field of diabetes. Growing number of evidence supports the efficacy of flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and epicatechin) for prevention and attenuation of diabetes consequences. The focus of this paper is to give an overview regarding the effects of flavonoids on pancreatic beta cells. Experiments on insulin-releasing cell lines, isolated pancreatic islets, and diabetic animal models have shown that flavonoids strengthen the survival processes and insulin secretory capacity of beta cells. The proposed mechanisms by which flavonoids preserve beta cells survival (against cytokines, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity) include inhibition of NF-κB signaling, activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, inhibition of nitric oxide generation, and decrease of reactive oxygen species levels. Improving mitochondrial bioenergetic function and stimulating pathways of insulin secretion (e.g., PLC/PKC and/or cAMP/PKA signaling) are mechanisms by which flavonoids improve the secretory capacity of beta cells. These beneficial effects of flavonoids are of great importance because may protect beta cells of diabetic patients before dramatic dysfunction and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Rashidi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Shafiee-Nick
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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Som S, Dutta Banik G, Maity A, Chaudhuri S, Pradhan M. Exhaled nitric oxide as a potential marker for detecting non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease. J Breath Res 2018; 12:026005. [PMID: 28947681 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa8efb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in the development of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Conversely, the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach and contributes to the development of non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and PUD. However, the underlying relation between molecular NO in exhaled breath and H. pylori-associated NUD and PUD remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the excretion kinetics of NO profiles in exhaled breath are altered markedly in H. pylori-infected NUD and PUD subjects. In our observations, PUD led to considerably higher enrichments of NO in exhaled breath compared to NUD, thus revealing a potential link between exhaled NO and ulcer and non-ulcer complications. Our findings therefore suggest that molecular NO in exhaled breath could be used as a potential biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and selective differentiation of NUD from PUD. Our observations also highlight that alterations of NO in the gastric environment can play an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers and thus may provide a new strategy for precise evolution of the actual disease state without the need for endoscopic biopsy, even after the eradication of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Som
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-Molecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata-700106, India
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18
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Ivovic A, Oprescu AI, Koulajian K, Mori Y, Eversley JA, Zhang L, Nino-Fong R, Lewis GF, Donath MY, Karin M, Wheeler MB, Ehses J, Volchuk A, Chan CB, Giacca A. IKKβ inhibition prevents fat-induced beta cell dysfunction in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2021-2032. [PMID: 28725915 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously shown that oxidative stress plays a causal role in beta cell dysfunction induced by fat. Here, we address whether the proinflammatory kinase inhibitor of (nuclear factor) κB kinase β (IKKβ), which is activated by oxidative stress, is also implicated. METHODS Fat (oleate or olive oil) was infused intravenously in Wistar rats for 48 h with or without the IKKβ inhibitor salicylate. Thereafter, beta cell function was evaluated in vivo using hyperglycaemic clamps or ex vivo in islets isolated from fat-treated rats. We also exposed rat islets to oleate in culture, with or without salicylate and 4(2'-aminoethyl)amino-1,8-dimethylimidazo(1,2-a)quinoxaline; BMS-345541 (BMS, another inhibitor of IKKβ) and evaluated beta cell function in vitro. Furthermore, oleate was infused in mice treated with BMS and in beta cell-specific Ikkb-null mice. RESULTS 48 h infusion of fat impaired beta-cell function in vivo, assessed using the disposition index (DI), in rats (saline: 1.41 ± 0.13; oleate: 0.95 ± 0.11; olive oil [OLO]: 0.87 ± 0.15; p < 0.01 for both fats vs saline) and in mice (saline: 2.51 ± 0.39; oleate: 1.20 ± 0.19; p < 0.01 vs saline) and ex vivo (i.e., insulin secretion, units are pmol insulin islet-1 h-1) in rat islets (saline: 1.51 ± 0.13; oleate: 1.03 ± 0.10; OLO: 0.91 ± 0.13; p < 0.001 for both fats vs saline) and the dysfunction was prevented by co-infusion of salicylate in rats (oleate + salicylate: 1.30 ± 0.09; OLO + salicylate: 1.33 ± 0.23) or BMS in mice (oleate + BMS: 2.25 ± 0.42) in vivo and by salicylate in rat islets ex vivo (oleate + salicylate: 1.74 ± 0.31; OLO + salicylate: 1.54 ± 0.29). In cultured islets, 48 h exposure to oleate impaired beta-cell function ([in pmol insulin islet-1 h-1] control: 0.66 ± 0.12; oleate: 0.23 ± 0.03; p < 0.01 vs saline), an effect prevented by both inhibitors (oleate + salicylate: 0.98 ± 0.08; oleate + BMS: 0.50 ± 0.02). Genetic inhibition of IKKβ also prevented fat-induced beta-cell dysfunction ex vivo ([in pmol insulin islet-1 h-1] control saline: 0.16 ± 0.02; control oleate: 0.10 ± 0.02; knockout oleate: 0.17 ± 0.04; p < 0.05 control saline vs. control oleate) and in vivo (DI: control saline: 3.86 ± 0.40; control oleate: 1.95 ± 0.29; knockout oleate: 2.96 ± 0.24; p < 0.01 control saline vs control oleate). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate a causal role for IKKβ in fat-induced beta cell dysfunction in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Andrei I Oprescu
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khajag Koulajian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Liling Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodolfo Nino-Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Jan Ehses
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8.
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lipina C, Hundal HS. The endocannabinoid system: 'NO' longer anonymous in the control of nitrergic signalling? J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 9:91-103. [PMID: 28130308 PMCID: PMC5439392 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a key cellular signalling system that has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular functions. Importantly, growing evidence suggests that the biological actions of the ECS may, in part, be mediated through its ability to regulate the production and/or release of nitric oxide, a ubiquitous bioactive molecule, which functions as a versatile signalling intermediate. Herein, we review and discuss evidence pertaining to ECS-mediated regulation of nitric oxide production, as well as the involvement of reactive nitrogen species in regulating ECS-induced signal transduction by highlighting emerging work supporting nitrergic modulation of ECS function. Importantly, the studies outlined reveal that interactions between the ECS and nitrergic signalling systems can be both stimulatory and inhibitory in nature, depending on cellular context. Moreover, such crosstalk may act to maintain proper cell function, whereas abnormalities in either system can undermine cellular homoeostasis and contribute to various pathologies associated with their dysregulation. Consequently, future studies targeting these signalling systems may provide new insights into the potential role of the ECS–nitric oxide signalling axis in disease development and/or lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of nitrosative stress-related neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, UK
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, UK
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20
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Lundquist I, Mohammed Al-Amily I, Meidute Abaraviciene S, Salehi A. Metformin Ameliorates Dysfunctional Traits of Glibenclamide- and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion by Suppression of Imposed Overactivity of the Islet Nitric Oxide Synthase-NO System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165668. [PMID: 27820841 PMCID: PMC5098820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin lowers diabetic blood glucose primarily by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral glucose uptake. However, possible effects by metformin on beta-cell function are incompletely understood. We speculated that metformin might positively influence insulin secretion through impacting the beta-cell nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-NO system, a negative modulator of glucose-stimulated insulin release. In short-time incubations with isolated murine islets either glibenclamide or high glucose augmented insulin release associated with increased NO production from both neural and inducible NOS. Metformin addition suppressed the augmented NO generation coinciding with amplified insulin release. Islet culturing with glibenclamide or high glucose revealed pronounced fluorescence of inducible NOS in the beta-cells being abolished by metformin co-culturing. These findings were reflected in medium nitrite-nitrate levels. A glucose challenge following islet culturing with glibenclamide or high glucose revealed markedly impaired insulin response. Metformin co-culturing restored this response. Culturing murine islets and human islets from controls and type 2 diabetics with high glucose or high glucose + glibenclamide induced a pronounced decrease of cell viability being remarkably restored by metformin co-culturing. We show here, that imposed overactivity of the beta-cell NOS-NO system by glibenclamide or high glucose leads to insulin secretory dysfunction and reduced cell viability and also, importantly, that these effects are relieved by metformin inhibiting beta-cell NO overproduction from both neural and inducible NOS thus ameliorating a concealed negative influence by NO induced by sulfonylurea treatment and/or high glucose levels. This double-edged effect of glibenclamide on the beta-cellsuggests sulfonylurea monotherapy in type 2 diabetes being avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Lundquist
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Israa Mohammed Al-Amily
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Meidute Abaraviciene
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Dept. of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine Vilnius University, and Dep. of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Science, SUS, Division of Islet Cell Physiology University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Reduced insulin secretion function is associated with pancreatic islet redistribution of cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) in diabetic mice after prolonged high-fat diet. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:13-31. [PMID: 27020567 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular junctions play a role in regulating islet cytoarchitecture, insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In this study, we investigated the animal metabolic state as well as islet histology and cellular distribution/expression of CAMs and F-actin in the endocrine pancreas of C57BL/6/JUnib mice fed a high-fat diet (HFd) for a prolonged time period (8 months). Mice fed a HFd became obese and type 2 diabetic, displaying significant peripheral insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and moderate hyperinsulinemia. Isolated islets of HFd-fed mice displayed a significant impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion associated with a diminished frequency of intracellular calcium oscillations compared with control islets. No marked change in islet morphology and cytoarchitecture was observed; however, HFd-fed mice showed higher beta cell relative area in comparison with controls. As shown by immunohistochemistry, ZO-1, E-, N-cadherins, α- and β-catenins were expressed at the intercellular contact site of endocrine cells, while VE-cadherin, as well as ZO-1, was found at islet vascular compartment. Redistribution of N-, E-cadherins and α-catenin (from the contact region to the cytoplasm in endocrine cells) associated with increased submembranous F-actin cell level as well as increased VE-cadherin islet immunolabeling was observed in diabetic mice. Increased gene expression of VE-cadherin and ZO-1, but no change for the other proteins, was observed in islets of diabetic mice. Only in the case of VE-cadherin, a significant increase in islet content of this CAM was detected by immunoblotting in diabetic mice. In conclusion, CAMs are expressed by endocrine and endothelial cells of pancreatic islets. The distribution/expression of N-, E- and VE-cadherins as well as α-catenin and F-actin is significantly altered in islet cells of obese and diabetic mice.
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Leite NDC, Montes EG, Fisher SV, Cancian CRC, de Oliveira JC, Martins-Pinge MC, Kanunfre CC, Souza KLA, Grassiolli S. Splenectomy attenuates obesity and decreases insulin hypersecretion in hypothalamic obese rats. Metabolism 2015; 64:1122-33. [PMID: 26026366 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-induced abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, are frequently correlated with low-grade inflammation, a process that may depend on normal spleen function. This study investigated the role of the spleen in the obesity induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment. MATERIALS/METHODS MSG-obese and lean control (CON) rats were subjected to splenectomy (SPL) or non-operated (NO). RESULTS MSG-NO rats presented a high adipose tissue content, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and islet hypersecretion, accompanied by hypertrophy of both pancreatic islets and adipocytes when compared with CON-NO rats. In addition, changes in nitric oxide response were found in islets from the MSG-NO group without associated alterations in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or IL1β expression. MSG-NO also presented increased leukocyte counts and augmented LPS-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages. Splenectomy of MSG-obese animals decreased insulin hypersecretion, normalized the nitric oxide response in the pancreatic islets, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hypertrophy of both adipocytes and islets, when compared with MSG-NO rats. CONCLUSION Results show that splenectomy attenuates the progression of the obesity modulating pancreas functions in MSG-obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara de Carvalho Leite
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Stefani Valéria Fisher
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Cristine Kanunfre
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Kleber Luiz Araujo Souza
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF/Polo Xerém), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
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Wang T, Sun P, Chen L, Huang Q, Chen K, Jia Q, Li Y, Wang H. Cinnamtannin D-1 protects pancreatic β-cells from palmitic acid-induced apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5038-5045. [PMID: 24815044 DOI: 10.1021/jf500387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, A-type procyanidin oligomers isolated from Cinnamomum tamala were proved to possess antidiabetic effect and protect pancreatic β-cells in vivo. The aim of this study was to unveil the mechanisms of protecting pancreatic β-cells from palmitic acid-induced apoptosis by cinnamtannin D-1 (CD1), one of the main A-type procyanidin oligomers in C. tamala. CD1 was discovered to dose-dependently reduce palmitic acid- or H2O2-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in INS-1 cells, MIN6 cells, and primary cultured murine islets. Moreover, CD1 could reverse palmitic acid-induced dysfunction of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in primary cultured islets. These results indicate that reduction of apoptosis and oxidative stress might account for the protection effect of CD1, which provided a better understanding of the mechanisms of the antidiabetic effects of procyanidin oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
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Kurohane Kaneko Y, Ishikawa T. Dual role of nitric oxide in pancreatic β-cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:295-300. [PMID: 24285083 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r10cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An involvement of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) in pancreatic β-cell degeneration during the process of type 1 diabetes has been well discussed. Recently, there is growing evidence for pivotal roles of constitutive NOS (cNOS) in β-cells; the presence of NOS1 and NOS3 in pancreatic β-cells and the effects of low-concentration NO, which is assumed to be derived from cNOS, on β-cell functions have been reported. However, the roles of cNOS-derived NO in β-cells are still under debate. One of the reasons seems to be that NO has multiple biological activities, which are dependent on its concentration. In β-cells, NO has been shown to exert positive and negative regulation of insulin secretion and anti- and pro-apoptotic activities, which is likely to be dependent on concentrations. In this review article, we will describe the current understanding of the roles of NO in pancreatic β-cells, especially focusing on cNOS-derived NO and its differential roles depending on concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kurohane Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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25
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Li JC, Shen XF, Meng XL. A traditional Chinese medicine JiuHuangLian (Rhizoma coptidis steamed with rice wine) reduces oxidative stress injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:222-9. [PMID: 23791751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and oxidative stress mediated β-cell injury are the initial factors of diabetes pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that JiuHuangLian (JHL, Rhizoma Coptidis steamed with rice wine) is an effective agent on diabetes treatment. In present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and lightening β-cell injury of JHL in streptozotocin and a high-glucose/high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats. After 30 days treatment with JHL, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance of diabetic rats were improved significantly. JHL also could decrease fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, increase insulin level and insulin sensitivity index. Moreover, lipid metabolism disorder also adjusted, which manifested as decreased total cholesterol, total glyceride and free fatty acid levels. Meanwhile, a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were observed in JHL treated rats, oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide also were decreased by JHL treatment. Furthermore, low expression of caspase-3 were shown in pancreatic immunohistochemistry of JHL treated rats, which exhibited anti-apoptosis effect of β-cell. The histological evidence suggests that JHL effectively rescues the islet atrophied from oxidative stress-mediated β-cell damage. These findings demonstrate the β-cell functional protective nature of JHL by attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting β-cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-chuan Li
- Institute of Ethnomedicine, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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26
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Hasegawa K, Wakino S, Kimoto M, Minakuchi H, Fujimura K, Hosoya K, Komatsu M, Kaneko Y, Kanda T, Tokuyama H, Hayashi K, Itoh H. The hydrolase DDAH2 enhances pancreatic insulin secretion by transcriptional regulation of secretagogin through a Sirt1-dependent mechanism in mice. FASEB J 2013; 27:2301-15. [PMID: 23430976 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in glucose metabolism is unknown. Here, we generated DDAH2 transgenic (Tg) mice. These mice had lower plasma glucose levels (60 min: 298±32 vs. 418±35 mg/dl; 120 min: 205±15 vs. 284±20 mg/dl) and higher insulin levels (15 min: 2.1±0.2 vs. 1.5±0.1 ng/ml; 30 min: 1.8±0.1 vs. 1.5±0.1 ng/ml) during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared with HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was increased in Tg islets by 33%. Pancreatic asymmetrical dimethylarginine, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress levels were not correlated with improvements in insulin secretion in Tg mice. Secretagogin, an insulin vesicle docking protein, was up-regulated by 2.7-fold in Tg mice and in pancreatic MIN-6 cells overexpressing DDAH2. GSIS in MIN-6 cells was dependent on DDAH2-induced secretagogin expression. Pancreatic Sirt1, DDAH2, and secretagogin were down-regulated in HFD-fed WT mice by 70, 75, and 85%, respectively. Overexpression of Sirt1 overexpression by 3.9-fold increased DDAH2 and secretagogin expression in MIN-6 cells by 3.2- and 2.5-fold, respectively. DDAH2 overexpression improved GSIS in pancreas-specific Sirt1-deficient mice. In summary, the Sirt1/DDAH2/secretagogin pathway is a novel regulator of GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Muhammed SJ, Lundquist I, Salehi A. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, expression of iNOS and the effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in human pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:1010-9. [PMID: 22687049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pancreatic islets leads to exaggerated nitric oxide (NO) production associated with dysfunctional β-cells. We examined insulin secretion, iNOS expression and its relationship to the cAMP system in islets from human type 2 diabetes. METHODS Insulin, glucagon and cAMP were analysed by RIA; iNOS or phosphodiesterase (PDE) expression by quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot and confocal microscopy; cell viability by MTS. RESULTS Diabetic islets displayed impaired insulin and glucagon responses to glucose, disturbed cAMP generation and high inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein expression. Confocal microscopy showed iNOS protein expression in diabetic islets being confined to insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells. Culture of diabetic islets at 5.5 mmol/l glucose with dibutyryl-cAMP (Bt(2) -cAMP) for 24 h was accompanied by marked suppression of iNOS mRNA, reduced nitrite production and increased insulin secretion. Diabetic islets displayed marked increase in PDE3A and PDE3B mRNA expression. Short-time incubation of diabetic islets showed, among the PDE inhibitors tested, cilostazol being most favourable to increase insulin secretion. Diabetic islets were most susceptible to long-term (72 h) culture at high glucose (20 mmol/l) reacting with increased apoptosis. Bt(2) -cAMP and the PDE inhibitors cilostazol, milrinone and IBMX efficiently increased cell viability at high glucose during culture. Defective glucose-stimulated insulin release upon induction of iNOS was restored by iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in islets from type 2 diabetes, stimulatory effects in certain cAMP-compartments induced by PDE inhibitors might play a central role in the suppression of iNOS, resulting in increased β-cell viability and improved secretory response to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Muhammed
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Endocrine Pharmacology, SUS, Malmö, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden.
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Wiseman DA, Thurmond DC. The good and bad effects of cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration upon insulin exocytosis: a balancing act. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012; 8:303-15. [PMID: 22587517 PMCID: PMC3571098 DOI: 10.2174/157339912800840514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As understanding of the mechanisms driving and regulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells grows, there is increasing and compelling evidence that nitric oxide (•NO) and other closely-related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in this exocytic process. •NO and associated RNS, in particular peroxynitrite, possess the capability to effect signals across both intracellular and extracellular compartments in rapid fashion, affording extraordinary signaling potential. It is well established that nitric oxide signals through activation of guanylate cyclase-mediated production of cyclic GMP. The intricate intracellular redox environment, however, lends credence to the possibility that •NO and peroxynitrite could interact with a wider variety of biological targets, with two leading mechanisms involving 1) Snitrosylation of cysteine, and 2) nitration of tyrosine residues comprised within a variety of proteins. Efforts aimed at delineating the specific roles of •NO and peroxynitrite in regulated insulin secretion indicate that a highly-complex and nuanced system exists, with evidence that •NO and peroxynitrite can contribute in both positive and negative regulatory ways in beta cells. Furthermore, the ultimate biochemical outcome within beta cells, whether to compensate and recover from a given stress, or not, is likely a summation of contributory signals and redox status. Such seeming regulatory dichotomy provides ample opportunity for these mechanisms to serve both physiological and pathophysiologic roles in onset and progression of diabetes. This review focuses attention upon recent accumulating evidence pointing to roles for nitric oxide induced post-translational modifications in the normal regulation as well as the dysfunction of beta cell insulin exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Wiseman
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center, Basic Diabetes Group, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Address correspondence to this author at the 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA; Tel: 317-274-1551; Fax: 317-274-4107: and
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center, Basic Diabetes Group, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indian University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Address correspondence to this author at the 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031, Indianapolis IN 46202, USA; Tel: 317-274-1551; Fax: 317-274-4107: and
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Bedoya FJ, Salguero-Aranda C, Cahuana GM, Tapia-Limonchi R, Soria B, Tejedo JR. Regulation of pancreatic β-cell survival by nitric oxide: clinical relevance. Islets 2012; 4:108-18. [PMID: 22614339 DOI: 10.4161/isl.19822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of pancreatic β-cell mass is an important factor in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the maintenance of pancreatic β-cell mass as well as β-cell death is necessary for the establishment of therapeutic strategies. In this context, nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic, gaseous, highly reactive molecule with biological activity that participates in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass. Two types of cellular responses can be distinguished depending on the level of NO production. First, pancreatic β-cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines, lipid stress or hyperglycaemia produce high concentrations of NO, mainly due to the activation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), thus promoting cell death. Meanwhile, under homeostatic conditions, low concentrations of NO, constitutively produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), promote cell survival. Here, we will discuss the current knowledge of the NO-dependent mechanisms activated during cellular responses, emphasizing those related to the regulation of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Bedoya
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University Pablo de Olavide, CIBERDEM, RED-TERCEL, Seville, Spain
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Chrestensen CA, McMurry JL, Salerno JC. MAP kinases bind endothelial nitric oxide synthase. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:51-5. [PMID: 23650581 PMCID: PMC3642102 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contains a motif similar to recognition sequences in known MAPK binding partners. In optical biosensing experiments, eNOS bound p38 and ERK with ∼100 nM affinity and complex kinetics. Binding is diffusion-limited (kon ∼ .15 × 106 M−1 s−1). Neuronal NOS also bound p38 but exhibited much slower and weaker binding. p38-eNOS binding was inhibited by calmodulin. Evidence for a ternary complex was found when eNOS bound p38 was exposed to CaM, increasing the apparent dissociation rate. These observations strongly suggest a direct role for MAPK in regulation of NOS with implications for signaling pathways including angiogenesis and control of vascular tone.
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Key Words
- AI, autoinhibitory element of nitric oxide synthase
- ATF, activating transcription factor
- Akt, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (a.k.a, protein kinase B)
- BAEC, bovine aortic endothelial cells
- CaM, calmodulin
- ERK
- ERK1/2, mitogen activated protein kinase 1 and 2
- MAP kinase
- MEF, myocyte enhancer factor
- MK or MAPKAP kinase, mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase
- Nitric oxide synthase
- Optical biosensing
- PKA, protein kinase A
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase
- p38
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Chrestensen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144-1203, USA
| | - Jonathan L. McMurry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144-1203, USA
| | - John C. Salerno
- Department of Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144-1203, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Biology, MB #1202, 1000 Chastain Rd., Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA. Fax: +1 770 423 6625.
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Eckersten D, Henningsson R. Nitric oxide (NO)--production and regulation of insulin secretion in islets of freely fed and fasted mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 174:32-7. [PMID: 22120830 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Production of nitric oxide through the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been detected in the islets of Langerhans. The inducible isoform of NOS (iNOS) is induced by cytokines and might contribute to the development of type-1 diabetes, while the constitutive isoform (cNOS) is thought to be implicated in the physiological regulation of insulin secretion. In the present study we have detected and quantified islet cNOS- and iNOS-derived NO production concomitant with measuring its influence on insulin secretion in the presence of different secretagogues: glucose, L-arginine, L-leucine and α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) both during fasting and freely fed conditions. In intact islets from freely fed mice both cNOS- and iNOS-activity was greatly increased by glucose (20 mmol/l). Fasting induced islet iNOS activity at both physiological (7 mmol/l) and high (20 mmol/l) glucose concentrations. NOS blockade increased insulin secretion both during freely fed conditions and after fasting. L-arginine stimulated islet cNOS activity and did not affect islet iNOS activity. l-leucine or KIC, known to enter the TCA cycle without affecting glycolysis, did not affect either islet cNOS- or iNOS activity. Accordingly, insulin secretion stimulated by L-leucine or KIC was unaffected by addition of L-NAME both during feeding and fasting. We conclude that both high glucose concentrations and fasting increase islet total NO production (mostly iNOS derived) which inhibit insulin secretion. The insulin secretagogues L-leucine and KIC, which do not affect glycolysis, do not interfere with the islet NO-NOS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Eckersten
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Skane University Hospital, Sweden
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Jimenez-Feltstrom J, Salehi A, Meidute Abaraviciene S, Henningsson R, Lundquist I. Abnormally decreased NO and augmented CO production in islets of the leptin-deficient ob/ob mouse might contribute to explain hyperinsulinemia and islet survival in leptin-resistant type 2 obese diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 170:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ding SY, Nkobena A, Kraft CA, Markwardt ML, Rizzo MA. Glucagon-like peptide 1 stimulates post-translational activation of glucokinase in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16768-74. [PMID: 21454584 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.192799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, yet does not directly stimulate secretion. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Here, we report that GLP-1 augments glucose-dependent rises in NAD(P)H autofluorescence in both βTC3 insulinoma cells and islets in a manner consistent with post-translational activation of glucokinase (GCK). GLP-1 treatment increased GCK activity and enhanced GCK S-nitrosylation in βTC3 cells. A 2-fold increase in S-nitrosylated GCK was also observed in mouse islets. Furthermore, GLP-1 activated a FRET-based GCK reporter in living cells. Activation of this reporter was sensitive to inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), and incorporating the S-nitrosylation-blocking V367M mutation into this sensor prevented activation by GLP-1. GLP-1 potentiation of the glucose-dependent increase in islet NAD(P)H autofluorescence was also sensitive to a NOS inhibitor, whereas NOS inhibition did not affect the response to glucose alone. Expression of the GCK(V367M) mutant also blocked GLP-1 potentiation of the NAD(P)H response to glucose in βTC3 cells, but did not significantly affect metabolism of glucose in the absence of GLP-1. Co-expression of WT or mutant GCK proteins with a sensor for insulin secretory granule fusion also revealed that blockade of post-translational GCK S-nitrosylation diminished the effects of GLP-1 on granule exocytosis by ∼40% in βTC3 cells. These results suggest that post-translational activation of GCK is an important mechanism for mediating the insulinotropic effects of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Ding
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The physiologic significance of the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway in islets is unclear. We hypothesized that cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) is directly involved in the secretion of islet hormones and glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Gene-targeted mice that lack cGKI in islets (conventional cGKI mutants and cGKIα and Iβ rescue mice [α/βRM] that express cGKI only in smooth muscle) were studied in comparison to control (CTR) mice. cGKI expression was mapped in the endocrine pancreas by Western blot, immuno-histochemistry, and islet-specific recombination analysis. Insulin, glucagon secretion, and cytosolic Ca²(+) ([Ca²(+)](i)) were assayed by radioimmunoassay and FURA-2 measurements, respectively. Serum levels of islet hormones were analyzed at fasting and upon glucose challenge (2 g/kg) in vivo. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that cGKI is present in α- but not in β-cells in islets of Langerhans. Mice that lack α-cell cGKI had significantly elevated fasting glucose and glucagon levels, whereas serum insulin levels were unchanged. High glucose concentrations strongly suppressed the glucagon release in CTR mice, but had only a moderate effect on islets that lacked cGKI. 8-Br-cGMP reduced stimulated [Ca²(+)](i) levels and glucagon release rates of CTR islets at 0.5 mmol/l glucose, but was without effect on [Ca²(+)](i) or hormone release in cGKI-deficient islets. CONCLUSIONS We propose that cGKI modulates glucagon release by suppression of [Ca²(+)](i) in α-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Leiss
- FOR 923, Technische Universität München, München, Germany, and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Abteilung Pharmakologie und Experimentelle Therapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Lehrstuhl für Physiologie I, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Welling
- FOR 923, Technische Universität München, München, Germany, and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Franz Hofmann
- FOR 923, Technische Universität München, München, Germany, and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- FOR 923, Technische Universität München, München, Germany, and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Corresponding author: Robert Lukowski,
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Bachar E, Ariav Y, Cerasi E, Kaiser N, Leibowitz G. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase protects the pancreatic beta cell from glucolipotoxicity-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2177-87. [PMID: 20596694 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cytokines stimulate nitric oxide production in pancreatic beta cells, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Treatment of beta cells with glucose and NEFA induces nitric oxide synthase (NOS) as well as ER stress. However, the role of NO in glucolipotoxicity-induced ER stress in beta cells is not clear. METHODS We studied the effect of high glucose and palmitate levels on NOS isoform production in rat and Psammomys obesus islets and in insulinoma-1E beta cells. The effects of neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibition by small interfering RNA or by N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on beta cell function, ER stress and apoptosis under conditions of glucolipotoxicity were investigated. RESULTS Overnight incubation of rat and P. obesus islets at 22.2 mmol/l glucose with 0.5 mmol/l palmitate induced the production of nNOS but not inducible NOS (iNOS), in contrast with the robust stimulation of iNOS by cytokines. NOS inhibition by L-NAME did not prevent the decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and proinsulin biosynthesis or the depletion of islet insulin content observed under conditions of glucolipotoxicity. Moreover, treatment of beta cells with palmitate and L-NAME together resulted in marked activation of the IRE1alpha and PERK pathways of the unfolded protein response. This was associated with increased JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis in islets and beta cells. Moreover, partial nNos knockdown increased JNK phosphorylation and CHOP production, leading to apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In beta cells subjected to glucolipotoxic conditions, chronic inhibition of NOS exacerbates ER stress and activates JNK. Therefore, induction of nNOS is an adaptive response to glucolipotoxicity that protects beta cells from stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bachar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Leshem-Lev D, Hochhauser E, Chanyshev B, Isak A, Shainberg A. Adenosine A1 and A3 receptor agonists reduce hypoxic injury through the involvement of P38 MAPK. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 345:153-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Expression pattern of thermogenesis-related factors in interscapular brown adipose tissue of alloxan-treated rats: Beneficial effect of l-arginine. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Drews G, Krippeit-Drews P, Düfer M. Oxidative stress and beta-cell dysfunction. Pflugers Arch 2010; 460:703-18. [PMID: 20652307 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 (T1DM and T2DM) are complex multifactorial diseases. Loss of beta-cell function caused by reduced secretory capacity and enhanced apoptosis is a key event in the pathogenesis of both diabetes types. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is critically involved in the impairment of beta-cell function during the development of diabetes. Because of their low antioxidant capacity, beta-cells are extremely sensitive towards oxidative stress. In beta-cells, important targets for an oxidant insult are cell metabolism and K(ATP) channels. The oxidant-evoked alterations of K(ATP) channel activity seem to be critical for oxidant-induced dysfunction because genetic ablation of K(ATP) channels attenuates the effects of oxidative stress on beta-cell function. Besides the effects on metabolism, interference of oxidants with mitochondria induces key events in apoptosis. Consequently, increasing antioxidant defence is a promising strategy to delay beta cell failure in (pre)-diabetic patients or during islet transplantation. Knock-out of K(ATP) channels has beneficial effects on oxidant-induced inhibition of insulin secretion and cell death. Interestingly, these effects can be mimicked by sulfonylureas that have been used in the treatment of T2DM for many years. Loss of functional K(ATP) channels leads to up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, a process that depends on cytosolic Ca(2+). These observations are of great importance for clinical intervention because they show a possibility to protect beta-cells at an early stage before dramatic changes of the secretory capacity and loss of cell mass become manifest and lead to glucose intolerance or even overt diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Drews
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, Germany.
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Lyle DB, Shallcross JC, Langone JJ. Sensitivity of insulin production from encapsulated islets to endotoxin-stimulated macrophage inflammatory mediators. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:1221-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Pancreatic islets are highly vascularized micro-organs. Approximately 10% of an islet consists of blood vessels. The induction and maintenance of the islet vascular system depend on VEGF secreted from β-cells. VEGF is also critical for the phenotype of the islet vasculature by induction of a vast number of fenestrae. The islet vasculature serves the role of supplying the endocrine cells with oxygen and nutrients, but may also be important for proper glucose sensing of the cells, for paracrine support of endocrine function and growth, and for drainage of metabolites and secreted islet hormones into the systemic circulation. Emerging evidence suggests an important role of islet endothelial cells to maintain β-cell function and growth by secretion of molecules such as hepatocyte growth factor, thrombospondin-1 and laminins, thereby forming a vascular niche for the endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Olerud
- a Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- a Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- b Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden and Department of Medical Cell Biology, Husargatan 3, Box 571, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Meidute-Abaraviciene S, Mosen H, Lundquist I, Salehi A. Imidazoline-induced amplification of glucose- and carbachol-stimulated insulin release includes a marked suppression of islet nitric oxide generation in the mouse. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 195:375-83. [PMID: 18764864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of islet nitric oxide (NO) production in insulin-releasing mechanisms is unclear. We examined whether the beneficial effects of the imidazoline derivative RX 871024 (RX) on beta-cell function might be related to perturbations of islet NO production. METHODS Experiments were performed with isolated islets or intact mice challenged with glucose or carbachol with or without RX treatment. Insulin was determined with radioimmunoassay, NO generation with high-performance liquid chromatography and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) with confocal microscopy. RESULTS RX treatment, in doses lacking effects on basal insulin, greatly amplified insulin release stimulated by the NO-generating secretagogues glucose and carbachol both in vitro and in vivo. RX also improved the glucose tolerance curve. Islets incubated at high glucose levels (20 mmol L(-1)) displayed increased NO production derived from both neuronal constitutive NO synthase (ncNOS) and iNOS. RX abrogated this glucose-induced NO production concomitant with amplification of insulin release. Confocal microscopy revealed abundant iNOS expression in beta cells after incubation of islets at high but not low glucose levels. This was abolished after RX treatment. Similarly, islets cultured for 24 h at high glucose levels showed intense iNOS expression in beta cells. This was abrogated with RX and followed by an amplified glucose-induced insulin release. CONCLUSION RX effectively counteracts the negative impact of beta-cell NO generation on insulin release stimulated by glucose and carbachol suggesting imidazoline compounds by virtue of NOS inhibitory properties being of potential therapeutic value for treatment of beta-cell dysfunction in hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meidute-Abaraviciene
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Endocrine Pharmacology, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden.
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Qader S. The role of nitric oxide synthase in post-operative hyperglycaemia. Libyan J Med 2008; 3:144-7. [PMID: 21516149 PMCID: PMC3074270 DOI: 10.4176/080416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-operative hyperglycaemia is important with regard to outcomes of surgical operations. It affects post-operative morbidity, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Poor peri-operative blood glucose control leads to a higher risk of post-operative complication. Insulin resistance as a cause of post-operative hyperglycaemia has been blamed for some time. Nitric Oxide (NO) is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoenzymes. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is not a normal cellular constitute. It is expressed by cytokines and non-cytokines e.g. fasting, trauma, intravenous glucose, and lipid infusion, which are encountered in surgical operations. Review of current published data on postoperative hyperglycaemia was completed. Our studies and others were explored for the possible role of NO in this scenario. Induction and expression of iNOS enzyme in pancreatic islet cells is included in the chaotic postoperative blood glucose control. The high concentrations of iNOS derived NO are toxic to pancreatic β-cells and may inhibit insulin secretion postoperatively. Hence, current peri-operative management is questionable regarding post-operative hyperglycaemia and necessitates development of a new strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ss Qader
- Department of Surgery, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq and Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the GK rat is associated with abnormalities in islet nitric oxide production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 151:139-46. [PMID: 18662725 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated implications of nitric oxide (NO) derived from islet neuronal constitutive NO synthase (ncNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) on insulin secretory mechanisms in the mildly diabetic GK rat. Islets from GK rats and Wistar controls were analysed for ncNOS and iNOS by HPLC, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry in relation to insulin secretion stimulated by glucose or l-arginine in vitro and in vivo. No obvious difference in ncNOS fluorescence in GK vs control islets was seen but freshly isolated GK islets displayed a marked iNOS expression and activity. After incubation at low glucose GK islets showed an abnormal increase in both iNOS and ncNOS activities. At high glucose the impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release was associated with an increased iNOS expression and activity and NOS inhibition dose-dependently amplified insulin secretion in both GK and control islets. This effect by NOS inhibition was also evident in depolarized islets at low glucose, where forskolin had a further amplifying effect in GK but not in control islets. NOS inhibition increased basal insulin release in perfused GK pancreata and amplified insulin release after glucose stimulation in both GK and control pancreata, almost abrogating the nadir separating first and second phase in controls. A defective insulin response to l-arginine was seen in GK rats in vitro and in vivo, being partially restored by NOS inhibition. The results suggest that increased islet NOS activities might contribute to the defective insulin response to glucose and l-arginine in the GK rat. Excessive iNOS expression and activity might be deleterious for the beta-cells over time.
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in healthy rat pancreas. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2008; 46:213-7. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Salehi A, Meidute Abaraviciene S, Jimenez-Feltstrom J, Ostenson CG, Efendic S, Lundquist I. Excessive islet NO generation in type 2 diabetic GK rats coincides with abnormal hormone secretion and is counteracted by GLP-1. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2165. [PMID: 18478125 PMCID: PMC2367446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A distinctive feature of type 2 diabetes is inability of insulin-secreting β-cells to properly respond to elevated glucose eventually leading to β-cell failure. We have hypothesized that an abnormally increased NO production in the pancreatic islets might be an important factor in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction. Principal Findings We show now that islets of type 2 spontaneous diabetes in GK rats display excessive NO generation associated with abnormal iNOS expression in insulin and glucagon cells, increased ncNOS activity, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release, glucagon hypersecretion, and impaired glucose-induced glucagon suppression. Pharmacological blockade of islet NO production by the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) greatly improved hormone secretion from GK islets suggesting islet NOS activity being an important target to inactivate for amelioration of islet cell function. The incretin hormone GLP-1, which is used in clinical practice suppressed iNOS and ncNOS expression and activity with almost full restoration of insulin release and partial restoration of glucagon release. GLP-1 suppression of iNOS expression was reversed by PKA inhibition but unaffected by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Injection of glucose plus GLP-1 in the diabetic rats showed that GLP-1 amplified the insulin response but induced a transient increase and then a poor depression of glucagon. Conclusion The results suggest that abnormally increased NO production within islet cells is a significant player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes being counteracted by GLP-1 through PKA-dependent, nonproteasomal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Science, Universitetssjukhuset Malmö Allmäna Sjukhus, Division of Endocrine Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Palmitate-induced beta-cell dysfunction is associated with excessive NO production and is reversed by thiazolidinedione-mediated inhibition of GPR40 transduction mechanisms. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2182. [PMID: 18478115 PMCID: PMC2366067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes often displays hyperlipidemia. We examined palmitate effects on pancreatic islet function in relation to FFA receptor GPR40, NO generation, insulin release, and the PPARγ agonistic thiazolidinedione, rosiglitazone. Principal Findings Rosiglitazone suppressed acute palmitate-stimulated GPR40-transduced PI hydrolysis in HEK293 cells and insulin release from MIN6c cells and mouse islets. Culturing islets 24 h with palmitate at 5 mmol/l glucose induced β-cell iNOS expression as revealed by confocal microscopy and increased the activities of ncNOS and iNOS associated with suppression of glucose-stimulated insulin response. Rosiglitazone reversed these effects. The expression of iNOS after high-glucose culturing was unaffected by rosiglitazone. Downregulation of GPR40 by antisense treatment abrogated GPR40 expression and suppressed palmitate-induced iNOS activity and insulin release. Conclusion We conclude that, in addition to mediating acute FFA-stimulated insulin release, GPR40 is an important regulator of iNOS expression and dysfunctional insulin release during long-term exposure to FFA. The adverse effects of palmitate were counteracted by rosiglitazone at GPR40, suggesting that thiazolidinediones are beneficial for β-cell function in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes.
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide plays an important role in acute and severe hypoxic injury to pancreatic beta cells. Transplantation 2008; 85:323-30. [PMID: 18301327 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31816168f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation is a potential strategy to cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, a substantial part of the islet graft becomes nonfunctional due to several factors including hypoxia. However, the precise mechanism of cell damage is largely unknown in hypoxic exposure to pancreatic beta cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether acute and severe hypoxic injury could involve inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-nitric oxide (NO) signaling in beta cells. METHODS The rat beta cell line (INS-1) and primary rat islets were incubated in an anoxic chamber. Cell viability was determined by propium iodide staining or cell counting kit. The expression of iNOS mRNA and protein was examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. NO production was measured as nitrite accumulation by Griess reagent method. RESULTS After hypoxic exposure, marked cell death occurred in INS-1 cells and rat islets, accompanied by increase in activated caspase-3 expression. NO production was increased in the culture medium in a time-dependent manner. Increase in expression of iNOS mRNA and protein was found. Pretreatment with a selective iNOS inhibitor, 1400W, significantly prevented cell death during hypoxia. In addition, hypoxia activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) significantly, but the addition of 1400W inhibited hypoxia-induced JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that iNOS-NO plays an important role in acute and severe hypoxic injury to pancreatic beta cells. Therefore, iNOS-NO might be a potential therapeutic target for preserving beta cell survival in islet transplantation through prevention of hypoxia-mediated cell death.
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48
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Qader S. The Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Post-Operative Hyperglycaemia. Libyan J Med 2008. [DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v3i3.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Abstract
In numerous mammals, nitric oxide (NO) influences the activity of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. In this study, immunocytochemistry was utilized to investigate the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the pancreas of sheep. In double immunocytochemical staining, the co-localization of nNOS with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) or substance P (SP) was studied. The presence of nNOS was confined to the intrapancreatic neurones (9.6 +/- 1.3%) as well as to nerve fibres of the endocrine pancreas and intrapancreatic ganglia. nNOS-immunoreactive (IR) neurones were round and oval in shape and predominantly (83.3 +/- 2.6%) belonged to the middle-size group (25-50 mum). Numerous, fine islets supplying nNOS-IR nerve terminals were devoid of VIP, SP or NPY. Moderately numerous, non-varicose nNOS-IR nerve fibres of intrapancreatic ganglia frequently expressed VIP or NPY, but not SP; 2.2 +/- 0.6% of nNOS-IR intrapancreatic neurones displayed lack of VIP, whereas 7.5 +/- 0.8% were VIP-IR. All nNOS-IR neurones were devoid of SP. The frequencies of nNOS-IR/NPY-IR and nNOS-IR/NPY-negative intrapancreatic neurones were 2.2 +/- 0.4% and 6.1 +/- 1.1%, respectively. Comparison with other mammals indicated that nitrergic innervation of the ovine pancreas is species-determined and may be a reflection of the ruminants' digestion specificity. The possible origin of nNOS-IR nerve fibres and functional significance of NO in the pancreas of sheep were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Yamabe N, Yokozawa T. Protective effect of Hachimi-jio-gan against the development of pancreatic fibrosis and oxidative damage in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:91-9. [PMID: 17606344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, the polyherbal drug Hachimi-jio-gan was reported to possess a protective effect against the progression of diabetic nephropathy by attenuating glucose toxicity and renal damage with a type 2 diabetic model, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Based on these findings, this study was undertaken to reveal the effect of Hachimi-jio-gan on pancreatic damage focusing on fibrosis and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. OLETF rats were orally administered Hachimi-jio-gan for 32 weeks, and we assessed the changes in the serum glucose level every 8 weeks, as well as those of body weight, and food and water consumption every 4 weeks. In addition, pancreatic wet weight, insulin content, and Western blot analyses of transforming growth factor-beta(1), fibronectin, and nuclear factor-kappaB-related inflammatory enzymes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2, were also performed in the pancreas. As a consequence, long-term treatment with Hachimi-jio-gan had a hypoglycemic effect, reducing pancreatic atrophy and fibrosis, and ameliorating the oxidative status. Therefore, this may provide evidence that Hachimi-jio-gan is a therapeutic target for preventing the development of pancreatic damage concomitant with hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yamabe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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