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Koutsogiannaki S, Kim S, Yuki K. Age-dependent transcriptomic profiles of leukocytes in pediatric population. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109728. [PMID: 37562722 PMCID: PMC10543464 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunity at birth is considered immature. Following birth, our immune function is considered to grow and reach maturation over time. To obtain granular information of leukocyte functions and transcriptomic profiles in pediatric cohort, we examined leukocyte profiles in infants, preschool and school children using single cell RNA sequencing of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells showed immaturity in infants. Their innate and adaptive immunity was developed by preschool age. Adaptive immune cells showed different maturation patterns. CD4, CD8 naïve T cells and plasma cells continued to mature untill school age. In CD8 naïve T cells, innate immunity was upregulated in infants, in support of our knowledge that they manifests more innate cell-like phenotype soon after birth. Many signaling pathways have been differentially up- and/or down-regulated in infants, preschool and school children. Their contribution to the development of the immune system needs to be delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, United States
| | - Samuel Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, United States.
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2
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Moore AR, Vivanco Gonzalez N, Plummer KA, Mitchel OR, Kaur H, Rivera M, Collica B, Goldston M, Filiz F, Angelo M, Palmer TD, Bendall SC. Gestationally dependent immune organization at the maternal-fetal interface. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111651. [PMID: 36384130 PMCID: PMC9681661 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and placenta have a dynamic relationship across gestation to accommodate fetal growth and development. High-resolution characterization of this maternal-fetal interface is necessary to better understand the immunology of pregnancy and its complications. We developed a single-cell framework to simultaneously immuno-phenotype circulating, endovascular, and tissue-resident cells at the maternal-fetal interface throughout gestation, discriminating maternal and fetal contributions. Our data reveal distinct immune profiles across the endovascular and tissue compartments with tractable dynamics throughout gestation that respond to a systemic immune challenge in a gestationally dependent manner. We uncover a significant role for the innate immune system where phagocytes and neutrophils drive temporal organization of the placenta through remarkably diverse populations, including PD-L1+ subsets having compartmental and early gestational bias. Our approach and accompanying datasets provide a resource for additional investigations into gestational immunology and evoke a more significant role for the innate immune system in establishing the microenvironment of early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Moore
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nora Vivanco Gonzalez
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine A Plummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivia R Mitchel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Moises Rivera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian Collica
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mako Goldston
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ferda Filiz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Angelo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Sharma AM, Birkett R, Lin ET, Ernst LM, Grobman WA, Swaminathan S, Abdala-Valencia H, Misharin AV, Bartom ET, Mestan KK. Placental dysfunction influences fetal monocyte subpopulation gene expression in preterm birth. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155482. [PMID: 35471950 PMCID: PMC9220934 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the primary organ for immune regulation, nutrient delivery, gas exchange, protection against environmental toxins, and physiologic perturbations during pregnancy. Placental inflammation and vascular dysfunction during pregnancy are associated with a growing list of prematurity-related complications. The goal of this study was to identify differences in gene expression profiles in fetal monocytes - cells that persist and differentiate postnatally - according to distinct placental histologic domains. Here, by using bulk RNA-Seq, we report that placental lesions are associated with gene expression changes in fetal monocyte subsets. Specifically, we found that fetal monocytes exposed to acute placental inflammation upregulate biological processes related to monocyte activation, monocyte chemotaxis, and platelet function, while monocytes exposed to maternal vascular malperfusion lesions downregulate these processes. Additionally, we show that intermediate monocytes might be a source of mitogens, such as HBEGF, NRG1, and VEGFA, implicated in different outcomes related to prematurity. This is the first study to our knowledge to show that placental lesions are associated with unique changes in fetal monocytes and monocyte subsets. As fetal monocytes persist and differentiate into various phagocytic cells following birth, our study may provide insight into morbidity related to prematurity and ultimately potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet M. Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Birkett
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erika T. Lin
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda M. Ernst
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William A. Grobman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth T. Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen K. Mestan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Matute JD, Finander B, Pepin D, Ai X, Smith NP, Li JZ, Edlow AG, Villani AC, Lerou PH, Kalish BT. Single-cell immunophenotyping of the fetal immune response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in late gestation. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1090-1098. [PMID: 34750520 PMCID: PMC8573077 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, thousands of pregnant women have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The implications of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal and childhood well-being need to be characterized. We aimed to characterize the fetal immune response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing and T cell receptor sequencing on cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from newborns of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester (cases) or without SARS-CoV-2 infection (controls). RESULTS We identified widespread gene expression changes in CBMCs from cases, including upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes and major histocompatibility complex genes in CD14+ monocytes, transcriptional changes suggestive of activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and activation and exhaustion of natural killer cells. Lastly, we observed fetal T cell clonal expansion in cases compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS As none of the infants were infected with SARS-CoV-2, our results suggest that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection might modulate the fetal immune system in the absence of vertical transmission. IMPACT The implications of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of vertical transmission on fetal and childhood well-being are poorly understood. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection might modulate the fetal immune system in the absence of vertical transmission. This study raises important questions about the untoward effects of maternal SARS-CoV-2 on the fetus, even in the absence of vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Matute
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA USA
| | - Benjamin Finander
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - David Pepin
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Pediatric Surgery, MGH, Boston, MA USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA USA
| | - Neal P. Smith
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Andrea G. Edlow
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MGH, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Paul H. Lerou
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA USA
| | - Brian T. Kalish
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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5
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Chu E, Mychasiuk R, Hibbs ML, Semple BD. Dysregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in microglia: shaping chronic neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:276. [PMID: 34838047 PMCID: PMC8627624 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are integral mediators of innate immunity within the mammalian central nervous system. Typical microglial responses are transient, intending to restore homeostasis by orchestrating the removal of pathogens and debris and the regeneration of damaged neurons. However, prolonged and persistent microglial activation can drive chronic neuroinflammation and is associated with neurodegenerative disease. Recent evidence has revealed that abnormalities in microglial signaling pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) may contribute to altered microglial activity and exacerbated neuroimmune responses. In this scoping review, the known and suspected roles of PI3K-AKT signaling in microglia, both during health and pathological states, will be examined, and the key microglial receptors that induce PI3K-AKT signaling in microglia will be described. Since aberrant signaling is correlated with neurodegenerative disease onset, the relationship between maladapted PI3K-AKT signaling and the development of neurodegenerative disease will also be explored. Finally, studies in which microglial PI3K-AKT signaling has been modulated will be highlighted, as this may prove to be a promising therapeutic approach for the future treatment of a range of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erskine Chu
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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6
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Korenfeld D, Roussak K, Dinkel S, Vogel TP, Pollack H, Levy J, Leiding JW, Milner J, Cooper M, Klechevsky E. STAT3 Gain-of-Function Mutations Underlie Deficiency in Human Nonclassical CD16 + Monocytes and CD141 + Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2021; 207:2423-2432. [PMID: 34654687 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analysis of human inborn errors of immunity has defined the contribution of specific cell populations and molecular pathways in the host defense against infection. The STAT family of transcription factors orchestrate hematopoietic cell differentiation. Patients with de novo activating mutations of STAT3 present with multiorgan autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and recurrent infections. We conducted a detailed characterization of the blood monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) subsets in patients with gain-of-function (GOF) mutations across the gene. We found a selective deficiency in circulating nonclassical CD16+ and intermediate CD16+CD14+ monocytes and a significant increase in the percentage of classical CD14+ monocytes. This suggests a role for STAT3 in the transition of classical CD14+ monocytes into the CD16+ nonclassical subset. Developmentally, ex vivo-isolated STAT3GOF CD14+ monocytes fail to differentiate into CD1a+ monocyte-derived DCs. Moreover, patients with STAT3GOF mutations display reduced circulating CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors and frequency of myeloid DCs. Specifically, we observed a reduction in the CD141+ DC population, with no difference in the frequencies of CD1c+ and plasmacytoid DCs. CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients were found to differentiate into CD1c+ DCs, but failed to differentiate into CD141+ DCs indicating an intrinsic role for STAT3 in this process. STAT3GOF-differentiated DCs produced lower amounts of CCL22 than healthy DCs, which could further explain some of the patient pathological phenotypes. Thus, our findings provide evidence that, in humans, STAT3 serves to regulate development and differentiation of nonclassical CD16+ monocytes and a subset of myeloid DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Korenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kate Roussak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sabrina Dinkel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Henry Pollack
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joseph Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer W Leiding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and
| | - Joshua Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Megan Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
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7
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Kennedy SN, Keogh M, Levin M, Castellini JM, Lian M, Fadely BS, Rea LD, O'Hara TM. Regional variations and relationships among cytokine profiles, white blood cell counts, and blood mercury concentrations in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups. Sci Total Environ 2021; 775:144894. [PMID: 33631572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Steller sea lion (SSL) population west of 144°W longitude experienced a significant population decline. While there appears to be a stable or increasing population trend in rookeries in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and Southeast Alaska (SEA), some rookeries within the Aleutian Islands (AI) have failed to recover. Previous studies found regional differences in whole blood total mercury concentrations ([THg]) showing more than 20% of AI pups had [THg] above critical thresholds for increased risk of immunological effects and other adverse outcomes. Measurements of immune cell-signaling proteins can be used to evaluate the immune status of marine mammals in relation to [THg]. We compared serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations in pups among regions (AI, eastern GOA, SEA), and examined associations among cytokines, chemokines, white blood cell (WBC) counts, and [THg]. Considering liver is an important target organ for mercury and immune protein synthesis we additionally examined the relationship of [THg] with liver-related enzymes serum aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). We observed regional differences in cytokine and chemokine measurements and immune protein associations. There was a positive association between total WBC counts and [THg] in AI pups, whereas a negative association between lymphocytes and [THg] in SEA pups. These findings may indicate regional variation in proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, differences in immune system development, and/or a difference in antigenic stimuli. No associations between [THg] and cytokines, chemokines, AST or ALT were found. Observed regional differences in cytokine and chemokine milieu during gestational and early development in SSL pups could lead to an imbalance in cell differentiation that could impact immunological resiliency in juvenile and adult life stages. We report concentration ranges of a suite of cytokines and chemokines which may prove to be a useful metric for ecotoxicology and risk assessment studies in SSLs and other wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mandy Keogh
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Juneau, AK, USA.
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - J Margaret Castellini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
| | - Marianne Lian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
| | - Brian S Fadely
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Lorrie D Rea
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
| | - Todd M O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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8
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Yin Y, Qu L, Zhu D, Wu Y, Zhou X. Effect of SOCS3 on apoptosis of human trophoblasts via adjustment of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in preterm birth. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:1637-1646. [PMID: 34295778 PMCID: PMC8261589 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) was induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in preterm placental tissues. However, its role in IL-6 induced apoptosis of trophoblast cells derived from preterm placental tissues remains to be elucidated. METHODS Primary cytotrophoblasts from human preterm placental tissues were used to stably knock down and overexpress the level of SOCS3 by corresponding lentiviral vectors and the expression of SOCS3 was validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The effect of SOCS3 overexpression or knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of IL-6 treated human cytotrophoblasts were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and Annexin-V/Propidium Iodide (PI) double-staining assay, respectively. Based on it, we detected the proteins associated with the Janus Tyrosine Kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway and apoptosis, such as JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and BCL2-associated X (Bax) by Western blot. RESULTS IL-6-treatment resulted in significant apoptosis of human cytotrophoblasts. Overexpressing SOCS3 in the cytotrophoblasts reduced cell apoptosis, while the knockdown of SCOS3 had the opposite effects. Further analyses showed that SOCS3 overexpression inhibited JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, which was induced by IL-6 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS SOCS3 plays a protective role in human preterm placental tissue-derived cytotrophoblasts from IL-6 induced apoptosis by feedback inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dicong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Abstract
The human mononuclear phagocyte (MP) system, which includes dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. During embryonic development, MPs derive sequentially in yolk sac progenitors, fetal liver, and bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells. MPs maintain tissue homeostasis and confer protective immunity in post-natal life. Recent evidence - primarily in animal models - highlight their critical role in coordinating the remodeling, maturation, and repair of target organs during embryonic and fetal development. However, the molecular regulation governing chemotaxis, homeostasis, and functional diversification of resident MP cells in their respective organ systems during development remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the development and functional contribution of tissue MPs during human organ development and morphogenesis and its relevance to regenerative medicine. We outline how single-cell multi-omic approaches and next-generation ex-vivo organ-on-chip models provide new experimental platforms to study the role of human MPs during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohi Miah
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Issac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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10
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnancy and increases the risk of the offspring developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. Alterations in the immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis of IUGR-induced T2DM. The development of the fetal immune system is a delicate balance as it must remain tolerant of maternal antigens whilst also preparing for the post-birth environment. In addition, the fetal immune system is susceptible to an altered intrauterine milieu caused by maternal and placental inflammatory mediators or secondary to nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Pancreatic-resident macrophages populate the pancreas during fetal development, and their phenotype is dynamic through the neonatal period. Furthermore, macrophages in the islets are instrumental in islet development as they influence β-cell proliferation and islet neogenesis. In addition, cytokines, derived from β-cells and macrophages, are important to islet homeostasis in the fetus and adult and, when perturbed, can cause islet dysfunction. Several activated immune pathways have been identified in the islets of people who experienced IUGR, with alternations in the levels of IL-1β and IL-4 as well as changes in TGFβ signalling. Leptin levels are also altered. Immunomodulation has shown therapeutic benefit in T2DM and might be particularly useful in IUGR-induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea N Golden
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Childhood vaccines have been the cornerstone tool of public health over the past century. A major barrier to neonatal vaccination is the “immaturity” of the infant immune system and the inefficiency of conventional vaccine approaches at inducing immunity at birth. While much of the literature on fetal and neonatal immunity has focused on the early life propensity toward immune tolerance, recent studies indicate that the fetus is more immunologically capable than previously thought, and can, in some circumstances, mount adaptive B and T cell responses to perinatal pathogens in utero. Although significant hurdles remain before these findings can be translated into vaccines and other protective strategies, they should lend optimism to the prospect that neonatal and even fetal vaccination is achievable. Next steps toward this goal should include efforts to define the conditions for optimal stimulation of infant immune responses, including antigen timing, dose, and route of delivery, as well as antigen presentation pathways and co-stimulatory requirements. A better understanding of these factors will enable optimal deployment of vaccines against malaria and other pathogens to protect infants during their period of greatest vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perri C Callaway
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lila A Farrington
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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12
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Wang P, Pan J, Tian X, Dong X, Ju W, Wang Y, Zhong N. Transcriptomics-determined chemokine-cytokine pathway presents a common pathogenic mechanism in pregnancy loss and spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13398. [PMID: 33565696 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Various etiological factors, such as infection and inflammation, may induce the adverse outcomes of pregnancy of miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm birth. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with these adverse pregnancies are yet unclear. We hypothesized that a common pathogenic mechanism may underlie variant adverse outcomes of pregnancy, which are induced by genetic-environmental factors. The specific objective of the current study is to uncover the common molecular mechanism(s) by identifying the specific transcripts that are present in variant subtypes of pregnancy loss and preterm birth. METHOD OF STUDY Transcriptomic profiling was performed with RNA expression microarray or RNA sequencing of placentas derived from pregnancy loss (which includes spontaneous miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, and stillbirth) and spontaneous preterm birth, followed by bioinformatic analysis of multi-omic integration to identify pathogenic molecules and pathways involved in pathological pregnancies. RESULTS The enrichment of common differentially expressed genes between full-term birth and preterm birth and pregnancy loss of miscarriage and stillbirth revealed different pathophysiological pathway(s), including cytokine signaling dysregulated in spontaneous preterm birth, defense response, graft-versus-host disease, antigen processing and presentation, and T help cell differentiation in spontaneous miscarriage. Thirty-three genes shared between spontaneous preterm birth and spontaneous miscarriage were engaged in pathways of interferon gamma-mediated signaling and of antigen processing and presentation. For spontaneous miscarriage, immune response was enriched in the fetal tissue of chorionic villi and in the maternal facet of the placental sac. The transcript of nerve growth factor receptor was identified as the common molecule that is differentially expressed in all adverse pregnancies: spontaneous preterm birth, stillbirth, spontaneous miscarriage, and recurrent miscarriage. Superoxide dismutase 2 was up-regulated in all adverse outcomes of pregnancy except for recurrent miscarriage. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was the common pathway in spontaneous preterm birth and spontaneous miscarriage. Defense response was enriched in the fetal tissue of miscarriage and in the maternal tissue in spontaneous miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the chemokine-cytokine pathway may play important roles in and function as a common pathogenic mechanism associated with, the different adverse outcomes of pregnancy, which demonstrated that differentially expressed transcripts could result from a common pathogenic mechanism associated with pregnancy loss and spontaneous preterm birth, although individual pregnancy outcomes may differ from each other phenotypically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Wang
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Product Administration, 50 Qixiang Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Xiujuan Tian
- Sanya Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Ju
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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13
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Bunis DG, Bronevetsky Y, Krow-Lucal E, Bhakta NR, Kim CC, Nerella S, Jones N, Mendoza VF, Bryson YJ, Gern JE, Rutishauser RL, Ye CJ, Sirota M, McCune JM, Burt TD. Single-Cell Mapping of Progressive Fetal-to-Adult Transition in Human Naive T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108573. [PMID: 33406429 PMCID: PMC10263444 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the human fetal immune system is poised to generate immune tolerance and suppress inflammation in utero, an adult-like immune system emerges to orchestrate anti-pathogen immune responses in post-natal life. It has been posited that cells of the adult immune system arise as a discrete ontological "layer" of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their progeny; evidence supporting this model in humans has, however, been inconclusive. Here, we combine bulk and single-cell transcriptional profiling of lymphoid cells, myeloid cells, and HSPCs from fetal, perinatal, and adult developmental stages to demonstrate that the fetal-to-adult transition occurs progressively along a continuum of maturity-with a substantial degree of inter-individual variation at the time of birth-rather than via a transition between discrete waves. These findings have important implications for the design of strategies for prophylaxis against infection in the newborn and for the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Bunis
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yelena Bronevetsky
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Krow-Lucal
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles C Kim
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srilaxmi Nerella
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norman Jones
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ventura F Mendoza
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne J Bryson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Cinicola B, Conti MG, Terrin G, Sgrulletti M, Elfeky R, Carsetti R, Fernandez Salinas A, Piano Mortari E, Brindisi G, De Curtis M, Zicari AM, Moschese V, Duse M. The Protective Role of Maternal Immunization in Early Life. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:638871. [PMID: 33996688 PMCID: PMC8113393 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.638871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With birth, the newborn is transferred from a quasi-sterile environment to the outside world. At this time, the neonatal immune system is inexperienced and continuously subject to a process of development as it encounters different antigenic stimuli after birth. It is initially characterized by a bias toward T helper 2 phenotype, reduced T helper 1, and cytotoxic responses to microbial stimuli, low levels of memory, and effector T and B cells and a high production of suppressive T regulatory cells. The aim of this setting, during fetal life, is to maintain an anti-inflammatory state and immune-tolerance. Maternal antibodies are transferred during pregnancy through the placenta and, in the first weeks of life of the newborn, they represent a powerful tool for protection. Thus, optimization of vaccination in pregnancy represents an important strategy to reduce the burden of neonatal infections and sepsis. Beneficial effects of maternal immunization are universally recognized, although the optimal timing of vaccination in pregnancy remains to be defined. Interestingly, the dynamic exchange that takes place at the fetal-maternal interface allows the transfer not only of antibodies, but also of maternal antigen presenting cells, probably in order to stimulate the developing fetal immune system in a harmless way. There are still controversial effects related to maternal immunization including the so called "immunology blunting," i.e., a dampened antibody production following infant's vaccination in those infants who received placentally transferred maternal immunity. However, clinical relevance of this phenomenon is still not clear. This review will provide an overview of the evolution of the immune system in early life and discuss the benefits of maternal vaccination. Current maternal vaccination policies and their rationale will be summarized on the road to promising approaches to enhance immunity in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cinicola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Terrin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mayla Sgrulletti
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Ph.D. Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Reem Elfeky
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Department, Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario De Curtis
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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McCune JM, Weissman IL. The Ban on US Government Funding Research Using Human Fetal Tissues: How Does This Fit with the NIH Mission to Advance Medical Science for the Benefit of the Citizenry? Stem Cell Reports 2020; 13:777-786. [PMID: 31722191 PMCID: PMC6895704 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Some have argued that human fetal tissue research is unnecessary and/or immoral. Recently, the Trump administration has taken the drastic––and we believe misguided––step to effectively ban government-funded research on fetal tissue altogether. In this article, we show that entire lines of research and their clinical outcomes would not have progressed had fetal tissue been unavailable. We argue that this research has been carried out in a manner that is ethical and legal, and that it has provided knowledge that has saved lives, particularly those of pregnant women, their unborn fetuses, and newborns. We believe that those who support a ban on the use of fetal tissue are halting medical progress and therefore endangering the health and lives of many, and for this they should accept responsibility. At the very least, we challenge them to be true to their beliefs: if they wish to short-circuit a scientific process that has led to medical advances, they should pledge to not accept for themselves the health benefits that such advances provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Alkhani A, Levy CS, Tsui M, Rosenberg KA, Polovina K, Mattis AN, Mack M, Van Dyken S, Wang BM, Maher JJ, Nijagal A. Ly6c Lo non-classical monocytes promote resolution of rhesus rotavirus-mediated perinatal hepatic inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7165. [PMID: 32346042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hepatic inflammation can have devastating consequences. Monocytes play an important role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, and their diverse functions can be attributed to specific cellular subsets: pro-inflammatory or classical monocytes (Ly6cHi) and pro-reparative or non-classical monocytes (Ly6cLo). We hypothesized that inherent differences in Ly6cHi classical monocytes and Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes determine susceptibility to perinatal hepatic inflammation in late gestation fetuses and neonates. We found an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile expressed by Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes, and a physiologic abundance of these cells in the late gestation fetal liver. Unlike neonatal pups, late gestation fetuses proved to be resistant to rhesus rotavirus (RRV) mediated liver inflammation. Furthermore, neonatal pups were rendered resistant to RRV-mediated liver injury when Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes were expanded. Pharmacologic inhibition of Ly6cLo non-classical monocytes in this setting restored susceptibility to RRV-mediated disease. These data demonstrate that Ly6cLo monocytes promote resolution of perinatal liver inflammation in the late gestation fetus, where there is a physiologic expansion of non-classical monocytes, and in the neonatal liver upon experimental expansion of these cells. Therapeutic strategies directed towards enhancing Ly6cLo non-classical monocyte function may mitigate the detrimental effects of perinatal liver inflammation.
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17
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Jackson CM, Mukherjee S, Wilburn AN, Cates C, Lewkowich IP, Deshmukh H, Zacharias WJ, Chougnet CA. Pulmonary Consequences of Prenatal Inflammatory Exposures: Clinical Perspective and Review of Basic Immunological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1285. [PMID: 32636848 PMCID: PMC7318112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis, a potentially serious inflammatory complication of pregnancy, is associated with the development of an inflammatory milieu within the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. When chorioamnionitis occurs, the fetal lung finds itself in the unique position of being constantly exposed to the consequent inflammatory meditators and/or microbial products found in the amniotic fluid. This exposure results in significant changes to the fetal lung, such as increased leukocyte infiltration, altered cytokine, and surfactant production, and diminished alveolarization. These alterations can have potentially lasting impacts on lung development and function. However, studies to date have only begun to elucidate the association between such inflammatory exposures and lifelong consequences such as lung dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of and fetal immune response to chorioamnionitis, detail the consequences of chorioamnionitis exposure on the developing fetal lung, highlighting the various animal models that have contributed to our current understanding and discuss the importance of fetal exposures in regard to the development of chronic respiratory disease. Finally, we focus on the clinical, basic, and therapeutic challenges in fetal inflammatory injury to the lung, and propose next steps and future directions to improve our therapeutic understanding of this important perinatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Jackson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shibabrata Mukherjee
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Adrienne N. Wilburn
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chris Cates
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neonatology/Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Claire A. Chougnet
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18
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Odorizzi PM, Jagannathan P, McIntyre TI, Budker R, Prahl M, Auma A, Burt TD, Nankya F, Nalubega M, Sikyomu E, Musinguzi K, Naluwu K, Kakuru A, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Feeney ME. In utero priming of highly functional effector T cell responses to human malaria. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/463/eaat6176. [PMID: 30333241 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in infants and children. Some studies have reported that exposure to malaria antigens in utero results in the development of tolerance, which could contribute to poor immunity to malaria in early life. However, the effector T cell response to pathogen-derived antigens encountered in utero, including malaria, has not been well characterized. Here, we assessed the frequency, phenotype, and function of cord blood T cells from Ugandan infants born to mothers with and without placental malaria. We found that infants born to mothers with active placental malaria had elevated frequencies of proliferating effector memory fetal CD4+ T cells and higher frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that produced inflammatory cytokines. Fetal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from placental malaria-exposed infants exhibited greater in vitro proliferation to malaria antigens. Malaria-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation correlated with prospective protection from malaria during childhood. These data demonstrate that placental malaria is associated with the generation of proinflammatory malaria-responsive fetal T cells. These findings add to our current understanding of fetal immunity and indicate that a functional and protective pathogen-specific T cell response can be generated in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | | | - Tara I McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Rachel Budker
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Mary Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ann Auma
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Esther Sikyomu
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Kate Naluwu
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abel Kakuru
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Moses R Kamya
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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19
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Abstract
Classical and non-classical monocytes, and the macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells they produce, play key roles in host defense against pathogens, immune regulation, tissue repair and many other processes throughout the body. Recent studies have revealed previously unappreciated heterogeneity among monocytes that may explain this functional diversity, but our understanding of mechanisms controlling the functional programming of distinct monocyte subsets remains incomplete. Resolving monocyte heterogeneity and understanding how their functional identity is determined holds great promise for therapeutic immune modulation. In this review, we examine how monocyte origins and developmental influences shape the phenotypic and functional characteristics of monocyte subsets during homeostasis and in the context of infection, inflammation, and cancer. We consider how extrinsic signals and transcriptional regulators impact monocyte production and functional programming, as well as the influence of epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. We also examine the evidence that functionally distinct monocyte subsets are produced via different developmental pathways during homeostasis and that inflammatory stimuli differentially target progenitors during an emergency response. We highlight the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between monocyte ontogeny and heterogeneity, including multiparametric single-cell profiling and functional analyses. Studies defining mechanisms of monocyte subset production and maintenance of unique monocyte identities have the potential to facilitate the design of therapeutic interventions to target specific monocyte subsets in a variety of disease contexts, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja A Wolf
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pijus K Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Chen XF, Wu J, Zhang YD, Zhang CX, Chen XT, Zhao W, Chen TX. Role of SOCS3 in enhanced acute-phase protein genes by neonatal macrophages in response to IL-6. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2019; 54:206-212. [PMID: 31204209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 6 (IL-6) induce the inflammatory response directly related with the morbidity and mortality of neonatal. Here we aimed to explore the mechanism of IL-6 in neonatal inflammatory response by studying the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. METHODS Cord blood samples from health term neonatal and peripheral venous blood from health volunteers were collected. The monocytes of adults and cord blood were isolated and induced into macrophages. Then the macrophages were pretreated with or without MG132 before IL-6 stimulation. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot, mRNA by real time PCR and membrane molecule by flow cytometry. RESULTS The acute phase protein gene expression in neonatal macrophages after stimulated with IL-6 were higher than that in adult. Significantly enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3 was seen in neonatal macrophages. Both mRNA and protein expression of SOCS3 in neonatal macrophages were lower than that in adult. After pretreated with MG132, the expression of SOCS3 protein was increased which lead to attenuate the STAT3 phosphorylation and APP gene expression. CONCLUSION Neonatal exhibit an enhanced expression of downstream target genes and IL-6/STAT3 signal pathway which is related with the diminished SOCS3. This provides a new sight into inflammatory responses in neonatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Fang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen-Xing Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xu-Ting Chen
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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21
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Alahakoon TI, Medbury H, Williams H, Fewings N, Wang XM, Lee VW. Characterization of fetal monocytes in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:434-438. [PMID: 30822277 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2018-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background There is little available data on fetal monocyte phenotype and function. A prospective cross-sectional pilot study was conducted to describe the cord blood monocyte subset phenotype in preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) as compared to normal pregnancy and maternal circulation. Methods Maternal and cord blood samples from 27 pregnancies were collected at delivery from normal pregnancy, PE, FGR and PE+FGR. The distribution of fetal monocyte subtypes was characterized by CD14 and CD16 expression using flow cytometry and compared for each clinical group using a classification of classical, intermediate and non-classical subsets. Results The intermediate monocytes were the dominant monocyte subset in the cord blood of PE and PE+FGR with an increase in the combined inflammatory monocyte subsets intermediate and non-classical in PE compared to normal pregnancy. The non-classical monocyte subset proportion was elevated in all pathological groups PE, FGR and PE+FGR. A significant reduction in the non-classical monocyte subset was observed in the cord blood of the normal pregnancy group as compared to the maternal circulation. Conclusion This study describes for the first time in the fetal circulation, dominant monocyte intermediate subsets and increased inflammatory subsets in PE as well as increased non-classical subsets in PE and FGR compared to normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thushari I Alahakoon
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Westmead Institute of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Road,Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Tel.: +61288904852, Fax: +61288904839, Mobile: +61 414600175
| | - Heather Medbury
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Williams
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Fewings
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin M Wang
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Scientific Platforms, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W Lee
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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22
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Papaioannou NE, Pasztoi M, Schraml BU. Understanding the Functional Properties of Neonatal Dendritic Cells: A Doorway to Enhance Vaccine Effectiveness? Front Immunol 2019; 9:3123. [PMID: 30687326 PMCID: PMC6335269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to infectious diseases is a hallmark of the neonatal period of life that is generally attributed to a relative immaturity of the immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune sentinels with vital roles in the initiation and orchestration of immune responses, thus, constituting a promising target for promoting neonatal immunity. However, as is the case for other immune cells, neonatal DCs have been suggested to be functionally immature compared to their adult counterparts. Here we review some of the unique aspects of neonatal DCs that shape immune responses in early life and speculate whether the functional properties of neonatal DCs could be exploited or manipulated to promote more effective vaccination in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos E Papaioannou
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Pasztoi
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara U Schraml
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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23
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Turcotte LM, Cao Q, Cooley SA, Curtsinger J, Holtan SG, Luo X, Yingst A, Weisdorf DJ, Blazar BR, Miller JS, Wagner JE, Verneris MR. Monocyte Subpopulation Recovery as Predictors of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:883-890. [PMID: 30625388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte recovery after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been correlated with overall survival (OS). However, monocytes are heterogeneous and consist of classic (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14+CD16+), and nonclassic (CD14+CD16++) subpopulations, with unique functional properties. We hypothesized that monocyte subpopulation reconstitution would vary based on allogeneic stem cell source and would be associated with outcomes. We studied monocyte subpopulation recovery at days 28, 60, 100, 180, and 365 post-HCT among 202 patients with hematologic malignancy. Significant differences in absolute monocyte count (AMC) and monocyte subpopulation counts at days 60 and 100 were identified based on stem cell source (all P < .01), with more robust recovery in umbilical cord blood (UCB) recipients. Using 2-fold cross-validation, optimal cutpoints were calculated for day 28 AMC and monocyte subpopulations based on OS. These were used to calculate hazard ratios for OS, disease-free survival (DFS), relapse, transplant-related mortality (TRM), and acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. OS and DFS were superior when AMC and classic monocyte recovery were above optimal cutpoints (all P < .03). Relapse was reduced for those with AMC (P < .01) and classic (P = .05) monocyte counts above optimal cutpoints. TRM was also reduced when classic (P = .02) monocyte count exceeded optimal cutpoints. Intermediate and nonclassic monocyte recovery were not associated with outcomes. In summary, hematopoietic cell source is associated with monocyte subpopulation recovery, with the early robust recovery in UCB recipients. Recovery of AMC and classic monocytes were prognostic for survival, relapse, and TRM. These indicators may identify patients at increased risk for post-HCT failure and guide therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Turcotte
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Qing Cao
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah A Cooley
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie Curtsinger
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shernan G Holtan
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashely Yingst
- Pediatric BMT and Cell Therapy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel J Weisdorf
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John E Wagner
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Pediatric BMT and Cell Therapy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
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24
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de Jong E, Hancock DG, Wells C, Richmond P, Simmer K, Burgner D, Strunk T, Currie AJ. Exposure to chorioamnionitis alters the monocyte transcriptional response to the neonatal pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis. Immunol Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29533486 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants are uniquely susceptible to late-onset sepsis that is frequently caused by the skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis. Innate immune responses, particularly from monocytes, are a key protective mechanism. Impaired cytokine production by preterm infant monocytes is well described, but few studies have comprehensively assessed the corresponding monocyte transcriptional response. Innate immune responses in preterm infants may be modulated by inflammation such as prenatal exposure to histologic chorioamnionitis which complicates 40-70% of preterm pregnancies. Chorioamnionitis alters the risk of late-onset sepsis, but its effect on monocyte function is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of exposure to chorioamnionitis on the proportions and phenotype of cord blood monocytes using flow cytometry, as well as their transcriptional response to live S. epidermidis. RNA-seq was performed on purified cord blood monocytes from very preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation, with and without chorioamnionitis-exposure) and term infants (37-40 weeks), pre- and postchallenge with live S. epidermidis. Preterm monocytes from infants without chorioamnionitis-exposure did not exhibit an intrinsically deficient transcriptional response to S. epidermidis compared to term infants. In contrast, chorioamnionitis-exposure was associated with hypo-responsive transcriptional phenotype regarding a subset of genes involved in antigen presentation and adaptive immunity. Overall, our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to inflammation may alter the risk of sepsis in preterm infants partly by modulation of monocyte responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma de Jong
- Medical & Molecular Sciences, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - David G Hancock
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christine Wells
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, MDHS, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- Centre for Neonatal Research& Education and Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Centre for Neonatal Research& Education and Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tobias Strunk
- Centre for Neonatal Research& Education and Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial and Princess Margaret Hospitals, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew J Currie
- Medical & Molecular Sciences, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research& Education and Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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25
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26
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Abstract
The early stages of life are associated with increased susceptibility to infection, which is in part due to an ineffective immune system. In the context of infection, the immune system must be stimulated to provide efficient protection while avoiding insufficient or excessive activation. Yet, in early life, age-dependent immune regulation at molecular and cellular levels contributes to a reduced immunological fitness in terms of pathogen clearance and response to vaccines. To enable microbial colonization to be tolerated at birth, epigenetic immune cell programming and early life-specific immune regulatory and effector mechanisms ensure that vital functions and organ development are supported and that tissue damage is avoided. Advancement in our understanding of age-related remodelling of immune networks and the consequent tuning of immune responsiveness will open up new possibilities for immune intervention and vaccine strategies that are designed specifically for early life.
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27
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Scotland P, Buntz S, Noeldner P, Saha A, Gentry T, Kurtzberg J, Balber AE. Gene products promoting remyelination are up-regulated in a cell therapy product manufactured from banked human cord blood. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:771-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Cifuentes-Zúñiga F, Arroyo-Jousse V, Soto-Carrasco G, Casanello P, Uauy R, Krause BJ, Castro-Rodríguez JA. IL-10 expression in macrophages from neonates born from obese mothers is suppressed by IL-4 and LPS/INFγ. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3693-3701. [PMID: 28160500 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obese women offspring have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases associated with an altered immune function. We aim to determine, in neonatal monocyte-derived macrophages, whether maternal obesity is associated with an altered expression and DNA methylation of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, along with a higher pro-inflammatory response. Cord blood from newborns of obese (Ob) and lean (control) women were obtained at delivery. Monocytes were isolated and differentiated into macrophages, in which M1 (LPS/IFNγ) and M2 (IL-4) polarization were assayed. The mRNA levels for TNFα, IL-1β, IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-10, and IL-4R were quantified by qPCR and the DNA methylation of candidate genes determined by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Ob-monocytes had decreased levels of mRNA for pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-12B compared with controls. Conversely, Ob-macrophages showed increased levels of mRNA for TNFα, IL-4R, and IL-10 compared with controls. M1 response was comparable between both groups, characterized by an important induction of TNFα and IL-1β. In response to an M2 stimulus, control macrophages showed a decreased expression of inflammatory mediators while Ob-macrophages had an additional suppression of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. Changes in IL-1β (monocytes) and IL-10 (macrophages) in Ob-monocytes were paralleled by changes in their promoter DNA methylation in fetal monocytes. These results suggest that monocyte-derived macrophages from obese newborns show a basal anti-inflammatory phenotype with an unbalanced response to M1 and M2 polarization stimuli. The presence of changes in DNA methylation of key inflammatory genes in neonatal monocytes suggests an intrauterine programing of immune function by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Arroyo-Jousse
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Soto-Carrasco
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Castro-Rodríguez
- Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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29
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Trang K, Raposo RA, Lowe MM, Krow-Lucal ER, Yonemoto W, Cabido VD, SenGupta D, McCune JM. Relative mRNA Expression Levels of Restriction Factors and Antiviral Genes in Fetal and Adult Human Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:142-148. [PMID: 28151065 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among untreated HIV-infected pregnant women, the frequency of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is low (5-10%), with most infections occurring at or after birth. Given findings that fetal and adult monocytes are distinct from one another in terms of basal transcriptional profiles, and in phosphorylation of signal transducer and activators of transcription in response to cytokines, we hypothesized that fetal CD14+CD16- monocyte and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) might, compared to their adult counterparts, express higher levels of transcripts for restriction factors and antiviral factors at baseline and/or after stimulation with cytokines that might be induced upon transmission of HIV in utero, for example, IFNα, IFNγ, and IL-6. We carried out these experiments and noted that a few genes, including APOBEC3B, APOBEC3C, and IFITM2, were expressed to a greater degree in fetal monocytes compared to adults. Similarly, the expression levels of APOBEC3F and TRIM32 were greater in fetal MDMs. However, most of these differences were not observed after stimulation with cytokines and the vast majority of antiviral genes were more highly expressed in adults. Therefore, the results of this study are not consistent with the hypothesis that increased expression of antiviral genes in fetal myeloid cells confers immune protection to fetuses in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Trang
- 1 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Rui André Raposo
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- 1 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Elisabeth R Krow-Lucal
- 1 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Wes Yonemoto
- 1 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Vinicius D Cabido
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Devi SenGupta
- 1 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph M McCune
- 1 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
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30
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Wang J, Wissink EM, Watson NB, Smith NL, Grimson A, Rudd BD. Fetal and adult progenitors give rise to unique populations of CD8+ T cells. Blood 2016; 128:3073-82. [PMID: 28034872 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-725366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the ontogeny of the mammalian immune system, distinct lineages of cells arise from fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during specific stages of development. However, in some cases, the same immune cell type is produced by both HSC populations, resulting in the generation of phenotypically similar cells with distinct origins and divergent functional properties. In this report, we demonstrate that neonatal CD8+ T cells preferentially become short-lived effectors and adult CD8+ T cells selectively form long-lived memory cells after infection because they are derived from distinct progenitor cells. Notably, we find that naïve neonatal CD8+ T cells originate from a progenitor cell that is distinguished by expression of Lin28b. Remarkably, ectopic expression of Lin28b enables adult progenitors to give rise to CD8+ T cells that are phenotypically and functionally analogous to those found in neonates. These findings suggest that neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells belong to separate lineages of CD8+ T cells, and potentially explain why it is challenging to elicit memory CD8+ T cells in early life.
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31
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Rahman M, Boughorbel S, Presnell S, Quinn C, Cugno C, Chaussabel D, Marr N. A curated transcriptome dataset collection to investigate the functional programming of human hematopoietic cells in early life. F1000Res 2016; 5:414. [PMID: 27347375 PMCID: PMC4916988 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8375.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compendia of large-scale datasets made available in public repositories provide an opportunity to identify and fill gaps in biomedical knowledge. But first, these data need to be made readily accessible to research investigators for interpretation. Here we make available a collection of transcriptome datasets to investigate the functional programming of human hematopoietic cells in early life. Thirty two datasets were retrieved from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and loaded in a custom web application called the Gene Expression Browser (GXB), which was designed for interactive query and visualization of integrated large-scale data. Quality control checks were performed. Multiple sample groupings and gene rank lists were created allowing users to reveal age-related differences in transcriptome profiles, changes in the gene expression of neonatal hematopoietic cells to a variety of immune stimulators and modulators, as well as during cell differentiation. Available demographic, clinical, and cell phenotypic information can be overlaid with the gene expression data and used to sort samples. Web links to customized graphical views can be generated and subsequently inserted in manuscripts to report novel findings. GXB also enables browsing of a single gene across projects, thereby providing new perspectives on age- and developmental stage-specific expression of a given gene across the human hematopoietic system. This dataset collection is available at:
http://developmentalimmunology.gxbsidra.org/dm3/geneBrowser/list.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nico Marr
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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32
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Abstract
Despite concerted international efforts, mortality from neonatal infections remains unacceptably high in some areas of the world, particularly for premature infants. Recent developments in flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing technologies have led to major discoveries over the past few years, providing a more integrated understanding of the developing human immune system in the context of its microbial environment. We review these recent findings, focusing on how in human newborns incomplete maturation of the immune system before a full term of gestation impacts on their vulnerability to infection. We also discuss some of the clinical implications of this research in guiding the design of more-accurate age-adapted diagnostic and preventive strategies for neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Kan
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hamid Reza Razzaghian
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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33
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Turcotte LM, Yingst A, Verneris MR. Metabolic Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: At the Intersection of Treatment Toxicity and Immune Dysfunction. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:1159-1166. [PMID: 27013015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors face a multitude of short- and long-term health complications in the years after treatment. One important health complication that is associated with significant morbidity is metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). This constellation of findings, which includes obesity, glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, and hypertension, places affected individuals at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular complications, and stroke. Previous studies have linked MetSyn in HCT survivors to prior treatment; however, few studies have addressed the potential roles of systemic inflammation and immune system dysfunction after HCT. Within this review, we address the recent advances in the understanding of adipose tissue biology, immune, and inflammatory mechanisms involved in MetSyn in non-HCT patients, and lastly, we discuss potential novel mechanisms that may play a role in MetSyn development after HCT, such as hematopoietic stem cell source, inflammatory status of the stem cell donor, and microbiome composition, all of which represent potential new directions for post-HCT MetSyn research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Ashley Yingst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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34
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Ruckwardt TJ, Morabito KM, Graham BS. Determinants of early life immune responses to RSV infection. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 16:151-157. [PMID: 26986236 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus causes significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries, and a vaccine that adequately protects from severe disease remains an important unmet need. RSV disease has an inordinate impact on the very young, and the physical and immunological immaturity of early life complicates vaccine design. Defining and targeting the functional capacities of early life immune responses and controlling responses during primary antigen exposure with selected vaccine delivery approaches will be important for protecting infants by active immunization. Alternatively, vaccination of older children and pregnant mothers may ameliorate disease burden indirectly until infants reach about six months of age, when they can generate more effective anti-RSV immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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35
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Roger T, Schneider A, Weier M, Sweep FC, Le Roy D, Bernhagen J, Calandra T, Giannoni E. High expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor sustain the innate immune responses of neonates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E997-1005. [PMID: 26858459 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514018113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vulnerability to infection of newborns is associated with a limited ability to mount efficient immune responses. High concentrations of adenosine and prostaglandins in the fetal and neonatal circulation hamper the antimicrobial responses of newborn immune cells. However, the existence of mechanisms counterbalancing neonatal immunosuppression has not been investigated. Remarkably, circulating levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory immunoregulatory cytokine expressed constitutively, were 10-fold higher in newborns than in children and adults. Newborn monocytes expressed high levels of MIF and released MIF upon stimulation with Escherichia coli and group B Streptococcus, the leading pathogens of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Inhibition of MIF activity or MIF expression reduced microbial product-induced phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases and secretion of cytokines. Recombinant MIF used at newborn, but not adult, concentrations counterregulated adenosine and prostaglandin E2-mediated inhibition of ERK1/2 activation and TNF production in newborn monocytes exposed to E. coli. In agreement with the concept that once infection is established high levels of MIF are detrimental to the host, treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of MIF reduced systemic inflammatory response, bacterial proliferation, and mortality of septic newborn mice. Altogether, these data provide a mechanistic explanation for how newborns may cope with an immunosuppressive environment to maintain a certain threshold of innate defenses. However, the same defense mechanisms may be at the expense of the host in conditions of severe infection, suggesting that MIF could represent a potential attractive target for immune-modulating adjunctive therapies for neonatal sepsis.
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36
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Baker CAR, Swainson L, Lin DL, Wong S, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Lifson JD, Tarantal AF, McCune JM. Exposure to SIV in utero results in reduced viral loads and altered responsiveness to postnatal challenge. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:300ra125. [PMID: 26268312 PMCID: PMC5100009 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HIV disease progression appears to be driven by increased immune activation. Given observations that fetal exposure to infectious pathogens in utero can result in reduced immune responses, or tolerance, to those pathogens postnatally, we hypothesized that fetal exposure to HIV may render the fetus tolerant to the virus, thus reducing damage caused by immune activation during infection later in life. To test this hypothesis, fetal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were injected with the attenuated virus SIVmac1A11 in utero and challenged with pathogenic SIVmac239 1 year after birth. SIVmac1A11-injected animals had significantly reduced plasma RNA viral loads (P < 0.02) up to 35 weeks after infection. Generalized estimating equations analysis was performed to identify immunologic and clinical measurements associated with plasma RNA viral load. A positive association with plasma RNA viral load was observed with the proportion of CD8(+) T cells expressing the transcription factor, FoxP3, and the proportion of CD4(+) T cells producing the lymphoproliferative cytokine, IL-2. In contrast, an inverse relationship was found with the frequencies of circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells displaying intermediate expression of the proliferation marker, Ki-67. Animals exposed to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in utero appeared to have enhanced SIV-specific immune responses, a lower proportion of CD8(+) T cells expressing the exhaustion marker PD-1, and more circulating TH17 cells than controls. Although the development of tolerance was not demonstrated, these data suggest that rhesus monkeys exposed to SIVmac1A11 in utero had distinct immune responses associated with the control of viral replication after postnatal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A R Baker
- Graduate Group in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Louise Swainson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Din L Lin
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Samson Wong
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alice F Tarantal
- Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Lissner MM, Thomas BJ, Wee K, Tong AJ, Kollmann TR, Smale ST. Age-Related Gene Expression Differences in Monocytes from Human Neonates, Young Adults, and Older Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132061. [PMID: 26147648 PMCID: PMC4493075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of age-related differences in the innate and adaptive immune systems have been proposed to contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection of human neonates and older adults. The emergence of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) provides an opportunity to obtain an unbiased, comprehensive, and quantitative view of gene expression differences in defined cell types from different age groups. An examination of ex vivo human monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide stimulation or Listeria monocytogenes infection by RNA-seq revealed extensive similarities between neonates, young adults, and older adults, with an unexpectedly small number of genes exhibiting statistically significant age-dependent differences. By examining the differentially induced genes in the context of transcription factor binding motifs and RNA-seq data sets from mutant mouse strains, a previously described deficiency in interferon response factor-3 activity could be implicated in most of the differences between newborns and young adults. Contrary to these observations, older adults exhibited elevated expression of inflammatory genes at baseline, yet the responses following stimulation correlated more closely with those observed in younger adults. Notably, major differences in the expression of constitutively expressed genes were not observed, suggesting that the age-related differences are driven by environmental influences rather than cell-autonomous differences in monocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Lissner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon J. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Wee
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ann-Jay Tong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (TRK); (STS)
| | - Stephen T. Smale
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TRK); (STS)
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PrabhuDas M, Bonney E, Caron K, Dey S, Erlebacher A, Fazleabas A, Fisher S, Golos T, Matzuk M, McCune JM, Mor G, Schulz L, Soares M, Spencer T, Strominger J, Way SS, Yoshinaga K. Immune mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: perspectives and challenges. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:328-34. [PMID: 25789673 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang T, Yu FL, Yang WX, Ruan MM, Yue ZY, Liu Y, Liu TT, Zhou P, Xia H, Guan JC. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B administration during pregnancy imprints the increased CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio in the peripheral blood from neonatal to adult offspring rats. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:1-6. [PMID: 25381147 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.082438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) administration during pregnancy could alter the percentage of T cells subpopulation in the thymus of the neonatal rats; however, little is known about the effect of maternal SEB administration during pregnancy on T cells subpopulation in the peripheral blood of the offspring rats. In the present study, pregnant rats at gestational day 16 were intravenously injected with 15 µg SEB. The present study found that prenatal exposure to SEB significantly decreased the percentages of CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood of both neonatal rats on the fifth day after delivery and the adult offspring rats. Furthermore, it significantly increased the percentage of CD4 T cells as well as the ratios of CD4 to CD8 T cells in both neonatal and adult offspring rats. Prenatal exposure to SEB significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the plasma of neonatal and adult offspring rats. Furthermore, SEB restimulation significantly increased the percentage of CD8 T cells and significantly decreased the percentage of CD4 T cells. These data suggest the prenatal exposure to SEB can imprint the increased CD4:CD8 T cell ratio in the peripheral blood from the neonate to adulthood through the decreased CD8 T cells and the increased CD4 T cells, and altered the response characteristics of CD4 and CD8 T cells to secondary SEB administration in the peripheral blood of the adult offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Feng-Ling Yu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Wen-Xuan Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Ruan
- Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Yue
- Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Hui Xia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jun-Chang Guan
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
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Abstract
The human immune system evolves continuously during development from the embryo into the adult, reflecting the ever-changing environment and demands of our body. This ability of our immune system to sense external cues and adapt as we develop is just as important in the early tolerogenic environment of the fetus, as it is in the constantly pathogen-challenged adult. Dendritic cells (DCs), the professional antigen-sensing and antigen-presenting components of the immune system, play a crucial role in this process where they act as sentinels, both initiating and regulating immune responses. Here, we provide an overview of the human immune system in the developing fetus and the adult, with a focus on DC ontogeny and function during these discrete but intimately linked life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi McGovern
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | | | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, Singapore 138648, Singapore Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
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Abstract
Granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) represent a subgroup of leukocytes, collectively called myeloid cells. During the embryonic development of mammalians, myelopoiesis occurs in a stepwise fashion that begins in the yolk sac and ends up in the bone marrow (BM). During this process, these early monocyte progenitors colonize various organs such as the brain, liver, skin, and lungs and differentiate into resident macrophages that will self-maintain throughout life. DCs are constantly replenished from BM precursors but can also arise from monocytes in inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize the different types of myeloid cells and discuss new insights into their early origin and development in mice and humans from fetal to adult life. We specifically focus on the function of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs at these different developmental stages and on the intrinsic and environmental influences that may drive these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismé De Kleer
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Willems
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles , Charleroi , Belgium
| | - Bart Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles , Charleroi , Belgium
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