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Han JY, Shin JH, Shim JS, Kim RJY. Effects of dentin bonding agents and silanization on bond strength between 3D printed resin and composite resin. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:400-406. [PMID: 38719585 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dentin bonding agents and silanization on the bond strength between 3D printed resin and composite resin and compare it with a conventional composite resin. 3D printed resin cylinders (PCB) and composite resin substrates (Z250) were prepared and divided into eight subgroups based on the bonding agents used (n=12). The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the failure modes were evaluated. The bond strength was found to vary significantly among the bonding agents and substrate types. Silane application did not significantly improve the bond strength. Among the bonding agents, the universal adhesives exhibited the highest bond strengths for both substrates. Compared to PCB, Z250 demonstrated stronger bonds and exhibited more cohesive failures. Further research is needed to optimize the surface treatments and resin formulations for enhanced bond strength and durability between 3D printed and composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Han
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Korea University Medical Center Guro Hospital
| | - Joo-Hee Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Korea University Medical Center Guro Hospital
| | - Ji-Suk Shim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Guro Hospital
| | - Ryan Jin Young Kim
- Department of Dental Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Celikel P, Sengul F. Investigating the impact of post-curing cycles on surface hardness and color stability in 3D printed resin crowns. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00956-8. [PMID: 38809453 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of different post-curing cycles on the Vickers hardness, color change, and translucency value of 3D printed methacrylic acid ester-based temporary and permanent crown resins. A total of 300 samples were printed in disk shape (ø:8 mm, thickness: 2 mm) using VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VSC) and VarseoSmile Temp (VST) materials from a 3D printer. These disks were divided into five subgroups (n = 30 each) based on flash-curing cycles (0, 750, 1500, 2250, and 3000). Surface hardness tests and color tests were conducted on both the green state and flash-cured groups. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). The hardness of 3D printed temporary and permanent crown resin increased with post-curing time. Compared to the post-curing cycle recommended by the manufacturer, no clinically significant color change (ΔE00 ≥ 2.25) was observed in any of the polymerized groups. It was determined that permanent crown material had a more translucent structure than temporary crown material. The interaction between material and post-curing had significant effects on surface hardness, color (ΔE00), and translucency of 3D printed methacrylic acid ester-based resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peris Celikel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sengul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Alghauli MA, Alqutaibi AY, Wille S, Kern M. The physical-mechanical properties of 3D-printed versus conventional milled zirconia for dental clinical applications: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 156:106601. [PMID: 38810545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This systematic review aimed to compare the physical-mechanical properties of 3D-printed (additively manufactured (AM)) zirconia compared to conventionally milled (subtractive manufactured: SM) zirconia specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough search of Internet databases was conducted up to September 2023. The search retrieved studies that evaluated AM zirconia specimens and restorations regarding the physical-mechanical properties and mechanical behavior of zirconia. The main topic focused on 3Y-TZP. However, records of 4YSZ and 5YSZ were also included to gather more comprehensive evidence on additively manufactured zirconia ceramic. The quality of studies was assessed using the ROB2 tool, Newcastle Ottawa scale, and the Modified Consort Statement. Of 1736 records, 57 were assessed for eligibility, and 38 records were included in this review, only two clinical trials meet the inclusion criteria and 36 records were laboratory studies. There were no signs of mechanical complications and wear to antagonists with short-term clinical observation. SM thin specimens ≤1.5 mm showed statistically significant higher flexural strength than AM zirconia (p ≤ 0.01), while thicker specimens showed comparable outcomes (p > 0.5). The fracture resistance of dental restorations was dependent on the aging protocol, restoration type, and thickness. The bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia core was comparable. CONCLUSIONS The results pooled from two short-term clinical trials showed no signs of mechanical or biological complications of additively manufactured 3Y-TZP zirconia crowns. The flexural strength might depend on the specimens' thickness, but it showed promising results to be used in clinical applications, taking into account the printing technique and orientation, material composition (yttria content), solid loading, and sintering parameters. 3D-printed restorations fracture resistance improved when adhered to human teeth. The veneering ceramic bond was comparable to milled zirconia specimens. Long-term RCTs are recommended to confirm the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmed Alghauli
- Department of Prosthodontic, Propaedeutic and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen.
| | - Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen; Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontic, Propaedeutic and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontic, Propaedeutic and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Adnan S, Lal A, Naved N, Umer F. A bibliometric analysis of scientific literature in digital dentistry from low- and lower-middle income countries. BDJ Open 2024; 10:38. [PMID: 38796474 PMCID: PMC11127973 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bibliometric analysis and citation counts help to acknowledge influence of publications. The aim of this study was to conduct bibliometric and citation analysis of top-cited articles, from low- and lower-middle income countries, on use and application of digital technology in dentistry. METHODOLOGY A search strategy based on "Digital Dentistry", "Low Income Countries", and "Lower-Middle Income Countries" was used in October 2023 using Scopus database to retrieve articles relevant to digital dentistry, with citation count of 10 or more. From 44 included articles, bibliometric information was analyzed on SPSS version 23. Network analysis based on co-citations, keywords, and number of citations was conducted on VOS software (version 1.6.20). RESULTS Most relevant articles were published in 2021 (n = 8), with 52.3% original articles, out of which 40.9% were in vitro studies. India had the highest number of articles (n = 24), with most publications in The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society (n = 4), and in the domain of General Dentistry (n = 15, 34.1%). Co-authorship network analysis was not significant, but country-wise co-authorship analysis revealed India with the greatest link strength (4.0). Highest occurring keyword was 3D printing (link strength 5.0), and the citation analysis revealed Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry with the most number of published documents (3), having a citation count of 275. Bibliographic coupling for sources revealed Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society to have the highest link strength of 15.33. CONCLUSION This analysis uncovers interesting bibliometric and citation based information including key thematic trends, emphasizing crucial role of technologies like 3D printing, CAD/CAM, and CBCT in digital dentistry. The study underscores the imperative for increased original research efforts in low- and lower middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Adnan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abhishek Lal
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Nighat Naved
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Umer
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Sadilina S, Park SH, Chantler J, Park JY, Thoma D, Cha JK, Strauss FJ. Immediate loading of definitive restorations in partially edentulous patients requiring an implant-supported prosthesis: A scoping review. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00286-5. [PMID: 38797573 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Interest is growing in immediately loading definitive implant-supported prostheses. However, it appears that implant protocols are evolving faster than their scientific validation. PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review was to identify the current trends, feasibility, and clinical outcomes of a specific clinical loading scenario (type A), where a single definitive implant-retained restoration is delivered within 3 days. The focus question was "In partially edentulous patients requiring an implant-retained prosthesis (population), is immediate loading with a definitive restoration (concept) a viable treatment option (context)?" MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, screened titles and abstracts, and performed full-text analysis. Cross-reference checks within the bibliography of included studies, relevant reviews, and guideline were conducted. Bibliometric information and study details were extracted. RESULTS The search identified 2568 titles after removing duplicates. Four studies involving 91 participant and 100 implant-retained restorations were included in this scoping review. The selected articles were a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a prospective clinical study, and the remaining 2 were case series. The follow-up periods investigated ranged from 6 to 26 months. All studies evaluated marginal bone loss as a primary outcome, and only 1 implant failure was reported. Patient-reported outcome measures were favorable, and no major biological or technical complications were reported in any study. CONCLUSIONS Immediate loading with a definitive restoration within 3 days appears to be a suitable approach in specific clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Sadilina
- Research Assistant, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Hyun Park
- Research Fellow, Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Chantler
- Research Assistant, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Thoma
- Professor, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Franz J Strauss
- Senior Lecturer, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
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Katheng A, Prawatvatchara W, Tonprasong W, Namano S, Kongkon P. Effect of Postrinsing Times and Methods on Surface Roughness, Hardness, and Polymerization of 3D-Printed Photopolymer Resin. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759997 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study investigated the effects of different postrinsing times and methods on the surface roughness, surface hardness, and degree of polymerization of materials manufactured via stereolithography (SLA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 288 disk-shaped specimens were manufactured using an SLA three-dimensional (3D) printer. The specimens were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 32) based on rinsing times and methods. The groups were categorized into three rinsing methods: automated, ultrasonic, and hand washing, with rinsing times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes using a 99% isopropanol alcohol as a solvent. Linear roughness (Ra) and area roughness (Sa) were measured using a 3D confocal laser microscopy; the roughness morphology was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy. Vickers hardness (VHN) tests were performed using a Vickers microhardness tester. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry was used to determine the degree of conversion of treated specimens. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. The post hoc Tukey tests were conducted to compare the differences between groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS The choice of the rinsing time and method affected the surface properties of the SLA photopolymer resin. The 15 minutes of ultrasonic method exhibited the highest Ra scores (0.86 ± 0.1 µm), while the 15 minutes of automated method presented the highest Sa scores (1.77 ± 0.35 µm). For the VHN test, the 15 minutes of ultrasonic method displayed the highest VHN score (18.26 ± 1.03 kgf/mm2). For the degree of polymerization, the 15 minutes of automated method was initially identified as the most effective (87.22 ± 6.80). CONCLUSION To facilitate the overall surface roughness, surface hardness, and degree of polymerization, the optimal choice of postprocessing rinsing time and method for achieving a clear photopolymer resin was determined to be the ultrasonic method with a rinsing time of 15 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awutsadaporn Katheng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wisarut Prawatvatchara
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sahaprom Namano
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paweena Kongkon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Kollmuss M, Edelhoff D, Schwendicke F, Wuersching SN. In Vitro Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Response of Gingival Fibroblasts and Oral Mucosal Keratinocytes to 3D Printed Oral Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1336. [PMID: 38794529 PMCID: PMC11125196 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the biocompatibility of 3D printed materials used for additive manufacturing of rigid and flexible oral devices. Oral splints were produced and finished from six printable resins (pairs of rigid/flexible materials: KeySplint Hard [KR], KeySplint Soft [KF], V-Print Splint [VR], V-Print Splint Comfort [VF], NextDent Ortho Rigid [NR], NextDent Ortho Flex [NF]), and two types of PMMA blocks for subtractive manufacturing (Tizian Blank PMMA [TR], Tizian Flex Splint Comfort [TF]) as controls. The specimens were eluted in a cell culture medium for 7d. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF-1) and human oral mucosal keratinocytes (hOK) were exposed to the eluates for 24 h. Cell viability, glutathione levels, apoptosis, necrosis, the cellular inflammatory response (IL-6 and PGE2 secretion), and cell morphology were assessed. All eluates led to a slight reduction of hGF-1 viability and intracellular glutathione levels. The strongest cytotoxic response of hGF-1 was observed with KF, NF, and NR eluates (p < 0.05 compared to unexposed cells). Viability, caspase-3/7 activity, necrosis levels, and IL-6/PGE2 secretion of hOK were barely affected by the materials. All materials showed an overall acceptable biocompatibility. hOK appeared to be more resilient to noxious agents than hGF-1 in vitro. There is insufficient evidence to generalize that flexible materials are more cytotoxic than rigid materials. From a biological point of view, 3D printing seems to be a viable alternative to milling for producing oral devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kollmuss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.S.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Daniel Edelhoff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.S.); (S.N.W.)
| | - Sabina Noreen Wuersching
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.S.); (S.N.W.)
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Othman B, Al-Arfaj MK. Utilization of a 3D-Printed Mandibular Jaw for Ridge Reconstruction in Periodontics: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e61092. [PMID: 38800785 PMCID: PMC11128071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging manufacturing technology in dentistry with a range of applications. Digital dentistry presented in cone beam CT scan radiographs is a revolution that improved surgical outcomes by optimizing accurate diagnosis and analysis of the surgical sites before surgery. A periodontist can modify the treatment plan, surgical techniques, and incision design based on bone defects seen on cone beam CT scans. Block grafting has been a technique of choice when wound stability is required for guided bone regeneration. There was no significant difference between the different surgical procedures for reconstruction and choice should be given to the simpler and less invasive procedure. A xenograft or allograft block can work as an alternative to the autogenous bone block to reduce the surgery time and patient morbidity. Preparation and shaping of block graft during surgery time to match the defect shape can prolong the operative time, reduce the treatment success, and increase postoperative complications. In this case report, a sterilized 3D-printed mandibular jaw was utilized to visualize the defect size and shape. A bovine xenograft block was then prepared, shaped, and adapted on the 3D-printed jaw 30 minutes before the surgery. The block graft was then transferred and well-fitted on the surgical defect. Handling experience was greater and surgery time and postoperative pain were reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Othman
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mada K Al-Arfaj
- Periodontology Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Medina, SAU
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Daher R, Ardu S, di Bella E, Krejci I, Duc O. Efficiency of 3D printed composite resin restorations compared with subtractive materials: Evaluation of fatigue behavior, cost, and time of production. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:943-950. [PMID: 36333176 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensionally (3D)-printed composite resins have been marketed as materials for definitive restorations. However, limited information is available regarding the stability of the adhesive interface and the efficiency of 3D printed composite resins. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the integrity of the marginal adhesive interface before and after thermal and mechanical fatigue of an initial formulation of a 3D printed composite resin and to evaluate the efficiency of this manufacturing method. MATERIAL AND METHODS Freshly extracted molars were prepared for onlays and adhesively restored with either 3D printed composite resin (VarseoSmile Crown Plus) (Group 3D), milled composite resin (Tetric CAD) (Group MCOMP), milled PMMA (Telio CAD) (Group PMMA), and milled lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) (Group EM). Marginal analysis was performed under a scanning electron microscope before and after fatigue by thermomechanical cyclic loading, and initial and terminal percentages of continuous margin (%CM) were compared. The time required for the production of each type of restoration was recorded, and the production costs were also compared. RESULTS Before aging, 3D, MCOMP, and EM presented comparable values of %CM (69.8%, 75.9%, and 63.1%, respectively) that were statistically significantly higher (P<.05) than those of PMMA (45.1%). After aging, 3D and EM had comparable results (44.7% and 43.7%, respectively), which were lower than those of the MCOMP group (68.5%) but higher than those of the PMMA group (20.5%). Regarding time efficiency, 3D printing took less time than MCOMP or PMMA if more than 8 restorations were fabricated. For the production costs, 3D printing was 5.5, 8.7, and 10.2 times less expensive than PMMA, MCOMP, and EM, respectively. The initial equipment cost was also lower for the additive manufacturing method. However, 3D printing did not always considerably reduce waste. CONCLUSIONS In terms of marginal adaptation, the evaluated initial formulation of a 3D printed composite resin behaved similarly to other well-established definitive restoration materials and better than milled PMMA, both before and after fatigue. Three-dimensionally printed resins present advantages in terms of equipment and consumable costs, even for a single restoration, but also for production time when more than 8 restorations were fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Daher
- Lecturer, Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire (CUMD), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stefano Ardu
- Senior Lecturer, Treatment Plan Unit and Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire (CUMD), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrico di Bella
- Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivo Krejci
- Full Professor and Chairman, Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire (CUMD), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Duc
- Senior Lecturer, Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire (CUMD), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Diederichs EV, Mondal D, Patil H, Gorbet M, Willett TL. The effect of triglycerol diacrylate on the printability and properties of UV curable, bio-based nanohydroxyapatite composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106499. [PMID: 38490049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
3D printable biopolymer nanocomposites composed of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and functionalized plant-based monomers demonstrate potential as sustainable and structural biomaterials. To increase this potential, their printability and performance must be improved. For extrusion-based 3D printing, such as Direct Ink Writing (DIW), printability is important for print fidelity. In this work, triglycerol diacrylate (TGDA) was added to an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil:polyethylene glycol diacrylate resin to increase hydrogen bonding. Greater hydrogen bonding was hypothesized to improve printability by increasing the ink's shear yield strength, and therefore shape holding after deposition. The effects of this additive on material and mechanical properties were quantified. Increased hydrogen bonding due to TGDA content increased the ink's shear yield stress and viscosity by 916% and 27.6%, respectively. This resulted in improved printability, with best performance at 3 vol% TGDA. This composition achieved an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 32.4 ± 2.1 MPa and elastic modulus of 1.15 ± 0.21 GPa. These were increased from the 0 vol% TGDA composite, which had an UTS of 24.8 ± 1.8 MPa and a modulus of 0.88 ± 0.06 GPa. This study demonstrates the development of bio-based additive manufacturing feedstocks for potential uses in sustainable manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Diederichs
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Dibakar Mondal
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Haresh Patil
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Material Interaction with Biological Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Carl A. Pollock Hall, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Thomas L Willett
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada.
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11
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Zarbah M, Aldowah O, Alqahtani NM, Alqahtani SA, Alamri M, Alshahrani R, Mohsinah N. Dimensional stability of 3D-printed edentulous and fully dentate hollowed maxillary models over periods of time. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:495. [PMID: 38671430 PMCID: PMC11055291 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental casts made utilising digital workflow are becoming more common because to their speed and cost savings. However, studies on their dimensional accuracy over time with diverse designs are missing. OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the dimensional stability of 3D-printed edentulous and fully dentate hollowed maxillary models with 50-micrometer resolution over 1 day, 14 days, and 28 days using surface matching software. METHODS Scanned edentulous and fully dentate maxillary typodont models were used as references. The models were scanned by a desktop lab scanner of 15-micrometer accuracy (D900, 3Shape). Then, the files were used in designing software (Meshmixer, Autodesk) to create hollowed maxillary casts. Fifteen edentulous and 15 fully dentate (total of 30) models were printed using a DLP lab printer (Cara print 4.0, Kulzer). The 3D-printed models were scanned using the same desktop lab scanner of 15-micrometer accuracy at intervals of baseline days, 1 day, 14 days, and 28 days to assess the effect of aging (n = 120). The dimensional changes were quantified and compared using the root mean square (RMS) method, expressed in micrometres (µm). The study employed repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess and compare the root mean square (RMS) values across the variables. The data was analysed using SPSS (26, Chicago, Illinois, USA). RESULTS The RMS of the edentulous models rapidly increased from a mean value of 0.257 at the beginning of the study to 0.384 after twenty-eight days. However, the mean RMS values for the dentate models did not change much over the four intervals. It varied only from 0.355 to 0.347. The mean values for edentulous patients increased from 0.014 to 0.029 during the period from baseline to twenty-eight days. However, the mean average values decreased for the dentate models from 0.033 to 0.014 during this period. By utilizing ANOVA, mean RMS values increased insignificantly till one day but significantly to fourteen and twenty-eight days. Dentate model mean values differed insignificantly across four intervals. Repeated measures ANOVA for combined and separated data showed no significant differences across edentulous, dentate, and total models over times. CONCLUSION The study revealed changes in the dimensions of 3D-printed edentulous models over a span of 3 and 4 weeks. Caution should be applied when using 3D-printed dental master models for constructing definitive prostheses on edentulous models over a period of 3 to 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarbah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omir Aldowah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasser M Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alamri
- Dental Intern, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Noaf Mohsinah
- Dental Intern, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Tsolakis IA, Lyros I, Christopoulou I, Tsolakis AI, Papadopoulos MA. Comparing the accuracy of 3 different liquid crystal display printers for dental model printing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024:S0889-5406(24)00133-1. [PMID: 38647515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy in terms of trueness and precision of 3 different liquid crystal display (LCD) printers with different cost levels. METHODS Three LCD 3-dimensional (3D) printers were categorized into tiers 1-3 on the basis of cost level. The printers' accuracies were assessed in terms of trueness and precision. For this research, 10 standard tessellation language (STL) reference files were used. For trueness, each STL file was printed once with each 3D printer. For precision, 1 randomly chosen STL file was printed 10 times with each 3D printer. After that, a model scanner was used to scan the models, and STL comparisons were performed using reverse engineering software. For the measurements regarding trueness and precision, the Friedman test was used. RESULTS There were significant differences among the 3 printers (P <0.05). The trueness and precision error were lower in models printed with a tier-1 printer than in the remaining 3D printers (P <0.05). The tier-2 and -3 printers presented very similar performance. CONCLUSIONS LCD 3D printers can be accurately used in orthodontics for model printing depending on the specific orthodontic use. The cost of a printer is relevant to the results only for the higher expense of the 3D printer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Isidora Christopoulou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos I Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Moschos A Papadopoulos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tanaka A, Kawaguchi T, Ito A, Isshi K, Hamanaka I, Tsuzuki T. Shear bond strength of ultraviolet-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials: Effects of post-polymerization, surface treatments, and thermocycling. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_23_00321. [PMID: 38644230 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of ultraviolet (UV)-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials, both with and without post-polymerization. Moreover, the effects of surface treatment and thermocycling on shear bond strength after post-polymerization were investigated. METHODS Cylindrical 3D-printed denture bases and teeth specimens were prepared. The specimens are subjected to two tests. For Test 1, the specimens were bonded without any surface treatment or thermal stress for comparison with and without post-polymerization. In Test 2, specimens underwent five surface treatments: untreated (CON), ethyl acetate (EA), airborne particle abrasion (APA) with 50 μm (50-APA) and 110 μm alumina (110-APA), and tribochemical silica coating (TSC). A UV-polymerized resin was used for bonding. Half of the Test 2 specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles. Shear bond strength was measured and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests (n = 8). RESULTS In Test 1, post-polymerization significantly reduced shear bond strength of both 3D-printed denture materials (P < 0.05). No notable difference was observed between the denture teeth and the bases (P > 0.05). In Test 2, before thermocycling, the CON and EA groups exhibited low bond strengths, while the 50-APA, 110-APA, and TSC groups exhibited higher bond strengths. Thermocycling did not reduce bond strength in the latter groups, but significantly reduced bond strength in the EA group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Post-polymerization can significantly reduce the shear bond strength of 3D-printed denture materials. Surface treatments, particularly APA and TSC, maintained bond strength even after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Tanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kota Isshi
- Central Dental Laboratory, Fukuoka Dental College Medical & Dental Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ippei Hamanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuzuki
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Diab M, Karkoutly M, Kanout S, Nassar JA. Effect of a novel mesh design and the sandblasting technique on the bond strength of computer-designed and three-dimension laser printed resin bonded bridges: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8412. [PMID: 38600207 PMCID: PMC11006920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) are a minimally invasive and aesthetically pleasing treatment modality. However, their frequent failure has posed challenges for both dental professionals and patients. This necessitates the exploration of innovative strategies to enhance the longevity of RBBs. This study aimed to assess the bond strength of a mesh bridge fabricated using computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in comparison to the traditional aluminum oxide sandblasting method. A total of 48 lower incisors were embedded in acrylic bases according to a standardized computer-generated model to receive 24 metal RBBs. The two groups underwent distinct metal surface treatments: the 3D mesh novel design and sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles sized at 250.00 µm. The bond strength of the bridges was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test with a significance level set at α = 0.05. The findings revealed a significant difference between the two methods (p < 0.001). The 3D mesh design exhibited a mean bond strength of 387.89 ± 24.15 N, while the sandblasting technique yielded a mean value of 161.46 ± 31.25 N. In summary, the 3D mesh design substantially enhanced the bond strength of RBBs compared to the traditional sandblasting technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Diab
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Mawia Karkoutly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Shaza Kanout
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Jihad Abou Nassar
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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Huang HY, Yang YT, Chuang CC, Shen YK, Chen MH, Lin WC. Evaluation of the clinical application of personalized 3D printing and CAD/CAM resin crowns to replace stainless steel crowns in paediatric dentistry. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38570933 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with dental caries are treated with stainless steel metal crowns (SSC), but the aesthetics and precision still need to be improved. Currently, both 3D-printed resin crowns (PRC) and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) resin crowns (CRC) meet the clinical requirements for crown applications in terms of strength, production time, cost, and aesthetics. AIM This study replaced SSC with customized resin crowns by 3D printing and CAD/CAM. DESIGN In this study, PRC, CRC, and SSC were used for incisor and molar restorations, and 60 crowns were made with 10 for each group. The fabrication efficiency, surface characteristics, marginal fit, and stability of the two different crowns were evaluated. RESULTS PRC and CRC show superior color and surface characteristics, though production times are longer (5.3-12.4 times and 3.3-9.1 times, respectively) than for SSC (p < .05). They, however, can be completed within 80 min. Edge gaps for PRC and CRC are significantly lower (13.0-19.2 times and 13.0-13.7 times) than for SSC (p < .05). All materials exhibit good stability. CONCLUSION The 3D-PRCs and CAD/CAM resin crowns may replace SSCs as a potential choice for clinical child caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chuang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kang Shen
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kouhi M, de Souza Araújo IJ, Asa'ad F, Zeenat L, Bojedla SSR, Pati F, Zolfagharian A, Watts DC, Bottino MC, Bodaghi M. Recent advances in additive manufacturing of patient-specific devices for dental and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Dent Mater 2024; 40:700-715. [PMID: 38401992 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Customization and the production of patient-specific devices, tailoring the unique anatomy of each patient's jaw and facial structures, are the new frontiers in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. As a technological advancement, additive manufacturing has been applied to produce customized objects based on 3D computerized models. Therefore, this paper presents advances in additive manufacturing strategies for patient-specific devices in diverse dental specialties. METHODS This paper overviews current 3D printing techniques to fabricate dental and maxillofacial devices. Then, the most recent literature (2018-2023) available in scientific databases reporting advances in 3D-printed patient-specific devices for dental and maxillofacial applications is critically discussed, focusing on the major outcomes, material-related details, and potential clinical advantages. RESULTS The recent application of 3D-printed customized devices in oral prosthodontics, implantology and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, and endodontics are presented. Moreover, the potential application of 4D printing as an advanced manufacturing technology and the challenges and future perspectives for additive manufacturing in the dental and maxillofacial area are reported. SIGNIFICANCE Additive manufacturing techniques have been designed to benefit several areas of dentistry, and the technologies, materials, and devices continue to be optimized. Image-based and accurately printed patient-specific devices to replace, repair, and regenerate dental and maxillofacial structures hold significant potential to maximize the standard of care in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Kouhi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Isaac J de Souza Araújo
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lubna Zeenat
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Sri Sai Ramya Bojedla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Grutle LA, Holm HV, Kopperud HBM, Uhlig S. Validation of a human saliva model for the determination of leachable monomers and other chemicals from dental materials. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124073. [PMID: 38452631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to prove the validity of a mixture of chemicals, including salts, small organic molecules, mucin, and α-amylase, as saliva surrogate ("artificial saliva") for assessing leakage of methacrylate monomers and other constituents from dental materials. To achieve this, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), bisphenol A (BPA), and five homologues of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisEMA EO2-6) in unstimulated and artificial saliva, and compared their concentrations in the two saliva media following either spiking with a mixture of the compounds or incubation of test specimens of printed biomaterials. Test specimens were immersed in unstimulated/artificial saliva, incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and saliva aliquots were extracted with methanol and subsequently analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The method was validated with regard to matrix effects, linearity, selectivity, lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), precision, bias and combined measurement uncertainty (u'). The performance characteristics of the method were comparable for unstimulated and artificial saliva samples. The combined u' for individual chemicals at a concentration of 10 × LLOQ were within the range of 5.3-14 % for unstimulated saliva and 6.9-16 % for artificial saliva, except for the BisEMA homologues. Combined u' for the latter were 27-74 % in unstimulated saliva, and 27-79 % in artificial saliva. There was no detectable release of BPA from the test specimens, and the TPO concentrations were mainly below the LLOQ. TEGDMA and UDMA were detected in the highest quantities, and at comparable concentrations in the unstimulated and artificial saliva. For all BisEMA homologues, the release was higher in unstimulated saliva than in artificial saliva. The study showed that the artificial saliva model can be a suitable replacement for native saliva, but might underestimate leakage of more lipophilic methacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene A Grutle
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi V Holm
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde B M Kopperud
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Kim RJY, Kim DH, Seo DG. Post-polymerization of three-dimensional printing resin using a dental light curing unit. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:945-951. [PMID: 38618100 PMCID: PMC11010625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose In vat photopolymerization, post-polymerization of the three-dimensional (3D) printing resin is necessary to ensure the optimum physical properties of the printed objects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of a handheld polywave light-emitting diode (LED) dental light-curing unit (LCU) for post-polymerizing 3D printed resins by measuring the microhardness and biaxial flexural strength of the post-polymerized resin. Material and methods 3D printed 1- and 2-mm-thick disks were irradiated with a dental LCU at 3200 mW/cm2. Post-polymerization was repeated either on one side from the top surface: two cycles (T2), four cycles (T4), and eight cycles (T8), or on both sides from the top and bottom surfaces: one cycle (T1B1), two cycles (T2B2), and four cycles (T4B4) for each side. The microhardness and biaxial strength of the disks were compared to those post-polymerized by a conventional desktop polymerizing unit (PC) and those without post-polymerization (NC). Results Microhardness of the disks varied between the top and bottom surfaces of the 1-mm and 2-mm-thick disks, depending on the post-polymerization methods. T8 and T4B4 produced comparable microhardness on the top surface to PC for both thicknesses. In contrast, PC, T2B2, and T4B4 exhibited the highest microhardness on the bottom surface. Except for NC, the 1-mm-thick disks had a higher biaxial flexural strength than the 2-mm-thick disks. T4B4 resulted in the highest biaxial flexural strength for both thicknesses, which was comparable to that of the desktop polymerizing unit. Conclusion The microhardness and biaxial flexural strengths of the post-polymerized 3D-printed disks increase with polymerization time. With sufficient polymerization from both sides, the polywave LCU has the potential to be a viable alternative to desktop polymerization units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jin Young Kim
- Department of Dental Science, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Seoul Gospel Dental Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Gyu Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Aljehani A, Nabalawi A, Hefni A, Alsefri Z, Fakhry O, Al Zaibak W, Raffa O. Effect of build orientation on the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed anatomic provisional crowns: An in-vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:584-590. [PMID: 38690397 PMCID: PMC11056395 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have been increasingly used to fabricate provisional restorations in recent years. This study assessed how build orientation influences the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed crowns compared with milled provisional crowns. Methods The test group included 3D-printed crowns (Freeprint temp Shade A2, Detax, Ettlingen, Germany), which were further subdivided based on print orientation (0°, 45°, and 90°; n = 10 for each subgroup). The control group (n = 10) included milled crowns (Coratemp, White Peaks, Germany) with the same design as those of the test group. The margin quality of each crown was assessed at 60 × magnification using a digital stereomicroscope. A load-to-fracture test was performed by applying a force at a rate of 2 mm/min to assess fracture resistance. One sample from each subgroup was also subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Results The milled group exhibited the highest fracture resistance and marginal quality. Within the printed subgroups, the 0° group showed the best mean marginal quality, whereas the 90° group showed the lowest mean marginal quality (p < 0.05). Within the test groups, the 90° group had the highest mean fracture resistance (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the milled group exhibited the most homogenous boundaries, whereas among the 3D-printed subgroups, the samples printed at 0° had the best margin quality. Conclusion The manufacturing method significantly influences the marginal quality and fracture resistance. Milled crowns demonstrated superior marginal quality and fracture resistance compared to those of 3D printed crowns. Furthermore, the print orientation of 0° led to the best marginal quality, whereas printing at 90° led to the highest fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Hefni
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Alsefri
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Fakhry
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Al Zaibak
- Department of Periodontics and Implants, Joele special medical center, Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ossama Raffa
- Department of Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nassani LM, Azer SS, McDermitt JP, Robinson FG. Dentistry and Engineering: Interdisciplinary 3D Printing Education. J Dent Educ 2024. [PMID: 38532661 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Nassani
- Digital Dentistry and Advanced Technology, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shereen S Azer
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob P McDermitt
- Center for Design and Manufacturing Excellence, Medical Modeling, Materials, and Manufacturing (M4), The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fonda G Robinson
- Clinic Administration and Patient Care, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Palaszkó D, Németh A, Török G, Vecsei B, Vánkos B, Dinya E, Borbély J, Marada G, Hermann P, Kispélyi B. Trueness of five different 3D printing systems including budget- and professional-grade printers: An In vitro study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26874. [PMID: 38468926 PMCID: PMC10925989 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Problem Several types of 3D printers with different techniques and prices are available on the market. However, results in the literature are inconsistent, and there is no comprehensive agreement on the accuracy of 3D printers of different price categories for dental applications. Aim This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of five different 3D printing systems, including a comparison of budget- and higher-end 3D printing systems, according to a standardized production and evaluation protocol. Material and methods A maxillary reference model with prepared teeth was created using 16 half-ball markers with a diameter of 1 mm to facilitate measurements. A reference file was fabricated using five different 3D printers. The printed models were scanned and superimposed onto the original standard tesselation language (.stl) file, and digital measurements were performed to assess the 3-dimensional and linear deviations between the reference and test models. Results After examining the entire surface of the models, we found that 3D printers using Fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology -120.2 (20.3) μm create models with high trueness but high distortion. Distortions along the z-axis were found to be the highest with the stereolithography (SLA)-type 3D printer at -153.7 (38.7) μm. For the 4-unit FPD, we found 201.9 (41.8) μm deviation with the digital light processing (DLP) printer. The largest deviation (-265.1 (55.4) μm) between the second molars was observed for the DLP printer. Between the incisor and the second molar, the best results were produced by the FFF printer with -30.5 (76.7) μm. Conclusion Budget-friendly 3D printers are comparable to professional-grade printers in terms of precision. In general, the cost of a printing system is not a reliable indicator of its level of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Palaszkó
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Németh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gréta Török
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Vecsei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Vánkos
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elek Dinya
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Borbély
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Hermann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kispélyi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Heiba IM, Mohamed SL, Sabet ME. Accuracy and surface roughness of Co-Cr partial denture frameworks with different digital fabrication methods. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:520.e1-520.e7. [PMID: 38135640 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Traditional removable partial denture (RPD) manufacture is being phased out in favor of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques and rapid prototyping (RP), which provide more efficient methods of producing RPD frameworks. However, studies comparing the accuracy and surface roughness of these approaches on RPD frameworks are still scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy and surface roughness of class I cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) removable partial denture frameworks digitally constructed using 2 different CAD-CAM technologies: direct milling (DM) and selective laser melting (SLM). MATERIAL AND METHODS An educational maxillary stone cast was scanned to create a resin model after rest seat preparation. The resin model was scanned, and an RPD framework was digitally designed. Sixteen frameworks were constructed (n=8). Two groups were defined. In the direct milling (DM) group, the standard tessellation language (STL) file of the RPD framework was used to mill the design from a Co-Cr blank directly. In the selective laser melting (SLM) group, the STL file of the RPD framework was used to print the design from Co-Cr powder using the selective laser melting technique. Geomagic Control X software program was used to measure the accuracy of the fabricated frameworks. Surface roughness was tested using optical profilometry. An unpaired t test was used to compare the 2 groups (α=.05). RESULTS The DM group showed significantly higher mean ±standard deviation accuracy (189 ±9 µm) (P<.001) compared with the SLM group (456 ±122 µm). Regarding the surface roughness, the DM group (0.157 ±0.001 mm) showed significantly lower surface roughness (P<.001) compared with the SLM group (0.256 ±0.001 mm). CONCLUSIONS The direct milling fabrication technique enabled the fabrication of Co-Cr RPD frameworks with higher accuracy and less surface roughness when compared with the 3-dimensionally printed SLM technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mohamed Heiba
- Lectuer, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Lotfy Mohamed
- Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ezzat Sabet
- Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt
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Periferakis A, Periferakis AT, Troumpata L, Dragosloveanu S, Timofticiuc IA, Georgatos-Garcia S, Scheau AE, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Scheau C, Caruntu C. Use of Biomaterials in 3D Printing as a Solution to Microbial Infections in Arthroplasty and Osseous Reconstruction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:154. [PMID: 38534839 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of microbial infections in orthopedic prosthetic surgeries is a perennial problem that increases morbidity and mortality, representing one of the major complications of such medical interventions. The emergence of novel technologies, especially 3D printing, represents a promising avenue of development for reducing the risk of such eventualities. There are already a host of biomaterials, suitable for 3D printing, that are being tested for antimicrobial properties when they are coated with bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, or combined with hydrogels with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, such as chitosan and metal nanoparticles, among others. The materials discussed in the context of this paper comprise beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), hydroxyapatite, lithium disilicate glass, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), and zirconia. While the recent research results are promising, further development is required to address the increasing antibiotic resistance exhibited by several common pathogens, the potential for fungal infections, and the potential toxicity of some metal nanoparticles. Other solutions, like the incorporation of phytochemicals, should also be explored. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in the development of certain orthopedic implants and the potential use of AI against bacterial infections might represent viable solutions to these problems. Finally, there are some legal considerations associated with the use of biomaterials and the widespread use of 3D printing, which must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iosif-Aliodor Timofticiuc
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Spyrangelos Georgatos-Garcia
- Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT), Tilburg University, 5037 DE Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Corvers Greece IKE, 15124 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P.), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Sayed ME, Jain S, Ageeli AA, Alnajdi AK, Zain AA, Alali M, Alhazmi AAA, Alsubaiy EF, Alshehri AH, Alshahrani AA, Alamri M, Al Wadei MH, Jokhadar HF, Mattoo K. Influence of Chairside Simulated Adjustment (Finishing and Polishing) Protocol and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash Immersion on Color Stability and Translucency of 2 and 3 Preshaded Multilayered Monolithic Zirconia. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943404. [PMID: 38374614 PMCID: PMC10893764 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preshaded monolithic zirconia (MLZ) is reported to have high translucency. This study aimed to assess the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate (ChG) mouthwash on color and translucency parameter (TP) of 2 different preshaded MLZ dental ceramics after clinical adjustment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two MLZ disk-shaped specimens [NPM (Nacera Pearl Multi-Shade) (n=72) and CZM (Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer)] (n=72) were simulated for clinical adjustment, finished, and polished using 2 adjustment kits [recommended kit, third-party kit: Diasynt Plus and SUN (n=12 each)] and later immersed in ChG mouthwash (Avohex) for 2 weeks. Difference in color (ΔE) and TP (Y) were calculated using the CIELab formula after measuring the coordinates (Lab) with a colorimeter. Individual changes in color and TP were assessed on the Clinical acceptance (perceptible) threshold (CAT/CPT) and Translucency perception threshold (TPT), respectively. Differences between the 2 ceramics were assessed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests, with all differences considered significant at P<0.05. RESULTS NPM and CZM differed in color at baseline despite having the same Vita shade combination. Between the 2 preshaded MLZ ceramics, NPM showed significant changes in color when adjusted with a third-party kit. Chlorhexidine produced changes in color and TP that were designated as clinically perceptible (ΔE=1.0 to 3.3) on the CAT/CPT and TPT scales, irrespective of the adjustment kit used. ChG produced the least or no changes in glazed MLZ specimens. CONCLUSIONS ChG mouthwash, whenever prescribed for preshaded MLZ restoration, should be adjusted prior to final glazing to avoid clinical adjustments that adversely affects color and translucency of the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar A. Ageeli
- Dental Director Center and Specialty Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Dental Public Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asma Ahmed Zain
- Intern Clinic, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maimonah Alali
- Intern Clinic, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ebrahim Fihaid Alsubaiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hasan Alshehri
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahid Amer Alshahrani
- Department of Dental Technology, Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alamri
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Al Wadei
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam F. Jokhadar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Mattoo
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Caussin E, Moussally C, Le Goff S, Fasham T, Troizier-Cheyne M, Tapie L, Dursun E, Attal JP, François P. Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Actual Popular Technologies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:950. [PMID: 38399200 PMCID: PMC10890271 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, the current state of the art and recent advances in 3D printing in dentistry are explored. This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of 3D printing with a focus on vat photopolymerization (VP), the most commonly used technological principle in dental practice, which includes SLA, DLP, and LCD (or mSLA) technologies. The advantages, disadvantages, and shortcomings of these technologies are also discussed. This article delves into the key stages of the dental 3D printing process, from computer-aided design (CAD) to postprocessing, emphasizing the importance of postrinsing and postcuring to ensure the biocompatibility of custom-made medical devices. Legal considerations and regulatory obligations related to the production of custom medical devices through 3D printing are also addressed. This article serves as a valuable resource for dental practitioners, researchers, and health care professionals interested in applying this innovative technology in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Caussin
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | | | - Stéphane Le Goff
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Timothy Fasham
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Max Troizier-Cheyne
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Laurent Tapie
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- EPF École d’Ingénieurs, 94230 Cachan, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- Charles Foix Hospital, AP-HP, 94200 Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe François
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
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Kirby S, Pesun I, Nowakowski A, França R. Effect of Different Post-Curing Methods on the Degree of Conversion of 3D-Printed Resin for Models in Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:549. [PMID: 38399926 PMCID: PMC10892052 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effects of different post-curing units on the chemical properties (degree of conversion) of 3D-printed resins for producing models in dentistry. The goal is to determine whether less-expensive post-curing units can be a viable alternative to the manufacturer's recommended units. Forty-five samples were fabricated with an LCD printer (Phrozen Sonic Mini, Phrozen 3D, Hsinchu City, Taiwan) using MSLA Dental Modeling Resin (Apply Lab Work, Torrance, CA, USA). These samples were divided randomly into four different groups for post-curing using four distinct curing units: Phrozen Cure V2 (Phrozen 3D, Hsinchu City, Taiwan), a commercial acrylic nail UV LED curing unit (SUNUV, Shenzhen, China), a homemade curing unit created from a readily available UV LED light produced (Shenzhen, China), and the Triad® 2000™ tungsten halogen light source (Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA). The degree of conversion was measured with FTIR spectroscopy using a Nicolet 6700 FTIR Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Phrozen Cure V2 had the highest overall mean degree of conversion (69.6% with a 45 min curing time). The Triad® 2000 VLC Curing Unit had the lowest mean degree of conversion value at the 15 min interval (66.2%) and the lowest mean degree of conversion at the 45 min interval with the homemade curing unit (68.2%). The type of light-curing unit did not yield statistically significant differences in the degree of conversion values. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of conversion values between the 15 min and 45 min curing intervals. When comparing individual light-curing units, there was a statistically significant difference in the degree of conversion for the post-curing units between the 15 min and 45 min curing time (p = 0.029).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Kirby
- Graduate Prosthodontics Program, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada (I.P.)
| | - Igor Pesun
- Graduate Prosthodontics Program, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada (I.P.)
| | - Anthony Nowakowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo França
- Dental Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
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27
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Emam ANM, El-Esawy AA, Alyami MH, Baraka Y, Gad MM, Helal MA. Effect of Duplication Techniques on the Fitting Accuracy of CAD-CAM Milled, 3D-Printed, and Injection-Molded Mandibular Complete Denture Bases. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:32. [PMID: 38392236 PMCID: PMC10888425 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technology has been introduced in prosthodontics, and it has been widely used in denture duplication instead of a conventional denture duplication technique. However, research comparing different denture duplication techniques and how they affect the fitting accuracy of the denture base is scarce. OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess the impact of duplication techniques on the accuracy of the fitting surface of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled, 3D-printed, and injection-molded complete denture bases (CDBs). METHODOLOGY This study involved fabricating a mandibular complete denture base with three marked dimples as reference marks (A, B, and C at the incisive papilla, right molar, and left molar areas) using a conventional compression molded technique. This denture was then scanned to generate a standard tessellation language (STL) file; after that, it was duplicated using three different techniques (milling, 3D printing, and injection molding) and five denture base resin materials-two milled CAD-CAM materials (AvaDent and IvoBase), two 3D-printed materials (NextDent and HARZ Labs), and one injection-molded material (iFlextm). Based on the denture base type, the study divided them into five groups (each with n = 10). An evaluation of duplication accuracy was conducted on the fitting surface of each complete denture base (CDB) using two assessment methods. The first method was a two-dimensional evaluation, which entailed linear measurements of the distances (A-B, A-C, and B-C) between reference points on both the scanned reference mandibular denture and the duplicated dentures. Additionally, a three-dimensional superimposition technique was employed, involving the overlay of the STL files of the dentures onto the reference denture's STL file. The collected data underwent statistical analysis using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's pairwise post hoc tests. RESULTS Both evaluation techniques showed significant differences in fitting surface accuracy between the tested CDBs (p ˂ 0.001), as indicated by one-way ANOVA. In addition, the milled CDBs (AvaDent and IvoBase) had significantly higher fitting surface accuracy than the other groups (p ˂ 0.001) and were followed by 3D-printed CDBs (NextDent and HARZ Labs), while the injection-molded (iFlextm) CDBs had the lowest accuracy (p ˂ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The duplication technique of complete dentures using a CAD-CAM milling system produced superior fitting surface accuracy compared to the 3D-printing and injection-molded techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Naser M Emam
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ayman El-Esawy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Sina University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hamad Alyami
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Baraka
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Deraya University, Al-Menia 61111, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Helal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Narongdej P, Hassanpour M, Alterman N, Rawlins-Buchanan F, Barjasteh E. Advancements in Clear Aligner Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review of Direct-3D Printing Technologies. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38337260 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear aligners have revolutionized orthodontic treatment by offering an esthetically driven treatment modality to patients of all ages. Over the past two decades, aligners have been used to treat malocclusions in millions of patients worldwide. The inception of aligner therapy goes back to the 1940s, yet the protocols to fabricate aligners have been continuously evolved. CAD/CAM driven protocol was the latest approach which drastically changed the scalability of aligner fabrication-i.e., aligner mass production manufacturing. 3D printing technology has been adopted in various sectors including dentistry mostly because of the ability to create complex geometric structures at high accuracy while reducing labor and material costs-for the most part. The integration of 3D printing in dentistry has been across, starting in orthodontics and oral surgery and expanding in periodontics, prosthodontics, and oral implantology. Continuous progress in material development has led to improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and overall quality of aligners. Consequently, aligners have become less invasive, more cost-effective, and deliver outcomes comparable to existing treatment options. The promise of 3D printed aligners lies in their ability to treat malocclusions effectively while providing esthetic benefits to patients by remaining virtually invisible throughout the treatment process. Herein, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of studies regarding direct-3D printing of clear aligners up to the present, outlining all essential properties required in 3D-printed clear aligners and the challenges that need to be addressed. Additionally, the review proposes implementation methods to further enhance the effectiveness of the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poom Narongdej
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Mana Hassanpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Nicolas Alterman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | | | - Ehsan Barjasteh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
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29
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Todaro C, Cerri M, Rodriguez y Baena R, Lupi SM. Lower Jaw Full-Arch Restoration: A Completely Digital Approach to Immediate Load. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:332. [PMID: 38338217 PMCID: PMC10855469 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The digital transformation has revolutionized various sectors, including dentistry. Dentistry has emerged as a pioneer in embracing digital technologies, leading to advancements in surgical and prosthetic oral healthcare. Immediate loading for full-arch edentulous dental implants, once debated, is now widely accepted. This case report describes a 74-year-old patient with dental mobility and significant bone loss who was rehabilitated using a Toronto Bridge protocol on four dental implants with immediate loading. Digital planning, surgical guides, 3D printing, and precision techniques were employed. The surgery involved implant placement and prosthetic procedures. The patient reported minimal post-operative discomfort, and after four months, the definitive prosthesis was successfully placed. This case demonstrates the efficacy of immediate loading in complex dental scenarios with digital innovation, resulting in improved patient outcomes. The full digital workflow, including 3D printing and the use of modern materials, enhances the efficiency and predictability of oral rehabilitation, marking a transformative era in dental care. The integration of digital technology in all phases of treatment, from diagnosis to finalization, makes this approach safer, reliable, and efficient, thereby benefiting both patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Todaro
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.R.y.B.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Michael Cerri
- Private Practice, 29011 Borgonovo Val Tidone, Italy;
| | - Ruggero Rodriguez y Baena
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.R.y.B.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Saturnino Marco Lupi
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.R.y.B.); (S.M.L.)
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30
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Kim MC, Byeon DJ, Jeong EJ, Go HB, Yang SY. Color stability, surface, and physicochemical properties of three-dimensional printed denture base resin reinforced with different nanofillers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1842. [PMID: 38253714 PMCID: PMC10803297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Various materials have been introduced for the three-dimensional (3D) printing of dentures. In this study, the color stability and surface and physicochemical properties of 3D-printed denture base resins with four types of nanofiller particles were evaluated. Al2O3, ZnO, CeZr, and SiO2 nanofillers were added to a 3D printable denture base-resin matrix and subjected to digital light processing. The specimens were immersed in Coke, coffee, black tea, or distilled water for 6 days. For the assessment of color differences, 6 samples were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. In a separate investigation, surface properties of 10 samples were examined, while a different set of 6 samples was used to analyze water sorption and solubility. All experimental groups exhibited higher color stability in Coke than the control group. However, the groups containing ZnO and CeZr had lower color stability in coffee and black tea than the control group. Moreover, they had agglomerated nanofillers and lower gloss than the control group. Compared with that of the control group, the contact angle of the CeZr group and microhardness of the ZnO group were not significantly different. Water sorption was higher in the Al2O3 group, whereas the solubility of the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant. The results demonstrated the significant effect of ZnO and CeZr nanofillers on the color stability of the dentures when exposed to discoloring beverages. These results will facilitate the development of fillers that enhance the resistance of 3D printed denture base resins to discoloration in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chae Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Jung Byeon
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Go
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song-Yi Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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Hajjaj MS, Alamoudi RAA, Babeer WA, Rizg WY, Basalah AA, Alzahrani SJ, Yeslam HE. Flexural strength, flexural modulus and microhardness of milled vs. fused deposition modeling printed Zirconia; effect of conventional vs. speed sintering. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38185744 PMCID: PMC10771678 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods can be used for creating zirconia dental restorations, including 3-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing method for zirconia presents numerous advantages, albeit research on the mechanical properties of these materials and resultant restorations remains scarce. Such developments are undeniably intriguing and warrant further investigation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the sintering firing cycle (Conventional vs. Speed sintering) on the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Vickers Microhardness of milled vs. FDM printed zirconia. METHODS A total of 60 bars (2 × 5 × 27 mm) were fabricated for flexural strength testing, along with 40 discs (12 × 1.5 mm) for Vickers microhardness testing. Half of the specimens underwent conventional sintering, while the other half underwent a speed sintering cycle. The flexural strength and modulus were determined by a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine. The microhardness of the specimens was evaluated using a Vickers microhardness tester. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA test with a post-hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS CAD/CAM milled zirconia had significantly higher flexural strength and modulus than FDM-printed zirconia. The sintering process did not significantly affect the flexural strength or modulus of milled or FDM-printed zirconia. The milled speed sintering group had significantly higher values in the Vickers microhardness test compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of FDM-printed zirconia specimens were not found to be comparable to those of milled zirconia. Speed sintering cycle may produce milled zirconia restorations with similar flexural strength and modulus to conventional sintering, and even higher Vickers Microhardness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher S Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Advanced Technology Dental Research Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rana A A Alamoudi
- Prosthodontic Master Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Babeer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Basalah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed J Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin E Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lee CG, Jin G, Lim JH, Liu Y, Afrashtehfar KI, Kim JE. Influence of hydrothermal aging on the shear bond strength of 3D printed denture-base resin to different relining materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 149:106221. [PMID: 37976994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the repairability of three-dimensional printed (3DP) denture bases based on different conventional relining materials and aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The groups for surface characterization (surface-roughness and contact-angle measurements) were divided based on the denture base and surface treatment. Shear bond strength test and failure-mode analysis were conducted by a combination of three variables: denture base, relining materials, and hydrothermal aging (HA). The initial characterization involved quantifying the surface roughness (n = 10) and contact angle (n = 10) of denture base specimens with and without sandblasting (SB) treatment. Four relining materials (Kooliner [K], Vertex Self-Curing [V], Tokuyama Rebase II (Normal) [T], and Ufi Gel Hard [U]) were applied to 3DP, heat-cured (HC), and self-cured (SC) denture-base resin specimens. Shear bond strength (n = 15) and failure-mode analyses (n = 15) were performed before and after HA, along with evaluations of the fractured surfaces (n = 4). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for surface characterization, and a three-way ANOVA was conducted for shear bond strength. RESULTS The surface roughness peaked in HC groups and increased after SB. The 3DP group displayed significantly lower contact angles, which increased after treatment, similar to the surface roughness. The shear bond strength was significantly lower for 3DP and HC denture bases than for SC denture bases, and peaked for U at 10.65 ± 1.88 MPa (mean ± SD). HA decreased the shear bond strength relative to untreated samples. Furthermore, 3DP, HC, and SC mainly showed mixed or cohesive failures with V, T, and U. K, on the other hand, trended toward adhesive failures when bonded with HC and SC. CONCLUSION This study has validated the repairability of 3DP dentures through relining them with common materials used in clinical practice. The repairability of the 3DP denture base was on par with that of conventional materials, but it decreased after aging. Notably, U, which had a postadhesive application, proved to be the most effective material for repairing 3DP dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Gyu Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwa Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, University Street, Al Jerf 1, 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Aggarwal K, Nagpal K. Three-Dimensional Printing as a Progressive Innovative Tool for Customized and Precise Drug Delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:95-130. [PMID: 38037821 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023046832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
While using three-dimensional printing, materials are deposited layer by layer in accordance with the digital model created by computer-aided design software. Numerous research teams have shown interest in this technology throughout the last few decades to produce various dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry. The number of publications has increased since the first printed medicine was approved in 2015 by Food and Drug Administration. Considering this, the idea of creating complex, custom-made structures that are loaded with pharmaceuticals for tissue engineering and dose optimization is particularly intriguing. New approaches and techniques for creating unique medication delivery systems are made possible by the development of additive manufacturing keeping in mind the comparative advantages it has over conventional methods of manufacturing medicaments. This review focuses on three-dimensional printed formulations grouped in orally disintegrated tablets, buccal films, implants, suppositories, and microneedles. The various types of techniques that are involved in it are summarized. Additionally, challenges and applications related to three-dimensional printing of pharmaceuticals are also being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Aggarwal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, AUUP
| | - Kalpana Nagpal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP-201303, India
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Alqarni H, Alfaifi MA, Altoman MS, AlHelal AA, Magdy Ahmed W, Ahmed Azhari A, Kattadiyil MT. A novel digital workflow for fabricating artificial periodontal ligament using three-dimensional printing flexible resin: A dental technique. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:123-128. [PMID: 38375398 PMCID: PMC10874785 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of periodontal ligament (PDL) models for in vitro dental studies has seen a wide range of techniques and materials being utilized. This paper introduces a novel dental technique that employs a digital workflow for the fabrication of artificial PDL using three-dimensional printing of flexible resin. This innovative approach offers several advantages, including enhanced accuracy and realism in simulating PDL. The digital workflow facilitates a streamlined fabrication process, ensuring efficiency and precision. By presenting this novel technique, this digital approach contributes to the advancement of in vitro dental research, providing researchers with a reliable and realistic model for studying various dental phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Alqarni
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alfaifi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Altoman
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A AlHelal
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Magdy Ahmed
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Ahmed Azhari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathew T Kattadiyil
- Advanced Specialty Education Program in Prosthodontics, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Wang Z, Wang L, Tang F, Shen C. PLA-Based Composite Panels Prepared via Multi-Material Fused Filament Fabrication and Associated Investigation of Process Parameters on Flexural Properties of the Fabricated Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:109. [PMID: 38201774 PMCID: PMC10780428 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study prepares composite panels with three Polylactic acid (PLA)-based materials via the multi-material fused filament fabrication method. The influences of four processing parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed samples are investigated employing the Taguchi method. These parameters include the relative volume ratio, material printing order, filling pattern, and filling density. A "larger is better" signal-to-noise analysis is performed to identify the optimal combination of printing parameters that yield maximum bending strength and bending modulus of elasticity. The results reveal that the optimal combination of printing parameters that maximizes the bending strength involves a volume ratio of 1:1:2, a material sequence of PLA/foam-agent-modified eco-friendly PLA (ePLA-LW)/glass fiber-reinforced eco-friendly PLA (ePLA-GF), a Gyroid filling pattern, and a filling density of 80%, and the optimal combination of printing parameters for maximum bending modulus involves a volume ratio of 1:2:1 with a material sequence of PLA/ePLA-LW/ePLA-GF, a Grid filling pattern, and 80% filling density. The Taguchi prediction method is utilized to determine an optimal combination of processing parameters for achieving optimal flexural performances, and predicted outcomes are validated through related experiments. The experimental values of strength and modulus are 43.91 MPa and 1.23 GPa, respectively, both very close to the predicted values of 46.87 MPa and 1.2 GPa for strength and modulus. The Taguchi experiments indicate that the material sequence is the most crucial factor influencing the flexural strength of the composite panels. The experiment result demonstrates that the flexural strength and modulus of the first material sequence are 67.72 MPa and 1.53 GPa, while the flexural strength and modulus of the third material sequence are reduced to 27.09 MPa and 0.72 GPa, respectively, only 42% and 47% of the first material sequence. The above findings provide an important reference for improving the performance of multi-material 3D-printed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Lihan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Houston International Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Chengyang Shen
- Houston International Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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Frąckiewicz W, Królikowski M, Kwiatkowski K, Sobolewska E, Szymlet P, Tomasik M. Comparison of Dental Zirconium Oxide Ceramics Produced Using Additive and Removal Technology for Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry-Strength and Surface Tests: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:168. [PMID: 38204022 PMCID: PMC10779906 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the mechanical and functional properties of zirconium oxide ceramics made using 3D printing technology and ceramics produced using conventional dental milling machines. METHODS Forty zirconia samples were prepared for this study: the control group consisted of 20 samples made using milling technology, and the test group consisted of 20 samples made using 3D printing technology. Their surface parameters were measured, and then their mechanical parameters were checked and compared. Density, hardness, flexural strength and compressive strength were tested by performing appropriate in vitro tests. After the strength tests, a comparative analysis of the geometric structure of the surfaces of both materials was performed again. Student's t-test was used to evaluate the results (p < 0.01). RESULTS Both ceramics show comparable values of mechanical parameters, and the differences are not statistically significant. The geometric structure of the sample surfaces looks very similar. Only minor changes in the structure near the crack were observed in the AM group. CONCLUSION Ceramics made using additive technology have similar mechanical and surface parameters to milled zirconium oxide, which is one of the arguments for the introduction of this material into clinical practice. This in vitro study has shown that this ceramic can compete with zirconium made using CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Frąckiewicz
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Królikowski
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Konrad Kwiatkowski
- Department of Mechanics and Fundamentals of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Sobolewska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szymlet
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tomasik
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Šimunović L, Jurela A, Sudarević K, Bačić I, Haramina T, Meštrović S. Influence of Post-Processing on the Degree of Conversion and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polyurethane Aligners. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 38201683 PMCID: PMC10780983 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores how different post-processing methods affect the mechanical properties and degree of conversion of 3d-printed polyurethane aligners made from Tera Harz TC-85 resin. METHODS Using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the degree of conversion of liquid resin and post-processed materials was analyzed. This investigation focused on the effects of various post-curing environments (nitrogen vs. air) and rinsing protocols (centrifuge, ethanol, isopropanol, and isopropanol + water). The assessed mechanical properties were flexural modulus and hardness. RESULTS The degree of conversion showed no significant variance across different groups, though the polymerization environment influenced the results, accounting for 24.0% of the variance. The flexural modulus varied considerably, depending on both the rinsing protocol and the polymerization environment. The standard protocol (centrifugation followed by nitrogen polymerization) exhibited the highest flexural modulus of 1881.22 MPa. Hardness testing revealed significant differences, with isopropanol treatments showing increased resistance to wear in comparison to the centrifuge and ethanol rinse treatments. CONCLUSIONS This study conclusively demonstrates the adverse effects of oxygen on the polymerization process, underscoring the critical need for an oxygen-free environment to optimize material properties. Notably, the ethanol rinse followed by nitrogen polymerization protocol emerged as a viable alternative to the conventional centrifuge plus nitrogen method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šimunović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Antonija Jurela
- Dental Clinic Fiziodent, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.); (K.S.)
| | - Karlo Sudarević
- Dental Clinic Fiziodent, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.); (K.S.)
| | - Ivana Bačić
- Forensic Science Centre “Ivan Vučetić”, Ministry of the Interior, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Tatjana Haramina
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Senka Meštrović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Jeong M, Radomski K, Lopez D, Liu JT, Lee JD, Lee SJ. Materials and Applications of 3D Printing Technology in Dentistry: An Overview. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38275676 PMCID: PMC10814684 DOI: 10.3390/dj12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of 3D printing, the dental materials relevant to each mechanism, and the possible applications of these materials within different areas of dentistry. METHODS Subtopics within 3D printing technology in dentistry were identified and divided among five reviewers. Electronic searches of the Medline (PubMed) database were performed with the following search keywords: 3D printing, digital light processing, stereolithography, digital dentistry, dental materials, and a combination of the keywords. For this review, only studies or review papers investigating 3D printing technology for dental or medical applications were included. Due to the nature of this review, no formal evidence-based quality assessment was performed, and the search was limited to the English language without further restrictions. RESULTS A total of 64 articles were included. The significant applications, applied materials, limitations, and future directions of 3D printing technology were reviewed. Subtopics include the chronological evolution of 3D printing technology, the mechanisms of 3D printing technologies along with different printable materials with unique biomechanical properties, and the wide range of applications for 3D printing in dentistry. CONCLUSIONS This review article gives an overview of the history and evolution of 3D printing technology, as well as its associated advantages and disadvantages. Current 3D printing technologies include stereolithography, digital light processing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering/melting, photopolymer jetting, powder binder, and 3D laser bioprinting. The main categories of 3D printing materials are polymers, metals, and ceramics. Despite limitations in printing accuracy and quality, 3D printing technology is now able to offer us a wide variety of potential applications in different fields of dentistry, including prosthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial, orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontics. Understanding the existing spectrum of 3D printing applications in dentistry will serve to further expand its use in the dental field. Three-dimensional printing technology has brought about a paradigm shift in the delivery of clinical care in medicine and dentistry. The clinical use of 3D printing has created versatile applications which streamline our digital workflow. Technological advancements have also paved the way for the integration of new dental materials into dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Kyle Radomski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Diana Lopez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Jack T. Liu
- Dexter Southfield, Brookline, MA 02445, USA;
| | - Jason D. Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Sang J. Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
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Lee YC, Kim SG. Redefining precision and efficiency in orthognathic surgery through virtual surgical planning and 3D printing: a narrative review. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 45:42. [PMID: 38108939 PMCID: PMC10728393 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-023-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthognathic surgery, essential for addressing jaw and facial skeletal irregularities, has historically relied on traditional surgical planning (TSP) involving a series of time-consuming steps including two-dimensional radiographs. The advent of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing technologies has revolutionized this field, bringing unprecedented precision and customization to surgical processes. VSP facilitates 3D visualization of the surgical site, allowing for real-time adjustments and improving preoperative stress for patients by reducing planning time. 3D printing dovetails with VSP, offering the creation of anatomical models and surgical guides, enhancing the predictability of surgical outcomes despite higher initial setup and material costs. The integration of VSP and 3D printing promises innovative and effective solutions in orthognathic surgery, surpassing the limitations of traditional methods. Patient-reported outcomes show a positive post-surgery impact on the quality of life, underlining the significant role of these technologies in enhancing self-esteem and reducing anxiety. Economic analyses depict a promising long-term fiscal advantage with these modern technologies, notwithstanding the higher initial costs. The review emphasizes the need for large-scale randomized controlled trials to address existing research gaps and calls for a deeper exploration into the long-term impacts and ethical considerations of these technologies. In conclusion, while standing on the cusp of a technological renaissance in orthognathic surgery, it is incumbent upon the medical fraternity to foster a collaborative approach, balancing innovation with scrutiny to enhance patient care. The narrative review encourages the leveraging of VSP and 3D printing technologies for more efficient and patient-centric orthognathic surgery, urging the community to navigate uncharted territories in pursuit of precision and efficiency in the surgical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bestian Dental Clinics, Seoul, 06218, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Schmidt A, Berschin C, Wöstmann B, Schlenz MA. Chairside 3-D printed impression trays: a new approach to increase the accuracy of conventional implant impression taking? An in vitro study. Int J Implant Dent 2023; 9:47. [PMID: 38052992 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-023-00516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A high transfer accuracy of the intraoral implant position to a model is required, to manufacture implant-supported restorations. However, clinically relevant deviations persist between the intraoral implant position and the model obtained, even for the benchmark conventional custom implant impressions with polyether. Thus, new approaches using 3-D printed impression trays may increase the transfer accuracy of implant impressions. The ability to adjust parameters such as the thickness of the layers and the influence of the openings in the impression tray could potentially affect accuracy. METHODS Four different types of impression trays (n = 10 for each group) for the conventional impression technique were investigated: conventional custom impression tray, customized foil tray, chairside 3-D printed impression tray with the SHERA system, and the Primeprint system using an implant master model with four implants in the posterior region and a reference cube. After plaster model casting, all models were measured using a coordinate measuring machine, and the deviation from the reference dataset was determined. A statistical ANOVA analysis was performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS Chairside 3-D printed impression trays showed the best results, followed by conventional custom impression trays. Implant impressions obtained using a customized foil tray exhibited the lowest accuracy. Statistically significant differences were observed between 3-D printed impression trays and conventional custom impression and customized foil trays (p < 0.05). Whereas, the implant position did not have any significant influence on accuracy (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chairside 3-D printed impression trays significantly increase the transfer accuracy for implant impression taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cara Berschin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Hall MA, Karawia I, Mahmoud AZ, Mohamed OS. Knowledge, awareness, and perception of digital dentistry among Egyptian dentists: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:963. [PMID: 38049790 PMCID: PMC10694936 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital dentistry has revolutionized the way dental treatment is offered to patients. It became essential for dental practitioners to be well-informed about this technology to improve the quality of care offered and increase patient satisfaction. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and perception of Egyptian dentists toward digital dentistry. METHODS An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted using social media platforms from November 2022 to March 2023. Our study sample included dentists with different levels of experience, specialties, and working in different health sectors in Egypt. A questionnaire arranged in 4 sections and 23 questions was used as the study data collection tool. The data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 402 participants filled out this questionnaire. 50.7% of which were females, 42.8% were between 20-29 years old and 42.3% were general practitioners. Furthermore, the main practice of 27.6% was in governmental dental clinics. Moreover, 47.3% and 64.2% of participants had Moderate knowledge and awareness respectively. While 75.9% of them had a high perception of practicing digital dentistry. Females and practitioners in governmental clinics had significantly lower awareness scores, while faculty teaching staff had significantly higher scores (P ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, practicing in the Great Cairo region and urban areas was associated with significantly higher knowledge scores (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, Prosthodontists, periodontists, and restorative dentists had significantly higher scores when compared with general dentists (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS About half of the study participants had Moderate knowledge and awareness levels, while about three-quarters of them had a high level of perception toward practicing digital dentistry. Therefore, more attention should be given to providing dental education programs in this important field at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels by policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ashraf Hall
- Alexandria Dental Research Center, Ministry of Health and Population, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Inas Karawia
- Pediatric and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Zakaria Mahmoud
- Ministry of Health and Population, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, El Alamein, Egypt
| | - Osama Safwat Mohamed
- Dental Prosthesis Manufacture Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
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El Charkawi HG, Abdelaziz MS. Novel CAD-CAM fabrication of a custom-made ball attachment retentive housing: an in-vitro study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:520. [PMID: 37968756 PMCID: PMC10652503 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the digitally designed ball attachment housing in its initial retentive force and after 2 years of simulated clinical use and to compare it with the regular nylon ball attachment housing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty implants with their corresponding ball abutments (diameter 4.5 × 4.0 mm) were inserted in resin blocks. They were divided into two groups. In Group I, ten ball abutments each received their corresponding conventional attachment with nylon rings. In Group II, ten ball abutments received the novel CAD-CAM polyetheretherketone ball attachment housing. A universal testing machine was used to measure the retention force. The achieved maximum values of retention force were recorded at the beginning of the study (initial retention) and after 2 years of artificial ageing (2000 cycles of insertion and removal). Results were statistically analyzed using an independent sample T test. RESULTS The PEEK attachment housing showed high retention forces (25.12 ± 0.99 N) compared to the conventional attachment with a nylon ring (15.76 ± 0.93 N) in the initial dislodgement test. There was a statistically significant difference in mean retention at the initial retention test and after 2 years of stimulated usage between the two studied groups, p = 0.000. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the novel CAD-CAM-PEEK attachment showed high retention characteristics compared to the conventional attachment with nylon rings, initially and after simulated long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein G El Charkawi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University, Fifth Settlement, End of 90 Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Sameh Abdelaziz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University, Fifth Settlement, End of 90 Street, Cairo, Egypt
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Yangdol P, Kalra N, Tyagi R, Khatri A, Sabherwal P, Goyal T. Three-dimensional Printing Technology: Patient-friendly and Time-saving Approach for Space Management in an Autistic Child in COVID-19 Times. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:321-326. [PMID: 38268629 PMCID: PMC10804291 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective The present case report comprehensively illustrates the use of a novel digital three-dimensional (3D) printed band and loop space maintainer [computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)] for the guidance of eruption with their distinctive attribute of reduced chairside time in a home-schooled autistic child. Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising and emerging technology in the arena of dentistry based on CAD/CAM. It has led to the production of customized 3D objects or patient-specific prostheses with accurate results achieved in a time-saving manner. 3D printing has been employed in several latitudes of dentistry; however, the applications are few in the field of pediatric dentistry. Case description The paper describes the space management of an autistic child for the missing mandibular left primary second molar through the novel technique of 3D printed band and loop space maintainer. Clinical significance The novel technique has definite advantages, including high precision, accuracy, fast production, and reduced patient exposure to dentists and vice versa, which has been the need of the hour since the advent of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Conclusion Three-dimensional (3D) printing minimizes dental aerosol-generated exposure by decreasing chairside procedural time and minimizing procedural sitting. The cost-benefit analysis, as applied to the Indian scenario, has also been computed, which makes it equally acceptable. Moreover, 3D printing reduces material waste production, offering a greener and environmentally friendly option in the coming years. The future of pediatric dentistry will evolve with signs of progress in the latest materials and technologies. How to cite this article Yangdol P, Kalra N, Tyagi R, et al. Three-dimensional Printing Technology: Patient-friendly and Time-saving Approach for Space Management in an Autistic Child in COVID-19 Times. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S321-S326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Yangdol
- Department of Dentistry, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Namita Kalra
- Department of Dentistry, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rishi Tyagi
- Department of Dentistry, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Khatri
- Department of Dentistry, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sabherwal
- Department of Dentistry, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tavisha Goyal
- Department of Dentistry, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Cantó-Navés O, Michels K, Figueras-Alvarez O, Fernández-Villar S, Cabratosa-Termes J, Roig M. In Vitro Comparison of Internal and Marginal Adaptation between Printed and Milled Onlays. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6962. [PMID: 37959559 PMCID: PMC10650727 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Nowadays, milling is still the gold standard for fabricating indirect restorations, but to overcome its disadvantages, there are alternatives, such as 3D printing. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the gaps between the prepared tooth and milled and printed onlays fabricated with the same CAD design. It also aimed to determine the gap reproducibility across onlays fabricated by 3D printing and milling. METHODS A resin tooth was prepared for an onlay. After scanning the preparation, an onlay was designed with proprietary dental software. Next, 22 onlays were milled in a graphene-reinforced PMMA disc (Group 1), and 22 onlays were 3D-printed with a hybrid composite material (Group 2). After that, all fabricated restorations were scanned and superimposed on the scanned prepared resin tooth. Subsequently, a specific software was used to measure the margin, central, and intaglio-located gap between the milled or printed restoration and the preparation. Finally, measurements were compared with a multifactor analysis of variance. RESULTS The results demonstrated that printed onlays (Group 2) adapted better to the prepared tooth than the milled ones (Group 1) (p < 0.05). The comparison of standard deviations showed the better gap reproducibility of printed onlays (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study concluded that the printed onlays adapted significantly better to the prepared tooth than the milled onlays. Printed onlays also showed significantly better gap reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Cantó-Navés
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Kyra Michels
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oscar Figueras-Alvarez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Sandra Fernández-Villar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Josep Cabratosa-Termes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Miguel Roig
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-N.); (S.F.-V.); (J.C.-T.); (M.R.)
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Spatz HI, Schmitz JT, Singh A, Golden M, Riedel E, Randazzo JD, Huryn JM. Comparison of the weight of conventionally heat-processed hollow and solid obturators and 3D printed hollow obturators. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00645-5. [PMID: 37914607 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The weight of larger obturators places increased stress on the supportive teeth and bearing tissue and allows gravity to act as a dislodging factor affecting the stability and retention of the prosthesis. However, whether conventionally processed and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed hollow obturators have similar reduced weights compared with solid obturators is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the weight difference between conventionally heat-processed complete denture obturators with and without hollowing and 3D printed obturators with a hollow bulb. MATERIAL AND METHODS Obturators were fabricated as conventionally heat-processed solid obturators, conventionally heat-processed with a hollow obturator bulb, and 3D printed with a hollow obturator bulb. Nine obturator prostheses were fabricated for each type of Aramany Class I, Class II, and Class III defect. The weights of each of the 27 obturator prostheses were measured, and a statistical analysis was performed with exact versions of the Kruskal-Wallis test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (α=.05). RESULTS Conventionally heat-processed solid obturators were significantly heavier than the conventionally heat-processed hollow (P<.001) or the 3D printed hollow obturators (P<.001). No significant difference (P=.222) was found between the conventionally heat-processed hollow and 3D printed hollow obturators. The decrease in weight was proportional to the size of the defect with the Aramany Class I defect having the largest differences in weight between the different fabrication methods, followed by Class II, and then Class III with a much smaller defect. CONCLUSIONS Additive manufacturing could be a suitable alternative to conventional techniques for the fabrication of a closed hollow obturator because of the comparable weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison I Spatz
- Maxillofacial Prosthetics Fellow, Dental Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jaclyn T Schmitz
- Biomedical Engineer, Biomedical Systems, Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Annu Singh
- Research Fellow, Dental Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marjorie Golden
- Senior Dental Technician, Dental Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elyn Riedel
- Senior Biostatistician, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph D Randazzo
- Attending, Dental Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph M Huryn
- Chief, Dental Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY..
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de Abreu ECR, Jacomo TS, Macedo DSD, Costa WGS, Stegun RC, Brandt WC. Marginal discrepancy of lithium disilicate crowns made with digital and conventional technologies. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00646-7. [PMID: 37914606 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Digital technologies have brought different workflows to prosthetic rehabilitations, but analyses of the available processes and their influence on the marginal fit of complete crowns are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal discrepancy of lithium disilicate complete crowns made with different workflows. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty lithium disilicate crowns were made with 5 different workflows (n=10): G1-Analog (control): conventional flow/pressed crown; G2-Hybrid: hybrid flow/milled crown; G3-Hybrid: hybrid flow/pressed crown; G4-Hybrid: hybrid flow/printed wax pattern/pressed crown; G5-Digital: digital flow/milled crown. The specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the data were analyzed for normality and submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple comparisons were made by using the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS G4H (18.1 ±6.6 µm) had the lowest mean ±standard deviation marginal discrepancy values, statistically different from G2H (217.9 ±81.4 µm), G5D (236.4 ±89 µm), and G3H (661.8 ±61.9 µm) (P<.05). G3H had the highest marginal discrepancy values and were statistically similar to each other (P>.05). G1A (163.2 ±10.9 µm) had intermediate values, statistically similar to those of other groups (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The conventional method showed no statistical differences in marginal discrepancy compared with methods using digital technology (scanner, software, 3D printer, or milling machine).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Silva Jacomo
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Serrano de Macedo
- Professor, Department of Implantology, School of Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Gomes Soares Costa
- Post-graduate student, Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center (SLMANDIC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Chaib Stegun
- Full Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Cunha Brandt
- Full professor, Department of Implantology, School of Dentistry, University Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Wersényi G, Scheper V, Spagnol S, Eixelberger T, Wittenberg T. Cost-effective 3D scanning and printing technologies for outer ear reconstruction: current status. Head Face Med 2023; 19:46. [PMID: 37891625 PMCID: PMC10612312 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-023-00394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current 3D scanning and printing technologies offer not only state-of-the-art developments in the field of medical imaging and bio-engineering, but also cost and time effective solutions for surgical reconstruction procedures. Besides tissue engineering, where living cells are used, bio-compatible polymers or synthetic resin can be applied. The combination of 3D handheld scanning devices or volumetric imaging, (open-source) image processing packages, and 3D printers form a complete workflow chain that is capable of effective rapid prototyping of outer ear replicas. This paper reviews current possibilities and latest use cases for 3D-scanning, data processing and printing of outer ear replicas with a focus on low-cost solutions for rehabilitation engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Eixelberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg & Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany
| | - Thomas Wittenberg
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg & Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, D-91058, Germany
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da Silva TS, Horvath-Pereira BDO, da Silva-Júnior LN, Tenório Fireman JVB, Mattar M, Félix M, Buchaim RL, Carreira ACO, Miglino MA, Soares MM. Three-Dimensional Printing of Graphene Oxide/Poly-L-Lactic Acid Scaffolds Using Fischer-Koch Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4213. [PMID: 37959893 PMCID: PMC10648465 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately printing customizable scaffolds is a challenging task because of the complexity of bone tissue composition, organization, and mechanical behavior. Graphene oxide (GO) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) have drawn attention in the field of bone regeneration. However, as far as we know, the Fischer-Koch model of the GO/PLLA association for three-dimensional (3D) printing was not previously reported. This study characterizes the properties of GO/PLLA-printed scaffolds in order to achieve reproducibility of the trabecula, from virtual planning to the printed piece, as well as its response to a cell viability assay. Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the nanocomposites. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, and growth on the nanocomposites were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability tests revealed no significant differences among different trabeculae and cell types, indicating that these nanocomposites were not cytotoxic. The Fischer Koch modeling yielded satisfactory results and can thus be used in studies directed at diverse medical applications, including bone tissue engineering and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Santos da Silva
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Bianca de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - João Víctor Barbosa Tenório Fireman
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Michel Mattar
- Instituto de Reabilitação Oro Facial Osteogenesis S/S LTDA, Vila Olimpia 04532-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcílio Félix
- Department of Animal Anatomy, University of Marilia, Mirante, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Departament of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (T.S.d.S.); (B.d.O.H.-P.); (L.N.d.S.-J.); (J.V.B.T.F.); (A.C.O.C.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Animal Anatomy, University of Marilia, Mirante, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Melo Soares
- Instituto de Reabilitação Oro Facial Osteogenesis S/S LTDA, Vila Olimpia 04532-060, SP, Brazil;
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Chen M, Ren M, Shi Y, Liu X, Wei H. State-of-the-art polyetheretherketone three-dimensional printing and multifunctional modification for dental implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1271629. [PMID: 37929192 PMCID: PMC10621213 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1271629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with an elastic modulus close to that of the jawbone. PEEK has the potential to become a new dental implant material for special patients due to its radiolucency, chemical stability, color similarity to teeth, and low allergy rate. However, the aromatic main chain and lack of surface charge and chemical functional groups make PEEK hydrophobic and biologically inert, which hinders subsequent protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion and differentiation. This will be detrimental to the deposition and mineralization of apatite on the surface of PEEK and limit its clinical application. Researchers have explored different modification methods to effectively improve the biomechanical, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, angiogenic, antioxidative, osteogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic, and soft tissue adhesion properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in material property advantages, three-dimensional printing synthesis, and functional modification of PEEK in the fields of implant dentistry and provides solutions for existing difficulties. We confirm the broad prospects of PEEK as a dental implant material to promote the clinical conversion of PEEK-based dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Chen
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Ren
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingqi Shi
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- Hospital of Stomatogy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongtao Wei
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Espinar C, Della Bona A, Tejada-Casado M, Pulgar R, Pérez MM. Optical behavior of 3D-printed dental restorative resins: Influence of thickness and printing angle. Dent Mater 2023; 39:894-902. [PMID: 37598040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of thickness and printing angle on the optical properties of 3D-printed dental restorative resins. METHODS Four 3D printing resin systems were evaluated: DFT-Detax Freeprint Temp; FP- Formlabs Permanent Crown; FP- Formlabs Temporary CB; and GCT- GC Temporary-. Samples from each material were printed at 0° and 90°, and polished up to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm thickness. Scattering (S), absorption (K) and albedo (a) coefficients, transmittance (T%), light reflectivity (RI) and infinite optical thickness (X∞) were calculated using Kubelka-Munk's model. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis¸ Mann-Whitney tests, and VAF coefficient. RESULTS The spectral distribution on S, K, T%, RI,X∞ were wavelength dependent. Although the spectral behaviors were similar for all the specimens evaluated, the values of S, K, T% andX∞ presented significant differences between specimen thicknesses for all the materials used and for both printing orientations. Values for S and K increased, and T% and X∞ decreased. Significant differences between 0° and 90° were found for RI values at 0.5 and 1.0 mm thick samples, for S and K at 2.0 mm, for X∞ at 0.5 and 1.0 mm for DFT, and at 0.5 mm for FT. CONCLUSIONS Optical properties of 3D-printed restorative resins vary between thicknesses, and could be affected by the building orientation. Therefore, these factors should be considered in order to improve the biomimetic potential of 3D-printed dental restorative resins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the optical behavior of the 3D-printed restorative resins is essential to optimize their clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Espinar
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Tejada-Casado
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Pulgar
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María M Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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