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Vélez-Terreros PY, Romero-Estévez D, Navarrete H, Yánez-Jácome GS. Nutritional Quality of Conventional, Organic, and Hydroponic Tomatoes Commercialized in Quito, Ecuador. Foods 2024; 13:1348. [PMID: 38731718 PMCID: PMC11082976 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of natural foods is increasingly high, and in recent years, consumers have preferred foods from systems with responsible management of natural resources (organic, hydroponic). However, there are still contradictions regarding the nutritional content of products from these different types of crops. Our study aims to compare, for the first time, the content of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, lycopene, total phenolics, essential fatty acids), micronutrients (copper, iron, manganese, zinc), contaminants (cadmium and lead), and free radical scavenging activity between conventional, organic, and hydroponic tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) sold in markets in Quito, Ecuador. Ascorbic acid and lycopene were determined by HPLC/UV-Vis. Total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and free-radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method) were determined via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Lipid profiles were determined as fatty acid methyl esters through a GC-FID. Trace metals were determined using FAAS (micronutrients), and GFAAS (pollutants). No significant differences (p > 0.05) between antioxidant and micronutrient content among the three types of tomatoes were found. Regarding cadmium and lead, the contents were below the Codex Alimentarius threshold limits. Finally, free radical scavenging activity varied slightly (organic > hydroponic > conventional). Although the samples showed certain differences in antioxidant content, none of the tomato types could be considered nutritionally better because of the high variability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Y. Vélez-Terreros
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (P.Y.V.-T.); (D.R.-E.)
| | - David Romero-Estévez
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (P.Y.V.-T.); (D.R.-E.)
| | - Hugo Navarrete
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito 170525, Ecuador;
| | - Gabriela S. Yánez-Jácome
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (P.Y.V.-T.); (D.R.-E.)
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Fedeli R, Marotta L, Frattaruolo L, Panti A, Carullo G, Fusi F, Saponara S, Gemma S, Butini S, Cappello AR, Vannini A, Campiani G, Loppi S. Nutritionally enriched tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown with wood distillate: chemical and biological characterization for quality assessment. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5324-5338. [PMID: 37961008 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based products are nowadays useful tools able to affect the productivity and quality of conventionally cultivated crops. Several bio-based products are currently on the market; one of the newest and most promising is the wood distillate (WD) derived from the pyrolysis process of waste biomass after timber. Its foliar application has been widely investigated and shown to promote the antioxidant profile of cultivated crops. WD was used here as additive for the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. The application improved quality (chemical) parameters, minerals, polyphenols, and lycopene contents of tomato fruits. The extracts of WD-treated and untreated tomatoes have been chemically and biologically characterized. The 1 H-NMR and ESI-mass spectrometry analyses of the extracts revealed the presence of different fatty acids, amino acids and sugars. In particular, the WD-treated tomatoes showed the presence of pyroglutamic acid and phloridzin derivatives, but also dihydrokaempferol, naringenin glucoside, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside. When tested in cells, the extracts showed a promising anti-inflammatory profile in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the extracts displayed a slight vasorelaxant activity on rat aorta rings (either endothelium-denuded or endothelium-intact) pre-contracted with phenylephrine or potassium chloride. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Wood distillate has been used for tomato plant growth. Tomatoes showed improved nutritional parameters, and their extracts displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ludovica Marotta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alice Panti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Mubarok S, Qonit MAH, Rahmat BPN, Budiarto R, Suminar E, Nuraini A. An overview of ethylene insensitive tomato mutants: Advantages and disadvantages for postharvest fruit shelf-life and future perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1079052. [PMID: 36778710 PMCID: PMC9911886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ethylene during postharvest handling of tomatoes can be the main problem in maintaining fruit shelf-life by accelerating the ripening process and causing several quality changes in fruit. Several researchers have studied the methods for improving the postharvest life of tomato fruit by controlling ethylene response, such as by mutation. New ethylene receptor mutants have been identified, namely Sletr1-1, Sletr1-2, Nr (Never ripe), Sletr4-1, and Sletr5-1. This review identifies the favorable and undesirable effects of several ethylene receptor mutants. Also, the impact of those mutations on the metabolite alteration of tomatoes and the future perspectives of those ethylene receptor mutants. The review data is taken from the primary data of our experiment related to ethylene receptor mutants and the secondary data from numerous publications in Google Scholar and other sources pertaining to ethylene physiology. This review concluded that mutation in the SlETR1 gene was more effective than mutation in NR, SLETR4, and SLETR5 genes in generating a new ethylene mutant. Sletr1-2 mutant is a potential ethylene receptor mutant for developing new tomato cultivars with prolonged fruit-shelf life without any undesirable effect. Therefore, that has many challenges to using the Sletr1-2 mutant for future purposes in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Abdilah Hasan Qonit
- Master Program of Agro-Industry Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Pradana Nur Rahmat
- Master Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erni Suminar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Anne Nuraini
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Zaim Ö, Doğanlar O, Banu Doğanlar Z, Özcan H, Zreigh MM, Kurtdere K. Novel synthesis naringenin-benzyl piperazine derivatives prevent glioblastoma invasion by inhibiting the hypoxia-induced IL6/JAK2/STAT3 axis and activating caspase-dependent apoptosis. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Recovery of Antioxidants from Tomato Seed Industrial Wastes by Microwave-Assisted and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193068. [PMID: 36230144 PMCID: PMC9562903 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato seed (TS) wastes are obtained in large amounts from the tomato processing industry. In this work, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant compounds from TS were optimized by using response surface methodology. The effect of MAE and UAE main extraction parameters was studied on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) responses. Antioxidant, structural, morphological, and thermal properties of MAE and UAE extracts were evaluated. A great influence of ethanol concentration was observed in both extraction methods. Optimal MAE conditions were determined as 15 min, 80 °C, 63% ethanol and 80 mL, with a desirability value of 0.914, whereas 15 min, 61% ethanol and 85% amplitude (desirability = 0.952) were found as optimal conditions for UAE. MAE extracts exhibited higher TPC and antioxidant activity values compared to UAE (1.72 ± 0.04 and 1.61 ± 0.03 mg GAE g TS−1 for MAE and UAE, respectively). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results suggested the presence of some high molecular weight compounds in UAE extracts. Chlorogenic acid, rutin and naringenin were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-MS as the main polyphenols found by MAE and UAE, showing MAE extracts higher individual phenolics content (1.11–2.99 mg 100 g TS−1). MAE and UAE have shown as effective green techniques for extracting bioactive molecules with high antioxidant activity from TS with high potential to be scaled-up for valorizing of TS industrial wastes.
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Solaberrieta I, Mellinas AC, Espagnol J, Hamzaoui M, Jiménez A, Garrigós MC. Valorization of Tomato Seed By-Products as a Source of Fatty Acids and Bioactive Compounds by Using Advanced Extraction Techniques. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162408. [PMID: 36010408 PMCID: PMC9407203 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, lipids and bioactive compounds from tomato seed by-products were extracted and compared by using advanced extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The influence of different extraction parameters, including extraction temperature (T), time (t) and solvent volume (V) for MAE as well as extraction temperature (T), pressure (P) and flow rate (F) for SFE-CO2, was evaluated on tomato seed oil (TSO) yield and fatty acids composition using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum extraction conditions for MAE were 56.2 °C, 29.0 min, and 67.6 mL, whereas conditions of 60.2 °C, 400.0 bar, and 64.6 g min−1 were found for SFE-CO2. Under these conditions, higher TSO extraction yields were obtained by MAE compared to SFE-CO2 (25.3 wt% and 16.9 wt%, respectively), while similar fatty acids profiles were found by GC in terms of FAMEs composition: methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate, accounting for around 80 wt% of unsaturated fatty acids. TSO MAE extracts showed high DPPH• radical scavenging activity which was related to the presence of tocopherols; in particular γ-tocopherol, which was found as the dominant homologue (260.3 ± 0.6 mg kgTS−1) followed by a lower amount of α-tocopherol (6.53 ± 0.12 mg kgTS−1) by HPLC-DAD. The obtained results suggested that tomato seeds are an interesting source of bioactive compounds with potential use in a wide range of nutritional and food applications, increasing the added value of this by-product, which is currently underexploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Solaberrieta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Mellinas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jérémy Espagnol
- Biomass Valorisation Platform, Celabor s.c.r.l., Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Hamzaoui
- Biomass Valorisation Platform, Celabor s.c.r.l., Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Carmen Garrigós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, ES-03690 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Cruz-Carrión Á, Calani L, de Azua MJR, Mena P, Del Rio D, Suárez M, Arola-Arnal A. (Poly)phenolic composition of tomatoes from different growing locations and their absorption in rats: A comparative study. Food Chem 2022; 388:132984. [PMID: 35453013 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to address whether the growing location of tomato could generate a different (poly)phenol profile able to affect both in vivo absorption and (poly)phenol metabolite pattern upon tomato consumption. uHPLC-MSn analyses allowed to obtain a detailed (poly)phenol profile of tomatoes from two locations in Spain, quantifying 57 (poly)phenolic compounds. However, local and non-local tomatoes showed a different concentration of their native (poly)phenols, which could be attributed to diverse cultivation origin. Rat serum was analysed after an acute tomato feeding. Seven phenolic metabolites were quantified through uHPLC-MSn. Pharmacokinetic parameters were further evaluated, revealing different serum concentrations of (poly)phenolic metabolites between tomatoes. The maximum peak serum concentrations, reached mainly after 2 h after ingestion, led to suppose that serum metabolites were mostly derived from absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The growing location of tomatoes affected both the content of native (poly)phenols and their in vivo absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cruz-Carrión
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ma Josefina Ruiz de Azua
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Pigment-Related Mutations Greatly Affect Berry Metabolome in San Marzano Tomatoes. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study describes the alterations in metabolomic profiles of four tomato fruit mutations introgressed into Solanum lycopersicum cv. San Marzano, a well-known Italian traditional variety. Three lines carrying variants affecting the content of all pigments, high pigment-1 (hp-1), hp-2, pigment diluter (pd), and a combination of Anthocyanin fruit and atroviolaceum (Aft_atv), were selected, and characterized. Biochemical analysis of 44 non-polar, 133 polar, and 65 volatile metabolites in ripe fruits revealed a wide range of differences between the variant lines and the recurrent parent San Marzano. Among non-polar compounds, many carotenoids, plastoquinones, and tocopherols increased in the fruit of high pigment lines, as well as in Aft_atv, whose β-carotene levels increased too. Interestingly, pd displayed enriched levels of xanthophylls (all-trans-neoxanthin and luteoxanthin) but, simultaneously, decreased levels of α-and β-/γ-tocopherols. Looking at the metabolites in the polar fraction, a significant decrease in sugar profile was observed in hp-1, pd, and Aft_atv. Conversely, many vitamins and organic acids increased in the hp-2 and Aft_atv lines, respectively. Overall, phenylpropanoids was the metabolic group with the highest extent of polar changes, with considerable increases of many compounds mainly in the case of Aft_atv, followed by the pd and hp-2 lines. Finally, several flavor-related compounds were found to be modified in all mutants, mostly due to increased levels in many benzenoid, lipid, and phenylalanine derivative volatiles, which are associated with sweeter taste and better aroma. Construction of metabolic maps, interaction networks, and correlation matrices gave an integrated representation of the large effect of single variants on the tomato fruit metabolome. In conclusion, the identified differences in the mutated lines might contribute to generating novel phenotypes in the traditional San Marzano type, with increased desirable nutraceutical and organoleptic properties.
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Impact of Peels Extracts from an Italian Ancient Tomato Variety Grown under Drought Stress Conditions on Vascular Related Dysfunction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144289. [PMID: 34299564 PMCID: PMC8307906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tomato by-products contain a great variety of biologically active substances and represent a significant source of natural antioxidant supplements of the human diet. The aim of the work was to compare the antioxidant properties of a by-product from an ancient Tuscan tomato variety, Rosso di Pitigliano (RED), obtained by growing plants in normal conditions (-Ctr) or in drought stress conditions (-Ds) for their beneficial effects on vascular related dysfunction. Methods: The antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content (TPC) were measured. The identification of bioactive compounds of tomato peel was performed by HPLC. HUVEC were pre-treated with different TPC of RED-Ctr or RED-Ds, then stressed with H2O2. Cell viability, ROS production and CAT, SOD and GPx activities were evaluated. Permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED across excised rat intestine was also studied. Results: RED-Ds tomato peel extract possessed higher TPC than compared to RED-Ctr (361.32 ± 7.204 mg vs. 152.46 ± 1.568 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight). All extracts were non-cytotoxic. Two hour pre-treatment with 5 µg GAE/mL from RED-Ctr or RED-Ds showed protection from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and significantly reduced ROS production raising SOD and CAT activity (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.005 vs. H2O2, respectively). The permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED-Ctr or RED-Ds across excised rat intestine was high with non-significant difference between the two RED types (41.9 ± 9.6% vs. 26.6 ± 7.8%). Conclusions: RED-Ds tomato peel extract represents a good source of bioactive molecules, which protects HUVECs from oxidative stress at low concentration.
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Subban P, Prakash S, Bootbool Mann A, Kutsher Y, Evenor D, Levin I, Reuveni M. Functional analysis of MYB alleles from Solanum chilense and Solanum lycopersicum in controlling anthocyanin levels in heterologous tobacco plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1630-1640. [PMID: 33547660 PMCID: PMC8359420 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural pigments occurring in plants and are present in fruits, leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Tobacco plants transformed with an MYB regulatory gene from either Solanum chilense (Sc) or S. lycopersicum (Sl) demonstrate that ScANT1 induces a higher level of anthocyanin accumulation in comparison to SlANT1 and that this gene is sufficient to promote increased anthocyanin levels. We compared the aptitude of ScANT1 protein to induce anthocyanin accumulation to that of SlANT1 protein in tobacco plants. We also tested the effect of amino acid substitutions in ScANT1 and SlANT1. We examined these synthetic alleles' effect following the over-expression of additional anthocyanin synthesis regulators, such as the tomato bHLH (SlJAF13) protein. Our results show that the amino acid changes that differentiate ScANT1 from SlANT1 are the main contributors to the advantage that ScANT1 has over SlANT1 in anthocyanin accumulation per transcript unit. We further demonstrated that altering the amino acid composition of SlANT1 could increase anthocyanin accumulation, while reciprocally modifying ScANT1 lowers the anthocyanin level. These results confirm the increased anthocyanin level in tobacco is attributed to the amino acid differences between ScANT1 and SlANT1. We also show that the co-expression of SlJAF13 with SlANT1 in tobacco plants represses the anthocyanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patharajan Subban
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterPlant Science InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Shanmugam Prakash
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterPlant Science InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Amir Bootbool Mann
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterPlant Science InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Yaarit Kutsher
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterPlant Science InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Dalia Evenor
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterPlant Science InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ilan Levin
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterPlant Science InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterPlant Science InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
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Effect of postharvest irradiation with red light on epidermal color and carotenoid concentration in different parts of tomatoes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Berni R, Charton S, Planchon S, Legay S, Romi M, Cantini C, Cai G, Hausman JF, Renaut J, Guerriero G. Molecular investigation of Tuscan sweet cherries sampled over three years: gene expression analysis coupled to metabolomics and proteomics. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:12. [PMID: 33384418 PMCID: PMC7775447 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a stone fruit widely consumed and appreciated for its organoleptic properties, as well as its nutraceutical potential. We here investigated the characteristics of six non-commercial Tuscan varieties of sweet cherry maintained at the Regional Germplasm Bank of the CNR-IBE in Follonica (Italy) and sampled ca. 60 days post-anthesis over three consecutive years (2016-2017-2018). We adopted an approach merging genotyping and targeted gene expression profiling with metabolomics. To complement the data, a study of the soluble proteomes was also performed on two varieties showing the highest content of flavonoids. Metabolomics identified the presence of flavanols and proanthocyanidins in highest abundance in the varieties Morellona and Crognola, while gene expression revealed that some differences were present in genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway during the 3 years and among the varieties. Finally, proteomics on Morellona and Crognola showed variations in proteins involved in stress response, primary metabolism and cell wall expansion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-pronged study focused on Tuscan sweet cherry varieties providing insights into the differential abundance of genes, proteins and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sophie Charton
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE CNR), Dipartimento di Scienze BioAgroAlimentari, via Aurelia 49, 58022, Follonica, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
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Honda M, Ichihashi K, Takada W, Goto M. Production of ( Z)-Lycopene-Rich Tomato Concentrate: A Natural Catalyst-Utilized and Oil-Based Study for Practical Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11273-11281. [PMID: 32929966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since lycopene Z-isomers exhibit greater bioavailability and biological activity than the naturally occurring all-E-isomer, efficient manufacturing methods for (Z)-lycopene-rich materials are urgently needed. Herein, a method was developed for Z-isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene in tomato oleoresin using heat treatment and a natural catalyst, viz. allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). For practical application of this isomerization technology, no organic solvents were used, and instead, oils and fats were used as the reaction medium. The Z-isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene was promoted by heating (>120 °C) even when oil and fat media were used. Allyl isothiocyanate enhanced thermal Z-isomerization and improved the (5Z)-lycopene content, which shows higher biological activity compared to the other Z-isomers. The thermal isomerization efficiency with AITC was further improved by using certain vegetable oils such as argan and olive oils. In addition, the storage stability of (Z)-lycopene-rich tomato concentrates dispersed in olive oil was evaluated. The total Z-isomer ratio and lycopene concentration decreased with longer storage periods, and it was revealed that (5Z)-lycopene showed excellent storage stability among the mono-Z-isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kohei Ichihashi
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Limited, Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Wataru Takada
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Limited, Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Calumpang CLF, Saigo T, Watanabe M, Tohge T. Cross-Species Comparison of Fruit-Metabolomics to Elucidate Metabolic Regulation of Fruit Polyphenolics Among Solanaceous Crops. Metabolites 2020; 10:E209. [PMID: 32438728 PMCID: PMC7281770 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many solanaceous crops are an important part of the human daily diet. Fruit polyphenolics are plant specialized metabolites that are recognized for their human health benefits and their defensive role against plant abiotic and biotic stressors. Flavonoids and chlorogenates are the major polyphenolic compounds found in solanaceous fruits that vary in quantity, physiological function, and structural diversity among and within plant species. Despite their biological significance, the elucidation of metabolic shifts of polyphenols during fruit ripening in different fruit tissues, has not yet been well-characterized in solanaceous crops, especially at a cross-species and cross-cultivar level. Here, we performed a cross-species comparison of fruit-metabolomics to elucidate the metabolic regulation of fruit polyphenolics from three representative crops of Solanaceae (tomato, eggplant, and pepper), and a cross-cultivar comparison among different pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum cv.) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We observed a metabolic trade-off between hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids in pungent pepper and anthocyanin-type pepper cultivars and identified metabolic signatures of fruit polyphenolics in each species from each different tissue-type and fruit ripening stage. Our results provide additional information for metabolomics-assisted crop improvement of solanaceous fruits towards their improved nutritive properties and enhanced stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Takayuki Tohge
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; (C.L.F.C.); (T.S.); (M.W.)
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15
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Interaction of naringin and naringenin with DPPC monolayer at the air-water interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Blando F, Berland H, Maiorano G, Durante M, Mazzucato A, Picarella ME, Nicoletti I, Gerardi C, Mita G, Andersen ØM. Nutraceutical Characterization of Anthocyanin-Rich Fruits Produced by "Sun Black" Tomato Line. Front Nutr 2019; 6:133. [PMID: 31555653 PMCID: PMC6722425 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most cultivated vegetable in the world and it represents a large source of bioactive compounds, including carotenoids and polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids). However, the concentration of flavonoids in tomato is considered sub-optimal, particularly because anthocyanins are not generally present. Therefore, this crop has been the object of an intense metabolic engineering in order to obtain anthocyanin-enriched tomatoes by using either breeding or transgenic strategies. Some wild tomato species, such as S. chilense and S. cheesmaniae, biosynthesize anthocyanins in the fruit sub-epidermal tissue, and some alleles from those genotypes have been introgressed into a new developed purple tomato line, called “Sun Black” (SB). It is a tomato line with a purple skin color, both in green and in red fruit stages, due to the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the peel, and a normal red color pulp, with a taste just like a traditional tomato. SB is the result of a breeding programme and it is not a genetically modified (GM) product. We report the chemical characterization and structure elucidation of the attractive anthocyanins found in the peel of SB tomato, as well as other bioactive compounds (carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C) of the whole fruit. Using one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments, the two main anthocyanins were identified to be petunidin 3-O-[6″-O-(4‴-O-E-p-coumaroyl-α-rhamnopyranosyl) -β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-glucopyranoside (petanin) and malvidin 3-O-[6″-O-(4‴-O-E-p-coumaroyl-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-β-glucopyranoside (negretein). The total anthocyanins in the whole ripe fruit was 1.2 mg/g dry weight (DW); 7.1 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW). Chlorogenic acid (the most abundant phenolic acid) was 0.6 mg/g DW; 3.7 mg/100 g FW. The main flavonol, rutin was 0.8 mg/g DW; 5 mg/100 g FW. The total carotenoid content was 211.3 μg/g DW; 1,268 μg/100 g FW. The total phenolic content was 8.6 mg/g DW; 52.2 mg/100 g FW. The vitamin C content was 37.3 mg/100 g FW. The antioxidant activities as measured by the TEAC and ORAC assays were 31.6 and 140.3 μmol TE/g DW, respectively (193 and 855.8 μmol TE/100 g FW, respectively). The results show the unique features of this new tomato genotype with nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Blando
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (ISPA), CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Helge Berland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (ISPA), CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzucato
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio E Picarella
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Gerardi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (ISPA), CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (ISPA), CNR, Lecce, Italy
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18
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Moles TM, de Brito Francisco R, Mariotti L, Pompeiano A, Lupini A, Incrocci L, Carmassi G, Scartazza A, Pistelli L, Guglielminetti L, Pardossi A, Sunseri F, Hörtensteiner S, Santelia D. Salinity in Autumn-Winter Season and Fruit Quality of Tomato Landraces. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31611885 PMCID: PMC6769068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tomato landraces, originated by adaptive responses to local habitats, are considered a valuable resource for many traits of agronomic interest, including fruit nutritional quality. Primary and secondary metabolites are essential determinants of fruit organoleptic quality, and some of them, such as carotenoids and phenolics, have been associated with beneficial proprieties for human health. Landraces' fruit taste and flavour are often preferred by consumers compared to the commercial varieties' ones. In an autumn-winter greenhouse hydroponic experiment, the response of three Southern-Italy tomato landraces (Ciettaicale, Linosa and Corleone) and one commercial cultivar (UC-82B) to different concentrations of sodium chloride (0 mM, 60 mM or 120 mM NaCl) were evaluated. At harvest, no losses in marketable yield were noticed in any of the tested genotypes. However, under salt stress, fresh fruit yield as well as fruit calcium concentration were higher affected in the commercial cultivar than in the landraces. Furthermore, UC-82B showed a trend of decreasing lycopene and total antioxidant capacity with increasing salt concentration, whereas no changes in these parameters were observed in the landraces under 60 mM NaCl. Landraces under 120 mM NaCl accumulated more fructose and glucose in the fruits, while salt did not affect hexoses levels in UC-82B. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed differential accumulation of glycoalkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and their derivatives in the fruits of all genotypes under stress. Overall, the investigated Italian landraces showed a different behaviour compared to the commercial variety UC-82B under moderate salinity stress, showing a tolerable compromise between yield and quality attributes. Our results point to the feasible use of tomato landraces as a target to select interesting genetic traits to improve fruit quality under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Michele Moles
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Michele Moles, ; Rita de Brito Francisco, ; Lorenzo Mariotti,
| | - Rita de Brito Francisco
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Michele Moles, ; Rita de Brito Francisco, ; Lorenzo Mariotti,
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Michele Moles, ; Rita de Brito Francisco, ; Lorenzo Mariotti,
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Luca Incrocci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Carmassi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pardossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Elwan HAM, Elnesr SS, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS. The effects of dietary tomato powder (Solanum lycopersicum L.) supplementation on the haematological, immunological, serum biochemical and antioxidant parameters of growing rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:534-546. [PMID: 30597625 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Using nutritional antioxidants in livestock systems is considered the key in improving animal production. The current study assumes that dietary tomato powder (TP) supplementation positively affects haemato-immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters for New Zealand rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits (45 days old) were assigned to three groups, including a diet with no additives (control), and two dietary treatments with the providing of 1% or 2% TP. Mass spectrometric study for TP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds. Consumption of TP supplemented diets significantly (p < 0.001) affected body weight gain and feed efficiency. Red blood cells and white blood cells count exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001) in both TP groups compared with the control. In addition to, feeding rabbits on TP enhanced cell-mediated and humoral immune responses through a significant increase in phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and levels of immunoglobulins (TIg, IgG, IgM and IgA). Supplementation of TP significantly (p < 0.01) reduced lipid profile induces except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values. A remarkable significant (p < 0.001) effect on serum and hepatic oxidative stress responses were observed with TP addition. Ultimately, TP supplementation could play a potential role as a growth and health enhancer for fattening rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Shaaban Saad Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Luo C, Liang W, Chen X, Wang J, Deng Z, Zhang H. Pharmaceutical cocrystals of naringenin with improved dissolution performance. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Four pharmaceutical cocrystals of naringenin were obtained, which demonstrate improved dissolution performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- P. R. China
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
| | - Wendong Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Crystal Pharmatech
- Suzhou Industrial Park
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Zongwu Deng
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
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21
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Naringenin glucuronidation in liver and intestine microsomes of humans, monkeys, rats, and mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:417-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Tommonaro G, Speranza G, De Prisco R, Iodice C, Crudele E, Abbamondi GR, Nicolaus B. Antioxidant activity and bioactive compound contents before and after in vitro digestion of new tomato hybrids. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:5241-5246. [PMID: 28474355 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant properties and bioactive compound contents of fresh new tomato hybrids before and after in vitro digestion were investigated. To this aim, the antioxidant activities of lipophilic, hydrophilic and polyphenolic extracts of tomato hybrids were determined by ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DMPD (N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods respectively, while the bioactive compound contents were estimated via Folin-Ciocalteu (polyphenols), pH differential (anthocyanins) and high-performance liquid chromatography (lycopene and β-carotene) methods. RESULTS After the digestion process, a marked loss (ranging from 37 to 77%) of antioxidant capacity linked to the hydrophilic fraction was observed. In contrast, the lipophilic and methanolic fractions showed an increase in antioxidant activity (ranging from 9 to 40%) after gastric digestion, and a rapid decrease was observed after total digestion. Moreover, the presence of anthocyanins and carotenoids after simulated digestion was a notable result. CONCLUSION The bioavailability of bioactive metabolites from nutraceutical food and their healthful properties in humans are strictly dependent on the digestion process. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Study of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Iodice
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Egle Crudele
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
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23
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Meena M, Zehra A, Swapnil P, Dubey MK, Patel CB, Upadhyay RS. Effect on lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid and phenolic content in tomato fruits infected by Alternaria alternataand its toxins (TeA, AOH and AME). ARCHIVES OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY AND PLANT PROTECTION 2017; 50:317-329. [DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2017.1312769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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Koyama M, Ogasawara Y, Endou K, Akano H, Nakajima T, Aoyama T, Nakamura K. Fermentation-induced changes in the concentrations of organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and minerals and superoxide dismutase-like activity in tomato vinegar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1188309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Martínez-Huélamo M, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Di Lecce G, Valderas-Martínez P, Tulipani S, Jáuregui O, Escribano-Ferrer E, Estruch R, Illan M, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Bioavailability of tomato polyphenols is enhanced by processing and fat addition: Evidence from a randomized feeding trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1578-89. [PMID: 26887966 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Tomato contains a variety of phenolics associated with health-promoting properties. However, the effects of processing and the addition of oil during tomato sauce preparation on microbial metabolism of phenolics in the small intestine are still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS An open, controlled, randomized, and crossover feeding trial with 40 healthy volunteers was carried out to analyze the metabolites in plasma and urine after the consumption of tomato and tomato sauces, with tomato sauce enriched with refined olive oil (ROOE) and without refined olive oil (oil-free: OF). Ten phenolics in plasma and 93 metabolites in urine were quantified. Processing tomatoes into sauce enhanced the bioavailability of flavanones, flavanols, and some hydroxycinnamic acids, as reflected by the increase in the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve. An increase in their plasma half-life was also observed, particularly after ingestion of ROOE, possibly favored by enterohepatic circulation. A wide variety of gut microbial metabolites was also detected, namely flavanones, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids, hydroxyphenylacetic acids, and hydroxybenzoic acids. CONCLUSIONS Flavanones and flavonols in ROOE presented higher bioavailability, suggesting that the processing undergone by the raw tomato improved their absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,INRA, UMR1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Lecce
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Palmira Valderas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Investigation August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Tulipani
- Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga Hospital Complex (Virgen de la Victoria), Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- Scientific and Technological Centers of the University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Investigation August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Illan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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26
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Rizzo V, Clifford MN, Brown JE, Siracusa L, Muratore G. Effects of processing on the polyphenol and phenolic acid content and antioxidant capacity of semi-dried cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum M.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2040-2046. [PMID: 26089187 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to test the effects of pre-treating cherry tomatoes with a solution containing citric acid-NaCl-CaCl2 (10:10:24 g L(-1)), followed by one of three different drying regimes (40, 60, 80 °C) on the antioxidant capacity of their aqueous extracts and the extent of phenolic compound degradation. RESULTS Chlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and naringenin were all detected in the aqueous extracts. In fresh cherry tomatoes the predominant phenolic compound was rutin, followed by naringenin, which corresponded to 79% and 8% of the total phenolic compounds present, respectively. Pre-treatment was protective towards naringenin and had a modest protective effect on rutin and ferulic acid (0.1 > P > 0.05). Total phenolic content was similar in all samples, but there was a trend for the level of free polyphenols to be lower in treated tomatoes. The destruction of naringenin was confirmed by liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric data. CONCLUSION A significant effect of temperature on the antioxidant capacity was observed. After this treatment the industry might introduce some advances in the processing of tomatoes, preserving the main nutritive characteristics and saving the products as semi-dried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rizzo
- Di3A - Department of Agricultural, Food Nutrition and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mike N Clifford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jonathan E Brown
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muratore
- Di3A - Department of Agricultural, Food Nutrition and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Martínez-Huélamo M, Tulipani S, Jáuregui O, Valderas-Martinez P, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Estruch R, Torrado X, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Sensitive and Rapid UHPLC-MS/MS for the Analysis of Tomato Phenolics in Human Biological Samples. Molecules 2015; 20:20409-25. [PMID: 26580589 PMCID: PMC6332008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of tomato phenolic metabolites in human fluids was optimized and validated, and then applied in a pilot dietary intervention study with healthy volunteers. A 5-fold gain in speed (3.5 min of total run); 7-fold increase in MS sensitivity and 2-fold greater efficiency (50% peak width reduction) were observed when comparing the proposed method with the reference-quality HPLC-MS/MS system, whose assay performance has been previously documented. The UHPLC-MS/MS method led to an overall improvement in the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for all the phenolic compounds studied. The recoveries ranged between 68% and 100% in urine and 61% and 100% in plasma. The accuracy; intra- and interday precision; and stability met with the acceptance criteria of the AOAC International norms. Due to the improvements in the analytical method; the total phenolic metabolites detected in plasma and urine in the pilot intervention study were 3 times higher than those detected by HPLC-MS/MS. Comparing with traditional methods; which require longer time of analysis; the methodology described is suitable for the analysis of phenolic compounds in a large number of plasma and urine samples in a reduced time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Sara Tulipani
- Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Teatinos Campus, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- Scientific and Technological Centers of the University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Palmira Valderas-Martinez
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Investigation August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- INRA, UMR1083 Sciences for Oenology, 2 place Pierre Viala, Montpellier Cedex 34060, France.
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Investigation August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Xavier Torrado
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN). Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Tommonaro G, De Prisco R, Pergamo R, Iodice C, Abbamondi GR, Spagnuolo A, Nicolaus B. Effects of Industrial Processes on Antioxidant Power and Polyphenols Profile in Cherry Tomato Cultivar. J Med Food 2015; 18:1173-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rita Pergamo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Iodice
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Chattopadhyay A, Grijalva V, Hough G, Su F, Mukherjee P, Farias-Eisner R, Anantharamaiah GM, Faull KF, Hwang LH, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Reddy ST. Efficacy of tomato concentrates in mouse models of dyslipidemia and cancer. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00154. [PMID: 26171234 PMCID: PMC4492730 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that adding freeze-dried tomato powder from transgenic plants expressing the apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 6F at 2.2% by weight to a Western diet (WD) ameliorated dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice. The same dose in a human would require three cups of tomato powder three times daily. To reduce the volume, we sought a method to concentrate 6F. Remarkably, extracting the transgenic freeze-dried tomato overnight in ethyl acetate with 5% acetic acid resulted in a 37-fold reduction in the amount of transgenic tomato needed for biologic activity. In a mouse model of dyslipidemia, adding 0.06% by weight of the tomato concentrate expressing the 6F peptide (Tg6F) to a WD significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.0065). In a mouse model of colon cancer metastatic to the lungs, adding 0.06% of Tg6F, but not a control tomato concentrate (EV), to standard mouse chow reduced tumor-associated neutrophils by 94 ± 1.1% (P = 0.0052), and reduced tumor burden by two-thirds (P = 0.0371). Adding 0.06% of either EV or Tg6F by weight to standard mouse chow significantly reduced tumor burden in a mouse model of ovarian cancer; however, Tg6F was significantly more effective (35% reduction for EV vs. 53% reduction for Tg6F; P = 0.0069). Providing the same dose of tomato concentrate to humans would require only two tablespoons three times daily making this a practical approach for testing oral apoA-I mimetic therapy in the treatment of dyslipidemia and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chattopadhyay
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Victor Grijalva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Greg Hough
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Pallavi Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Robin Farias-Eisner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Kym F Faull
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Lin H Hwang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736 ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736 ; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, 90095-1736
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Kim MJ, Kim JI, Kang MJ, Kwon B, Jun JG, Choi JH, Kim MJ. Quality evaluation of fresh tomato juices prepared using high-speed centrifugal and low-speed masticating household juicers. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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31
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Csambalik L, Divéky-Ertsey A, Pap Z, Orbán C, Stégerné Máté M, Gere A, Stefanovits-Bányai É, Sipos L. Coherences of instrumental and sensory characteristics: case study on cherry tomatoes. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C2192-202. [PMID: 25319201 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate 6 cherry tomato varieties in terms of morphological, instrumental, and sensory attributes. Hungarian cherry tomato landraces have not been investigated in comparison with new commercial varieties for these traits. Parameters investigated were water-soluble antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH, and TEAC), and total polyphenol, vitamin C, β-carotene, lycopene, total soluble solids, and acid contents. Colorimetric measurements as well as sensory analyses were conducted. It was concluded that varied antioxidant assays should be used in parallel to overcome the selectivity of any 1 method. Total phenolic content significantly contributed to results of antioxidant assays for the investigated varieties. The sensory profiles of the 6 cherry tomato varieties have been created. The differences between the products based on the 18 attributes were analyzed by Tukey post hoc test. The biplot of the principal component analysis showed that the sensory panel could discriminate the samples along the principal components. No correlation was found between colorimetric data a* and b* measured from pulp and lycopene, but a negative connection of β-carotene and hue was noted. Total polyphenol content showed correlations with colorimetric results, except for b*. The influence of tomato skin color on color perception is significant as in the present study instrumental data measured from pulp did not match that of the panelists evaluating intact fruit. Instrumental results of sugar content were supported by the ratings of the sensory panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Csambalik
- Divéky-Ertsey are with Faculty of Horticulture, Dept. of Ecological and Sustainable Production Systems, Corvinus Univ. Budapest, Villányi st. 29-43, 1118, Budapest, Hungary
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Fernández-García E. Photoprotection of human dermal fibroblasts against ultraviolet light by antioxidant combinations present in tomato. Food Funct 2014; 5:285-90. [PMID: 24323485 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we evaluated and compared, for the first time in a cell model, the effect of lycopene alone or in association with various antioxidants present in tomato such as α-tocopherol or naringenin, on their capacity to protect against oxidative stress generated in human dermal fibroblasts (hdf) exposed to ultraviolet-A (UVA) light. UVA irradiation of hdf led to a reduced cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Similar effects were observed when cells were exposed to lycopene. This reduction was suppressed in the presence of naringenin but not with α-tocopherol. Reactive oxygen species production was strongly induced by UVA irradiation. Only co-incubation with naringenin (highest level) was able to inhibit this effect. The combination of lycopene : naringenin further increased the stability of the carotenoid. Heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression was induced by UVA irradiation but none of the antioxidants inhibited this effect at the concentrations used in the study. Indeed, lycopene (1 μM) led to a further 2.5-fold rise in the UVA-induced HO-1 expression. However, this effect was suppressed by concomitant addition of naringenin. In our study, naringenin prevents oxidative degradation of lycopene. These results strengthen the hypothesis that combinations of dietary antioxidants present in tomato other than lycopene alone could play a role in the health effects of tomato as evidenced by epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Fernández-García
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Anton D, Matt D, Pedastsaar P, Bender I, Kazimierczak R, Roasto M, Kaart T, Luik A, Püssa T. Three-year comparative study of polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacities in fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars grown under organic and conventional conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5173-5180. [PMID: 24811708 DOI: 10.1021/jf500792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, four tomato cultivars were grown under organic and conventional conditions in separate unheated greenhouses in three consecutive years. The objective was to assess the influence of the cultivation system on the content of individual polyphenols, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity of tomatoes. The fruits were analyzed for total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant capacity by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Individual phenolic compounds were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Among 30 identified and quantified polyphenols, significantly higher contents of apigenin acetylhexoside, caffeic acid hexoside I, and phloretin dihexoside were found in all organic samples. The content of polyphenols was more dependent on year and cultivar than on cultivation conditions. Generally, the cultivation system had minor impact on polyphenols content, and only a few compounds were influenced by the mode of cultivation in all tested cultivars during all three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Anton
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences , Kreutzwaldi 56/3 Tartu 51014, Estonia
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Kavitha P, Shivashankara KS, Rao VK, Sadashiva AT, Ravishankar KV, Sathish GJ. Genotypic variability for antioxidant and quality parameters among tomato cultivars, hybrids, cherry tomatoes and wild species. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:993-9. [PMID: 24037905 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide germplasm diversity and transferability of antioxidant parameters is the primary requirement for the development of high-antioxidant tomato cultivars. The present study was conducted to screen tomato genotypes including hybrids, varieties, cherry tomatoes, wild species, elite germplasm lines, interspecific hybrids and backcross populations for antioxidant activity and other quality parameters to select high-antioxidant lines with good total soluble solids (TSS) for further usage in crop improvement programmes. RESULTS Wild species and interspecific hybrids between LA-1777 (Solanum habrochaites) and an elite genotype 15SBSB recorded very high antioxidant capacity (FRAP), DPPH radical-scavenging ability, and high phenols and flavonoids. Interspecific hybrids also recorded very high total soluble solids (TSS). Significantly higher total carotenoids, lycopene and vitamin C were observed in IIHR-249-1 with moderately higher TSS. Cherry tomato lines IIHR-2866, 2865 and 2864 recorded four to five times more β-carotene than commercial hybrids/varieties. CONCLUSION Tomato line IIHR-249-1 can be used for improving antioxidant capacity, total carotenoids and lycopene in tomato breeding programmes. Cherry tomato lines IIHR-2866, 2865 and 2864 can be used for improving β-carotene content. LA-1777 and interspecific hybrids could be used for developing tomato lines rich in antioxidants as well as TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pillakenchappa Kavitha
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, 560 089, India
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35
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Vinha AF, Alves RC, Barreira SV, Castro A, Costa AS, Oliveira MBP. Effect of peel and seed removal on the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruits. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Regueiro J, Sánchez-González C, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Simal-Gándara J, Lamuela-Raventós R, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Comprehensive identification of walnut polyphenols by liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 152:340-8. [PMID: 24444946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have demonstrated consistent benefits of walnut consumption on coronary heart disease risk and other chronic diseases. Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) have been described previously as a rich source of polyphenols with a broad array of different structures. However, an accurate screening of its complete phenolic profile is still lacking. In the present work, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-LTQ-Orbitrap) was applied for a comprehensive identification of phenolic compounds in walnuts. A total of 120 compounds, including hydrolysable and condensed tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified or tentatively identified on the base of their retention times, accurate mass measurements and subsequent mass fragmentation data, or by comparing with reference substances and literature. The peak area of each signal in mass chromatograms was used to provide semiquantitative information for comparison purposes. The most abundant ions were observed for ellagitannins, ellagic acid and its derivatives. Furthermore, the high-resolution MS analysis revealed the presence of eight polyphenols that have never been reported in walnuts: stenophyllanin C, malabathrin A, eucalbanin A, cornusiin B, heterophylliin E, pterocarinin B, reginin A and alienanin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Regueiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Claudia Sánchez-González
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Rosa Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Carrillo-López A, Yahia E. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds During Ripening in Exocarp and Mesocarp of Tomato Fruit. J Food Sci 2013; 78:C1839-44. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Carrillo-López
- Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Culiacán Sinaloa 80000 México
| | - Elhadi Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro; Juriquilla 76230 Querétaro México
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Nicoletto C, Tosini F, Sambo P. Effect of grafting and ripening conditions on some qualitative traits of 'Cuore di bue' tomato fruits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1397-1403. [PMID: 23070949 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting technique is increasingly being employed in order to obtain high production in difficult soils and to reduce chemical application. The present experimental work addressed the effect of grafting of tomato, cv. "Profitto" (P), on to the rootstocks "Beaufort" (B) and "Big Power" (BP) on fruit quality. Both fruit left to ripen on the plant and fruit stored at low temperature (4 °C) were included in the quality assessment. RESULTS Vitamin C and fructose content decreased in B and BP in fruits stored at 4 °C, whereas fruits ripened on the plant showed higher sugar concentrations. The free phenolic acids extracted were identified as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. Higher antioxidant compound content was consistently shown by P. Cold storage conditions caused a higher phenolic acid production due to the increase of ferulic acid. Compared with ripening on the plant, percentage differences ranged between 14.3% (caffeic acid) and 12.5% (p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids). Total phenol content was also affected by maturation, showing higher values in fruits ripened on the plant than under cold storage conditions. CONCLUSIONS It was possible to observe a significant relationship between tomato fruit quality and grafting and relevant differences in fruit ripening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Nicoletto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Agripolis-University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
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39
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Oludemi FO, Akanbi CT. Chemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of tomato-watermelon-pineapple blends, and changes in their total antioxidant capacity during storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Femi O. Oludemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Technology; Obafemi Awolowo University; Ile-Ife; 220002; Nigeria
| | - Charles T. Akanbi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Technology; Obafemi Awolowo University; Ile-Ife; 220002; Nigeria
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40
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Kalogeropoulos N, Chiou A, Pyriochou V, Peristeraki A, Karathanos VT. Bioactive phytochemicals in industrial tomatoes and their processing byproducts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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41
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Vallverdú-Queralt A, Arranz S, Casals-Ribes I, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Stability of the phenolic and carotenoid profile of gazpachos during storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1981-1988. [PMID: 22292529 DOI: 10.1021/jf204142j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gazpacho is a ready-to-use vegetable soup containing tomato, cucumber, pepper, olive oil, and other minor constituents such as onion, garlic, wine vinegar, sea salt, and water. In this work, changes in individual phenolic and carotenoid compounds of commercial gazpachos, as well as in their hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacities (measured through ABTS+ and DPPH radicals), were assessed for 3 months at 4 °C. The storage of gazpachos at 4 °C for 3 months results in a slight decrease in their polyphenol and carotenoid content and also in the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacities, but the levels achieved could not be construed as a nutritional drawback. The main degradation was quercetin oxidation because the hydroxy function at the C-ring of the flavonoid is not blocked by a sugar moiety as it is in the case of rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and glycosylated caffeic and ferulic acids. Lycopene underwent significant losses throughout storage as 11 conjugated double bonds are present in its structure and should be more reactive than trans-lutein and trans-β-carotene. cis-Lycopene isomers slightly decreased. However, 5-cis-lycopene underwent a slight increase. This phenomenon could be explained by cis-isomerization increasing the proportion of cis-isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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García-Valverde V, Navarro-González I, García-Alonso J, Periago MJ. Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds in Selected Industrial Processing and Fresh Consumption Tomato Cultivars. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Vallverdú-Queralt A, Arranz S, Medina-Remón A, Casals-Ribes I, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Changes in phenolic content of tomato products during storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9358-9365. [PMID: 21819081 DOI: 10.1021/jf202140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of storage on the total polyphenol content and individual phenolic compounds as well as on the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of ketchups and tomato juices was studied. The total polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the antioxidant capacity of the hydrophilic fraction was determined using DPPH and ABTS(+) assays. Individual polyphenols were identified and quantified using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry on a triple quadrupole. All analyses were carried out for ketchups and tomato juices after storage for 3, 6, and 9 months. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of the hydrophilic fraction decreased during storage of ketchups and tomato juices. Ketchups, in general, showed a slightly greater stability during storage than tomato juices. The most significant decrease was observed for quercetin followed by caffeic and ferulic acids, whereas glycosilated polyphenols showed greater stability during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Vallverdú-Queralt A, Medina-Remón A, Martínez-Huélamo M, Jáuregui O, Andres-Lacueva C, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Phenolic profile and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity as chemotaxonomic markers of tomato varieties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3994-4001. [PMID: 21395257 DOI: 10.1021/jf104400g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the second most important vegetable crop worldwide, are a key component in the so-called "Mediterranean diet", which is strongly associated with a reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases. In this work, we evaluate the differences in the total and individual polyphenol content and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of seven varieties of tomato cultivated in Vegas Bajas del Guadiana, Badajoz (Spain), which were collected from two consecutive harvests (2008-2009). Hydrophilic antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the TEAC assay, while the Folin-Ciocalteau assay with a previous cleanup was used to establish total polyphenol content. The method was optimized and validated. Individual polyphenols were quantified using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole. All compounds were found to be significantly different when analysis of variance was performed. Results from the principal component analysis show that phenolic compounds and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were responsible for the differences among tomato samples according to variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Vallverdú-Queralt A, Medina-Remón A, Andres-Lacueva C, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Changes in phenolic profile and antioxidant activity during production of diced tomatoes. Food Chem 2010; 126:1700-7. [PMID: 25213947 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tomatoes and tomato-based products are rich in antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamin C and polyphenols. The industrial processing of diced tomatoes involves heat treatments in which these antioxidant compounds may be potentially affected. In this study, we evaluate the effect of each separate step in the dice-making process. Three technological processes were investigated: Hot, Cold and Cold treated with calcium salt (CaCl2). Four stages were monitored in each process: (1) fresh tomatoes; (2) peeled tomatoes; (3) diced tomatoes; and (4) final product after sauce addition. The main tool for minimising or counteracting the eventual processing damage was the strategy of 'reconstitution', achieved by adding a sauce rich in seeds and peels with high levels of antioxidants and phenolics to the diced tomatoes. Different analyses were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of each processing step. First, total polyphenols (TP) were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau (F-C) assay and antioxidant activity using ABTS(+) and DPPH assays. Flavonols, flavanones, hydroxycinnamic and phenolic acids were then quantified using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that each processing step induces alterations in the antioxidant and phenolic profile, and in particular sauce addition and calcium treatment significantly affected the levels of antioxidants and phenolics during the dice-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and RETICS RD06/0045/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Alexander Medina-Remón
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and RETICS RD06/0045/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ingenio-CONSOLIDER Program, FUN-C-FOOD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and RETICS RD06/0045/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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46
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Human erythrocytes as a system for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of vegetable extracts. Nutr Res 2009; 28:457-63. [PMID: 19083446 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals are fairly unstable and highly reactive substances, able of causing oxidation and sometimes-irreversible damage to cells, compromising their function. The Brassicaceae family has many important species for the regular human diet as they provide several antioxidant constituents. In this study, the antioxidant potential of the hydroethanolic extracts prepared from the edible parts of kale, broccoli, and radish was investigated in vitro using human erythrocytes under oxidative stress imposed by phenylhydrazine as an experimental model, in which the methemoglobin levels were measured. When the results were compared with the antioxidant capacity shown by the traditional 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate free radical and phosphomolybdenum complex methods, the extracts tested showed significant and correspondent antioxidant activity. Broccoli extract presented the highest antioxidant activity, followed closely by the kale, whereas the radish extract occupied the lowest position. The results derived from the human erythrocyte system have shown it as an alternative method for evaluating the antioxidant properties of vegetable extracts.
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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Yamanaka T, Vincken JP, de Waard P, Sanders M, Takada N, Gruppen H. Isolation, characterization, and surfactant properties of the major triterpenoid glycosides from unripe tomato fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11432-11440. [PMID: 18998702 DOI: 10.1021/jf802351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Various triterpenoid glycosides were extracted from whole unripe tomato fruits ( Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Cedrico), using aqueous 70% (v/v) ethanol to study their surfactant properties. Cation-exchange chromatography using a Source 15S column and subsequent semipreparative HPLC using an XTerra RP18 were employed to purify individual triterpenoid glycosides from the extract. The structure of the purified compounds was established by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The furostanol glycoside tomatoside A (749 mg/kg of DW) and the glycoalkaloids alpha-tomatine (196 mg/kg of DW) and esculeoside A (427 mg/kg of DW) were the major triterpenoid glycosides present. Furthermore, minor amounts of a new dehydrofurostanol glycoside, dehydrotomatoside, were found. The critical micelle concentrations of the major triterpenoid glycosides, alpha-tomatine, tomatoside A, and esculeoside A, were determined as 0.099, 0.144, and 0.412 g/L, respectively. The results show that tomatoside A, and not the more well-known alpha-tomatine, is the predominant triterpenoidal surfactant in unripe tomato fruits.
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Kalia K, Sharma K, Singh HP, Singh B. Effects of extraction methods on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in aerial parts of Potentilla atrosanguinea Lodd. and quantification of its phenolic constituents by RP-HPLC. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10129-10134. [PMID: 18841977 DOI: 10.1021/jf802188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different solvent systems (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and their 50% aqueous concentrations) and extraction procedures (microwave, ultrasound, Soxhlet and maceration) on the antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Potentilla atrosanguinea were investigated by three different bioassays: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). The 50% aqueous ethanol extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity measured in terms of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) [(54.34 to 122.96, 29.82 to 101.22 and 13.64 to 41.43) mg of Trolox/g] with ABTS (*+), DPPH (*) and FRAP assays, respectively. In general, TEAC of Soxhlet extracts was found to be 1.8 and 3 times higher than ultrasound and maceration but slightly (1.2 times) higher than microwave. A positive correlation (r(2) = 0.931 to 0.982) was observed between total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents which ranged between 26.7 to 30.7 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 16.8 to 20.8 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively, with antioxidant activity. In addition, some of its bioactive phenolic constituents which contribute largely toward antioxidant potential such as chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin were also quantified in different extracts by RP-HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kalia
- Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Post Box 6, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Helmja K, Vaher M, Püssa T, Raudsepp P, Kaljurand M. Evaluation of antioxidative capability of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)skin constituents by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3980-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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