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Garcia-Garcia HM, Waksman R, Melaku GD, Garg M, Beyene S, Wlodarczak A, Kerai A, Levine MB, van der Schaaf RJ, Torzewski J, Ferdinande B, Escaned J, Iglesias JF, Bennett J, Toth GG, Joner M, Toelg R, Wiemer M, Olivecrona G, Vermeersch P, Haude M. Temporal changes in coronary plaque as assessed by an artificial intelligence-based optical coherence tomography: from the first-in-human trial on DREAMS 3G scaffold. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:491-497. [PMID: 37936296 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the baseline plaque composition on the DREAMS 3G luminal late loss and to compare the serial plaque changes between baseline and 6 and 12 months (M) follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 116 patients were enrolled in the BIOMAG-I trial. Patients were imaged with optical coherence tomography (OCT) pre- and post-DREAMS 3G implantation and at 6 and 12 M. OCTPlus software uses artificial intelligence to assess composition (i.e. lipid, calcium, and fibrous tissue) of the plaque. The differences between the OCT-derived minimum lumen area (MLA) post-percutaneous coronary intervention and 12 M were grouped into three terciles. Patients with larger MLA differences at 12 M (P = 0.0003) had significantly larger content of fibrous tissue at baseline. There was a reduction of 24.8% and 20.9% in lipid area, both P < 0.001, between the pre-DREAMS 3G OCT and the 6 and 12 M follow-up. Conversely, the fibrous tissue increased by 48.4% and 36.0% at 6 and 12 M follow-up, both P < 0.001. CONCLUSION The larger the fibrous tissue in the lesion at baseline, the larger the luminal loss seen at 6 and 12 M. Following the implantation of DREAMS 3G, favourable healing of the vessel coronary wall occurs as shown by a decrease in the lipid area and an increase in fibrous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector M Garcia-Garcia
- Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Ron Waksman
- Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Gebremedhin D Melaku
- Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Mohil Garg
- Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Solomon Beyene
- Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Adrian Wlodarczak
- Department of Cardiology, Miedziowe Centrum Zdrowia SA, Lubin, Poland
| | - Ajay Kerai
- Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Molly B Levine
- Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Jan Torzewski
- Cardiovascular Center Oberallgäu-Kempten, Kempten, Germany
| | - Bert Ferdinande
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg (ZOL), Genk, Belgium
| | - Javier Escaned
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Iglesias
- Cardiology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Bennett
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabor G Toth
- Division Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Joner
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, München, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph Toelg
- Cardiology Department, Heart Center Segeberger Kliniken, Bad Segeberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Wiemer
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Göran Olivecrona
- Department of Cardiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Vermeersch
- Interventional Cardiology, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Michael Haude
- Medical Clinic I, Rheinland Klinikum Neuss GmbH, Lukaskrankenhaus, Neuss, Germany
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Manta CP, Leibing T, Friedrich M, Nolte H, Adrian M, Schledzewski K, Krzistetzko J, Kirkamm C, David Schmid C, Xi Y, Stojanovic A, Tonack S, de la Torre C, Hammad S, Offermanns S, Krüger M, Cerwenka A, Platten M, Goerdt S, Géraud C. Targeting of Scavenger Receptors Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by a Plasma Proteome Switch Mediating Monocyte/Macrophage Suppression. Circulation 2022; 146:1783-1799. [PMID: 36325910 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scavenger receptors Stabilin-1 (Stab1) and Stabilin-2 (Stab2) are preferentially expressed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. They mediate the clearance of circulating plasma molecules controlling distant organ homeostasis. Studies suggest that Stab1 and Stab2 may affect atherosclerosis. Although subsets of tissue macrophages also express Stab1, hematopoietic Stab1 deficiency does not modulate atherogenesis. Here, we comprehensively studied how targeting Stab1 and Stab2 affects atherosclerosis. METHODS ApoE-KO mice were interbred with Stab1-KO and Stab2-KO mice and fed a Western diet. For antibody targeting, Ldlr-KO mice were also used. Unbiased plasma proteomics were performed and independently confirmed. Ligand binding studies comprised glutathione-S-transferase-pulldown and endocytosis assays. Plasma proteome effects on monocytes were studied by single-cell RNA sequencing in vivo, and by gene expression analyses of Stabilin ligand-stimulated and plasma-stimulated bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages in vitro. RESULTS Spontaneous and Western diet-associated atherogenesis was significantly reduced in ApoE-Stab1-KO and ApoE-Stab2-KO mice. Similarly, inhibition of Stab1 or Stab2 by monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced Western diet-associated atherosclerosis in ApoE-KO and Ldlr-KO mice. Although neither plasma lipid levels nor circulating immune cell numbers were decisively altered, plasma proteomics revealed a switch in the plasma proteome, consisting of 231 dysregulated proteins comparing wildtype with Stab1/2-single and Stab1/2-double KO, and of 41 proteins comparing ApoE-, ApoE-Stab1-, and ApoE-Stab2-KO. Among this broad spectrum of common, but also disparate scavenger receptor ligand candidates, periostin, reelin, and TGFBi (transforming growth factor, β-induced), known to modulate atherosclerosis, were independently confirmed as novel circulating ligands of Stab1/2. Single-cell RNA sequencing of circulating myeloid cells of ApoE-, ApoE-Stab1-, and ApoE-Stab2-KO mice showed transcriptomic alterations in patrolling (Ccr2-/Cx3cr1++/Ly6Clo) and inflammatory (Ccr2+/Cx3cr1+/Ly6Chi) monocytes, including downregulation of proatherogenic transcription factor Egr1. In wildtype bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages, ligand exposure alone did not alter Egr1 expression in vitro. However, exposure to plasma from ApoE-Stab1-KO and ApoE-Stab2-KO mice showed a reverted proatherogenic macrophage activation compared with ApoE-KO plasma, including downregulation of Egr1 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Stab1/Stab2 mediates an anti-inflammatory switch in the plasma proteome, including direct Stabilin ligands. The altered plasma proteome suppresses both patrolling and inflammatory monocytes and, thus, systemically protects against atherogenesis. Altogether, anti-Stab1- and anti-Stab2-targeted therapies provide a novel approach for the future treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin-Petru Manta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Leibing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology (T.L., M.A., J.K., C.K., Y.X., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Mirco Friedrich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Department of Neurology, MCTN (M.F., M.P.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.F., M.P.)
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Institute for Genetics and CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany (H.N., M.K.).,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany (H.N.)
| | - Monica Adrian
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology (T.L., M.A., J.K., C.K., Y.X., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jessica Krzistetzko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology (T.L., M.A., J.K., C.K., Y.X., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Christof Kirkamm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology (T.L., M.A., J.K., C.K., Y.X., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Christian David Schmid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Yannick Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology (T.L., M.A., J.K., C.K., Y.X., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ana Stojanovic
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, MI3 (A.S., A.C.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sarah Tonack
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.T., S.O., M.K.)
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Centre for Medical Research (ZMF) (C.d.l.T.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Medicine II (S.H.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.T., S.O., M.K.)
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics and CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany (H.N., M.K.).,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.T., S.O., M.K.)
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, MI3 (A.S., A.C.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Department of Neurology, MCTN (M.F., M.P.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.F., M.P.)
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology (T.L., M.A., J.K., C.K., Y.X., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) (C.-P.M., T.L., M.F., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., A.S., A.C., M.P., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Human platelets release TGFBIp in acute myocardial infarction. Heart Vessels 2022; 37:1962-1970. [PMID: 35545686 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-022-02086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp) is released from activated platelets and promotes pro-thrombotic complications like pulmonary embolism. The role of TGFBIp in acute coronary syndrome, especially with a focus on platelets, has not been investigated so far. Using ELISA and immunoblotting, we demonstrate platelet TGFBIp release in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated TGFBIp-induced platelet adhesion and rolling by flow chamber and chemotactic effects of TGFBIp in transwell experiments. Immunochemistry staining of arterial vessels detected TGFBIp and the platelet-specific protein GPVI in the vessel wall.We demonstrate for the first time that platelet TGFBIp release is significantly increased in MI and correlates with the severity of acute coronary syndromes (STEMI, NSTEMI). After activation with TRAP, platelets release TGFBIp and TGFBIp itself activates platelets. Under flow, TGFBIp-mediated platelet rolling and adherence similarly to collagen. TGFBIp significantly increased platelet transmigration and we demonstrate TGFBIp deposits in the wall of human arteries. In this study, we add novel aspects to the role of TGFBIp in acute coronary syndrome by demonstrating that TGFBIp is partially released from platelets during MI and has activating, pro-adhesive and pro-migratory effects on platelets that could contribute to the disease development of coronary vascular inflammation and MI.
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Roly ZY, Godini R, Estermann MA, Major AT, Pocock R, Smith CA. Transcriptional landscape of the embryonic chicken Müllerian duct. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:688. [PMID: 33008304 PMCID: PMC7532620 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Müllerian ducts are paired embryonic tubes that give rise to the female reproductive tract in vertebrates. Many disorders of female reproduction can be attributed to anomalies of Müllerian duct development. However, the molecular genetics of Müllerian duct formation is poorly understood and most disorders of duct development have unknown etiology. In this study, we describe for the first time the transcriptional landscape of the embryonic Müllerian duct, using the chicken embryo as a model system. RNA sequencing was conducted at 1 day intervals during duct formation to identify developmentally-regulated genes, validated by in situ hybridization. Results This analysis detected hundreds of genes specifically up-regulated during duct morphogenesis. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed enrichment for developmental pathways associated with cell adhesion, cell migration and proliferation, ERK and WNT signaling, and, interestingly, axonal guidance. The latter included factors linked to neuronal cell migration or axonal outgrowth, such as Ephrin B2, netrin receptor, SLIT1 and class A semaphorins. A number of transcriptional modules were identified that centred around key hub genes specifying matrix-associated signaling factors; SPOCK1, HTRA3 and ADGRD1. Several novel regulators of the WNT and TFG-β signaling pathway were identified in Müllerian ducts, including APCDD1 and DKK1, BMP3 and TGFBI. A number of novel transcription factors were also identified, including OSR1, FOXE1, PRICKLE1, TSHZ3 and SMARCA2. In addition, over 100 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were expressed during duct formation. Conclusions This study provides a rich resource of new candidate genes for Müllerian duct development and its disorders. It also sheds light on the molecular pathways engaged during tubulogenesis, a fundamental process in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Yesmin Roly
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rasoul Godini
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Martin A Estermann
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew T Major
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Craig A Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Subbotin VM. Pattern of organ remodeling in chronic non-communicable diseases is due to endogenous regulations and falls under the category of Kauffman's self-organization: A case of arterial neointimal pathology. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110106. [PMID: 32759005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis is based on analysis of pathologic findings that may result in perceived patterns. The same is true for diagnostic pathology: Pattern analysis is a foundation of the histopathology-based diagnostic system and, in conjunction with clinical and laboratory findings, forms a basis for the classification of diseases. Any histopathology diagnosis is based on the explicit assumption that the same diseased condition should result in formation of the same (or highly similar) morphologic patterns in different individuals; it is a standard approach in microscopic pathology, including that of non-communicable chronic diseases with organ remodeling. During fifty years of examining diseased tissues under microscopy, I keep asking the same question: Why is a similarity of patterns expected for chronic organ remodeling? For infection diseases, xenobiotic toxicity and deficiencies forming an identical pathologic pattern in different individuals is understandable and logical: The same infection, xenobiotic, or deficiency strikes the same target, which results in identical pathology. The same is true for Mendelian diseases: The same mutations lead to the same altered gene expressions and the same pathologic pattern. But why does this regularity hold true for chronic diseases with organ remodeling? Presumable causes (or risk factors) for a particular chronic disease differ in magnitude and duration between individuals, which should result in various series of transformations. Yet, mysteriously enough, pathological remodeling in a particular chronic disease always falls into a main dominating pattern, perpetuating and progressing in a similar fashion in different patients. Furthermore, some chronic diseases of different etiologies and dissimilar causes/risk factors manifest as identical or highly similar patterns of pathologic remodeling. HYPOTHESIS: I hypothesize that regulations governing a particular organ's chronic remodeling were selected in evolution as the safest response to various insults and physiologic stress conditions. This hypothesis implies that regulations directing diseased chronic remodeling always preexist but normally are controlled; this control can be disrupted by a diverse range of non-specific signals, liberating the pathway for identical pathologic remodeling. This hypothesis was tested in an analysis of arterial neointimal formation, the identical pathology occurring in different diseases and pathological conditions: graft vascular disease in organ transplantation, in-stent restenosis, peripheral arterial diseases, idiopathic intimal hyperplasia, Kawasaki disease, coronary atherosclerosis and as reaction to drugs. The hypothesis suggests that arterial intimal cells are poised between only two alternative pathways: the pathway with controlled intimal cell proliferation or the pathway where such control is disrupted, ultimately leading to the progressive neointimal pathology. By this property the arterial neointimal formation constitutes a special case of Kauffman's self-organization. This new hypothesis gives a parsimonious explanation for identical pathological patterns of arterial remodeling (neointimal formation), which occurs in diseases of different etiologies and due to dissimilar causes/risk factors, or without any etiology and causes/risk factors at all. This new hypothesis also suggests that regulation facilitating intimal cell proliferation cannot be overwritten or annulled because this feature is vital for arterial differentiation, cell renewal, and integrity. This hypothesis suggests that studying numerous, and likely interchangeable, non-specific signals that disrupt regulation controlling intimal cell proliferation is unproductive; instead, a study of the controlling regulation(s) itself should be a priority of our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M Subbotin
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Arrowhead Parmaceuticals, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
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Milutinović A, Šuput D, Zorc-Pleskovič R. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the tunica intima, media, and adventitia of coronary arteries: An updated review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:21-30. [PMID: 31465719 PMCID: PMC7029210 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries and it affects the structure and function of all three layers of the coronary artery wall. Current theories suggest that the dysfunction of endothelial cells is one of the initial steps in the development of atherosclerosis. The view that the tunica intima normally consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the subendothelial layer and internal elastic membrane has been questioned in recent years. The structure of intima changes with age and it becomes multilayered due to migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to intima. At this stage, the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells do not cause pathological changes in the intima. The multilayering of intima is classically considered to be an important stage in the development of atherosclerosis, but in fact atherosclerotic plaques develop only focally due to the interplay of various processes that involve the resident and invading inflammatory cells. The tunica media consists of multiple layers of smooth muscle cells that produce the extracellular matrix, and this layer normally does not contain microvessels. During the development of atherosclerosis, the microvessels from the tunica adventitia or from the lumen may penetrate thickened media to provide nutrition and oxygenation. According to some theories, the endothelial dysfunction of these nutritive vessels may significantly contribute to the atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. The adventitia contains fibroblasts, progenitor cells, immune cells, microvessels, and adrenergic nerves. The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration into the adventitia, which can lead to the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs, correlates with the severity of atherosclerotic plaques. Coronary arteries are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue that also participates in the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Milutinović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ruda Zorc-Pleskovič
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Center for Cardiovascular Diseases MC Medicor d.d., Izola, Slovenia.
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7
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Expression Profile Analysis of Selenium-Related Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Keshan Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4352905. [PMID: 31828104 PMCID: PMC6885826 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4352905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Keshan disease (KD) is an endemic cardiomyopathy, which mainly occurs in China. Selenium deficiency is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of KD, but the molecular mechanism of selenium-induced damage remains unclear. To identify the key genes involved in selenium-induced damage, we compared the expression profiles of selenium-related genes between patients with KD and normal controls. Total RNA was isolated, amplified, labeled, and hybridized to Agilent human 4 × 44 K whole genome microarrays. Selenium-related genes were screened using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The microarray data were subjected to single-gene and gene ontology (GO) expression analysis using R Studio and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to validate the microarray results. We identified 16 upregulated and 11 downregulated selenium-related genes in patients. These genes are involved in apoptosis, metabolism, transcription regulation, ion transport, and growth and development. Of the significantly enriched GO categories in KD patients, we identified four apoptosis-related, two metabolism-related, four growth and development-related, and four ion transport-related GOs. Based on our results, we suggest that selenium might contribute to the development of KD through dysfunction of selenium-related genes involved in apoptosis, metabolism, ion transport, and growth and development in the myocardium.
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8
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Lang K, Kahveci S, Bonberg N, Wichert K, Behrens T, Hovanec J, Roghmann F, Noldus J, Tam YC, Tannapfel A, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T. TGFBI Protein Is Increased in the Urine of Patients with High-Grade Urothelial Carcinomas, and Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184483. [PMID: 31514337 PMCID: PMC6770034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we discovered TGFBI as a new urinary biomarker for muscle invasive and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC). After biomarker identification using antibody arrays, results were verified in urine samples from a study population consisting of 303 patients with UC, and 128 urological and 58 population controls. The analyses of possible modifying factors (age, sex, smoking status, urinary leukocytes and erythrocytes, and history of UC) were calculated by multiple logistic regression. Additionally, we performed knockdown experiments with TGFBI siRNA in bladder cancer cells and investigated the effects on proliferation and migration by wound closure assays and BrdU cell cycle analysis. TGFBI concentrations in urine are generally increased in patients with UC when compared to urological and population controls (1321.0 versus 701.3 and 475.6 pg/mg creatinine, respectively). However, significantly increased TGFBI was predominantly found in muscle invasive (14,411.7 pg/mg creatinine), high-grade (8190.7 pg/mg) and de novo UC (1856.7 pg/mg; all p < 0.0001). Knockdown experiments in vitro led to a significant decline of cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our results suggest a critical role of TGFBI in UC tumorigenesis and particularly in high-risk UC patients with poor prognosis and an elevated risk of progression on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Lang
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Selcan Kahveci
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Nadine Bonberg
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Katharina Wichert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jan Hovanec
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Florian Roghmann
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany.
| | - Joachim Noldus
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany.
| | - Yu Chun Tam
- Institute of Pathology, Georgius Agricola Stiftung Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Georgius Agricola Stiftung Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Heiko U Käfferlein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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9
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Lin T, Zhang X, Lu Y, Gong L. TGFBIp mediates lymphatic sprouting in corneal lymphangiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7602-7616. [PMID: 31456353 PMCID: PMC6815832 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in diverse pathological conditions of the eye. Here, we demonstrate that a versatile extracellular matrix protein, transforming growth factor-β induced protein (TGFBIp), promotes lymphatic sprouting in corneal lymphangiogenesis. TGFBIp is highly up-regulated in inflamed mouse corneas. Immunolocalization of TGFBIp is detected in infiltrating macrophages in inflamed mouse corneas. Subconjunctival injection of liposomal clodronate can significantly reduce macrophage infiltration in inflamed mouse cornea, and decrease the expression of TGFBIp and areas of corneal lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis after corneal suture placement. In brief, these results indicate that the up-regulation of TGFBIp in sutured cornea correlates with macrophage infiltration. Although TGFBIp alone cannot significantly stimulate corneal lymph vessel ingrowth in vivo, it can enhance the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in promoting corneal lymphangiogenesis. The in vitro results show that TGFBIp promotes migration, tube formation and adhesion of human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs), but it has no effect on HLECs' proliferation. We also find that the in vitro effect of TGFBIp is mediated by the integrin α5β1-FAK pathway. Additionally, integrin α5β1 blockade can significantly inhibit lymphatic sprouting induced by TGFBIp. Taken together, these findings reveal a new molecular mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in which the TGFBIp-integrin pathways plays a pivotal role in lymphatic sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Kheir V, Cortés-González V, Zenteno JC, Schorderet DF. Mutation update: TGFBI pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in corneal dystrophies. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:675-693. [PMID: 30830990 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human transforming growth factor β-induced (TGFBI), is a gene responsible for various corneal dystrophies. TGFBI produces a protein called TGFBI, which is involved in cell adhesion and serves as a recognition sequence for integrins. An alteration in cell surface interactions could be the underlying cause for the progressive accumulation of extracellular deposits in different layers of the cornea with the resulting changes of refractive index and transparency. To this date, 69 different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in TGFBI have been identified in a heterozygous or homozygous state in various corneal dystrophies, including a novel variant reported here. All disease-associated variants were inherited as autosomal-dominant traits but one; this latter was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Most corneal dystrophy-associated variants are located at amino acids Arg124 and Arg555. To keep the list of corneal dystrophy-associated variant current, we generated a locus-specific database for TGFBI (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared/variants/TGFBI) containing all pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants reported so far. Non-disease-associated variants are described in specific databases, like gnomAD and ExAC but are not listed here. This article presents the most recent up-to-date list of disease-associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kheir
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Sion, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vianney Cortés-González
- Department of Genetics, Hospital "Dr. Luis Sanchez Bulnes", Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel F Schorderet
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Sion, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Sato T, Muramatsu T, Tanabe M, Inazawa J. Identification and characterization of transforming growth factor beta-induced in circulating tumor cell subline from pancreatic cancer cell line. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3623-3633. [PMID: 30156359 PMCID: PMC6215881 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis to liver, lung, brain, or bone occurs by circulating tumor cells (CTC). We hypothesized that a subset of CTC had features that are more malignant than tumor cells at the primary site. We established a highly malignant cell line, Panc-1-CTC, derived from the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 using an in vivo selection method. Panc-1-CTC cells showed greater migratory and invasive abilities than its parent cell line in vitro. In addition, Panc-1-CTC cells had a higher tumor-forming ability than parent cells in vivo. To examine whether a difference in malignant phenotypes exists between Panc-1-CTC cells and parent cells, we carried out comprehensive gene expression array analysis. As a result, Panc-1-CTC significantly expressed transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI), an extracellular matrix protein, more abundantly than did parent cells. TGFBI is considered to regulate cell adhesion, but its functions remain unclear. In the present study, knockdown of TGFBI reduced cell migration and invasion abilities, whereas overexpression of TGFBI increased both abilities. Moreover, elevated expression of TGFBI was associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Sato
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Yokobori T, Nishiyama M. TGF-β Signaling in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Progress in Basic and Clinical Research. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010011. [PMID: 28106769 PMCID: PMC5294964 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily proteins have many important biological functions, including regulation of tissue differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration in both normal and cancer cells. Many studies have reported that TGF-β signaling is associated with disease progression and therapeutic resistance in several cancers. Similarly, TGF-β-induced protein (TGFBI)—a downstream component of the TGF-β signaling pathway—has been shown to promote and/or inhibit cancer. Here, we review the state of basic and clinical research on the roles of TGF-β and TGFBI in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokobori
- Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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13
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Subbotin VM. Excessive intimal hyperplasia in human coronary arteries before intimal lipid depositions is the initiation of coronary atherosclerosis and constitutes a therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1578-1595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Jarray R, Pavoni S, Borriello L, Allain B, Lopez N, Bianco S, Liu WQ, Biard D, Demange L, Hermine O, Garbay C, Raynaud F, Lepelletier Y. Disruption of phactr-1 pathway triggers pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic factors: New insights in atherosclerosis development. Biochimie 2015; 118:151-61. [PMID: 26362351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significant interest has recently emerged for phosphatase and actin regulatory protein (PHACTR1) gene in heart diseases prognosis. However, the functional role of phactr-1 protein remains elusive in heart related-diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, ischaemic stroke, coronary artery stenosis and early-onset myocardial infarction. Phactr-1 is directly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (VEGF-A165) through VEGF receptor 1 (VEGR-1) and Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). Using an antagonist peptide approach to inhibit the interaction of VEGF-A165 to NRP-1 and VEGF-R1, we highlighted the importance of both cysteine residues located at the end of VEGF-A165 exon-7 and at the exon-8 to generate functional peptides, which decreased Phactr-1 expression. Here, we report original data showing Phactr-1 down-expression induces the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) regulators such as Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1/-2) and Reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK). Furthermore, focal adhesion kinases (FAK/PYK2/PAXILLIN) and metabolic stress (AMPK/CREB/eNOS) pathways were inhibited in endothelial cells. Moreover, the decrease of phactr-1 expression induced several factors implicated in atherosclerotic events such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptors (CD36, Clusterin, Cadherin-13), pro-inflammatory proteins including Thrombin, Thrombin receptor 1 (PAR-1), A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain-9/-17 (ADAM-9/-17), Trombospondin-2 and Galectin-3. Besides, Phactr-1 down-expression also induces emerging atherosclerosis biomarkers such as semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and TGF-beta-inducible gene h3 (βIG-H3). In this report, we show for the first time the direct evidence of the phactr-1 biological function in the regulation of pro-atherosclerotic molecules. This intriguing result strengthened heart diseases PHACTR-1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) correlation. Taken together, our result highlighted the pivotal role of phactr-1 protein in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafika Jarray
- Sup'Biotech, 66 Rue Guy Môquet, 94800 Villejuif, France; CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Serena Pavoni
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Barbara Allain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | | | - Sara Bianco
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Wang-Qing Liu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Denis Biard
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Demange
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France; Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272 CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Normal Hematopoiesis and Hematological Disorders, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christiane Garbay
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Françoise Raynaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
| | - Yves Lepelletier
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Normal Hematopoiesis and Hematological Disorders, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France.
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15
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Biochemical properties and aggregation propensity of transforming growth factor-induced protein (TGFBIp) and the amyloid forming mutants. Ocul Surf 2014; 13:9-25. [PMID: 25557343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TGFBI-associated corneal dystrophies are characterized by accumulation of insoluble deposits of the mutant protein transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) in the cornea. Depending on the nature of mutation, the lesions appear as granular (non-amyloid) or lattice lines (amyloid) in the Bowman's layer or in the stroma. This review article emphasizes the structural biology aspects of TGFBIp. We discuss the tinctorial properties and ultrastructure of deposits observed in granular and lattice corneal dystrophic mutants with amyloid and non-amyloid forms of other human protein deposition diseases and review the biochemical and putative functional role of the protein. Using bioinformatics tools, we identify intrinsic aggregation propensity and discuss the possible protective role of gatekeepers close to the "aggregation-prone" regions of native TGFBIp. We describe the relative aggregation rates of lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) and granular corneal dystrophy (GCD2) mutants using the three-parameter model, which is based on intrinsic properties of polypeptide chains. The predictive power of this model is compared with two other algorithms. We conclude that the model is able to predict the aggregation rate of mutants which do not alter overall net charge of the protein. The need to understand the mechanism of corneal dystrophies from the structural biology viewpoint is emphasized.
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16
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Transforming growth Factor-Beta-Induced Protein (TGFBI)/(βig-H3): a matrix protein with dual functions in ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10461-10477. [PMID: 22949874 PMCID: PMC3431872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI, also known as βig-H3 and keratoepithelin) is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions including diabetes, corneal dystrophy and tumorigenesis. Many reports indicate that βig-H3 functions as a tumor suppressor. Loss of βig-H3 expression has been described in several cancers including ovarian cancer and promoter hypermethylation has been identified as an important mechanism for the silencing of the TGFBI gene. Our recent findings that βig-H3 is down-regulated in ovarian cancer and that high concentrations of βig-H3 can induce ovarian cancer cell death support a tumor suppressor role. However, there is also convincing data in the literature reporting a tumor-promoting role for βig-H3. We have shown βig-H3 to be abundantly expressed by peritoneal cells and increase the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells by promoting cell motility, invasion, and adhesion to peritoneal cells. Our findings suggest that βig-H3 has dual functions and can act both as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the current understanding of βig-H3 function in cancer cells with particular focus on ovarian cancer.
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17
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Lu Y, Boer JMA, Barsova RM, Favorova O, Goel A, Müller M, Feskens EJM. TGFB1 genetic polymorphisms and coronary heart disease risk: a meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:39. [PMID: 22607024 PMCID: PMC3497590 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variations in TGFB1 gene have been studied in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but the results were inconsistent. METHODS We performed a systematic review of published studies on the potential role of TGFB1 genetic variation in CHD risk. Articles that reported the association of TGFB1 genetic variants with CHD as primary outcome were searched via Medline and HuGE Navigator through July 2011. The reference lists from included articles were also reviewed. RESULTS Data were available from 4 studies involving 1777 cases and 7172 controls for rs1800468, 7 studies involving 5935 cases and 10677 controls for rs1800469, 7 studies involving 6634 cases and 9620 controls for rs1982073, 5 studies involving 5452 cases and 9999 controls for rs1800471, and 4 studies involving 5143 cases and 4229 controls for rs1800472. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for CHD among minor T allele carriers of rs1800469, minor C allele carriers of rs1982073, and minor C allele carriers of rs1800471 versus homozygous major allele carriers was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.24), 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04-1.35), and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.32), respectively. No substantial heterogeneity for ORs was detected among the included Caucasian populations for all SNPs. However, for rs1800471, the statistical significance disappeared after adjusting for potential publication bias. No significant association was found between rs1800468 and rs1800472 variants and CHD risk. CONCLUSION Minor allele carriers of two genetic variants (rs1800469 and rs1982073) in TGFB1 have a 15% increased risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Lu
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Center, PO Box 8129, 6700, EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Subbotin VM. Neovascularization of coronary tunica intima (DIT) is the cause of coronary atherosclerosis. Lipoproteins invade coronary intima via neovascularization from adventitial vasa vasorum, but not from the arterial lumen: a hypothesis. Theor Biol Med Model 2012; 9:11. [PMID: 22490844 PMCID: PMC3492120 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accepted hypothesis states that coronary atherosclerosis (CA) is initiated by endothelial dysfunction due to inflammation and high levels of LDL-C, followed by deposition of lipids and macrophages from the luminal blood into the arterial intima, resulting in plaque formation. The success of statins in preventing CA promised much for extended protection and effective therapeutics. However, stalled progress in pharmaceutical treatment gives a good reason to review logical properties of the hypothesis underlining our efforts, and to reconsider whether our perception of CA is consistent with facts about the normal and diseased coronary artery. ANALYSIS To begin with, it must be noted that the normal coronary intima is not a single-layer endothelium covering a thin acellular compartment, as claimed in most publications, but always appears as a multi-layer cellular compartment, or diffuse intimal thickening (DIT), in which cells are arranged in many layers. If low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) invades the DIT from the coronary lumen, the initial depositions ought to be most proximal to blood, i.e. in the inner DIT. The facts show that the opposite is true, and lipids are initially deposited in the outer DIT. This contradiction is resolved by observing that the normal DIT is always avascular, receiving nutrients by diffusion from the lumen, whereas in CA the outer DIT is always neovascularized from adventitial vasa vasorum. The proteoglycan biglycan, confined to the outer DIT in both normal and diseased coronary arteries, has high binding capacity for LDL-C. However, the normal DIT is avascular and biglycan-LDL-C interactions are prevented by diffusion distance and LDL-C size (20 nm), whereas in CA, biglycan in the outer DIT can extract lipoproteins by direct contact with the blood. These facts lead to the single simplest explanation of all observations: (1) lipid deposition is initially localized in the outer DIT; (2) CA often develops at high blood LDL-C levels; (3) apparent CA can develop at lowered blood LDL-C levels. This mechanism is not unique to the coronary artery: for instance, the normally avascular cornea accumulates lipoproteins after neovascularization, resulting in lipid keratopathy. HYPOTHESIS Neovascularization of the normally avascular coronary DIT by permeable vasculature from the adventitial vasa vasorum is the cause of LDL deposition and CA. DIT enlargement, seen in early CA and aging, causes hypoxia of the outer DIT and induces neovascularization. According to this alternative proposal, coronary atherosclerosis is not related to inflammation and can occur in individuals with normal circulating levels of LDL, consistent with research findings.
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Lee JJ, Park K, Shin MH, Yang WJ, Song MJ, Park JH, Yong TS, Kim EK, Kim HP. Accessible chromatin structure permits factors Sp1 and Sp3 to regulate human TGFBI gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:222-8. [PMID: 21554857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1-induced (TGFBI) protein is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that is associated with other ECM proteins and functions as a ligand for various types of integrins. In this study, we investigated how human TGFBI expression is regulated in lung and breast cancer cells. We observed that the TGFBI promoter in A549 and MBA-MD-231 cells, which constitutively express TGFBI, existed in an open chromatin conformation associated with transcriptionally permissive histone modifications. Moreover, we found that TGFBI expression required Sp1 transcription elements that can bind transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 in vitro. Occupancy of the TGFBI promoter by Sp1 and Sp3 in vivo was only observed in TGFBI-expressing cells, indicating that open chromatin conformation might facilitate the binding of Sp1 and Sp3 to the TGFBI promoter region. TGFBI promoter activity was impaired when Sp1 elements were mutated, but was increased when Sp1 or Sp3 factors was overexpressed. Furthermore, Sp1 inhibition in vivo by mithramycin A, as well as knockdown of Sp1 and/or Sp3 expression by short interfering RNA, significantly reduced TGFBI mRNA and protein levels. Thus, our data demonstrated that the expression of TGFBI is well correlated with chromatin conformation at the TGFBI promoter, and that factors Sp1 and Sp3 are the primary determinants for the control of constitutive expression of TGFBI gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Joo Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Kim EJ, Suk K, Kim IS, Lee WH. TL1A induces the expression of TGF-β-inducible gene h3 (βig-h3) through PKC, PI3K, and ERK in THP-1 cells. Cell Immunol 2010; 266:61-6. [PMID: 20863486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
βig-h3, an extracellular matrix protein involved in various biological processes including cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis, has been shown to be elevated in various inflammatory processes. Death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily that is expressed on T cells and macrophages, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes through interaction with its cognate ligand, TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A). In order to find out whether the TL1A-induced inflammatory activation of macrophages is associated with the up-regulation of βig-h3 expression, the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) was stimulated with either recombinant human TL1A- or DR3-specific monoclonal antibodies. Stimulation of DR3 up-regulated the intracellular levels as well as the secretion of βig-h3. Utilization of various inhibitors and Western blot analysis revealed that activation of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is required for TL1A-induced βig-h3 expression. PKC appears to be the upstream regulator of PI3K since the presence of PKC inhibitor blocked the phosphorylation of AKT without affecting ERK phosphorylation. On the other hand, suppression of either PI3K or ERK activity resulted in the suppression of IκB phosphorylation. These findings indicate that TL1A can regulate the inflammatory processes through modulation of the βig-h3 expression through two separate pathways, one through PKC and PI3K and the other through ERK, which culminates at NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Lee
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp/beta ig-h3) activates platelets and promotes thrombogenesis. Blood 2010; 114:5206-15. [PMID: 19738031 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-212415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp)/beta ig-h3 is a 68-kDa extracellular matrix protein that is functionally associated with the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of various cells. The presence of TGFBIp in platelets led us to study the role of this protein in the regulation of platelet functions. Upon activation, platelet TGFBIp was released and associated with the platelets. TGFBIp mediates not only the adhesion and spread of platelets but also activates them, resulting in phosphatidylserine exposure, alpha-granule secretion, and increased integrin affinity. The fasciclin 1 domains of TGFBIp are mainly responsible for the activation of platelets. TGFBIp promotes thrombus formation on type I fibrillar collagen under flow conditions in vitro and induces pulmonary embolism in mice. Moreover, transgenic mice, which have approximately a 1.7-fold greater blood TGFBIp concentration, are significantly more susceptible to collagen- and epinephrine-induced pulmonary embolism than wild-type mice. These results suggest that TGFBIp, a human platelet protein, plays important roles in platelet activation and thrombus formation. Our findings will increase our understanding of the novel mechanism of platelet activation, contributing to a better understanding of thrombotic pathways and the development of new antithrombotic therapies.
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Abstract
Cyclosporine (CsA) has improved patient and graft survival rates following solid-organ transplantation and has shown significant clinical benefits in the management of autoimmune diseases. However, the clinical use of CsA is often limited by acute or chronic nephropathy, which remains a major problem. Acute nephropathy depends on the dosage of CsA and appears to be caused by a reduction in renal blood flow related to afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. However, the mechanisms underlying chronic CsA nephropathy are not completely understood. Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS), increased release of endothelin-1, dysregulation of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase, up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), inappropriate apoptosis, stimulation of inflammatory mediators, enhanced innate immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic CsA nephropathy. Reducing the CsA dosage or using other renoprotective drugs (angiotensin II receptor antagonist, mycophenolate mofetil, and statins, etc.) may ameliorate chronic CsA-induced renal injury. This review discusses old and new concepts in CsA nephropathy and preventive strategies for this clinical dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Transplantation research center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Transplantation research center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Beyer C, Schett G, Gay S, Distler O, Distler JHW. Hypoxia. Hypoxia in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:220. [PMID: 19473554 PMCID: PMC2688169 DOI: 10.1186/ar2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity, microangiopathy and tissue fibrosis are hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Vascular alterations and reduced capillary density decrease blood flow and impair tissue oxygenation in SSc. Oxygen supply is further reduced by accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which increases diffusion distances from blood vessels to cells. Therefore, severe hypoxia is a characteristic feature of SSc and might contribute directly to the progression of the disease. Hypoxia stimulates the production of ECM proteins by SSc fibroblasts in a transforming growth factor-β-dependent manner. The induction of ECM proteins by hypoxia is mediated via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent and -independent pathways. Hypoxia may also aggravate vascular disease in SSc by perturbing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signalling. Hypoxia is a potent inducer of VEGF and may cause chronic VEGF over-expression in SSc. Uncontrolled over-expression of VEGF has been shown to have deleterious effects on angiogenesis because it leads to the formation of chaotic vessels with decreased blood flow. Altogether, hypoxia might play a central role in pathogenesis of SSc by augmenting vascular disease and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Ma C, Rong Y, Radiloff DR, Datto MB, Centeno B, Bao S, Cheng AWM, Lin F, Jiang S, Yeatman TJ, Wang XF. Extracellular matrix protein betaig-h3/TGFBI promotes metastasis of colon cancer by enhancing cell extravasation. Genes Dev 2008; 22:308-21. [PMID: 18245446 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1632008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis, the major cause of cancer death, is a multistep process that requires interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells and between cancer cells and extracellular matrix. Molecular alterations of the extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment have a considerable impact on the metastatic process during tumorigenesis. Here we report that elevated expression of betaig-h3/TGFBI (transforming growth factor, beta-induced), an extracellular matrix protein secreted by colon cancer cells, is associated with high-grade human colon cancers. Ectopic expression of the betaig-h3 protein enhanced the aggressiveness and altered the metastatic properties of colon cancer cells in vivo. Inhibition of betaig-h3 expression dramatically reduced metastasis. Mechanistically, betaig-h3 appears to promote extravasation, a critical step in the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells, by inducing the dissociation of VE-cadherin junctions between endothelial cells via activation of the integrin alphavbeta5-Src signaling pathway. Thus, cancers associated with overexpression of betaig-h3 may have an increased metastatic potential, leading to poor prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Distler JHW, Jüngel A, Pileckyte M, Zwerina J, Michel BA, Gay RE, Kowal-Bielecka O, Matucci-Cerinic M, Schett G, Marti HH, Gay S, Distler O. Hypoxia-induced increase in the production of extracellular matrix proteins in systemic sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 56:4203-15. [PMID: 18050252 DOI: 10.1002/art.23074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insufficient angiogenesis with tissue ischemia and accumulation of extracellular matrix are hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Based on the severely decreased oxygen levels in the skin of patients with SSc, we aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of SSc. METHODS Subtractive hybridization was used to compare gene expression in dermal fibroblasts under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Dermal fibroblasts were further characterized by exposure to different concentrations of oxygen and for different time periods as well as by interference with hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha). The systemic normobaric hypoxia model in mice was used for in vivo analyses. RESULTS Several extracellular matrix proteins and genes involved in extracellular matrix turnover, such as thrombospondin 1, proalpha2(I) collagen, fibronectin 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and transforming growth factor beta-induced protein, were induced by hypoxia in SSc and healthy dermal fibroblasts. The induction of these genes was time- and dose-dependent. Experiments with HIF-1alpha-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, deferoxamine/cobalt ions as chemical stabilizers of HIF-1alpha, and HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA consistently showed that extracellular matrix genes are induced in dermal fibroblasts by HIF-1alpha-dependent, as well as HIF-1alpha-independent, mechanisms. Using the systemic normobaric hypoxia mouse model, we demonstrated that dermal hypoxia leads to the induction of the identified extracellular matrix genes in vivo after both short exposure and prolonged exposure to hypoxia. CONCLUSION These data show that hypoxia contributes directly to the progression of fibrosis in patients with SSc by increasing the release of major extracellular matrix proteins. Targeting of hypoxia pathways might therefore be of therapeutic value in patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg H W Distler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kim HJ, Kim IS. Transforming growth factor-beta-induced gene product, as a novel ligand of integrin alphaMbeta2, promotes monocytes adhesion, migration and chemotaxis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:991-1004. [PMID: 18083624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment from the blood in response to chemoattractant gradients is a key phenomenon in inflammation. Various extracellular matrix proteins, at the site of inflammation, have chemoattractant activity and mediate monocyte adhesion and migration as ligands of integrins. In this report, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta-induced gene product (betaig-h3/TGFBIp), as an extracellular matrix protein, mediates monocytes adhesion under both static and flow conditions mainly through integrin alphaMbeta2. Fasciclin 1 domains of betaig-h3/TGFBIp are responsible for the interaction with integrin alphaMbeta2, not only enhances monocyte migration in both chemotactic and haptotactic manners but also mediates their transendothelial migration and subendothelial matrix invasion. These activities are also mediated through integrin alphaMbeta2. Intraperitoneal injection of betaig-h3/TGFBIp promotes the recruitment of monocytes but not neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that betaig-h3/TGFBIp produced at inflammatory sites is a novel chemoattractant for monocytes and interacts with integrin alphaMbeta2 to serve as a substrate for their migration, suggesting that betaig-h3/TGFBIp plays an important role in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 101 Dongin-dong Jung-gu, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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Subbotin VM. Analysis of arterial intimal hyperplasia: review and hypothesis. Theor Biol Med Model 2007; 4:41. [PMID: 17974015 PMCID: PMC2169223 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-4-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a prodigious investment of funds, we cannot treat or prevent arteriosclerosis and restenosis, particularly its major pathology, arterial intimal hyperplasia. A cornerstone question lies behind all approaches to the disease: what causes the pathology? HYPOTHESIS I argue that the question itself is misplaced because it implies that intimal hyperplasia is a novel pathological phenomenon caused by new mechanisms. A simple inquiry into arterial morphology shows the opposite is true. The normal multi-layer cellular organization of the tunica intima is identical to that of diseased hyperplasia; it is the standard arterial system design in all placentals at least as large as rabbits, including humans. Formed initially as one-layer endothelium lining, this phenotype can either be maintained or differentiate into a normal multi-layer cellular lining, so striking in its resemblance to diseased hyperplasia that we have to name it "benign intimal hyperplasia". However, normal or "benign" intimal hyperplasia, although microscopically identical to pathology, is a controllable phenotype that rarely compromises blood supply. It is remarkable that each human heart has coronary arteries in which a single-layer endothelium differentiates early in life to form a multi-layer intimal hyperplasia and then continues to self-renew in a controlled manner throughout life, relatively rarely compromising the blood supply to the heart, causing complications requiring intervention only in a small fraction of the population, while all humans are carriers of benign hyperplasia. Unfortunately, this fundamental fact has not been widely appreciated in arteriosclerosis research and medical education, which continue to operate on the assumption that the normal arterial intima is always an "ideal" single-layer endothelium. As a result, the disease is perceived and studied as a new pathological event caused by new mechanisms. The discovery that normal coronary arteries are morphologically indistinguishable from deadly coronary arteriosclerosis continues to elicit surprise. CONCLUSION Two questions should inform the priorities of our research: (1) what controls switch the single cell-layer intimal phenotype into normal hyperplasia? (2) how is normal (benign) hyperplasia maintained? We would be hard-pressed to gain practical insights without scrutinizing our premises.
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Cherqui S, Kingdon KM, Thorpe C, Kurian SM, Salomon DR. Lentiviral Gene Delivery of vMIP-II to Transplanted Endothelial Cells and Endothelial Progenitors Is Proangiogenic In Vivo. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1264-72. [PMID: 17505479 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies that stimulate angiogenesis show promise in revascularization of transplanted or ischemic tissues. Viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II (vMIP-II) is encoded by human herpesvirus 8, and it can be both immunosuppressive and proangiogenic. However, little has been done to characterize the potential of vMIP-II-induced angiogenesis. We engineered a vMIP-II lentiviral gene vector, transduced both mature endothelial cells and progenitors, and transplanted these in Matrigel templates as an in vivo angiogenesis model. Our results show that vMIP-II promotes new, functional, branching, and segmented vessels associated with smooth muscle cells and connected with the host vasculature. Angiogenesis is enhanced through host cells as well as through transplanted vMIP-expressing endothelial cells. As a proof-of-concept for using vMIP-II in clinical applications, we showed that islets co-transplanted with endothelial cells expressing vMIP-II were revascularized and survived in Matrigel templates, whereas no islets survived under control conditions. vMIP-II up-regulates the expression of multiple proangiogenic factors that can have a synergistic effect. These include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), kinase insert domain receptor, neuropilin 2, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-1alpha, fibronectin, and integrins alpha3, alpha4, and alpha5. These results provide the first demonstration that vMIP-II is proangiogenic in vivo and can deliver this function to endothelial progenitors as well as to mature endothelial cells through vector-mediated gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cherqui
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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Choi BS, Yang HJ, Ahn KO, Lim SW, Kim SH, Kim JY, Li C, Kim YS, Kim J, Bang BK, Yang CW. Renoprotective Effects of Rosiglitazone in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2007; 30:212-23. [PMID: 17587863 DOI: 10.1159/000104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Rosiglitazone (RGTZ) has a protective effect against various types of injury. We evaluated the effects of RGTZ on renal injury in a stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) model. METHODS Male SHRSP rats were observed with or without RGTZ treatment for 10 weeks. Age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as controls. The effect of RGTZ on hypertensive nephropathy was evaluated by assessing renal function, pathology, pro-inflammatory cytokine (osteopontin), profibrotic cytokine (betaig-h3), apoptotic cell death (TUNEL staining and caspase 3 expression), marker of oxidative stress (8-OHdG) and endothelial damage (eNOS). RESULTS RGTZ treatment improved renal function and histopathology compared with SHRSP rats without treatment (p < 0.05). Osteopontin and betaig-h3 were significantly increased in SHRSP rat kidneys, but RGTZ treatment decreased both mediators. Apoptotic cell death was increased in renal tubular cells in the injured area in SHRSP rat kidneys, but RGTZ treatment decreased apoptotic cell death and caspase 3 expression. Increased urinary 8-OHdG excretion and decreased eNOS in SHRSP rats was reversed with RGTZ treatment. CONCLUSIONS RGTZ protects hypertensive nephropathy in SHRSP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Soon Choi
- Cell Death Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Darsaut T, Salazkin I, Ogoudikpe C, Gevry G, Bouzeghrane F, Raymond J. Effects of stenting the parent artery on aneurysm filling and gene expression of various potential factors involved in healing of experimental aneurysms. Interv Neuroradiol 2007; 12:289-302. [PMID: 20569585 DOI: 10.1177/159101990601200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Intracranial stents are increasingly used in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms, but very little is known regarding their effect on the cellular and molecular evolution of aneurysms. Bilateral venous pouch lateral wall carotid aneurysms were created in 20 dogs. All dogs then underwent angiography and balloon-expandable stenting of one aneurysm four to six weeks later. Fifteen dogs underwent aneurysm harvesting at one day (n=3), four days (n=4), seven days (n=3), and 14 days (n=5) for mRNA expression analysis, using axial sections taken from the aneurysm neck and fundus for RTPCR amplification of four cytokines or growth factors: TNF-a, TGF-b1, MCP-1, and PDGFBB; two adhesion molecules: VCAM-1 and PECAM-1; five matrix modifying agents; MMP- 2, 9, TIMPs 1, 3, 4, and two cellular markers: CD34 and a-SMA. Five other dogs, sacrificed at 12 weeks, were examined for extent of filling of the aneurysm neck with organized tissue and for neointima formation at the aneurysm ostium. Angiography was performed prior to sacrifice in all animals, and compared with initial studies. Eleven out of 20 stented aneurysms showed a favorable angiographic evolution, while none of the 20 nonstented aneurysms improved (p=0.001). Pathology showed partially occluded aneurysms, with neointima formation around the stent struts.Observed trends in mRNA expression, that stenting increased expression of genes involved in organization and neointima formation, agreed with experimental hypotheses, but differences between stented and non-stented aneurysms did not reach statistical significance. Parent vessel stenting was associated with angiographic improvement of aneurysm appearance. Modifications in mRNA expression patterns following stenting deserve further study to better establish potential molecular targets to promote aneurysm healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Darsaut
- Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada - Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada -
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Kim CD, Cho YJ, Park SH, Ha SW, Lee EG, Kim YJ, Kwon TH, Kim IS, Kim YL. Urinary Transforming Growth Factor-β–Induced Gene-h3 (βig-h3) as a Sensitive Predictor in Chronic Cyclosporine Nephrotoxicity. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:1314-9. [PMID: 16797290 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity (CyAN). Since the expression of TGF-beta induced gene h3 (betaig-h3) is up-regulated by TGF-beta, we evaluated the potential role of betaig-h3 as a sensitive urinary marker to monitor the progression/regression of chronic CyAN. Urinary betaig-h3 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in nine patients with chronic CyAN and 13 patients with stable graft function. We scored the extent of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and using immunoperoxidase labeling, determined betaig-h3 expression in renal tissues of patients with chronic CyAN. Urinary betaig-h3 excretion was higher in chronic CyAN compared to control subjects (173.4+/-26.0 vs 62.6+/-5.0 ng/mg creatinine, P<.01). In chronic CyAN, the degree of TIF correlated with increased urinary betaig-h3 levels (r=.785, P<.05). In kidneys with chronic CyAN, betaig-h3 labeling was more prominent at the basement membranes (BM) of the tubules where inflammatory cells had infiltrated the surrounding interstitium. Moreover, the BM of the atrophied tubules and their surrounding interstitium were strongly labeled. Urinary betaig-h3 levels decreased from 173.4+/-26.0 to 64.9+/-14.4 ng/mg creatinine at 1 month after discontinuation of CyA or reduction in CyA dosage (P<.01) despite unchanged serum creatinine levels. Urinary betaig-h3 levels increased in patients with chronic CyAN and decreased after discontinuation or reduction of CyA dosage. Our results suggested that urinary betaig-h3 levels could be used as a sensitive urinary marker to monitor the progression or regression of chronic CyAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-D Kim
- Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Mediicne, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Litvin J, Zhu S, Norris R, Markwald R. Periostin family of proteins: therapeutic targets for heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 287:1205-12. [PMID: 16240445 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Litvin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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Zhu C, Ying D, Zhou D, Mi J, Zhang W, Chang Q, Li L. Expression of TGF-beta1 in smooth muscle cells regulates endothelial progenitor cells migration and differentiation. J Surg Res 2005; 125:151-6. [PMID: 15854667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2004] [Revised: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial angiogenesis in the intima of the arterial wall is one of key events in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms by which transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) and endothelial progenitor cells may be responsible for angiogenesis of arteriosclerosis lesions are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary culture smooth muscle cells were transfected with pMAMneoTGFbeta1. ELISA checked VEGF expression in smooth muscle cells. Human EPCs (CD34+ cells) were cultured in pMAMneoTGFbeta1 or pMAMneo transfected smooth muscle cells conditional medium. After 21 days, differentiated endothelial colonies were confirmed by immunofluorescence for von Willebrand factor (vWF) and vascular-endothelial (VE)-cadherin. The VEGFR-1 expression in differentiated endothelial colonies was detected by ELISA. Cells migration and adhesion toward pMAMneoTGFbeta1 and pMAMneo transfected smooth muscle cells were also measured in parallel flow chamber. RESULTS Abundant TGFbeta1 stable expressed in smooth muscle cells. TGFbeta1 transfected smooth muscle cells expressed significantly higher level VEGF than pMAMneo group. As judged by positive staining for endothelial markers vWF and VE-cadherin, the combination of TGFbeta1 transfected smooth muscle cells conditional medium produced significantly more endothelial colonies (P<0.05) than did pMAMneo group. The adhesion force between endothelial progenitor cells and smooth muscle cells in TGFbeta1 group was higher than control. CONCLUSION TGFbeta1 expressed smooth muscle cells can be helpful for increasing endothelial progenitor cells adhesion and differentiation. It may be responsible for angiogenesis of arteriosclerosis lesions and useful for blood vessel tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Biomechanics Section under the Key Lab for Biomechanics & Tissue Engineering of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Nam JO, Jeong HW, Lee BH, Park RW, Kim IS. Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis by Fastatin, the Fourth FAS1 Domain of βig-h3, via αvβ3 Integrin. Cancer Res 2005; 65:4153-61. [PMID: 15899806 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the FAS1 domains of betaig-h3 bear motifs that mediate endothelial cell adhesion and migration via interactions with alphavbeta3 integrin and regulate angiogenesis. In the present study, we show that the fourth FAS1 domain, designated fastatin, inhibits endothelial adhesion and migration, not only to betaig-h3, but also fibronectin and vitronectin, in a RGD-dependent manner. Fastatin and other FAS1 domains suppress endothelial cell tube formation and in vivo neovascularization in a Matrigel plug assay. The antiangiogenic activity of fastatin is associated with antitumor activity in mouse tumor models. Fastatin additionally induces apoptosis in several cells expressing alphavbeta3 integrin, including endothelial cells. Binding of fastatin to alphavbeta3 integrin inhibits phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, Raf, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin. Fastatin is thus the first endogenous angiogenesis regulator identified that inhibits both endothelial cell migration and growth by binding to alphavbeta3 integrin. Our data suggest that FAS1 domains from all possible forms of the four human FAS1 family proteins are potential endogenous regulators for pathologic angiogenesis. Moreover, FAS1 domains such as fastatin may be developed into drugs for blocking tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ock Nam
- Cell and Matrix Biology National Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Oh JE, Kook JK, Min BM. Beta ig-h3 induces keratinocyte differentiation via modulation of involucrin and transglutaminase expression through the integrin alpha3beta1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:21629-37. [PMID: 15805105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412293200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta ig-h3 is an extracellular matrix protein whose expression is highly induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Whereas beta ig-h3 is known to mediate keratinocyte adhesion and migration, its effects on keratinocyte differentiation remain unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that expression of both beta ig-h3 and TGF-beta1 was enhanced during keratinocyte differentiation and that expression of the former was strongly induced by that of the latter. This study also asked whether changes in beta-h3 expression would affect keratinocyte differentiation. Indeed, down-regulation of beta ig-h3 by transfection with antisense beta ig-h3 cDNA constructs effectively inhibited keratinocyte differentiation by decreasing the promoter activities and thus expression of involucrin and transglutaminase. The result was an approximately 2-fold increase in mitotic capacity of the cells. Conversely, overexpression of beta ig-h3, either by transfection with beta ig-h3 expression plasmids or by exposure to recombinant beta ig-h3, enhanced keratinocyte differentiation by inhibiting cell proliferation and concomitantly increasing involucrin and transglutaminase expression. Recombinant beta ig-h3 also promoted keratinocyte adhesion through interaction with integrin alpha3beta1. Changes in beta ig-h3 expression did not affect intracellular calcium levels. Subsequent analysis revealed not only induction of Akt phosphorylation by recombinant beta ig-h3 but also blockage of Akt phosphorylation by LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Taken together, these findings indicate that enhanced beta ig-h3, induced by enhanced TGF-beta during keratinocyte differentiation, provoked cell differentiation by enhancing involucrin and transglutaminase expression through the integrin alpha3beta1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Lastly, it was observed that beta ig-h3-mediated keratinocyte differentiation was caused by promotion of cell adhesion and not by calcium regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Eun Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive Sciences, Dental Research Institute, and BK21 HLS, Seoul National University College of Dentistry, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Cha DR, Kim IS, Kang YS, Han SY, Han KH, Shin C, Ji YH, Kim NH. Urinary concentration of transforming growth factor-beta-inducible gene-h3(beta ig-h3) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2005; 22:14-20. [PMID: 15606685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The expression of TGF beta-inducible gene h3(beta ig-h3) has been used to assess the biological activity of TGF beta in the kidney. In this study, we investigated whether the urinary concentration of beta ig-h3 is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also evaluated the relationship between the urinary concentration of beta ig-3 and proteinuria and microalbuminuria (AER) in a normal healthy population and in Type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Four hundred and seventy-nine Type 2 diabetic patients without non-diabetic kidney diseases and 528 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The study subjects were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic healthy control group with normal ACR (n = 443), a non-diabetic healthy control group with microalbuminuria (n = 85), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (n = 198), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (n = 155) and an overt proteinuria group (n = 126). Urinary levels of beta ig-h3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS (i) Urinary excretion of beta ig-h3 was significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage (25.02 +/- 8.84 vs. 18.67 +/- 6.56, P = 0.03). In diabetic patients, urinary beta ig-h3 levels increased significantly as diabetic nephropathy advanced (25.02 +/- 8.84 vs. 34.06 +/- 24.55 vs. 169.63 +/- 57.33, P < 0.001). (ii) Proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with urinary beta ig-h3 (healthy control; r = 0.137, P = 0.019, diabetic patients; r = 0.604, P < 0.001). ACR was also found to be significantly related with urinary beta ig-h3 in diabetic patients (r = 0.383, P = 0.006). (iii) In diabetic patients, urinary beta ig-h3 was significantly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: r = 0.436, P = 0.024; diastolic blood pressure, r = 0.365, P = 0.042), total cholesterol and HbA(1c) (cholesterol: r = 0.169, P = 0.03, HbA(1c); r = 0.387, P = 0.044). Logistic regression analyses showed that urinary beta ig-h3 was associated with a significant increase in the risk of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal monitoring of urinary beta ig-h3 may improve the likelihood of detecting diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage and beta ig-h3 could be a sensitive marker of diabetic kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Jones SE, Gilbert RE, Kelly DJ. Tranilast reduces mesenteric vascular collagen deposition and chymase-positive mast cells in experimental diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2004; 18:309-15. [PMID: 15337505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2003] [Revised: 12/18/2003] [Accepted: 02/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mast cell has a central role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis a common feature of diabetic microvascular complications. Increased mast cell numbers have been demonstrated in diabetic nephropathy in association with renal fibrosis, and diabetes acutely increases mast cell infiltration in the mesentery. Antimast cell agents such as tranilast may ameliorate the acute vascular changes in diabetes due to stabilisation of mast cells and/or reduction in mast cell numbers. After 3 weeks of streptozotocin diabetes, light microscopy techniques were used to estimate mesenteric vessel fibrosis and mast cell infiltration. Mast cells were identified by toluidine blue staining and tryptase, chymase and TGF-beta immunohistochemistry in three study groups of rats: control, diabetic and plus tranilast. Diabetes was associated with an increase in both mesenteric vessel fibrosis and mast cell numbers. Administration of tranilast to diabetic rats reduced mesenteric vessel fibrosis and this was associated with a reduction in chymase-positive mast cells. These changes were independent of mast cell TGF-beta and were not associated with a reduction in tryptase-positive mast cells. The amelioration of diabetes-induced vessel fibrosis may be due to a reduction in the liberation of angiotensin II by inhibiting mast cell chymase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Jones
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Hartlepool, Hartlepool, UK
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38
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Veinot JP, Prichett-Pejic W, Picard P, Parks W, Schwartz R, Seidah NG, Chretien M. Implications of proprotein Convertase 5 (PC5) in the arterial restenotic process in a porcine model. Cardiovasc Pathol 2004; 13:241-50. [PMID: 15358338 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Revised: 04/16/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Convertases (PCs), especially PC5, have been detected in various layers of atherosclerotic and injured arteries. We postulate that PCs could be important enzymes in vascular disease thus studied PC5 expression in a porcine balloon and stent coronary arterial vascular injury model. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of slides of porcine arteries from paraffin blocks were studied 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post injury. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry studies show expression of PC5 in control artery endothelial cells, weak medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) staining and strong staining in the small nerves of the adventitia. At 7, 14 and 28 days postinjury, there is strong positive PC5 staining of the neointimal cells and the adventitial vasa vasora and myofibroblasts. Colocalization immunohistochemistry confirms the smooth muscle staining properties of the myofibroblast-like cells in both these locations. Single-label immunohistochemistry studies show the same cells to stain strongly positive with TGF-B, PDGF, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. CONCLUSION PC5 may be involved in the process of arterial injury via its effect on growth factors (GFs) and mediators. These preliminary observations suggest that the convertases, especially PC5, represent a target for future study in the process of arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Veinot
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9.
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Sun BK, Li C, Lim SW, Jung JY, Lee SH, Kim IS, Kim YS, Kim J, Bang BK, Yang CW. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta-inducible gene-h3 in normal and cyclosporine-treated rat kidney. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 143:175-83. [PMID: 15007308 DOI: 10.1016/j.lab.2003.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is known to play an important role in the tubulointerstitial injury of chronic cyclosporin A (CsA) nephropathy, but the expression of the TGF-beta-inducible gene-h3 (betaig-h3) is undetermined. In this study we examined betaig-h3 expression and its relationship to tubulointerstitial injury in a rat model of chronic CsA nephropathy. Sprague-Dawley rats kept on a low-salt diet (0.05% sodium) were treated daily for 4 weeks with subcutaneous injections of vehicle (olive oil, 1 mL/kg) or CsA (15 mg/kg). The expression of betaig-h3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein was evaluated with the use of in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical methods, and immunoblotting. We also compared renal function, histologic findings (tubulointerstitial fibrosis), and expression of TGF-beta1 among treatment groups. In vehicle-treated kidney, betaig-h3 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed in the outer medulla and cortex, which was confined to the terminal portion of afferent arterioles, the S3 segment of the proximal tubules, and distal convoluted tubules. CsA treatment significantly up-regulated betaig-h3 expression in the interstitium, especially in expanded and fibrotic areas. Quantitative analysis revealed that CsA induced a significant (twofold) increase in betaig-h3 mRNA and protein, and this increase was correlated with up-regulation of TGF-beta1 expression (r =.943, P <.001) and the tubulointerstitial fibrosis score (r =.746, P =.05). Our observations indicate that an increase in betaig-h3 expression, along with TGF-beta1 up-regulation, is closely associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat model of chronic CsA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Death Disease Research Center, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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40
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Ferguson JW, Mikesh MF, Wheeler EF, LeBaron RG. Developmental expression patterns of Beta-ig (betaIG-H3) and its function as a cell adhesion protein. Mech Dev 2003; 120:851-64. [PMID: 12963107 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta-ig is a secretory protein embodied by fasciclin I-like repeats containing sequences that might bind integrins and glycosaminoglycans in vivo. Expression of Beta-ig is responsive to Transforming Growth Factor-beta and the protein is found to be associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, implicating Beta-ig as an ECM adhesive protein of developmental processes. The spatiotemporal distribution of Beta-ig during various stages of murine development was examined and its ability to support adhesion of various cell types assessed. In situ hybridization of mouse embryos (E12.5-E18.5) indicated a prominent, distinct expression pattern for Beta-ig message in connective tissue. Beta-ig transcripts were abundantly expressed during mesenchymal cell condensation in areas of axial, craniofacial and appendicular primordial cartilage from E12.5-E14.5. Beginning at E15.5, Beta-ig transcripts appeared in collagen-rich tissues, including dura mater and corneal stroma. During E16.5-E18.5, Beta-ig transcripts were observed in proliferating chondrocytes and areas of endochondral ossification in joint and articular cartilage formation. Connective tissues expressed Beta-ig transcripts within the nasal septum and surrounding cartilage primordia, and in the pericardium, optic cup, kidney, ovary, esophagus, diaphragm, bronchi, trachea and corneal epithelium, and during cardiac valve formation. These patterns of expression indicate that Beta-ig may be involved in tissue morphogenesis. Cells derived from mesenchyme attached onto a substratum comprised of purified recombinant Beta-ig. Taken together, the results indicate that Beta-ig is expressed principally in collagen-rich tissues where it may interact with cells and ECM molecules, perhaps playing a role in tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill W Ferguson
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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41
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Davis BJ, Johnston CI, Burrell LM, Burns WC, Kubota E, Cao Z, Cooper ME, Allen TJ. Renoprotective effects of vasopeptidase inhibition in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 2003; 46:961-71. [PMID: 12838387 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2002] [Revised: 12/19/2002] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although ACE inhibitors slow progression of diabetic renal disease, the mortality and morbidity is still high. As other hormonal factors are involved, inhibition of vasopeptidases could further reduce progression. We studied dual inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase in a model of progressive diabetic renal injury. The major endpoints were reductions in systemic blood pressure, albuminuria and renal structural injury. METHODS Diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with the ACE inhibitor perindopril (mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) or the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat at doses of 10 (oma10) and 40 (oma40) mg.kg(-1).day(-1) for 32 weeks. In vivo ACE and NEP inhibition was quantitated by in vitro autoradiography. Renal structural injury was assessed by measurement of the glomerulosclerotic (GS) index and tubulointerstitial area (TI). The expression of transforming growth factor beta, beta-inducible gene-h3 and nephrin were also quantitated. RESULTS Despite a similar reduction in blood pressure by perindopril and oma10, greater attenuation of albuminuria was afforded by oma10, with a complete amelioration observed with oma40. Oma40 lead to a 33% reduction in renal NEP binding and this was associated with less albuminuria and prevention of GS, TI area and overexpression of TGFbeta and betaig-h3. Diabetes-associated reduction in nephrin expression was restored by both drugs. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that other vasoactive mechanisms in addition to angiotensin II are important in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy, and that vasopeptidase inhibition might confer an advantage over blockade of the RAS alone in the treatment of diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Davis
- Diabetic Complications Group, Baker Heart Research Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, 8008 Victoria, Australia
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42
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Chen YX, O'Brien ER. Ethyl isopropyl amiloride inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by inducing apoptosis and antagonizing urokinase plasminogen activator activity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81:730-9. [PMID: 12897821 DOI: 10.1139/y03-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amiloride inhibits activation of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger (NHE), a critical step in smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth. While amiloride treatment reduces SMC proliferation and migration, as well as experimental lesion formation, these effects are not exclusively due to NHE inhibition and remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms involved in amiloride-induced attenuation of SMC proliferation and migration, looking specifically at the potential role of apoptosis and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) activity in these processes. Rabbit SMCs in tissue culture were exposed to 10-80 microM of the amiloride analogue ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Compared with controls, EIPA reduced DNA synthesis, cell number, and mitochondrial respiration, but without toxic effects on quiescent or proliferating cells. In a Boyden chamber assay, EIPA reduced uPA-induced SMC migration. Moreover, in a SMC scratch assay EIPA treatment resulted in a 66% reduction in the number of repopulating cells, a 92% decrease in the number of proliferating cells, and a 37-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells. SMC apoptosis was frequently localized to the scratch edges, where cell proliferation and bcl-2 expression were absent. Finally, uPA enzymatic activity in the cell culture media was lower for EIPA-treated versus control SMCs. Therefore, EIPA inhibits both SMC proliferation and migration by inducing apoptosis and antagonizing uPA activity, respectively, and requires further study as an agent for reducing vascular lesion formation.
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MESH Headings
- Amiloride/analogs & derivatives
- Amiloride/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/cytology
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/enzymology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Rabbits
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/antagonists & inhibitors
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Chen
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON K17 4W7, Canada
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McGinn S, Poronnik P, King M, Gallery EDM, Pollock CA. High glucose and endothelial cell growth: novel effects independent of autocrine TGF-beta 1 and hyperosmolarity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 284:C1374-86. [PMID: 12540377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00466.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human endothelial cells were exposed to 5 mM glucose (control), 25 mM (high) glucose, or osmotic control for 72 h. TGF-beta1 production, cell growth, death, and cell cycle progression, and the effects of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta neutralization on these parameters were studied. High glucose and hyperosmolarity increased endothelial TGF-beta1 secretion (P < 0.0001) and bioactivity (P < 0.0001). However, high glucose had a greater effect on reducing endothelial cell number (P < 0.001) and increasing cellular protein content (P < 0.001) than the osmotic control. TGF-beta antibody only reversed the antiproliferative and hypertrophic effects of high glucose. High glucose altered cell cycle progression and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor expression independently of hyperosmolarity. High glucose increased endothelial cell apoptosis (P < 0.01), whereas hyperosmolarity induced endothelial cell necrosis (P < 0.001). TGF-beta antibody did not reverse the apoptotic effects observed with high glucose. Exogenous TGF-beta1 mimicked the increased S phase delay but not endoreduplication observed with high glucose. High glucose altered endothelial cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. These growth effects occurred principally via a TGF-beta1 autocrine pathway. In contrast, apoptosis and endoreduplication occurred independently of this cytokine and hyperosmolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGinn
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute: Renal Research Group, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Ha SW, Bae JS, Yeo HJ, Lee SH, Choi JY, Sohn YK, Kim JG, Kim IS, Kim BW. TGF-beta-induced protein beta ig-h3 is upregulated by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2003; 88:774-82. [PMID: 12577311 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
TGF-beta-induced gene-h3 (beta ig-h3) is an adhesive molecule that interacts with integrins. Because TGF-beta plays an important role in diabetic complications and beta ig-h3 serves as a cell substrate, we hypothesized that diabetic conditions might increase beta ig-h3 synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which may subsequently contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. The concentrations of beta ig-h3 and TGF-beta were measured in conditioned media using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An immunohistochemical study showed that beta ig-h3 was expressed in the VSMCs and the matrix of rat aortas. TGF-beta stimulated beta ig-h3 production, and high glucose induced beta ig-h3 as well as TGF-beta production in the VSMCs. The high glucose-induced beta ig-h3 expression was almost entirely blocked by an anti-TGF-beta antibody. beta ig-h3 protein mediated the adhesion, spreading, migration, and proliferation of rat VSMCs. These results suggest that the high glucose-induced beta ig-h3 in VSMCs regulates VSMC functions and may play an important role in diabetic angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea
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Kim JE, Jeong HW, Nam JO, Lee BH, Choi JY, Park RW, Park JY, Kim IS. Identification of Motifs in the Fasciclin Domains of the Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Matrix Protein βig-h3 That Interact with the αvβ5 Integrin. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:46159-65. [PMID: 12270930 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207055200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
betaig-h3 is a TGF-beta-induced matrix protein known to mediate the adhesion of several cell types. In this study, we found that all four of the fas-1 domains in betaig-h3 mediate MRC-5 fibroblast adhesion and that this was specifically inhibited by a function-blocking monoclonal antibody specific for the alphavbeta5 integrin. Using deletion mutants of the fourth fas-1 domain revealed the MRC-5 cell adhesion motif (denoted the YH motif) is located in amino acids 548-614. Experiments with substitution mutants showed that tyrosine 571, histidine 572, and their flanking leucine and isoleucine amino acids, which are all highly conserved in many fas-1 domains, are essential for mediating MRC-5 cell adhesion. A synthetic 18-amino acid peptide encompassing these conserved amino acids could effectively block MRC-5 cell adhesion to betaig-h3. Using HEK293 cells stably transfected with the beta5 integrin cDNA, we confirmed that the alphavbeta5 integrin is a functional receptor for the YH motif. In conclusion, we have identified a new alphavbeta5 integrin-interacting motif that is highly conserved in the fas-1 domains of many proteins. This suggests that fas-1 domain-containing proteins may perform their biological functions by interacting with integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Biology National Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Taegu 700-422, Korea
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Yun SJ, Kim MO, Kim SO, Park J, Kwon YK, Kim IS, Lee EH. Induction of TGF-beta-inducible gene-h3 (betaig-h3) by TGF-beta1 in astrocytes: implications for astrocyte response to brain injury. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2002; 107:57-64. [PMID: 12414124 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-inducible gene-h3 (betaig-h3) product is a secreted protein that is induced by TGF-beta in several cell types and implicated in various tissue pathologies. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of TGF-beta1 on betaig-h3 expression in cultured astrocytes and to examine whether betaig-h3 is expressed in the brain after traumatic injury. The results showed that betaig-h3 mRNA and protein increased in response to TGF-beta1 in U87 human astrocytoma cells and mouse cortical astrocytes. Treatment with other cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and fibroblast growth factor-2, did not enhance the expression of betaig-h3 in astrocytes. betaig-h3 was significantly expressed in reactive astrocytes at the site of a stab wound in the cerebral cortex of adult rats. These results provide an insight into understanding a novel role for betaig-h3 protein in the response of astrocytes to brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Yun
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In 449-701, South Korea
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Schneider D, Kleeff J, Berberat PO, Zhu Z, Korc M, Friess H, Büchler MW. Induction and expression of betaig-h3 in pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1588:1-6. [PMID: 12379307 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(02)00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
betaig-h3 (TGFBI, keratoepithelin) was first identified as a transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-inducible gene in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. It encodes for a secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, which is thought to act on cell attachment and ECM composition. Mutations of the betaig-h3 gene are involved in several corneal dystrophies. Pancreatic cancers display multiple alterations in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and in TGF-beta response genes, such as overexpression of all three TGF-beta isoforms and Smad4 mutations. In this report, we determined that betaig-h3 mRNA levels were induced by TGF-beta1 in two out of five examined pancreatic cancer cell lines (CAPAN-1, PANC-1). In CAPAN-1 cells, which harbor a Smad4 mutation, betaig-h3 but not PAI-1 was induced by TGF-beta1, whereas in PANC-1 cells that express wild-type Smad4, TGF-beta1 induced both PAI-1 and betaig-h3. In human pancreatic tissues, there was a 32.4-fold increase in betaig-h3 mRNA levels in pancreatic cancers in comparison to normal control tissues. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that betaig-h3 mRNA was expressed mainly in the cancer cells within the pancreatic tumor mass. These findings suggest that betaig-h3 is induced by TGF-betas in pancreatic cancer cells even in the presence of Smad4 mutations, which might explain, in part, the increased betaig-h3 mRNA levels observed in pancreatic cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schneider
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Glover C, Ma X, Chen YX, Miller H, Veinot J, Labinaz M, O'Brien E. Human in-stent restenosis tissue obtained by means of coronary atherectomy consists of an abundant proteoglycan matrix with a paucity of cell proliferation. Am Heart J 2002; 144:702-9. [PMID: 12360168 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2002.123577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a shortcoming of percutaneous coronary revascularization. Although neointimal cell proliferation is suspected to be the cause of this problem, little histological characterization of this tissue or data on cell replication exist. The purpose of this study was to examine the histologic features and proliferation profile of coronary ISR tissue derived from atherectomy procedures performed on patients with clinical evidence of ISR. METHODS ISR tissue retrieved by means of atherectomy from 20 coronary lesions was subjected to histomorphological analyses and immunocytochemistry as a means of examining proteoglycan expression. Cell proliferation was assessed with 2 sensitive markers of replication, in situ hybridization for histone 3 messenger RNA expression and immunocytochemistry for Ki-67 expression. RESULTS The ISR atherectomy specimens consisted primarily of smooth muscle cells, with occasional focal collections of inflammatory cells and organizing thrombus. All specimens had low levels of interstitial collagen and an abundant proteoglycan matrix, with biglycan being overexpressed more commonly than decorin. Cell proliferation was found in only 1 of 20 specimens (2 cells). CONCLUSION Established ISR lesions contained an abundant proteoglycan matrix and a paucity of proliferating cells. Future therapeutic strategies for ISR should include targeting extracellular matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Glover
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ohno S, Doi T, Tsutsumi S, Okada Y, Yoneno K, Kato Y, Tanne K. RGD-CAP ((beta)ig-h3) is expressed in precartilage condensation and in prehypertrophic chondrocytes during cartilage development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1572:114-22. [PMID: 12204340 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RGD-CAP ((beta)ig-h3), isolated from cartilage as a collagen-associated protein, was demonstrated to have a binding ability to collagen and to enhance the adhesion of chondrocytes via integrin alpha(1)beta(1). However, the role of this protein in cartilage development remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of RGD-CAP ((beta)ig-h3) in chick embryos and cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during the differentiation to chondrocytes. The effects of recombinant RGD-CAP on adhesion and DNA synthesis of MSCs and mineralization were also examined. Tissue sections from chick embryos at Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stages 19-37 were immunostained with anti-chick RGD-CAP antibodies. The expression of RGD-CAP was slightest in chick embryos at HH stage 19, whereas a considerable expression of RGD-CAP was observed in the developing vertebrae and precartilage aggregate in the limb bud of chick embryos at HH stage 26. The expression of RGD-CAP was significantly reduced in vertebrae of chick embryo at HH stage 32. Reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that RGD-CAP was highly expressed in cultured MSCs and decreased by 4-day treatment with 10(-8) M dexamethasone when MSCs proliferated to adipocyte-like cells, whereas it was recovered by co-treatment with 3 ng/ml TGF-beta for 8-12 days when MSCs proliferated to hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cells. The adhesion and DNA synthesis of MSCs cultured on RGD-CAP-coated dishes increased significantly compared with the controls. RGD-CAP was distributed in the prehypertrophic zone in matured cartilage of the vertebrae of chick embryos at HH stage 37. Recombinant RGD-CAP inhibited the mineralization of hypertrophic chondrocytes. These results suggest that RGD-CAP ((beta)ig-h3) exerts an essential role in the early cartilage development by enhancing the adhesion and growth of the pre-chondrogenic cells, and functions as a negative regulator for mineralization at the terminal stage of the chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohno
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hiroshima University, Minami, Japan.
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Bae JS, Lee SH, Kim JE, Choi JY, Park RW, Yong Park J, Park HS, Sohn YS, Lee DS, Bae Lee E, Kim IS. Betaig-h3 supports keratinocyte adhesion, migration, and proliferation through alpha3beta1 integrin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294:940-8. [PMID: 12074567 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
betaig-h3 is an extracellular matrix protein and its expression is highly induced by TGF-beta and it has also been suggested to play important roles in skin wound healing. In this paper, we demonstrate that betaig-h3 is present in the papillary layer of dermis and synthesized in the basal keratinocytes in vivo and its expression is induced by TGF-beta in normal human keratinocytes (NHEK) and HaCaT cells. betaig-h3 mediates not only adhesion and spreading of keratinocytes but also supports migration and proliferation. These activities are mediated through interacting with alpha3beta1 integrin. Previously identified two alpha3beta1 integrin-interacting motifs of betaig-h3, EPDIM, and NKDIL, are responsible for these activities. The results suggest that betaig-h3 may regulate keratinocyte functions in normal skin and potentially during wound-healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sup Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Taegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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