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Golshah A, Sadeghi M, Sadeghi E. Evaluation of Serum/Plasma Levels of Interleukins (IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23) in Adults and Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024. [PMID: 38757606 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. We aimed to evaluate serum/plasma levels of several cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23) in a systematic review meta-analysis in both adults and children with OSA compared with controls. We conducted a comprehensive search of 4 digital databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) up until October 19, 2023, without any limitations. For our meta-analysis, we used Review Manager, version 5.3, and displayed the data as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the correlation between cytokine levels and OSA. We utilized Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0 software to conduct bias analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses. From 1881 records, 84 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In adults, the pooled SMDs for IL-6 level were 0.79 (P value < 0.00001), for IL-17 level were 0.74 (P value = 0.14), and for IL-18 level were 0.43 (P value = 0.00002). In children, the pooled SMD for IL-6 was 1.10 (P value < 0.00001), for IL-12 was 0.47 (P value = 0.10), for IL-17 was 2.21 (a P value = 0.24), for IL-18 was 0.19 (P value = 0.07), and for IL-23 was 2.46 (P value < 0.0001). The subgroup analysis showed that the ethnicity, mean body mass index, and mean apnea-hypopnea index for IL-6 levels in adults and the ethnicity for IL-6 levels in children were effective factors in the pooled SMD. The findings of the trial sequential analysis revealed that adequate evidence has been obtained. The analysis of IL levels in adults and children with OSA compared with those without OSA revealed significant differences. In adults, IL-6 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the OSA group, while in children, only IL-6 and IL-23 levels were significantly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Golshah
- Department of Orthodontics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Edris Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Lal H, Verma SK, Wang Y, Xie M, Young ME. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism. Circ Res 2024; 134:635-658. [PMID: 38484029 PMCID: PMC10947116 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Chan KCC, artin Li AM. Disruption of blood pressure circadian rhythm in children with obstructive sleep apnea-is it a pathway leading to cardiovascular morbidities? Sleep 2024; 47:zsad284. [PMID: 38092701 PMCID: PMC10851862 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ching-Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert M artin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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de Lourdes Rabelo Guimarães M, de Azevedo PG, Souza RP, Gomes-Fernandes B, Friedman E, De Marco L, Bastos-Rodrigues L. Evaluation of clinical and genetic factors in obstructive sleep apnoea. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2023; 43:409-416. [PMID: 37814975 PMCID: PMC10773545 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the correlation between several presumed candidate genes for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and clinical OSA phenotypes and propose a predictive comprehensive model for diagnosis of OSA. Methods This case-control study compared polysomnographic patterns, clinical data, morbidities, dental factors and genetic data for polymorphisms in PER3, BDNF, NRXN3, APOE, HCRTR2, MC4R between confirmed OSA cases and ethnically matched clinically unaffected controls. A logistic regression model was developed to predict OSA using the combined data. Results The cohort consisted of 161 OSA cases and 81 controls. Mean age of cases was 53.5 ± 14.0 years, mostly males (57%) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2. None of the genotyped markers showed a statistically significant association with OSA after adjusting for age and BMI. A predictive algorithm included the variables gender, age, snoring, hypertension, mouth breathing and number of T alleles of PER3 (rs228729) presenting 76.5% specificity and 71.6% sensitivity. Conclusions No genetic variant tested showed a statistically significant association with OSA phenotype. Logistic regression analysis resulted in a predictive model for diagnosing OSA that, if validated by larger prospective studies, could be applied clinically to allow risk stratification for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Guimarães de Azevedo
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renan Pedra Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioestatística e Epidemiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gomes-Fernandes
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Genetic Center for Early Detection, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Luiz De Marco
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bastos-Rodrigues
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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5
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Šmon J, Kočar E, Pintar T, Dolenc-Grošelj L, Rozman D. Is obstructive sleep apnea a circadian rhythm disorder? J Sleep Res 2023:e13875. [PMID: 36922163 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder worldwide and remains underdiagnosed. Its multiple associated comorbidities contribute to a decreased quality of life and work performance as well as an increased risk of death. Standard treatment seems to have limited effects on cardiovascular and metabolic aspects of the disease, emphasising the need for early diagnosis and additional therapeutic approaches. Recent evidence suggests that the dysregulation of circadian rhythms, processes with endogenous rhythmicity that are adjusted to the environment through various cues, is involved in the pathogenesis of comorbidities. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, altered circadian gene expression patterns have been demonstrated. Obstructive respiratory events may promote circadian dysregulation through the effects of sleep disturbance and intermittent hypoxia, with subsequent inflammation and disruption of neural and hormonal homeostasis. In this review, current knowledge on obstructive sleep apnea, circadian rhythm regulation, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders is summarised. Studies that connect obstructive sleep apnea to circadian rhythm abnormalities are critically evaluated. Furthermore, pathogenetic mechanisms that may underlie this association, most notably hypoxia signalling, are presented. A bidirectional relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and circadian rhythm dysregulation is proposed. Approaching obstructive sleep apnea as a circadian rhythm disorder may prove beneficial for the development of new, personalised diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic tools. However, further studies are needed before the clinical approach to obstructive sleep apnea includes targeting the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Šmon
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Kočar
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leja Dolenc-Grošelj
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gumz ML, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Balijepalli RC, Benedict C, Chen Y, Earnest DJ, Gamble KL, Garrison SR, Gong MC, Hogenesch JB, Hong Y, Ivy JR, Joe B, Laposky AD, Liang M, MacLaughlin EJ, Martino TA, Pollock DM, Redline S, Rogers A, Dan Rudic R, Schernhammer ES, Stergiou GS, St-Onge MP, Wang X, Wright J, Oh YS. Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report. Hypertension 2023; 80:503-522. [PMID: 36448463 PMCID: PMC9931676 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure. Sleep patterns, hormone release, eating habits, digestion, body temperature, renal and cardiovascular function, and other important host functions as well as gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, and influence circadian rhythms of blood pressure. Potential benefits of nonpharmacologic interventions such as meal timing, and pharmacologic chronotherapeutic interventions, such as the bedtime administration of antihypertensive medications, have recently been suggested in some studies. However, the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm-mediated blood pressure regulation and the efficacy of chronotherapy in hypertension remain unclear. This review summarizes the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop convened on October 27 to 29, 2021 to assess knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the study of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and chronotherapy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (M.L.G.)
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, The Columbia Hypertension Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (D.S.)
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A.)
| | - Ravi C Balijepalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Sweden (C.B.)
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Research Department, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL (Y.C.)
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX (D.J.E.)
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (K.L.G.)
| | - Scott R Garrison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada (S.R.G.)
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (M.C.G.)
| | | | - Yuling Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.R.I.)
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (B.J.)
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (A.D.L.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (M.L.)
| | - Eric J MacLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX (E.J.M.)
| | - Tami A Martino
- Center for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (T.A.M.)
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (D.M.P.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.)
| | - Amy Rogers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - R Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, GA (R.D.R.)
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.S.S.)
| | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center, STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.S.S.)
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center' New York, NY (M.-P.S.-O.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, GA (X.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Young S Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
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Li X, Liu X, Meng Q, Wu X, Bing X, Guo N, Zhao X, Hou X, Wang B, Xia M, Li H. Circadian clock disruptions link oxidative stress and systemic inflammation to metabolic syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Front Physiol 2022; 13:932596. [PMID: 36105285 PMCID: PMC9466597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.932596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent studies have indicated that circadian clock genes were dysregulated in OSA. In addition, it is clear that the impairment of circadian clocks drives the progression of MetS. Therefore, we hypothesized that circadian rhythm disruption links OSA with MetS.Methods: A total of 118 participants, who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and were diagnosed as healthy snorers (control, n = 29) or OSA (n = 89) patients based on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), were enrolled in the present study. General information, anthropometric data, blood biochemical indicators, clock gene expressions, and levels of oxidative and inflammatory indicators were collected, determined, and compared in all the participants.Results: We found that Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 1 (Dec1) were upregulated, while Period 1 (Per1) was reduced in OSA patients. In addition, these changing trends were closely associated with the hypoxia indicator of AHI and have a significant impact on the presence of MetS components, such as hyperglycemia (Dec1 and Per1, p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively), hypertension (Bmal1 and Dec1, p < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively), hyperlipidemia (Dec1, p < 0.01), and obesity (Dec1, p < 0.05). Notably, expressions of Dec1 correlated with IR and predicted the presence of MetS in OSA patients. Finally, we also observed that Dec1 expression was interrelated with levels of both oxidative indicators and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6) in OSA.Conclusion: This study concluded that circadian clock disruptions, especially Dec1, link OSA with MetS in an oxidative and inflammatory-related manner. Circadian clock Dec1 can be used as a specific biomarker (p < 0.001) and therapeutic target in OSA combined with Mets patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejian Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qiu Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Bing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuening Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Baowei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Ming Xia,
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Ming Xia,
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Fagiani F, Baronchelli E, Pittaluga A, Pedrini E, Scacchi C, Govoni S, Lanni C. The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937174. [PMID: 35845604 PMCID: PMC9283971 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian molecular machinery is a fine timekeeper with the capacity to harmonize physiological and behavioral processes with the external environment. This tight-knit regulation is coordinated by multiple cellular clocks across the body. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms regulated by the clock in different brain areas and within different cells of the central nervous system. Further, we discuss evidence regarding the role of circadian rhythms in the regulation of neuronal activity and neurotransmitter systems. Not only neurons, but also astrocytes and microglia actively participate in the maintenance of timekeeping within the brain, and the diffusion of circadian information among these cells is fine-tuned by neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus impacting on the core clock machinery. The bidirectional interplay between neurotransmitters and the circadian clockwork is fundamental in maintaining accuracy and precision in daily timekeeping throughout different brain areas. Deepening the knowledge of these correlations allows us to define the basis of drug interventions to restore circadian rhythms, as well as to predict the onset of drug treatment/side effects that might promote daily desynchronization. Furthermore, it may lead to a deeper understanding of the potential impacts of modulations in rhythmic activities on the pace of aging and provide an insight in to the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Baronchelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scacchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Lanni
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Johnson BS, Krishna MB, Padmanabhan RA, Pillai SM, Jayakrishnan K, Laloraya M. Derailed peripheral circadian genes in polycystic ovary syndrome patients alters peripheral conversion of androgens synthesis. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1835-1855. [PMID: 35728080 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do circadian genes exhibit an altered profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and do they have a potential role in androgen excess? SUMMARY ANSWER Our findings revealed that an impaired circadian clock could hamper the regulation of peripheral steroid metabolism in PCOS women. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PCOS patients exhibit features of metabolic syndrome. Circadian rhythm disruption is involved in the development of metabolic diseases and subfertility. An association between shift work and the incidence of PCOS in females was recently reported. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a retrospective case-referent study in which peripheral blood samples were obtained from 101 control and 101 PCOS subjects. PCOS diagnoses were based on Rotterdam Consensus criteria. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study comprised 101 women with PCOS and 101 control volunteers, as well as Swiss albino mice treated with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to induce PCOS development. Gene expression analyses of circadian and steroidogenesis genes in human PBMC and mice ovaries and blood were executed by quantitative real-time PCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed aberrant expression of peripheral circadian clock genes in PCOS, with a significant reduction in the core clock genes, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) (P ≤ 0.00001), brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) (P ≤ 0.00001) and NPAS2 (P ≤ 0.001), and upregulation of their negative feedback loop genes, CRY1 (P ≤ 0.00003), CRY2 (P ≤ 0.00006), PER1 (P ≤ 0.003), PER2 (P ≤ 0.002), DEC1 (P ≤ 0.0001) and DEC2 (P ≤ 0.00005). Transcript levels of an additional feedback loop regulating BMAL1 showed varied expression, with reduced RORA (P ≤ 0.008) and increased NR1D1 (P ≤ 0.02) in PCOS patients in comparison with the control group. We also demonstrated the expression pattern of clock genes in PBMCs of PCOS women at three different time points. PCOS patients also exhibited increased mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes like StAR (P ≤ 0.0005), CYP17A1 (P ≤ 0.005), SRD5A1 (P ≤ 0.00006) and SRD5A2 (P ≤ 0.009). Knockdown of CLOCK/BMAL1 in PBMCs resulted in a significant reduction in estradiol production, by reducing CYP19A1 and a significant increase in dihydrotestosterone production, by upregulating SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 in PBMCs. Our data also showed that CYP17A1 as a direct CLOCK-BMAL1 target in PBMCs. Phenotypic classification of PCOS subgroups showed a higher variation in expression of clock genes and steroidogenesis genes with phenotype A of PCOS. In alignment with the above results, altered expression of ovarian core clock genes (Clock, Bmal1 and Per2) was found in DHEA-treated PCOS mice. The expression of peripheral blood core clock genes in DHEA-induced PCOS mice was less robust and showed a loss of periodicity in comparison with that of control mice. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We could not evaluate the circadian oscillation of clock genes and clock-controlled genes over a 24-h period in the peripheral blood of control versus PCOS subjects. Additionally, circadian genes in the ovaries of PCOS women could not be evaluated due to limitations in sample availability, hence we employed the androgen excess mouse model of PCOS for ovarian circadian assessment. Clock genes were assessed in the whole ovary of the androgen excess mouse model of PCOS rather than in granulosa cells, which is another limitation of the present work. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our observations suggest that the biological clock is one of the contributing factors in androgen excess in PCOS, owing to its potential role in modulating peripheral androgen metabolism. Considering the increasing prevalence of PCOS and the rising frequency of delayed circadian rhythms and insufficient sleep among women, our study emphasizes the potential in modulating circadian rhythm as an important strategy in PCOS management, and further research on this aspect is highly warranted. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the RGCB-DBT Core Funds and a grant (#BT/PR29996/MED/97/472/2020) from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India, to M.L. B.S.J. was supported by a DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2015/IF150361 and M.B.K. was supported by the Research Fellowship from Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) (10.2(5)/2007(ii).E.U.II). The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betcy Susan Johnson
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research Scholar, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Meera B Krishna
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Renjini A Padmanabhan
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - K Jayakrishnan
- KJK Hospital and Fertility Research Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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10
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Yang C, Hwang C, Tsai N, Yang M. Expression of circadian clock genes in leukocytes of patients with Meniere's disease. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:584-591. [PMID: 35434324 PMCID: PMC9008173 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The underlying etiology of Meniere's disease (MD) is not completely clear, but the precipitated triggers may alter the circadian clock in patients with MD. This study aims to survey the expression of circadian clock genes in peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes of MD patients. Methods We investigated the expression of nine circadian clock genes in the PB leukocytes of patients with MD and normal controls using real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Results We observed significantly lower expression of PER1 gene and higher expression of CLOCK gene in MD patients than those in normal controls (p < 0.05). PER1 did not associate with the degree of dizziness handicap in the patients with MD, but a lower expression of PER1 was significantly correlated with higher pure tone average (PTA) and speech reception threshold of the affected ear (p < 0.05). Patients with PTA > 30 dB had significantly lower PER1 expression than those with PTA ≤30 dB in the affected ear (p < 0.05). Our qRT‐PCR result was validated by fewer positively stained leukocytes for PER1 protein in the MD patients using the immunocytochemical study. Conclusion Our study implies the alteration of the circadian clock in patients with MD. In particular, the downregulation of PER1 correlated with the degree of hearing loss in the affected ear. PER1 in PB leukocytes may be a potential marker for the progression of hearing loss in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Feng Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Nai‐Wen Tsai
- Department of Neurology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Yu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao‐Yuan Taiwan
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11
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Xie T, Guo D, Luo J, Guo Z, Zhang S, Wang A, Wang X, Wang X, Cao W, Su L, Guo J, Huang R, Xiao Y. The Relationship Between HIF1α and Clock Gene Expression in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:381-392. [PMID: 35299629 PMCID: PMC8922359 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s348580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the precise relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), circadian clock genes, and OSA. METHODS We recruited 21 patients with OSA and 22 age-matched controls who underwent polysomnography and had their peripheral blood collected on the evening before and the morning after sleep. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 events/h. Patients in which T90 > 0 were defined as having nocturnal hypoxemia (NH) and were referred to as the NH group. The mRNA levels of HIF1α, HIF1β and several clock genes (Timeless, Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Ck1δ, Rorα, NR1D1, and NPAS2) were determined by RT-qPCR. The percentage difference in gene expression levels when compared between the morning and evening was then determined as referred to as morning-evening variation (MEV). RESULTS The MEV for HIF1α mRNA expression in OSA patients increased significantly by 23% (P = 0.008) when compared to patients without OSA. The gene expression levels of Timeless (P = 0.038) and Cry2 (P = 0.012) decreased with AHI. The MEV of Bmal1, Rorα, and HIF1α mRNA levels were upregulated by 16% (P = 0.006), 14% (P = 0.027), and 25% (P = 0.005), respectively, in participants with NH when compared to those without NH. Furthermore, the MEV for HIF1α mRNA levels was positively correlated with the MEV of Bmal1, Cry1, and CK1δ mRNA levels (R = 0.638, P < 0.001; R = 0.327, P = 0.002; R = 0.332, P = 0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated with LSpO2 (R = -0.464, P =0.009) and Mean SpO2 (R = -0.500, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that patients with OSA or NH tend to develop circadian rhythm disorders that may be induced by the hypoxia-mediated augmentation of HIF1α gene expression in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmei Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Norepinephrine influences the circadian clock in human dermal fibroblasts from study participants with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1147-1157. [PMID: 34275002 PMCID: PMC8295072 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by changes to the circadian process. Many medications used to treat the condition, influence norepinephrine levels. Several studies have, in addition, reported that norepinephrine itself has an effect on circadian function. The aim of this study was to investigate the circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after norepinephrine exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with an ADHD diagnosis. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different norepinephrine concentrations in HDF cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR. The exposure of 1 µM norepinephrine to confluent cultures of human dermal fibroblasts from participants with a diagnosis of ADHD, was shown to dampen Per1 rhythmicity. The expression of Bmal1, Per1 and Per3 in control subjects was also influenced by incubation with 1 µM norepinephrine. Cultures from the ADHD group revealed no statistically significant overall differences in circadian gene expression, between cultures with and without norepinephrine incubation. Per3 expression showed a significant ZT × group interaction via mixed ANOVA. Per3 expression at ZT4 was significant higher in the group of control samples incubated with 1 µM norepinephrine, compared to the control group without norepinephrine. This effect was also shown in the control samples incubated with 1 µM norepinephrine and cultures from subjects with ADHD without norepinephrine incubation. Per3 expression differed between the healthy control group and the ADHD group without norepinephrine incubation at ZT28. The results of the present study illustrate that norepinephrine impacts on circadian function. In both groups, control group and cultures taken from subjects with ADHD, the expression of the periodic genes (Per1–3) was significantly influenced by incubation with norepinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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13
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Koritala BSC, Conroy Z, Smith DF. Circadian Biology in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1082. [PMID: 34199193 PMCID: PMC8231795 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex process that can lead to the dysregulation of the molecular clock, as well as 24 h rhythms of sleep and wake, blood pressure, and other associated biological processes. Previous work has demonstrated crosstalk between the circadian clock and hypoxia-responsive pathways. However, even in the absence of OSA, disrupted clocks can exacerbate OSA-associated outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular or cognitive outcomes). As we expand our understanding of circadian biology in the setting of OSA, this information could play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA. Here, we summarize the pre-existing knowledge of circadian biology in patients with OSA and examine the utility of circadian biomarkers as alternative clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Zachary Conroy
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - David F. Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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14
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Gaspar LS, Hesse J, Yalçin M, Santos B, Carvalhas-Almeida C, Ferreira M, Moita J, Relógio A, Cavadas C, Álvaro AR. Long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment ameliorates biological clock disruptions in obstructive sleep apnea. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103248. [PMID: 33647771 PMCID: PMC7920825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent and underdiagnosed sleep disorder. Recent studies suggest that OSA might disrupt the biological clock, potentially causing or worsening OSA-associated comorbidities. However, the effect of OSA treatment on clock disruption is not fully understood. METHODS The impact of OSA and short- (four months) and long-term (two years) OSA treatment, with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), on the biological clock was investigated at four time points within 24 h, in OSA patients relative to controls subjects (no OSA) of the same sex and age group, in a case-control study. Plasma melatonin and cortisol, body temperature and the expression levels and rhythmicity of eleven clock genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed. Additional computational tools were used for a detailed data analysis. FINDINGS OSA impacts on clock outputs and on the expression of several clock genes in PBMCs. Neither short- nor long-term treatment fully reverted OSA-induced alterations in the expression of clock genes. However, long-term treatment was able to re-establish levels of plasma melatonin and cortisol and body temperature. Machine learning methods could discriminate controls from untreated OSA patients. Following long-term treatment, the distinction between controls and patients disappeared, suggesting a closer similarity of the phenotypes. INTERPRETATION OSA alters biological clock-related characteristics that differentially respond to short- and long-term CPAP treatment. Long-term CPAP was more efficient in counteracting OSA impact on the clock, but the obtained results suggest that it is not fully effective. A better understanding of the impact of OSA and OSA treatment on the clock may open new avenues to OSA diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia S Gaspar
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo I, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Janina Hesse
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany; Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Human Medicine, Institute for Systems Medicine and Bioinformatics, MSH Medical School Hamburg-University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg 20457, Germany
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany; Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Bárbara Santos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo I, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo I, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Ferreira
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Moita
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany; Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Human Medicine, Institute for Systems Medicine and Bioinformatics, MSH Medical School Hamburg-University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg 20457, Germany.
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo I, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo I, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Crnko S, Schutte H, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, van Laake LW. Minimally Invasive Ways of Determining Circadian Rhythms in Humans. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:7-20. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm exerts a critical role in mammalian health and disease. A malfunctioning circadian clock can be a consequence, as well as the cause of several pathophysiologies. Clinical therapies and research may also be influenced by the clock. Since the most suitable manner of revealing this rhythm in humans is not yet established, we discuss existing methods and seek to determine the most feasible ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Crnko
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Schutte
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W. van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Green M, Ken-Dror G, Fluck D, Sada C, Sharma P, Fry CH, Han TS. Meta-analysis of changes in the levels of catecholamines and blood pressure with continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 23:12-20. [PMID: 32970922 PMCID: PMC8030100 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) stimulates catecholamine release consequently exacerbating hypertension. However, different studies have shown a conflicting impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with OSA on catecholamine levels and blood pressure. We aimed to examine changes to catecholamine levels and blood pressure in response to CPAP treatment. We conducted a meta‐analysis of data published up to May 2020. The quality of the studies was evaluated using standard tools for assessing the risk of bias. Meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan (v5.3) and expressed in standardized mean difference (SMD) for catecholamines and mean difference (MD) for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A total of 38 studies met our search criteria; they consisted of 14 randomized control trials (RCT) totaling 576 participants and 24 prospective cohort studies (PCS) of 547 participants. Mean age ranged between 41 and 62 year and body mass index between 27.2 and 35.1 kg/m2. CPAP treatment reduced 24‐hour urinary noradrenaline levels both in RCT (SMD = −1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.63 to − 0.56) and in PCS (SMD = 0.38 (CI: 0.24 to 0.53). SBP was also reduced by CPAP treatment in RCT (4.8 mmHg; CI: 2.0‐7.7) and in PCS (7.5 mmHg; CI: 3.3‐11.7). DBP was similarly reduced (3.0 mmHg; CI: 1.4‐4.6) and in PCS (5.1 mmHg; CI: 2.3‐8.0). In conclusion, CPAP treatment in patients with OSA reduces catecholamine levels and blood pressure. This suggests that sympathetic activity plays an intermediary role in hypertension associated with OSA‐related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Green
- Medical School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Gie Ken-Dror
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - David Fluck
- Department of Cardiology, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Charif Sada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | | | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thang S Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,Department of Endocrinology, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK
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Kinoshita C, Okamoto Y, Aoyama K, Nakaki T. MicroRNA: A Key Player for the Interplay of Circadian Rhythm Abnormalities, Sleep Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:282-307. [PMID: 33089205 PMCID: PMC7573810 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous 24-h oscillators that regulate the sleep/wake cycles and the timing of biological systems to optimize physiology and behavior for the environmental day/night cycles. The systems are basically generated by transcription-translation feedback loops combined with post-transcriptional and post-translational modification. Recently, evidence is emerging that additional non-coding RNA-based mechanisms are also required to maintain proper clock function. MicroRNA is an especially important factor that plays critical roles in regulating circadian rhythm as well as many other physiological functions. Circadian misalignment not only disturbs the sleep/wake cycle and rhythmic physiological activity but also contributes to the development of various diseases, such as sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The patient with neurodegenerative diseases often experiences profound disruptions in their circadian rhythms and/or sleep/wake cycles. In addition, a growing body of recent evidence implicates sleep disorders as an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases, and also suggests that abnormalities in the circadian system lead to the onset and expression of neurodegenerative diseases. The genetic mutations which cause the pathogenesis of familial neurodegenerative diseases have been well studied; however, with the exception of Huntington's disease, the majority of neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic. Interestingly, the dysfunction of microRNA is increasingly recognized as a cause of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases through the deregulated genes related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, some of which are the causative genes of familial neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the interplay of circadian rhythm disruption, sleep disorders and neurodegenerative disease, and its relation to microRNA, a key regulator of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Yayoi Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
- Teikyo University Support Center for Women Physicians and Researchers, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Toshio Nakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.O.); (K.A.)
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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18
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Ryan S, Cummins EP, Farre R, Gileles-Hillel A, Jun JC, Oster H, Pepin JL, Ray DW, Reutrakul S, Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Tamisier R, Almendros I. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiometabolic complications in obstructive sleep apnoea: towards personalised treatment approaches. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.02295-2019. [PMID: 32265303 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02295-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In January 2019, a European Respiratory Society research seminar entitled "Targeting the detrimental effects of sleep disturbances and disorders" was held in Dublin, Ireland. It provided the opportunity to critically review the current evidence of pathophysiological responses of sleep disturbances, such as sleep deprivation, sleep fragmentation or circadian misalignment and of abnormalities in physiological gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, which occur frequently in respiratory conditions during sleep. A specific emphasis of the seminar was placed on the evaluation of the current state of knowledge of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Identification of the detailed mechanisms of these processes is of major importance to the field and this seminar offered an ideal platform to exchange knowledge, and to discuss pitfalls of current models and the design of future collaborative studies. In addition, we debated the limitations of current treatment strategies for cardiometabolic complications in OSA and discussed potentially valuable alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Ryan
- Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland .,School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ramon Farre
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Unit, Dept of Pediatrics, and The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan C Jun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - David W Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Dept of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manuel Sanchez-de-la-Torre
- Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- HP2 INSERM U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Relationship between HIF-1 and Circadian Clock Proteins in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients-Preliminary Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051599. [PMID: 32466207 PMCID: PMC7291176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and associated with the disruption of circadian rhythm. The study aimed to assess the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) subunits, circadian clock proteins, and polysomnography (PSG) variables, in healthy individuals and severe OSA patients. The study included 20 individuals, who underwent PSG and were divided into severe OSA group (n = 10; AHI ≥ 30) and healthy control (n = 10; AHI < 5) based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). All participants had their peripheral blood collected in the evening before and the morning after the PSG. HIF-1α, HIF-1β, BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1, and PER1 protein concertation measurements were performed using ELISA. In a multivariate general linear model with the concentration of all circadian clock proteins as dependent variables, evening HIF-1α protein level was the only significant covariant (p = 0.025). Corrected models were significant for morning and evening PER1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.006, respectively), evening (p = 0.043), and evening BMAL protein level (p = 0.046). In corrected models, evening HIF-1α protein level had an influence only on the evening PER1 protein level. Results suggest that OSA patients are at risk for developing circadian clock disruption. This process might be mediated by subunit α of HIF-1, as its increased protein level is associated with overexpression of circadian clock proteins.
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20
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Butler MP, Thosar SS, Smales C, DeYoung PN, Wu H, Hussain MV, Morimoto M, Hu K, Scheer FAJL, Shea SA. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endogenous circadian rhythms assessed during relaxed wakefulness; an exploratory analysis. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:856-866. [PMID: 32192382 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1740723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and a change in the 24 h pattern of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. Adverse cardiovascular events occur more frequently in the middle of the night in people with OSA, earlier than the morning prevalence of these events in the general population. It is unknown if these changes are associated with a change in the underlying circadian rhythms, independent of behaviors such as sleep, physical activity, and meal intake. In this exploratory analysis, we studied the endogenous circadian rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, melatonin and cortisol in 11 participants (48 ± 4 years; seven with OSA) throughout a 5 day study that was originally designed to examine circadian characteristics of obstructive apnea events. After a baseline night, participants completed 10 recurring 5 h 20 min behavioral cycles divided evenly into standardized sleep and wake periods. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in a relaxed semirecumbent posture 15 minutes after each scheduled wake time. Salivary melatonin and cortisol concentrations were measured at 1-1.5 h intervals during wakefulness. Mixed-model cosinor analyses were performed to determine the rhythmicity of all variables with respect to external time and separately to circadian phases (aligned to the dim light melatonin onset, DLMO). The circadian rhythm of blood pressure peaked much later in OSA compared to control participants (group × circadian phase, p < .05); there was also a trend toward a slightly delayed cortisol rhythm in the OSA group. Rhythms of heart rate and melatonin did not differ between the groups. In this exploratory analysis, OSA appears to be associated with a phase change (relative to DLMO) in the endogenous circadian rhythm of blood pressure during relaxed wakefulness, independent of common daily behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Carolina Smales
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela N DeYoung
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospita, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Mohammad V Hussain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miki Morimoto
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon, USA
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21
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Abstract
Essentially all biological processes fluctuate over the course of the day, observed at cellular (eg, transcription, translation, and signaling), organ (eg, contractility and metabolism), and whole-body (eg, physical activity and appetite) levels. It is, therefore, not surprising that both cardiovascular physiology (eg, heart rate and blood pressure) and pathophysiology (eg, onset of adverse cardiovascular events) oscillate during the 24-hour day. Chronobiological influence over biological processes involves a complex interaction of factors that are extrinsic (eg, neurohumoral factors) and intrinsic (eg, circadian clocks) to cells. Here, we focus on circadian governance of 6 fundamentally important processes: metabolism, signaling, electrophysiology, extracellular matrix, clotting, and inflammation. In each case, we discuss (1) the physiological significance for circadian regulation of these processes (ie, the good); (2) the pathological consequence of circadian governance impairment (ie, the bad); and (3) whether persistence/augmentation of circadian influences contribute to pathogenesis during distinct disease states (ie, the ugly). Finally, the translational impact of chronobiology on cardiovascular disease is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rana
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Martin E Young
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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22
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Alternations of Circadian Clock Genes Expression and Oscillation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101634. [PMID: 31590444 PMCID: PMC6832256 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian misalignment plays an important role in disease processes and can affect disease severity, treatment outcomes, and even survivorship. In this study, we aim to investigate whether expression and daily oscillation patterns of core circadian clock genes were disturbed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea (OSA) syndrome. We performed real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions to examine the expression of the nine core circadian clock genes in leukocytes of peripheral blood collected at 12 AM, 6 AM, 12 PM, and 6 PM from 133 patients with OSA and 11 normal controls. Daily expression patterns of the nine circadian clock genes were observed in normal controls, but three of these genes (BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY2) were disrupted in patients with OSA. The expressions of eight circadian clock genes (except PER1) at midnight were significantly downregulated in patients with severe OSA. Binary logistic regression analysis selected CRY1 and PER3 as independent factors for severe OSA and showed that the combined expressions of CRY1 and PER3 enhanced the capability of predicting severe OSA (Odds ratio, 5.800; 95% CI, 1.978 to 17.004; p = 0.001). Our results show that combined expressions of CRY1 and PER3 at midnight could be a potential predictor for severe OSA.
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23
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More CE, Papp C, Harsanyi S, Gesztelyi R, Mikaczo A, Tajti G, Kardos L, Seres I, Lorincz H, Csapo K, Zsuga J. Altered irisin/BDNF axis parallels excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Respir Res 2019; 20:67. [PMID: 30952206 PMCID: PMC6449996 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), paralleled by intermittent collapse of the upper airway. EDS may be the symptom of OSAHS per se but may also be due to the alteration of central circadian regulation. Irisin is a putative myokine and has been shown to induce BDNF expression in several sites of the brain. BDNF is a key factor regulating photic entrainment and consequent circadian alignment and adaptation to the environment. Therefore, we hypothesized that EDS accompanying OSAHS is reflected by alteration of irisin/BDNF axis. METHODS Case history, routine laboratory parameters, serum irisin and BDNF levels, polysomnographic measures and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaire (ESS) were performed in a cohort of OSAHS patients (n = 69). Simple and then multiple linear regression was used to evaluate data. RESULTS We found that EDS reflected by the ESS is associated with higher serum irisin and BDNF levels; β: 1.53; CI: 0.35, 6.15; p = 0.012 and β: 0.014; CI: 0.0.005, 0.023; p = 0.02, respectively. Furthermore, influence of irisin and BDNF was significant even if the model accounted for their interaction (p = 0.006 for the terms serum irisin, serum BDNF and their interaction). Furthermore, a concentration-dependent effect of both serum irisin and BDNF was evidenced with respect to their influence on the ESS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the irisin-BDNF axis influences subjective daytime sleepiness in OSAS patients reflected by the ESS. These results further imply the possible disruption of the circadian regulation in OSAHS. Future interventional studies are needed to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba E More
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Harsanyi
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Angela Mikaczo
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gabor Tajti
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Kardos
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Kenezy Gyula Teaching County Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, Bartok Bela ut 2-26, Debrecen, 4031, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Lorincz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Csapo
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond krt. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Judit Zsuga
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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24
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Canales MT, Holzworth M, Bozorgmehri S, Ishani A, Weiner ID, Berry RB, Beyth RJ, Gumz M. Clock gene expression is altered in veterans with sleep apnea. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:77-82. [PMID: 30657733 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clock gene dysregulation has been shown to underlie various sleep disorders and may lead to negative cardio-metabolic outcomes. However, the association between sleep apnea (SA) and core clock gene expression is unclear. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 49 Veterans enrolled in a study of SA outcomes in veterans with chronic kidney disease, not selected for SA or sleep complaints. All participants underwent full polysomnography and next morning whole blood collection for clock gene expression. We defined SA as an apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 events/h; nocturnal hypoxemia(NH) was defined as ≥10% of total sleep time spent at <90% oxygen saturation. We used quantitative real-time PCR to compare the relative gene expression of clock genes between those with and without SA or NH. Clock genes studied were Bmal1, Ck1δ, Ck1ε, Clock, Cry1, Cry2, NPAS2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Rev-Erb-α, RORα, and Timeless. Our cohort was 90% male, mean age was 71 yr (SD 11), mean body mass index was 30 kg/m2 (SD 5); 41% had SA, and 27% had NH. Compared with those without SA, Per3 expression was reduced by 35% in SA ( P = 0.027). Compared with those without NH, NPAS2, Per1, and Rev-Erb-α expression was reduced in NH (50.4%, P = 0.027; 28.7%, P = 0.014; 31%, P = 0.040, respectively). There was no statistical difference in expression of the remaining clock genes by SA or NH status. Our findings suggest that SA or related NH and clock gene expression may be interrelated. Future study of 24 h clock gene expression in SA is needed to establish the role of clock gene regulation on the pathway between SA and cardio-metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna T Canales
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Meaghan Holzworth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shahab Bozorgmehri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Areef Ishani
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - I David Weiner
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Richard B Berry
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rebecca J Beyth
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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25
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Bigini EG, Chasens ER, Conley YP, Imes CC. DNA methylation changes and improved sleep quality in adults with obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000707. [PMID: 31798891 PMCID: PMC6861104 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among adults with diabetes. However, little is known about the impact of OSA treatment on DNA methylation levels. The purpose of this study is to explore changes in DNA methylation levels among adults with these conditions enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were randomized to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment or sham-CPAP placebo for 12 weeks. All participants received diabetes education and counseling. At baseline and 12 weeks, white blood cell DNA methylation levels for five candidate genes (ANGPTL4, DAPK3, KAT5, PER1, and TNFAIP3) and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) levels were obtained from blood. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) assessed sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, respectively. T-tests examined within-subject changes from baseline to 12 weeks. Regression analyses explored associations between DNA methylation changes and baseline variables, minutes of therapeutic CPAP use, and changes in A1C levels, PSQI scores, and ESS scores. RESULTS Participants (n=10) were 70% female, 80% white, and 61.7±7.9 years old. Among all participants from baseline and 12 weeks, TNFAIP3 and PER1 DNA methylation levels decreased. At baseline, PER1 methylation levels were significantly higher in males and sex-based difference in methylation level changes was observed from baseline to 12 weeks. Changes in DNA methylation levels were not associated with minutes of therapeutic CPAP use or changes in A1C, PSQI scores, and ESS scores. CONCLUSIONS While DNA methylation level changes were observed in the study, the causal mechanism is unclear and additional work is needed. Although the methylation changes were small, the long-term effects are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn G Bigini
- University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eileen R Chasens
- Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher C Imes
- Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Crnko S, Cour M, Van Laake LW, Lecour S. Vasculature on the clock: Circadian rhythm and vascular dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:1-7. [PMID: 29778521 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The master mammalian circadian clock (i.e. central clock), located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, orchestrates the synchronization of the daily behavioural and physiological rhythms to better adapt the organism to the external environment in an anticipatory manner. This central clock is entrained by a variety of signals, the best established being light and food. However, circadian cycles are not simply the consequences of these two cues but are generated by endogenous circadian clocks. Indeed, clock machinery is found in mainly all tissues and cell types, including cells of the vascular system such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and stem cells. This machinery physiologically contributes to modulate the daily vascular function, and its disturbance therefore plays a major role in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction. Therapies targeting the circadian rhythm may therefore be of benefit against vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Crnko
- Division Heart and Lungs and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Cour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular research in Africa and Lionel Opie Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular research in Africa and Lionel Opie Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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27
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME. An overview of the emerging interface between cardiac metabolism, redox biology and the circadian clock. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:75-84. [PMID: 29432800 PMCID: PMC6314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At various biological levels, mammals must integrate with 24-hr rhythms in their environment. Daily fluctuations in stimuli/stressors of cardiac metabolism and oxidation-reduction (redox) status have been reported over the course of the day. It is therefore not surprising that the heart exhibits dramatic oscillations in various cellular processes over the course of the day, including transcription, translation, ion homeostasis, metabolism, and redox signaling. This temporal partitioning of cardiac processes is governed by a complex interplay between intracellular (e.g., circadian clocks) and extracellular (e.g., neurohumoral factors) influences, thus ensuring appropriate responses to daily stimuli/stresses. The purpose of the current article is to review knowledge regarding control of metabolism and redox biology in the heart over the course of the day, and to highlight whether disruption of these daily rhythms contribute towards cardiac dysfunction observed in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Graziadio C, Hasenmajer V, Venneri MA, Gianfrilli D, Isidori AM, Sbardella E. Glycometabolic Alterations in Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: Does Replacement Therapy Play a Role? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 30123187 PMCID: PMC6085438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) is a potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder due to an impairment of corticotropin (ACTH) secretion from any process affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. ACTH deficit can be isolated or associated with other pituitary failures (hypopituitarism). An increased mortality due to cardiovascular, metabolic, and infectious diseases has been described in both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. However, few studies have provided compelling evidences on the underlying mechanism in SAI, because of the heterogeneity of the condition. Recently, some studies suggested that inappropriate glucocorticoid (GCs) replacement therapy, as for dose and/or timing of administration, may play a role. Hypertension, insulin resistance, weight gain, visceral obesity, increased body mass index, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia have all been associated with GC excess. These conditions are particularly significant when SAI coexists with other pituitary alterations, such as growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, and residual tumor. Novel regimen schemes and GC preparations have been introduced to improve compliance and better mimick endogenous cortisol rhythm. The controlled trials on the improved replacement therapies, albeit in the short-term, show some beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk, glucose metabolism, and quality of life. This review examines the current evidence from the available clinical trials investigating the association between different glucocorticoid replacement therapies (type, dose, frequency, and timing of treatment) and glycometabolic alterations in SAI.
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Durgan DJ, Crossland RF, Bryan RM. The rat cerebral vasculature exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations in circadian clock genes and vascular function that are attenuated following obstructive sleep apnea. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2806-2819. [PMID: 27798273 PMCID: PMC5536790 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16675879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock components oscillate in cells of the cardiovascular system. Disruption of these oscillations has been observed in cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that obstructive sleep apnea, which is associated with cerebrovascular diseases, disrupts the cerebrovascular circadian clock and rhythms in vascular function. Apneas were produced in rats during sleep. Following two weeks of sham or obstructive sleep apnea, cerebral arteries were isolated over 24 h for mRNA and functional analysis. mRNA expression of clock genes exhibited 24-h rhythms in cerebral arteries of sham rats (p < 0.05). Interestingly, peak expression of clock genes was significantly lower following obstructive sleep apnea (p < 0.05). Obstructive sleep apnea did not alter clock genes in the heart, or rhythms in locomotor activity. Isolated posterior cerebral arteries from sham rats exhibited a diurnal rhythm in sensitivity to luminally applied ATP, being most responsive at the beginning of the active phase (p < 0.05). This rhythm was absent in arteries from obstructive sleep apnea rats (p < 0.05). Rhythms in ATP sensitivity in sham vessels were absent, and not different from obstructive sleep apnea, following treatment with L-NAME and indomethacin. We conclude that cerebral arteries possess a functional circadian clock and exhibit a diurnal rhythm in vasoreactivity to ATP. Obstructive sleep apnea attenuates these rhythms in cerebral arteries, potentially contributing to obstructive sleep apnea-associated cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Durgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Randy F Crossland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Robert M Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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Circadian rhythms in blood pressure, heart rate, hormones, and on polysomnographic parameters in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients: effect of continuous positive airway pressure. Blood Press Monit 2017; 21:136-43. [PMID: 26683380 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seventeen male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS; apnea-hypopnea index>30/h) were monitored by polysomnography in the sleep lab before and after about 8 weeks of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Twelve of the patients were hypertensive, but treated by antihypertensive drugs. The circadian rhythms in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were determined by ambulatory BP monitoring and motor activity was monitored by a motion logger. As the sympathetic tone is reported to be increased in sleep apnea, the circadian rhythm in plasma norepinephrine was studied in parallel and as a marker rhythm of the biological clock plasma melatonin was determined around the clock by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Level and rhythm in BP and heart rate were not significantly affected by CPAP in this group of patients, but the number of dippers increased after CPAP intervention. The high 24 h plasma values of norepinephrine were lowered by CPAP therapy. In contrast, melatonin values were disturbed in OSAS patients with a loss in nocturnal increase; this pattern was not corrected by CPAP. Sleep functions (deep sleep, slow wave sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, arousal index, apnea-hypopnea index, desaturation index) were disturbed in OSAS patients as monitored by polysomnography and were significantly improved by CPAP therapy. CONCLUSION The study indicates that BP-controlled hypertensive patients with OSAS can additionally benefit from CPAP therapy by increasing the number of dippers. This treatment significantly improved sleep functions and OSAS symptoms. In addition, arousal movements at night were also reduced and the high sympathetic tone during early morning hours was also decreased. However, there is still an indication of a disturbed function of the biological clock as the loss in the rhythm in plasma melatonin was not corrected by CPAP.
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Bennardo M, Alibhai F, Tsimakouridze E, Chinnappareddy N, Podobed P, Reitz C, Pyle WG, Simpson J, Martino TA. Day-night dependence of gene expression and inflammatory responses in the remodeling murine heart post-myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1243-R1254. [PMID: 27733386 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal or circadian rhythms are fundamentally important for healthy cardiovascular physiology and play a role in timing of onset and tolerance to myocardial infarction (MI) in patients. Whether time of day of MI triggers different molecular and cellular responses that can influence myocardial remodeling is not known. This study was designed to test whether time of day of MI triggers different gene expression, humoral, and innate inflammatory responses that contribute to cardiac repair after MI. Mice were infarcted by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI model) within a 2-h time window either shortly after lights on or lights off, and the early remodeling responses at 8 h postinfarction were examined. We found that sleep-MI preferentially triggers early expression of genes associated with inflammatory responses, whereas wake-MI triggers more genes associated with metabolic pathways and transcription/translation, by microarray analyses. Homozygous clock mutant mice exhibit altered diurnal gene expression profiles, consistent with their cycling before onset of MI. In the first 8 h, crucial for innate immune responses to MI, there are also significant differences in sleep-MI and wake-MI serum cytokine responses and in neutrophil infiltration to infarcted myocardium. By 1-wk post-MI, there are differences in survivorship between the sleep and wake MI mice that could be explained by the different molecular and cellular responses. Our whole body physiology, tissues, and cells exhibit endogenous daily rhythms, and understanding their role in triggering effective responses after MI could lead to new strategies to benefit patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bennardo
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Faisal Alibhai
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Elena Tsimakouridze
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Peter Podobed
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Cristine Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jeremy Simpson
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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Wu W, Li Z, Tang T, Wu J, Liu F, Gu L. 5-HTR2A and IL-6 polymorphisms and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Biomed Rep 2015; 4:203-208. [PMID: 26893839 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, variants of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HTR2A) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes may be susceptible markers to develop for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the potential associations between the 5-HTR2A and IL-6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and OSAHS. In total there were 130 cases and 136 controls collected for genotyping of 5-HTR2A (rs6311) and IL-6 (rs1800796) SNPs. The association of these SNPs with OSAHS risk were evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses with adjustment for gender and age. The results indicated that the genotype and allele frequencies in these two loci (rs6311 and rs1800796) were not significantly different between the cases and controls. However, carrying the 'C' allele of rs6311 has a protective effect against OSAHS via the gender-specific comparison (P=0.0409; OR, 1.744; 95% CI, 1.021-2.978). The 'G' allele and 'CG' genotype distribution of rs1800796, and 'C' allele and 'CT' genotype distribution of rs6311 have significant differences between the mild and moderate group (P<0.05). Similarly, the genotype distribution of rs6311 has differences between mild and severe cases (P=0.0026). The current research demonstrated that variants of rs6311 have an association with OSAHS in males. Additionally, polymorphisms of rs6311 and rs1800796 have relevance to the severity of OSAHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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Is there an effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in patients with craniofacial anomalies? J Craniofac Surg 2015; 24:1908-13. [PMID: 24220372 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182a41c05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) exhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in patients who have a congenital, craniofacial anomaly.This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study included ambulant sleep study data to asses OSAS in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and Treacher Collins syndrome. Laboratory analyses were performed including malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.Forty-eight patients were included; 11 were adults; 37 were children. The patients' body mass indexes were normal, with a median (SD) of 0.7 (-1.82 to 2.48) in children and 20.5 (15.2-29.4) in adults. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was diagnosed in 23 of 48 patients. It was mild (median obstructive apnea-hypopnea index [oAHI], 2.3; oxygenation-desaturation index [ODI], 0.9) in 16 patients and moderate/severe in 7 patients (median oAHI, 10.8; ODI, 5.0). Neither oxidative stress nor inflammation had a correlation with the oAHI and ODI. Only TNF-α was found significantly higher in both the OSAS and non-OSAS groups compared with the reference values (median, 15.1 pg/mL and 12.3 pg/mL versus 4.05 [0.0-8.1 pg/mL], P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).Based on our findings we conclude that (mainly mild) OSAS, oxidative stress, as well as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 levels are not abnormal in the day time in a population of nonobese patients with a craniofacial anomaly. The increased level of TNF-α cannot be explained by OSAS. Future research should focus on mapping chronobiologic changes for further interpretation of the results.
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Alibhai FJ, Tsimakouridze EV, Reitz CJ, Pyle WG, Martino TA. Consequences of Circadian and Sleep Disturbances for the Cardiovascular System. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:860-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Bouloukaki I, Mermigkis C, Kallergis EM, Moniaki V, Mauroudi E, Schiza SE. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cardiovascular disease: The influence of C-reactive protein. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:77-83. [PMID: 25992322 PMCID: PMC4436942 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common medical condition, associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of this association have not been completely understood and may be multifactorial in origin. A number of studies suggest that inflammatory processes have emerged critical in the pathogenesis of CVD in OSAS. A range of circulating inflammatory molecules has been identified and measured, with a view to assess inflammation and predict vascular damage risk, such as plasma cytokines, adhesion molecules, and C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a relevant marker worthy of further study, because not only is elevated in patients with OSAS, but also is rapidly becoming a risk factor for cardiac disease. Furthermore, in selected OSAS patients, aggressive treatment of the disorder may lead to retarding or even improvement of CVD progression. However, still there is a debate on the true correlation between CRP and OSAS, as well as the clinical effect of any reduction after OSAS treatment. Further research is required to define those OSAS patients who will have a considerable reduction with treatment, as well as to understand the significance of the interaction between cardiovascular risk factor and CRP reduction in patients with OSAS.
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Martino TA, Young ME. Influence of the Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock on Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology. J Biol Rhythms 2015; 30:183-205. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730415575246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac function and dysfunction exhibit striking time-of-day-dependent oscillations. Disturbances in both daily rhythms and sleep are associated with increased risk of heart disease, adverse cardiovascular events, and worsening outcomes. For example, the importance of maintaining normal daily rhythms is highlighted by epidemiologic observations that night shift workers present with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Rhythmicity in cardiac processes is mediated by a complex interaction between extracardiac (e.g., behaviors and associated neural and humoral fluctuations) and intracardiac influences. Over the course of the day, the intrinsic properties of the myocardium vary at the levels of gene and protein expression, metabolism, responsiveness to extracellular stimuli/stresses, and ion homeostasis, all of which affect contractility (e.g., heart rate and force generation). Over the past decade, the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte has emerged as an essential mechanism responsible for modulating the intrinsic properties of the heart. Moreover, the critical role of this mechanism is underscored by reports that disruption, through genetic manipulation, results in development of cardiac disease and premature mortality in mice. These findings, in combination with reports that numerous cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diet, diabetes, aging) distinctly affect the clock in the heart, have led to the hypothesis that aberrant regulation of this mechanism contributes to the etiology of cardiac dysfunction and disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on current knowledge regarding known roles of the heart clock and discuss the potential for using these insights for the future development of innovative strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami A. Martino
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Yamaoka M, Maeda N, Takayama Y, Sekimoto R, Tsushima Y, Matsuda K, Mori T, Inoue K, Nishizawa H, Tominaga M, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Adipose hypothermia in obesity and its association with period homolog 1, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in fat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112813. [PMID: 25397888 PMCID: PMC4232416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat adiposity plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome. We reported previously the impact of human visceral fat adiposity on gene expression profile of peripheral blood cells. Genes related to circadian rhythm were highly associated with visceral fat area and period homolog 1 (PER1) showed the most significant negative correlation with visceral fat area. However, regulation of adipose Per1 remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to understand the regulation of Per1 in adipose tissues. Adipose Per1 mRNA levels of ob/ob mice were markedly low at 25 and 35 weeks of age. The levels of other core clock genes of white adipose tissues were also low in ob/ob mice at 25 and 35 weeks of age. Per1 mRNA was mainly expressed in the mature adipocyte fraction (MAF) and it was significantly low in MAF of ob/ob mice. To examine the possible mechanisms, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with H2O2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), S100A8, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, no significant changes in Per1 mRNA level were observed by these agents. Exposure of cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes to low temperature (33°C) decreased Per1 and catalase, and increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) mRNA levels. Hypothermia also worsened insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Finally, telemetric analysis showed low temperature of adipose tissues in ob/ob mice. In obesity, adipose hypothermia seems to accelerate adipocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekimoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Tsushima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Inoue
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Patacchioli FR, Tabarrini A, Ghiciuc CM, Dima-Cozma LC, Prete A, Bianchini C, Nicoletti F, Gozal D, Villa MP. Salivary biomarkers of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:1145-52. [PMID: 24474530 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present pilot study was performed to evaluate the HPA axis and ANS activity by measuring salivary cortisol and α-amylase diurnal trajectory and production, respectively, in mild or moderate-to-severe (MS) OSA-affected, but otherwise healthy, children. Moreover, a correlative analysis was performed between the salivary biomarker concentrations and the PSG variables characterizing the OSA severity. METHODS We studied 27 consecutive OSA patients (13 mild OSA; 14 MS OSA) and seven healthy children who were enrolled as controls by collecting salivary samples and measuring cortisol and α-amylase levels using enzyme-linked bioassays. RESULTS Compared with controls, both mild and MS OSA children showed: (1) increased salivary cortisol diurnal production, (2) maintenance of the physiological circadian activity of the HPA axis, and (3) no changes in α-amylase diurnal trajectory and production. In addition, morning salivary cortisol concentrations was negatively associated with the disease severity in the MS OSA group. CONCLUSIONS OSA is associated with dysregulation of the HPA axis activity in children, the latter potentially underlying some of the adverse consequences of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Patacchioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Loke W, Girvan T, Ingmundson P, Verrett R, Schoolfield J, Mealey BL. Investigating the association between obstructive sleep apnea and periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 86:232-43. [PMID: 25299385 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by disruptions of normal sleep architecture. Chronic periodontitis is a chronic disease of the periodontium that elicits a general inflammatory response to local dental plaque. It has been suggested that periodontal disease may increase in severity with increasingly severe OSA because both disease entities share common inflammatory pathways, acting synergistically to alter the host response. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between severity of OSA and the prevalence/severity of periodontitis. METHODS One hundred patients from a large veterans administration sleep study center (n = 26 normal, n = 21 mild, n = 19 moderate, n = 34 severe) diagnosed with an overnight polysomnogram underwent a comprehensive periodontal examination. Periodontal parameters measured included the following: 1) mean periodontal probing depth (PD); 2) clinical attachment level (CAL); 3) gingival recession; and 4) percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, plaque, PD ≥5 mm, and CAL ≥3 mm. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of the sampled population had moderate/severe periodontal disease. χ(2) analyses revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of periodontal disease between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) groups, with a negligible Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.246 between AHI severity and periodontal disease severity categories. Analysis of covariance indicated a significant association between AHI severity categories and percentage of sites with plaque, after adjusting for age. Multivariable logistic regression analysis predicting moderate/severe periodontitis with AHI score, age, and smoking status indicated a significant association with age (P = 0.028) but no significant association with the other two predictors. CONCLUSION OSA was not significantly associated with the prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis and the periodontal parameters examined, except percentage plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Loke
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Dental School, San Antonio, TX
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ZHU LITING, YU JUN, ZHANG WENYI, XIE BIN, ZHU YI. Research progress on the central mechanism underlying regulation of visceral biological rhythm by per2 (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2241-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wilczynska M, Rice S, Davies G, Lewis KE. Endothelial injury markers before and after nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2013; 18:599-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-013-0923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Aggarwal R, Baweja R, Saunders EFH, Singareddy R. CPAP-induced mania in bipolar disorder: a case report. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:803-7. [PMID: 23980584 PMCID: PMC4208920 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this case report we present our clinical observations of two patients with bipolar disorder with comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for their sleep apnea. BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of one or more episodes of mania and frequent episodes of depression. This disorder affects approximately 0.8% of the adult population, with estimates from community samples ranging between 0.4% and 1.6%. OSA syndrome is a severe sleep disorder with a prevalence of 2-4% in the general population, the risk of which is increased by obesity. The prevalence of OSA is expected to be high in bipolar disorder due to high comorbid obesity. It is expected that improvement in OSA in patients with bipolar disorder with CPAP will improve mood and other symptoms of bipolar disorder. However, there is a relative lack of data examining this aspect. RESULTS In both cases of bipolar disorder, CPAP was started after a polysomnographic diagnosis of OSA and CPAP titration study indicating that most of the apneas/hypopneas were eliminated with a significant improvement in oxygen saturation. To our surprise, we noted that in both of these cases initiation of CPAP resulted in manic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians need to monitor patients with bipolar disorder closely for worsening of manic symptoms when they are started on CPAP for underlying OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry; Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey PA USA
| | - Raman Baweja
- Department of Psychiatry; Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey PA USA
| | - Erika FH Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry; Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey PA USA
| | - Ravi Singareddy
- Department of Psychiatry; Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey PA USA
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Gamble KL, Young ME. Metabolism as an integral cog in the mammalian circadian clockwork. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:317-31. [PMID: 23594144 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.786672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are an integral part of life. These rhythms are apparent in virtually all biological processes studies to date, ranging from the individual cell (e.g. DNA synthesis) to the whole organism (e.g. behaviors such as physical activity). Oscillations in metabolism have been characterized extensively in various organisms, including mammals. These metabolic rhythms often parallel behaviors such as sleep/wake and fasting/feeding cycles that occur on a daily basis. What has become increasingly clear over the past several decades is that many metabolic oscillations are driven by cell-autonomous circadian clocks, which orchestrate metabolic processes in a temporally appropriate manner. During the process of identifying the mechanisms by which clocks influence metabolism, molecular-based studies have revealed that metabolism should be considered an integral circadian clock component. The implications of such an interrelationship include the establishment of a vicious cycle during cardiometabolic disease states, wherein metabolism-induced perturbations in the circadian clock exacerbate metabolic dysfunction. The purpose of this review is therefore to highlight recent insights gained regarding links between cell-autonomous circadian clocks and metabolism and the implications of clock dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Gamble
- Division of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Hadden H, Soldin SJ, Massaro D. Circadian disruption alters mouse lung clock gene expression and lung mechanics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:385-92. [PMID: 22678966 PMCID: PMC3426166 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00244.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most aspects of human physiology and behavior exhibit 24-h rhythms driven by a master circadian clock in the brain, which synchronizes peripheral clocks. Lung function and ventilation are subject to circadian regulation and exhibit circadian oscillations. Sleep disruption, which causes circadian disruption, is common in those with chronic lung disease, and in the general population; however, little is known about the effect on the lung of circadian disruption. We tested the hypothesis circadian disruption alters expression of clock genes in the lung and that this is associated with altered lung mechanics. Female and male mice were maintained on a 12:12-h light/dark cycle (control) or exposed for 4 wk to a shifting light regimen mimicking chronic jet lag (CJL). Airway resistance (Rn), tissue damping (G), and tissue elastance (H) did not differ between control and CJL females. Rn at positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 2 and 3 cmH(2)O was lower in CJL males compared with controls. G, H, and G/H did not differ between CJL and control males. Among CJL females, expression of clock genes, Bmal1 and Rev-erb alpha, was decreased; expression of their repressors, Per2 and Cry 2, was increased. Among CJL males, expression of Clock was decreased; Per 2 and Rev-erb alpha expression was increased. We conclude circadian disruption alters lung mechanics and clock gene expression and does so in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hadden
- Lung Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Durgan DJ, Tsai JY, Grenett MH, Pat BM, Ratcliffe WF, Villegas-Montoya C, Garvey ME, Nagendran J, Dyck JRB, Bray MS, Gamble KL, Gimble JM, Young ME. Evidence suggesting that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock modulates responsiveness of the heart to hypertrophic stimuli in mice. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:187-203. [PMID: 21452915 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2010.550406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian dyssynchrony of an organism (at the whole-body level) with its environment, either through light-dark (LD) cycle or genetic manipulation of clock genes, augments various cardiometabolic diseases. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock has recently been shown to influence multiple myocardial processes, ranging from transcriptional regulation and energy metabolism to contractile function. The authors, therefore, reasoned that chronic dyssychrony of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock with its environment would precipitate myocardial maladaptation to a circadian challenge (simulated shiftwork; SSW). To test this hypothesis, 2- and 20-month-old wild-type and CCM (Cardiomyocyte Clock Mutant; a model with genetic temporal suspension of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock at the active-to-sleep phase transition) mice were subjected to chronic (16-wks) biweekly 12-h phase shifts in the LD cycle (i.e., SSW). Assessment of adaptation/maladaptation at whole-body homeostatic, gravimetric, humoral, histological, transcriptional, and cardiac contractile function levels revealed essentially identical responses between wild-type and CCM littermates. However, CCM hearts exhibited increased biventricular weight, cardiomyocyte size, and molecular markers of hypertrophy (anf, mcip1), independent of aging and/or SSW. Similarly, a second genetic model of selective temporal suspension of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock (Cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 Knockout [CBK] mice) exhibits increased biventricular weight and mcip1 expression. Wild-type mice exhibit 5-fold greater cardiac hypertrophic growth (and 6-fold greater anf mRNA induction) when challenged with the hypertrophic agonist isoproterenol at the active-to-sleep phase transition, relative to isoproterenol administration at the sleep-to-active phase transition. This diurnal variation was absent in CCM mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock likely influences responsiveness of the heart to hypertrophic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Durgan
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
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Burioka N, Fukuoka Y, Koyanagi S, Miyata M, Takata M, Chikumi H, Takane H, Watanabe M, Endo M, Sako T, Suyama H, Ohdo S, Shimizu E. Asthma: Chronopharmacotherapy and the molecular clock. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:946-55. [PMID: 20359514 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic airways inflammation and reversible airflow limitation. In patients with asthma, symptoms generally worsen during the early hours of the morning, and pulmonary function often deteriorates at the same time, suggesting a role for chronopharmacotherapy. Several drugs for asthma have been developed based on chronopharmacology. Most medications employed for the chronotherapy of asthma are administered once at night with the goal of preventing chronic airway inflammation or development of airflow limitation. In addition to bronchodilators, the inhaled glucocorticosteroid ciclesonide is now available with once-daily dosing, which also improves patients' compliance. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the usefulness of chronotherapy for asthma, especially for patients with nocturnal asthma. This review focuses on chronotherapy of asthma, and also provides a molecular biological explanation for the influence of asthma medications on the clock genes.
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Calati R, Gaspar-Barba E, Yukler A, Serretti A. T3111C CLOCK SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM AND MOOD DISORDERS: A META-ANALYSIS. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:706-21. [DOI: 10.3109/07420521003681480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
The incidence of the metabolic syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders that continue to increase across the industrialized world. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to metabolic syndrome and recent evidence has emerged to suggest that alterations in circadian systems and sleep participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight studies at the intersection of clinical medicine and experimental genetics that pinpoint how perturbations of the internal clock system, and sleep, constitute risk factors for disorders including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and even inflammation. An exciting aspect of the field has been the integration of behavioral and physiological approaches, and the emerging insight into both neural and peripheral tissues in disease pathogenesis. Consideration of the cell and molecular links between disorders of circadian rhythms and sleep with metabolic syndrome has begun to open new opportunities for mechanism-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Maury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Ando H, Ushijima K, Kumazaki M, Takamura T, Yokota N, Saito T, Irie S, Kaneko S, Fujimura A. Influence of age on clock gene expression in peripheral blood cells of healthy women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:9-13. [PMID: 19861640 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between circadian clock function and the development of obesity and various age-related diseases. In this study, we investigated whether messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of clock genes are associated with age, body mass index, blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, or shift work. Peripheral blood cells were obtained from 70 healthy women, including 25 shift workers, at approximately 9:00 AM. Transcript levels of clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, and PER3) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that BMAL1 mRNA levels were correlated only with age (beta = -.50, p < .001). In contrast, PER3 levels were correlated with fasting plasma glucose (beta = -.29, p < .05) and shift work (beta = .31, p < .05). These results suggest that increased age, glucose intolerance, and irregular hours independently affect the intracellular clock in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Abstract
The molecular basis for biological rhythms is formed by clock genes. Clock genes are functional in the liver, within gastrointestinal epithelial cells and neurons of the enteric nervous system. These observations suggest a possible role for clock genes in various circadian functions of the liver and the gastrointestinal tract through the modulation of organ specific clock-controlled genes. Consequently, disruptions in circadian rhythmicity may lead to adverse health consequences. This review will focus on the current understanding of the role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal- and hepatic disease such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic fatty liver disease and alterations in colonic motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijntje A Hoogerwerf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, University of Michigan, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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