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Furusato IN, Figueiredo KB, de Carvalho ACSR, da Silva Ferreira CS, Takahashi JPF, Kimura LM, Aleixo CS, de Brito OP, Luchs A, Cunha MS, de Azevedo Fernandes NCC, de Araújo LJT, Catão-Dias JL, Guerra JM. Detection of herpesviruses in neotropical primates from São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3201-3209. [PMID: 37688686 PMCID: PMC10689701 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of herpesvirus between humans and non-human primates represents a serious potential threat to human health and endangered species conservation. This study aimed to identify herpesvirus genomes in samples of neotropical primates (NTPs) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 242 NTPs, including Callithrix sp., Alouatta sp., Sapajus sp., and Callicebus sp., were evaluated by pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Sixty-two (25.6%) samples containing genome segments representative of members of the family Herpesviridae, including 16.1% for Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3, 6.1% for Human alphaherpesvirus 1, 2.1% for Alouatta macconnelli cytomegalovirus, and 0.83% for Cebus albifrons lymphocryptovirus 1. No co-infections were detected. The detection of herpesvirus genomes was significantly higher among adult animals (p = 0.033) and those kept under human care (p = 0.008671). These findings confirm the importance of monitoring the occurrence of herpesviruses in NTP populations in epizootic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Naomi Furusato
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Possatto Fernandes Takahashi
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Doenças Infecciosas E Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Bairro Universitário, Av. Costa E Silva, S/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070900, Brazil
| | - Lidia Midori Kimura
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Camila Siqueira Aleixo
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Odília Pereira de Brito
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 70, São Paulo, SP, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 70, São Paulo, SP, 05508270, Brazil.
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Bonfim FFDO, Mares-Guia MAMDM, Horta MA, Chame M, Lopes ADO, Santos R, Matias CAR, Pinto MA, de Filippis AMB, de Paula VS. Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 and Human alphaherpesvirus 1 in New World Primate negative for yellow fever virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210258. [PMID: 35416837 PMCID: PMC9005061 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpesvirus transmission between humans and non-human primate (NHP) can occur through contact scratches with lesions, infected saliva, and mainly through contaminated food. Therefore, cross-infection can lead to severe illness or even death for both the animal and human. In 2017, during the yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil, species of the New World Primates (NWP) from Rio de Janeiro state, tested negative for yellow fever virus (YFV) detection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate herpesvirus in the population NWP in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS To investigate, liver samples of 283 NWP, from several regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, were tested for the herpesvirus family using a Pan-polymerase chain reaction (Pan-PCR) and sequencing. FINDINGS 34.6% (98/283) tested positive for at least one herpesvirus; 29.3% (83/283) tested positive to Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1), this virus from humans can be lethal to New World monkey; 13% (37/283) were detected Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 (CalHV-3), responsible for lymphoproliferative disease that can be fatal in NWP. In addition, CalHV-3 / HSV-1 co-infection was in 11.6% (33/283) of the samples. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Pan-herpesvirus was useful to identify species-specific herpesviruses and virus from human that can infect animals. Furthermore, during an outbreak of YF other infections should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Horta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Flavivírus Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcia Chame
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Plataforma Institucional de Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Lopes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafael Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Rey Matias
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Flavivírus Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Wilson TM, Ritter JM, Martines RB, Bullock HA, Fair P, Radford KW, Macêdo IL, Sousa DER, Gonçalves AAB, Romano AP, Passsos PHO, Ramos DG, Costa GRT, Cavalcante KRLJ, de Melo CB, Zaki SR, Castro MB. Fatal Human Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in Free-Ranging Black-Tufted Marmosets in Anthropized Environments, Brazil, 2012–2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:802-811. [PMID: 35318916 PMCID: PMC8962904 DOI: 10.3201/eid2804.212334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HuAHV1) causes fatal neurologic infections in captive New World primates. To determine risks for interspecies transmission, we examined data for 13 free-ranging, black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) that died of HuAHV1 infection and had been in close contact with humans in anthropized areas in Brazil during 2012–2019. We evaluated pathologic changes in the marmosets, localized virus and antigen, and assessed epidemiologic features. The main clinical findings were neurologic signs, necrotizing meningoencephalitis, and ulcerative glossitis; 1 animal had necrotizing hepatitis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intranuclear herpetic inclusions, and immunostaining revealed HuAHV1 and herpesvirus particles in neurons, glial cells, tongue mucosal epithelium, and hepatocytes. PCR confirmed HuAHV1 infection. These findings illustrate how disruption of the One Health equilibrium in anthropized environments poses risks for interspecies virus transmission with potential spillover not only from animals to humans but also from humans to free-ranging nonhuman primates or other animals.
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Acute Infection and Subsequent Subclinical Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 after Vaginal Inoculation of Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01574-18. [PMID: 30333177 PMCID: PMC6321901 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01574-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a common sexually transmitted infection with a highly variable clinical course. Many infections quickly become subclinical, with episodes of spontaneous virus reactivation. To study host-HSV-2 interactions, an animal model of subclinical HSV-2 infection is needed. In an effort to develop a relevant model, rhesus macaques (RM) were inoculated intravaginally with two or three HSV-2 strains (186, 333, and/or G) at a total dose of 1 × 107 PFU of HSV-2 per animal. Infectious HSV-2 and HSV-2 DNA were consistently shed in vaginal swabs for the first 7 to 14 days after each inoculation. Proteins associated with wound healing, innate immunity, and inflammation were significantly increased in cervical secretions immediately after HSV-2 inoculation. There was histologic evidence of acute herpesvirus pathology, including acantholysis in the squamous epithelium and ballooning degeneration of and intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, with HSV antigen in mucosal epithelial cells and keratinocytes. Further, an intense inflammatory infiltrate was found in the cervix and vulva. Evidence of latent infection and reactivation was demonstrated by the detection of spontaneous HSV-2 shedding post-acute inoculation (102 to 103 DNA copies/swab) in 80% of RM. Further, HSV-2 DNA was detected in ganglia in most necropsied animals. HSV-2-specifc T-cell responses were detected in all animals, although antibodies to HSV-2 were detected in only 30% of the animals. Thus, HSV-2 infection of RM recapitulates many of the key features of subclinical HSV-2 infection in women but seems to be more limited, as virus shedding was undetectable more than 40 days after the last virus inoculation.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infects nearly 500 million persons globally, with an estimated 21 million incident cases each year, making it one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HSV-2 is associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition, and this risk does not decline with the use of antiherpes drugs. As initial acquisition of both HIV and HSV-2 infections is subclinical, study of the initial molecular interactions of the two agents requires an animal model. We found that HSV-2 can infect RM after vaginal inoculation, establish latency in the nervous system, and spontaneously reactivate; these features mimic some of the key features of HSV-2 infection in women. RM may provide an animal model to develop strategies to prevent HSV-2 acquisition and reactivation.
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6
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Abstract
Common marmosets are highly susceptible to several viral pathogens that exist as latent or subclinical infections in their natural reservoir hosts but cause severe disease or death when interspecies transmission occurs. Examples of such viruses in marmosets are herpes simplex virus infections, parainfluenza virus 1 infections, and measles acquired from humans, Saimiriine herpesvirus 1 infection after transmission from squirrel monkeys, and infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus originating from mice. Other relevant viral infections causing spontaneous disease in common marmoset colonies include cowpox virus infections and paramyxovirus saguinus infections. Callitrichine herpesvirus 3 is a newly recognized lymphocryptovirus that is associated with the development of intestinal lymphoproliferative disease in common marmosets. Most viral pathogens causing disease in common marmosets are potential zoonotic agents, and protective measures should be implemented when handling these small New World monkeys.
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Aravantinou M, Mizenina O, Calenda G, Kenney J, Frank I, Lifson JD, Szpara M, Jing L, Koelle DM, Teleshova N, Grasperge B, Blanchard J, Gettie A, Martinelli E, Derby N. Experimental Oral Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Co-infection in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Infected Rhesus Macaques. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2342. [PMID: 29259582 PMCID: PMC5723348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) similarly initiate infection in mucosal epithelia and establish lifelong neuronal latency. Anogenital HSV-2 infection augments the risk for sexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and is associated with higher HIV viral loads. However, whether oral HSV-1 infection contributes to oral HIV susceptibility, viremia, or oral complications of HIV infection is unknown. Appropriate non-human primate (NHP) models would facilitate this investigation, yet there are no published studies of HSV-1/SIV co-infection in NHPs. Thus, we performed a pilot study for an oral HSV-1 infection model in SIV-infected rhesus macaques to describe the feasibility of the modeling and resultant immunological changes. Three SIV-infected, clinically healthy macaques became HSV-1-infected by inoculation with 4 × 108 pfu HSV-1 McKrae on buccal, tongue, gingiva, and tonsils after gentle abrasion. HSV-1 DNA was shed in oral swabs for up to 21 days, and shedding recurred in association with intra-oral lesions after periods of no shedding during 56 days of follow up. HSV-1 DNA was detected in explant cultures of trigeminal ganglia collected at euthanasia on day 56. In the macaque with lowest baseline SIV viremia, SIV plasma RNA increased following HSV-1 infection. One macaque exhibited an acute pro-inflammatory response, and all three animals experienced T cell activation and mobilization in blood. However, T cell and antibody responses to HSV-1 were low and atypical. Through rigorous assessesments, this study finds that the virulent HSV-1 strain McKrae resulted in a low level HSV-1 infection that elicited modest immune responses and transiently modulated SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Aravantinou
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
| | - Olga Mizenina
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giulia Calenda
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Kenney
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ines Frank
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Moriah Szpara
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Lichen Jing
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Natalia Teleshova
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brooke Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - James Blanchard
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Agegnehu Gettie
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Derby
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States
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Abstract
Viruses related to the herpes simplex viruses of humans are present in all nonhuman primate (NHP) species tested and cross species transmission has been documented. The herpesvirus present in macaques, Herpes B virus (BV) rarely causes disease in its natural macaque host. However, when transmitted to a nonnative host, BV has occasionally caused severe and even fatal disease if not treated immediately. Here we present a comprehensive review of the taxonomy, molecular biology, physiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of BV. We also summarizes what is known about related herpesviruses of other NHP species and the zoonotic potential of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eberle
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - L Jones-Engel
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Washington, USA
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Casagrande RA, Pannuti CS, Kanamura C, Freire WS, Grespan A, Matushima ER. Fatal Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) infection in captive marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata) in Brazil: clinical and pathological characterization. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014001100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatal Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) was diagnosed in 12 captive marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata) from metropolitan region of São Paulo, São Paulo State. Clinical signs were variable among the cases, but most affected marmosets presented signs associated with viral epithelial replication: oral, lingual and facial skin ulcers and hypersalivation, and viral replication in the central nervous system: prostration, seizure and aggressive behavior. Consistent microscopic findings were diffuse mild to severe nonsuppurative necrotizing meningoencephalitis with gliosis, vasculitis and neuronal necrosis. Additionally, in the brain, oral cavity, skin, adrenal gland and myoenteric plexus intranuclear inclusion bodies were present. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of the HHV-1 antigen in association with lesions in the brain, oral and lingual mucosa, facial skin, adrenal gland and myoenteric plexus. HHV-1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the brain was carried out and the virus was detected in 7/8 infected marmosets. It is concluded that HHV-1 causes widespread fatal infection in marmosets.
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Imura K, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Nomura S, Suzuki S, Nakayama H, Miwa Y. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in two pet marmosets in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1667-70. [PMID: 25649955 PMCID: PMC4300388 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-month-old common marmoset
(Callithrix jacchus) was presented with tic-like symptoms, and a
2-year-old pigmy marmoset (Callithrix pygmaea) was presented with dyspnea
and hypersalivation. Both monkeys died within a few days, and necropsies were performed.
Histopathological examinations revealed ulcerative stomatitis with epithelial cell
swelling and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the oral epithelium of both
cases. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuronal cell degeneration with
intranuclear inclusion bodies was observed. Immunohistochemical examination using
anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody revealed virus antigens in both cases. Both
animals had been kept as pets with limited exposure to the ambient environment except via
their owners. Therefore, herpes simplex virus type-1 was probably acquired from close
contact with their owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Imura
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, 1-25-5, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0003, Japan
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Gál J, Hornyák Á, Mándoki M, Bakonyi T, Balka G, Szeredi L, Marosán M, Ludányi T, Forgách P, Sós E, Demeter Z, Farkas SL. Novel mastadenovirus infection and clinical disease in a pygmy marmoset (Callithrix [Cebuella] pygmaea). Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:695-9. [PMID: 24012169 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the detection and successful isolation of a novel mastadenovirus from a pygmy marmoset (Callithrix [Cebuella] pygmaea) that died following an episode of severe respiratory signs. Pathologic/histopathologic examination revealed hydrothorax and catarrhal bronchopneumonia with pronounced desquamation of the bronchiolar epithelial cells, while in other airways a marked hyperplasia of the epithelial lining and numerous giant cells could be observed. We obtained partial sequence data from the adenoviral DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase gene of the isolated strain and analyses of this region showed the highest level of identity to the recently described bat adenoviruses (strains PPV1 and TJM) and the type 2 canine adenovirus. Similar results were gained by phylogenetic calculations indicating that this novel marmoset adenovirus is only distantly related to reference Old and New World primate adenoviruses and formed a monophyletic group with bat and canine adenoviruses and the equine adenovirus 1. Even though the source of the infection remained unknown, our results could imply the possibility of a cross-species transmission of the virus from an anonymous host to the pygmy marmoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Gál
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Division of Exotic and Wild Animal Medicine, Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Herpes B virus utilizes human nectin-1 but not HVEM or PILRα for cell-cell fusion and virus entry. J Virol 2012; 86:4468-76. [PMID: 22345445 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00041-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the requirements of herpesvirus entry and fusion, the four homologous glycoproteins necessary for herpes simplex virus (HSV) fusion were cloned from herpes B virus (BV) (or macacine herpesvirus 1, previously known as cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) and cercopithecine herpesvirus 2 (CeHV-2), both related simian simplexviruses belonging to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. Western blots and cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that glycoproteins gB, gD, and gH/gL were expressed in whole-cell lysates and on the cell surface. Cell-cell fusion assays indicated that nectin-1, an HSV-1 gD receptor, mediated fusion of cells expressing glycoproteins from both BV and CeHV-2. However, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), another HSV-1 gD receptor, did not facilitate BV- and CeHV-2-induced cell-cell fusion. Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα), an HSV-1 gB fusion receptor, did not mediate fusion of cells expressing glycoproteins from either simian virus. Productive infection with BV was possible only with nectin-1-expressing cells, indicating that nectin-1 mediated entry while HVEM and PILRα did not function as entry receptors. These results indicate that these alphaherpesviruses have differing preferences for entry receptors. The usage of the HSV-1 gD receptor nectin-1 may explain interspecies transfer of the viruses, and altered receptor usage may result in altered virulence, tropism, or pathogenesis in the new host. A heterotypic cell fusion assay resulting in productive fusion may provide insight into interactions that occur to trigger fusion. These findings may be of therapeutic significance for control of deadly BV infections.
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Sekulin K, Janková J, Kolodziejek J, Huemer HP, Gruber A, Meyer J, Nowotny N. Natural zoonotic infections of two marmosets and one domestic rabbit with herpes simplex virus type 1 did not reveal a correlation with a certain gG-, gI- or gE genotype. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 16:1669-72. [PMID: 20121821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are not restricted to humans but infrequently may be transmitted to certain animal species, in some cases resulting in severe disease, including encephalitis and death. Recent studies demonstrate that humanderived HSV-1 field isolates can be typed according to their gG- gIand gE gene sequences. We investigated whether HSV-1 infections of animals were predominantly caused by a certain genotype. Isolates derived from two marmosets and one domestic rabbit, however, revealed different genotypes. Despite the very limited number of investigated animal-derived HSV-1 strains, this result does not point towards the existence of certain HSV-1 genotypes with a higher potential of being transmitted to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sekulin
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Simian TRIM5alpha proteins reduce replication of herpes simplex virus. Virology 2010; 398:243-50. [PMID: 20060996 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Old World monkey TRIM5alpha proteins are known to block the replication of human immunodeficiency virus and other retroviruses in a species-specific fashion. In this report, we show that specific forms of simian TRIM5alpha proteins can restrict herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. To define the effect of TRIM5alpha on HSV replication, we examined HSV infection in HeLa cell lines that stably express simian and human orthologs of TRIM5alpha proteins. We demonstrated that several simian TRIM5alpha proteins can restrict HSV replication, with the TRIM5alpha protein of rhesus macaques showing the strongest inhibition of HSV infection. We also found that the level of the inhibition of virus replication was viral strain-specific. TRIM5alpha is likely to inhibit HSV at the early stage of infection; however, at later times of infection, the levels of TRIM5alpha are significantly decreased. Thus, some TRIM5alpha proteins exhibit antiviral effects that extend beyond retroviral infections, but HSV may be able to reduce this restriction by reducing TRIM5alpha levels during the later phases of virus replication. Our results also argue that TRIM5alpha is only part of the reduced level of HSV replication in rhesus macaques, which are known to be less susceptible to HSV infection than other primates.
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Lefaux B, Duprez R, Tanguy M, Longeart L, Gessain A, Boulanger E. Nonhuman primates might be highly susceptible to cross-species infectivity by human alpha-herpesviruses. Vet Pathol 2004; 41:302-4. [PMID: 15176377 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-3-302-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Deisboeck TS, Wakimoto H, Nestler U, Louis DN, Sehgal PK, Simon M, Chiocca EA, Hochberg FH. Development of a novel non-human primate model for preclinical gene vector safety studies. Determining the effects of intracerebral HSV-1 inoculation in the common marmoset: a comparative study. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1225-33. [PMID: 12858187 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) has served as the standard non-human primate model of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection because it is highly susceptible to HSV-1 encephalitis. Owl monkeys, however, are expensive, difficult to obtain, and difficult to maintain in captivity, thus greatly hampering the efficiency of preclinical gene therapy trials for brain tumors using HSV-1-based vectors. We have therefore compared the susceptibility of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with the owl monkey in a model of intracerebral inoculation of wildtype HSV-1 F-strain at increasing titers. The common marmosets consistently succumbed earlier to viral encephalitis than the owl monkeys. The histological evaluation of the common marmoset revealed extensive HSV-1 infection with a concomitant yet less marked inflammatory response compared to the owl monkeys. PCR for HSV-1 demonstrated a similar extra-CNS shedding route in both experimental models. Our findings show that the common marmoset is at least as susceptible to intracerebral HSV-infection as the owl monkey and that it can therefore serve as a valid and reliable experimental model for the important preclinical safety tests of HSV-based therapeutic viral vector constructs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Deisboeck
- Neurosurgical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Mätz-Rensing K, Jentsch KD, Rensing S, Langenhuyzen S, Verschoor E, Niphuis H, Kaup FJ. Fatal Herpes simplex infection in a group of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Vet Pathol 2003; 40:405-11. [PMID: 12824512 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-4-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of classical herpetic infection causing vesicoulcerative stomatitis in a family group (eight animals) of Callithrix jacchus is described. In all eight infected animals, human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) was identified as the causative agent. This was confirmed by histologic, immunohistologic, and molecular biologic investigations, as well as by virus isolation. The clinical picture, the macroscopic appearance, and the histologic results indicated a herpes infection as the cause of mortality. Alterations of the oral mucous membranes were erosive to ulcerative with typical intranuclear inclusions. Immunohistologic and molecular biologic techniques clearly identified the HHV-1 virus and excluded other possible primate herpesviruses such as B-virus, SA8, HVP-2, and Herpes tamarinus. The significance of this herpesvirus infection for colony management is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mätz-Rensing
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Primate Husbandry, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Huemer HP, Larcher C, Czedik-Eysenberg T, Nowotny N, Reifinger M. Fatal infection of a pet monkey with Human herpesvirus. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:639-42. [PMID: 12023925 PMCID: PMC2738492 DOI: 10.3201/eid0806.010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about pet monkeys as a potential threat to humans. We report the opposite situation, a danger to pets that arises from humans. Similar to herpesvirus B (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1), which endangers humans but not its host species, Human herpesvirus 1 can act as a "killer virus" when crossing the species barrier to New World monkeys.
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