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Cho WJ, Pulimamidi VK, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK. Mesenchymal stromal cells protect tissues from Th1 immune responses via IL-11 secretion. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23683. [PMID: 38758184 PMCID: PMC11149610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate the function of various subsets of T cells such as naïve CD4+ T cells and IFNγ+CD4+ Th1 cells; however, mechanisms underlying this regulation have not been fully deciphered. Our in vitro culture assays demonstrate that MSCs suppress the activation and function of CD4+ T cells by secreting interleukin 11, and neutralization of IL11 abrogates MSC-mediated suppression of CD4+ T cell function. Moreover, delayed-type, exogenous supplementation of IL11 significantly suppressed IFNγ+ expression by Th1 cells. Th1 and CD8+ cells play central roles in T cell-mediated tissue damage. Using a murine model of hypersensitivity response to study T cell-mediated tissue damage, we show that silencing IL11 in MSCs significantly abates the capacity of MSCs to suppress the generation of IFNγ-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ cells, failing to prevent T cell-mediated tissue inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonKyung J Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vinay K Pulimamidi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Sang L, Gong X, Huang Y, Zhang L, Sun J. Immunotherapeutic implications on targeting the cytokines produced in rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1427762. [PMID: 38859875 PMCID: PMC11163110 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1427762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus is a widespread virus associated with several respiratory diseases, especially asthma exacerbation. Currently, there are no accurate therapies for rhinovirus. Encouragingly, it is found that during rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions the levels of certain cytokines in patients' serum will alter. These cytokines may have pivotal pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects via their specific mechanisms. Thus far, studies have shown that inhibitions of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-18, IL-25, and IL-33 may attenuate rhinovirus-induced immunoreactions, thereby relieving rhinovirus infection. Furthermore, such therapeutics for rhinovirus infection can be applied to viruses of other species, with certain practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Sang
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunlei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Tang M, Xu M, Wang J, Liu Y, Liang K, Jin Y, Duan W, Xia S, Li G, Chu H, Liu W, Wang Q. Brain Metastasis from EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Secretion of IL11 from Astrocytes Up-Regulates PDL1 and Promotes Immune Escape. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2306348. [PMID: 38696655 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Patients who have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are more prone to brain metastasis (BM) and poor prognosis. Previous studies showed that the tumor microenvironment of BM in these patients is immunosuppressed, as indicated by reduced T-cell abundance and activity, although the mechanism of this immunosuppression requires further study. This study shows that reactive astrocytes play a critical role in promoting the immune escape of BM from EGFR-mutated NSCLC by increasing the apoptosis of CD8+ T lymphocytes. The increased secretion of interleukin 11(IL11) by astrocytes promotes the expression of PDL1 in BM, and this is responsible for the increased apoptosis of T lymphocytes. IL11 functions as a ligand of EGFR, and this binding activates EGFR and downstream signaling to increase the expression of PDL1, culminating in the immune escape of tumor cells. IL11 also promotes immune escape by binding to its intrinsic receptor (IL11Rα/glycoprotein 130 [gp130]). Additional in vivo studies show that the targeted inhibition of gp130 and EGFR suppresses the growth of BM and prolongs the survival time of mice. These results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Tang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Mingxin Xu
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Jian Wang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kun Liang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Yinuo Jin
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Shengkai Xia
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian, Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Qi Wang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, China
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4
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Han Y, Gao H, Gan X, Liu J, Bao C, He C. Roles of IL-11 in the regulation of bone metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1290130. [PMID: 38352248 PMCID: PMC10862480 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1290130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is the basis for maintaining the normal physiological state of bone, and imbalance of bone metabolism can lead to a series of metabolic bone diseases. As a member of the IL-6 family, IL-11 acts primarily through the classical signaling pathway IL-11/Receptors, IL-11 (IL-11R)/Glycoprotein 130 (gp130). The regulatory role of IL-11 in bone metabolism has been found earlier, but mainly focuses on the effects on osteogenesis and osteoclasis. In recent years, more studies have focused on IL-11's roles and related mechanisms in different bone metabolism activities. IL-11 regulates osteoblasts, osteoclasts, BM stromal cells, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and chondrocytes. It's involved in bone homeostasis, including osteogenesis, osteolysis, bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis, BM adipogenesis, and bone metastasis. This review exams IL-11's role in pathology and bone tissue, the cytokines and pathways that regulate IL-11 expression, and the feedback regulations of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinling Gan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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O'Reilly S. Interleukin-11 and its eminent role in tissue fibrosis: a possible therapeutic target. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:154-161. [PMID: 37724596 PMCID: PMC10714194 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-11 is a cytokine from the IL-6 family of cytokines that includes IL-6 and oncostatin-M. Initially described for its role in platelet generation, it is now appreciated that this cytokine has multiple functions. Recently it has been found that IL-11 is critical in fibrosis in multiple different organ systems and systemically as in the autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis. Animal models of fibrosis have determined that animals with IL-11 receptor deletions have retarded fibrosis and that in wild-type animals IL-11 is found at the organ of fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests that IL-11 may be a master regulator of fibrosis regardless of end target organ. With the development of neutralizing antibodies targeting the cytokine in pre-clinical models this could be a possible therapeutic, in a disease in which no specific therapies exist. This review appraises the evidence of the role of IL-11 in tissue fibrosis, its signalling properties, and therapeutic targeting. The review ends with an appraisal of indications for which IL-11 modulation is targeted.
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Metcalfe RD, Hanssen E, Fung KY, Aizel K, Kosasih CC, Zlatic CO, Doughty L, Morton CJ, Leis AP, Parker MW, Gooley PR, Putoczki TL, Griffin MDW. Structures of the interleukin 11 signalling complex reveal gp130 dynamics and the inhibitory mechanism of a cytokine variant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7543. [PMID: 37985757 PMCID: PMC10662374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL-)11, an IL-6 family cytokine, has pivotal roles in autoimmune diseases, fibrotic complications, and solid cancers. Despite intense therapeutic targeting efforts, structural understanding of IL-11 signalling and mechanistic insights into current inhibitors are lacking. Here we present cryo-EM and crystal structures of the human IL-11 signalling complex, including the complex containing the complete extracellular domains of the shared IL-6 family β-receptor, gp130. We show that complex formation requires conformational reorganisation of IL-11 and that the membrane-proximal domains of gp130 are dynamic. We demonstrate that the cytokine mutant, IL-11 Mutein, competitively inhibits signalling in human cell lines. Structural shifts in IL-11 Mutein underlie inhibition by altering cytokine binding interactions at all three receptor-engaging sites and abrogating the final gp130 binding step. Our results reveal the structural basis of IL-11 signalling, define the molecular mechanisms of an inhibitor, and advance understanding of gp130-containing receptor complexes, with potential applications in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Metcalfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Ian Holmes Imaging Centre, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ka Yee Fung
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kaheina Aizel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Clara C Kosasih
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Courtney O Zlatic
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Larissa Doughty
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Craig J Morton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew P Leis
- Ian Holmes Imaging Centre, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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7
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Xiong W, Chen Y, Zhang C, Li J, Huang H, Zhu Y, Deng G, Cheng J, Lin Y, Shi Z, Mou T. Pharmacologic inhibition of IL11/STAT3 signaling increases MHC-I expression and T cell infiltration. J Transl Med 2023; 21:416. [PMID: 37365574 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have discovered an emerging role of IL11 in various colitis-associated cancers, suggesting that IL11 mainly promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation in regulating tumorigenesis. Herein we aimed to reveal a novel function of IL-11 through STAT3 signaling in regulating tumor immune evasion. METHODS AOM/DSS model in Il11-/- and Apcmin/+/Il11-/- mice were used to detect tumor growth and CD8+ T infiltration. STAT1/3 phosphorylation and MHC-I, CXCL9, H2-K1 and H2-D1 expression were detected in MC38 cells and intestine organoids treated with/without recombinant IL11 to explore effect of IL11/STAT3 signaling, with IL11 mutein used to competitively inhibit IL11 and rescue inhibited STAT1 activation. Correlation between IL11 and CD8+ T infiltration was analyzed using TIMER2.0 website. IL11 expression and survival prognosis was analyzed in clinical data of patient cohort from Nanfang Hospital. RESULTS IL11 is highly expressed in CRC and indicates unfavorable prognosis. IL11 knockout increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and reduced intestinal and colon formation. Tumors were significantly suppressed while MHC-I and CXCL9 expression for CD8+ T infiltration were remarkably increased in the tumor tissues of Apcmin/+/Il11-/- mice or Il11-/- mice induced by AOM/DSS. IL11/STAT3 signaling downregulated MHC-I and CXCL9 by inhibiting IFNγ-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. IL11 mutein competitively inhibit IL11 to upregulate CXCL9 and MHC-I in tumor and attenuated tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS This study ascribes for a new immunomodulatory role for IL11 during tumor development that is amenable to anti-cytokine based therapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhimin Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tingyu Mou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, China.
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Gurusamy M, Nasseri S, Rampa DR, Feng H, Lee D, Pekcec A, Doods H, Wu D. Triple-tyrosine kinase inhibition by BIBF1000 attenuates airway and pulmonary arterial remodeling following chronic allergen challenges in mice. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:71. [PMID: 36755351 PMCID: PMC9909896 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is an important pathological feature of chronic airway diseases, which leads to a progressive decline in lung function. The present study examined the anti-remodeling and anti- inflammatory effect of BIBF1000, a triple-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGF, PDGF, and FGF receptor signaling in a mouse model of repeated ovalbumin (OVA) challenges. METHODS Female Balb-c mice were immunized intraperitoneally on days 0 and 12 with 50 µg ovalbumin plus 1 mg of Al(OH)3 in 200 μl saline. Intranasal OVA challenges (20 µg/50 µl in PBS) were administered on days 26, 29, and 31, and were repeated twice a week for 3 months. Animals received vehicle or BIBF1000 (25 mg/kg, b.i.d.) through gavage from day 26 to the end of fourth month. On day 120, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were collected for biochemical and immunohistological analysis. RESULTS Compared to vehicle controls, treatment with BIBF1000 reduced the numbers of BAL eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes by 70.0%, 57.9%, 47.5%, and 63.0%, respectively, and reduced IL-5 and IL-13 in BAL. Treatment with BIBF1000 reduced airway mucus secretion, peribronchial fibrosis, small airway, and pulmonary arterial wall thickness, compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, treatment with BIBF1000 also reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-13, MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, and iNOS) and inhibited ERK and AKT phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect afforded by triple-tyrosine kinase inhibition with BIBF1000 in reducing allergen-induced airway and arterial remodeling was associated with down-regulation of inflammatory mediators, as well as inhibition of ERK and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarvizhi Gurusamy
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Saeed Nasseri
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea ,grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Present Address: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Dileep Reddy Rampa
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Huiying Feng
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea ,grid.410396.90000 0004 0430 4458Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL USA
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Anton Pekcec
- grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Henri Doods
- grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Department of Bio-Nanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea. .,Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
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9
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Johnston RA, Atkins CL, Siddiqui SR, Jackson WT, Mitchell NC, Spencer CY, Pilkington AW, Kashon ML, Haque IU. Interleukin-11 receptor subunit α-1 is required for maximal airway responsiveness to methacholine after acute exposure to ozone. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R921-R934. [PMID: 36283092 PMCID: PMC9722265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00213.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11, a multifunctional cytokine, contributes to numerous biological processes, including adipogenesis, hematopoiesis, and inflammation. Asthma, a respiratory disease, is notably characterized by reversible airway obstruction, persistent lung inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Nasal insufflation of IL-11 causes AHR in wild-type mice while lung inflammation induced by antigen sensitization and challenge, which mimics features of atopic asthma in humans, is attenuated in mice genetically deficient in IL-11 receptor subunit α-1 (IL-11Rα1-deficient mice), a transmembrane receptor that is required conjointly with glycoprotein 130 to transduce IL-11 signaling. Nevertheless, the contribution of IL-11Rα1 to characteristics of nonatopic asthma is unknown. Thus, based on the aforementioned observations, we hypothesized that genetic deficiency of IL-11Rα1 attenuates lung inflammation and increases airway responsiveness after acute inhalation exposure to ozone (O3), a criteria pollutant and nonatopic asthma stimulus. Accordingly, 4 and/or 24 h after cessation of exposure to filtered room air or O3, we assessed lung inflammation and airway responsiveness in wild-type and IL-11Rα1-deficient mice. With the exception of bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages and adiponectin, which were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in O3-exposed IL-11Rα1-deficient as compared with O3-exposed wild-type mice, no other genotype-related differences in lung inflammation indices that we quantified were observed in O3-exposed mice. However, airway responsiveness to acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride (methacholine) was significantly diminished in IL-11Rα1-deficient as compared with wild-type mice after O3 exposure. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that IL-11Rα1 minimally contributes to lung inflammation but is required for maximal airway responsiveness to methacholine in a mouse model of nonatopic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Johnston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Constance L Atkins
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Saad R Siddiqui
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - William T Jackson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas C Mitchell
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantal Y Spencer
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Albert W Pilkington
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ikram U Haque
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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10
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Mostafavi E, Aref AR, Sethi G, Wang L, Tergaonkar V. Non-coding RNA-based regulation of inflammation. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101606. [PMID: 35691882 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a multifactorial process and various biological mechanisms and pathways participate in its development. The presence of inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and even, cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise large part of transcribed genome and their critical function in physiological and pathological conditions has been confirmed. The present review focuses on miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs as ncRNAs and their potential functions in inflammation regulation and resolution. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors are regulated by miRNAs via binding to 3'-UTR or indirectly via affecting other pathways such as SIRT1 and NF-κB. LncRNAs display a similar function and they can also affect miRNAs via sponging in regulating levels of cytokines. CircRNAs mainly affect miRNAs and reduce their expression in regulating cytokine levels. Notably, exosomal ncRNAs have shown capacity in inflammation resolution. In addition to pre-clinical studies, clinical trials have examined role of ncRNAs in inflammation-mediated disease pathogenesis and cytokine regulation. The therapeutic targeting of ncRNAs using drugs and nucleic acids have been analyzed to reduce inflammation in disease therapy. Therefore, ncRNAs can serve as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in inflammation-related diseases in pre-clinical and clinical backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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Lokau J, Kespohl B, Kirschke S, Garbers C. The role of proteolysis in interleukin-11 signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119135. [PMID: 34624437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although interleukin-11 (IL-11) was discovered more than 30 years ago, it remains an understudied member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. While it was originally discovered as a secreted factor that could foster megakaryocyte maturation and was therefore used as a recombinant protein to increase platelet production in patients with thrombocytopenia, recent research has established important roles for IL-11 in inflammation, fibrosis and cancer. In order to initiate signal transduction, IL-11 binds first to a non-signaling membrane-bound IL-11 receptor (IL-11R, classic signaling), which subsequently induces the formation of a heterodimer of the signal-transducing receptor gp130 that is shared with the other family members. Complex formation initiates several intracellular signaling cascades, most notably the Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway. We have recently identified a trans-signaling mechanism, in which IL-11 binds to soluble forms of the IL-11R (sIL-11R) and the agonistic IL-11/sIL-11R complex can activate cells that do not express the IL-11R and would usually not respond to IL-11. The generation of sIL-11R and thus the initiation of IL-11 trans-signaling is mediated by proteolytic cleavage. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding IL-11R cleavage, highlight recent developments in IL-11 biology and discuss therapeutic opportunities and challenges in the light of IL-11 classic and trans-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lokau
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Birte Kespohl
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Kirschke
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Hill DG, Ward A, Nicholson LB, Jones GW. Emerging roles for IL-6 family cytokines as positive and negative regulators of ectopic lymphoid structures. Cytokine 2021; 146:155650. [PMID: 34343865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 family cytokines display broad effects in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells that regulate immune homeostasis, host defence, haematopoiesis, development, reproduction and wound healing. Dysregulation of these activities places this cytokine family as important mediators of autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and cancer. In this regard, ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) are a pathological hallmark of many tissues affected by chronic disease. These inducible lymphoid aggregates form compartmentalised T cell and B cell zones, germinal centres, follicular dendritic cell networks and high endothelial venules, which are defining qualities of peripheral lymphoid organs. Accordingly, ELS can support local antigen-specific responses to self-antigens, alloantigens, pathogens and tumours. ELS often correlate with severe disease progression in autoimmune conditions, while tumour-associated ELS are associated with enhanced anti-tumour immunity and a favourable prognosis in cancer. Here, we discuss emerging roles for IL-6 family cytokines as regulators of ELS development, maintenance and activity and consider how modulation of these activities has the potential to aid the successful treatment of autoimmune conditions and cancers where ELS feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Hill
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Ward
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lindsay B Nicholson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gareth W Jones
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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13
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Maroni P, Bendinelli P, Ferraretto A, Lombardi G. Interleukin 11 (IL-11): Role(s) in Breast Cancer Bone Metastases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060659. [PMID: 34201209 PMCID: PMC8228851 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases represent the main problem related to the progression of breast cancer, as they are the main cause of death for these patients. Unfortunately, to date, bone metastases are incurable and represent the main challenge for the researcher. Chemokines and cytokines affect different stages of the metastatic process, and in bone metastases, interleukin (IL) -6, IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-11 participate in the interaction between cancer cells and bone cells. This review focuses on IL-11, a pleiotropic cytokine that, in addition to its well-known effects on several tissues, also mediates certain signals in cancer cells. In particular, as IL-11 works on bone remodeling, it plays a relevant role in the osteolytic vicious cycle of bone resorption and tumour growth, which characterizes bone metastasis. IL-11 appears as a candidate for anti-metastatic therapy. Even if different therapeutic approaches have considered IL-11 and the downstream-activated gp130 signaling pathways activated downstream of gp130, further studies are needed to decipher the contribution of the different cytokines and their mechanisms of action in breast cancer progression to define therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy; (A.F.); or (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6621-4759
| | - Paola Bendinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Anita Ferraretto
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy; (A.F.); or (G.L.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy; (A.F.); or (G.L.)
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
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14
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Kortekaas RK, Burgess JK, van Orsoy R, Lamb D, Webster M, Gosens R. Therapeutic Targeting of IL-11 for Chronic Lung Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:354-366. [PMID: 33612289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 was originally recognized as an immunomodulatory and hematopoiesis-inducing cytokine. However, although IL-11 is typically not found in healthy individuals, it is now becoming evident that IL-11 may play a role in diverse pulmonary conditions, including IPF, asthma, and lung cancer. Additionally, experimental strategies targeting IL-11, such as humanized antibodies, have recently been developed, revealing the therapeutic potential of IL-11. Thus, further insight into the underlying mechanisms of IL-11 in lung disease may lead to the ability to interfere with pathological conditions that have a clear need for disease-modifying treatments, such as IPF. In this review, we outline the effects, expression, signaling, and crosstalk of IL-11 and focus on its role in lung disease and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa K Kortekaas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roël van Orsoy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Lamb
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Megan Webster
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Dawson RE, Jenkins BJ, Saad MI. IL-6 family cytokines in respiratory health and disease. Cytokine 2021; 143:155520. [PMID: 33875334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung fibrosis represent a major burden on healthcare systems with limited effective therapeutic options. Developing effective treatments for these debilitating diseases requires an understanding of how alterations at the molecular level affect lung macroscopic architecture. A common theme among these lung disorders is the presence of an underlying dysregulated immune system which can lead to sustained chronic inflammation. In this respect, several inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, thus leading to the notion that cytokines are attractive therapeutic targets for these disorders. In this review, we discuss and highlight the recent breakthroughs that have enhanced our understanding of the role of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines in lung homeostasis and chronic diseases including asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E Dawson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Connor MG, Camarasa TMN, Patey E, Rasid O, Barrio L, Weight CM, Miller DP, Heyderman RS, Lamont RJ, Enninga J, Hamon MA. The histone demethylase KDM6B fine-tunes the host response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nat Microbiol 2020; 6:257-269. [PMID: 33349663 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a natural colonizer of the human respiratory tract and an opportunistic pathogen. Although epithelial cells are among the first to encounter pneumococci, the cellular processes and contribution of epithelial cells to the host response are poorly understood. Here, we show that a S. pneumoniae serotype 6B ST90 strain, which does not cause disease in a murine infection model, induces a unique NF-κB signature response distinct from an invasive-disease-causing isolate of serotype 4 (TIGR4). This signature is characterized by activation of p65 and requires a histone demethylase KDM6B. We show, molecularly, that the interaction of the 6B strain with epithelial cells leads to chromatin remodelling within the IL-11 promoter in a KDM6B-dependent manner, where KDM6B specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 27 dimethyl. Remodelling of the IL-11 locus facilitates p65 access to three NF-κB sites that are otherwise inaccessible when stimulated by IL-1β or TIGR4. Finally, we demonstrate through chemical inhibition of KDM6B with GSK-J4 inhibitor and through exogenous addition of IL-11 that the host responses to the 6B ST90 and TIGR4 strains can be interchanged both in vitro and in a murine model of infection in vivo. Our studies therefore reveal how a chromatin modifier governs cellular responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiphaine M N Camarasa
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emma Patey
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Orhan Rasid
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Barrio
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline M Weight
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jost Enninga
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Melanie A Hamon
- G5 Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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17
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Ng B, Cook SA, Schafer S. Interleukin-11 signaling underlies fibrosis, parenchymal dysfunction, and chronic inflammation of the airway. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1871-1878. [PMID: 33262481 PMCID: PMC7705429 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 evolved as part of the innate immune response. In the human lung, IL-11 upregulation has been associated with viral infections and a range of fibroinflammatory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and other disease factors can initiate an autocrine loop of IL-11 signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts, which, in a largely ERK-dependent manner, triggers the translation of profibrotic proteins. Lung epithelial cells also express the IL-11 receptor and transition into a mesenchymal-like state in response to IL-11 exposure. In mice, therapeutic targeting of IL-11 with antibodies can arrest and reverse bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. Intriguingly, fibroblast-specific blockade of IL-11 signaling has anti-inflammatory effects, which suggests that lung inflammation is sustained, in part, through IL-11 activity in the stroma. Proinflammatory fibroblasts and their interaction with the damaged epithelium may represent an important but overlooked driver of lung disease. Initially thought of as a protective cytokine, IL-11 is now increasingly recognized as an important determinant of lung fibrosis, inflammation, and epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Metcalfe RD, Putoczki TL, Griffin MDW. Structural Understanding of Interleukin 6 Family Cytokine Signaling and Targeted Therapies: Focus on Interleukin 11. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1424. [PMID: 32765502 PMCID: PMC7378365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are small signaling proteins that have central roles in inflammation and cell survival. In the half-century since the discovery of the first cytokines, the interferons, over fifty cytokines have been identified. Amongst these is interleukin (IL)-6, the first and prototypical member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, nearly all of which utilize the common signaling receptor, gp130. In the last decade, there have been numerous advances in our understanding of the structural mechanisms of IL-6 family signaling, particularly for IL-6 itself. However, our understanding of the detailed structural mechanisms underlying signaling by most IL-6 family members remains limited. With the emergence of new roles for IL-6 family cytokines in disease and, in particular, roles of IL-11 in cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and cancer, there is an emerging need to develop therapeutics that can progress to clinical use. Here we outline our current knowledge of the structural mechanism of signaling by the IL-6 family of cytokines. We discuss how this knowledge allows us to understand the mechanism of action of currently available inhibitors targeting IL-6 family cytokine signaling, and most importantly how it allows for improved opportunities to pharmacologically disrupt cytokine signaling. We focus specifically on the need to develop and understand inhibitors that disrupt IL-11 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Metcalfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Technology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Technology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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19
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Metcalfe RD, Aizel K, Zlatic CO, Nguyen PM, Morton CJ, Lio DSS, Cheng HC, Dobson RCJ, Parker MW, Gooley PR, Putoczki TL, Griffin MDW. The structure of the extracellular domains of human interleukin 11α receptor reveals mechanisms of cytokine engagement. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8285-8301. [PMID: 32332100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 11 activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways by forming a complex with its cell surface α-receptor, IL-11Rα, and the β-subunit receptor, gp130. Dysregulated IL-11 signaling has been implicated in several diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis. Mutations in IL-11Rα that reduce signaling are also associated with hereditary cranial malformations. Here we present the first crystal structure of the extracellular domains of human IL-11Rα and a structure of human IL-11 that reveals previously unresolved detail. Disease-associated mutations in IL-11Rα are generally distal to putative ligand-binding sites. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that specific mutations destabilize IL-11Rα and may have indirect effects on the cytokine-binding region. We show that IL-11 and IL-11Rα form a 1:1 complex with nanomolar affinity and present a model of the complex. Our results suggest that the thermodynamic and structural mechanisms of complex formation between IL-11 and IL-11Rα differ substantially from those previously reported for similar cytokines. This work reveals key determinants of the engagement of IL-11 by IL-11Rα that may be exploited in the development of strategies to modulate formation of the IL-11-IL-11Rα complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Metcalfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Kaheina Aizel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute.,Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney O Zlatic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Paul M Nguyen
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig J Morton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Daisy Sio-Seng Lio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute.,Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heung-Chin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute.,Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
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20
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Kılıç A, Ameli A, Park JA, Kho AT, Tantisira K, Santolini M, Cheng F, Mitchel JA, McGill M, O'Sullivan MJ, De Marzio M, Sharma A, Randell SH, Drazen JM, Fredberg JJ, Weiss ST. Mechanical forces induce an asthma gene signature in healthy airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:966. [PMID: 31969610 PMCID: PMC6976696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchospasm compresses the bronchial epithelium, and this compressive stress has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this compressive stress alters pathways relevant to disease are not well understood. Using air-liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells derived from non-asthmatic donors and asthmatic donors, we applied a compressive stress and then used a network approach to map resulting changes in the molecular interactome. In cells from non-asthmatic donors, compression by itself was sufficient to induce inflammatory, late repair, and fibrotic pathways. Remarkably, this molecular profile of non-asthmatic cells after compression recapitulated the profile of asthmatic cells before compression. Together, these results show that even in the absence of any inflammatory stimulus, mechanical compression alone is sufficient to induce an asthma-like molecular signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asher Ameli
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvin T Kho
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Santolini
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen McGill
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margherita De Marzio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Drazen
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Fredberg
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Dai Q, Morita Y, Huang Y, Liaw PC, Wu J, Khang J, Islam D, Yu K, Li Y, Zhang H. Modulation of Human Neutrophil Peptides on P. aeruginosa Killing, Epithelial Cell Inflammation and Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome Profiles. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:335-343. [PMID: 31908518 PMCID: PMC6927223 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s219276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neutrophil infiltration and release of the abundant human neutrophil peptides (HNP) are a common clinical feature in critically ill patients. We tested a hypothesis that different cell types respond to HNP differently in lung microenvironment that may influence the host responses. Methods Plasma concentrations of HNP were measured in healthy volunteers and patients with sepsis. Cells including the bacteria P. aeruginosa, human lung epithelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were exposed to various concentrations of HNP. Bacterial killing, epithelial cell inflammation, MSC adhesion and behaviours were examined after HNP stimulation. Results Incubation of P. aeruginosa or stimulation of human lung epithelial cells with HNP resulted in bacterial killing or IL-8 production at a dose of 50 μg/mL, while MSC adhesion and alternations of secretome profiles took place after HNP stimulation at a dose of 10 μg/mL. The secretome profile changes were characterized by increased release of the IL-6 family members such as C-reactive protein (CRP), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin (IL-11), and first apoptosis signal (FAS) and platelet-derived growth factor-AA as compared to a vehicle control group. Conclusion Stimulation of MSCs with HNP resulted in changes of secretome profiles at 5-fold lower concentration than that required for bacterial killing and lung epithelial inflammation. This undisclosed risk factor of HNP in lung environment should be taken into consideration when MSCs are applied as cell therapy in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasumasa Morita
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba Aoba Municipal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yongbo Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Patricia C Liaw
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Julie Khang
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diana Islam
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Traber KE, Dimbo EL, Symer EM, Korkmaz FT, Jones MR, Mizgerd JP, Quinton LJ. Roles of interleukin-11 during acute bacterial pneumonia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221029. [PMID: 31415618 PMCID: PMC6695241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokine shown to play a protective role in acute inflammatory settings including systemic infection. In this study we addressed the role of IL-11 in acute bacterial pneumonia using a mouse model of E. coli pneumonia. Compared with other related cytokines, IL-11 protein was maintained at high levels in the lung at baseline, with only mild alterations in whole lung and BALF levels during acute infection. The primary source of IL-11 in the lung was the epithelium, but steady state production was not dependent on the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B in cells of either myeloid or epithelial lineage. Blockade of IL-11 with neutralizing antibodies resulted in a mild but significant decrease in neutrophil recruitment and increase in pulmonary edema during pneumonia, without detectable alterations in bacterial clearance. Exogenous IL-11 administration, however, had no effect at baseline or during infection. Overall, we conclude that maintenance of lung IL-11 concentrations may influence acute pulmonary inflammation during infection, albeit modestly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E. Traber
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ernest L. Dimbo
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elise M. Symer
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Filiz T. Korkmaz
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lee J. Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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23
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West NR. Coordination of Immune-Stroma Crosstalk by IL-6 Family Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1093. [PMID: 31156640 PMCID: PMC6529849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells are a subject of rapidly growing immunological interest based on their ability to influence virtually all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Present in every bodily tissue, stromal cells complement the functions of classical immune cells by sensing pathogens and tissue damage, coordinating leukocyte recruitment and function, and promoting immune response resolution and tissue repair. These diverse roles come with a price: like classical immune cells, inappropriate stromal cell behavior can lead to various forms of pathology, including inflammatory disease, tissue fibrosis, and cancer. An important immunological function of stromal cells is to act as information relays, responding to leukocyte-derived signals and instructing leukocyte behavior in kind. In this regard, several members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, including IL-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), have gained recognition as factors that mediate crosstalk between stromal and immune cells, with diverse roles in numerous inflammatory and homeostatic processes. This review summarizes our current understanding of how IL-6 family cytokines control stromal-immune crosstalk in health and disease, and how these interactions can be leveraged for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R West
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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24
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines, discovered over 30 years ago. While early studies focused on the ability of IL-11 to stimulate megakaryocytopoiesis, the importance of this cytokine to inflammatory disease and cancers is only just beginning to be uncovered. This review outlines recent advances in our understanding of IL-11 biology, and highlights the development of novel therapeutics with the potential for clinical targeting of signaling by this cytokine in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Nguyen
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
- b The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Suad M Abdirahman
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
- b The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Victoria , Australia
- b The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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25
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Deguchi Y, Nishina T, Asano K, Ohmuraya M, Nakagawa Y, Nakagata N, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Araki K, Mikami T, Tanaka M, Nakano H. Generation of and characterization of anti-IL-11 antibodies using newly established Il11-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:453-459. [PMID: 30268501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 belongs to the members of the IL-6 family of cytokines and is involved in a variety of biological responses, including hematopoiesis, bone development, and carcinogenesis. However, the cellular sources of IL-11 and regulation of IL-11 expression under physiological and pathological conditions are not fully understood. One of the causes to prevent characterization of IL-11 in vivo is due to the lack of reliable antibodies that detect IL-11 by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, although mice lacking Il11ra have been generated and extensively characterized, Il11-deficient mice have not been characterized yet. Here we generated two anti-IL-11 antibodies that blocked biological activities of IL-11 and detected IL-11 by immunohistochemistry, respectively. One clone of anti-IL-11 antibodies blocked IL-11-, but not IL-6-induced cell proliferation and IL-11-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 of an IL-11-dependent cell line. Moreover, we used recently established Il11-deficient mice to test the specificity of anti-IL-11 antibodies for immunohistochemistry. Another clone of anti-IL-11 antibodies stained stromal cells surrounding tumors of the colon of wild-type, but not Il11-deficient mice following treatment with Azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium. Together, these newly developed anti-IL-11 antibodies provide a better understanding of the functions of IL-11 in vivo under various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Deguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishina
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan; Host Defense Research Center, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
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26
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts-stimulated interleukin-11 promotes metastasis of gastric cancer cells mediated by upregulation of MUC1. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:184-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Winship A, Menkhorst E, Van Sinderen M, Dimitriadis E. Interleukin 11 blockade during mid to late gestation does not affect maternal blood pressure, pregnancy viability or subsequent fertility in mice. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36:250-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Winship A, Dimitriadis E. Interleukin 11 is upregulated in preeclampsia and leads to inflammation and preeclampsia features in mice. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 125:32-38. [PMID: 29195119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a dangerous pregnancy complication, which is often associated with fetal growth restriction and can have serious life-long effects for both mother and baby. While the establishment of the placenta in the first trimester is the sentinel event in the development of preeclampsia little is known of the critical mechanisms of placentation that lead to the syndrome. Locally produced inflammatory cytokines are thought to play a role in the development of preeclampsia. This review summarizes the evidence that interleukin 11 is dysregulated in preeclampsia and contributes to the initiation of preeclampsia via effects on placentation. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of targeting IL11 as a novel treatment option for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.
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29
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Production and characterization of genetically modified human IL-11 variants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:205-217. [PMID: 27884519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has been expected as a drug on severe thrombocytopenia caused by myelo-suppressive chemotherapy. Whereas, development of IL-11 inhibitor is also expected for a treatment against IL-11 related cancer progression. Here, we will demonstrate the creation of various kinds of genetically modified hIL-11s. Modified vectors were constructed by introducing N- or O-glycosylation site on the region of hIL-11 that does not belong to the core α-helical motif based on the predicted secondary structure. N-terminal (N: between 22 to 23 aa), the first loop (M1:70 to 71 aa), the second loop (M2:114-115 aa), the third loop (M3:160-161 aa) and C-terminal (C: 200- aa) were selected for modification. A large scale production system was established and the characteristics of modified hIL-11s were evaluated. The structure was analyzed by amino acid sequence and composition analysis and CD-spectra. Glycan was assessed by monosaccharide composition analysis. Growth promoting activity and biological stability were analyzed by proliferation of T1165 cells. N-terminal modified proteins were well glycosylated and produced. Growth activity of 3NN with NASNASNAS sequence on N-terminal was about tenfold higher than wild type (WT). Structural and biological stabilities of 3NN were also better than WT and residence time in mouse blood was longer than WT. M1 variants lacked growth activity though they are well glycosylated and secondary structure is very stable. Both of 3NN and OM1 with AAATPAPG on M1 associated with hIL-11R strongly. These results indicate N-terminal and M1 variants will be expected for practical use as potent agonists or antagonists of hIL-11.
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30
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Generation of Soluble Interleukin-11 and Interleukin-6 Receptors: A Crucial Function for Proteases during Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1785021. [PMID: 27493449 PMCID: PMC4963573 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1785021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokines interleukin-11 (IL-11) and IL-6 are important proteins with well-defined pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. They activate intracellular signaling cascades through a homodimer of the ubiquitously expressed signal-transducing β-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Specificity is gained through the cell- and tissue-specific expression of the nonsignaling IL-11 and IL-6 α-receptors (IL-11R and IL-6R), which determine the responsiveness of the cell to these two cytokines. IL-6 is a rare example, where its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) has agonistic properties, so that the IL-6/sIL-6R complex is able to activate cells that are usually not responsive to IL-6 alone (trans-signaling). Recent evidence suggests that IL-11 can signal via a similar trans-signaling mechanism. In this review, we highlight similarities and differences in the functions of IL-11 and IL-6. We summarize current knowledge about the generation of the sIL-6R and sIL-11R by different proteases and discuss possible roles during inflammatory processes. Finally, we focus on the selective and/or combined inhibition of IL-6 and IL-11 signaling and how this might translate into the clinics.
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31
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Permyakov EA, Uversky VN, Permyakov SE. Interleukin-11: A Multifunctional Cytokine with Intrinsically Disordered Regions. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:285-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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A panoramic review and in silico analysis of IL-11 structure and function. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:41-61. [PMID: 27312790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human Interleukin (IL)-11 is a multifunctional cytokine, recognized for its thrombopoietic effects for more than two decades; clinically, IL-11 is used in the treatment of thrombocytopenia. IL-11 shares structural and functional similarities with IL-6, a related family member. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in IL-11, because its distinct biological activities associated with cancers of epithelial origin and inflammatory disorders have been revealed. Although the crystal structure of IL-11 was resolved more than two years, a better understanding of the mechanisms of IL-11 action is required to further extend the clinical use of IL-11. This review will discuss the available structural, functional, and bioinformatics knowledge concerning IL-11 and will summarize its relationship with several diseases.
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33
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The role of IL-11 in immunity and cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Razvi SS, Richards JB, Malik F, Cromar KR, Price RE, Bell CS, Weng T, Atkins CL, Spencer CY, Cockerill KJ, Alexander AL, Blackburn MR, Alcorn JL, Haque IU, Johnston RA. Resistin deficiency in mice has no effect on pulmonary responses induced by acute ozone exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1174-85. [PMID: 26386120 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00270.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to ozone (O3), an air pollutant, causes pulmonary inflammation, airway epithelial desquamation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Pro-inflammatory cytokines-including IL-6 and ligands of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 [keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2], TNF receptor 1 and 2 (TNF), and type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1α and IL-1β)-promote these sequelae. Human resistin, a pleiotropic hormone and cytokine, induces expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 (the human ortholog of murine KC and MIP-2), and TNF. Functional differences exist between human and murine resistin; yet given the aforementioned observations, we hypothesized that murine resistin promotes O3-induced lung pathology by inducing expression of the same inflammatory cytokines as human resistin. Consequently, we examined indexes of O3-induced lung pathology in wild-type and resistin-deficient mice following acute exposure to either filtered room air or O3. In wild-type mice, O3 increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) resistin. Furthermore, O3 increased lung tissue or BALF IL-1α, IL-6, KC, TNF, macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells in wild-type and resistin-deficient mice. With the exception of KC, which was significantly greater in resistin-deficient compared with wild-type mice, no genotype-related differences in the other indexes existed following O3 exposure. O3 caused AHR to acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride (methacholine) in wild-type and resistin-deficient mice. However, genotype-related differences in airway responsiveness to methacholine were nonexistent subsequent to O3 exposure. Taken together, these data demonstrate that murine resistin is increased in the lungs of wild-type mice following acute O3 exposure but does not promote O3-induced lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla S Razvi
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy B Richards
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Farhan Malik
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin R Cromar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Roger E Price
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cynthia S Bell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Constance L Atkins
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantal Y Spencer
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine J Cockerill
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy L Alexander
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Ikram U Haque
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard A Johnston
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
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35
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Johnstone CN, Chand A, Putoczki TL, Ernst M. Emerging roles for IL-11 signaling in cancer development and progression: Focus on breast cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015. [PMID: 26209885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines that is defined by the shared use of the GP130 signal transducing receptor subunit. In addition of its long recognized activities as a hemopoietic growth factor, IL-11 has an emerging role in epithelial cancer biology. Through the activation of the GP130-Janus kinase signaling cascade and associated transcription factor STAT3, IL-11 can confer many of the tumor intrinsic 'hallmark' capabilities to neoplastic cells, if they express the ligand-specific IL-11Rα receptor subunit. Accordingly, IL-11 signaling has recently been identified as a rate-limiting step for the growth tumors arising from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. However, there is less appreciation for a potential role of IL-11 to support breast cancer progression, apart from its well documented capacity to facilitate bone metastasis. Here we review evidence that IL-11 expression in breast cancer correlates with poor disease outcome and discuss some of the molecular mechanisms that are likely to underpin these observations. These include the capacity of IL-11 to stimulate survival and proliferation of cancer cells alongside angiogenesis of the primary tumor and of metastatic progenies at distant organs. We review current strategies to interfere with IL-11 signaling and advocate that inhibition of IL-11 signaling may represent an emerging therapeutic opportunity for numerous cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Johnstone
- Cancer & Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Level 5, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Ashwini Chand
- Cancer & Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Level 5, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Inflammation Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer & Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Level 5, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
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Putoczki TL, Dobson RCJ, Griffin MDW. The structure of human interleukin-11 reveals receptor-binding site features and structural differences from interleukin-6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:2277-85. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714012267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is a multifunctional member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Recombinant human IL-11 is administered as a standard clinical treatment for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopaenia. Recently, a new role for IL-11 signalling as a potent driver of gastrointestinal cancers has been identified, and it has been demonstrated to be a novel therapeutic target for these diseases. Here, the crystal structure of human IL-11 is reported and the structural resolution of residues previously identified as important for IL-11 activity is presented. While IL-11 is thought to signalviaa complex analogous to that of IL-6, comparisons show important differences between the two cytokines and it is suggested that IL-11 engages GP130 differently to IL-6. In addition to providing a structural platform for further study of IL-11, these data offer insight into the binding interactions of IL-11 with each of its receptors and the structural mechanisms underlying agonist and antagonist variants of the protein.
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Taniguchi K, Karin M. IL-6 and related cytokines as the critical lynchpins between inflammation and cancer. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:54-74. [PMID: 24552665 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in cancer development, including tumor initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Cytokines are now recognized as important mediators linking inflammation and cancer, and are therefore potential therapeutic and preventive targets as well as prognostic factors. The interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-11, is highly up-regulated in many cancers and considered as one of the most important cytokine families during tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review discusses molecular mechanisms linking the IL-6 cytokine family to solid malignancies and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Putoczki TL, Thiem S, Loving A, Busuttil RA, Wilson NJ, Ziegler PK, Nguyen PM, Preaudet A, Farid R, Edwards KM, Boglev Y, Luwor RB, Jarnicki A, Horst D, Boussioutas A, Heath JK, Sieber OM, Pleines I, Kile BT, Nash A, Greten FR, McKenzie BS, Ernst M. Interleukin-11 is the dominant IL-6 family cytokine during gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and can be targeted therapeutically. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:257-71. [PMID: 23948300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the cytokines linked to inflammation-associated cancer, interleukin (IL)-6 drives many of the cancer "hallmarks" through downstream activation of the gp130/STAT3 signaling pathway. However, we show that the related cytokine IL-11 has a stronger correlation with elevated STAT3 activation in human gastrointestinal cancers. Using genetic mouse models, we reveal that IL-11 has a more prominent role compared to IL-6 during the progression of sporadic and inflammation-associated colon and gastric cancers. Accordingly, in these models and in human tumor cell line xenograft models, pharmacologic inhibition of IL-11 signaling alleviated STAT3 activation, suppressed tumor cell proliferation, and reduced the invasive capacity and growth of tumors. Our results identify IL-11 signaling as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Putoczki
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION STAT3 is a key transcription factor for many regulatory factors that modulate gene transcription. Particularly important are cytokines and growth factors that maintain homeostasis by regulating immunocytes, stromal and epithelial cells. Dysregulation of STAT3 by constitutive activation plays an important role in the initiation of inflammation and cellular transformation in numerous cancers, especially of epithelial origin. This review focuses on STAT3 drive in gastric cancer initiation and progression, with emphasis on its activation by cytokines, and how targeting the primary drivers or gastric STAT3 therapeutically may prevent or slow stomach cancer development. AREAS COVERED This review will discuss the mechanics of STAT3 signalling, how constitutive STAT3 activation promotes gastric tumourigenesis in both human adenocarcinomas and mouse models, the nature of the upstream regulators of STAT3, and their association with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection, STAT3-activated genes that promote transformation and progression, and finally the development and use of STAT3 and upstream cytokine inhibitors as therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Chronic STAT3 activation is a key event in gastric cancer induction and progression. Specific targeting of stomach epithelial STAT3 or blocking IL-11Rα/gp130 and/or EGFR signal transduction in chronic gastric inflammation and metaplasia may be therapeutically effective in preventing gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Giraud
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Childrens Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
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Lay V, Yap J, Sonderegger S, Dimitriadis E. Interleukin 11 regulates endometrial cancer cell adhesion and migration via STAT3. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:759-64. [PMID: 22614117 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy. There is however a lack of curative therapies, especially for patients diagnosed with late stage, recurrent or aggressive disease, who have a poor prognosis. Interleukin (IL) 11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a role in a number of cancers including colon and breast cancer. IL11 was recently found to be upregulated in endometrial cancers, however the function of IL11 in endometrial cancer is not known. This study aimed to determine the effects of IL11 on endometrial cancer cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. Three endometrial cancer cell lines, Ishikawa, HEC-1A and AN3CA (derived from endometrial cancers grade I, II and III, respectively), were used to determine the effect of IL11 on endometrial cancer cell function. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by BrdU and Wst-1 assays. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen I and IV, vitronectin and laminin was assessed. Modified boyden chambers were utilized to access IL11 action on migration and invasion, respectively. The specific effect of IL11 action on these processes was determined using a unique IL11 inhibitor. IL11 phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 protein abundance in all 3 cell lines but had no effect on pERK and pAKT abundance. Similarly, IL11 had no effect on cell proliferation and viability but increased adhesion of ANC3A cells to fibronectin while having no effect on the other extracellular matrix proteins. IL11 did not alter the adhesive properties of the Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells. In the AN3CA cells, IL11 treatment resulted in a 50% increase in migration and co-treatment with the specific IL11 inhibitor or a STAT3 inhibitor abolished the effect. This study shows a role for IL11 in endometrial cancer and suggests IL11 may be involved in endometrial cancer development and thus may be useful as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lay
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Lecureur V, Arzel M, Ameziane S, Houlbert N, Le Vee M, Jouneau S, Fardel O. MAPK- and PKC/CREB-dependent induction of interleukin-11 by the environmental contaminant formaldehyde in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology 2012; 292:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Jansen van Vuren P, Tiemessen CT, Paweska JT. Anti-nucleocapsid protein immune responses counteract pathogenic effects of Rift Valley fever virus infection in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25027. [PMID: 21949840 PMCID: PMC3174991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The known virulence factor of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), the NSs protein, counteracts the antiviral effects of the type I interferon response. In this study we evaluated the expression of several genes in the liver and spleen involved in innate and adaptive immunity of mice immunized with a RVFV recombinant nucleocapsid protein (recNP) combined with Alhydrogel adjuvant and control animals after challenge with wild type RVFV. Mice immunized with recNP elicited an earlier IFNβ response after challenge compared to non-immunized controls. In the acute phase of liver infection in non-immunized mice there was a massive upregulation of type I and II interferon, accompanied by high viral titers, and the up- and downregulation of several genes involved in the activation of B- and T-cells, indicating that both humoral and cellular immunity is modulated during RVFV infection. Various genes involved in pro-inflammatory responses and with pro-apoptotic effects were strongly upregulated and anti-apoptotic genes were downregulated in liver of non-immunized mice. Expression of many genes involved in B- and T-cell immunity were downregulated in spleen of non-immunized mice but normal in immunized mice. A strong bias towards apoptosis and inflammation in non-immunized mice at an acute stage of liver infection associated with suppression of several genes involved in activation of humoral and cellular immunity in spleen, suggests that RVFV evades the host immune response in more ways than only by inhibition of type I interferon, and that immunopathology of the liver plays a crucial role in RVF disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Jansen van Vuren
- Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- Division Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- Division Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Cell Biology/AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Janusz T. Paweska
- Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- Division Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Homer RJ, Elias JA, Lee CG, Herzog E. Modern concepts on the role of inflammation in pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011; 135:780-8. [PMID: 21631273 DOI: 10.5858/2010-0296-ra.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a uniformly lethal disease with limited biomarkers and no proven therapeutic intervention short of lung transplantation. Pulmonary fibrosis at one time was thought to be a result of inflammation in the lung. Although some forms of pulmonary fibrosis may result from inflammation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is currently thought to result from cell death primarily and inflammation secondarily. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of inflammation in pulmonary fibrosis in light of our laboratory's published and unpublished research and published literature. DATA SOURCES Review based on our laboratory's published and unpublished experimental data with relevant background and clinical context provided. CONCLUSIONS Although cell death is central to pulmonary fibrosis, the proper cytokine environment leading to macrophage polarization is also critical. Evaluation of this environment is promising both for the development of disease biomarkers and for targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8070, USA.
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Kapina MA, Shepelkova GS, Avdeenko VG, Guseva AN, Kondratieva TK, Evstifeev VV, Apt AS. Interleukin-11 drives early lung inflammation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in genetically susceptible mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21878. [PMID: 21789190 PMCID: PMC3137601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-11 is multifunctional cytokine whose physiological role in the lungs during pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is poorly understood. Here, using in vivo administration of specific antibodies against IL-11, we demonstrate for the first time that blocking IL-11 diminishes histopathology and neutrophilic infiltration of the lung tissue in TB-infected genetically susceptible mice. Antibody treatment decreased the pulmonary levels of IL-11 and other key inflammatory cytokines not belonging to the Th1 axis, and down-regulated IL-11 mRNA expression. This suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop at the transcriptional level, which is further supported by up-regulation of IL-11 mRNA expression in the presence of rIL-11 in in vitro cultures of lung cells. These findings imply a pathogenic role for IL-11 during the early phase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-triggered disease in a genetically susceptible host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Kapina
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim G. Avdeenko
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna N. Guseva
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander S. Apt
- Department of Immunology, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Ma B, Dela Cruz CS, Hartl D, Kang MJ, Takyar S, Homer RJ, Lee CG, Elias JA. RIG-like helicase innate immunity inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor tissue responses via a type I IFN-dependent mechanism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1322-35. [PMID: 21278304 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201008-1276oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates vascular, inflammatory, remodeling, and cell death responses. It plays a critical role in normal pulmonary physiology, and VEGF excess and deficiency have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively. Although viruses are an important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and innate responses play an important role in these exacerbations, the effects of antiviral responses on VEGF homeostasis have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that antiviral innate immunity regulates VEGF tissue responses. METHODS We compared the effects of transgenic VEGF(165) in mice treated with viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], mice treated with live virus, and control mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Transgenic VEGF stimulated angiogenesis, edema, inflammation, and mucin accumulation. Each of these was abrogated by poly(I:C). These inhibitory effects were dose dependent, noted when poly(I:C) was administered before and after transgene activation, and mediated by a Toll-like receptor-3-independent and RIG-like helicase (RLH)- and type I IFN receptor-dependent pathway. VEGF stimulated the expression of VEGF receptor-1 and poly(I:C) inhibited this stimulation. Poly(I:C) also inhibited the ability of VEGF to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1, Akt, focal adhesion kinase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and aeroallergen-induced adaptive helper T-cell type 2 inflammation. Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus also inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that poly(I:C) and respiratory viruses inhibit VEGF-induced tissue responses and adaptive helper T-cell type 2 inflammation and highlight the importance of a RLH- and type I IFN receptor-dependent pathway(s) in these regulatory events. They define a novel link between VEGF and antiviral and RLH innate immune responses and a novel pathway that regulates pulmonary VEGF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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46
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Yanaka S, 谷 中, Sano E, 佐 野, Naruse N, 成 瀬, Miura KI, 三 浦, Futatsumori-Sugai M, 二 ツ, Caaveiro JMM, Tsumoto K, 津 本. Non-core region modulates interleukin-11 signaling activity: generation of agonist and antagonist variants. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:8085-8093. [PMID: 21138838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.152561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-11 (hIL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine administered to patients with low platelet counts. From a structural point of view hIL-11 belongs to the long-helix cytokine superfamily, which is characterized by a conserved core motif consisting of four α-helices. We have investigated the region of hIL-11 that does not belong to the α-helical bundle motif, and that for the purpose of brevity we have termed "non-core region." The primary sequence of the interleukin was altered at various locations within the non-core region by introducing glycosylation sites. Functional consequences of these modifications were examined in cell-based as well as biophysical assays. Overall, the data indicated that the non-core region modulates the function of hIL-11 in two ways. First, the majority of muteins displayed enhanced cell-stimulatory properties (superagonist behavior) in a glycosylation-dependent manner, suggesting that the non-core region is biologically designed to limit the full potential of hIL-11. Second, specific modification of a predicted mini α-helix led to cytokine inactivation, demonstrating that this putative structural element belongs to site III engaging a second copy of cell-receptor gp130. These findings have unveiled new and unexpected elements modulating the biological activity of hIL-11, which may be exploited to develop more versatile medications based on this important cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yanaka
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - 中冴子 谷
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - Emiko Sano
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
| | - 野恵海子 佐
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
| | | | - 瀬紀男 成
- Proteios Inc., Kamakura, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Kin-Ichiro Miura
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - 浦謹一郎 三
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | | | - ツ森ー菅井睦美 二
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and
| | - Jose M M Caaveiro
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and.
| | - 本浩平 津
- From the Department of Medical Genome Science, School of Frontier Sciences, and; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562 and
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Putoczki T, Ernst M. More than a sidekick: the IL-6 family cytokine IL-11 links inflammation to cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:1109-17. [PMID: 20610798 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0410226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-11, a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, exerts pleiotropic activities by stimulating hemopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, regulating macrophage differentiation, and conferring mucosal protection in the intestine. These effects are mediated by a multimeric complex comprising the ligand-binding IL-11Rα and the ubiquitously expressed gp130R β-subunit, which together, trigger intracellular signaling and engagement of Stat3. In turn, activated Stat3 promotes cell survival and proliferation as well as immune responses associated with inflammatory diseases and tumor progression. IL-6 and IL-11 compete for interaction with gp130, resulting in tissue-specific functions depending on the expression patterns of their respective α-subunit receptors. Although traditionally, IL-6 has been associated with aberrant Stat3 activation and associated pathologies, here, we discuss newly emerging roles for IL-11 in linking inflammation to cancer progression. We propose that in light of the recurrence of persistent STAT3 activation and elevated IL-11 expression in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal cancers in humans, inhibition of Stat3 or pharmacologically, more amenable upstream molecules such as IL-11 may represent novel, therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Putoczki
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Cytokine signalling via gp130 in gastric cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1623-33. [PMID: 19665497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signalling pathways that depend on gp130 are dysregulated in several epithelial cancers including gastric cancer. It has been established that blockade of SHP2 activation of MAPK signalling results in hyperactivation of STAT3 resulting in increased cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation and inhibition of both immunocyte and epithelial cell apoptosis. Additionally, key genes regulated downstream of gp130 via MAPK activation such as the stomach-specific tumor suppressor gene tff1 are suppressed, contributing to the oncogenic outcome. The main cytokine driver of gp130 signalling in the stomach is IL-11, with IL-6 having little activity in the antral stomach in which most pathology initiates. IL-11 is up-regulated in both mouse and human gastric cancer and in pre-neoplastic mucosa. A characteristic gene signature specifically associated with IL-11 drive has been observed, although the prognostic value of the signature has not yet been assessed. Infection of human or mouse stomach with Helicobacter pylori, especially that expressing the CagA cytotoxin, produces constitutive MAPK activation, but also activated STAT3 and increases IL-11 expression. The possibility of designing and utilising small molecule inhibitors of either IL-11 or STAT3 activation may be worthwhile in developing new cancer therapeutics.
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Abstract
Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose, consist exoskeleton of lower organisms such as fungi, crustaceans and insects except mammals. Recently, several studies evaluated immunologic effects of chitin in vivo and in vitro and revealed new aspects of chitin regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been shown that exogenous chitin activates macrophages and other innate immune cells and also modulates adaptive type 2 allergic inflammation. These studies further demonstrate that chitin stimulate macrophages by interacting with different cell surface receptors such as macrophage mannose receptor, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1, and leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT1). On the other hand, a number of chitinase or chitinase-like proteins (C/CLP) are ubiquitously expressed in the airways and intestinal tracts from insects to mammals. In general, these chitinase family proteins confer protective functions to the host against exogenous chitin-containing pathogens. However, substantial body of recent studies also set light on new roles of C/CLP in the development and progression of allergic inflammation and tissue remodeling. In this review, recent findings on the role of chitin and C/CLP in allergic inflammation and tissue remodeling will be highlighted and controversial and unsolved issues in this field of studies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Geun Lee
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
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50
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Kawaguchi M, Fujita J, Kokubu F, Huang SK, Homma T, Matsukura S, Adachi M, Hizawa N. IL-17F-induced IL-11 release in bronchial epithelial cells via MSK1-CREB pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L804-10. [PMID: 19251839 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90607.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17F is involved in asthma, but its biological function and signaling pathway have not been fully elucidated. IL-11 is clearly expressed in the airway of patients with allergic airway diseases such as asthma and plays an important role in airway remodeling and inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the expression of IL-11 by IL-17F in bronchial epithelial cells. Bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in the presence or absence of IL-17F and/or Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) or various kinase inhibitors to analyze the expression of IL-11. Next, activation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK) 1 by IL-17F was investigated. Moreover, the effect of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting MSK1 and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) on IL-17F-induced IL-11 expression was investigated. IL-17F induced IL-11 expression, whereas the costimulation with IL-4 and IL-13 augmented this effect even further. MEK inhibitors PD-98059, U0126, and Raf1 kinase inhibitor I, significantly inhibited IL-11 production, whereas overexpression of a Raf1 dominant-negative mutant inhibited its expression. IL-17F clearly phosphorylated MSK1, whereas PD-98059 inhibited the phosphorylation of IL-17F-induced MSK1. Both MSK1 inhibitors Ro-31-8220 and H89 significantly blocked IL-11 expression. Moreover, transfection of the cells with siRNAs targeting MSK1 inhibited activation of CREB, and the siRNAs targeting MSK1 and CREB blocked expression of IL-11. These data suggest that IL-17F may be involved in airway inflammation and remodeling via the induction of IL-11, and RafI-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-MSK1-CREB is identified as a novel signaling pathway participating in this process. Therefore, the IL-17F/IL-11 axis may be a valuable therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058575, Japan.
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