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Jang TY, Liang PC, Jun DW, Jung JH, Toyoda H, Wang CW, Yuen MF, Cheung KS, Yasuda S, Kim SE, Yoon EL, An J, Enomoto M, Kozuka R, Chuma M, Nozaki A, Ishikawa T, Watanabe T, Atsukawa M, Arai T, Hayama K, Ishigami M, Cho YK, Ogawa E, Kim HS, Shim JJ, Uojima H, Jeong SW, Ahn SB, Takaguchi K, Senoh T, Buti M, Vargas-Accarino E, Abe H, Takahashi H, Inoue K, Huang JF, Chuang WL, Yeh ML, Dai CY, Huang CF, Nguyen MH, Yu ML. Pretreatment gamma-glutamyl transferase predicts mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:188-197. [PMID: 37885338 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels are associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related hepatocellular carcinoma. However, their role in predicting mortality in patients with CHB treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs (NAs) remains elusive. Altogether, 2843 patients with CHB treated with NAs were recruited from a multinational cohort. Serum GGT levels before and 6 months (Month-6) after initiating NAs were measured to explore their association with all-cause, liver-related, and non-liver-related mortality. The annual incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.9/100 person-years over a follow-up period of 17,436.3 person-years. Compared with patients who survived, those who died had a significantly higher pretreatment (89.3 vs. 67.4 U/L, p = 0.002) and Month-6-GGT levels (62.1 vs. 38.4 U/L, p < 0.001). The factors associated with all-cause mortality included cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.66/1.92-3.70, p < 0.001), pretreatment GGT levels (HR/CI: 1.004/1.003-1.006, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase level (HR/CI: 0.996/0.994-0.998, p = 0.001), and age (HR/CI: 1.06/1.04-1.07, p < 0.001). Regarding liver-related mortality, the independent factors included cirrhosis (HR/CI: 4.36/2.79-6.89, p < 0.001), pretreatment GGT levels (HR/CI: 1.006/1.004-1.008, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase level (HR/CI: 0.993/0.990-0.997, p = 0.001), age (HR/CI: 1.03/1.01-1.05, p < 0.001), and fatty liver disease (HR/CI: 0.30/0.15-0.59, p = 0.001). Pretreatment GGT levels were also independently predictive of non-liver-related mortality (HR/CI: 1.003/1.000-1.005, p = 0.03). The results remained consistent after excluding the patients with a history of alcohol use. A dose-dependent manner of <25, 25-75, and >75 percentile of pretreatment GGT levels was observed with respect to the all-cause mortality (trend p < 0.001). Pretreatment serum GGT levels predicted all-cause, liver-related, and non-liver-related mortality in patients with CHB treated with NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang Han Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ritsuzo Kozuka
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akito Nozaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masanori Atsukawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeang Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Korenobu Hayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eiichi Ogawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Koichi Takaguchi
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tomonori Senoh
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and CIBEREHD del Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Vargas-Accarino
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and CIBEREHD del Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kaori Inoue
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang H, Zheng H, Cao X, Meng P, Liu J, Zuo H, Zhang T, Wang Z. Association between serum γ-glutamyl transferase and advanced colorectal adenoma among inpatients: a case-control study. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1188017. [PMID: 38282678 PMCID: PMC10816217 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1188017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a link between γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and various malignancies. However, the relationship between GGT and advanced colorectal adenoma, a critical precursor to colorectal cancer, remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate this relationship. We conducted a single-center retrospective study from April 2015 to June 2022, enrolling 3534 inpatients including 525 cases and 3009 controls. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records, encompassing clinicodemographic characteristics, co-morbidities, and several blood biochemical indicators. Utilizing logistic regression and curve fitting, we explored the relationship between GGT and advanced colorectal adenoma. After adjustment for confounding factors, we found that for each 20-unit increase in GGT, the risk of advanced colorectal adenoma increased by 6% (OR= 1.06 [1.01-1.12]). Moreover, individuals with high GGT levels (≥50 U/L) had a 61% higher risk of advanced colorectal adenoma compared to those with low GGT levels (<50 U/L) (OR=1.61 [1.13-2.31]). Subgroup analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings across subjects with different characteristics. High GGT levels were associated with higher odds of advanced colorectal adenoma. Our findings suggest that elevated GGT levels may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for advanced colorectal adenoma, providing new insights into its screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huanwei Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Endoscopy, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinli Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiying Zuo
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Guan H, Liu K, Fan X, Yu H, Qin Y, Yang J, Zhu Z, Shen C, Pan E, Lu Y, Zhou J, Su J, Wu M. Association of gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes 2023; 15:674-684. [PMID: 37161588 PMCID: PMC10415869 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence links gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to mortality in the general population. However, the relationship of GGT with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk has been little explored in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS We recruited 20 340 community-dwelling T2DM patients between 2013 and 2014 in Jiangsu, China. Cox regression models were used to assess associations of GGT with all-cause and specific-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze dose-response relationships between GGT and mortality. Stratified analysis was conducted to examine potential interaction effects by age, sex, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 7.04 years (interquartile range: 6.98-7.08), 2728 deaths occurred, including 902 (33.09%) due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 754 (27.58%) due to cancer. GGT concentrations were positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest (Q5) vs. the lowest quintile (Q1) were 1.63 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.44-1.84) for all-cause mortality, 1.87 (95% CI: 1.49-2.35) for CVD mortality, and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.13-1.81) for cancer mortality. Effect modification by BMI and dyslipidemia was observed for all-cause mortality (both p for interaction <.05), and HRs were stronger in the BMI <25 kg/m2 group and those without dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, in Chinese T2DM patients, elevated serum GGT concentrations were associated with mortality for all-cause, CVD, and cancer, and further research is needed to elucidate the role of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and lipids in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xikang Fan
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Enchun Pan
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and ControlHuai'an City Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuai'anChina
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou City Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouChina
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Non‐communicable Chronic Disease ControlProvincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
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Liao W, Yang Y, Yang H, Qu Y, Song H, Li Q. Circulating gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and risk of pancreatic cancer: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank. Cancer Med 2023; 12:7877-7887. [PMID: 36583230 PMCID: PMC10134379 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level is associated with pancreatic cancer risk in a large prospective cohort. METHODS The study analyzed serum GGT concentration at baseline of 421,032 participants recruited in the UK Biobank since 2006 through 2010. Information on incidence of pancreatic cancer was obtained from cancer and death registers, updated until 2015 in Scotland or 2016 in England and Wales. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure the association between serum GGT and pancreatic cancer risk. RESULTS The study identified 586 cases of pancreatic cancer over a median follow-up period of 7.16 years. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox model, serum GGT level was associated with 14% higher pancreatic cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) per one standard deviation increment of log2 GGT level = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.28, p = 0.025). In the total population, the HR for the highest GGT group was 1.68 (95%CI: 1.22-2.30) versus the lowest GGT group. The HR for the highest GGT group in men (≥50.2 U/L) was 1.72 (95%CI: 1.14-2.61) and that in women (≥31.6 U/L) was 1.75 (95%CI: 1.06-2.88) versus the lowest GGT group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested a positive association of serum GGT in pancreatic cancer etiology, implying the potential of monitoring GGT level for identifying at-risk individuals for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Liao
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huazhen Yang
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Medical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Medical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Medical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Brozek W, Ulmer H, Pompella A, Nagel G, Leiherer A, Preyer O, Concin H, Zitt E. Gamma-glutamyl-transferase is associated with incident hip fractures in women and men ≥ 50 years: a large population-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1295-1307. [PMID: 35059776 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association of serum gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) with hip fracture risk has not been examined in women and men ≥ 50 years. We show that elevated GGT was associated with increased hip fracture risk, particularly in men. GGT could be a candidate serum marker of long-term hip fracture risk in the elderly. INTRODUCTION We herein examined a possible relation between serum levels of GGT and hip fracture risk in women and men aged ≥ 50 years, which has not been investigated before. METHODS In this population-based prospective cohort study, approximately 41,000 women and nearly 33,000 men ≥ 50 years participating in a medical prevention program 1985-2005 in western Austria were followed up for the occurrence of osteoporotic hip fractures during 2003-2013. ICD-10 based discharge diagnoses for hip fracture included S72.0, S72.1, and S72.2 available from all regional hospitals. GGT-related hip fracture risk was ascertained at each participant´s first and last examination during the prevention program. In a subset of 5445 participants, alcohol consumption could be included as a covariate. RESULTS In men, hip fracture risk rose significantly by 75% and 86% for every tenfold increase of GGT measured at the first and last examination, respectively, and in women, hip fracture risk rose by 22% from the last examination. Elevated GGT (≥ 36 U/l in women, ≥ 56 U/l in men) at the first examination was associated with increased hip fracture risk only in men (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25-1.82), and at the last examination in both women (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28) and men (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33-1.95). Alcohol consumption had no significant influence on GGT-mediated hip fracture risk in women and men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified an association of elevated GGT and hip fracture in women and men ≥ 50 years and suggest GGT as a candidate serum marker of long-term hip fracture risk in an elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brozek
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria.
| | - H Ulmer
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Pompella
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Università Di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Leiherer
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - O Preyer
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - H Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - E Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 (Nephrology and Dialysis), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
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Big and Free Fractions of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase: New Diagnostic Biomarkers for Malignant Mesothelioma? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020311. [PMID: 35204402 PMCID: PMC8870979 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a cancer mainly caused by asbestos fiber inhalation, characterized by an extremely long latency and poor prognosis. Recently, researchers have focused on testing the diagnostic ability of several biomarkers. Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been demonstrated to be the sum of several GGT sub-fractions activity, classified based on their molecular weight in big-GGT, medium-GGT, small-GGT, and free-GGT. This work aims to evaluate whether specific GGT fractional enzymatic activity patterns could be helpful in MPM diagnosis. We analyzed blood samples from 175 workers previously exposed to asbestos, 157 non-exposed healthy subjects, and 37 MPM patients through a molecular exclusion chromatographic method. We found a specific profile of GGT fractions activity, significantly associated with MPM, resulting in an increase in b-, m- activity, along with an evident, yet not significant, decrease in f-activity. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the best Area Under Curve (AUC) value resulted from the combined index b/f (0.679, 95% CI: 0.582–0.777). Combining the b-/f-GGT activity with the levels of serum mesothelin-related protein (SMRP; another promising MPM biomarker) improved the diagnostic accuracy, increasing the AUC value to 0.875 (95% CI: 0.807–0.943, p = <0.0001). Since MPM has a specific pattern of GGT enzymatic activity, we could hypothesize that GGT fractions play different specific biochemical roles. The improvement in the diagnostic power given by the combination of these two biomarkers confirms that the strategy of biomarkers combination might be a better approach for MPM diagnosis.
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Huang CF, Jang TY, Jun DW, Ahn SB, An J, Enomoto M, Takahashi H, Ogawa E, Yoon E, Jeong SW, Shim JJ, Jeong JY, Kim SE, Oh H, Kim HS, Cho YK, Kozuka R, Inoue K, Cheung KS, Mak LY, Huang JF, Dai CY, Yuen MF, Nguyen MH, Yu ML. On-treatment gamma-glutamyl transferase predicts the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver Int 2022; 42:59-68. [PMID: 34687130 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been predictive of chronic hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Its role in the risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogues (NAs) is elusive. METHODS A total of 2172 CHB patients from East Asia were randomized into development and validation groups in a 1:2 ratio. Serum GGT levels before and 6 months (M6) after initiating NAs and the potential risk factors were measured. The primary endpoint was HCC development 12 months after NA initiation. RESULTS The annual incidence of HCC was 1.4/100 person-years in a follow-up period of 11 370.7 person-years. The strongest factor associated with HCC development was high M6-GGT levels (>25 U/L; hazard ratio [HR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.31/2.02-5.42, P < .001), followed by cirrhosis (HR/CI: 2.06/1.39-3.06, P < .001), male sex (HR/CI: 2.01/1.29-3.13, P = .002) and age (HR/CI: 1.05/1.03-1.17, P < .001). Among cirrhotic patients, the incidence of HCC did not differ between those with high or low M6-GGT levels (P = .09). In contrast, among non-cirrhotic patients, the incidence of HCC was significantly higher for those with M6-GGT level >25 U/L than for their counterparts (P < .001). Cox regression analysis revealed that the strongest factor associated with HCC development in non-cirrhotic patients was high M6-GGT levels (HR/CI: 5.05/2.52-10.16, P < .001), followed by age (HR/CI: 1.07/1.04-1.09, P < .001). Non-cirrhotic elderly patients with high M6-GGT levels had a similarly high HCC risk as cirrhotic patients did (P = .29). CONCLUSIONS On-treatment serum GGT levels strongly predicted HCC development in CHB patients, particularly non-cirrhotic patients, treated with NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Cohort Study, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ping-Tung, Taiwan
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, South Korea
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Locomedical General Institute, Locomedical Eguchi Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ogawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eileen Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyan, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ritsuzo Kozuka
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Inoue
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Locomedical General Institute, Locomedical Eguchi Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lung Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Cohort Study, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Cohort Study, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Cohort Study, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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8
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Albhaisi S, Qayyum R. The association between serum liver enzymes and cancer mortality. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:75-81. [PMID: 34240258 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting levels of liver enzymes is often challenging because they may be influenced by metabolic processes beyond the liver. Given their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation and oxidative stress, higher levels of these enzymes may be associated with increased risk of mortality. However, studies have found inconsistent results. Thus, we examined the association of liver enzymes levels with cancer mortality in the general US adult population. We used the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016. Kaplan-Meier survival curve comparisons were examined across quartiles of liver enzymes. Cox proportional hazards models were built to examine the relationship between cancer mortality and liver enzymes quartiles without and with adjustment for potential confounding factors. During the 338,882 person-years follow-up, 1059 participants had cancer-related deaths. There was a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) levels and cancer mortality. There was no relationship between cancer mortality and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT); however, each 10 IU/L increase in GGT after median was associated with 1% higher mortality risk (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.02; P = 0.001). Only subjects with high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had higher cancer mortality (HR = 1.63; 95CI = 1.30, 2.05; P < 0.001 and HR = 1.52; 95%CI = 1.20, 1.94; P = 0.001, respectively). Only the lowest and highest serum ALT and AST levels are associated with increased cancer mortality. For ALP, the relationship is present at higher levels. The association with GGT was not robust to different analyses. The mechanisms underlying the observed relationships need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya Albhaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1250 E Marshall St, Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Rehan Qayyum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.
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9
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Revealing transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of γ-glutamyl transferase and keratin isoforms as novel cooperative biomarkers in low-grade glioma and glioblastoma multiforme. Genomics 2021; 113:2623-2633. [PMID: 34118380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and keratins (KRT) are key factors in regulating tumor progression rely on emerging evidence. However, the prognostic values of GGT and KRT isoforms and their regulation patterns at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have been rarely studied. In this study, we aimed to identify cooperative prognostic biomarker signature conducted by GGT and KRT genes for overall survival prediction and discrimination in patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). To this end, we employed a differential expression network analysis on LGG-NORMAL, GBM-NORMAL, and LGG-GBM datasets. Then, all the differentially expressed genes related to a GO term "GGT activity" were excluded. After that, for obtained potential biomarkers genes, differentially expressed lncRNAs were used to detect cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and trans-regulatory elements (TREs). To scrutinize the regulation on the cytoplasm, potential interactions between these biomarker genes and DElncRNAs were predicted. Our analysis, for the first time, revealed that GGT6, KRT33B, and KRT75 in LGG, GGT2, and KRT75 in GBM and KRT75 for LGG to GBM transformation tumors can be novel cooperative prognostic biomarkers that may be applicable for early detection of LGG, GBM, and LGG to GBM transformation tumors. Consequently, KRT75 was the most important gene being regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels significantly. Furthermore, CREs and their relative genes were coordinative up-regulated or down-regulated suggesting CREs as regulation points of these genes. In the end, up-regulation of most DElncRNAs that had physical interaction with target genes pints out that the transcripted genes may have obstacles for translation process.
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10
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Cho HM, Choi HM, Lee KE, Cho NP. Gamma-glutamyltransferase and the risk of head and neck cancer mortality. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:803-811. [PMID: 33760285 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the association between baseline serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels and the mortality risk of head and neck cancers. METHODS A total of 481 414 Korean participants aged 40-79 years at enrollment were examined. The hazard ratios for head and neck cancer mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, which were adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS In the overall study population, high gamma-glutamyltransferase levels were significantly associated with head and neck cancers mortality in a dose-response linear relation (p < 0.001). After excluding participants (n = 125) who died of head and neck cancers within five years of enrollment, the main results remained similar to those of the analysis of all 313 head and neck cancers deaths in the study population. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity is positively associated with an increased mortality risk in head and neck cancers in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Choi
- Department of Statistics, Research Institute of Applied Statistics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Nam-Pyo Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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11
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Lee YJ, Han KD, Kim DH, Lee CH. Determining the association between repeatedly elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels and risk of respiratory cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1366-1376. [PMID: 33638317 PMCID: PMC7925999 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although elevated serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a known indicator of increased risk of several cancers, the clinical value of repeated measurements of GGT has not been determined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether repeatedly elevated serum GGT levels are associated with the risk of respiratory cancer incidence. Methods We included participants who had undergone the Korean Health screening four times during 2009–2012 and had previously undergone four consecutive examinations. Those who were diagnosed with respiratory cancer before the date of examination were excluded. The participants obtained one GGT point if their GGT levels were in the highest quartile (the quartile 4 group). We analyzed the association between GGT points and respiratory cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazard models. Results During mean follow‐up of 6.39 ± 1.2 years, 3,559,109 participants were enrolled. Of them, 8,944 (0.34%) men and 1,484 (0.14%) women were newly diagnosed with respiratory cancer. In multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding factors, male participants with 4 GGT points had a significantly higher hazards of developing respiratory cancer than those with 0 GGT points (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–1.48). Among female, participants with the highest points of GGT also had sixfold increased risk of developing laryngeal cancer. However, no significant association was observed between GGT points and lung cancer incidence among women (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.81–1.11). Conclusion Repeatedly elevated serum levels of GGT were associated with a higher risk of respiratory cancer incidence, especially in men. This finding suggests that physicians can identify a person with a higher risk of respiratory cancer through a simple repeated measurement of GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kang Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hong SW, Lee HJ, Han K, Moon JM, Park S, Soh H, Kang EA, Chun J, Im JP, Kim JS. Risk of gastrointestinal cancer in patients with an elevated level of gamma-glutamyltransferase: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245052. [PMID: 33544706 PMCID: PMC7864398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence that an elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer, but still controversial. The aim of this study to assess the relationship between GGT level and risk of gastrointestinal cancer, and the contribution of the interaction of hyperglycemia with elevated GGT level to the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer by the stratified analysis. A total of 8,120,665 Koreans who received medical checkups in 2009 were included. Subjects were classified according to the quartile of GGT level for women and men. The incidence rates of gastrointestinal cancer for each group were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. During follow-up, 129,853 cases of gastrointestinal cancer newly occurred (esophagus, 3,792; stomach, 57,932; and colorectal, 68,789 cases). The highest GGT quartile group showed an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer (esophagus, hazard ratio = 2.408 [95% confidence interval, 2.184–2.654]; stomach, 1.121 [1.093–1.149]; and colorectal, 1.185 [1.158–1.211]). The risk increased significantly with the rise in GGT quartile level, regardless of the site of cancer. The stratified analysis according to glycemic status showed that the effect of elevated GGT was predominant in the risk of esophageal cancer. The effect of elevated GGT further increased the risk of stomach and colorectal cancers in diabetic patients. An elevated level of GGT was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer, regardless of the site of cancer. The effect of the increase in GGT level on the risk of gastrointestinal cancer depended on the type of cancer and glycemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seona Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hosim Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Lee CH, Han K, Kim DH, Kwak MS. Repeatedly elevated γ-glutamyltransferase levels are associated with an increased incidence of digestive cancers: A population-based cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:176-188. [PMID: 33510558 PMCID: PMC7807301 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between elevated γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) at a certain point and incident cancer has been suggested; however, no study has evaluated the association between repeatedly elevated GGT and cancer incidence.
AIM To investigate the effects of repeatedly elevated GGT on the incidence of digestive cancers.
METHODS Participants who had undergone health screening from 2009 to 2012 and 4 consecutive previous examinations were enrolled. GGT points were calculated as the number of times participants met the criteria of quartile 4 of GGT in four serial measurements (0-4 points). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied.
RESULTS In total, 3559109 participants were included; among them, 43574 digestive cancers developed during a median of 6.8 years of follow-up. The incidence of total digestive cancers increased in a dose-response manner in men [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) compared with those with 0 GGT points = 1.28 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24-1.33 in those with 1 point; aHR = 1.40 and 95%CI = 1.35-1.46 in those with 2 points; aHR = 1.52 and 95%CI = 1.46-1.58 in those with 3 points; aHR = 1.88 and 95%CI = 1.83-1.94 in those with 4 points; P for trend < 0.001]. This trend was more prominent in men than in women and those with healthy habits (no smoking, no alcohol consumption, and a low body mass index) than in those with unhealthy habits.
CONCLUSION Repeatedly elevated GGT levels were associated with an increased risk of incident digestive cancer in a dose-responsive manner, particularly in men and those with healthy habits. Repeated GGT measurements may be a good biomarker of incident digestive cancer and could help physicians identify high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 06236, South Korea
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14
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Corti A, Belcastro E, Dominici S, Maellaro E, Pompella A. The dark side of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT): Pathogenic effects of an 'antioxidant' enzyme. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:807-819. [PMID: 32916278 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Having long been regarded as just a member in the cellular antioxidant systems, as well as a clinical biomarker of hepatobiliary diseases and alcohol abuse, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme activity has been highlighted by more recent research as a critical factor in modulation of redox equilibria within the cell and in its surroundings. Moreover, due to the prooxidant reactions which can originate during its metabolic function in selected conditions, experimental and clinical studies are increasingly involving GGT in the pathogenesis of several important disease conditions, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, lung inflammation, neuroinflammation and bone disorders. The present article is an overview of the laboratory findings that have prompted an evolution in interpretation of the significance of GGT in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Corti
- Dept. of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, Italy
| | - Eugenia Belcastro
- Dept. of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, Italy
| | - Silvia Dominici
- Dept. of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, Italy
| | - Emilia Maellaro
- Dept. of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Dept. of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, Italy.
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15
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He MM, Fang Z, Hang D, Wang F, Polychronidis G, Wang L, Lo CH, Wang K, Zhong R, Knudsen MD, Smith SG, Xu RH, Song M. Circulating liver function markers and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1867-1878. [PMID: 33091956 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence links the liver to development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unknown how liver function may influence CRC risk in the general population. We conducted a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank of 375 693 participants who provided blood samples in 2006 to 2010. Circulating levels of liver function markers (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], total bilirubin [TBIL], gamma glutamyltransferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total protein [TP] and albumin [ALB]) were measured. Incident cancer cases were identified through linkage to the national cancer registry up to 2019. Repeated biomarker measurements were available from a subset of 11 320 participants who were re-assessed in 2012 to 2013. After a median follow-up of 10.0 years, we documented 2662 cases of CRC. Circulating levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT, TP and ALB at baseline were inversely associated with CRC risk (P < .01), with multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing decile 10 vs 1 of 0.62 (0.51-0.75), 0.63 (0.53-0.75), 0.85 (0.72-1.02), 0.74 (0.61-0.89), 0.70 (0.59-0.84) and 0.66 (0.55-0.79), respectively. Strengthened associations were found after recalibration for repeated measurements. The associations appeared stronger for proximal colon cancer than distal colon cancer and rectal cancer, but consistent for early-, mid- and late-onset CRC. In a large cohort of general population, the UK Biobank, higher circulating levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT, TP and ALB, largely within the normal range, were associated with a lower risk of CRC. The findings support a link between liver function and CRC, and may spur future research on the gut-microbiota-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Georgios Polychronidis
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Study Centre of the German Surgical Society, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus D Knudsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott G Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Derkach A, Moore S, Weinstein S, Albanes D, Sampson J. Associations between metabolites and pancreatic cancer risk in a large prospective epidemiological study. Gut 2020; 69:2008-2015. [PMID: 32060129 PMCID: PMC7980697 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether prediagnostic metabolites were associated with incident pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a prospective cohort study. DESIGN We conducted an untargeted analysis of 554 known metabolites measured in prediagnostic serum (up to 24 years) to determine their association with incident PDAC in a nested case-control study of male smokers (372 matched case-control sets) and an independent nested case-control study that included women and non-smokers (107 matched sets). Metabolites were measured using Orbitrap Elite or Q-Exactive high-resolution/accurate mass spectrometers. Controls were matched to cases by age, sex, race, date of blood draw, and follow-up time. We used conditional logistic regression adjusted for age to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for a 1 SD increase in log-metabolite level separately in each cohort and combined the two ORs using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty-one metabolites were significantly associated with PDAC at a false discovery rate <0.05 with 12 metabolites below the Bonferroni-corrected threshold (p<9.04×10-5). Similar associations were observed in both cohorts. The dipeptides glycylvaline, aspartylphenylalanine, pyroglutamylglycine, phenylalanylphenylalanine, phenylalanylleucine and tryptophylglutamate and amino acids aspartate and glutamate were positively while the dipeptides tyrosylglutamine and α-glutamyltyrosine, fibrinogen cleavage peptide DSGEGDFXAEGGGVR and glutathione-related amino acid cysteine-glutathione disulfide were inversely associated with PDAC after Bonferroni correction. Five top metabolites demonstrated significant time-varying associations (p<0.023) with the strongest associations observed 10-15 years after participants' blood collection and attenuated thereafter. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that prediagnostic metabolites related to subclinical disease, γ-glutamyl cycle metabolism and adiposity/insulin resistance are associated with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Biostatistics Branch, Division Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Steven Moore
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
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17
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Guo J, Liu S, Gao S, Kou F, Zhang X, Liu P, Yang R, Zhu X. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase as a Prognostic Biomarker in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 32:419-428.e2. [PMID: 33067120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving transarterial chemoembolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 140 patients (123 male, 17 female; mean age, 56.9 y ± 12.0; range, 22.0-82.0 y) with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer class C HCC who received first-line conventional chemoembolization between December 2013 and March 2018. Patients were divided into low and high GGT groups based on a cutoff value calculated with a receiver operating characteristic curve. Overall survival (OS) was compared between groups by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. RESULTS The optimal cutoff values of GGT were 119.5 U/L in men and 175.0 U/L in women. The 6-, 9-, and 12-mo OS rates were 81.7%, 72.4%, and 62.9%, respectively, for patients in the low GGT group (n = 44) and 58.8%, 35.7%, and 28.8%, respectively, for patients in the high GGT group (n = 96; P < .001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified high pretreatment serum GGT level (hazard ratio [HR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-4.40; P < .001), multiple tumors (HR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.23-7.53; P = .02), and performance of target treatment (ie, sorafenib; HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24-0.72; P = .002) or ablation (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18-0.66; P = .001) as independent prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment serum GGT level was an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with advanced HCC treated with chemoembolization, suggesting that GGT is a useful prognostic biomarker for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Guo
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Shaoxing Liu
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Fuxin Kou
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Renjie Yang
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Interventional therapy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China.
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Hong TC, Yang HC, Chen CL, Kao JH, Liu CJ, Chen MJ, Wang HY, Kuo YC, Yu LY, Hu KC. Relationship between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level and colorectal adenoma. PLoS One 2020. [DOI: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Hong TC, Yang HC, Chen CL, Kao JH, Liu CJ, Chen MJ, Wang HY, Kuo YC, Yu LY, Hu KC. Relationship between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level and colorectal adenoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240445. [PMID: 33048943 PMCID: PMC7553303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cost-effective serology tests may increase the predictive accuracy of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Reportedly, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is associated with oxidative stress and carcinogenesis and has been found to be elevated in the serum of cancer patients and colorectal adenoma tissue. We aimed to investigate the association between serum GGT levels and colorectal adenoma. Methods This single-center, health examination-based cohort enrolled 2475 subjects from 2006 to 2015. Baseline characteristics, laboratory data, bidirectional gastrointestinal endoscopy, and transabdominal ultrasonography were used to evaluate the severity of fatty liver. Results We found an elevated median GGT level in subjects with tubular adenoma compared with those without (23 IU/L and 20 IU/L, p<0.001). A GGT cutoff of ≥20 IU/L reached a maximal Youden index in receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses. Subsequent regression analyses showed an odds ratio of 1.46 (95% CI 1.17–1.82, p<0.001) for age, body mass index, diabetes diagnosis, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and positive Helicobacter pylori urease test, all being associated with an increased incidence of colon adenoma. Subgroup analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.68, p<0.001) is only significant and highest in patients with a negative or mild fatty liver and an ALT level of ≤40 IU/L. Conclusions The results suggested a positive correlation of GGT with colon adenoma incidence and a predictive value with a cutoff point of >20 IU/L, which is within the normal range. The effect may be most prominent for those without steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Che Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Yip Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chun Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Evaluation Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lee YB, Han K, Park S, Kim SM, Kim NH, Choi KM, Baik SH, Park YG, Yoo HJ. Gamma-glutamyl transferase variability and risk of dementia: A nationwide study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1105-1114. [PMID: 32392636 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Variability in various biomarkers has emerged as a new clinical indicator for diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has a potential to be involved in the pathogenesis of dementia due to its function as a marker of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. We investigated the association between baseline GGT, GGT variability, and dementia risk for the first time in a large population. METHODS The Korean National Health Insurance Service datasets of claims and preventive health check-ups from 2004 to 2016 were used for this retrospective longitudinal study. The risk of incident dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia) was analyzed according to sex-specific quartiles of baseline GGT and GGT variability, and groups categorized by baseline GGT and GGT variability in ≥40-year-old individuals without baseline dementia (N = 6 046 442; mean follow-up 6.32 years). RESULTS During follow-up, 166 851 cases of new dementia developed. The fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident dementia increased in the higher quartiles of baseline GGT and GGT variability (HR [95% CI]: Q2, 1.034 [1.019-1.049]; Q3, 1.090 [1.075-1.105]; Q4, 1.212 [1.196-1.229]). The association between GGT variability quartiles and dementia risk remained significant even after adjusting for log-transformed baseline GGT level. The fully adjusted HRs for dementia was highest in the group with high baseline GGT concentration and the highest GGT variability quartile [HR (95% CI): 1.273 (1.250-1.296)]. CONCLUSIONS Not only baseline GGT level, but also GGT variability may be an independent predictor of dementia, and might be used for risk stratification for future dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mee Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xiao B, Peng J, Tang J, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Wu X, Ding P, Lin J, Pan Z. Serum Gamma Glutamyl transferase is a predictor of recurrence after R0 hepatectomy for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920947971. [PMID: 32913447 PMCID: PMC7444105 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920947971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) has been shown as a prognostic marker in many cancers. The aim of this study was to explore whether serum GGT could predict tumor recurrence in patients with liver-confined colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) undergoing R0 resection. Methods: We reviewed patients who had underwent liver surgery for CRCLM. Patients with liver-only metastases that underwent R0 resection were included. Pre-operative serum GGT were classified into either high or low using a cut-off value of 33 U/L for female and 51 U/L for male. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was compared in relation to GGT and other clinicopathological factors. Results: Of the 350 patients included, 108 (30.9%) had a high serum GGT. Patients with metachronous liver metastases, number of metastases ⩾2, size of the largest metastasis ⩾3 cm, or a history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a higher GGT level (p = 0.001, 0.027, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). In survival analyses, patients with a high GGT had a shorter RFS than those with a low GGT, with a median RFS of 11.8 versus 30.3 months (p < 0.001). RFS was also associated with the number of metastases, size of the largest metastasis and the delivery of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, GGT remained an independent prognostic factor of RFS. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the serum GGT level before liver surgery is an adverse prognostic factor of RFS for patients with liver-confined CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peirong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junzhong Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
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Chen X, Hu X, Hu J, Qiu Z, Yuan M, Zheng G. Celastrol-Loaded Galactosylated Liposomes Effectively Inhibit AKT/c-Met-Triggered Rapid Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:738-747. [PMID: 31904241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study proved that celastrol was a potential candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. However, poor water solubility and toxic side effects may restrict its clinical application. To overcome these shortcomings and optimize its antitumor efficacy, we developed galactosylated liposomes using galactose-modified 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) to deliver celastrol (C-GPL). C-GPL improved the water solubility of celastrol and exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, good stability in serum, and slow drug release profile. In vitro studies showed that C-GPL increased the cellular uptake of celastrol through receptor-mediated endocytosis, thereby enhancing celastrol cytotoxicity and cancer cell apoptosis. Particularly, in vivo antitumor activity of C-GPL was assessed in rapid HCC mouse models established via hydrodynamic transfection of the activated forms of AKT and c-Met. Compared to free celastrol, C-GPL significantly prevented liver weight gain, decreased liver damage biomarkers (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alanine aminotransferase) and HCC marker (alpha-fetoprotein), and led to tumor disappearance on the liver surface. The improved therapeutic effect of C-GPL may be attributed to suppression of AKT activation, induction of apoptosis, and retardation of cell proliferation. Importantly, C-GPL exerted low toxicity to normal tissues without causing severe weight loss in mice. Taken together, C-GPL may become a promising drug delivery system for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xianxian Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kim D, Byun J, Park J, Lee Y, Shim G, Oh YK. Biomimetic polymeric nanoparticle-based photodynamic immunotherapy and protection against tumor rechallenge. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1106-1116. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to design a bionanomaterial that could exert anticancer effects against primary tumors and protect against rechallenged tumorsviaphotodynamic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gayong Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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Yang H, Yang Y, Dou J, Cui R, Cheng Z, Han Z, Liu F, Yu X, Zhou X, Yu J, Liang P. Cholecystectomy is associated with higher risk of recurrence after microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:478-491. [PMID: 32587783 PMCID: PMC7309471 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between cholecystectomy and the prognostic outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent microwave ablation (MWA). Methods: Patients with HCC (n = 921) who underwent MWA were included and divided into cholecystectomy (n = 114) and non-cholecystectomy groups (n = 807). After propensity score matching (PSM) at a 1:2 ratio, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were analyzed to compare prognostic outcomes between the cholecystectomy (n = 114) and non-cholecystectomy groups (n = 228). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to assess potential risk factors for OS and DFS. Major complications were also compared between the groups. Results: After matching, no significant differences between groups were observed in baseline characteristics. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 96.5%, 82.1%, and 67.1% in the cholecystectomy group, and 97.4%, 85.2%, and 74.4% in the non-cholecystectomy group (P = 0.396); the 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates were 58.4%, 34.5%, and 26.6% in the cholecystectomy group, and 73.6%, 44.7%, and 32.2% in the non-cholecystectomy group (P = 0.026), respectively. The intrahepatic distant recurrence rate in the cholecystectomy group was significantly higher than that in the non-cholecystectomy group (P = 0.026), and the local tumor recurrence and extrahepatic recurrence rates did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.609 and P = 0.879). Multivariate analysis revealed that cholecystectomy (HR = 1.364, 95% CI 1.023–1.819, P = 0.035), number of tumors (2 vs. 1: HR = 2.744, 95% CI 1.925–3.912, P < 0.001; 3 vs. 1: HR = 3.411, 95% CI 2.021–5.759, P < 0.001), and γ-GT levels (HR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.000–1.006, P < 0.024) were independent risk factors for DFS. The best γ-GT level cut-off value for predicting median DFS was 39.6 U/L (area under the curve = 0.600, P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between cholecystectomy and γ-GT level (r = 0.108, 95% CI −0.001–0.214, P = 0.047). Subgroup analysis showed that the DFS rates were significantly higher in the non-cholecystectomy group than the cholecystectomy group when γ-GT ≥39.6 U/L (P = 0.044). The 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-year recurrence rates from the time of cholecystectomy were 2.63%, 21.93%, 42.11%, 58.77%, and 65.79%, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between cholecystectomy and the time from cholecystectomy to recurrence (r = 0.205, 95% CI 0.016–0.379, P = 0.029). There were no significant differences in complications between groups (P = 0.685). Conclusions: Patients with HCC who underwent cholecystectomy were more likely to develop intrahepatic distant recurrence after MWA, an outcome probably associated with increased γ-GT levels. Moreover, the recurrence rates increased with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianping Dou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiyu Han
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fangyi Liu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Yang S, He X, Liu Y, Ding X, Jiang H, Tan Y, Lu H. Prognostic Significance of Serum Uric Acid and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1415421. [PMID: 31885729 PMCID: PMC6918938 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1415421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aim to evaluate the prognostic role of serum uric acid and gamma-glutamyltransferase in advanced gastric cancer patients. METHODS A total of 180 patients pathologically diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer were included in this retrospective study. We used time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to identify the optimal cut-off value of serum uric acid (UA) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied. A nomogram was formulated, and the calibration and discrimination of the nomogram were determined by calibration curve and concordance index (C-index). We validated the results using bootstrap resampling and a separate study on 60 patients collected from 2015 to 2017 using the same criteria in other medical center. RESULTS Both higher serum uric acid (>228 μmol/L) and higher gamma-glutamyltransferase (>14 U/L) had worse OS and PFS. Univariate analysis indicated that serum uric acid (UA) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.044) were significantly related to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed serum uric acid (UA) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were independent prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.012, p = 0.001). The optimal agreement between actual observation and nomogram prediction was shown by calibration curves. The C-indexes of the nomogram for predicting OS and PFS were 0.748 (95% CI: 0.70-0.79) and 0.728 (95% CI: 0.6741-0.7819), respectively. The results were confirmed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION We observed that both serum UA and GGT were poor prognostic factors in patients with advanced gastric cancer. And we also formulated and validated a nomogram which can predict individual survival for advanced gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjia He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Nursing Department, Jinan Seventh People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiping Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ye Tan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haijun Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Santaolalla A, Garmo H, Grigoriadis A, Ghuman S, Hammar N, Jungner I, Walldius G, Lambe M, Holmberg L, Van Hemelrijck M. Metabolic profiles to predict long-term cancer and mortality: the use of latent class analysis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:28. [PMID: 31337337 PMCID: PMC6651931 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolites are genetically and environmentally determined. Consequently, they can be used to characterize environmental exposures and reveal biochemical mechanisms that link exposure to disease. To explore disease susceptibility and improve population risk stratification, we aimed to identify metabolic profiles linked to carcinogenesis and mortality and their intrinsic associations by characterizing subgroups of individuals based on serum biomarker measurements. We included 13,615 participants from the Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk Study who had measurements for 19 biomarkers representative of central metabolic pathways. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was applied to characterise individuals based on their biomarker values (according to medical cut-offs), which were then examined as predictors of cancer and death using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS LCA identified four metabolic profiles within the population: (1) normal values for all markers (63% of population); (2) abnormal values for lipids (22%); (3) abnormal values for liver functioning (9%); (4) abnormal values for iron and inflammation metabolism (6%). All metabolic profiles (classes 2-4) increased risk of cancer and mortality, compared to class 1 (e.g. HR for overall death was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.16-1.37), 1.67 (95% CI: 1.47-1.90), and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.05-1.41) for class 2, 3, and 4, respectively). CONCLUSION We present an innovative approach to risk stratify a well-defined population based on LCA metabolic-defined subgroups for cancer and mortality. Our results indicate that standard of care baseline serum markers, when assembled into meaningful metabolic profiles, could help assess long term risk of disease and provide insight in disease susceptibility and etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Santaolalla
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hans Garmo
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, King’s College London, London, UK
- Regional Oncologic Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Bioinformatics, Breast Cancer Now, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sundeep Ghuman
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, King’s College London, London, UK
- Guy’s and St Thomas, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Jungner
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Walldius
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmberg
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research, King’s College London, London, UK
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ou-Yang J, Li Y, Jiang WL, He SY, Liu HW, Li CY. Fluorescence-Guided Cancer Diagnosis and Surgery by a Zero Cross-Talk Ratiometric Near-Infrared γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1056-1063. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Shuang-Yan He
- Hunan SJA Laboratory
Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha 400125, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
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Ou-Yang J, Li YF, Wu P, Jiang WL, Liu HW, Li CY. Detecting and Imaging of γ-Glutamytranspeptidase Activity in Serum, Live Cells, and Pathological Tissues with a High Signal-Stability Probe by Releasing a Precipitating Fluorochrome. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1354-1361. [PMID: 29877700 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamytranspeptidase (GGT) is a significant tumor-related biomarker that overexpresses in several tumor cells. Accurate detection and imaging of GGT activity in serum, live cells, and pathological tissues hold great significance for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management. Recently developed small molecule fluorescent probes for GGT tend to diffuse to the whole cytoplasm and then translocate out of live cells after enzymatic reaction, which make them fail to provide high spatial resolution and long-term imaging in biological systems. To address these problems, a novel fluorescent probe (HPQ-PDG) which releases a precipitating fluorochrome upon the catalysis of GGT is designed and synthesized. HPQ-PDG is able to detect GGT activity with high spatial resolution and good signal-stability. The large Stokes shift of the probe enables it to detect the activity of GGT in serum samples with high sensitivity. To our delight, the probe is used for imaging GGT activity in live cells with the ability of discriminating cancer cells from normal cells. What's more, we successfully apply it for pathological tissues imaging, with the results indicating that the potential application of HPQ-PDG in histopathological examination. All these results demonstrate the potential application of HPQ-PDG in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Bosco C, Garmo H, Hammar N, Walldius G, Jungner I, Malmström H, Holmberg L, Van Hemelrijck M. Glucose, lipids and gamma-glutamyl transferase measured before prostate cancer diagnosis and secondly diagnosed primary tumours: a prospective study in the Swedish AMORIS cohort. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:205. [PMID: 29463235 PMCID: PMC5819686 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Improvements in detection and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) translate into more men living with PCa, who are therefore potentially at risk of a secondly diagnosed primary tumour (SDPTs). Little is known about potential biochemical mechanisms linking PCa with the occurrence of SDPTs. The current study aims to investigate serum biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) measured prior to PCa diagnosis and their association with the occurrence of SDPTS. Methods From the Swedish AMORIS cohort, we selected all men diagnosed with PCa between 1996 and 2011, with at least one of the five biomarkers of interest (glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), GGT) measured on average 16 years before PCa diagnosis (n = 10,791). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) for risk of SDPTs (overall and subtypes) by levels of the five biomarkers. Effect modification of treatment was assessed. Results 811 SDPTS were diagnosed during a median follow-up time of 5 years. Elevated levels of triglycerides (HR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.17–1.60), TC (HR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.04–1.42) and GGT (HR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.02–1.71) were associated with an increased risk of SDPTs. Risk of SDPTs subtypes varied by biomarkers. Conclusion Elevated levels of biomarkers of lipid metabolism and GGT measured prior to PCa diagnosis were associated with an increased risk of SDPTs, suggesting a potential common biochemical background for development of PCa and SDPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bosco
- King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR) Division of Cancer Studies King's College London Research Oncology, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Hans Garmo
- King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR) Division of Cancer Studies King's College London Research Oncology, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Evidence & Observational Research, Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Göran Walldius
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Jungner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Malmström
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmberg
- King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR) Division of Cancer Studies King's College London Research Oncology, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR) Division of Cancer Studies King's College London Research Oncology, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bălăeţ C, Coculescu BI, Manole G, Bălăeţ M, Dincă GV. Gamma-glutamyltransferase, possible novel biomarker in colon diverticulosis: a case-control study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:428-432. [PMID: 29372651 PMCID: PMC6009901 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1428802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is recognized in medical practice as a useful indicator for the detection of liver lesions, especially those induced by the excessive consumption of alcoholic or cholesterol-associated drinks. The present study, although it includes a very small number of cases diagnosed with colon diverticulosis-diverticulitis associated with polyposis at the same intestinal level, identifies the presence of increased circulating concentrations of this enzyme in the serum. Its serum levels are tracked “dynamically” throughout a year after the diagnosis and start of the therapy. The study calls into question the release of the enzyme from the edge of the enterocytes’ brush-like edge, leading to the pathogenic disturbance of regional redox homeostasis. The hypothesis gives the circulating values of GGT predictive value for cellular oxidative stress, as well as for indirectly expressing the glutathione level in cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Bălăeţ
- a Faculty of General Nursing , Bioterra University , Bucharest , Romania.,b Lil Med Clinic , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Bogdan Ioan Coculescu
- a Faculty of General Nursing , Bioterra University , Bucharest , Romania.,c Faculty of Medecine , Titu Maiorescu University , Bucharest , Romania.,d Center for Military Medical Scientific Research , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Gheorghe Manole
- c Faculty of Medecine , Titu Maiorescu University , Bucharest , Romania.,e Colentina Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania
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Shu Y, Li R, Qiu W, Chang Y, Sun X, Fang L, Chen C, Yang Y, Lu Z, Hu X, Kermode AG. Association of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and C-reactive proteins with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 18:65-70. [PMID: 29107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have demonstrated that serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) within normal range might be an early marker of oxidative stress. However the role of GGT in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. METHODS We assessed the correlations among GGT and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as clinical characteristics of NMO and MS. Serum GGT and CRP levels were measured in 106 NMO patients, 87 MS patients, 79 patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (Parkinson disease) and 80 healthy controls (HC). Clinical parameters, blood-brain barrier (BBB) index and Delpech index of MS and NMO were also investigated. RESULTS We found that NMO patients had higher serum GGT and CRP levels within their normal ranges compared to MS, PD, healthy controls. NMO patients exhibited significantly higher EDSS scores than MS patients. The BBB index in NMO patients was significantly higher than that in MS patients. Significant correlations existed between serum GGT and CRP levels and EDSS scores, BBB index in NMO and MS patients. CONCLUSION Elevated GGT and CRP levels within their normal ranges in NMO and MS may be associated with inflammatory response, oxidative stress and BBB disturbance in the diseases. Further study into the underlying pathophysiology of this relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yanyu Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia; Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
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Luo M, Sun W, Wu C, Zhang L, Liu D, Li W, Mei Q, Hu G. High pretreatment serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase predicts an inferior outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67651-67662. [PMID: 28978060 PMCID: PMC5620200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) which plays an important role in tumor initiation, invasion, drug resistance is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancers. This study was designed to estimate whether pretreatment serum GGT could predict the clinical outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Results An optimal cutoff value was identified as 23 U/L for GGT. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis demonstrated that elevated GGT was correlated with shorter local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (HR, 4.163; 95% CI, 1.690-10.251; p=0.023), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 3.119; 95% CI, 1.955-4.976; p=0.031) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 2.811; 95% CI, 1.614-4.896; p=0.007). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 374 patients with NPC. Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate and compare the prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to carry out univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusion Pretreatment GGT can be a novel and independent prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Spoto B, Mattace-Raso F, Sijbrands EJ, D'Arrigo G, Tripepi G, Volpato S, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Zoccali C. Oxidized LDL, Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:e77-e82. [PMID: 28422277 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a biomarker of liver disease and oxidative stress which was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in the general population and in patients with high risk conditions. This study aims at assessing whether oxLDL modifies the relationship between GGT, all-cause, and CV mortality in elderly individuals from the general population. DESIGN Observational longitudinal study. SETTING Population-based cohort of older individuals (>65 years) free of liver disease. PARTICIPANTS One thousand and thirty-eight individuals from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study. MEASUREMENTS Serum GGT level, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), CV comorbidities, all-cause and CV mortality. RESULTS The median age of the study population (n = 1,038) was 74 years (inter-quartile range: 69-79), 152 individuals (15%) had past CV events. During a median follow-up of 9 years, 401 individuals died, 168 of them (42%) for CV causes. In adjusted analyses, GGT predicted all-cause mortality (HR for 20 U/L increase in serum GGT: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21, P = .02) and CV mortality (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33; P = .02). Furthermore, in an analysis for interaction circulating oxLDL amplified the effect of GGT on all-cause mortality (P = .003). CONCLUSION Circulating oxLDL amplifies the effect of GGT on mortality in the elderly. The mechanism for this association remains unknown and requires further research, including studying the potential role of GGT in oxidative stress. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of GGT in the CV morbidity and mortality in older individuals and indicate that oxLDL plays a crucial role in the interpretation of the link between GGT and the risk of adverse clinical events in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Spoto
- National Council of Research and Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR-IFC, Reggio Calabria Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Graziella D'Arrigo
- National Council of Research and Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR-IFC, Reggio Calabria Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- National Council of Research and Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR-IFC, Reggio Calabria Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Science and Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- National Council of Research and Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR-IFC, Reggio Calabria Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Kawakami K, Fujita Y, Matsuda Y, Arai T, Horie K, Kameyama K, Kato T, Masunaga K, Kasuya Y, Tanaka M, Mizutani K, Deguchi T, Ito M. Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in exosomes as a potential marker for prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:316. [PMID: 28476099 PMCID: PMC5420129 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes or extracellular vesicles have the potential as a diagnostic marker for various diseases including cancer. In order to identify novel exosomal markers for prostate cancer (PC), we performed proteomic analysis of exosomes isolated from PC cell lines and examined the usefulness of the marker in patients. Methods Exosomes isolated by differential centrifugation from the culture medium of androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell line and its sublines of partially androgen-independent C4, androgen-independent C4–2 and bone metastatic C4–2B were subjected to iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. Exosomes were also isolated by immunocapture and separated by size exclusion chromatography and density gradient centrifugation. Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. GGT activity was measured using a fluorescent probe, γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG). Immunohistochemical analysis of tissues was performed using anti-GGT1 antibody. Results Among proteins upregulated in C4–2 and C4–2B cells than in LNCaP cells, we focused on gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), a cell-surface enzyme that regulates the catabolism of extracellular glutathione. The levels of both GGT1 large and small subunits were elevated in exosomes isolated from C4–2 and C4–2B cells by differential centrifugation and by immunocapture with anti-CD9 or -prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody. In cell lysates and exosomes, GGT1 expression correlated with GGT activity. Size exclusion chromatography of human serum demonstrated the presence of GGT activity and GGT1 subunits in fractions positive for CD9. Density gradient centrifugation revealed the co-presence of GGT1 subunits with CD9 in exosomes isolated by differential centrifugation from human serum. Since GGT activity correlated with GGT1 expression in serum exosomes isolated by differential centrifugation, we measured serum exosomal GGT activity in patients. Unexpectedly, we found that serum exosomal GGT activity was significantly higher in PC patients than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. In support of this finding, immunohistochemical analysis showed increased GGT1 expression in PC tissues compared with BPH tissues. Conclusions Our results suggest that serum exosomal GGT activity could be a useful biomarker for PC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3301-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyojiro Kawakami
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fujita
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kengo Horie
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Kameyama
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koichi Masunaga
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kasuya
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Takashi Deguchi
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA. Gamma-glutamyltransferase and risk of prostate cancer: Findings from the KIHD prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:818-824. [PMID: 27861848 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased circulating serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been linked with an increased risk of chronic disease outcomes, including overall and several site-specific cancers. However, the relationship of GGT with prostate cancer risk is uncertain. We aimed to assess the prospective association of GGT with risk of prostate cancer. Serum GGT activity was assessed at baseline in the Finnish Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort of 2,390 men aged 42-61 years without a history of cancer at baseline. We corrected for within-person variability in GGT values using data from repeat measurements taken several years apart. During a median follow-up of 24.6 years, 230 cases of prostate cancer occurred. The age-adjusted regression dilution ratio for loge GGT was 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.74]. Serum GGT was nonlinearly associated with risk of prostate cancer. In age-adjusted Cox regression analysis, the hazard ratio (95% CIs) for prostate cancer in a comparison of the top quartile versus bottom quartiles 1-3 of GGT values was 1.43 (1.07 to 1.93; p = 0.017), which persisted on adjustment for several established cancer risk factors 1.46 (1.06 to 2.02; p = 0.020). The association remained unchanged on further adjustment for total energy intake, socioeconomic status, physical activity and C-reactive protein. The association did not importantly vary across several clinical subgroups. GGT is positively and independently associated with future risk of prostate cancer in a middle-aged Finnish male population over long-term follow-up. Further research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways involved and if GGT may have potential relevance in prostate cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Central Finland Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Kannan N, Sakthivel KM, Guruvayoorappan C. Anti-tumor and Chemoprotective Effect of Bauhinia tomentosa by Regulating Growth Factors and Inflammatory Mediators. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8119-26. [PMID: 26745048 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the toxic side effects of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CTX), the use of herbal medicines with fewer side effects but having potential use as inducing anti-cancer outcomes in situ has become increasingly popular. The present study sought to investigate the effects of a methanolic extract of Bauhinia tomentosa against Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) induced ascites as well as solid tumors in BALB/c mice. Specifically, B. tomentosa extract was administered intraperitonealy (IP) at 10 mg/kg. BW body weight starting just after tumor cell implantation and thereafter for 10 consecutive days. In the ascites tumor model hosts, administration of extract resulted in a 52% increase in the life span. In solid tumor models, co-administration of extract and CTX significantly reduced tumor volume (relative to in untreated hosts) by 73% compared to just by 52% when the extract alone was provided. Co-administration of the extract also mitigated CTX-induced toxicity, including decreases in WBC count, and in bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase activity. Extract treatment also attenuated any increases in serum levels of TNFα, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, and VEGF seen in tumor-bearing hosts. This study confirmed that, the potent antitumor activity of B.tomentosa extract may be associated with immune modulatory effects by regulating anti-oxidants and cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India E-mail :
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Jansen E, Beekhof P, Viezeliene D, Muzakova V, Skalicky J. Long-term stability of cancer biomarkers in human serum: biomarkers of oxidative stress and redox status, homocysteine, CRP and the enzymes ALT and GGT. Biomark Med 2016; 9:425-32. [PMID: 25985173 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Five frequently used biomarkers in cancer research and epidemiological studies were tested for their assay stability upon storage of serum for 12 months at -20 and -70/-80°C. MATERIALS & METHODS The biomarker assays include reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), the total thiol levels (TTL), homocysteine (HCy), C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) and two liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). RESULTS The assays for ROM, HCy, HS-CRP and GGT were stable in human serum samples at the two temperatures tested. The two other assays TTL and ALT, however, showed statistically significant differences in their stability between -20 and -80°C. CONCLUSION Therefore, storage at -80°C is advised to maintain a reliable assay outcome when serum samples have to be stored for longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dale Viezeliene
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Preyer O, Johansen D, Holly J, Stocks T, Pompella A, Nagel G, Concin H, Ulmer H, Concin N. γ-Glutamyltransferase and Breast Cancer Risk Beyond Alcohol Consumption and Other Life Style Factors - A Pooled Cohort Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149122. [PMID: 26863311 PMCID: PMC4749274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated γ-Glutamyltransferase serum levels are associated with increased risk of overall cancer incidence and several site-specific malignancies. In the present prospective study we report on the associations of serum γ-Glutamyltransferase with the risk of breast cancer in a pooled population-based cohort considering established life style risk factors. Methods Two cohorts were included in the present study, i.e. the Vorarlberg (n = 97,268) and the Malmoe cohort (n = 9,790). Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate HRs for risk of breast cancer. Results In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, body mass index and smoking status, women with γ-Glutamyltransferase levels in the top quartile were at significantly higher risk for breast cancer compared to women in the lowest quartile (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.35; p = 0.005). In the subgroup analysis of the Malmoe cohort, γ-Glutamyltransferase remained an independent risk factor for breast cancer when additionally considering alcohol intake. A statistically significant increase in risk was seen in women with γ-Glutamyltransferase-levels in the top versus lowest quartile in a multivariate model adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, parity, oral contraceptive-use and alcohol consumption (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.69, p = 0.006). Conclusion Our findings identified γ-Glutamyltransferase as an independent risk factor for breast cancer beyond the consumption of alcohol and other life style risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Preyer
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria
| | | | - Jessica Holly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja Stocks
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease—Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, CRC, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, Medical School, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Farzan SF, Chen Y, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and measures of oxidative stress, inflammation and renal function in adolescents: NHANES 2003-2008. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 144:149-157. [PMID: 26610293 PMCID: PMC4679617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence has suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may contribute to cardiometabolic and kidney dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress, but little is known about impacts in childhood. STUDY DESIGN We performed cross-sectional analyses of 660 adolescents aged 12-19 years in the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using levels of 10 monohydroxylated urinary PAH metabolites as our exposure. Our primary outcomes of interest were biomarkers of oxidative stress and renal function, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), insulin resistance, and serum uric acid, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS We observed statistically significant associations between PAH metabolites and levels of serum GGT, CRP, uric acid and eGFR. Each 100% increase in 2-hydroxyphenanthrene was related to a 3.36% increase in uric acid (95% CI: 0.338-6.372; p=0.032), a 3.86% increase in GGT (95% CI: 1.361-6.362; p=0.005) and a 16.78% increase in CRP (95% CI: 1.848-31.689; p=0.029). Each 100% increase in 4-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with a 6.18% increase in GGT (95% CI: 4.064-8.301; p<0.001) and a 13.66% increase in CRP (95% CI: 2.764-24.564; p=0.017). Each 100% increase in 9-hydroxyfluorene was associated with a 2.58% increase in GGT (95% CI: 0.389-4776; p=0.024). Each 100% increase in 3-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with a 2.66% decrease in eGFR (95% CI: -4.979 to -0.331; p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS Urinary PAH metabolites were associated with serum uric acid, GGT and CRP, suggesting possible impacts on cardiometabolic and kidney function in adolescents. Prospective work is needed to investigate the potential long-term health consequences of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, Department of Nutrition, Food & Public Health, USA
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Aleksandrova K, Bamia C, Drogan D, Lagiou P, Trichopoulou A, Jenab M, Fedirko V, Romieu I, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Pischon T, Tsilidis K, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Bouton-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Racine A, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Tsironis C, Papatesta EM, Saitakis G, Palli D, Panico S, Grioni S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Lukic M, Braaten T, Quirós JR, Luján-Barroso L, Sánchez MJ, Chilarque MD, Ardanas E, Dorronsoro M, Nilsson LM, Sund M, Wallström P, Ohlsson B, Bradbury KE, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Stepien M, Duarte-Salles T, Assi N, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Boeing H, Trichopoulos D. The association of coffee intake with liver cancer risk is mediated by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury: data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1498-508. [PMID: 26561631 PMCID: PMC4658462 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher coffee intake has been purportedly related to a lower risk of liver cancer. However, it remains unclear whether this association may be accounted for by specific biological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the potential mediating roles of inflammatory, metabolic, liver injury, and iron metabolism biomarkers on the association between coffee intake and the primary form of liver cancer-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DESIGN We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition among 125 incident HCC cases matched to 250 controls using an incidence-density sampling procedure. The association of coffee intake with HCC risk was evaluated by using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression that accounted for smoking, alcohol consumption, hepatitis infection, and other established liver cancer risk factors. The mediating effects of 21 biomarkers were evaluated on the basis of percentage changes and associated 95% CIs in the estimated regression coefficients of models with and without adjustment for biomarkers individually and in combination. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted RR of having ≥4 cups (600 mL) coffee/d compared with <2 cups (300 mL)/d was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.62; P-trend = 0.006). A statistically significant attenuation of the association between coffee intake and HCC risk and thereby suspected mediation was confirmed for the inflammatory biomarker IL-6 and for the biomarkers of hepatocellular injury glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total bilirubin, which-in combination-attenuated the regression coefficients by 72% (95% CI: 7%, 239%). Of the investigated biomarkers, IL-6, AST, and GGT produced the highest change in the regression coefficients: 40%, 56%, and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the inverse association of coffee intake with HCC risk was partly accounted for by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Christina Bamia
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dagmar Drogan
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Racine
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; HuGeF Foundation, Turin, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Leila Luján-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chilarque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery and Public Health, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Wallström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Internal Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Gamma-Glutamyltransferase: A Predictive Biomarker of Cellular Antioxidant Inadequacy and Disease Risk. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:818570. [PMID: 26543300 PMCID: PMC4620378 DOI: 10.1155/2015/818570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a well-established serum marker for alcohol-related liver disease. However, GGT's predictive utility applies well beyond liver disease: elevated GGT is linked to increased risk to a multitude of diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and all-cause mortality. The literature from multiple population groups worldwide consistently shows strong predictive power for GGT, even across different gender and ethnic categories. Here, we examine the relationship of GGT to other serum markers such as serum ferritin (SF) levels, and we suggest a link to exposure to environmental and endogenous toxins, resulting in oxidative and nitrosative stress. We observe a general upward trend in population levels of GGT over time, particularly in the US and Korea. Since the late 1970s, both GGT and incident MetS and its related disorders have risen in virtual lockstep. GGT is an early predictive marker for atherosclerosis, heart failure, arterial stiffness and plaque, gestational diabetes, and various liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, other infectious diseases, and several life-threatening cancers. We review literature both from the medical sciences and from life insurance industries demonstrating that serum GGT is a superior marker for future disease risk, when compared against multiple other known mortality risk factors.
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Bosco C, Wulaningsih W, Melvin J, Santaolalla A, De Piano M, Arthur R, Van Hemelrijck M. Metabolic serum biomarkers for the prediction of cancer: a follow-up of the studies conducted in the Swedish AMORIS study. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:555. [PMID: 26284119 PMCID: PMC4531132 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk study (AMORIS) contains information on more than 500 biomarkers collected from 397,443 men and 414,630 women from the greater Stockholm area during the period 1985–1996. Using a ten-digit personal identification code, this database has been linked to Swedish national registries, which provide data on socioeconomic status, vital status, cancer diagnosis, comorbidity, and emigration. Within AMORIS, 18 studies assessing risk of overall and site-specific cancers have been published, utilising a range of serum markers representing glucose and lipid metabolism, immune system, iron metabolism, liver metabolism, and bone metabolism. This review briefly summarises these findings in relation to more recently published studies and provides an overview of where we are today and the challenges of observational studies when studying cancer risk prediction. Overall, more recent observational studies supported previous findings obtained in AMORIS, although no new results have been reported for serum fructosamine and inorganic phosphate with respect to cancer risk. A drawback of using serum markers in predicting cancer risk is the potential fluctuations following other pathological conditions, resulting in non-specificity and imprecision of associations observed. Utilisation of multiple combination markers may provide more specificity, as well as give us repeated instead of single measurements. Associations with other diseases may also necessitate further analytical strategies addressing effects of serum markers on competing events in addition to cancer. Finally, delineating the role of serum metabolic markers may generate valuable information to complement emerging clinical studies on preventive effects of drugs and supplements targeting metabolic disorders against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bosco
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK ; Both authors contributed equally
| | - Wahyu Wulaningsih
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK ; Both authors contributed equally
| | - Jennifer Melvin
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aida Santaolalla
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mario De Piano
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rhonda Arthur
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, Research Oncology, 3rd floor, Bermondsey wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Mok Y, Son DK, Yun YD, Jee SH, Samet JM. γ-Glutamyltransferase and cancer risk: The Korean cancer prevention study. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:311-9. [PMID: 26111622 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a marker of hepatic injury and is associated with risk of chronic disease. However, the value of GGT as a biomarker for cancer risk remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the association of serum GGT with cancer incidence among more than 1.6 million Koreans. We included 1,662,087 Koreans (1,108,121 men and 553,966 women aged 20-95 years) who received health insurance from the National Health Insurance Service and had a biennial medical evaluation between 1995 and 1998. Follow-up was through December 2012. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise and body mass index after exclusion of early cases (cancer diagnosis or death within 5 years of starting follow-up) and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of overall and organ-specific cancer incidence by GGT quintiles. During the 17-year follow-up, 129,087 new cancer cases occurred among the participants. Across levels of GGT, there was a positive gradient of HR and the highest quintile of GGT (≥ 60 IU/L) had the highest HR for all cancers in both men and women. By cancer site, the association was strongest for liver cancer, comparing the highest and lowest strata in men [HR, 6.67; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 5.88-7.57] and in women (HR, 7.57; 95%CI, 6.41-8.94). Significant associations were also observed for cancers of the esophagus, larynx, stomach, colorectal, bile duct and lung in men and of the bile duct in women. Increased serum GGT level is independently associated with risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Mok
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Koog Son
- National Health Insurance Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Duk Yun
- National Health Insurance Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, and Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Yang F, Zhang S, Yang H, Luo K, Wen J, Hu Y, Hu R, Huang Q, Chen J, Fu J. Prognostic significance of gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2015; 28:496-504. [PMID: 24766310 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the glutathione metabolism. Studies suggested that GGT was a marker of apoptotic balance and modulated tumor progression, invasion and drug resistance. Recently, GGT was shown to be associated with the progression of high-grade esophageal epithelial dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. This study was conducted to investigate the value of pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels as prognostic parameter in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Six hundred thirty-nine resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were recruited in this study and were stratified into two GGT risk groups. The association of pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and clinical-pathological parameters was examined. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. GGT serum levels were associated with gender, smoking status, TNM stage and lymph node involvement. Higher pre-therapeutic serum GGT was found in males, smoker, advanced TNM stage and lymph node positive patients. Patients assigned to the low-risk group had higher 5-year overall survival rate (53.1% vs. 33.0%, P < 0.01) and disease-free survival rate (45.2% vs. 23.4%, P < 0.01) than the high-risk group. Patients with high-risk group of GGT had 1.568 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.259 ∼ 1.952) times the risk of death and 1.582 (95% CI, 1.286 ∼ 1.946) times the risk of disease recurrence contrast with those with low-risk group of GGT. The pre-therapeutic serum GGT is a novel independent prognostic parameter for disease-free survival and overall survival in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - K Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Staudigl C, Concin N, Grimm C, Pfeiler G, Nehoda R, Singer CF, Polterauer S. Prognostic relevance of pretherapeutic gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with primary metastatic breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125317. [PMID: 25915044 PMCID: PMC4411095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a known marker for apoptotic balance and cell detoxification. Recently, an association of baseline GGT levels and breast cancer incidence, tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance was shown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of pre-therapeutic GGT levels, clinical-pathological parameters and survival in patients with primary metastatic breast cancer (PMBC). Methods In this multicenter analysis, pre-therapeutic GGT levels and clinical-pathological parameters of 114 patients diagnosed with PMBC between 1996 and 2012 were evaluated. The association between GGT levels and clinical-pathological parameters were analysed. Patients were stratified into four GGT risk-groups (GGT < 18.00 U/L: normal low, 18.00 to 35.99 U/L: normal high, 36.00 to 71.99 U/L: elevated and ≥ 72.00 U/L: highly elevated) and survival analyses were performed. Findings Patients in the high risk GGT group had a poorer overall survival, when compared to the low risk group with five-year overall survival rates of 39.5% and 53.7% (p = 0.04), respectively. Patients with larger breast tumors had a trend towards higher GGT levels (p = 0.053). Pre-therapeutic GGT levels were not associated with indicators of aggressive tumor biology such as HER2-status, triple negative histology, or poorly differentiated cancers. Conclusion Pre-therapeutic GGT serum level might serve as a novel prognostic factor for overall-survival in patients with PMBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Staudigl
- Department of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grimm
- Department of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Nehoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian F. Singer
- Department of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Polterauer
- Department of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Bui TT, Nitta RT, Kahn SA, Razavi SM, Agarwal M, Aujla P, Gholamin S, Recht L, Li G. γ-Glutamyl transferase 7 is a novel regulator of glioblastoma growth. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:225. [PMID: 25884624 PMCID: PMC4393868 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival time of one and a half years. Traditional treatments, including radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, are not curative, making it imperative to find more effective treatments for this lethal disease. γ-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a family of enzymes that was shown to control crucial redox-sensitive functions and to regulate the balance between proliferation and apoptosis. GGT7 is a novel GGT family member that is highly expressed in brain and was previously shown to have decreased expression in gliomas. Since other members of the GGT family were found to be altered in a variety of cancers, we hypothesized that GGT7 could regulate GBM growth and formation. Methods To determine if GGT7 is involved in GBM tumorigenesis, we modulated GGT7 expression in two GBM cell lines (U87-MG and U138) and monitored changes in tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Results We demonstrated for the first time that GBM patients with low GGT7 expression had a worse prognosis and that 87% (7/8) of primary GBM tissue samples showed a 2-fold decrease in GGT7 expression compared to normal brain samples. Exogenous expression of GGT7 resulted in a 2- to 3-fold reduction in proliferation and anchorage-independent growth under minimal growth conditions (1% serum). Decreasing GGT7 expression using either short interfering RNA or short hairpin RNA consistently increased proliferation 1.5- to 2-fold. In addition, intracranial injections of U87-MG cells with reduced GGT7 expression increased tumor growth in mice approximately 2-fold, and decreased mouse survival. To elucidate the mechanism by which GGT7 regulates GBM growth, we analyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in GBM cells with modulated GGT7 expression. We found that enhanced GGT7 expression reduced ROS levels by 11-33%. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that GGT7 is a novel player in GBM growth and that GGT7 can play a critical role in tumorigenesis by regulating anti-oxidative damage. Loss of GGT7 may increase the cellular ROS levels, inducing GBM occurrence and growth. Our findings suggest that GGT7 can be a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for GBM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1232-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T Bui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA.
| | - Ryan T Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA.
| | - Suzana A Kahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Seyed-Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA.
| | - Maya Agarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA.
| | - Parvir Aujla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA.
| | - Sharareh Gholamin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd P309, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA.
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Breitling LP. Calcium intake and bone mineral density as an example of non-linearity and threshold analysis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1271-81. [PMID: 25637058 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Non-linearity is a likely phenomenon in bone metabolism, but is often ignored in pertinent epidemiological studies. Using NHANES III data on calcium intake and bone mineral density, the most important non-linear methods are introduced and discussed. The results should motivate researchers to consider non-linearity in this field more frequently. INTRODUCTION Many relationships in bone metabolism and homeostasis are likely to follow non-linear patterns. Detailed dose-response analyses allowing for non-linear associations nonetheless remain scarce in this field. METHODS A detailed analysis of NHANES III data on dietary calcium intake and bone mineral density was used to demonstrate the application and some of the challenges of the most important dose-response methods, including LOESS, categorical analysis, fractional polynomials, restricted cubic splines, and segmented regression. RESULTS The spline estimate suggested increasing bone mineral density up to a calcium intake of about 1 g/day and a plateau thereafter. In segmented regression, the break-point marking the beginning of the plateau was placed at an intake of 0.58 (95 % confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.82) g/day. Sensitivity analyses suggested a less curved dose-response in women. CONCLUSIONS Knowing about the possibilities and limitations of non-linear dose-response approaches should encourage researchers to consider these methods more frequently in studies on bone health and disease. The example analysis suggested bone mineral density to reach a plateau slightly below current calcium intake recommendations, with fairly pronounced differences of the dose-response shape by sex and menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Breitling
- German Cancer Research Center, Division C070 Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, PO Box 101949, 69009, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Kelley DS, Adkins YC, Zunino SJ, Woodhouse LR, Bonnel EL, Breksa AP, Manners GD, Mackey BE. Citrus limonin glucoside supplementation decreased biomarkers of liver disease and inflammation in overweight human adults. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Oxidative stress and cell damage in a model of precancerous lesions and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Toxicol Rep 2014; 2:333-340. [PMID: 28962366 PMCID: PMC5598147 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer deaths throughout the world. This study was aimed to analyze oxidative stress and cell damage in a multistage model of liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 145–150 g were divided into three groups: control, precancerous lesions (PL) (which received 100 mg DEN once a week every 6 weeks up to 28 weeks), and advanced HCC (50 mg DEN once/twice per week up to 19 weeks). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and expression of transforming growth factor-1 beta (TGF)-1β, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide syntahese (eNOS, iNOS), NADPH quinone oxireductase (NQO)-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NrF)2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap)1 and heat shock protein (HSP)70 were measured. TBARS concentration was augmented in the PL and advanced HCC groups. SOD activity, TGF-1β and Nrf2 expression were higher in animals with precancerous lesions. In advanced HCC, expression of NQO1 and iNOS increased while there was a decrease in HPS70 expression. Data obtained provide evidence for the differential activation of proteins involved in oxidative stress and cell damage during progression of carcinogenesis in an animal model of HCC.
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Key Words
- 2-AAF, 2-acetylaminofluorene
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- Diethylnitrosamine
- EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- HSP70, heat shock 70-kDa protein
- Heat shock protein
- Hepatocarcinoma
- Keap1, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- MDA, malonaldehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- NQO1, NADPH quinone oxireductase-1
- Nitric oxide synthase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Oxidative stress
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactant substances
- TGF-1β, transforming growth fator-1 beta
- TTBS, Tris-buffered containing 0.05% Tween 20
- UV, ultra violet
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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