1
|
Shilovskiy IP, Nikolskii AA, Timotievich ED, Kovchina VI, Vishnyakova LI, Yumashev KV, Vinogradova KV, Kaganova MM, Brylina VE, Tyulyubaev VV, Rusak TE, Dyneva ME, Kurbacheva OM, Kudlay DA, Khaitov MR. IL-4 regulates neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Cytokine 2024; 178:156563. [PMID: 38479048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in asthmatics substantially exacerbates the severity of the disease leading to resistance to conventional corticosteroid therapy. Many studies established the involvement of Th1- and Th17-cells and cytokines produced by them (IFNg, IL-17A, IL-17F etc.) in neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies revealed that IL-4 - a Th2-cytokine regulates neutrophil effector functions and migration. It was showed that IL-4 substantially reduces neutrophilic inflammation of the skin in a mouse model of cutaneous bacterial infection and blood neutrophilia in a mouse model systemic bacterial infection. However, there are no data available regarding the influence of IL-4 on non-infectious pulmonary inflammation. In the current study we investigated the effects of IL-4 in a previously developed mouse model of neutrophilic bronchial asthma. We showed that systemic administration of IL-4 significantly restricts neutrophilic inflammation of the respiratory tract probably through the suppression of Th1-/Th17-immune responses and downregulation of CXCR2. Additionally, pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation could be alleviated by IL-4-dependant polarization of N2 neutrophils and M2 macrophages, expressing anti-inflammatory TGFβ. Considering these, IL-4 might be used for reduction of exaggerated pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and overcoming corticosteroid insensitivity of asthma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I P Shilovskiy
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - A A Nikolskii
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E D Timotievich
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V I Kovchina
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L I Vishnyakova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K V Yumashev
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K V Vinogradova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin» of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 109472, 23, Academician Scriabin St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M M Kaganova
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin» of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 109472, 23, Academician Scriabin St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V E Brylina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin» of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 109472, 23, Academician Scriabin St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V V Tyulyubaev
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 119991, 2/4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - T E Rusak
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 119991, 2/4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M E Dyneva
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O M Kurbacheva
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Kudlay
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M R Khaitov
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997, 1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Tang SC, Jin L. Adverse events of anti-IL-5 drugs in patients with eosinophilic asthma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence-based assessments. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:70. [PMID: 38308249 PMCID: PMC10837872 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to clarify comprehensively the safety profiles of anti-IL-5 drugs and pinpoint potential safety concerns that may arise in their post-marketing phase. METHODS Two researchers conducted comprehensive searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2022. Additionally, we investigated the FDA AE Reporting System for post-marketing adverse event (AE) reports related to anti-IL-5 drugs. The outcomes fulfilled the proportional reporting rate criteria and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network. RESULTS We included 24 published studies in our analysis. The anti-IL-5 treatment group showed an incidence of AEs comparable to the placebo group, and it exhibited a significantly lower frequency of serious AEs. Common AEs were asthma, nasopharyngitis, headache, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and bronchitis. The post-marketing data included 28,478 case reports associated with the suspect drugs and 75 suspect safety observations affecting 16 system organ classes. New suspect observations included incomplete therapeutic product effect, URTIs, and pulmonary mass in reports related to mepolizumab. Reports associated with mepolizumab and benralizumab also indicated issues with incorrect technique in device usage and product issues. CONCLUSIONS Individual anti-IL-5 drugs' safety profiles largely matched their product inserts. We identified issues like improper device usage, product issue, and URTIs as potential concerns for mepolizumab and benralizumab. Additionally, all anti-IL-5 drugs showed signs of incomplete therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shi-Chao Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng Y, Sun D, Zou L, Li S, Tang L, Yu X, Tang B, Wu Y, Fang H. Elucidation of the mechanisms and molecular targets of KeChuanLiuWei-Mixture for treatment of severe asthma based on network pharmacology. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1034-1049. [PMID: 37574823 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
KeChuanLiuWei-Mixture (KCLW) is widely used as a Chinese medicine prescription to treat severe asthma. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of KCLW remains unclear. In this study, a network pharmacology method was used to identify the chemical constituents of KCLW by the TCMSP database and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differential expression identification, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis were used to screen key targets of KCLW for severe asthma. Our results confirmed that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and wogonin are the most critical active ingredients in KCLW. Moreover, the 16 relevant severe asthma-related targets of KCLW were obtained by overlapping the PPI networks of the KCLW putative targets and severe asthma-related genes, among which the most important targets were IL-6, NOS2, VEGFA, CXCL2, and PLAT. Functionally, the 16-targets and their interacting differentially expressed genes were primarily related to biological functions and pathways related to immunity and inflammation, such as inflammatory response, T cell differentiation, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. KCLW inhibited inflammation in PDGF-BB-induced airway smooth muscle cells. In summary, this study demonstrates the active substance and potential therapeutic mechanism of KCLW in severe asthma, and offers a clinical direction for KCLW against severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Cheng
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Teaching and Practising Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binqing Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingen Wu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Prevention and Health Care Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muhamad SA, Safuan S, Stanslas J, Wan Ahmad WAN, Bushra SMR, Nurul AA. Lignosus rhinocerotis extract ameliorates airway inflammation and remodelling via attenuation of TGF-β1 and Activin A in a prolonged induced allergic asthma model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18442. [PMID: 37891170 PMCID: PMC10611742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is associated with chronic airway inflammation and progressive airway remodelling. The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger Milk mushroom) is used traditionally to treat various illnesses, including asthma in Southeast Asia. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of L. rhinocerotis extract (LRE) on airway inflammation and remodelling in a chronic model of asthma. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of LRE on airway inflammation and remodelling in prolonged allergen challenged model in allergic asthma. Female Balb/C mice were sensitised using ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0 and 7, followed by OVA-challenged (3 times/week) for 2, 6 and 10 weeks. LRE (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) were administered by oral gavage one hour after every challenge. One group of mice were left untreated after the final challenge for two weeks. LRE suppressed inflammatory cells and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) in BALF and reduced IgE level in the serum. LRE also attenuated eosinophils infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lung tissues; as well as ameliorated airway remodelling by reducing smooth muscle thickness and reducing the expressions of TGF-β1 and Activin A positive cell in the lung tissues. LRE attenuated airway inflammation and remodelling in the prolonged allergen challenge of allergic asthma model. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of LRE as an alternative for the management of allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti-Aminah Muhamad
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Asma Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siddiqui S, Bachert C, Bjermer L, Buchheit KM, Castro M, Qin Y, Rupani H, Sagara H, Howarth P, Taillé C. Eosinophils and tissue remodeling: Relevance to airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:841-857. [PMID: 37343842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of human tissue to reorganize and restore its existing structure underlies tissue homeostasis in the healthy airways, but in disease can persist without normal resolution, leading to an altered airway structure. Eosinophils play a cardinal role in airway remodeling both in health and disease, driving epithelial homeostasis and extracellular matrix turnover. Physiological consequences associated with eosinophil-driven remodeling include impaired lung function and reduced bronchodilator reversibility in asthma, and obstructed airflow in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Given the contribution of airway remodeling to the development and persistence of symptoms in airways disease, targeting remodeling is an important therapeutic consideration. Indeed, there is early evidence that eosinophil attenuation may reduce remodeling and disease progression in asthma. This review provides an overview of tissue remodeling in both health and airway disease with a particular focus on eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, as well as the role of eosinophils in these processes and the implications for therapeutic interventions. Areas for future research are also noted, to help improve our understanding of the homeostatic and pathological roles of eosinophils in tissue remodeling, which should aid the development of targeted and effective treatments for eosinophilic diseases of the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Siddiqui
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany; First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine, and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Diseases Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, NC
| | - Yimin Qin
- Global Medical Affairs, Global Specialty and Primary Care, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Hitasha Rupani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Howarth
- Global Medical, Global Specialty and Primary Care, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Taillé
- Pneumology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1152, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali NH, Rehman S, Naqvi M, Gulati K, Ray A. Modulation of Immunological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Changes of Airway Remodeling by Withania somnifera in an Experimental Model of Allergic Asthma in Rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:158-166. [PMID: 37405114 PMCID: PMC10315884 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Airway remodeling in asthma involves chronic inflammation associated with structural changes, which result in severe airflow limitation and very few therapeutic options. Thus, the present study was designed to experimentally evaluate the ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera (WS) root extract against Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway remodeling in a rat model of asthma. Methods Wistar rats were immunized (i.p) and challenged (aerosol) with ovalbumin (OVA), and the effects of WS extract were investigated on the development and progress of airway remodeling by assessing immunological, biochemical, and histological changes in these rats. Results OVA-immunization and challenge in rats resulted in significant increases in the levels of IL-13, 8-OhdG, TGF-β, hydroxyproline, and periostin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum/lung homogenate compared to normal control (saline only) rats, and these changes were attenuated after WS extract (200 and 400 mg/kg), as well as dexamethasone (DEX, 1 mg/kg) pretreatments. Further, WS extract attenuated histopathological changes and maintained lung integrity. In herb-drug interactions, sub-threshold doses of WS extract and DEX showed synergistic effects on all parameters studied as compared to either form of monotherapy. Conclusion These results indicated that WS exerted significant protective effects against airway remodeling in the experimental model by modulating inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines, and could have the potential for developing a therapeutic alternative/adjunct for the treatment of airway remodeling of bronchial asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafaa Hasan Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maaz Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Gulati
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arunabha Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bajbouj K, AbuJabal R, Sahnoon L, Olivenstein R, Mahboub B, Hamid Q. IL-5 receptor expression in lung fibroblasts: Potential role in airway remodeling in asthma. Allergy 2023; 78:882-885. [PMID: 36575907 DOI: 10.1111/all.15627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rola AbuJabal
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Sahnoon
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ronald Olivenstein
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency induces airway remodeling in a mouse model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:431-446.e16. [PMID: 36243221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial cells (AECs) with impaired barrier function contribute to airway remodeling through the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal trophic units (EMTUs). Although the decreased expression of ITGB4 in AECs is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, how ITGB4 deficiency impacts airway remodeling remains obscure. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the effect of epithelial ITGB4 deficiency on the barrier function of AECs, asthma susceptibility, airway remodeling, and EMTU activation. METHODS AEC-specific ITGB4 conditional knockout mice (ITGB4-/-) were generated and an asthma model was employed by the sensitization and challenge of house dust mite (HDM). EMTU activation-related growth factors were examined in ITGB4-silenced primary human bronchial epithelial cells of healthy subjects after HDM stimulation. Dexamethasone, the inhibitors of JNK phosphorylation or FGF2 were administered for the identification of the molecular mechanisms of airway remodeling in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice. RESULTS ITGB4 deficiency in AECs enhanced asthma susceptibility and airway remodeling by disrupting airway epithelial barrier function. Aggravated airway remodeling in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice was induced through the enhanced activation of EMTU mediated by Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent transcription factor/FGF2 (SHP2/JNK/c-Jun/FGF2) signaling pathway, which was partially independent of airway inflammation. Both JNK and FGF2 inhibitors significantly inhibited the aggravated airway remodeling and EMTU activation in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency induces airway remodeling in a mouse model of asthma through enhanced EMTU activation that is regulated by the SHP2/JNK/c-Jun/FGF2 pathway.
Collapse
|
9
|
Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
Collapse
|
10
|
Busse WW, Viswanathan R. What has been learned by cytokine targeting of asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:235-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Sharif M, Anjum I, Shabbir A, Mushtaq MN. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Aerva lanata in ovalbumin induced allergic asthmatic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115087. [PMID: 35143934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aerva lanata Linn. (A. lanata) is traditionally used for cough, sore throat and asthma. AIM OF STUDY The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potentials of A. lanata in allergic asthmatic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were administered with three different (methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate) extracts of A. lanata two weeks after immunization with ovalbumin and continued for 7 days. Inflammatory cells count was estimated in blood and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). RT-PCR was used to find out mRNA expression levels of inflammatory mediators. GC-MS analysis was also carried out. RESULTS Among three extracts of A. lanata, ethyl acetate extract ameliorated (p < 0.001) count of inflammatory cells both blood and BALF remarkably. This study indicated that ethyl acetate extract of A. lanata lowered (p < 0.001) the level of inflammatory modulator TNF-α and IgE antibodies. A. lanata reduced (p < 0.001) interleukin 4, 5, 13 and enhanced (p < 0.001) expression levels of AQP1 and AQP5 in asthmatic mice. GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate fraction indicated the presence of various anti-oxidant phyto-constituents. The groups treated with A. lanata improved inflammatory, goblet cells hyperplasia scoring and alveolar thickening. CONCLUSIONS The anti-asthmatic effect of A. lanata might be contributed by the suppression of edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines and IgE antibodies, and elevation of aquaporin expression levels, suggesting future study and clinical trials to propose it as a candidate to treat allergic asthma. The anti-oxidant phytochemicals present in A. lanata might be responsible for such potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mishra A, Majid D, Kandikattu HK, Yadavalli CS, Upparahalli Venkateshaiah S. Role of IL-18-transformed CD274-expressing eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in experimental asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:1165-1179. [PMID: 34800294 DOI: 10.1111/all.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-5-dependent residential and IL-18-transformed pathogenic eosinophils have been reported; however, the role of IL-18-transformed CD274-expressing pathogenic eosinophils compared to IL-5-generated eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in asthma has not yet been examined. METHODS Eosinophils are detected by tissue anti-MBP and anti-EPX immunostaining, CD274 expression by flow cytometry, and airway resistance using the Buxco FinePointe RC system. RESULTS We show that A. fumigatus-challenged wild-type mice, and different gene-deficient mice including naïve CC10-IL-18-transgenic mice, accumulate mostly peribronchial and perivascular CD274-expressing eosinophils except naïve CD2-IL-5-transgenic mice. Additionally, we show that CD2-IL-5 transgenic mice following rIL-18 treatment accumulate high number of CD274-expressing perivascular and peribronchial eosinophils with induced collagen, goblet cell hyperplasia and airway resistance compared to saline-challenged CD2-IL5 transgenic mice. Furthermore, we also show that even A. fumigatus-challenged IL-5 -/- mice and rIL-18 given ΔdblGATA mice accumulate CD274-expressing eosinophil-associated asthma pathogenesis including airway obstruction. Most importantly, we provide evidence that neutralization of CD274 and IL-18 in A. fumigatus-challenged mice ameliorate experimental asthma. Taken together, the data presented are clinically significant in establishing that anti-IL-18 neutralization is a novel immunotherapy to restrict asthma pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that IL-18 is critical for inducing asthma pathogenesis, and neutralization of CD274 is a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mishra
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Dewan Majid
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Yadavalli
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| | - Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Center (TEDC) Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisina USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim MY, Jo EJ, Kim S, Kim MH, Jung JW, Kim JH, Moon JY, Kwon JW, Lee JH, Park CS, Jin HJ, Shin YS, Kim SH, Cho YJ, Park JW, Cho SH, Kim TB, Park HK. Association Between Clinical Burden and Blood Eosinophil Counts in Asthma: Findings From a Korean Adult Asthma Cohort. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e57. [PMID: 35191233 PMCID: PMC8860771 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some reports have suggested that the clinical and economic burdens of asthma are associated with blood eosinophil levels. The association between clinical burden and blood eosinophil counts were evaluated in a Korean adult asthma cohort. METHODS Clinical information including blood eosinophil counts that were not affected by systemic corticosteroids were extracted from the Cohort for Reality and Evolution of Adult Asthma in Korea database. Clinical burden was defined as 1) asthma control status, 2) medication demand and 3) acute exacerbation (AE) events during 1 consecutive year after enrollment. All patients were divided into atopic and non-atopic asthmatics. The associations between asthma outcomes and the blood eosinophil count were evaluated. RESULTS In total, 302 patients (124 atopic and 178 non-atopic asthmatics) were enrolled. In all asthmatics, the risk of severe AE was higher in patients with blood eosinophil levels < 100 cells/µL than in patients with levels ≥ 100 cells/µL (odds ratio [OR], 5.406; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.266-23.078; adjusted P = 0.023). Among atopic asthmatics, the risk of moderate AE was higher in patients with blood eosinophil levels ≥ 300 cells/µL than in patients with levels < 300 cells/µL (OR, 3.558; 95% CI, 1.083-11.686; adjusted P = 0.036). Among non-atopic asthmatics, the risk of medication of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) steps 4 or 5 was higher in patients with high blood eosinophil levels than in patients with low blood eosinophil levels at cutoffs of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 cells/µL. CONCLUSION The baseline blood eosinophil count may predict the future clinical burden of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abe Y, Suga Y, Fukushima K, Ohata H, Niitsu T, Nabeshima H, Nagahama Y, Kida H, Kumanogoh A. Advances and Challenges of Antibody Therapeutics for Severe Bronchial Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010083. [PMID: 35008504 PMCID: PMC8744863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a disease that consists of three main components: airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Persistent airway inflammation leads to the destruction and degeneration of normal airway tissues, resulting in thickening of the airway wall, decreased reversibility, and increased airway hyperresponsiveness. The progression of irreversible airway narrowing and the associated increase in airway hyperresponsiveness are major factors in severe asthma. This has led to the identification of effective pharmacological targets and the recognition of several biomarkers that enable a more personalized approach to asthma. However, the efficacies of current antibody therapeutics and biomarkers are still unsatisfactory in clinical practice. The establishment of an ideal phenotype classification that will predict the response of antibody treatment is urgently needed. Here, we review recent advancements in antibody therapeutics and novel findings related to the disease process for severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.); (H.O.); (T.N.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yasuhiko Suga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.); (H.O.); (T.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Kiyoharu Fukushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.); (H.O.); (T.N.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-6-6879-3831
| | - Hayase Ohata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.); (H.O.); (T.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Takayuki Niitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.); (H.O.); (T.N.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nagahama
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical Centre, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0852, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (Y.S.); (H.O.); (T.N.); (A.K.)
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lourenço LO, Ribeiro AM, Lopes FDTQDS, Tibério IDFLC, Tavares-de-Lima W, Prado CM. Different Phenotypes in Asthma: Clinical Findings and Experimental Animal Models. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:240-263. [PMID: 34542807 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory allergic disease presenting a high prevalence worldwide, and it is responsible for several complications throughout life, including death. Fortunately, asthma is no longer recognized as a unique manifestation but as a very heterogenic manifestation. Its phenotypes and endotypes are known, respectively, as pathologic and molecular features that might not be directly associated with each other. The increasing number of studies covering this issue has brought significant insights and knowledge that are constantly expanding. In this review, we intended to summarize this new information obtained from clinical studies, which not only allowed for the creation of patient clusters by means of personalized medicine and a deeper molecular evaluation, but also created a connection with data obtained from experimental models, especially murine models. We gathered information regarding sensitization and trigger and emphasizing the most relevant phenotypes and endotypes, such as Th2-high asthma and Th2-low asthma, which included smoking and obesity-related asthma and mixed and paucigranulocytic asthma, not only in physiopathology and the clinic but also in how these phenotypes can be determined with relative similarity using murine models. We also further investigated how clinical studies have been treating patients using newly developed drugs focusing on specific biomarkers that are more relevant according to the patient's clinical manifestation of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Otávio Lourenço
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao J, Jiang T, Li P, Dai L, Shi G, Jing X, Gao S, Jia L, Wu S, Wang Y, Peng Y, Cheng Z. Tissue factor promotes airway pathological features through epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bronchial epithelial cells in mice with house dust mite-induced asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107690. [PMID: 33940323 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that expression levels of tissue factor (TF) are high in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with asthma. However, whether TF impacts airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TF in asthma airway inflammation and remodelling using a house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic asthma model and human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. A chronic asthma model was constructed in BALB/c mice by the intranasal instillation of HDM. Mice were treated with short hairpin TF (shTF), and airway inflammation and remodelling features of asthma and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed. 16HBE cells were induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and HDM in the presence or absence of shTF; then, EMT markers and invasion and migration ability were determined. TF expression increased in the lung tissue and 16HBE cells when exposed to HDM. TF downregulation in the lung significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil inflammation, the EMT process, and levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13, and TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. Moreover, TF downregulation inhibited migration and incursion and decreased the expression levels of fibronectin 1 and TGF-β1, but increased the expression of E-cadherin in HDM- and TGF-β1-stimulated 16HBE cells. These results demonstrated that TF promoted airway pathological features by enhancing the EMT of bronchial epithelial cells both in vitro and in mice with house dust mite-induced asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China.
| | - Tianci Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Lingling Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Jing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Shuhui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Liuqun Jia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan 450052, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Gogoi M, McKenzie AN. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Team Players in Regulating Asthma. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:167-198. [PMID: 33534604 PMCID: PMC7614118 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity helps protect the host from infection, but it also plays key roles in tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and repair. Unfortunately, inappropriate type 2 immune reactions may lead to allergy and asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs respond rapidly to local environmental cues, such as the release of epithelium-derived type 2 initiator cytokines/alarmins, producing type 2 effector cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to tissue damage and infection. ILC2s are associated with the severity of allergic asthma, and experimental models of lung inflammation have shown how they act as playmakers, receiving signals variously from stromal and immune cells as well as the nervous system and then distributing cytokine cues to elicit type 2 immune effector functions and potentiate CD4+ T helper cell activation, both of which characterize the pathology of allergic asthma. Recent breakthroughs identifying stromal- and neuronal-derived microenvironmental cues that regulate ILC2s, along with studies recognizing the potential plasticity of ILC2s, have improved our understanding of the immunoregulation of asthma and opened new avenues for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Andrew N.J. McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lessons learned from targeting eosinophils in human disease. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:459-475. [PMID: 33891135 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a minor subset of the granulocyte lineage distinguished by their unique morphology, phenotype, cytoplasmic contents, and function. Evolutionarily, these are ancient cells whose existence has been conserved within vertebrates for millions of years, suggesting that their contribution to innate immunity and other pathologic and homeostatic responses are important to the host. Knowledge regarding the role of eosinophils in health and disease took a leap forward in 2004 with the creation of mouse strains deficient in eosinophils. This advance was paralleled in humans using pharmacology, namely, with the development of drugs capable of selectively reducing and sometimes even eliminating human eosinophils in those receiving these agents. As a result, a more definitive picture of what eosinophils do, and do not do, is emerging. This review will summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of eosinophils in human disease by focusing mainly on data from clinical studies with anti-eosinophil therapies, even though the first of such agents, mepolizumab, was only approved in the USA in November 2015. Information regarding both efficacy and safety will be highlighted, and where relevant, intriguing data from animal models will also be mentioned, especially if there are conflicting effects seen in humans.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pham AK, Miller M, Rosenthal P, Das S, Weng N, Jang S, Kurten RC, Badrani J, Doherty TA, Oliver B, Broide DH. ORMDL3 expression in ASM regulates hypertrophy, hyperplasia via TPM1 and TPM4, and contractility. JCI Insight 2021; 6:136911. [PMID: 33661765 PMCID: PMC8119187 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) has strong genetic linkage to childhood onset asthma. To determine whether ORMDL3 selective expression in airway smooth muscle (ASM) influences ASM function, we used Cre-loxP techniques to generate transgenic mice (hORMDL3Myh11eGFP-cre), which express human ORMDL3 selectively in smooth muscle cells. In vitro studies of ASM cells isolated from the bronchi of hORMDL3Myh11eGFP-cre mice demonstrated that they developed hypertrophy (quantitated by FACS and image analysis), developed hyperplasia (assessed by BrdU incorporation), and expressed increased levels of tropomysin proteins TPM1 and TPM4. siRNA knockdown of TPM1 or TPM4 demonstrated their importance to ORMDL3-mediated ASM proliferation but not hypertrophy. In addition, ASM derived from hORMDL3Myh11eGFP-cre mice had increased contractility to histamine in vitro, which was associated with increased levels of intracellular Ca2+; increased cell surface membrane Orai1 Ca2+ channels, which mediate influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm; and increased expression of ASM contractile genes sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2b and smooth muscle 22. In vivo studies of hORMDL3Myh11eGFP-cre mice demonstrated that they had a spontaneous increase in ASM and airway hyperreactivity (AHR). ORMDL3 expression in ASM thus induces changes in ASM (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, increased contractility), which may explain the contribution of ORMDL3 to the development of AHR in childhood onset asthma, which is highly linked to ORMDL3 on chromosome 17q12-21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K. Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Peter Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ning Weng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sunghoon Jang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard C. Kurten
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jana Badrani
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Taylor A. Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David H. Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sobkowiak P, Narożna B, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Bręborowicz A, Szczepankiewicz A. Expression of proteins associated with airway fibrosis differs between children with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:2058738421990493. [PMID: 33626956 PMCID: PMC7922620 DOI: 10.1177/2058738421990493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) exhibit similar inflammatory
response in the airways. However, the remodelling is more extensive in the lower
airways, suggesting that the inflammation itself is not sufficient for allergic
phenotype. We aimed to analyse whether the expression of selected 27
inflammatory and fibrosis-related proteins may be altered in AR and AA in the
paediatric population and whether the expression pattern is either similar (due
to the inflammation) or disease-specific (due to the remodelling). We analysed
80 paediatric subjects: 39 with AA, 21 with AR and 20 healthy children. The
diagnosis of AR and AA was based on clinical manifestation, lung function,
positive skin prick tests and increased immunoglobulin E levels. Serum levels of
selected inflammatory proteins were measured with custom Magnetic Luminex Assay.
Statistical analysis was performed in Statistica v.13. CCL2/MCP1, GM-CSF, gp130
and periostin concentrations were significantly lower, whereas IL-5 levels were
higher in AA compared to the control group. CD-40L, CHI3L1/YKL-40, EGF, GM-CSF
and periostin levels were significantly decreased in patients with AR than in
the control group. Comparison of AA and AR patients revealed significant changes
in CHI3L1/YKL-40 (P = 0.021), IL-5
(P = 0.036), periostin (P = 0.013) and VEGFα
(P = 0.046). Significantly altered proteins were good
predictors to distinguish between AA and AR (P < 0.001, OR
46.00, accuracy 88.57%). Our results suggest that the expression of four
fibrotic proteins was significantly altered between AA and AR, suggesting
possible differences in airway remodelling between upper and lower airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sobkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narożna
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bręborowicz
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sciumè GD, Visaggi P, Sostilio A, Tarducci L, Pugno C, Frazzoni M, Ricchiuti A, Bellini M, Giannini EG, Marchi S, Savarino V, de Bortoli N. Eosinophilic esophagitis: novel concepts regarding pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:23-39. [PMID: 33435660 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic disease whose incidence and prevalence are increasing, based on a genetic-driven interaction between environment and immune system. Several gene loci involved in the development of the disease have been identified. A two-step mechanism has been hypothesized: a thymic stromal lymphopoietin-induced allergic sensitization followed by upregulation of CAPN14-related esophageal-specific pathways. Environment seems to have a larger effect than genetic variants. Factors that could play a role are allergens, drugs, colonizing bacteria and possibly Helicobacter Pylori infection. Acting on these modifiable risk factors may be a tool to prevent the disease. EoE is characterized by a typical eosinophilic infiltrate limited to the esophageal epithelium, supported by a Th2-mediated immune response, found in other atopic conditions. The key of the pathogenesis is the disfunction of the epithelial barrier which allow the interaction between allergens and inflammatory cells. Eosinophilic-predominant inflammation leads to the typical wall remodeling, histologically characterized by epithelial and smooth muscle hyperplasia, lamina propria fibrosis and neo-angiogenesis. These alterations find their clinical expression in the pattern of symptoms: dysphagia, food impaction, chest pain, heartburn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusi D Sciumè
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Visaggi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Sostilio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Tarducci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Pugno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzio Frazzoni
- Digestive Pathophysiology Unit, Baggiovara Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Angelo Ricchiuti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo G Giannini
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santino Marchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola de Bortoli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kogure Y, Kanda H, Wang S, Hao Y, Li J, Yamamoto S, Noguchi K, Dai Y. Daikenchuto attenuates visceral pain and suppresses eosinophil infiltration in inflammatory bowel disease in murine models. JGH Open 2020; 4:1146-1154. [PMID: 33319050 PMCID: PMC7731802 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Daikenchuto (DKT), a traditional Japanese formula, comprises four herbal medicines and is used for abdominal pain. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and is characterized by colonic inflammation and chronic abdominal pain. The present study aimed to investigate whether DKT suppresses colonic hypersensitivity and inflammation associated with IBD in animal models. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 4% sodium dextran sulfate (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfate (TNBS) in the colon to establish UC or CD models, respectively. DKT and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) were administered orally once a day from Days 3 to 7 after induction of colitis. On Day 7, visceral pain and inflammation were evaluated by measuring the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) and inflammatory indicators, including histological score, length of leukocyte infiltration, MPO activity, and eosinophil count. RESULTS DSS and TNBS increased VMR to CRD and the inflammation indicators. DKT, but not 5-ASA, suppressed the VMR to CRD in DSS- and TNBS-treated rats. DKT and 5-ASA decreased the eosinophil count in both IBD models. In DSS-treated rats, 5-ASA, but not DKT, suppressed the MPO activity. In TNBS-treated rats, neither 5-ASA nor DKT suppressed MPO activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DKT is beneficial for abdominal pain associated with IBD. The anti-inflammatory effect of DKT on IBD may involve inhibition of eosinophils. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of DKT partially differs from that of 5-ASA. Coapplication of DKT and conventional medicine may produce a positive synergy effect for IBD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kogure
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Traditional Medicine Research CenterChinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine (CMCIHCM)KobeJapan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM)BeijingChina
| | - Yongbiao Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Junxiang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineDongfang Hospital of BUCMBeijingChina
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
| | - Koichi Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of PharmacyHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Traditional Medicine Research CenterChinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine (CMCIHCM)KobeJapan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Z, Li L, Wang C, Piao Y, Jiang J, Li L, Yan G, Piao H. Recombinant Pyrin Domain Protein Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Alleviates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting Crosstalk Between TGFβ1 and Notch1 Signaling in Chronic Asthmatic Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:559470. [PMID: 33192556 PMCID: PMC7645102 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.559470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the effects of recombinant pyrin domain (RPYD) on airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with chronic asthma. The chronic asthma BALB/c mouse model was first sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged by OVA nebulization. RPYD or dexamethasone was given before OVA challenge. Our results showed that RPYD significantly inhibited the increase of total cell number, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by OVA, and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the proliferation of goblet cells and collagen deposition. In addition, RPYD inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Jagged1, Notch1, Hes1 and Smad3, as well as Smad3 phosphorylation. TGFβ1 down-regulated the level of E-cadherin and promoted the expression of α-SMA, thus inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bronchial epithelial cells. We found that RPYD reduced EMT by inhibiting TGFβ1/smad3 and Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathways. Further overexpression of NICD showed that under the stimulation of TGFβ1, NICD enhanced the phosphorylated Smad3 and nuclear Smad3, accompanied by the increased expression of Notch1 target gene Hes1. In contrast, after treatment with smad3 siRNA, the expression of Hes1 was down regulated as the decrease of Smad3, which indicates that there is crosstalk between smad3 and NICD on Hes1 expression. In conclusion, RPYD reduces airway inflammation, improves airway remodeling and reduces EMT in chronic asthmatic mice by inhibiting the crosstalk between TGFβ1/smad3 and Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Yihua Piao
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Li Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Hongmei Piao
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Song MK, Kim DI, Lee K. Kathon Induces Fibrotic Inflammation in Lungs: The First Animal Study Revealing a Causal Relationship between Humidifier Disinfectant Exposure and Eosinophil and Th2-Mediated Fibrosis Induction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204684. [PMID: 33066398 PMCID: PMC7587358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available toxicity data on humidifier disinfectants are primarily limited to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced lung fibrosis. We, therefore, investigated whether the sterilizer component Kathon, which is a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, induces fibrotic lung injury following direct lung exposure in an animal model. Mice were intratracheally instilled with either the vehicle or Kathon. Differential cell counts, cytokine analysis, and histological analysis of lung tissue were then performed to characterize the injury features, and we investigated whether Kathon altered fibrosis-related gene expression in lung tissues via RNA-Seq and bioinformatics. Cell counting showed that Kathon exposure increased the proportion of macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Moreover, T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly increased in the Kathon groups. Histopathological analysis revealed increased perivascular/alveolar inflammation, eosinophilic cells, mucous cell hyperplasia, and pulmonary fibrosis following Kathon exposure. Additionally, Kathon exposure modulated the expression of genes related to fibrotic inflammation, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 cascade, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway, transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway, cellular response to tumor necrosis factor, and collagen fibril organization. Our results suggest that Kathon exposure is associated with fibrotic lung injury via a Th2-dependent pathway and is thus a possible risk factor for fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Song
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (D.I.K.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (D.I.K.)
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- National Center for Efficacy Evaluation of Respiratory Disease Product, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (D.I.K.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-63-570-8740
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miyata Y, Ohta S, Tanaka A, Kashima A, Suganuma H, Uno T, Sato H, Ida H, Kimura T, Jinno M, Hirai K, Homma T, Yamamoto M, Watanabe Y, Suzuki S, Sagara H. The Effect of Bronchoconstriction by Methacholine Inhalation in a Murine Model of Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:897-907. [PMID: 32791506 DOI: 10.1159/000509606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchoconstriction was recently shown to cause airway remodeling and induce allergic airway inflammation in asthma. However, the mechanisms how mechanical stress via bronchoconstriction could induce airway inflammation and remodeling remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine inhalation in a murine model of asthma. METHODS BALB/c female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), followed by treatment with methacholine by a nebulizer twice a day for 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last methacholine treatment, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. The BALF was analyzed for total and differential cell counts and cytokine levels. The lung tissues were analyzed for goblet cell metaplasia, thickness of the smooth muscle, and lung fibrosis. The expression of cytokines in the lung was also examined. RESULTS OVA sensitization and challenge induced infiltration of total cells, macrophages, and eosinophils in the BALF along with goblet cell metaplasia and increased airway smooth muscle hypertrophy. Seven days after the last OVA challenge, untreated mice achieved reduction in airway inflammation, while methacholine maintained the number of BALF total cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. The percentage of goblet cells and the thickness of airway smooth muscle were also maintained by methacholine. Moreover, the treatment of methacholine induced the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the lung. This result indicates that the production of TGF-β is involved in induction of airway remodeling caused by bronchoconstriction with methacholine. CONCLUSIONS Repeated bronchoconstriction caused by methacholine inhalation elicited allergic airway inflammation and airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Miyata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Ohta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Akihiko Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Suganuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Uno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Jinno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Hirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, Gauthier M, Wenzel SE. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiol Rev 2020; 100:983-1017. [PMID: 31917651 PMCID: PMC7474260 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the term asthma has long been known to describe heterogeneous groupings of patients, only recently have data evolved which enable a molecular understanding of the clinical differences. The evolution of transcriptomics (and other 'omics platforms) and improved statistical analyses in combination with large clinical cohorts opened the door for molecular characterization of pathobiologic processes associated with a range of asthma patients. When linked with data from animal models and clinical trials of targeted biologic therapies, emerging distinctions arose between patients with and without elevations in type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways, leading to the confirmation of a broad categorization of type 2-Hi asthma. Differences in the ratios, sources, and location of type 2 cytokines and their relation to additional immune pathway activation appear to distinguish several different (sub)molecular phenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of type 2-Hi asthma, which respond differently to broad and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Asthma in the absence of type 2 inflammation is much less well defined, without clear biomarkers, but is generally linked with poor responses to corticosteroids. Integration of "big data" from large cohorts, over time, using machine learning approaches, combined with validation and iterative learning in animal (and human) model systems is needed to identify the biomarkers and tightly defined molecular phenotypes/endotypes required to fulfill the promise of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kardas G, Kuna P, Panek M. Biological Therapies of Severe Asthma and Their Possible Effects on Airway Remodeling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1134. [PMID: 32625205 PMCID: PMC7314989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic and heterogenic respiratory tract disorder with a high global prevalence. The underlying chronic inflammatory process and airway remodeling (AR) contribute to the symptomatology of the disease. The most severely ill asthma patients may now be treated using a variety of monoclonal antibodies aiming key inflammatory cytokines involved in asthma pathogenesis. Although clinical data shows much beneficial effects of biological therapies in terms of reduction of exacerbation rates, improvement of lung functions, asthma control and patients' quality of life, little is known on the effects of these monoclonal antibodies on AR—a key clinical trait of long-term asthma management. In this review, the authors summarize the data on the proven effects of monoclonal antibodies in asthma on AR. To date, in terms of reversing AR, the mostly studied was omalizumab. However, some studies also addressed this clinical issue in context of other severe asthma biological therapies (mepolizumab, benralizumab, tralokinumab). Still, data on effects of particular biological therapies on AR in severe asthma are incomplete and require further studies. According to the American Thoracic Society research recommendations, future research shall focus on AR in asthma and improve drugs targeting AR, including the available and future monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kardas
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Michał Panek
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Synthesized atropine nanoparticles ameliorate airway hyperreactivity and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
29
|
Kim SR, Park HJ, Lee KB, Kim HJ, Jeong JS, Cho SH, Lee YC. Epithelial PI3K-δ Promotes House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma in NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent and -Independent Manners. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:338-358. [PMID: 32009326 PMCID: PMC6997282 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.2.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ-dependent Akt activation is known to play critical roles in various immune responses of white blood cells in which PI3K-δ isoform is mostly expressed in contrast to the classes IA PI3Ks p110α and p110β. However, the immunological role of PI3K-δ isoform is still controversial in airway epithelium under house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic response. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PI3K-δ isoform in HDM-induced allergic responses, focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in airway epithelium. METHODS We used wild-type mice and PI3K-δ knock-out (KO) mice for HDM-induced asthma animal model and also performed in vitro experiments using primary cultured murine tracheal epithelial cells and human airway epithelial cells. RESULTS PI3K-δ activated HDM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome and epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the lung including airway epithelial cells. PI3K-δ KO mice or knock-down of PI3K-δ using siRNA exhibited the significant reduction in allergic asthmatic features and the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly as well as epithelial cell-derived cytokines. Interestingly, significantly increased expression of PI3K-δ isoform was observed in stimulated airway epithelial cells and the increases in epithelial cell-derived cytokines were markedly suppressed by blocking PI3K-δ, while these cytokine levels were independent of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that PI3K-δ-isoform can promote HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent response as well as via NLRP3 inflammasome-independent epithelial cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Ri Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Hae Jin Park
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Bae Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Jeong
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yong Chul Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pelaia C, Paoletti G, Puggioni F, Racca F, Pelaia G, Canonica GW, Heffler E. Interleukin-5 in the Pathophysiology of Severe Asthma. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1514. [PMID: 31920718 PMCID: PMC6927944 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-5 (IL-5) exerts a central pathogenic role in differentiation, recruitment, survival, and degranulation of eosinophils. Indeed, during the last years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the powerful actions of IL-5 finalized to the induction, maintenance, and amplification of eosinophilic inflammation. Therefore, IL-5 is a suitable target for add-on biological therapies based on either IL-5 inhibition (mepolizumab, reslizumab) or blockade of its receptor (benralizumab). These modern treatments can result in being definitely beneficial for patients with severe type 2 (T2)-high eosinophilic asthma, refractory to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs such as inhaled and even systemic corticosteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Puggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Racca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guida G, Riccio AM. Immune induction of airway remodeling. Semin Immunol 2019; 46:101346. [PMID: 31734128 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is accepted to be a determining component within the natural history of asthma. It is a phenomenon characterized by changes in the airways structures that marches in parallel with and can be influenced by airway inflammation, floating at the interface between both natural and adaptive immunity and physical and mechanical cells behavior. In this review we aimed to highlight the comprehensive, yet not exhaustive, evidences of how immune cells induce, regulate and adapt to the recognized markers of airway remodeling. Mucous cell hyperplasia, epithelial dysfunction and mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and restructuration, fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, airway smooth muscle proliferation, bioactive and contractile properties, and vascular remodeling encompass complex physiopathological mechanisms that can be induced, suppressed or regulated by different cellular and molecular pathways. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules expressed or derived either from the immune network of cells infiltrating the asthmatic airways and involving T helper lymphocytes, immune lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells or by the structural components such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, myocytes, airway smooth muscle cells concur with protein cellular matrix component and metalloproteases in modifying the airway structure in a detrimental way. The consequences in lung function decline, fixed airway obstruction and clinical severity of the disease suggest the possibility of identify among the immune molecular pathway of remodeling some biological parameters or signal pathway to be either a good tracer for monitoring the disease evolution or a target for hypothetical phenotypes and endotypes. In the era of personalized medicine, a biomarker of remodeling might predict a response to small-molecule inhibitors or biologicals potentially targeting a fundamental aspect of asthma pathogenesis that impacts on the low responsiveness to airway inflammation directed treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guida
- Allergology and Lung Pathology, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo - Antonio Carle Hospital, Via Antonio Carle 5, 12100, Confreria (CN), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kariyawasam HH, Gane SB. Allergen-induced asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and transforming growth factor-β superfamily signaling: mechanisms and functional consequences. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1155-1170. [PMID: 31549888 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1672538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Often co-associated, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are complex heterogeneous disease syndromes. Severity in both is related to tissue inflammation and abnormal repair (termed remodeling). Understanding signaling factors that can modulate, integrate the activation, and regulation of such key processes together is increasingly important. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily of ligands comprise a versatile system of immunomodulatory molecules that are gaining recognition as having an essential function in the immunopathogenesis of asthma. Early data suggest an important role in CRS as well. Abnormal or dysregulated signaling may contribute to disease pathogenesis and severity.Areas covered: The essential biology of this complex family of growth factors in relation to the excess inflammation and remodeling that occurs in allergic asthma and CRS is reviewed. The need to understand the integration of signaling pathways together is highlighted. Studies in human airway tissue are evaluated and only selected key animal models relevant to human disease discussed given the highly context-dependent signaling and function of these ligands.Expert opinion: Abnormal or dysregulated TGF-β superfamily signaling may be central to the excess inflammation and tissue remodeling in asthma, and possibly CRS. Therefore, the TGF-β superfamily signaling pathways represent an emerging and attractive therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha H Kariyawasam
- Department of Adult Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon B Gane
- Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mutations in topoisomerase IIβ result in a B cell immunodeficiency. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3644. [PMID: 31409799 PMCID: PMC6692411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell development is a highly regulated process involving multiple differentiation steps, yet many details regarding this pathway remain unknown. Sequencing of patients with B cell-restricted immunodeficiency reveals autosomal dominant mutations in TOP2B. TOP2B encodes a type II topoisomerase, an essential gene required to alleviate topological stress during DNA replication and gene transcription, with no previously known role in B cell development. We use Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and knockin and knockout murine models, to demonstrate that patient mutations in TOP2B have a dominant negative effect on enzyme function, resulting in defective proliferation, survival of B-2 cells, causing a block in B cell development, and impair humoral function in response to immunization. Topoisomerases are required to release topological stress on DNA during replication and transcription. Here, Broderick et al. report genetic variants in TOP2B that cause a syndromic B cell immunodeficiency associated with reduced TOP2B function, defects in B cell development and B cell activation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zinc and iron complexes of oleanolic acid, (OA) attenuate allergic airway inflammation in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1179-1192. [PMID: 31069605 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a hydroxyl pentacyclic triterpene acid (HTAs) used in various ailments. Inflammatory diseases may be profoundly influenced by iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) status. We studied the anti-asthmatic effects of two metal complexes (Fe and Zn) of OA in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced rat model. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was measured. Total and differential leucocyte count was done in blood as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in lung tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), immunoglobulin E (IgE) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Splenocyte proliferation was performed through BrdU uptake method and nitric oxide levels were measured by colorimetric assay kit. The acute toxicity study was also done for the complexes. The asthmatic group developed allergic airway inflammation shown by increased DTH and inflammatory markers in blood and BALF. OA + Fe and OA + Zn displayed significant decrease in DTH, NO, expression of IL-4, 5, 13, 17, toll-like receptor-2, nuclear factor-kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-α; serum IgE, COX-2, and 5-LOX. The metal complexes also attenuated OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation. While no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic potential was shown by OA + Fe and OA + Zn. Our findings indicate that both OA + Fe and OA + Zn possess significant anti-asthmatic effect which may be ascribed to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory features.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Li X, He M, Zhang G, Bao W, Fei X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhang P. The effects of neutralizing anti-murine interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody on ozone-induced inflammation and glucocorticoids insensitivity in a murine model of asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108786. [PMID: 30917335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Exposure to ozone contributed to the worsening of inflammation and glucocorticoids insensitivity in OVA-challenged asthma. Interleukin-17A participates centrally in stages of the inflammatory response and glucocorticoids insensitivity. In this study, the effect of neutralizing anti-murine interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody (IL-17A mAb) on inflammation and glucocorticoids insensitivity in ozone-exposed and ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice was investigated. METHODS Mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA and then exposed to ozone. Dexamethasone (Dex) and IL-17A mAb were administrated in corresponding periods. RESULTS Compared with OVA-challenged mice, combination administration of ozone exposure and OVA challenge increased the recruitment of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, enhanced the inflammation scores and levels of inflammatory cytokines and IL-17A mRNA, and caused the activation of p38 MAPK together with down regulation of glucocorticoids recepters (GR) in lung tissue. Monotherapy of IL-17A mAb partially attenuated lung inflammation in OVA-challenged and ozone-exposed mice, while the combination treatment of Dex and IL-17A mAb effectively reduced lung inflammation, inactivated p38 MAPK and up regulated GR in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS Ozone exposure worsened OVA-challenged airway inflammation, activation of p38 MAPK and down regulation of GR in OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice, which was effectively counteracted by IL-17A mAb, and combination treatment of IL-17A mAb and Dex shows profound efficacy in inhibiting airway inflammation and improving glucocorticoids insensitivity synergistically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingjing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shanghai First People's Hospital of Baoshan Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Mudan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shanghai First People's Hospital of Baoshan Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuping Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nakagome K, Nakamura Y, Kobayashi T, Ohta S, Ono J, Kobayashi K, Ikebuchi K, Noguchi T, Soma T, Yamauchi K, Izuhara K, Nagata M. Elevated Periostin Concentrations in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Eosinophilic Pneumonia. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 178:264-271. [PMID: 30612125 DOI: 10.1159/000494623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is characterized by massive pulmonary infiltration by eosinophils. Although serum periostin is a novel marker for eosinophil-dominant asthma, the upregulation of periostin in the airway of asthmatics is controversial. In this study, we examined whether periostin concentrations are elevated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with EP. METHODS BAL was performed in healthy volunteers and in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), and sarcoidosis. The periostin concentrations in the BALF were measured. RESULTS The periostin concentration in the BALF increased significantly with pulmonary eosinophil ia and was higher in AEP and CEP patients than in healthy volunteers and sarcoidosis patients, even after adjusting the albumin concentration. In pulmonary eosinophilia, the periostin concentration correlated with the eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, the concentration of albumin, and the concentration of cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13, and transforming growth factor β1. CONCLUSIONS Although some blood leakage may be involved in the elevation of periostin in the BALF of EP, periostin can be induced locally, at least in part. Therefore, periostin may play a role in the development of EP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohta
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Junya Ono
- Shino-Test Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikebuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Airway innate lymphoid cells in the induction and regulation of allergy. Allergol Int 2019; 68:9-16. [PMID: 30473412 PMCID: PMC6614863 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells has revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis of immune diseases including allergy and asthma. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous collection of lymphocytes that lack antigen-specificity (non-T, non-B cells) and potently produce characteristic cytokines of T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17). ILCs are divided into group 1 (ILC1s), group 2 (ILC2s), or group 3 (ILC3s). Similar to Th2 cells, ILC2s produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, among others, and are present in increased numbers in samples from patients with many allergic disorders including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Animal models have identified that ILC2s contribute to eosinophilic tissue infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production, as well as coordinate adaptive immune responses. Finally, recent studies support regulation of ILC2s by neuro-immune mechanisms as well as demonstrate a significant degree of plasticity between ILC subsets that may impact the immune responses in asthma and allergic airway diseases. Here, we review the current literature on ILC2s in human asthma and allergic airway diseases, as well as highlight some recent mechanistic insights into ILC2 function from in vitro studies and in vivo animal models.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ito R, Maruoka S, Soda K, Katano I, Kawai K, Yagoto M, Hanazawa A, Takahashi T, Ogura T, Goto M, Takahashi R, Toyoshima S, Okayama Y, Izuhara K, Gon Y, Hashimoto S, Ito M, Nunomura S. A humanized mouse model to study asthmatic airway inflammation via the human IL-33/IL-13 axis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121580. [PMID: 30385714 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common immunological diseases and is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mucus overproduction, and airway eosinophilia. Although mouse models have provided insight into the mechanisms by which type-2 cytokines induce asthmatic airway inflammation, differences between the rodent and human immune systems hamper efforts to improve understanding of human allergic diseases. In this study, we aim to establish a preclinical animal model of asthmatic airway inflammation using humanized IL-3/GM-CSF or IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 Tg NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice and investigate the roles of human type-2 immune responses in the asthmatic mice. Several important characteristics of asthma - such as AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, T cell infiltration, IL-13 production, and periostin secretion - were induced in IL-3/GM-CSF Tg mice by intratracheally administered human IL-33. In addition to these characteristics, human eosinophilic inflammation was observed in IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 Tg mice. The asthmatic mechanisms of the humanized mice were driven by activation of human Th2 and mast cells by IL-33 stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of the humanized mice with an anti-human IL-13 antibody significantly suppressed these characteristics. Therefore, the humanized mice may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of allergic disorders and facilitate the preclinical development of new therapeutics for IL-33-mediated type-2 inflammation in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Soda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikumi Katano
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Yagoto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Asami Hanazawa
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Ogura
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohito Goto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Riichi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shota Toyoshima
- Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Institutional Research and Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Institutional Research and Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Choi SH, Wallace AM, Schneider DA, Burg E, Kim J, Alekseeva E, Ubags ND, Cool CD, Fang L, Suratt BT, Miller YI. AIBP augments cholesterol efflux from alveolar macrophages to surfactant and reduces acute lung inflammation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120519. [PMID: 30135304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an excessive pulmonary inflammatory response. Removal of excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane of inflammatory cells helps reduce their activation. The secreted apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) has been shown to augment cholesterol efflux from endothelial cells to the plasma lipoprotein HDL. Here, we find that AIBP was expressed in inflammatory cells in the human lung and was secreted into the bronchoalveolar space in mice subjected to inhalation of LPS. AIBP bound surfactant protein B and increased cholesterol efflux from alveolar macrophages to calfactant, a therapeutic surfactant formulation. In vitro, AIBP in the presence of surfactant reduced LPS-induced p65, ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation, and IL-6 secretion by alveolar macrophages. In vivo, inhalation of AIBP significantly reduced LPS-induced airspace neutrophilia, alveolar capillary leak, and secretion of IL-6. These results suggest that, similar to HDL in plasma, surfactant serves as a cholesterol acceptor in the lung. Furthermore, lung injury increases pulmonary AIBP expression, which likely serves to promote cholesterol efflux to surfactant and reduce inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aaron M Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Elianne Burg
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Niki Dj Ubags
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and.,Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin T Suratt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mikami Y, Takada Y, Hagihara Y, Kanai T. Innate lymphoid cells in organ fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 42:27-36. [PMID: 30104153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified family of lymphoid effector cells. ILCs are mainly clustered into 3 groups based on their unique cytokine profiles and transcription factors typically attributed to the subsets of T helper cells. ILCs have a critical role in the mucosal immune response through promptly responding to pathogens and producing large amount of effector cytokines of type 1, 2, or 3 responses. In addition to the role of early immune responses against infections, ILCs, particularly group 2 ILCs (ILC2), have recently gained attention for modulating remodeling and fibrosis especially in the mucosal tissues. Herein, we overview the current knowledge in this area, highlighting roles of ILCs on fibrosis in the mucosal tissues, especially focusing on the gut and lung. We also discuss some new directions for future research by extrapolating from knowledge derived from studies on Th cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Takada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hagihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Samitas K, Carter A, Kariyawasam HH, Xanthou G. Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The one airway concept revisited. Allergy 2018; 73:993-1002. [PMID: 29197105 DOI: 10.1111/all.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma often co-exist. The one airway model proposes that disease mechanisms occurring in the upper airway may mirror lower airway events. Airway remodelling is the term used to describe tissue structural changes that occur in a disease setting and reflect the dynamic process of tissue restructuring during wound repair. Remodelling has been long identified in the lower airways in asthma and is characterized by epithelial shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, subepithelial fibrosis, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and increased angiogenesis. The concept of upper airway remodelling has only recently been introduced, and data so far are limited and often conflicting, an indication that more detailed studies are needed. Whilst remodelling changes in AR are limited, CRS phenotypes demonstrate epithelial hyperplasia, increased matrix deposition and degradation along with accumulation of plasma proteins. Despite extensive research over the past years, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in airway remodelling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current rather limited understanding of airway remodelling processes in AR, CRS and asthma and presents mechanisms both shared and distinct between the upper and lower airways. Delineation of shared and disease-specific pathogenic mechanisms of remodelling between the sinonasal system and the lung may guide the rational design of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting upper and lower airways concomitantly and improving the health of individuals with inflammatory airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory; Division of Cell Biology; Centre for Basic Research; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA); Athens Greece
| | - A. Carter
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Medical Rhinology; Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital; London UK
| | - H. H. Kariyawasam
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Medical Rhinology; Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital; London UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; University College London Hospital and University College London; London UK
| | - G. Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory; Division of Cell Biology; Centre for Basic Research; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA); Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reichard A, Wanner N, Stuehr E, Alemagno M, Weiss K, Queisser K, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Quantification of airway fibrosis in asthma by flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2018; 93:952-958. [PMID: 29659138 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Airway fibrosis is a prominent feature of asthma, contributing to the detrimental consequences of the disease. Fibrosis in the airway is the result of collagen deposition in the reticular lamina layer of the subepithelial tissue. Myofibroblasts are the leading cell type involved with this collagen deposition. Established methods of collagen deposition quantification present various issues, most importantly their inability to quantify current collagen biosynthesis occurring in airway myofibroblasts. Here, a novel method to quantify myofibroblast collagen expression in asthmatic lungs is described. Single cell suspensions of lungs harvested from C57BL/6 mice in a standard house dust mite model of asthma were employed to establish a flow cytometric method and compare collagen production in asthmatic and non-asthmatic lungs. Cells found to be CD45- αSMA+ , indicative of myofibroblasts, were gated, and median fluorescence intensity of the anti-collagen-I antibody labeling the cells was calculated. Lung myofibroblasts with no, medium, or high levels of collagen-I expression were distinguished. In asthmatic animals, collagen-I levels were increased in both medium and high expressers, and the number of myofibroblasts with high collagen-I content was elevated. Our findings determined that quantification of collagen-I deposition in myofibroblastic lung cells by flow cytometry is feasible in mouse models of asthma and indicative of increased collagen-I expression by asthmatic myofibroblasts. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reichard
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mario Alemagno
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kelly Weiss
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kimberly Queisser
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Respiratory Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Flow Cytometry Core, Lerner Research Institute The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Hemati K, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) signaling pathways and protective roles of melatonin. Life Sci 2018; 201:17-29. [PMID: 29567077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the progressive loss of lung function due to tissue scarring. A variety of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors including interleukin‑17A, transforming growth factor β, Wnt/β‑catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, endotelin‑1, renin angiotensin system and impaired caveolin‑1 function are involved in the IPF pathogenesis. Current therapies for IPF have some limitations and this highlights the need for effective therapeutic agents to treat this fatal disease. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad-spectrum antioxidants that not only remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by radical scavenging but also up-regulate the expression and activity of endogenous antioxidants. Via these actions, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a variety of molecular pathways in different pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we review the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IPF and the potentially protective effects of melatonin on these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Morikawa T, Fukuoka A, Matsushita K, Yasuda K, Iwasaki N, Akasaki S, Fujieda S, Yoshimoto T. Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells exacerbates and confers corticosteroid resistance to mouse nasal type 2 inflammation. Int Immunol 2017; 29:221-233. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
45
|
Bui TT, Piao CH, Kim SM, Song CH, Shin HS, Lee CH, Chai OH. Citrus tachibana Leaves Ethanol Extract Alleviates Airway Inflammation by the Modulation of Th1/Th2 Imbalance via Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling and Histamine Secretion in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. J Med Food 2017; 20:676-684. [PMID: 28598706 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of bronchial airway, which is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway edema, goblet cell hyperplasia, the aberrant production of the Th2 cytokines, and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. In this study, the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of Citrus tachibana leaves ethanol extract (CTLE) in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma and compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis were investigated. Oral administration of CTLE inhibited OVA-induced asthmatic response by reducing airway inflammation, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels, and increasing OVA-specific IgG2a levels. CTLE restored Th1/Th2 balance through an increase in Th2 cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6 and decreases in Th1 cytokines interferon-γ and IL-12. Furthermore, CTLE inhibited the total level of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB by OVA. In addition, CTLE dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis via blocking histamine secretion from mast cells. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of CTLE may involve the modulation of Th1/Th2 imbalance via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling and histamine secretion. Taken together, we suggest that CTLE could be used as a therapeutic agent for patients with Th2-mediated or histamine-mediated allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tho Bui
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chun Hua Piao
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- 2 Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Korea.,3 Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- 4 Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Korea.,5 Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Lee
- 6 Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University , Samrye, Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Korea.,3 Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Airway remodeling in asthma: what really matters. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:551-569. [PMID: 28190087 PMCID: PMC5320023 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is generally quite broadly defined as any change in composition, distribution, thickness, mass or volume and/or number of structural components observed in the airway wall of patients relative to healthy individuals. However, two types of airway remodeling should be distinguished more clearly: (1) physiological airway remodeling, which encompasses structural changes that occur regularly during normal lung development and growth leading to a normal mature airway wall or as an acute and transient response to injury and/or inflammation, which ultimately results in restoration of a normal airway structures; and (2) pathological airway remodeling, which comprises those structural alterations that occur as a result of either disturbed lung development or as a response to chronic injury and/or inflammation leading to persistently altered airway wall structures and function. This review will address a few major aspects: (1) what are reliable quantitative approaches to assess airway remodeling? (2) Are there any indications supporting the notion that airway remodeling can occur as a primary event, i.e., before any inflammatory process was initiated? (3) What is known about airway remodeling being a secondary event to inflammation? And (4), what can we learn from the different animal models ranging from invertebrate to primate models in the study of airway remodeling? Future studies are required addressing particularly pheno-/endotype-specific aspects of airway remodeling using both endotype-specific animal models and “endotyped” human asthmatics. Hopefully, novel in vivo imaging techniques will be further advanced to allow monitoring development, growth and inflammation of the airways already at a very early stage in life.
Collapse
|
47
|
Fei X, Zhang X, Zhang GQ, Bao WP, Zhang YY, Zhang M, Zhou X. Cordycepin inhibits airway remodeling in a rat model of chronic asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:335-341. [PMID: 28119235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential suppression role of cordycepin (Cor) on airway remodeling in a rat model of chronic asthma was investigated in this paper. We evaluated the anti-remodeling of Cor (50mg/kg) combined with or without budesonide (BUD) and investigated the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that Cor attenuated immunoglobulin (Ig) E, alleviated the airway wall thickness, and decreased eosinophils and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Notably, Cor reduced the up-regulation of IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-α in the BALF. Cor also regulated the increase of A2AARmRNA and the decrease of TGF-β1 expression. Furthermore, Cor markedly blocked p38MAPK signaling pathway activation in the OVA-driven asthmatic mice. The combination treatment of Cor and BUD showed profound efficacy in regulating the levels of inflammatory cells and the expression of IL-13, TGF-β1 and A2AARmRNA. Collectively, this study demonstrated that Cor combined with glucocorticoids treatment shows synergistically profound efficacy in inhibiting airway remodeling, and some benefits of Cor may result from the increased A2AARmRNA expression, the reduced TGF-β1 levels and the inhibition of Th2-cytokines through the suppression of the p38MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wu-Ping Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Song DJ, Shim MH, Lee N, Yoo Y, Choung JT. CCR3 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Eosinophilic Inflammation and Mucosal Injury in a Mouse Model of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:360-367. [PMID: 28497923 PMCID: PMC5446951 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.4.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although the role of eosinophils in eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is not fully understood, they are believed to be a principal effector cell. Previous studies have demonstrated that eotaxin and its specific receptor, cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3), play a central role in eosinophil trafficking into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Thus, we examined the targeting of CCR3 as a potential therapeutic intervention for EGE in a mouse model. Methods Eight- to 10-week-old BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and intragastrically challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Different groups of mice were administered either an anti-CCR3 antibody or a control IgG by intraperitoneal injection 1 hour before each OVA challenge. Eosinophilic inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, mucosal injury, and severity of diarrhea were compared between different groups at 1 hour after final OVA challenge. Results Anti-CCR3 antibody reduced the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa, but not in bone marrow. This reduction was associated with restoration of reduced villous crypt ratio, increased intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, and weight loss induced by OVA challenge. However, Anti-CCR3 antibody had no effect on the level of OVA specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the expression of critical chemokines or cytokines in eosinophil trafficking into the GI tract, such as eotaxin-1, interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-13. Conclusions Anti-CCR3 antibody significantly reduced the severity of eosinophilic inflammation, mucosal injury, and diarrhea in a mouse model of food allergen-induced GI eosinophilic inflammation. CCR3 may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of EGE and other GI eosinophil-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center for Childhood Asthma, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Mun Hee Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center for Childhood Asthma, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Choung
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center for Childhood Asthma, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu XH, Liao B, Xu Y, Liu K, Huang Y, Huang QL, Liu YH. Downregulation of mouse CCR3 by lentiviral shRNA inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of mouse eosinophils. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:696-702. [PMID: 28035394 PMCID: PMC5364839 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference has been considered as an effective gene silencing method in basic and preclinical investigations. The aims of the present study were to construct a lentiviral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the murine CC chemokine receptor 3 (mCCR3), and to investigate its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse eosinophils. A recombinant lentiviral vector expressing four fragments of mouse CCR3 shRNA (pLVX-mCCR3-1+2+3+4-shRNA) was constructed using subcloning techniques. This novel lentivirus was then packaged into 293T cells by co-transduction with plasmids, including Baculo p35, pCMV R8.2 and VSV. The interference effects of the vector were verified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses. The effects of the interference on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse eosinophils were investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling methods, respectively. The results of the PCR and western blot analyses confirmed that the novel recombinant vector, pLVX-mCCR3-1+2+3+4-shRNA, had high efficiency in inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression levels of mCCR3 in mouse eosinophils. The downregulation of mCCR3 significantly inhibited proliferation of the eosinophils. Furthermore, the present study found that the downregulation of mCCR3 significantly promoted apoptosis of the eosinophils. Therefore, the downregulation of mCCR3 led to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in mouse eosinophils. The predominant characteristics of allergic rhinitis are eosinophil infiltration and release of inflammatory mediators, which appear in a variety of clinical manifestations. The results of the present study indicate that mCCR3 silencing may serve as a putative approach for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Long Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Functional Effects of WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein-1 on Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation in OVA-Induced Airway Remodeling. Inflammation 2016; 39:16-29. [PMID: 26242865 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of WISP1 has been demonstrated in lung remodeling. Moreover, it has been recently found that some signaling components of WNT pathway can activate GSK3β signaling to mediate remodeling of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in asthma. Therefore, we hypothesized that WISP1, a signaling molecule downstream of the WNT signaling pathway, is involved in PI3K/GSK3β signaling to mediate ASM remodeling in asthma. Our results showed that WISP1 depletion partly suppressed OVA-induced ASM hypertrophy in vivo. In vitro, WISP1 could induce hBSMC hypertrophy and proliferation, accompanied by upregulation of levels of PI3K, p-Akt, p-GSK3β, and its own expression. TGF-β treatment could increase expression of PI3K, p-Akt, p-GSK3β, and WISP1. SH-5 treatment could partly suppress TGF-β-induced hypertrophy and proliferation of hBSMC, and depress expression of p-GSK3β and WISP1. In conclusion, WISP1 may be a potential inducer of ASM proliferation and hypertrophy in asthma. The pro-remodeling effect of WISP1 is likely due to be involved in PI3K-GSK3β-dependent noncanonical TGF-β signaling.
Collapse
|