1
|
Grommisch D, Wang M, Eenjes E, Svetličič M, Deng Q, Giselsson P, Genander M. Defining the contribution of Troy-positive progenitor cells to the mouse esophageal epithelium. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1269-1283.e6. [PMID: 38565145 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Progenitor cells adapt their behavior in response to tissue demands. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling esophageal progenitor decisions remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a Troy (Tnfrsf19)-expressing progenitor subpopulation localized to defined regions along the mouse esophageal axis. Lineage tracing and mathematical modeling demonstrate that Troy-positive progenitor cells are prone to undergoing symmetrical fate choices and contribute to esophageal tissue homeostasis long term. Functionally, TROY inhibits progenitor proliferation and enables commitment to differentiation without affecting fate symmetry. Whereas Troy expression is stable during esophageal homeostasis, progenitor cells downregulate Troy in response to tissue stress, enabling proliferative expansion of basal cells refractory to differentiation and reestablishment of tissue homeostasis. Our results demonstrate functional, spatially restricted progenitor heterogeneity in the esophageal epithelium and identify how dynamic regulation of Troy coordinates tissue generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Grommisch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maja Svetličič
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Genander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang H, Jiang Y, Liu J, Luo D, Yuan J, Mu R, Yu X, Sun D, Lin J, Chen Q, Li X, Jiang M, Xu J, Chu B, Yin C, Zhang L, Ye Y, Cao B, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Jag1/2 maintain esophageal homeostasis and suppress foregut tumorigenesis by restricting the basal progenitor cell pool. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4124. [PMID: 38750026 PMCID: PMC11096375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal progenitor cells are crucial for maintaining foregut (the esophagus and forestomach) homeostasis. When their function is dysregulated, it can promote inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unclear. Here, we employ genetic mouse models to reveal that Jag1/2 regulate esophageal homeostasis and foregut tumorigenesis by modulating the function of basal progenitor cells. Deletion of Jag1/2 in mice disrupts esophageal and forestomach epithelial homeostasis. Mechanistically, Jag1/2 deficiency impairs activation of Notch signaling, leading to reduced squamous epithelial differentiation and expansion of basal progenitor cells. Moreover, Jag1/2 deficiency exacerbates the deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced squamous epithelial injury and accelerates the initiation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the forestomach. Importantly, expression levels of JAG1/2 are lower in the early stages of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) carcinogenesis. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Jag1/2 are important for maintaining esophageal and forestomach homeostasis and the onset of foregut SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jiangying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jianghong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Rongzi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Donglei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jihong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
| | - Qiyue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
| | - Xinjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Chu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klochkova A, Karami AL, Fuller AD, Parham LR, Panchani SR, Natarajan S, Jackson JL, Mu A, Tan Y, Cai KQ, Klein-Szanto AJ, Muir AB, Tétreault MP, Graña X, Hamilton KE, Whelan KA. Autophagy Contributes to Homeostasis in Esophageal Epithelium Where High Autophagic Vesicle Level Marks Basal Cells With Limited Proliferation and Enhanced Self-Renewal Potential. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:15-40. [PMID: 38452871 PMCID: PMC11126828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autophagy plays roles in esophageal pathologies both benign and malignant. Here, we aim to define the role of autophagy in esophageal epithelial homeostasis. METHODS We generated tamoxifen-inducible, squamous epithelial-specific Atg7 (autophagy related 7) conditional knockout mice to evaluate effects on esophageal homeostasis and response to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) using histologic and biochemical analyses. We fluorescence-activated cell sorted esophageal basal cells based on fluorescence of the autophagic vesicle (AV)-identifying dye Cyto-ID and then subjected these cells to transmission electron microscopy, image flow cytometry, three-dimensional organoid assays, RNA sequencing, and cell cycle analysis. Three-dimensional organoids were subjected to passaging, single-cell RNA sequencing, cell cycle analysis, and immunostaining. RESULTS Genetic autophagy inhibition in squamous epithelium resulted in increased proliferation of esophageal basal cells under homeostatic conditions and also was associated with significant weight loss in mice treated with 4NQO that further displayed perturbed epithelial tissue architecture. Esophageal basal cells with high AV level (Cyto-IDHigh) displayed limited organoid formation capability on initial plating but passaged more efficiently than their counterparts with low AV level (Cyto-IDLow). RNA sequencing suggested increased autophagy in Cyto-IDHigh esophageal basal cells along with decreased cell cycle progression, the latter of which was confirmed by cell cycle analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of three-dimensional organoids generated by Cyto-IDLow and Cyto-IDHigh cells identified expansion of 3 cell populations and enrichment of G2/M-associated genes in the Cyto-IDHigh group. Ki67 expression was also increased in organoids generated by Cyto-IDHigh cells, including in basal cells localized beyond the outermost cell layer. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy contributes to maintenance of the esophageal proliferation-differentiation gradient. Esophageal basal cells with high AV level exhibit limited proliferation and generate three-dimensional organoids with enhanced self-renewal capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Klochkova
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam L Karami
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Annie D Fuller
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Louis R Parham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Surali R Panchani
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shruthi Natarajan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jazmyne L Jackson
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anbin Mu
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Amanda B Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xavier Graña
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamilton M, Mars Z, Sedeuil M, Rolland M, Jean D, Boudreau F, Giroux V. ASCL2 is a key regulator of the proliferation-differentiation equilibrium in the esophageal epithelium. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio059919. [PMID: 38252116 PMCID: PMC10836648 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The esophagus is protected from the hostile environment by a stratified epithelium, which renews rapidly. Homeostasis of this epithelium is ensured by a rare population of stem cells in the basal layer: Keratin 15+ (Krt15+) cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating their distinct features, namely self-renewal, potency and epithelial regeneration. Achaete-scute family BHLH transcription factor 2 (ASCL2) is strongly upregulated in Krt15+ stem cells and is known to contribute to stem cell maintenance in other tissues. Herein, we investigated the role of ASCL2 in maintaining homeostasis under normal and stress conditions in the esophageal epithelium. ASCL2 overexpression severely dysregulated cell differentiation and cell fate. Proliferation was also reduced due potentially to a blockage in the G1 phase of the cell cycle or an induction of quiescence. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed alterations in several proteins associated with differentiation and the cell cycle. In addition, overexpression of ASCL2 enhanced resistance to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Overall, these results denote the role of ASCL2 as a key regulator of the proliferation-differentiation equilibrium in the esophageal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Hamilton
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke (IRCUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Zoéline Mars
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke (IRCUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Université Paris Cité, Magistère Européen de génétique, Paris 75006, France
| | - Molly Sedeuil
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke (IRCUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Marjorie Rolland
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke (IRCUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Dominique Jean
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke (IRCUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
| | - François Boudreau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke (IRCUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Véronique Giroux
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
- Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université de Sherbrooke (IRCUS), Sherbrooke J1E4K8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hazrati R, Davaran S, Keyhanvar P, Soltani S, Alizadeh E. A Systematic Review of Stem Cell Differentiation into Keratinocytes for Regenerative Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:362-393. [PMID: 37922106 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
To improve wound healing or treatment of other skin diseases, and provide model cells for skin biology studies, in vitro differentiation of stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells (KLCs) is very desirable in regenerative medicine. This study examined the most recent advancements in in vitro differentiation of stem cells into KLCs, the effect of biofactors, procedures, and preparation for upcoming clinical cases. A range of stem cells with different origins could be differentiated into KLCs under appropriate conditions. The most effective ways of stem cell differentiation into keratinocytes were found to include the co-culture with primary epithelial cells and keratinocytes, and a cocktail of growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules. KLCs should also be supported by biomaterials for the extracellular matrix (ECM), which replicate the composition and functionality of the in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM) and, thus, support their phenotypic and functional characteristics. The detailed efficient characterization of different factors, and their combinations, could make it possible to find the significant inducers for stem cell differentiation into epidermal lineage. Moreover, it allows the development of chemically known media for directing multi-step differentiation procedures.In conclusion, the differentiation of stem cells to KLCs is feasible and KLCs were used in experimental, preclinical, and clinical trials. However, the translation of KLCs from in vitro investigational system to clinically valuable cells is challenging and extremely slow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Hazrati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Peyman Keyhanvar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaieh Soltani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Altshuler A, Amitai-Lange A, Nasser W, Dimri S, Bhattacharya S, Tiosano B, Barbara R, Aberdam D, Shimmura S, Shalom-Feuerstein R. Eyes open on stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2313-2327. [PMID: 38039972 PMCID: PMC10724227 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the murine cornea has reemerged as a robust stem cell (SC) model, allowing individual SC tracing in living animals. The cornea has pioneered seminal discoveries in SC biology and regenerative medicine, from the first corneal transplantation in 1905 to the identification of limbal SCs and their transplantation to successfully restore vision in the early 1990s. Recent experiments have exposed unexpected properties attributed to SCs and progenitors and revealed flexibility in the differentiation program and a key role for the SC niche. Here, we discuss the limbal SC model and its broader relevance to other tissues, disease, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altshuler
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Aya Amitai-Lange
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Waseem Nasser
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Shalini Dimri
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Swarnabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Beatrice Tiosano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ramez Barbara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- Université Paris-Cité, INSERM U1138, Centre des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu W, Han L, Wu Y, Tong L, He L, Wang Q, Yan Y, Pan T, Shen J, Song Y, Shen Y, Zhu Q, Zhou J. Keratin 15 protects against cigarette smoke-induced epithelial mesenchymal transformation by MMP-9. Respir Res 2023; 24:297. [PMID: 38007424 PMCID: PMC10675954 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic inflammatory lung disease, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prolonged cigarette smoking (CS) that causes irreversible airway remodeling and significantly reduces lung function is a major risk factor for COPD. Keratin15+ (Krt15+) cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation properties have been implicated in the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of airway basal cells; however, the role of Krt15 in COPD is not clear. METHODS Krt15 knockout (Krt15-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice of C57BL/6 background were exposed to CS for six months to establish COPD models. Krt15-CrePGR;Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice were used to trace the fate of the Krt15+ cells. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson stainings were performed to assess histopathology and fibrosis, respectively. Furthermore, lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down KRT15 in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The protein expression was assessed using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Krt15-/- CS mice developed severe inflammatory cell infiltration, airway remodeling, and emphysema. Moreover, Krt15 knockout aggravated CS-induced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which was reversed by SB-3CT, an MMP-9 inhibitor. Consistent with this finding, KRT15 knockdown promoted MMP-9 expression and EMT progression in vitro. Furthermore, Krt15+ cells gradually increased in the bronchial epithelial cells and were transformed into alveolar type II (AT2) cells. CONCLUSION Krt15 regulates the EMT process by promoting MMP-9 expression and protects the lung tissue from CS-induced injury, inflammatory infiltration, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Krt15+ cells transformed into AT2 cells to protect alveoli. These results suggest Krt15 as a potential therapeutic target for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Linxiao Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ludan He
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200540, China
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200540, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, 200540, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, 2800 Gongwei Rd, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Qiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200540, China.
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200540, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai, 200540, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yayon N, Kedlian VR, Boehme L, Suo C, Wachter B, Beuschel RT, Amsalem O, Polanski K, Koplev S, Tuck E, Dann E, Van Hulle J, Perera S, Putteman T, Predeus AV, Dabrowska M, Richardson L, Tudor C, Kreins AY, Engelbert J, Stephenson E, Kleshchevnikov V, De Rita F, Crossland D, Bosticardo M, Pala F, Prigmore E, Chipampe NJ, Prete M, Fei L, To K, Barker RA, He X, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Bayraktar O, Patel M, Davies GE, Haniffa MA, Uhlmann V, Notarangelo LD, Germain RN, Radtke AJ, Marioni JC, Taghon T, Teichmann SA. A spatial human thymus cell atlas mapped to a continuous tissue axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.562925. [PMID: 37986877 PMCID: PMC10659407 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.562925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
T cells develop from circulating precursors, which enter the thymus and migrate throughout specialised sub-compartments to support maturation and selection. This process starts already in early fetal development and is highly active until the involution of the thymus in adolescence. To map the micro-anatomical underpinnings of this process in pre- vs. post-natal states, we undertook a spatially resolved analysis and established a new quantitative morphological framework for the thymus, the Cortico-Medullary Axis. Using this axis in conjunction with the curation of a multimodal single-cell, spatial transcriptomics and high-resolution multiplex imaging atlas, we show that canonical thymocyte trajectories and thymic epithelial cells are highly organised and fully established by post-conception week 12, pinpoint TEC progenitor states, find that TEC subsets and peripheral tissue genes are associated with Hassall's Corpuscles and uncover divergence in the pace and drivers of medullary entry between CD4 vs. CD8 T cell lineages. These findings are complemented with a holistic toolkit for spatial analysis and annotation, providing a basis for a detailed understanding of T lymphocyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Yayon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lena Boehme
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chenqu Suo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brianna Wachter
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca T Beuschel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Oren Amsalem
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Simon Koplev
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Tuck
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jolien Van Hulle
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shani Perera
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Putteman
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Monika Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Richardson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Tudor
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Y Kreins
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Engelbert
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fabrizio De Rita
- Freeman Hospital, Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology/Cardiothoracic Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Crossland
- Freeman Hospital, Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology/Cardiothoracic Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesca Pala
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Prete
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lijiang Fei
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken To
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- University of Cambridge, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoling He
- University of Cambridge, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omer Bayraktar
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham E Davies
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muzlifah A Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Uhlmann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ronald N Germain
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea J Radtke
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John C Marioni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Taghon
- Ghent University, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Klochkova A, Karami AL, Fuller AD, Parham LR, Panchani SR, Natarajan S, Jackson JL, Mu A, Tan Y, Cai KQ, Klein-Szanto AJ, Muir AB, Tétreault MP, Hamilton KE, Whelan KA. Autophagy contributes to homeostasis in esophageal epithelium where high autophagic vesicle content marks basal cells with limited proliferation and enhanced self-renewal potential. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558614. [PMID: 37781581 PMCID: PMC10541137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Autophagy has been demonstrated to play roles in esophageal pathologies both benign and malignant. Here, we aim to define the role of autophagy in esophageal epithelium under homeostatic conditions. Methods We generated tamoxifen-inducible, squamous epithelial-specific Atg7 (autophagy related 7) conditional knockout mice to evaluate effects on esophageal homeostasis and response to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) using histological and biochemical analyses. We FACS sorted esophageal basal cells based upon fluorescence of the autophagic vesicle (AV)-identifying dye Cyto-ID, then subjected these cells to transmission electron microscopy, image flow cytometry, 3D organoid assays, RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), and cell cycle analysis. 3D organoids were subjected to passaging, single cell (sc) RNA-Seq, cell cycle analysis, and immunostaining. Results Genetic autophagy inhibition in squamous epithelium resulted in increased proliferation of esophageal basal cells. Esophageal basal cells with high AV level (Cyto-ID High ) displayed limited organoid formation capability upon initial plating but passaged more efficiently than their counterparts with low AV level (Cyto-ID Low ). RNA-Seq suggested increased autophagy in Cyto- ID High esophageal basal cells along with decreased cell cycle progression, the latter of which was confirmed by cell cycle analysis. scRNA-Seq of 3D organoids generated by Cyto-ID Low and Cyto- ID High cells identified expansion of 3 cell populations, enrichment of G2/M-associated genes, and aberrant localization of cell cycle-associated genes beyond basal cell populations in the Cyto- ID High group. Ki67 expression was also increased in organoids generated by Cyto-ID High cells, including in cells beyond the basal cell layer. Squamous epithelial-specific autophagy inhibition induced significant weight loss in mice treated with 4NQO that further displayed perturbed epithelial tissue architecture. Conclusions High AV level identifies esophageal epithelium with limited proliferation and enhanced self-renewal capacity that contributes to maintenance of the esophageal proliferation- differentiation gradient in vivo .
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang Z, Wu F, Laise P, Takayuki T, Na F, Kim W, Kobayashi H, Chang W, Takahashi R, Valenti G, Sunagawa M, White RA, Macchini M, Renz BW, Middelhoff M, Hayakawa Y, Dubeykovskaya ZA, Tan X, Chu TH, Nagar K, Tailor Y, Belin BR, Anand A, Asfaha S, Finlayson MO, Iuga AC, Califano A, Wang TC. Tff2 defines transit-amplifying pancreatic acinar progenitors that lack regenerative potential and are protective against Kras-driven carcinogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1091-1109.e7. [PMID: 37541213 PMCID: PMC10414754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
While adult pancreatic stem cells are thought not to exist, it is now appreciated that the acinar compartment harbors progenitors, including tissue-repairing facultative progenitors (FPs). Here, we study a pancreatic acinar population marked by trefoil factor 2 (Tff2) expression. Long-term lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of Tff2-DTR-CreERT2-targeted cells defines a transit-amplifying progenitor (TAP) population that contributes to normal homeostasis. Following acute and chronic injury, Tff2+ cells, distinct from FPs, undergo depopulation but are eventually replenished. At baseline, oncogenic KrasG12D-targeted Tff2+ cells are resistant to PDAC initiation. However, KrasG12D activation in Tff2+ cells leads to survival and clonal expansion following pancreatitis and a cancer stem/progenitor cell-like state. Selective ablation of Tff2+ cells prior to KrasG12D activation in Mist1+ acinar or Dclk1+ FP cells results in enhanced tumorigenesis, which can be partially rescued by adenoviral Tff2 treatment. Together, Tff2 defines a pancreatic TAP population that protects against Kras-driven carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feijing Wu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pasquale Laise
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; DarwinHealth Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanaka Takayuki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fu Na
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Woosook Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenju Chang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masaki Sunagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth A White
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Macchini
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, CU and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zinaida A Dubeykovskaya
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangtian Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy H Chu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karan Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yagnesh Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryana R Belin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akanksha Anand
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Asfaha
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael O Finlayson
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alina C Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; DarwinHealth Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Q, Qin Y, Li B. CD8 + T cell exhaustion and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216043. [PMID: 36584935 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of most malignant tumors, and CD8+ T cells are the most important antitumor effector cells in the process of immunotherapy, and their number and functional status largely determine the antitumor effect. However, under continuous antigen exposure and the stimulation of inflammatory factors, CD8+ T cells gradually show a weakened proliferation and effector function, accompanied by the expression of a variety of inhibitory receptors. This state is known as CD8+ T cell "exhaustion" and often leads to the loss of control and progression of tumors. Recent studies provided us a better understanding of the mechanisms of T cell exhaustion, this review provides an overview of the activation, exhaustion mechanisms and exhaustion characteristics of CD8+ T cells. Although immunotherapy can reverse the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and significantly improve the antitumor effects, single immunotherapy often has limitations, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory antitumor effects, therefore, this review also summarizes up-to-date information related to cancer immunotherapy, and these emerging insights provide promising clues to the future management of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065603. [PMID: 36982676 PMCID: PMC10052683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are a family of intermediate filament-forming proteins highly specific to epithelial cells. A combination of expressed keratin genes is a defining property of the epithelium belonging to a certain type, organ/tissue, cell differentiation potential, and at normal or pathological conditions. In a variety of processes such as differentiation and maturation, as well as during acute or chronic injury and malignant transformation, keratin expression undergoes switching: an initial keratin profile changes accordingly to changed cell functions and location within a tissue as well as other parameters of cellular phenotype and physiology. Tight control of keratin expression implies the presence of complex regulatory landscapes within the keratin gene loci. Here, we highlight patterns of keratin expression in different biological conditions and summarize disparate data on mechanisms controlling keratin expression at the level of genomic regulatory elements, transcription factors (TFs), and chromatin spatial structure.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vercauteren Drubbel A, Beck B. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers the differentiation of a subset of murine esophageal progenitors into taste buds in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9135. [PMID: 36888721 PMCID: PMC9995038 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mouse esophagus is lined with a stratified epithelium, which is maintained by the constant renewal of unipotent progenitors. In this study, we profiled mouse esophagus by single-cell RNA sequencing and found taste buds specifically in the cervical segment of the esophagus. These taste buds have the same cellular composition as the ones from the tongue but express fewer taste receptor types. State-of-the-art transcriptional regulatory network analysis allowed the identification of specific transcription factors associated to the differentiation of immature progenitors into the three different taste bud cell types. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that esophageal taste buds arise from squamous bipotent progenitor, thus demonstrating that all esophageal progenitors are not unipotent. Our cell resolution characterization of cervical esophagus epithelium will enable a better understanding of esophageal progenitor potency and insights into the mechanisms involved in the development of taste buds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Beck
- IRIBHM, ULB/ Faculty of medicine, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Welbio/FNRS Principal investigator at IRIBHM, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liao G, Tang J, Bai J. Early development of esophageal squamous cell cancer: Stem cells, cellular origins and early clone evolution. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216047. [PMID: 36587837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis, is an example of the classical view of cancer development based on stem cell origin and multistep progression. In the past five years, the applications of large-scale sequencing and single-cell sequencing have expanded to human esophageal normal tissues and precancerous lesions, which, coupled with the application of transgenic lineage tracing technology in mouse models, has provided a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of esophageal stem cell heterogeneity and early clonal evolution of ESCC. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of esophageal basal-layer stem cells and their potential relationship with cells of ESCC origin. We present evidence that expansion of NOTCH1 mutants may call into play an evolutionarily conserved anti-cancer mechanism and mold the model of early clonal evolution in ESCCs. Finally, we discuss the potential avenues in this context. This review provides a focused understanding of the early development of ESCC, as a background for early tumor detection, intervention, and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Unit, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Unit, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ievlev V, Lynch TJ, Freischlag KW, Gries CB, Shah A, Pai AC, Ahlers BA, Park S, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. Krt14 and Krt15 differentially regulate regenerative properties and differentiation potential of airway basal cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162041. [PMID: 36512409 PMCID: PMC9977304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin expression dynamically changes in airway basal cells (BCs) after acute and chronic injury, yet the functional consequences of these changes on BC behavior remain unknown. In bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after lung transplantation, BC clonogenicity declines, which is associated with a switch from keratin15 (Krt15) to keratin14 (Krt14). We investigated these keratins' roles using Crispr-KO in vitro and in vivo and found that Krt14-KO and Krt15-KO produce contrasting phenotypes in terms of differentiation and clonogenicity. Primary mouse Krt14-KO BCs did not differentiate into club and ciliated cells but had enhanced clonogenicity. By contrast, Krt15-KO did not alter BC differentiation but impaired clonogenicity in vitro and reduced the number of label-retaining BCs in vivo after injury. Krt14, but not Krt15, bound the tumor suppressor stratifin (Sfn). Disruption of Krt14, but not of Krt15, reduced Sfn protein abundance and increased expression of the oncogene dNp63a during BC differentiation, whereas dNp63a levels were reduced in Krt15-KO BCs. Overall, the phenotype of Krt15-KO BCs contrasts with Krt14-KO phenotype and resembles the phenotype in BO with decreased clonogenicity, increased Krt14, and decreased dNp63a expression. This work demonstrates that Krt14 and Krt15 functionally regulate BC behavior, which is relevant in chronic disease states like BO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kyle W. Freischlag
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Caitlyn B. Gries
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anit Shah
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Albert C. Pai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Flashner S, Martin C, Matsuura N, Shimonosono M, Tomita Y, Morimoto M, Okolo O, Yu VX, Parikh AS, Klein-Szanto AJP, Yan K, Gabre JT, Lu C, Momen-Heravi F, Rustgi AK, Nakagawa H. Modeling Oral-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 3D Organoids. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64676. [PMID: 36622034 PMCID: PMC10037110 DOI: 10.3791/64676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is prevalent worldwide, accounting for 90% of all esophageal cancer cases each year, and is the deadliest of all human squamous cell carcinomas. Despite recent progress in defining the molecular changes accompanying ESCC initiation and development, patient prognosis remains poor. The functional annotation of these molecular changes is the necessary next step and requires models that both capture the molecular features of ESCC and can be readily and inexpensively manipulated for functional annotation. Mice treated with the tobacco smoke mimetic 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) predictably form ESCC and esophageal preneoplasia. Of note, 4NQO lesions also arise in the oral cavity, most commonly in the tongue, as well as the forestomach, which all share the stratified squamous epithelium. However, these mice cannot be simply manipulated for functional hypothesis testing, as generating isogenic mouse models is time- and resource-intensive. Herein, we overcome this limitation by generating single cell-derived three-dimensional (3D) organoids from mice treated with 4NQO to characterize murine ESCC or preneoplastic cells ex vivo. These organoids capture the salient features of ESCC and esophageal preneoplasia, can be cheaply and quickly leveraged to form isogenic models, and can be utilized for syngeneic transplantation experiments. We demonstrate how to generate 3D organoids from normal, preneoplastic, and SCC murine esophageal tissue and maintain and cryopreserve these organoids. The applications of these versatile organoids are broad and include the utilization of genetically engineered mice and further characterization by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry, the generation of isogeneic organoid lines using CRISPR technologies, and drug screening or syngeneic transplantation. We believe that the widespread adoption of the techniques demonstrated in this protocol will accelerate progress in this field to combat the severe burden of ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Organoid and Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University
| | | | | | - Yasuto Tomita
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University
| | | | - Victoria X Yu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University
| | - Anuraag S Parikh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University
| | | | - Kelley Yan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Organoid and Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University
| | - Joel T Gabre
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University
| | - Chao Lu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; Organoid and Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raad S, David A, Sagniez M, Paré B, Orfi Z, Dumont NA, Smith MA, Faure C. iPSCs derived from esophageal atresia patients reveal SOX2 dysregulation at the anterior foregut stage. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049541. [PMID: 36317486 PMCID: PMC10655818 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of well-regulated cellular and molecular events result in the compartmentalization of the anterior foregut into the esophagus and trachea. Disruption of the compartmentalization process leads to esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). The cause of EA/TEF remains largely unknown. Therefore, to mimic the early development of the esophagus and trachea, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from EA/TEF patients, and iPSCs and embryonic stem cells from healthy individuals into mature three-dimensional esophageal organoids. CXCR4, SOX17 and GATA4 expression was similar in both patient-derived and healthy endodermal cells. The expression of the key transcription factor SOX2 was significantly lower in the patient-derived anterior foregut. We also observed an abnormal expression of NKX2.1 (or NKX2-1) in the patient-derived mature esophageal organoids. At the anterior foregut stage, RNA sequencing revealed the critical genes GSTM1 and RAB37 to be significantly lower in the patient-derived anterior foregut. We therefore hypothesize that a transient dysregulation of SOX2 and the abnormal expression of NKX2.1 in patient-derived cells could be responsible for the abnormal foregut compartmentalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suleen Raad
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Anu David
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Melanie Sagniez
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Bastien Paré
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zakaria Orfi
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Martin A. Smith
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Esophageal Atresia Clinic and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3715 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Croft W, Evans RPT, Pearce H, Elshafie M, Griffiths EA, Moss P. The single cell transcriptional landscape of esophageal adenocarcinoma and its modulation by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:200. [PMID: 36253784 PMCID: PMC9575245 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has recently proven effective in subsets of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) but little is known regarding the EAC immune microenvironment. We determined the single cell transcriptional profile of EAC in 8 patients who were treatment-naive (n = 4) or had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 4). Analysis of 52,387 cells revealed 10 major cell subsets of tumor, immune and stromal cells. Prior to chemotherapy tumors were heavy infiltrated by T regulatory cells and exhausted effector T cells whilst plasmacytoid dendritic cells were markedly expanded. Two dominant cancer-associated fibroblast populations were also observed whilst endothelial populations were suppressed. Pathological remission following chemotherapy associated with broad reversal of immune abnormalities together with fibroblast transition and an increase in endothelial cells whilst a chemoresistant epithelial stem cell population correlated with poor response. These findings reveal features that underlie and limit the response to current immunotherapy and identify a range of novel opportunities for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Croft
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard P T Evans
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mona Elshafie
- University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ewen A Griffiths
- University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The KEAP1-NRF2 System and Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194702. [PMID: 36230622 PMCID: PMC9564177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of many cytoprotective genes. NRF2 activation is mainly regulated by KEAP1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) through ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Esophageal cancer is classified histologically into two major types: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). ESCC harbors more genetic alterations in the KEAP-NRF2 system than EAC does, which results in NRF2 activation in these cancers. NRF2-addicted ESCC exhibits increased malignancy and acquisition of resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, it has been recognized that the development of drugs targeting the KEAP1-NRF2 system based on the molecular dissection of NRF2 function is important and urgent for the treatment of ESCC, along with efficient clinical screening for NRF2-addicted ESCC patients. Recently, the fate of NRF2-activated cells in esophageal tissues, which was under the influence of strong cell competition, and its relationship to the pathogenesis of ESCC, was clarified. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the KEAP1-NRF2 system and the treatment of ESCC. We propose three main strategies for the treatment of NRF2-addicted cancer: (1) NRF2 inhibitors, (2) synthetic lethal drugs for NRF2-addicted cancers, and (3) NRF2 inducers of the host defense system.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ductal keratin 15 + luminal progenitors in normal breast exhibit a basal-like breast cancer transcriptomic signature. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:81. [PMID: 35821504 PMCID: PMC9276673 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal breast luminal epithelial progenitors have been implicated as cell of origin in basal-like breast cancer, but their anatomical localization remains understudied. Here, we combine collection under the microscope of organoids from reduction mammoplasties and single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of FACS-sorted luminal epithelial cells with multicolor imaging to profile ducts and terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) and compare them with breast cancer subtypes. Unsupervised clustering reveals eleven distinct clusters and a differentiation trajectory starting with keratin 15+ (K15+) progenitors enriched in ducts. Spatial mapping of luminal progenitors is confirmed at the protein level by staining with critical duct markers. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of normal luminal cells with those of breast cancer subtypes suggests a strong correlation between normal breast ductal progenitors and basal-like breast cancer. We propose that K15+ basal-like breast cancers originate in ductal progenitors, which emphasizes the importance of not only lineages but also cellular position within the ductal-lobular tree.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ko KP, Zhang J, Park JI. Establishing transgenic murine esophageal organoids. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101317. [PMID: 35496812 PMCID: PMC9048136 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoid systems are commonly used for disease modeling because of their faithful recapitulation of tissue homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and disease processes. However, there is not an optimal approach for the culture of primary mouse esophageal organoids (EOs). Herein, we provide the detailed steps for an efficient and cost-effective protocol for generating and culturing murine EOs. We also describe how to establish transgenic EOs using viral transduction. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zheng et al. (2021).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Pil Ko
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liao G, Dai N, Xiong T, Wang L, Diao X, Xu Z, Ni Y, Chen D, Jiang A, Lin H, Dai S, Bai J. Single-cell transcriptomics provides insights into the origin and microenvironment of human oesophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e874. [PMID: 35608199 PMCID: PMC9128161 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HIN) is the precursor of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The molecular and functional properties of HIN are determined by intrinsic origin cells and the extrinsic microenvironment. Yet, these factors are poorly understood. Methods We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing of cells from HINs and adjacent tissues from the human oesophagus. We analysed the heterogeneity of basal layer cells and confirmed it using immunostaining. Aneuploid cells in HIN were studied using primary cell culture combined with karyotype analysis. We reconstructed the lineage relationship between tumour and normal populations based on transcriptome similarity. Integration analysis was applied to our epithelial data and published invasive cancer data, and results were confirmed by immunostaining and 3D organoid functional experiments. We also analysed the tumour microenvironment of HIN. Results The basal layer contained two cell populations: KRT15highSTMN1low and KRT15highSTMN1high cells, which were located mainly in the interpapillary and papillary zones, respectively. The KRT15highSTMN1low population more closely resembled stem cells and transcriptome similarity revealed that HIN probably originated from these slow‐cycling KRT15highSTMN1low cells. 3D Organoid experiments and RNA‐sequencing showed that basal‐cell features and the differentiation ability of the normal epithelium were largely retained in HIN, but may change dramatically in tumour invasion stage. Moreover, the tumour microenvironment of HIN was characterised by both inflammation and immunosuppression. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive single‐cell transcriptome landscape of human oesophageal HIN. Our findings on the origin cells and unique microenvironment of HIN will allow for the development of strategies to block tumour progression and even prevent cancer initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Dai
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinwei Diao
- Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanli Ni
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingrong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Airui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao H, Cao M, Deng K, Yang Y, Song J, Ni M, Xie C, Fan W, Ou C, Huang D, Lin L, Liu L, Li Y, Sun H, Cheng X, Wu J, Xia C, Deng X, Mou L, Chen P. The Lineage Differentiation and Dynamic Heterogeneity of Thymic Epithelial Cells During Thymus Organogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805451. [PMID: 35273595 PMCID: PMC8901506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much progress has been made recently in revealing the heterogeneity of the thymic stromal components, the molecular programs of cell lineage divergency and temporal dynamics of thymic epithelial cell (TEC) development are largely elusive. Here, we constructed a single-cell transcriptional landscape of non-hematopoietic cells from mouse thymus spanning embryonic to adult stages, producing transcriptomes of 30,959 TECs. We resolved the transcriptional heterogeneity of developing TECs and highlighted the molecular nature of early TEC lineage determination and cortico-medullary thymic epithelial cell lineage divergency. We further characterized the differentiation dynamics of TECs by clarification of molecularly distinct cell states in the thymus developing trajectory. We also identified a population of Bpifa1+ Plet1+ mTECs that was preserved during thymus organogenesis and highly expressed tissue-resident adult stem cell markers. Finally, we highlighted the expression of Aire-dependent tissue-restricted antigens mainly in Aire+ Csn2+ mTECs and Spink5+ Dmkn+ mTECs in postnatal thymus. Overall, our data provided a comprehensive characterization of cell lineage differentiation, maturation, and temporal dynamics of thymic epithelial cells during thymus organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Gao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengtao Cao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinqi Song
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuntao Xie
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenna Fan
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunpei Ou
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dinggen Huang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizhong Lin
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinmei Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuilan Xia
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals cellular diversity of murine esophageal epithelium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2167. [PMID: 35443762 PMCID: PMC9021266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although morphologic progression coupled with expression of specific molecular markers has been characterized along the esophageal squamous differentiation gradient, the molecular heterogeneity within cell types along this trajectory has yet to be classified at the single cell level. To address this knowledge gap, we perform single cell RNA-sequencing of 44,679 murine esophageal epithelial, to identify 11 distinct cell populations as well as pathways alterations along the basal-superficial axis and in each individual population. We evaluate the impact of aging upon esophageal epithelial cell populations and demonstrate age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. We compare single cell transcriptomic profiles in 3D murine organoids and human esophageal biopsies with that of murine esophageal epithelium. Finally, we employ pseudotemporal trajectory analysis to develop a working model of cell fate determination in murine esophageal epithelium. These studies provide comprehensive molecular perspective on the cellular heterogeneity of murine esophageal epithelium in the context of homeostasis and aging. The level of cellular diversity in the esophageal epithelium has yet to be classified at the single cell level. Here the authors analyze the transcriptome of 44,679 murine esophageal keratinocytes to identify an unexpected level of cellular heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
25
|
CD73 + Epithelial Progenitor Cells That Contribute to Homeostasis and Renewal Are Depleted in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1449-1467. [PMID: 35108658 PMCID: PMC8957025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although basal cell hyperplasia is a histologic hallmark of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), little is known about the capabilities of epithelial renewal and differentiation in the EoE inflammatory milieu. In murine esophageal epithelium, there are self-renewing and slowly proliferating basal stem-like cells characterized by concurrent expression of CD73 (5'-nucleotidase ecto) and CD104 (integrin β4). Here, we investigated CD73+CD104+ cells within the basal population of human esophageal epithelium and clarified the biological significance of these cells in the EoE epithelium. METHODS We performed flow cytometry on esophageal biopsy samples from EoE and non-EoE patients to determine the quantity of CD73+CD104+ cells in the epithelium. Simulating the EoE milieu we stimulated primary patient-derived and immortalized cell line-derived esophageal organoids with interleukin (IL)4 and IL13 and analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on primary organoids in the setting of IL13 stimulation and evaluated the CD73+CD104+ population. We performed fluorescent-activated cell sorting to purify CD73+CD104+ and CD73- CD104+ populations and seeded these groups in organoid culture to evaluate the organoid formation rate and organoid size. We used RNA interference to knock down CD73 in esophageal organoids to evaluate organoid formation rates and size. We evaluated the effects of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling inhibition by RNA interference, a STAT6 inhibitor, AS1517499, as well as the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole. RESULTS EoE patients showed decreased epithelial CD73+CD104+ cell content. IL4 and IL13 stimulation depleted this population in 3-dimensional organoids with a recapitulation of basal cell hyperplasia as corroborated by single-cell RNA sequencing of the organoids, which suggests depletion of CD73+CD104+ cells. The CD73+CD104+ population had enhanced organoid formation compared with the CD73-CD104+ population. Similarly, knock-down of CD73 resulted in decreased organoid formation rate. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of STAT6 prevented T helper 2 cytokine-induced depletion of CD73+CD104+ cells. Lastly, omeprazole treatment prevented the effects of IL4 and IL13 on the CD73+CD104+ population. CONCLUSIONS This study addressed the role of CD73+CD104+ cells in epithelial renewal and homeostasis in the context of EoE. The depletion of the CD73+CD104+ self-renewal population by helper T cell 2 cytokines in EoE milieu may be perpetuating epithelial injury. Future therapies targeting epithelial restitution in EoE could decrease the need for immune modulation and steroid therapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
A new murine esophageal organoid culture method and organoid-based model of esophageal squamous cell neoplasia. iScience 2021; 24:103440. [PMID: 34877497 PMCID: PMC8633967 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids mimic the physiologic and pathologic events of organs. However, no consensus on esophageal organoid (EO) culture methods has been reached. Moreover, organoid models reproducing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) initiation have been unavailable. Herein, we sought to develop an esophageal minimum essential organoid culture medium (E-MEOM) for culturing murine EOs and establishing an early ESCC model. We formulated E-MEOM to grow EOs from a single cell with clonal expansion, maintenance, and passage. We found that EOs cultured in E-MEOM were equivalent to the esophageal epithelium by histological analysis and transcriptomic study. Trp53 knockout and KrasG12D expression in EOs induced the development of esophageal squamous neoplasia, an early lesion of ESCC. Here we propose the new formula for EO culture with minimum components and the organoid model recapitulating ESCC initiation, laying the foundation for ESCC research and drug discovery. Identification of minimal components for murine EO growth and maintenance Mouse EOs morphologically and transcriptionally recapitulate the human esophagus Trp53 KO and KrasG12D induced esophageal neoplasia mimicking early ESCC
Collapse
|
27
|
Flashner S, Yan KS, Nakagawa H. 3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host-Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2182. [PMID: 34835308 PMCID: PMC8622040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This critical knowledge gap is partially due to inadequate modeling of host-microbiome interactions in the etiology of esophageal cancers. Recent advances have enabled progress in this field. Three dimensional (3D) organoids faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelia of the esophagus ex vivo and serve as a platform translatable for applications in precision medicine. Elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the co-culture of 3D organoids with the bacterial microbiome has fostered insight into the pathogenic role of the microbiome in other GI cancers. Herein, we will summarize our current understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer, discuss 3D organoid models of esophageal homeostasis, review analogous models of host-microbiome interactions in other GI cancers, and advocate for the application of these models to esophageal cancers. Together, we present a promising, novel approach with the potential to ameliorate the burden of esophageal cancer-related morbidity and mortality via improved prevention and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Kelley S. Yan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Spurlock B, Parker D, Basu MK, Hjelmeland A, GC S, Liu S, Siegal GP, Gunter A, Moran A, Mitra K. Fine-tuned repression of Drp1-driven mitochondrial fission primes a 'stem/progenitor-like state' to support neoplastic transformation. eLife 2021; 10:e68394. [PMID: 34545812 PMCID: PMC8497058 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene knockout of the master regulator of mitochondrial fission, Drp1, prevents neoplastic transformation. Also, mitochondrial fission and its opposing process of mitochondrial fusion are emerging as crucial regulators of stemness. Intriguingly, stem/progenitor cells maintaining repressed mitochondrial fission are primed for self-renewal and proliferation. Using our newly derived carcinogen transformed human cell model, we demonstrate that fine-tuned Drp1 repression primes a slow cycling 'stem/progenitor-like state', which is characterized by small networks of fused mitochondria and a gene-expression profile with elevated functional stem/progenitor markers (Krt15, Sox2 etc) and their regulators (Cyclin E). Fine tuning Drp1 protein by reducing its activating phosphorylation sustains the neoplastic stem/progenitor cell markers. Whereas, fine-tuned reduction of Drp1 protein maintains the characteristic mitochondrial shape and gene-expression of the primed 'stem/progenitor-like state' to accelerate neoplastic transformation, and more complete reduction of Drp1 protein prevents it. Therefore, our data highlights a 'goldilocks' level of Drp1 repression supporting stem/progenitor state dependent neoplastic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Spurlock
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Danitra Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Anita Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Sajina GC
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Gene P Siegal
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Genetics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Alan Gunter
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Aida Moran
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Seleit A, Gross K, Onistschenko J, Hoang OP, Theelke J, Centanin L. Local tissue interactions govern pLL patterning in medaka. Dev Biol 2021; 481:1-13. [PMID: 34517003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate organs are arranged in a stereotypic, species-specific position along the animal body plan. Substantial morphological variation exists between related species, especially so in the vastly diversified teleost clade. It is still unclear how tissues, organs and systems can accommodate such diverse scaffolds. Here, we use the distinctive arrangement of neuromasts in the posterior lateral line (pLL) system of medaka fish to address the tissue-interactions defining a pattern. We show that patterning in this peripheral nervous system is established by autonomous organ precursors independent of neuronal wiring. In addition, we target the keratin 15 gene to generate stuck-in-the-midline (siml) mutants, which display epithelial lesions and a disrupted pLL patterning. By using siml/wt chimeras, we determine that the aberrant siml pLL pattern depends on the mutant epithelium, since a wild type epithelium can rescue the siml phenotype. Inducing epithelial lesions by 2-photon laser ablation during pLL morphogenesis phenocopies siml genetic mutants and reveals that epithelial integrity defines the final position of the embryonic pLL neuromasts. Our results using the medaka pLL disentangle intrinsic from extrinsic properties during the establishment of a sensory system. We speculate that intrinsic programs guarantee proper organ morphogenesis, while instructive interactions from surrounding tissues facilitates the accommodation of sensory organs to the diverse body plans found among teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seleit
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Gross
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Onistschenko
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oi Pui Hoang
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Theelke
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lázaro Centanin
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Velalopoulou A, Karagounis IV, Cramer GM, Kim MM, Skoufos G, Goia D, Hagan S, Verginadis II, Shoniyozov K, Chiango J, Cerullo M, Varner K, Yao L, Qin L, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Minn AJ, Putt M, Lanza M, Assenmacher CA, Radaelli E, Huck J, Diffenderfer E, Dong L, Metz J, Koumenis C, Cengel KA, Maity A, Busch TM. FLASH proton radiotherapy spares normal epithelial and mesenchymal tissues while preserving sarcoma response. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4808-4821. [PMID: 34321243 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In studies of electron and proton radiotherapy, ultrahigh dose rates of FLASH radiation therapy appear to produce fewer toxicities than standard dose rates while maintaining local tumor control. FLASH-proton radiotherapy (F-PRT) brings the spatial advantages of PRT to FLASH dose rates (>40 Gy/sec), making it important to understand if and how F-PRT spares normal tissues while providing anti-tumor efficacy that is equivalent to standard-proton radiotherapy (S-PRT). Here we studied PRT damage to skin and mesenchymal tissues of muscle and bone and found that F-PRT of the C57BL/6 murine hind leg produced fewer severe toxicities leading to death or requiring euthanasia than S-PRT of the same dose. RNAseq analyses of murine skin and bone revealed pathways upregulated by S-PRT yet unaltered by F-PRT, such as apoptosis signaling and keratinocyte differentiation in skin, as well as osteoclast differentiation and chondrocyte development in bone. Corroborating these findings, F-PRT reduced skin injury, stem cell depletion, and inflammation, mitigated late effects including lymphedema, and decreased histopathologically detected myofiber atrophy, bone resorption, hair follicle atrophy, and epidermal hyperplasia. F-PRT was equipotent to S-PRT in control of two murine sarcoma models, including at an orthotopic intramuscular site, thereby establishing its relevance to mesenchymal cancers. Finally, S-PRT produced greater increases in TGF-β1 in murine skin and the skin of canines enrolled in a phase 1 study of F-PRT versus S-PRT. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into F-PRT-mediated tissue sparing and support its ongoing investigation in applications that would benefit from this sparing of skin and mesenchymal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michele M Kim
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | | | - Denisa Goia
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Hagan
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - June Chiango
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Michelle Cerullo
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kelley Varner
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Lutian Yao
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ling Qin
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Andy J Minn
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia
| | - Mary Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | | | - Jennifer Huck
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Lei Dong
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - James Metz
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Amit Maity
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pereira D, Sequeira I. A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682143. [PMID: 34381771 PMCID: PMC8350526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most rapidly dividing tissues in the body, holding a natural ability for renewal and regeneration. This ability is crucial for survival as epithelia are essential to provide the ultimate barrier against the external environment, protecting the underlying tissues. Tissue stem and progenitor cells are responsible for self-renewal and repair during homeostasis and following injury. Upon wounding, epithelial tissues undergo different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, often resulting in fibrosis and scarring. In this review, we explore the phenotypic differences between the skin, the oesophagus and the oral mucosa. We discuss the plasticity of these epithelial stem cells and contribution of different fibroblast subpopulations for tissue regeneration and wound healing. While these epithelial tissues share global mechanisms of stem cell behaviour for tissue renewal and regeneration, the oral mucosa is known for its outstanding healing potential with minimal scarring. We aim to provide an updated review of recent studies that combined cell therapy with bioengineering exporting the unique scarless properties of the oral mucosa to improve skin and oesophageal wound healing and to reduce fibrotic tissue formation. These advances open new avenues toward the ultimate goal of achieving scarless wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Altshuler A, Amitai-Lange A, Tarazi N, Dey S, Strinkovsky L, Hadad-Porat S, Bhattacharya S, Nasser W, Imeri J, Ben-David G, Abboud-Jarrous G, Tiosano B, Berkowitz E, Karin N, Savir Y, Shalom-Feuerstein R. Discrete limbal epithelial stem cell populations mediate corneal homeostasis and wound healing. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1248-1261.e8. [PMID: 33984282 PMCID: PMC8254798 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The accessibility and transparency of the cornea permit robust stem cell labeling and in vivo cell fate mapping. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LSCs) that renew the cornea are traditionally viewed as rare, slow-cycling cells that follow deterministic rules dictating their self-renewal or differentiation. Here, we combined single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced quantitative lineage tracing for in-depth analysis of the murine limbal epithelium. These analysis revealed the co-existence of two LSC populations localized in separate and well-defined sub-compartments, termed the "outer" and "inner" limbus. The primitive population of quiescent outer LSCs participates in wound healing and boundary formation, and these cells are regulated by T cells, which serve as a niche. In contrast, the inner peri-corneal limbus hosts active LSCs that maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis. Quantitative analyses suggest that LSC populations are abundant, following stochastic rules and neutral drift dynamics. Together these results demonstrate that discrete LSC populations mediate corneal homeostasis and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altshuler
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aya Amitai-Lange
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Tarazi
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sunanda Dey
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Strinkovsky
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Hadad-Porat
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Swarnabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Waseem Nasser
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jusuf Imeri
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Ben-David
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ghada Abboud-Jarrous
- Department of Immunology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Beatrice Tiosano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Eran Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yonatan Savir
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hayakawa Y, Nakagawa H, Rustgi AK, Que J, Wang TC. Stem cells and origins of cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1343-1361. [PMID: 34129814 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The esophagus and stomach, joined by a unique transitional zone, contain actively dividing epithelial stem cells required for organ homeostasis. Upon prolonged inflammation, epithelial cells in both organs can undergo a cell fate switch leading to intestinal metaplasia, predisposing to malignancy. Here we discuss the biology of gastroesophageal stem cells and their role as cells of origin in cancer. We summarize the interactions between the stromal niche and gastroesophageal stem cells in metaplasia and early expansion of mutated stem-cell-derived clones during carcinogenesis. Finally, we review new approaches under development to better study gastroesophageal stem cells and advance the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Collin J, Queen R, Zerti D, Bojic S, Dorgau B, Moyse N, Molina MM, Yang C, Dey S, Reynolds G, Hussain R, Coxhead JM, Lisgo S, Henderson D, Joseph A, Rooney P, Ghosh S, Clarke L, Connon C, Haniffa M, Figueiredo F, Armstrong L, Lako M. A single cell atlas of human cornea that defines its development, limbal progenitor cells and their interactions with the immune cells. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:279-298. [PMID: 33865984 PMCID: PMC8343164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Single cell (sc) analyses of key embryonic, fetal and adult stages were performed to generate a comprehensive single cell atlas of all the corneal and adjacent conjunctival cell types from development to adulthood. Methods Four human adult and seventeen embryonic and fetal corneas from 10 to 21 post conception week (PCW) specimens were dissociated to single cells and subjected to scRNA- and/or ATAC-Seq using the 10x Genomics platform. These were embedded using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and clustered using Seurat graph-based clustering. Cluster identification was performed based on marker gene expression, bioinformatic data mining and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. RNA interference, IF, colony forming efficiency and clonal assays were performed on cultured limbal epithelial cells (LECs). Results scRNA-Seq analysis of 21,343 cells from four adult human corneas and adjacent conjunctivas revealed the presence of 21 cell clusters, representing the progenitor and differentiated cells in all layers of cornea and conjunctiva as well as immune cells, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and blood/lymphatic vessels. A small cell cluster with high expression of limbal progenitor cell (LPC) markers was identified and shown via pseudotime analysis to give rise to five other cell types representing all the subtypes of differentiated limbal and corneal epithelial cells. A novel putative LPCs surface marker, GPHA2, expressed on the surface of 0.41% ± 0.21 of the cultured LECs, was identified, based on predominant expression in the limbal crypts of adult and developing cornea and RNAi validation in cultured LECs. Combining scRNA- and ATAC-Seq analyses, we identified multiple upstream regulators for LPCs and demonstrated a close interaction between the immune cells and limbal progenitor cells. RNA-Seq analysis indicated the loss of GPHA2 expression and acquisition of proliferative limbal basal epithelial cell markers during ex vivo LEC expansion, independently of the culture method used. Extending the single cell analyses to keratoconus, we were able to reveal activation of collagenase in the corneal stroma and a reduced pool of limbal suprabasal cells as two key changes underlying the disease phenotype. Single cell RNA-Seq of 89,897 cells obtained from embryonic and fetal cornea indicated that during development, the conjunctival epithelium is the first to be specified from the ocular surface epithelium, followed by the corneal epithelium and the establishment of LPCs, which predate the formation of limbal niche by a few weeks. Conclusions Our scRNA-and ATAC-Seq data of developing and adult cornea in steady state and disease conditions provide a unique resource for defining genes/pathways that can lead to improvement in ex vivo LPCs expansion, stem cell differentiation methods and better understanding and treatment of ocular surface disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sanja Bojic
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Nicky Moyse
- Newcastle Cellular Therapies Facility, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Marina Moya Molina
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sunanda Dey
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Jonathan M Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Deborah Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Agatha Joseph
- NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Rooney
- NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Lucy Clarke
- UK Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Che Connon
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Francisco Figueiredo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK; UK Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sachdeva UM, Shimonosono M, Flashner S, Cruz-Acuña R, Gabre JT, Nakagawa H. Understanding the cellular origin and progression of esophageal cancer using esophageal organoids. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:39-52. [PMID: 33838281 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoids are a novel tool to model epithelial cell biology and human diseases of the esophagus. 3D organoid culture systems have been utilized to investigate the pathobiology of esophageal cancer, including both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Additional organoid-based approaches for study of esophageal development and benign esophageal diseases have provided key insights into esophageal keratinocyte differentiation and mucosal regeneration. These investigations have implications for the identification of esophageal cancer stem cells, as well as the potential to halt malignant progression through induction of differentiation pathways. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from human tissue samples allow for unique and faithful in vitro modeling of esophageal cancers, and provide an exciting platform for investigation into personalized medicine and targeted treatment approaches, as well as new models for understanding therapy resistance and recurrent disease. Future directions include high-throughput genomic screening using PDOs, and study of tumor-microenvironmental interactions through co-culture with immune and stromal cells and novel extracellular matrix complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma M Sachdeva
- Divison of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel T Gabre
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Y, Bailey D, Yang P, Kim E, Que J. The development and stem cells of the esophagus. Development 2021; 148:148/6/dev193839. [PMID: 33782045 PMCID: PMC8034879 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The esophagus is derived from the anterior portion of the foregut endoderm, which also gives rise to the respiratory system. As it develops, the esophageal lining is transformed from a simple columnar epithelium into a stratified squamous cell layer, accompanied by the replacement of unspecified mesenchyme with layers of muscle cells. Studies in animal models have provided significant insights into the roles of various signaling pathways in esophageal development. More recent studies using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) further demonstrate that some of these signaling pathways are conserved in human esophageal development. In addition, a combination of mouse genetics and hPSC differentiation approaches have uncovered new players that control esophageal morphogenesis. In this Review, we summarize these new findings and discuss how the esophagus is established and matures throughout different stages, including its initial specification, respiratory-esophageal separation, epithelial morphogenesis and maintenance. We also discuss esophageal muscular development and enteric nervous system innervation, which are essential for esophageal structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Dominique Bailey
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Patrick Yang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Busslinger GA, Weusten BLA, Bogte A, Begthel H, Brosens LAA, Clevers H. Human gastrointestinal epithelia of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum resolved at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108819. [PMID: 33691112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The upper gastrointestinal tract, consisting of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, controls food transport, digestion, nutrient uptake, and hormone production. By single-cell analysis of healthy epithelia of these human organs, we molecularly define their distinct cell types. We identify a quiescent COL17A1high KRT15high stem/progenitor cell population in the most basal cell layer of the esophagus and detect substantial gene expression differences between identical cell types of the human and mouse stomach. Selective expression of BEST4, CFTR, guanylin, and uroguanylin identifies a rare duodenal cell type, referred to as BCHE cell, which likely mediates high-volume fluid secretion because of continual activation of the CFTR channel by guanylin/uroguanylin-mediated autocrine signaling. Serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells in the antral stomach significantly differ in gene expression from duodenal enterochromaffin cells. We, furthermore, discover that the histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like cells in the oxyntic stomach express the luteinizing hormone, yet another member of the enteroendocrine hormone family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Busslinger
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas L A Weusten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Auke Bogte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A A Brosens
- Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee SN, Kim SJ, Yoon SA, Song JM, Ahn JS, Kim HC, Choi AMK, Yoon JH. CD44v3-Positive Intermediate Progenitor Cells Contribute to Airway Goblet Cell Hyperplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:247-259. [PMID: 33264080 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0350oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In allergic airway diseases, intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) increase in number in the surface epithelium. IPCs arise from basal cells, the origin of hallmark pathological changes, including goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion. Thus, targeting IPCs will benefit future treatment of allergic airway diseases. However, the lack of adequate cell surface markers for IPCs limits their identification and characterization. We now show that CD44 containing exon v3 (CD44v3) is a surface marker for IPCs that are capable of both proliferating and generating differentiated goblet cells in allergic human nasal epithelium. In primary human nasal epithelial cells that had differentiated at an air-liquid interface, IL-4 upregulated mRNA expression of three CD44v variants that include exon v3 (CD44v3-v6, CD44v3,v8-v10, and CD44v3-v10), and it induced expression of CD44v3 protein in the basal and suprabasal layers of the culture. FACS analysis revealed two subpopulations differing in CD44v3 concentrations, as follows: CD44v3low cells expressed high amounts of proliferative and basal cell markers (Ki-67 and TP63), whereas CD44v3high cells strongly expressed progenitor and immature and mature goblet cell markers (SOX2, CA2, and SPDEF). Importantly, a blocking anti-CD44 antibody suppressed IL-4-induced mucin production by human nasal epithelial cells. Furthermore, CD44v3 was coexpressed with TP63, KRT5, or SOX2 and was upregulated in the basal and suprabasal layers of the nasal surface epithelium of subjects with allergic rhinitis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that high CD44v3 expression contributes to goblet cell hyperplasia in inflammation of the allergic airway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Augustine M K Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- The Airway Mucus Institute and.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bautista JL, Cramer NT, Miller CN, Chavez J, Berrios DI, Byrnes LE, Germino J, Ntranos V, Sneddon JB, Burt TD, Gardner JM, Ye CJ, Anderson MS, Parent AV. Single-cell transcriptional profiling of human thymic stroma uncovers novel cellular heterogeneity in the thymic medulla. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1096. [PMID: 33597545 PMCID: PMC7889611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus' key function in the immune system is to provide the necessary environment for the development of diverse and self-tolerant T lymphocytes. While recent evidence suggests that the thymic stroma is comprised of more functionally distinct subpopulations than previously appreciated, the extent of this cellular heterogeneity in the human thymus is not well understood. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively profile the human thymic stroma across multiple stages of life. Mesenchyme, pericytes and endothelial cells are identified as potential key regulators of thymic epithelial cell differentiation and thymocyte migration. In-depth analyses of epithelial cells reveal the presence of ionocytes as a medullary population, while the expression of tissue-specific antigens is mapped to different subsets of epithelial cells. This work thus provides important insight on how the diversity of thymic cells is established, and how this heterogeneity contributes to the induction of immune tolerance in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhoanne L Bautista
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathan T Cramer
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corey N Miller
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Chavez
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David I Berrios
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Byrnes
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joe Germino
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Ntranos
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Neonatology and the Children's Health & Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun J Ye
- Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tang Q, Lento A, Suzuki K, Efe G, Karakasheva T, Long A, Giroux V, Islam M, Wileyto EP, Klein‐Szanto AJ, Nakagawa H, Bass A, Rustgi AK. Rab11-FIP1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in esophageal cancer. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e48351. [PMID: 33403789 PMCID: PMC7857540 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer worldwide. The most commonly mutated gene in ESCC is TP53. Using a combinatorial genetic and carcinogenic approach, we generate a novel mouse model of ESCC expressing either mutant or null p53 and show that mutant p53 exhibits enhanced tumorigenic properties and displays a distinct genomic profile. Through RNA-seq analysis, we identify several endocytic recycling genes, including Rab Coupling Protein (Rab11-FIP1), which are significantly downregulated in mutant p53 tumor cells. In 3-dimensional (3D) organoid models, genetic knockdown of Rab11-FIP1 results in increased organoid size. Loss of Rab11-FIP1 increases tumor cell invasion in part through mutant p53 but also in an independent manner. Furthermore, loss of Rab11-FIP1 in human ESCC cell lines decreases E-cadherin expression and increases mesenchymal lineage-specific markers, suggesting induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Rab11-FIP1 regulates EMT through direct inhibition of Zeb1, a key EMT transcriptional factor. Our novel findings reveal that Rab11-FIP1 regulates organoid formation, tumor cell invasion, and EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosi Tang
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ashley Lento
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Gizem Efe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Tatiana Karakasheva
- Gastrointestinal Epithelium Modeling ProgramDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Apple Long
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Véronique Giroux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada
| | - Mirazul Islam
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - E Paul Wileyto
- Abramson Cancer CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Andres J Klein‐Szanto
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology ProgramFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Adam Bass
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Thorsen AS, Khamis D, Kemp R, Colombé M, Lourenço FC, Morrissey E, Winton D. Heterogeneity in clone dynamics within and adjacent to intestinal tumours identified by Dre-mediated lineage tracing. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm046706. [PMID: 33093165 PMCID: PMC7823168 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic models of tissue pathology commonly use induction of gene-specific mutations in mice mediated by spatiotemporal regulation of Cre recombinase. Subsequent investigation of the onset and development of disease can be limited by the inability to track changing cellular behaviours over time. Here, a lineage-tracing approach based on ligand-dependent activation of Dre recombinase that can be employed independently of Cre is described. The clonal biology of the intestinal epithelium following Cre-mediated stabilisation of β-catenin reveals that, within tumours, many new clones rapidly become extinct. Surviving clones show accelerated population of tumour glands compared to normal intestinal crypts but in a non-uniform manner, indicating that intra-tumour glands follow heterogeneous dynamics. In tumour-adjacent epithelia, clone sizes are smaller than in the background epithelia, as a whole. This suggests a zone of ∼seven crypt diameters within which clone expansion is inhibited by tumours and that may facilitate their growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Thorsen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Doran Khamis
- University of Oxford, Center for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Richard Kemp
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Mathilde Colombé
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Filipe C. Lourenço
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Edward Morrissey
- University of Oxford, Center for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Douglas Winton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Keratin intermediate filaments in the colon: guardians of epithelial homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105878. [PMID: 33152513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filament proteins are major cytoskeletal components of the mammalian simple layered columnar epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract. Human colon crypt epithelial cells express keratins 18, 19 and 20 as the major type I keratins, and keratin 8 as the type II keratin. Keratin expression patterns vary between species, and mouse colonocytes express keratin 7 as a second type II keratin. Colonic keratin patterns change during cell differentiation, such that K20 increases in the more differentiated crypt cells closer to the central lumen. Keratins provide a structural and mechanical scaffold to support cellular stability, integrity and stress protection in this rapidly regenerating tissue. They participate in central colonocyte processes including barrier function, ion transport, differentiation, proliferation and inflammatory signaling. The cell-specific keratin compositions in different epithelial tissues has allowed for the utilization of keratin-based diagnostic methods. Since the keratin expression pattern in tumors often resembles that in the primary tissue, it can be used to recognize metastases of colonic origin. This review focuses on recent findings on the biological functions of mammalian colon epithelial keratins obtained from pivotal in vivo models. We also discuss the diagnostic value of keratins in chronic colonic disease and known keratin alterations in colon pathologies. This review describes the biochemical properties of keratins and their molecular actions in colonic epithelial cells and highlights diagnostic data in colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients, which may facilitate the recognition of disease subtypes and the establishment of personal therapies in the future.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chiba Y, Saito K, Martin D, Boger ET, Rhodes C, Yoshizaki K, Nakamura T, Yamada A, Morell RJ, Yamada Y, Fukumoto S. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing From Mouse Incisor Reveals Dental Epithelial Cell-Type Specific Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:841. [PMID: 32984333 PMCID: PMC7490294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental epithelial stem cells give rise to four types of dental epithelial cells: inner enamel epithelium (IEE), outer enamel epithelium (OEE), stratum intermedium (SI), and stellate reticulum (SR). IEE cells further differentiate into enamel-forming ameloblasts, which play distinct roles, and are essential for enamel formation. These are conventionally classified by their shape, although their transcriptome and biological roles are yet to be fully understood. Here, we aimed to use single-cell RNA sequencing to clarify the heterogeneity of dental epithelial cell types. Unbiased clustering of 6,260 single cells from incisors of postnatal day 7 mice classified them into two clusters of ameloblast, IEE/OEE, SI/SR, and two mesenchymal populations. Secretory-stage ameloblasts expressed Amel and Enam were divided into Dspp + and Ambn + ameloblasts. Pseudo-time analysis indicated Dspp + ameloblasts differentiate into Ambn + ameloblasts. Further, Dspp and Ambn could be stage-specific markers of ameloblasts. Gene ontology analysis of each cluster indicated potent roles of cell types: OEE in the regulation of tooth size and SR in the transport of nutrients. Subsequently, we identified novel dental epithelial cell marker genes, namely Pttg1, Atf3, Cldn10, and Krt15. The results not only provided a resource of transcriptome data in dental cells but also contributed to the molecular analyses of enamel formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kan Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich T Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Rhodes
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bmi1 Severs as a Potential Tumor-Initiating Cell Marker and Therapeutic Target in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8877577. [PMID: 32884573 PMCID: PMC7455816 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8877577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a frequent malignant tumor with low 5-year overall survival. Targeting ESCC tumor-initiating cells (TICs) may provide a new research avenue to achieve better therapeutic effects of ESCC. However, the identity and characteristics of ESCC TICs remain poorly understood. Through genetic lineage tracing approach, we found that a group of Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1- (Bmi1-) expressing cell populations present in the invasive front of the esophageal epithelium, providing a continuous flow of tumor cells for ESCC. Subsequently, we found that ablation of Bmi1+ cells from mice with ESCC led to inhibition of tumor growth. In addition, our results demonstrated that PTC-209, an inhibitor of Bmi1, was able to inhibit ESCC progression when combined with cisplatin. In summary, our data suggest that Bmi1+ cells serve as TICs in ESCC.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhou C, Fan N, Liu F, Fang N, Plum PS, Thieme R, Gockel I, Gromnitza S, Hillmer AM, Chon SH, Schlösser HA, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Linking Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity to Therapeutic Resistance-Mechanism and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Esophageal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061481. [PMID: 32560537 PMCID: PMC7349233 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive form of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC) as two predominant histological subtypes. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to initiate and maintain EAC or ESCC. In this review, we aim to collect the current evidence on CSCs in esophageal cancer, including the biomarkers/characterization strategies of CSCs, heterogeneity of CSCs, and the key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, YAP, JAK/STAT3) in modulating CSCs during esophageal cancer progression. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance in EC highlights DNA damage response (DDR), metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the role of the crosstalk of CSCs and their niche in the tumor progression. According to these molecular findings, potential therapeutic implications of targeting esophageal CSCs may provide novel strategies for the clinical management of esophageal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Ningbo Fan
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Fanyu Liu
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nan Fang
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Yaogu Avenue 11, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Patrick S. Plum
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Sascha Gromnitza
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Axel M. Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Seung-Hun Chon
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Hans A. Schlösser
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-4783-0601; Fax: +49-221-4783-0664
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lin JB, Feng Z, Qiu ML, Luo RG, Li X, Liu B. KRT 15 as a prognostic biomarker is highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1903-1909. [PMID: 32449621 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the expression and prognostic value of KRT 15 in esophageal carcinoma. Materials & methods: The expression levels of KRT 15 were measured in 128 cases of esophageal carcinoma and matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. Results & conclusion: Western blot analysis shown the expression levels of KRT 15 in esophageal carcinoma were significantly higher compared with those in matched adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). immunohistochemistry result shown the high-expression rate of KRT 15 in esophageal carcinoma were 56.3%, which was significantly higher than those in normal tissues (35.9%; p = 0.002). KRT 15 high-expression correlated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis stage and prognosis (p < 0.05). These data indicate KRT 15 as a prognostic biomarker is highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Lin
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Ming-Lian Qiu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Rong-Gang Luo
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Chazhong Road 20#, Fuzhou City, 350005, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Piedrafita G, Kostiou V, Wabik A, Colom B, Fernandez-Antoran D, Herms A, Murai K, Hall BA, Jones PH. A single-progenitor model as the unifying paradigm of epidermal and esophageal epithelial maintenance in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1429. [PMID: 32188860 PMCID: PMC7080751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult skin epidermis and the epithelium lining the esophagus cells are constantly shed from the tissue surface and replaced by cell division. Tracking genetically labelled cells in transgenic mice has given insight into cell behavior, but conflicting models appear consistent with the results. Here, we use an additional transgenic assay to follow cell division in mouse esophagus and the epidermis at multiple body sites. We find that proliferating cells divide at a similar rate, and place bounds on the distribution cell cycle times. By including these results in a common analytic approach, we show that data from eight lineage tracing experiments is consistent with tissue maintenance by a single population of proliferating cells. The outcome of a given cell division is unpredictable but, on average, the likelihood of producing proliferating and differentiating cells is equal, ensuring cellular homeostasis. These findings are key to understanding squamous epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Piedrafita
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 29029, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Kostiou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Albert Herms
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kasumi Murai
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Benjamin A Hall
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Philip H Jones
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cho WK, Kim HI, Kim SY, Seo HH, Song J, Kim J, Shin DS, Jo Y, Choi H, Lee JH, Moh SH. Anti-Aging Effects of Leontopodium alpinum (Edelweiss) Callus Culture Extract Through Transcriptome Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E230. [PMID: 32098197 PMCID: PMC7074254 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Edelweiss (Leontopodium Alpinum) in the family Asteraceae is a wildflower that grows in rocky limestone places. Here, we investigated the efficacy of edelweiss callus culture extract (Leontopodium Alpinum callus culture extract; LACCE) using multiple assays from in vitro to in vivo as well as transcriptome profiling. Several in vitro assay results showed the strong antioxidant activity of LACCE in response to UVB treatment. Moreover, LACCE suppressed inflammation and wrinkling; however, moisturizing activity was increased by LACCE. The clinical test in vivo demonstrated that constant application of LACCE on the face and skin tissues improved anti-periorbital wrinkles, skin elasticity, dermal density, and skin thickness compared with the placebo. The RNA-Sequencing results showed at least 16.56% of human genes were expressed in keratinocyte cells. LACCE up-regulated genes encoding several KRT proteins; DDIT4, BNIP3, and IGFBP3 were involved in the positive regulation of the developmental process, programmed cell death, keratinization, and cornification forming skin barriers, which provide many advantages in the human skin. By contrast, down-regulated genes were stress-responsive genes, including metal, oxidation, wounding, hypoxia, and virus infection, suggesting LACCE did not cause any harmful stress on the skin. Our comprehensive study demonstrated LACCE is a promising agent for anti-aging cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyong Cho
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (Y.J.)
| | - Hye-In Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Soo-Yun Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Hyo Hyun Seo
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jihyeok Song
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Dong Sun Shin
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Yeonhwa Jo
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (Y.J.)
| | - Hoseong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Jeong Hun Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Anti-Aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.-I.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.H.S.); (J.S.); (J.K.); (D.S.S.); (J.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nakhoul NL, Tu CL, Brown KL, Islam MT, Hodges AG, Abdulnour-Nakhoul SM. Calcium-sensing receptor deletion in the mouse esophagus alters barrier function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G144-G161. [PMID: 31709833 PMCID: PMC6985844 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00021.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is the molecular sensor by which cells respond to small changes in extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. CaSR has been reported to play a role in glandular and fluid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract and to regulate differentiation and proliferation of skin keratinocytes. CaSR is present in the esophageal epithelium, but its role in this tissue has not been defined. We deleted CaSR in the mouse esophagus by generating keratin 5 CreER;CaSRFlox+/+compound mutants, in which loxP sites flank exon 7 of CaSR gene. Recombination was initiated with multiple tamoxifen injections, and we demonstrated exon 7 deletion by PCR analysis of genomic DNA. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses showed a significant reduction in CaSR mRNA and protein expression in the knockout mice (EsoCaSR-/-) as compared with control mice. Microscopic examination of EsoCaSR-/- esophageal tissues showed morphological changes including elongation of the rete pegs, abnormal keratinization and stratification, and bacterial buildup on the luminal epithelial surface. Western analysis revealed a significant reduction in levels of adherens junction proteins E-cadherin and β catenin and tight junction protein claudin-1, 4, and 5. Levels of small GTPase proteins Rac/Cdc42, involved in actin remodeling, were also reduced. Ussing chamber experiments showed a significantly lower transepithelial resistance in knockout (KO) tissues. In addition, luminal-to-serosal-fluorescein dextran (4 kDa) flux was higher in KO tissues. Our data indicate that CaSR plays a role in regulating keratinization and cell-cell junctional complexes and is therefore important for the maintenance of the barrier function of the esophagus.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The esophageal stratified squamous epithelium maintains its integrity by continuous proliferation and differentiation of the basal cells. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the calcium-sensing receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor, from the basal cells disrupts the structure and barrier properties of the epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazih L. Nakhoul
- 1Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- 3Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Karen L. Brown
- 1Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - M. Toriqul Islam
- 1Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Anna G. Hodges
- 1Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Solange M. Abdulnour-Nakhoul
- 1Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana,2Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana,4Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rustgi AK. 3D Human Esophageal Epithelium Steps Out from hPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 23:460-462. [PMID: 30290173 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids can reveal important principles underlying tissue development. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Zhang et al. (2018) and Trisno et al. (2018) establish protocols for generating esophageal epithelial cells and 3D stratified epithelium from hPSCs, revealing roles for key signaling pathways and how they are controlled by critical transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Rustgi
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|