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Berry CE, Abbas DB, Lintel HA, Churukian AA, Griffin M, Guo JL, Cotterell AC, Parker JBL, Downer MA, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell-Based Therapies for Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024; 13:235-252. [PMID: 36345216 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2022.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Half of all cancer patients receive radiation therapy as a component of their treatment regimen, and the most common resulting complication is radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) of the skin and soft tissue. This thickening of the dermis paired with decreased vascularity results in functional limitations and esthetic concerns and poses unique challenges when considering surgical exploration or reconstruction. Existing therapeutic options for RIF of the skin are limited both in scope and efficacy. Cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising means of utilizing regenerative cell populations to improve both functional and esthetic outcomes, and even as prophylaxis for RIF. Recent Advances: As one of the leading areas of cell-based therapy research, adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) demonstrate significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of RIF. The introduction of the ADSC-augmented fat graft has shown clinical utility. Recent research dedicated to characterizing specific ADSC subpopulations points toward further granularity in understanding of the mechanisms driving the well-established clinical outcomes seen with fat grafting therapy. Critical Issues: Various animal models of RIF demonstrated improved clinical outcomes following treatment with cell-based therapies, but the cellular and molecular basis underlying these effects remains poorly understood. Future Directions: Recent literature has focused on improving the efficacy of cell-based therapies, most notably through (1) augmentation of fat grafts with platelet-rich plasma and (2) the modification of expressed RNA through epitranscriptomics. For the latter, new and promising gene targets continue to be identified which have the potential to reverse the effects of fibrosis by increasing angiogenesis, decreasing inflammation, and promoting adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Berry
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Darren B Abbas
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hendrik A Lintel
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrew A Churukian
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason L Guo
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Asha C Cotterell
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer B Laufey Parker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mauricio A Downer
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Tarapongpun T, Onlamoon N, Tabu K, Chuthapisith S, Taga T. The optimized priming effect of FGF-1 and FGF-2 enhances preadipocyte lineage commitment in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Genes Cells 2024; 29:231-253. [PMID: 38253356 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The cell-assisted lipotransfer technique, integrating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), has transformed lipofilling, enhancing fat graft viability. However, the multipotent nature of ADMSCs poses challenges. To improve safety and graft vitality and to reduce unwanted lineage differentiation, this study refines the methodology by priming ADMSCs into preadipocytes-unipotent, self-renewing cells. We explored the impact of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), either alone or in combination, on primary human ADMSCs during the proliferative phase. FGF-2 emerged as a robust stimulator of cell proliferation, preserving stemness markers, especially when combined with EGF. Conversely, FGF-1, while not significantly affecting cell growth, influenced cell morphology, transitioning cells to a rounded shape with reduced CD34 expression. Furthermore, co-priming with FGF-1 and FGF-2 enhanced adipogenic potential, limiting osteogenic and chondrogenic tendencies, and possibly promoting preadipocyte commitment. These preadipocytes exhibited unique features: rounded morphology, reduced CD34, decreased preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), and elevated C/EBPα and PPARγ, alongside sustained stemness markers (CD73, CD90, CD105). Mechanistically, FGF-1 and FGF-2 activated key adipogenic transcription factors-C/EBPα and PPARγ-while inhibiting GATA3 and Notch3, which are adipogenesis inhibitors. These findings hold the potential to advance innovative strategies for ADMSC-mediated lipofilling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanakorn Tarapongpun
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kouichi Tabu
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suebwong Chuthapisith
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang L, Cai X, Ma F, Qiao X, Ji J, Ma JA, Vergnes L, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Wu X, Boström KI. Two-step regulation by matrix Gla protein in brown adipose cell differentiation. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101870. [PMID: 38184275 PMCID: PMC10832489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is intricately involved in adipose tissue development. BMP7 together with BMP4 have been implicated in brown adipocyte differentiation but their roles during development remains poorly specified. Matrix Gla protein (MGP) inhibits BMP4 and BMP7 and is expressed in endothelial and progenitor cells. The objective was to determine the role of MGP in brown adipose tissue (BAT) development. METHODS The approach included global and cell-specific Mgp gene deletion in combination with RNA analysis, immunostaining, thermogenic activity, and in vitro studies. RESULTS The results revealed that MGP directs brown adipogenesis at two essential steps. Endothelial-derived MGP limits triggering of white adipogenic differentiation in the perivascular region, whereas MGP derived from adipose cells supports the transition of CD142-expressing progenitor cells to brown adipogenic maturity. Both steps were important to optimize the thermogenic function of BAT. Furthermore, MGP derived from both sources impacted vascular growth. Reduction of MGP in either endothelial or adipose cells expanded the endothelial cell population, suggesting that MGP is a factor in overall plasticity of adipose tissue. CONCLUSION MGP displays a dual and cell-specific function in BAT, essentially creating a "cellular shuttle" that coordinates brown adipogenic differentiation with vascular growth during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA.
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Ma
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Chaurasiya V, Pham DD, Harju J, Juuti A, Penttilä A, Emmagouni SKG, Nguyen VD, Zhang B, Perttunen S, Keskitalo S, Zhou Y, Pietiläinen KH, Haridas PAN, Olkkonen VM. Human visceral adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cell isolation and establishment of co-culture with white adipocytes to analyze cell-cell communication. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113819. [PMID: 37852349 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Communication between adipocytes and endothelial cells (EC) is suggested to play an important role in the metabolic function of white adipose tissue. In order to generate tools to investigate in detail the physiology and communication of EC and adipocytes, a method for isolation of adipose microvascular EC from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies of subjects with obesity was developed. Moreover, mature white adipocytes were isolated from the VAT biopsies by a method adapted from a previously published Membrane aggregate adipocytes culture (MAAC) protocol. The identity and functionality of the cultivated and isolated adipose microvascular EC (AMvEC) was validated by imaging their morphology, analyses of mRNA expression, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), immunostaining, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and in vitro angiogenesis assays. Finally, we established a new trans filter co-culture system (membrane aggregate adipocyte and endothelial co-culture, MAAECC) for the analysis of communication between the two cell types. EC-adipocyte communication in this system was validated by omics analyses, revealing several altered proteins belonging to pathways such as metabolism, intracellular transport and signal transduction in adipocytes co-cultured with AMvEC. In reverse experiments, induction of several pathways including endothelial development and functions was found in AMvEC co-cultured with adipocytes. In conclusion, we developed a robust method to isolate EC from small quantities of human VAT. Furthermore, the MAAECC system established during the study enables one to study the communication between primary white adipocytes and EC or vice-versa and could also be employed for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chaurasiya
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland; Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dan Duc Pham
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Harju
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Juuti
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Penttilä
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Van Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Birong Zhang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group & Proteomics Unit, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HealthyWeightHub, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P A Nidhina Haridas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Ahn JS, Son GH, Kwon EG, Chung KY, Jang SS, Kim UH, Song JY, Lee HJ, Park BK. Intramuscular fat formation in fetuses and the effect of increased protein intake during pregnancy in Hanwoo cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:818-837. [PMID: 37970512 PMCID: PMC10640954 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding adipocyte development in fetus during bovine pregnancy is important for strengthening fattening technology. Additionally, nutritional level of dams during pregnancy has the potential to improve offspring growth and fat development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intramuscular adipocyte development and expression level of related genes in bovine fetus, and the effect of increased crude protein (CP) intake during pregnancy on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of male offspring. Eighty six pregnant Hanwoo cows (average body weight, 551.5 ± 51.3 kg, age 5.29 ± 0.61 y) were used. Fetuses were collected at 90, 180 and 270 d of gestation from 18 pregnant Hanwoo cows. The remaining 68 pregnant cows were randomly assigned to 2 feeding groups. The control (CON) group was provided the standard protein diet (n = 34), and treatment (TRT) group was provided a diet with a 5% increase in CP intake (n = 34). Male offspring were divided into two groups according to protein treatment of the pregnant cows: CON male offspring (CON-O) and TRT male offspring (TRT-O). Intramuscular adipocytes were found in the fetal skeletal muscle after 180 days of gestation. Male calf's birth weight increased in the TRT group compared to that in the CON group (p < 0.002). The final body weight (p < 0.003) and average daily gain (p < 0.019) of male offspring were significantly higher in TRT-O than in CON-O. The feed conversion ratio was also improved by 10.5% in TRT-O compared to that in CON-O (p < 0.026). Carcass weight was significantly higher in the TRT-O group than that in the CON-O group (p < 0.003), and back fat was thicker in the TRT-O group (p = 0.07). The gross receipts and net income were higher in TRT-O than in CON-O (p < 0.04). Thus, fetal intramuscular fat can be formed from the mid-gestation period, and increased CP intake during pregnancy can increase net income by improving the growth and carcass weight of male offspring rather than intramuscular fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Ahn
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National
Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340,
Korea
| | - Gi Hwal Son
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon
National University, Chunchoen 24341, Korea
| | - Eung Gi Kwon
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon
National University, Chunchoen 24341, Korea
| | - Ki Yong Chung
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National
College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874,
Korea
| | - Sun Sik Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National
Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340,
Korea
| | - Ui Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon
National University, Chunchoen 24341, Korea
| | | | - Hyun Jeong Lee
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National
Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340,
Korea
| | - Byung Ki Park
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon
National University, Chunchoen 24341, Korea
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Adipose Tissue Development Relies on Coordinated Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Angiogenesis, and Adipogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092227. [PMID: 36140327 PMCID: PMC9496222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite developing prenatally, the adipose tissue is unique in its ability to undergo drastic growth even after reaching its mature size. This development and subsequent maintenance rely on the proper coordination between the vascular niche and the adipose compartment. In this review, the process of adipose tissue development is broken down to explain (1) the ultrastructural matrix remodeling that is undertaken during simultaneous adipogenesis and angiogenesis, (2) the paracrine crosstalk involved during adipose development, (3) the mechanical regulators involved in adipose growth, and (4) the proteolytic and paracrine oversight for matrix remodeling during adipose development. It is crucial to gain a better understanding of the complex relationships that exist between adipose tissue and the vasculature during tissue development to provide insights into the pathological tissue expansion of obesity and to develop improved soft-tissue reconstruction techniques.
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Antonyshyn JA, Mazzoli V, McFadden MJ, Gramolini AO, Hofer SOP, Simmons CA, Santerre PJ. Immunomagnetic Isolation and Enrichment of Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Adipose Tissue. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4422. [PMID: 35865115 PMCID: PMC9257843 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-resident microvascular endothelial cells are not only garnering attention for their emergent role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders, but are also of considerable interest for vascular tissue engineering due, in part, to the abundant, accessible, and uniquely dispensable nature of the tissue. Here, we delineate a protocol for the acquisition of microvascular endothelial cells from human fat. A cheaper, smaller, and simpler alternative to fluorescence-assisted cell sorting for the immunoselection of cells, our protocol adapts magnet-assisted cell sorting for the isolation of endothelial cells from enzymatically digested adipose tissue and the subsequent enrichment of their primary cultures. Strategies are employed to mitigate the non-specific uptake of immunomagnetic microparticles, enabling the reproducible acquisition of human adipose tissue-resident microvascular endothelial cells with purities ≥98%. They exhibit morphological, molecular, and functional hallmarks of endothelium, yet retain a unique proteomic signature when compared with endothelial cells derived from different vascular beds. Their cultures can be expanded for >10 population doublings and can be maintained at confluence for at least 28 days without being overgrown by residual stromal cells from the cell sorting procedure. The isolation of human adipose tissue-resident microvascular endothelial cells can be completed within 6 hours and their enrichment within 2 hours, following approximately 7 days in culture. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Antonyshyn
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vienna Mazzoli
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meghan J. McFadden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony O. Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
,
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefan O. P. Hofer
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
,
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul J. Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
,
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
,
*For correspondence:
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Moxon CA, MacCormick IJC. Investigating Interactions Between Endothelial Cells and Parasitized Red Blood Cells in Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:765-777. [PMID: 35881388 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we present the methods for using biopsies of skin or subcutaneous tissue to examine the interactions between parasitized red blood cells and endothelial cells in patients with malaria infection. Punch biopsy can be used to obtain all skin layers and needle biopsy to obtain subcutaneous tissue. Smears are useful for spreading vessels on a slide for immunofluorescence staining. Specimens can be fixed and embedded for sectioning and traditional histological or immunostaining techniques or confocal microscopy with three-dimensional reconstruction. Finally, endothelium can be dissociated, allowing individual cells to be isolated for culture and ex vivo assays or used for immunophenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Alan Moxon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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9
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Mei R, Qin W, Zheng Y, Wan Z, Liu L. Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes in Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873865. [PMID: 35600580 PMCID: PMC9114355 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues perform physiological functions such as energy storage and endocrine, whose dysfunction will lead to severe metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidences show that exosomes can meditate communications between different tissues by transporting nucleic acids, proteins and other biological factors. More importantly, exosomes secreted by adipose tissue function as critical contributing factors that elucidate specific mechanisms in metabolic disturbance such as obesity, adipose inflammation and diabetes etc. Adipose tissue is the major source of circulating exosomal miRNAs. miRNA secreted from adipose tissues not only altered in patients with metabolic disease, but also result in an increase in metabolic organ talk. Here we have reviewed the latest progress on the role of adipose tissue derived exosomes roles in metabolic disorders. Moreover, the current obstacles hindering exosome-based therapeutic strategies have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhuo Wan
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Wan, ; Li Liu,
| | - Li Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Wan, ; Li Liu,
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10
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The capacity of differentiation of stromal vascular fraction cells into beige adipocytes is markedly reduced in subjects with overweight/obesity and insulin resistance: effect of genistein. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2471-2481. [PMID: 34331001 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary bioactive compounds have been demonstrated to produce several health benefits. Genistein, an isoflavone of soy protein, and resveratrol, a polyphenol from grapes, have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and to stimulate white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, leading to increased energy expenditure. However, it has not been demonstrated in humans whether genistein or resveratrol have the capacity to stimulate the differentiation of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from white fat into beige adipocytes. SUBJECTS/METHODS With this aim, we assessed whether stromal vascular fraction cells obtained from biopsies of the subdermal fat depots of subjects with normal body weight (NW) or from subjects with overweight/obesity with (OIR) or without (OIS) insulin resistance were able to differentiate into the beige adipose tissue lineage in vitro, by exposing the cells to genistein, resveratrol, or the combination of both. RESULTS The results showed that SVF cells obtained from NW or OIS subjects were able to differentiate into beige adipocytes according to an increased expression of beige biomarkers including UCP1, PDRM-16, PGC1α, CIDEA, and SHOX2 upon exposure to genistein. However, SVF cells from OIR subjects were unable to differentiate into beige adipocytes with any of the inducers. Exposure to resveratrol or the combination of resveratrol/genistein did not significantly stimulate the expression of browning markers in any of the groups studied. We found that the non-responsiveness of the SVF from subjects with obesity and insulin resistance to any of the inducers was associated with an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. CONCLUSION Consumption of genistein may stimulate WAT browning mainly in NW or OIS subjects. Thus, obesity associated with insulin resistance may be considered as a condition that prevents some beneficial effects of some dietary bioactive compounds.
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11
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Antonyshyn JA, Mazzoli V, McFadden MJ, Gramolini AO, Hofer SOP, Simmons CA, Santerre JP. Mitigating the non-specific uptake of immunomagnetic microparticles enables the extraction of endothelium from human fat. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1205. [PMID: 34671074 PMCID: PMC8528810 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are among the fundamental building blocks for vascular tissue engineering. However, a clinically viable source of endothelium has continued to elude the field. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of sourcing autologous endothelium from human fat – an abundant and uniquely dispensable tissue that can be readily harvested with minimally invasive procedures. We investigate the challenges underlying the overgrowth of human adipose tissue-derived microvascular endothelial cells by stromal cells to facilitate the development of a reliable method for their acquisition. Magnet-assisted cell sorting strategies are established to mitigate the non-specific uptake of immunomagnetic microparticles, enabling the enrichment of endothelial cells to purities that prevent their overgrowth by stromal cells. This work delineates a reliable method for acquiring human adipose tissue-derived microvascular endothelial cells in large quantities with high purities that can be readily applied in future vascular tissue engineering applications. Antonyshyn et al. establish a methodology for acquiring human adipose tissue-derived microvascular endothelial cells that can be readily applied in future vascular tissue engineering applications. The authors developed strategies to mitigate the non-specific uptake of immunomagnetic microparticles to facilitate the immunoselection of endothelial cells by magnet-assisted cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Antonyshyn
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vienna Mazzoli
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan J McFadden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan O P Hofer
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Banani MA, Rahmatullah M, Farhan N, Hancox Z, Yousaf S, Arabpour Z, Moghaddam ZS, Mozafari M, Sefat F. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration. Regen Med 2021; 16:47-70. [PMID: 33533667 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an escalating incidence of breast cancer cases all over the world and the deleterious psychological impact that mastectomy has on patients along with several limitations of the currently applied modalities, it's plausible to seek unconventional approaches to encounter such a burgeoning issue. Breast tissue engineering may allow that chance via providing more personalized solutions which are able to regenerate, mimicking natural tissues also facing the witnessed limitations. This review is dedicated to explore the utilization of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration among postmastectomy cases focusing on biomaterials and cellular aspects in terms of harvesting, isolation, differentiation and new tissue formation as well as scaffolds types, properties, material-host interaction and an in vitro breast tissue modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Banani
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Nawras Farhan
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Zoe Hancox
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Safiyya Yousaf
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Zohreh Arabpour
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Zoha Salehi Moghaddam
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (IRC Polymer), University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (IRC Polymer), University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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13
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Shin SS, Yoon M. Regulation of Obesity by Antiangiogenic Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194549. [PMID: 33020443 PMCID: PMC7582783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the result of an energy imbalance caused by an increased ratio of caloric intake to energy expenditure. In conjunction with obesity, related metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes, have become global health problems. Obesity progression is thought to be associated with angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Angiogenesis occurs in growing adult adipose tissues, which are similar to neoplastic tissues. Adipose tissue is highly vascularized, and each adipocyte is nourished by an extensive capillary network. Adipocytes produce proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A and fibroblast growth factor 2, which promote neovascularization within the adipose tissue. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-2 and MMP-9, play important roles in adipose tissue development and microvessel maturation by modifying the ECM. Thus, modulation of angiogenesis and MMP activity provides a promising therapeutic approach for controlling human obesity and its related disorders. Over the past decade, there has been a great increase in the use of alternative treatments, such as herbal remedies, for these diseases. This review will focus on the role of angiogenesis in adipose tissue growth and the regulation of obesity by antiangiogenic herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8242-829-7581; Fax: 8242-829-7580
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14
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Helmy MA, Mohamed AF, Rasheed HM, Fayad AI. A protocol for primary isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells and their phenotypic profile. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1750863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam A. Helmy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adham F. Mohamed
- Plastic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hadeer M. Rasheed
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira I. Fayad
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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15
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16
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The Preparation of the Recipient Site in Fat Grafting: A Comprehensive Review of the Preclinical Evidence. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:1099-1107. [PMID: 30921129 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods to prepare the recipient site in fat grafting have been proposed in recent decades. However, to date, these procedures have never been reviewed exhaustively. The purpose of the present study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the different techniques to prepare the recipient site for fat grafting as they were investigated in preclinical studies, with resulting outcomes and underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE database was queried to search for preclinical investigations on the preparation of the recipient site in fat grafting using the following algorithm: ((recipient site) AND (fat grafting) OR (lipofilling) OR (lipograft)). A priori criteria were applied to review the resulting articles. RESULTS Thirteen animal studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, five techniques were identified: external volume expansion, implantation of alloplastic material (silicone sheets), administration of cell-proliferation factors (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor, adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction, and interleukin-8), ischemia, and microneedling. A positive effect on cellular activity (cell proliferation and angiogenesis) was demonstrated by all studies and achieved with all techniques. Seven of the eight authors who examined this aspect reported enhancement of fat graft survival. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of fat grafting surgical outcomes is documented preclinically using different recipient-site preparation techniques, particularly through enhancement of vascularization and soft-tissue expansion. This understanding will lead to further clinical research, especially for those cases where improvement of the recipient site is recommended, such as contracted scars or preirradiated tissues.
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17
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Liu M, Zhao L, Hu J, Wang L, Li N, Wu D, Shi X, Yuan M, Hu W, Wang X. Endothelial cells and endothelin‑1 promote the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:893-901. [PMID: 29845193 PMCID: PMC6059721 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) serve an important role in the restoration and regeneration of dental tissues. DPSCs are present in blood vessels and also exist in the vessel microenvironment in vivo and have a close association with endothelial cells (ECs). The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ECs and their secretory product endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the differentiation of DPSCs. In the present study, cells were divided into four groups: i) a DPSC-only control group; ii) a DPSC with ET-1 administration group; iii) a DPSC and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) direct co-culture group; and iv) a DPSC and HUVEC indirect co-culture group using a Transwell system. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of the odontoblastic differentiation-associated genes, including dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP-1) at days 4, 7, 14 and 21. Alizarin Red S staining, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were also conducted to assess the differentiation of the DPSCs in each group. The highest expression levels of odontoblastic differentiation-associated genes were observed on day 7 and in the two co-culture groups were increased compared with the DPSC-only and DPSC + ET-1 culture groups at all four time points. However, expression levels in the DPSC + ET-1 group were not downregulated as notably as in the co-culture groups on days 14 and 21. The Transwell group exhibited the greatest ability for odontoblastic differentiation compared with the other groups according to staining with Alizarin Red S, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis results. According to the results of the present study, the culture solution with HUVECs affected the differentiation of DPSCs. In addition, ET-1 may promote the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, P.R. China
| | - Junlong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Mengtong Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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18
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Adipose angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein ameliorates metabolic disorders via promoting adipose tissue adipogenesis and browning. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:567-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Baker NA, Muir LA, Lumeng CN, O'Rourke RW. Differentiation and Metabolic Interrogation of Human Adipocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1566:61-76. [PMID: 28244041 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes provide a valuable model for the study of human adipocyte metabolism. We describe methods for isolation of human stromal vascular cells, expansion of preadipocytes, differentiation into mature adipocytes, and in vitro metabolic interrogation of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki A Baker
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 2210 Taubman Center-5343, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindsey A Muir
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 2210 Taubman Center-5343, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Paul NE, Lösel R, Hemmrich K, Goy D, Pallua N, Klee D. L-arginine and arginine ethyl ester enhance proliferation of endothelial cells and preadipocytes - how an arginine ethyl ester-releasing biomaterial could support endothelial cell growth in tissue engineering. Biomed Mater Eng 2016; 25:289-97. [PMID: 26407115 DOI: 10.3233/bme-151275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue engineering is a promising solution for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. An insufficient neovascularisation within the scaffolds that leads to necrosis and tissue loss is still a major shortcoming of current tissue engineering attempts. Biomaterials, which release angiogenic factors such as L-arginine, could overcome this challenge by supporting the neovascularisation of the constructs. L-arginine is insoluble in organic solvents and thus cannot be incorporated into commonly used polymers in contrast to its ethyl ester. Here, we compared the effects of arginine and its ethyl ester on endothelial cells and preadipocytes, and generated an arginine ethyl ester-releasing, angiogenic polymer. We cultivated adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells and preadipocytes in arginine-free medium supplemented with L-arginine or L-arginine ethyl ester and assayed the proliferation rate and the degree of adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Additionally, we prepared arginine ethyl ester-releasing poly(D,L-lactide) foils, and investigated their impact on endothelial cell proliferation. We could demonstrate that arginine ethyl ester like arginine significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells and preadipocytes without inhibiting an induced adipogenic conversion of the preadipocytes. Further, we could show that the arginine ethyl ester-releasing polymer significantly increased endothelial cell growth. The present data are helpful guidance for generating angiogenic biomaterials that promote endothelial cell growth, and thereby could support neovascularisation within tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Paul
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Lösel
- Department of Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Hemmrich
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Goy
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Pallua
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Klee
- Department of Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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21
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Zhu Z, Hua B, Xu L, Yuan G, Li E, Li X, Sun N, Yan Z, Lu C, Qian R. CLOCK promotes 3T3-L1 cell proliferation via Wnt signaling. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:557-68. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Bingxuan Hua
- Department of Orthopedics; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Gongsheng Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Morrison WA, Marre D, Grinsell D, Batty A, Trost N, O'Connor AJ. Creation of a Large Adipose Tissue Construct in Humans Using a Tissue-engineering Chamber: A Step Forward in the Clinical Application of Soft Tissue Engineering. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:238-245. [PMID: 27211566 PMCID: PMC4856786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is currently exploring new and exciting avenues for the repair of soft tissue and organ defects. Adipose tissue engineering using the tissue engineering chamber (TEC) model has yielded promising results in animals; however, to date, there have been no reports on the use of this device in humans. Five female post mastectomy patients ranging from 35 to 49 years old were recruited and a pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator fat flap ranging from 6 to 50 ml was harvested, transposed onto the chest wall and covered by an acrylic perforated dome-shaped chamber ranging from 140 to 350 cm3. Magnetic resonance evaluation was performed at three and six months after chamber implantation. Chambers were removed at six months and samples were obtained for histological analysis. In one patient, newly formed tissue to a volume of 210 ml was generated inside the chamber. One patient was unable to complete the trial and the other three failed to develop significant enlargement of the original fat flap, which, at the time of chamber explantation, was encased in a thick fibrous capsule. Our study provides evidence that generation of large well-vascularized tissue engineered constructs using the TEC is feasible in humans. Tissue engineering has the potential to offer exciting alternatives for the repair of soft tissues and organ development, The tissue-engineering chamber has been shown to support tissue growth and the generation of specialized organs in animals. Here we report on the use of this chamber in humans for the successful generation of new adipose tissue.
Tissue engineering has traditionally relied on the combination of cells and scaffolds, which are subsequently implanted into the patient. However, such paradigm is limited to tissues that are thin enough to rely on diffusion for survival or that have a low metabolic rate. The tissue-engineering chamber represents an interesting approach to circumvent these obstacles, as it is able to support the growth of well-vascularized blocks of specialized tissues of varying kinds. This work presents the use of such chamber in five human patients, one of which generated a large three-dimensional well-vascularized piece of adipose tissue, probably the largest and thickest engineered tissue construct reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Morrison
- O'Brien Institute of Regenerative Surgery, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Diego Marre
- O'Brien Institute of Regenerative Surgery, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damien Grinsell
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Trost
- Radiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Woo S, Yoon M, Kim J, Hong Y, Kim MY, Shin SS, Yoon M. The anti-angiogenic herbal extract from Melissa officinalis inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and suppresses adipocyte hypertrophy in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:238-250. [PMID: 26702505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Melissa officinalis L. (Labiatae; lemon balm) has been used traditionally and contemporarily as an anti-stress herb. Current hypotheses suggest that not only chronic stress promotes angiogenesis, but angiogenesis also modulates adipogenesis and obesity. Because the herbal extract ALS-L1023 from M. officinalis L. (Labiatae; lemon balm) has an anti-angiogenic activity, we hypothesized that ALS-L1023 could inhibit adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALS-L1023 was prepared by a two-step organic solvent fractionation from M. officinalis. The effects of ALS-L1023 on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipocyte hypertrophy in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice were measured using in vivo and in vitro approaches. RESULTS ALS-L1023 inhibited angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner in the HUVEC tube formation assay in vitro. Treatment of cells with ALS-L1023 inhibited lipid accumulation and adipocyte-specific gene expression caused by troglitazone or MDI differentiation mix. ALS-L1023 reduced mRNA expression of angiogenic factors (VEGF-A and FGF-2) and MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in differentiated cells. In contrast, mRNA levels of angiogenic inhibitors (TSP-1, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2) increased. Protease activity, as measured by zymography, showed that activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased in ALS-L1023-treated cells. ALS-L1023 also inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 reporter gene expression in the presence of the MMP inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. An in vivo study showed that ALS-L1023 not only decreased adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size, but also reduced mRNA levels of adipose tissue angiogenic factors and MMPs in HFD-fed obese mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the anti-angiogenic herbal extract ALS-L1023 suppresses adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, and this effect may be mediated by inhibiting angiogenesis and MMP activities. Thus, by curbing adipogenesis, anti-angiogenic ALS-L1023 yields a possible therapeutic choice for the prevention and treatment of human obesity and its associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangee Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
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Freiman A, Shandalov Y, Rozenfeld D, Shor E, Segal S, Ben-David D, Meretzki S, Egozi D, Levenberg S. Adipose-derived endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells enhance vascular network formation on three-dimensional constructs in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:5. [PMID: 26753517 PMCID: PMC4709933 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been gaining fame mainly due to their vast clinical potential, simple isolation methods and minimal donor site morbidity. Adipose-derived MSCs and microvascular endothelial cells have been shown to bear angiogenic and vasculogenic capabilities. We hypothesized that co-culture of human adipose-derived MSCs with human adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs) will serve as an effective cell pair to induce angiogenesis and vessel-like network formation in three-dimensional scaffolds in vitro. Methods HAMECs or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured on scaffolds with either MSCs or human neonatal dermal fibroblasts. Cells were immunofluorescently stained within the scaffolds at different time points post-seeding. Various analyses were performed to determine vessel length, complexity and degree of maturity. Results The HAMEC:MSC combination yielded the most organized and complex vascular elements within scaffolds, and in the shortest period of time, when compared to the other tested cell combinations. These differences were manifested by higher network complexity, more tube alignment and higher α-smooth muscle actin expression. Moreover, these generated microvessels further matured and developed during the 14-day incubation period within the three-dimensional microenvironment. Conclusions These data demonstrate optimal vascular network formation upon co-culture of microvascular endothelial cells and adipose-derived MSCs in vitro and constitute a significant step in appreciation of the potential of microvascular endothelial cells and MSCs in different tissue engineering applications that can also be advantageous in in vivo studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0251-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Freiman
- Inter-departmental Program in Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel. .,Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Yulia Shandalov
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Dekel Rozenfeld
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Erez Shor
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Sofia Segal
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | | | | | - Dana Egozi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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25
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Effect of Calcium Alginate Microsphere Loaded With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Adipose Tissue Transplantation. Ann Plast Surg 2015; 75:644-51. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Mihaila SM, Resende MF, Reis RL, Gomes ME, Marques AP. Interactive endothelial phenotype maintenance and osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction SSEA-4+-derived cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1998-2013. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Mihaila
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Margarida F. Resende
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
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Lyu Y, Su X, Deng J, Liu S, Zou L, Zhao X, Wei S, Geng B, Xu G. Defective differentiation of adipose precursor cells from lipodystrophic mice lacking perilipin 1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117536. [PMID: 25695774 PMCID: PMC4335001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 1 (Plin1) localizes at the surface of lipid droplets to regulate triglyceride storage and hydrolysis in adipocytes. Plin1 defect leads to low adiposity in mice and partial lipodystrophy in human. This study investigated the roles of Plin1 in adipocyte differentiation. Plin1 null (-/-) mice showed plenty of multilocular adipocytes and small unilocular adipocytes in adipose tissue, along with lack of a subpopulation of adipose progenitor cells capable of in vivo adipogenesis and along with downregulation of adipogenic pathway. Before initiation of differentiation, adipose stromal-vascular cells (SVCs) from Plin1-/- mice already accumulated numerous tiny lipid droplets, which increased in number and size during the first 12-h induction but thereafter became disappeared at day 1 of differentiation. The adipogenic signaling was dysregulated despite protein level of PPARγ was near normal in Plin1-/- SVCs like in Plin1-/- adipose tissue. Heterozygous Plin1+/- SVCs were able to develop lipid droplets, with both the number and size more than in Plin1-/- SVCs but less than in Plin1+/+ SVCs, indicating that Plin1 haploinsufficiency accounts for attenuated adipogenesis. Aberrant lipid droplet growth and differentiation of Plin1-/- SVCs were rescued by adenoviral Plin1 expression and were ameliorated by enhanced or prolonged adipogenic stimulation. Our finding suggests that Plin1 plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation and provides an insight into the pathology of partial lipodystrophy in patients with Plin1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lyu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xueying Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingna Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shangxin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liangqiang Zou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suning Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- * E-mail:
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Haug V, Torio-Padron N, Stark GB, Finkenzeller G, Strassburg S. Comparison between endothelial progenitor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on neovascularization in an adipogenesis mouse model. Microvasc Res 2015; 97:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Osteogenic Potential of Mouse Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Sorted for CD90 and CD105 In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:576358. [PMID: 25302065 PMCID: PMC4181779 DOI: 10.1155/2014/576358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells, termed ASCs, play an important role in regenerative applications. They resemble mesenchymal stem cells owing to their inexhaustibility, general differentiation potential, and plasticity and display a series of cell-specific and cluster-of-differentiation (CD) marker profiles similar to those of other somatic stem cells. Variations in phenotypes or differentiation are intimately associated with CD markers. The purpose of our study was to exhibit distinct populations of ASCs with differing characteristics for osteogenic differentiation. The primary cell batch of murine-derived ASCs was extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue and the cells were sorted for the expression of the surface protein molecules CD90 and CD105 using flow cytometry. Each cell population sorted for CD90 and CD105 was analyzed for osteogenic potency after cell culture. The results suggested that ASCs exhibit distinct populations with differing characteristics for osteogenic differentiation: unsorted ASCs stimulated comparable mineralized nodule formation as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in osteogenic medium and viral transfection for BMP2 accelerated the formation of mineralized nodules in CD90 and/or CD105 positive ASCs with observation of decrease in CD105 expression after 14 days. Future studies assessing different immunophenotypes of ASCs should be undertaken to develop cell-based tissue engineering.
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Tsuji T, Yamaguchi K, Kikuchi R, Itoh M, Nakamura H, Nagai A, Aoshiba K. Promotion of adipogenesis by an EP2 receptor agonist via stimulation of angiogenesis in pulmonary emphysema. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 112:9-15. [PMID: 24911647 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Body weight loss is a common manifestation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly those with severe emphysema. Adipose angiogenesis is a key mediator of adipogenesis and use of pro-angiogenic agents may serve as a therapeutic option for lean COPD patients. Since angiogenesis is stimulated by PGE2, we examined whether ONO-AE1-259, a selective E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor agonist, might promote adipose angiogenesis and adipogenesis in a murine model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema (EIE mice). Mice were intratracheally instilled with elastase or saline, followed after 4 weeks by intraperitoneal administration of ONO-AE1-259 for 4 weeks. The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) weight decreased in the EIE mice, whereas in the EIE mice treated with ONO-AE1-259, the SAT weight was largely restored, which was associated with significant increases in SAT adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and VEGF protein production. In contrast, ONO-AE1-259 administration induced no alteration in the weight of the visceral adipose tissue. These results suggest that in EIE mice, ONO-AE1-259 stimulated adipose angiogenesis possibly via VEGF production, and thence, adipogenesis. Our data pave the way for the development of therapeutic interventions for weight loss in emphysema patients, e.g., use of pro-angiogenic agents targeting the adipose tissue vascular component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Comprehensive and Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishi-ogu, Arakawa-ku 116-8567, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- The First Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawata-cho, Shinjyuku-ku 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
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Hager G, Holnthoner W, Wolbank S, Husa AM, Godthardt K, Redl H, Gabriel C. Three specific antigens to isolate endothelial progenitor cells from human liposuction material. Cytotherapy 2014; 15:1426-35. [PMID: 24094492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) play an important role in regenerative medicine and contribute to neovascularization on vessel injury. They are usually enriched from peripheral blood, cord blood and bone marrow. In human fat tissue, EPC are rare and their isolation remains a challenge. METHODS Fat tissue was prepared by collagenase digestion, and the expression of specific marker proteins was evaluated by flow cytometry in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). For enrichment, magnetic cell sorting was performed with the use of CD133 microbeads and EPC were cultured until colonies appeared. A second purification was performed with CD34; additional isolation steps were performed with the use of a combination of CD34 and CD31 microbeads. Enriched cells were investigated by flow cytometry for the expression of endothelial specific markers, by Matrigel assay and by the uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. RESULTS The expression pattern confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the SVF, with rare numbers of CD133+ detectable. EPC gained from the SVF by magnetic enrichment showed cobblestone morphology of outgrowth endothelial cells and expressed the specific markers CD31, CD144, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)R2, CD146, CD73 and CD105. Functional integrity was confirmed by uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein and the formation of tube-like structures on Matrigel. CONCLUSIONS Rare EPC can be enriched from human fat tissue by magnetic cell sorting with the use of a combination of microbeads directed against CD133, an early EPC marker, CD34, a stem cell marker, and CD31, a typical marker for endothelial cells. In culture, they differentiate into EC and hence could have the potential to contribute to neovascularization in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Hager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
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Isolation, characterization, differentiation, and application of adipose-derived stem cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 123:55-105. [PMID: 20091288 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are known and have been investigated for a long time, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue were identified as such by Zuk et al. in 2001. However, as subcutaneous fat tissue is a rich source which is much more easily accessible than bone marrow and thus can be reached by less invasive procedures, adipose-derived stem cells have moved into the research spotlight over the last 8 years.Isolation of stromal cell fractions involves centrifugation, digestion, and filtration, resulting in an adherent cell population containing mesenchymal stem cells; these can be subdivided by cell sorting and cultured under common conditions.They seem to have comparable properties to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in their differentiation abilities as well as a favorable angiogenic and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile and therefore have become widely used in tissue engineering and clinical regenerative medicine.
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The adipogenic potential of various extracellular matrices under the influence of an angiogenic growth factor combination in a mouse tissue engineering chamber. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1907-18. [PMID: 24296126 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) Matrigel™ has frequently and successfully been used to generate new adipose tissue experimentally, but is unsuitable for human application. This study sought to compare the adipogenic potential of a number of alternative, biologically derived or synthetic ECMs with potential for human application, with and without growth factors and a small fat autograft. Eight groups, with six severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice per group, were created with bilateral chambers (silicone tubes) implanted around the epigastric vascular pedicle, with one chamber/animal containing a 5mg fat autograft. Two animal groups were created for each of four ECMs (Matrigel™, Myogel, Cymetra® and PuraMatrix™) which filled the bilateral chambers. One group/ECM had no growth factors added to chambers whilst the other group had growth factors (GFs) (vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plus fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) plus platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)) added to both chambers. At 6weeks, chamber tissue was morphometrically assessed for percent and absolute adipose tissue volume. Overall, the triple GF regime significantly increased percent(∗) and absolute(#) adipose tissue volume (p<0.0005(∗#)) compared to chambers without triple GF treatment. The fat autograft also significantly increased percent (p<0.0005) and absolute (p<0.011) adipose tissue volume. Cymetra® (human collagen) constructs yielded the largest total tissue and absolute adipose tissue volume. We found that the pro-angiogenic FGF-2, VEGF-A and PDGF-BB combination in ECMs of synthetic and biological origin produced an overall significantly increased adipose tissue volume at 6weeks and may have clinical application, particularly with Cymetra.
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Navarro A, Marín S, Riol N, Carbonell-Uberos F, Miñana MD. Human adipose tissue-resident monocytes exhibit an endothelial-like phenotype and display angiogenic properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:50. [PMID: 24731246 PMCID: PMC4055093 DOI: 10.1186/scrt438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose tissue has the unique property of expanding throughout adult life, and angiogenesis is required for its growth. However, endothelial progenitor cells contribute minimally to neovascularization. Because myeloid cells have proven to be angiogenic, and monocytes accumulate in expanding adipose tissue, they might contribute to vascularization. Methods The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from human adipose tissue were magnetically separated according to CD45 or CD14 expression. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were obtained from SVF CD45- cells. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells and then cultured with SVF-derived MSCs. Freshly isolated or cultured cells were characterized with flow cytometry; the conditioned media were analyzed for the angiogenic growth factors, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with Luminex Technology; their angiogenic capacity was determined in an in vivo gelatinous protein mixture (Matrigel) plug angiogenesis assay. Results CD45+ hematopoietic cells within the SVF contain CD14+ cells that co-express the CD34 progenitor marker and the endothelial cell antigens VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR), VEGFR1/Flt1, and Tie2. Co-culture experiments showed that SVF-derived MSCs promoted the acquisition of KDR and Tie-2 in PB monocytes. MSCs secreted significant amounts of Ang-2 and HGF, but minimal amounts of bFGF, G-CSF, or GM-CSF, whereas the opposite was observed for SVF CD14+ cells. Additionally, SVF CD14+ cells secreted significantly higher levels of VEGF and bFGF than did MSCs. Culture supernatants of PB monocytes cultured with MSCs contained significantly higher concentrations of VEGF, HGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF than did the supernatants from cultures without MSCs. Quantitative analysis of angiogenesis at 14 days after implantation demonstrated that neovascularization of the implants containing SVF CD14+ cells or PB monocytes previously co-cultured with MSCs was 3.5 or 2 times higher than that observed in the implants with SVF-derived MSCs. Moreover, immunofluorescence of Matrigel sections revealed that SVF CD14+ cells differentiated into endothelial cells and contributed to vascular endothelium. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that adipose tissue-resident monocytes should contribute to tissue vascularization. Because SVF CD14+ cells were more efficient in inducing angiogenesis than SVF-derived MSCs, and differentiated into vascular endothelial cells, they may constitute a new cell source for cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Taylor S, Markesbery M, Harding P. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and proteolytic processing by a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM): A regulator of several pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 28:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
There is high clinical need for an adequate reconstruction of soft tissue defects as found after tumor resections, deep burns or severe trauma. A promising solution for these defects is adipose tissue engineering, with adult stem cells of the adipose tissue, implanted on 3D biomaterials. These adipogenic precursor cells survive ischemia better than mature adipocytes and have the potency to proliferate and differentiate into fat cells after transplantation. They can be yielded from excised adipose tissue or liposuction material. When preadipocytes are seeded on carriers for the generation of adipose tissue, chemical composition, mechanical stability and 3D architecture of the construct are crucial factors. They ensure cellular penetration into the construct, sufficient proliferation on the material and full differentiation inside the construct after transplantation. In hydrogels, it is especially the use and combination of growth factors that determine the overall outcome of the applied biopolymer. Over recent years, in vivo trials in particular have allowed significant insights into the potential, the perspectives, but also the current difficulties and draw-backs in adipose tissue engineering. This review focuses on the main strategies in adipose tissue regeneration, compares the various materials that have been used as carrier matrices so far and considers them in light of the challenges they have yet to meet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hemmrich
- University Hospital of the Aachen, University of Technology RWTH, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Centre, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52057 Aachen, Germany.
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Li J, Qiao X, Yu M, Li F, Wang H, Guo W, Tian W. Secretory Factors From Rat Adipose Tissue Explants Promote Adipogenesis and Angiogenesis. Artif Organs 2013; 38:E33-45. [PMID: 24020992 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Life Science; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Xiangchen Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Mei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Feng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Hang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Pedodontics; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Ecscr regulates insulin sensitivity and predisposition to obesity by modulating endothelial cell functions. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2389. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Lokhov PG, Balashova EE. Tumor-induced endothelial cell surface heterogeneity directly affects endothelial cell escape from a cell-mediated immune response in vitro. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:198-209. [PMID: 23442592 PMCID: PMC3667939 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated damage to tumor vessels is a potential means of preventing solid tumor progression. Antiangiogenic cancer vaccines capable of inducing this kind of damage include formulations comprised of endothelial cell-specific antigens. Identification of antigens capable of eliciting efficient vaccination is difficult because the endothelial cell phenotype is affected by surrounding tissues, including angiogenic stimuli received from surrounding tumor cells. Therefore, phenotype endothelial cell variations (heterogeneity) were examined in the context of the development of an efficient vaccine using mass spectrometry-based cell surface profiling. This approach was applied to primary human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC) cultures proliferated under growth stimuli provided by either normal tissues (growth supplement from human hypothalamus) or cancer cells (MCF-7, LNCap and HepG2). It was found that tumors induced pronounced, tumor type-dependent changes to HMEC surface targets that in an in vitro model of human antiangiogenic vaccination directly facilitated HMEC escape from cytotoxic T cell-mediated cell death. Furthermore, it was found that tumors influenced the HMEC phenotype unidirectionally and that HMEC imunogenicity was reciprocal to the intensity of tumor-induced changes to the HMEC surface. These findings provide data for the design of tumor-specific endothelial cell based vaccines with sufficient immunogenicity without posing a risk to the elicitation of autoimmunity if administered in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr G Lokhov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, RAMS, Moscow, Russia.
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Hocking S, Samocha-Bonet D, Milner KL, Greenfield JR, Chisholm DJ. Adiposity and insulin resistance in humans: the role of the different tissue and cellular lipid depots. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:463-500. [PMID: 23550081 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human adiposity has long been associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk, and abdominal adiposity is considered particularly adverse. Intra-abdominal fat is associated with insulin resistance, possibly mediated by greater lipolytic activity, lower adiponectin levels, resistance to leptin, and increased inflammatory cytokines, although the latter contribution is less clear. Liver lipid is also closely associated with, and likely to be an important contributor to, insulin resistance, but it may also be in part the consequence of the lipogenic pathway of insulin action being up-regulated by hyperinsulinemia and unimpaired signaling. Again, intramyocellular triglyceride is associated with muscle insulin resistance, but anomalies include higher intramyocellular triglyceride in insulin-sensitive athletes and women (vs men). Such issues could be explained if the "culprits" were active lipid moieties such as diacylglycerol and ceramide species, dependent more on lipid metabolism and partitioning than triglyceride amount. Subcutaneous fat, especially gluteofemoral, appears metabolically protective, illustrated by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in patients with lipodystrophy. However, some studies suggest that deep sc abdominal fat may have adverse properties. Pericardial and perivascular fat relate to atheromatous disease, but not clearly to insulin resistance. There has been recent interest in recognizable brown adipose tissue in adult humans and its possible augmentation by a hormone, irisin, from exercising muscle. Brown adipose tissue is metabolically active, oxidizes fatty acids, and generates heat but, because of its small and variable quantities, its metabolic importance in humans under usual living conditions is still unclear. Further understanding of specific roles of different lipid depots may help new approaches to control obesity and its metabolic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hocking
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Sydney, Australia.
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Silvestri C, Martella A, Poloso NJ, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, Izzo A, Woodward DF, Di Marzo V. Anandamide-derived prostamide F2α negatively regulates adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23307-21. [PMID: 23801328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators variedly affect adipocyte differentiation. Anandamide stimulates adipogenesis via CB1 receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Anandamide may be converted by PTGS2 (COX2) and prostaglandin F synthases, such as prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase, to prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (PGF2αEA), of which bimatoprost is a potent synthetic analog. PGF2αEA/bimatoprost act via prostaglandin F2αFP receptor/FP alt4 splicing variant heterodimers. We investigated whether prostamide signaling occurs in preadipocytes and controls adipogenesis. Exposure of mouse 3T3-L1 or human preadipocytes to PGF2αEA/bimatoprost during early differentiation inhibits adipogenesis. PGF2αEA is produced from anandamide in preadipocytes and much less so in differentiating adipocytes, which express much less PTGS2, FP, and its alt4 splicing variant. Selective antagonism of PGF2αEA receptors counteracts prostamide effects on adipogenesis, as does inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Selective inhibition of PGF2αEA versus prostaglandin F2α biosynthesis accelerates adipogenesis. PGF2αEA levels are reduced in the white adipose tissue of high fat diet-fed mice where there is a high requirement for new adipocytes. Prostamides also inhibit zebrafish larval adipogenesis in vivo. We propose that prostamide signaling in preadipocytes is a novel anandamide-derived antiadipogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Prgeeth Pandula PKC, Samaranayake LP, Jin LJ, Zhang CF. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells synergize osteo/odontogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in 3D cell sheets. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:299-306. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. C. Prgeeth Pandula
- Department of Endodontics; Comprehensive Dental Care; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - L. P. Samaranayake
- Department of Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - L. J. Jin
- Department of Periodontology and Public Health; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - C. F. Zhang
- Department of Endodontics; Comprehensive Dental Care; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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Lee YH, Mottillo EP, Granneman JG. Adipose tissue plasticity from WAT to BAT and in between. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:358-69. [PMID: 23688783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an essential role in regulating energy balance through its metabolic, cellular and endocrine functions. Adipose tissue has been historically classified into anabolic white adipose tissue and catabolic brown adipose tissue. An explosion of new data, however, points to the remarkable heterogeneity among the cells types that can become adipocytes, as well as the inherent metabolic plasticity of mature cells. These data indicate that targeting cellular and metabolic plasticity of adipose tissue might provide new avenues for treatment of obesity-related diseases. This review will discuss the developmental origins of adipose tissue, the cellular complexity of adipose tissues, and the identification of progenitors that contribute to adipogenesis throughout development. We will touch upon the pathological remodeling of adipose tissue and discuss how our understanding of adipose tissue remodeling can uncover new therapeutic targets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Lee
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Emilio P Mottillo
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Sorisky A, Molgat ASD, Gagnon A. Macrophage-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and the preadipocyte: should I stay (and differentiate) or should I go? Adv Nutr 2013; 4:67-75. [PMID: 23319125 PMCID: PMC3648741 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.003020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue can be regarded as a multidepot organ responsible for metabolic homeostasis by managing sophisticated energy transactions as well as by producing bioactive molecules that regulate insulin sensitivity and immune and vascular responses. Chronic nutrient excess expands adipose tissue, and concomitant variations in its cellular and matrix remodeling can affect the extent of the metabolic dysfunction that is associated with obesity. Preadipocytes, also termed adipose progenitor cells, play a pivotal role in determining whether a dysfunctional hypertrophic state arises as opposed to a hyperplastic process in which mature adipocytes remain relatively responsive. Obesity is associated with infiltration of macrophages, and these immune cells have been shown to communicate with preadipocytes to influence how they differentiate, survive, and proliferate. Understanding macrophage-preadipocyte interactions and their effect on adipose remodeling mechanisms may identify potential therapeutic molecular targets to improve adipose tissue function, even in the face of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sorisky
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada.
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Panneerselvan A, Nguyen LTH, Su Y, Teo WE, Liao S, Ramakrishna S, Chan CW. Cell viability and angiogenic potential of a bioartificial adipose substitute. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:702-13. [PMID: 23166045 DOI: 10.1002/term.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An implantable scaffold pre-seeded with cells needs to remain viable and encourage rapid angiogenesis in order to replace injured tissues, especially for tissue defect repairs. We created a bioartificial adipose graft composed of an electrospun 3D nanofibrous scaffold and fat tissue excised from New Zealand white rabbits. Cell viability and angiogenesis potential of the bioartificial substitute were examined during four weeks of culture in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium by immunohistochemical staining with LIVE/DEAD® cell kit and PECAM-1 antibody, respectively. In addition, a Matrigel® assay was performed to examine the possibility of blood vessels sprouting from the bioartificial graft. Our results showed that cells within the graft were viable and vascular tubes were present at week 4, while cells in a fat tissue block were dead in vitro. In addition, capillaries were observed sprouting from the graft into the Matrigel, demonstrating its angiogenic potential. We expect that improved cell viability and angiogenesis in the bioartificial substitute, compared to intact autologous graft, could potentially contribute to its survival following implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luong T H Nguyen
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Su
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Susan Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ching Wan Chan
- Department of General Surgery, National University Healthcare System, Singapore
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Butler MJ, Sefton MV. Cotransplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells in a modular construct drives vascularization in SCID/bg mice. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1628-41. [PMID: 22655687 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A modular approach to adipose tissue engineering was explored by embedding adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSC) in sub-mm-sized collagen rods or "modules" and coating with human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). After subcutaneous injection into a SCID/Bg mouse, HMEC on modules containing embedded adMSC appeared to detach from the modules to form vessels as early as day 3, as confirmed by the human EC-specific UEA-1 lectin stain, and these vessels persisted for up to 90 days. Vessel numbers decreased over 14 days, but vessel size increased suggesting a maturing of the vasculature. Vessel perfusion with the host was confirmed at 21 days by microCT. HMEC on modules without embedded adMSC remained attached to the module surface at day 3 and UEA-1 staining disappeared over 14 days suggesting cell death. It appeared that cotransplantation with adMSC had an anti-apoptotic and proangiogenic effect on HMEC. The early revascularization strategy may be successful in supporting adMSC viability and differentiation, as a preliminary study suggests progressive fat accumulation in the HMEC+adMSC implants: ∼60% of the implant area stained positive for Oil Red O by day 90. adMSC-embedded modules without HMEC surface coating did not show similar levels of Oil Red O staining. All implant volumes decreased over the time course of the experiment, yet HMEC+adMSC module implants were larger than adMSC-only implants at day 90. Collagen gel is mechanically weak and contracts in vivo making it unsuitable as a biomaterial for adipose tissue engineering where volume maintenance is critical. When combined with an appropriate biomaterial, the modular approach to adipose tissue engineering may represent a successful strategy to engineer soft tissue substitutes of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Butler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Topcu A, Aydin OE, Ünlü M, Barutcu A, Atabey A. Increasing the Viability of Fat Grafts by Vascular Endothelial Growth
Factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1001/archfaci.2011.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Topcu
- Alpaslan Topcu Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Topcu); Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey (Dr Aydin); and Departments of Pathology (Dr Ünlü) and Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Drs Barutcu and Atabey), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman E. Aydin
- Alpaslan Topcu Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Topcu); Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey (Dr Aydin); and Departments of Pathology (Dr Ünlü) and Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Drs Barutcu and Atabey), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehtat Ünlü
- Alpaslan Topcu Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Topcu); Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey (Dr Aydin); and Departments of Pathology (Dr Ünlü) and Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Drs Barutcu and Atabey), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Barutcu
- Alpaslan Topcu Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Topcu); Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey (Dr Aydin); and Departments of Pathology (Dr Ünlü) and Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Drs Barutcu and Atabey), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Atay Atabey
- Alpaslan Topcu Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey (Dr Topcu); Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey (Dr Aydin); and Departments of Pathology (Dr Ünlü) and Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Drs Barutcu and Atabey), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
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Winiarski BK, Acheson N, Gutowski NJ, McHarg S, Whatmore JL. An improved and reliable method for isolation of microvascular endothelial cells from human omentum. Microcirculation 2012; 18:635-45. [PMID: 21854489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite an increasing research demand for human microvascular endothelial cells, isolation of primary endothelial cells from human tissue remains difficult. The omentum, a highly vascular visceral adipose tissue, could provide an excellent source of these cells. METHODS A reliable method to isolate HOMECs has been developed. It consists of initial enzymatic digestion (to deplete cell contaminants), followed by further digestion, selective filtration, and immunoselection using Dynabeads coated with CD31 antibody. Cultures were characterized for expression of endothelial cell markers and their ability to undergo VEGF-dependent in vitro tube structure formation. RESULTS Omental-derived cultures of microvascular endothelial cells were achieved with <5% contamination of other cell types. The endothelial origin of cells was confirmed by the constitutive expression of a range of vascular endothelial markers (CD31, CD105, vWF) and internalization of DiI-AcLDL. Furthermore, cultures were negative for lymphatic endothelial markers, underwent in vitro angiogenesis, and exhibited typical endothelial morphology. CONCLUSIONS This isolation method produces homogeneous HOMEC cultures that can be maintained in vitro for at least six passages without loss of cellular features characterizing endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw K Winiarski
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon, UK
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Dissanayaka WL, Zhan X, Zhang C, Hargreaves KM, Jin L, Tong EHY. Coculture of dental pulp stem cells with endothelial cells enhances osteo-/odontogenic and angiogenic potential in vitro. J Endod 2012; 38:454-63. [PMID: 22414829 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have received much attention as a promising population of stem cells in regenerative endodontics. Securing a good blood supply during regeneration is a challenging task because of the constricted apical canal opening, which allows only a limited blood supply. The aim of this study was to investigate any potential synergistic effects of dental pulp stem cells and endothelial cells (ECs) on osteo-/odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation in vitro. METHODS Different ratios of DPSCs and ECs were cultured in direct contact using optimized medium for coculture. The 70% confluent cocultures were incubated in the osteo-/odontogenic differentiation medium for up to 3 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the expression levels of ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes, and alizarin red staining for mineralization at different time points were analyzed. The tubular network formation on Matrigel and the gene expression levels of CD117, VEGF, CD34, and Flk-1 were used as assays to analyze angiogenesis. RESULTS The quantification of ALP in DPSC:EC cocultures revealed a greater ALP activity compared with DPSC-alone cultures. At all the time points, 1:1 cultures showed a significantly greater ALP activity than that of DPSC-alone cultures. Alizarin red staining and quantification revealed a much greater amount of calcification in the 1:1 and 1:5 cocultures compared with other cultures (P < .01). The expression levels of ALP, BSP, and DSPP genes further confirmed the greater osteo-/odontogenic differentiation in cocultures compared with those of DPSC-alone cultures. Matrigel assay showed that the addition of DPSCs stabilized preexisting vessel-like structures formed by ECs and increased the longevity of them. CONCLUSIONS Direct coculture of DPSCs and ECs enhances the in vitro differentiation toward osteo-/odontogenic and angiogenic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Department of Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tchoukalova YD, Fitch M, Rogers PM, Covington JD, Henagan TM, Ye J, Hellerstein MK, Ravussin E. In vivo adipogenesis in rats measured by cell kinetics in adipocytes and plastic-adherent stroma-vascular cells in response to high-fat diet and thiazolidinedione. Diabetes 2012; 61:137-44. [PMID: 22124466 PMCID: PMC3237665 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of adipogenesis contributes to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. The current in vitro approaches for its assessment represent crude estimates of the adipogenic potential because of the disruption of the in vivo microenvironment. A novel assessment of in vivo adipogenesis using the incorporation of the stable isotope deuterium ((2)H) into the DNA of isolated adipocytes and stroma-vascular fraction from adipose tissue has been developed. In the current study, we have refined this technique by purifying the adipocytes via a negative immune selection and sorting the plastic adherent stroma-vascular (aSV) subfraction (using 3 h culture) that contains mostly adipocyte progenitor cells and ∼10% of small adipocytes. Using a 3-week 8% (2)H(2)O ingestion with a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD plus pioglitazone (HFD-P), we demonstrate that the fractions of new aSV cells (f(aSV)) and immunopurified adipocytes (f(AD)) (the ratio of their (2)H-enrichment of DNA to the maximal (2)H-enrichment of DNA of bone marrow reference cells) recapitulate the known hyperplastic mechanism of weight gain with pioglitazone treatment. We conclude that f(aSV) and f(AD) are reliable indices of in vivo adipogenesis. The proposed method represents a valuable tool for studying the effect of interventions (drugs, diets, and exercise) on in vivo adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yourka D Tchoukalova
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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