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Yeo E, Shim J, Oh SJ, Choi Y, Noh H, Kim H, Park JH, Lee KT, Kim SH, Lee D, Lee JH. Revisiting roles of mast cells and neural cells in keloid: exploring their connection to disease activity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339336. [PMID: 38524141 PMCID: PMC10957560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells (MCs) and neural cells (NCs) are important in a keloid microenvironment. They might contribute to fibrosis and pain sensation within the keloid. However, their involvement in pathological excessive scarring has not been adequately explored. Objectives To elucidate roles of MCs and NCs in keloid pathogenesis and their correlation with disease activity. Methods Keloid samples from chest and back regions were analyzed. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was conducted for six active keloids (AK) samples, four inactive keloids (IK) samples, and three mature scar (MS) samples from patients with keloids. Results The scRNA-seq analysis demonstrated notable enrichment of MCs, lymphocytes, and macrophages in AKs, which exhibited continuous growth at the excision site when compared to IK and MS samples (P = 0.042). Expression levels of marker genes associated with activated and degranulated MCs, including FCER1G, BTK, and GATA2, were specifically elevated in keloid lesions. Notably, MCs within AK lesions exhibited elevated expression of genes such as NTRK1, S1PR1, and S1PR2 associated with neuropeptide receptors. Neural progenitor cell and non-myelinating Schwann cell (nmSC) genes were highly expressed in keloids, whereas myelinating Schwann cell (mSC) genes were specific to MS samples. Conclusions scRNA-seq analyses of AK, IK, and MS samples unveiled substantial microenvironmental heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity might be linked to disease activity. These findings suggest the potential contribution of MCs and NCs to keloid pathogenesis. Histopathological and molecular features observed in AK and IK samples provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying pain and pruritus in keloid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Yeo
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Shim
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungHwan Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungrye Noh
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Tae Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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He Y, Yao T, Zhang Y, Long L, Jiang G, Zhang X, Lv X, Han Y, Cheng X, Li M, Jiang M, Peng Z, Tao L, Meng J. Pyroptosis-related signatures predict immune characteristics and prognosis in IPF. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23683. [PMID: 38192798 PMCID: PMC10772192 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to use integrated bioinformatics analysis to screen for pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) and possible immunological phenotypes linked to the development and course of IPF. Transcriptome sequencing datasets GSE70866, GSE47460 and GSE150910 were obtained from GEO database. From the GSE70866 database, 34 PRGs with differential expression were found in IPF as compared to healthy controls. In addition, a diagnostic model containing 4 genes PRGs (CAMP, MKI67, TCEA3 and USP24) was constructed based on LASSO logistic regression. The diagnostic model showed good predictive ability to differentiate between IPF and healthy, with ROC-AUC ranging from 0.910 to 0.997 in GSE70866 and GSE150910 datasets. Moreover, based on a combined cohort of the Freiburg and the Siena cohorts from GSE70866 dataset, we identified ten PRGs that might predict prognosis for IPF. We constructed a prognostic model that included eight PRGs (CLEC5A, TREM2, MMP1, IRF2, SEZ6L2, ADORA3, NOS2, USP24) by LASSO Cox regression and validated it in the Leuven cohort. The risk model divided IPF patients from the combined cohort into high-risk and low-risk subgroups. There were significant differences between the two subgroups in terms of IPF survival and GAP stage. There is a close correlation between leukocyte migration, plasma membrane junction, and poor prognosis in a high-risk subgroup. Furthermore, a high-risk score was associated with more plasma cells, activated NK cells, monocytes, and activated mast cells. Additionally, we identified HDAC inhibitors in the cMAP database that might be therapeutic for IPF. To summarize, pyroptosis and its underlying immunological features are to blame for the onset and progression of IPF. PRG-based predictive models and drugs may offer new treatment options for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Yao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Lingzhi Long
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Changsha, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
- National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Changsha, China
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3
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Xu Y, Lan P, Wang T. The Role of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1984. [PMID: 38004032 PMCID: PMC10672798 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease of unknown etiology with limited treatment options. The role of the immune system in IPF has received increasing attention. Uncontrolled immune responses drive the onset and progression of IPF. This article provides an overview of the role of innate immune cells (including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, nature killer cells, nature kill cells and γδ T cells) and adaptive immune cells (including Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th9 cells, Th17 cells, Th22 cells, cytotoxic T cells, B lymphocytes and Treg cells) in IPF. In addition, we review the current status of pharmacological treatments for IPF and new developments in immunotherapy. A deeper comprehension of the immune system's function in IPF may contribute to the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies that can alter the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- The Center for Biomedical Research, National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- The Center for Biomedical Research, National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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4
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Berlin F, Mogren S, Ly C, Ramu S, Hvidtfeldt M, Uller L, Porsbjerg C, Andersson CK. Mast Cell Tryptase Promotes Airway Remodeling by Inducing Anti-Apoptotic and Cell Growth Properties in Human Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1439. [PMID: 37408273 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial and alveolar remodeling and impaired epithelial function are characteristics of chronic respiratory diseases. In these patients, an increased number of mast cells (MCs) positive for serine proteases, tryptase and chymase, infiltrate the epithelium and alveolar parenchyma. However, little is known regarding the implication of intraepithelial MCs on the local environment, such as epithelial cell function and properties. In this study, we investigated whether MC tryptase is involved in bronchial and alveolar remodeling and the mechanisms of regulation during inflammation. Using novel holographic live cell imaging, we found that MC tryptase enhanced human bronchial and alveolar epithelial cell growth and shortened the cell division intervals. The elevated cell growth induced by tryptase remained in a pro-inflammatory state. Tryptase also increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC3, as well as growth factor release in epithelial cells. Thus, our data imply that the intraepithelial and alveolar MC release of tryptase may play a critical role in disturbing bronchial epithelial and alveolar homeostasis by altering cell growth-death regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Berlin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Mogren
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla Ly
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sangeetha Ramu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Morten Hvidtfeldt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Uller
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia K Andersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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5
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St John AL, Rathore APS, Ginhoux F. New perspectives on the origins and heterogeneity of mast cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:55-68. [PMID: 35610312 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the haematopoietic lineage that are now thought to have multifaceted functions during homeostasis and in various disease states. Furthermore, while mast cells have been known for a long time to contribute to allergic disease in adults, recent studies, mainly in mice, have highlighted their early origins during fetal development and potential for immune functions, including allergic responses, in early life. Our understanding of the imprinting of mast cells by particular tissues of residence and their potential for regulatory interactions with organ systems such as the peripheral immune, nervous and vascular systems is also rapidly evolving. Here, we discuss the origins of mast cells and their diverse and plastic phenotypes that are influenced by tissue residence. We explore how divergent phenotypes and functions might result from both their hard-wired 'nature' defined by their ontogeny and the 'nurture' they receive within specialized tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Chen Y, Song M, Li Z, Hou L, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Hu H, Jiang X, Yang J, Zou X, Pang J, Zhang T, Yang P, Wang J, Wang C. FcεRI deficiency alleviates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114043. [PMID: 36087468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is one of the most important occupational diseases worldwide, caused by inhalation of silica particles or free crystalline silicon dioxide. As a disease with high mortality, it has no effective treatment and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Recent studies have identified FCER1A, encoding α-subunit of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor FcεRI, as a candidate gene involved in the biological pathways leading to respiratory symptoms. FcεRI is known to be important in allergic asthma, but its role in silicosis remains unclear. In this study, serum IgE concentrations and FcεRI expression were assessed in pneumoconiosis patients and silica-exposed mice. The role of FcεRI was explored in a silica-induced mouse model using wild-type and FcεRI-deficient mice. The results showed that serum IgE concentrations were significantly elevated in both pneumoconiosis patients and mice exposed to silica compared with controls. The mRNA and protein expression of FcεRI were also significantly increased in the lung tissue of patients and silica-exposed mice. FcεRI deficiency significantly attenuated the changes in lung function caused by silica exposure. Silica-induced elevations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly attenuated in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of FcεRI-deficient mice compared with wild-type controls. Additionally, FcεRI-deficient mice showed a significantly lower score of pulmonary fibrosis than wild-type mice following exposure to silica, with significantly lower hydroxyproline content and expression of fibrotic genes Col1a1 and Fn1. Immunofluorescent staining suggested FcεRI mainly on mast cells. Mast cell degranulation took place after silica exposure, as shown by increased serum histamine levels and β-hexosaminidase activity, which were significantly reduced in FcεRI-deficient mice compared with wild-type controls. Together, these data showed that FcεRI deficiency had a significant protective effect against silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Our findings provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and a potential target for the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meiyue Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhaoguo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xuehan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Junling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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7
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Kletukhina S, Mutallapova G, Titova A, Gomzikova M. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911212. [PMID: 36232511 PMCID: PMC9569825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial fibrotic disease that leads to disability and death within 5 years of diagnosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease with a multifactorial etiology. The concept of aberrant regeneration of the pulmonary epithelium reveals the pathogenesis of IPF, according to which repeated damage and death of alveolar epithelial cells is the main mechanism leading to the development of progressive IPF. Cell death provokes the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, which overproduce extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrotic deformity of the lung tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapies for pulmonary fibrosis. MSCs, and EVs derived from MSCs, modulate the activity of immune cells, inhibit the expression of profibrotic genes, reduce collagen deposition and promote the repair of damaged lung tissue. This review considers the molecular mechanisms of the development of IPF and the multifaceted role of MSCs in the therapy of IPF. Currently, EVs-MSCs are regarded as a promising cell-free therapy tool, so in this review we discuss the results available to date of the use of EVs-MSCs for lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevindzh Kletukhina
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Mutallapova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Angelina Titova
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Gomzikova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-917-8572269
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Mogren S, Berlin F, Eskilsson L, Van Der Burg N, Tufvesson E, Andersson CK. Mast Cell Proteases Promote Diverse Effects on the Plasminogen Activation System and Wound Healing in A549 Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182916. [PMID: 36139491 PMCID: PMC9496743 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage, epithelial alterations, and intraepithelial presence of mast cells (MCs) are characteristics of asthma pathogenesis. Increased alveolar infiltration of MC populations has also been identified as a feature of asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases. The asthma associated receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), has been shown to regulate bronchial epithelial repair responses. However, the impact of MC tryptase and chymase on functional properties and expression of uPAR in alveolar epithelial cells have not been fully investigated. Alveolar epithelial cell migration and wound healing were investigated using holographic live cell imaging of A549 cells in a wound scratch model post stimulation with tryptase or chymase. The expression of uPAR was investigated on the protein and gene level from cellular supernatants and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fractions from allergic asthmatics. We found that tryptase improved wound healing capacity, cellular migration and membrane bound uPAR expression. Chymase reduced gap closure capacity, cellular migration and membrane bound uPAR expression but increased soluble uPAR release. Our data suggest a dual regulatory response from the MC proteases in events related to uPAR expression and wound healing which could be important features in asthmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mogren
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Berlin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lykke Eskilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia K. Andersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-462227746
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Siddhuraj P, Jönsson J, Alyamani M, Prabhala P, Magnusson M, Lindstedt S, Erjefält JS. Dynamically upregulated mast cell CPA3 patterns in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924244. [PMID: 35983043 PMCID: PMC9378779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe mast cell-specific metalloprotease CPA3 has been given important roles in lung tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. However, the dynamics and spatial distribution of mast cell CPA3 expression in lung diseases remain unknown.MethodsUsing a histology-based approach for quantitative spatial decoding of mRNA and protein single cell, this study investigates the dynamics of CPA3 expression across mast cells residing in lungs from control subjects and patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic lung fibrosis (IPF).ResultsMast cells in COPD lungs had an anatomically widespread increase of CPA3 mRNA (bronchioles p < 0.001, pulmonary vessels p < 0.01, and alveolar parenchyma p < 0.01) compared to controls, while granule-stored CPA3 protein was unaltered. IPF lungs had a significant upregulation of both mast cell density, CPA3 mRNA (p < 0.001) and protein (p < 0.05), in the fibrotic alveolar tissue. Spatial expression maps revealed altered mast cell mRNA/protein quotients in lung areas subjected to disease-relevant histopathological alterations. Elevated CPA3 mRNA also correlated to lung tissue eosinophils, CD3 T cells, and declined lung function. Single-cell RNA sequencing of bronchial mast cells confirmed CPA3 as a top expressed gene with potential links to both inflammatory and protective markers.ConclusionThis study shows that lung tissue mast cell populations in COPD and IPF lungs have spatially complex and markedly upregulated CPA3 expression profiles that correlate with immunopathological alterations and lung function. Given the proposed roles of CPA3 in tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and inflammation, these alterations are likely to have clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Siddhuraj
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Manar Alyamani
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pavan Prabhala
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lund University Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas S. Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Jonas S. Erjefält,
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10
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Song J, Hu L, Liu B, Jiang N, Huang H, Luo J, Wang L, Zeng J, Huang F, Huang M, Cai L, Tang L, Chen S, Chen Y, Wu A, Zheng S, Chen Q. The Emerging Role of Immune Cells and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Wounds Healing. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4119-4138. [PMID: 35898820 PMCID: PMC9309318 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s371939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor wound healing in individuals with diabetes has long plagued clinicians, and immune cells play key roles in the inflammation, proliferation and remodeling that occur in wound healing. When skin integrity is damaged, immune cells migrate to the wound bed through the actions of chemokines and jointly restore tissue homeostasis and barrier function by exerting their respective biological functions. An imbalance of immune cells often leads to ineffective and disordered inflammatory responses. Due to the maladjusted microenvironment, the wound is unable to smoothly transition to the proliferation and remodeling stage, causing it to develop into a chronic refractory wound. However, chronic refractory wounds consistently lead to negative outcomes, such as long treatment cycles, high hospitalization rates, high medical costs, high disability rates, high mortality rates, and many adverse consequences. Therefore, strategies that promote the rational distribution and coordinated development of immune cells during wound healing are very important for the treatment of diabetic wounds (DW). Here, we explored the following aspects by performing a literature review: 1) the current situation of DW and an introduction to the biological functions of immune cells; 2) the role of immune cells in DW; and 3) existing (or undeveloped) therapies targeting immune cells to promote wound healing to provide new ideas for basic research, clinical treatment and nursing of DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houqiang Huang
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - JieSi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyao Cai
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Tang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunli Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silin Zheng
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Karamalakova Y, Stefanov I, Georgieva E, Nikolova G. Pulmonary Protein Oxidation and Oxidative Stress Modulation by Lemna minor L. in Progressive Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030523. [PMID: 35326173 PMCID: PMC8944767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) administration is associated with multifunctional proteins inflammations and induction of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Lemna minor L. extract, a free-floating monocot macrophyte possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of the study was to examine the protective effect of L. minor extract on lung protein oxidation and oxidative stress modulation by BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Balb/c mice. For this purpose, the protein carbonyl content, advanced glycation end product, nitroxide protein oxidation (5-MSL), and lipid peroxidation (as MDA and ROS), in lung cells were examined. The histological examinations, collagen deposition, and quantitative measurements of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF in lung tissues and blood were investigated. Intraperitoneal, BLM administration (0.069 U/mL; 0.29 U/kg b.w.) for 33 days, caused IPF induction in Balb/c mice. Pulmonary combining therapy was administered with L. minor at dose 120 mg/mL (0.187 mg/kg b.w.). L. minor histologically ameliorated BLM induced IPF in lung tissues. L. minor significantly modulated (p < 0.05) BLM-alterations induced in lung hydroxyproline, carbonylated proteins, 5-MSL-protein oxidation. Oxidative stress decreased levels in antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in the lung were significantly regulated (p < 0.05) by L. minor. L. minor decreased the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in lung tissues and plasma. The L. minor improves the preventive effect/defense response in specific pulmonary protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, ROS identifications, and cytokine modulation by BLM-induced chronic inflammations, and could be a good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic alternative or IPF prevention involved in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Ivaylo Stefanov
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Ekaterina Georgieva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.K.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-897771301
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12
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1241-1250. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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13
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Ghanem M, Homps-Legrand M, Garnier M, Morer L, Goletto T, Frija-Masson J, Wicky PH, Jaquet P, Bancal C, Hurtado-Nedelec M, de Chaisemartin L, Jaillet M, Mailleux A, Quesnel C, Poté N, Debray MP, de Montmollin E, Neukirch C, Borie R, Taillé C, Crestani B. Blood fibrocytes are associated with severity and prognosis in COVID-19 pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L847-L858. [PMID: 34496650 PMCID: PMC8562948 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00105.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood fibrocytes are associated with a poor prognosis in fibrotic lung diseases. We aimed to determine whether the percentage of circulating fibrocytes could be predictive of severity and prognosis during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Blood fibrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry as CD45+/CD15-/CD34+/collagen-1+ cells in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. In a subgroup of patients admitted in an intensive care unit (ICU), fibrocytes were quantified in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Serum amyloid P (SAP), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), CXCL12, CCL2, and FGF2 concentrations were measured. We included 57 patients in the hospitalized group (median age = 59 yr [23-87]) and 16 individuals as healthy controls. The median percentage of circulating fibrocytes was higher in the patients compared with the controls (3.6% [0.2-9.2] vs. 2.1% [0.9-5.1], P = 0.04). Blood fibrocyte count was lower in the six patients who died compared with the survivors (1.6% [0.2-4.4] vs. 3.7% [0.6-9.2], P = 0.02). Initial fibrocyte count was higher in patients showing a complete lung computed tomography (CT) resolution at 3 mo. Circulating fibrocyte count was decreased in the ICU group (0.8% [0.1-2.0]), whereas BAL fibrocyte count was 6.7% (2.2-15.4). Serum SAP and TGF-β1 concentrations were increased in hospitalized patients. SAP was also increased in ICU patients. CXCL12 and CCL2 were increased in ICU patients and negatively correlated with circulating fibrocyte count. We conclude that circulating fibrocytes were increased in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, and a lower fibrocyte count was associated with an increased risk of death and a slower resolution of lung CT opacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mada Ghanem
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Méline Homps-Legrand
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France
| | - Marc Garnier
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, APHP, DMU DREAM, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Lise Morer
- APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Goletto
- APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul-Henri Wicky
- APHP, Service de Réanimation Médicale et Infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Jaquet
- APHP, Service de Réanimation Médicale et Infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bancal
- APHP, Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, APHP, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France, Inserm, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mailleux
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Quesnel
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, APHP, DMU DREAM, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poté
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie pathologique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Debray
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Neukirch
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Camille Taillé
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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14
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Lam HY, Tergaonkar V, Kumar AP, Ahn KS. Mast cells: Therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and beyond. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1278-1292. [PMID: 34467628 PMCID: PMC8652840 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that widely distribute throughout all tissues and express a variety of cell surface receptors. Upon activation, MCs can rapidly release a diverse array of preformed mediators residing within their secretory granules and newly synthesize a broad spectrum of inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. These unique features of MCs enable them to act as sentinels in response to rapid changes within their microenvironment. There is increasing evidence now that MCs play prominent roles in other pathophysiological processes besides allergic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on the emerging roles of MCs in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and discuss the potential of MCs as novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and other non-allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yan Lam
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Laboratory of NF‐κB SignalingInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF‐κB SignalingInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University Cancer InstituteNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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15
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Mace EL, Zhao S, Lipscomb B, Wootten CT, Belcher RH. Clinical Significance of Mast Cells in the Supraglottic Larynx of Children With Aerodigestive Disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 167:375-381. [PMID: 34699295 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211055139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of mast cells found on supraglottic biopsy of pediatric patients with common aerodigestive diseases. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital. METHODS A total of 461 pediatric patients undergoing otolaryngology aerodigestive procedures provided consent between 2014 and 2019, and biopsies of the supraglottic larynx were collected at the time of their surgery. Pathologists reviewed biopsies for the presence and number of mast cells per high-power field. The patients' electronic health records were reviewed for relevant demographic data and clinical diagnoses present at the time of biopsy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of mast cells with odds of aerodigestive disease. RESULTS Patients with mast cells in their biopsy had significantly higher odds of asthma (odds ratio [OR], 2.02; 95% CI, 1.17-3.46), gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.47-3.77), laryngomalacia (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.80-4.94), laryngeal anomalies (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.52-3.55), and obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.35-3.45). When mast cells were evaluated as a continuous variable, there was a nonlinear relationship between increasing mast cell count and odds of disease. CONCLUSIONS Mast cells are known to be associated with inflammatory conditions, though little is known about their presence in laryngeal inflammation. Results from our study demonstrate an association between mast cells in the pediatric larynx and asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, laryngomalacia, laryngeal anomalies, and obstructive sleep apnea. Our study also showed a nonlinear relationship between number of mast cells and odds of disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Mace
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brittany Lipscomb
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher T Wootten
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan H Belcher
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Salonen J, Kreus M, Lehtonen S, Vähänikkilä H, Purokivi M, Kaarteenaho R. Decline in Mast Cell Density During Diffuse Alveolar Damage in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Inflammation 2021; 45:768-779. [PMID: 34686945 PMCID: PMC8956519 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), although their role in acute exacerbations of IPF has not been investigated. The aims of the study were to evaluate the numbers of MCs in fibrotic and non-fibrotic areas of lung tissue specimens of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with or without an acute exacerbation of IPF, and to correlate the MC density with clinical parameters. MCs of IPF patients were quantified from surgical lung biopsy (SLB) specimens (n = 47) and lung tissue specimens taken at autopsy (n = 7). MC density was higher in the fibrotic areas of lung tissue compared with spared alveolar areas or in controls. Female gender, low diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, diffuse alveolar damage, and smoking were associated with a low MC density. MC densities of fibrotic areas had declined significantly in five subjects in whom both SLB in the stable phase and autopsy after an acute exacerbation of IPF had been performed. There were no correlations of MC densities with survival time or future acute exacerbations. The MC density in fibrotic areas was associated with several clinical parameters. An acute exacerbation of IPF was associated with a significant decline in MC counts. Further investigations will be needed to clarify the role of these cells in IPF and in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation as this may help to identify some potential targets for medical treatment for this serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Salonen
- Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Kreus
- Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital, University Hospital of Oulu, P.O. Box 23, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Vähänikkilä
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, University of Oulu, Arctic Biobank, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Purokivi
- The Center of Medicine and Clinical Research, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 OYS Oulu, Finland
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17
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Wang LM, Jung S, Serban M, Chatterjee A, Lee S, Jeyaseelan K, El Naqa I, Seuntjens J, Ybarra N. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative scoring approaches for radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis as applied to a preliminary investigation into the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell delivery methods in a rat model. BJR Open 2021; 2:20210006. [PMID: 34381940 PMCID: PMC8320116 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Compare a quantitative, algorithm-driven, and qualitative, pathologist-driven, scoring of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). And using these scoring models to derive preliminary comparisons on the effects of different mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration modalities in reducing RIPF. Methods 25 rats were randomized into 5 groups: non-irradiated control (CG), irradiated control (CR), intraperitoneally administered granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor or GM-CSF (Drug), intravascularly administered MSC (IV), and intratracheally administered MSC (IT). All groups, except CG, received an 18 Gy conformal dose to the right lung. Drug, IV and IT groups were treated immediately after irradiation. After 24 weeks of observation, rats were euthanized, their lungs excised, fixed and stained with Masson's Trichrome. Samples were anonymized and RIPF was scored qualitatively by a certified pathologist and quantitatively using ImageScope. An analysis of association was conducted, and two binary classifiers trained to validate the integrity of both qualitative and quantitative scoring. Differences between the treatment groups, as assessed by the pathologist score, were then tested by variance component analysis and mixed models for differences in RIPF outcomes. Results There is agreement between qualitative and quantitative scoring for RIPF grades from 4 to 7. Both classifiers performed similarly on the testing set (AUC = 0.923) indicating accordance between the qualitative and quantitative scoring. For comparisons between MSC infusion modalities, the Drug group had better outcomes (mean pathologist scoring of 3.96), correlating with significantly better RIPF outcomes than IV [lower by 0.97, p = 0.047, 95% CI = (0.013, 1.918)] and resulting in an improvement over CR [lower by 0.93, p = 0.037, 95% CI = (0.062, 1.800]. Conclusion Quantitative image analysis may help in the assessment of therapeutic interventions for RIPF and can serve as a scoring surrogate in differentiating between severe and mild cases of RIPF. Preliminary data demonstrate that the use of GM-CSF was best correlated with lower RIPF severity. Advances in knowledge Quantitative image analysis can be a viable supplemental system of quality control and triaging in situations where pathologist work hours or resources are limited. The use of different MSC administration methods can result in different degrees of MSC efficacy and study outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sungmi Jung
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Monica Serban
- Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Avishek Chatterjee
- Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krishinima Jeyaseelan
- Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jan Seuntjens
- Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, Montréal University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Norma Ybarra
- Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre & Medical Physics Unit, CedarsCancer Centre, McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Canada
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18
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Müller C, Rosmark O, Åhrman E, Brunnström H, Wassilew K, Nybom A, Michaliková B, Larsson H, Eriksson LT, Schultz HH, Perch M, Malmström J, Wigén J, Iversen M, Westergren-Thorsson G. Protein Signatures of Remodeled Airways in Transplanted Lungs with Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Obtained Using Laser-Capture Microdissection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1398-1411. [PMID: 34111430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, a common form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, is the major limitation to long-term survival after lung transplantation. The histologic correlate is progressive, fibrotic occlusion of small airways, obliterative bronchiolitis lesions, which ultimately lead to organ failure. The molecular composition of these lesions is unknown. In this sutdy, the protein composition of the lesions in explanted lungs from four end-stage bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome patients was analyzed using laser-capture microdissection and optimized sample preparation protocols for mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to determine the spatial distribution of commonly identified proteins on the tissue level, and protein signatures for 14 obliterative bronchiolitis lesions were established. A set of 39 proteins, identified in >75% of lesions, included distinct structural proteins (collagen types IV and VI) and cellular components (actins, vimentin, and tryptase). Each respective lesion exhibited a unique composition of proteins (on average, n = 66 proteins), thereby mirroring the morphologic variation of the lesions. Antibody-based staining confirmed these mass spectrometry-based findings. The 14 analyzed obliterative bronchiolitis lesions showed variations in their protein content, but also common features. This study provides molecular and morphologic insights into the development of chronic rejection after lung transplantation. The protein patterns in the lesions were correlated to pathways of extracellular matrix organization, tissue development, and wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Müller
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Åhrman
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katharina Wassilew
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Nybom
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbora Michaliková
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hillevi Larsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif T Eriksson
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans H Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Wigén
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Garcia-Rodriguez KM, Bini EI, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Espitia-Pinzón CI, Huerta-Yepez S, Bulfone-Paus S, Hernández-Pando R. Differential mast cell numbers and characteristics in human tuberculosis pulmonary lesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10687. [PMID: 34021178 PMCID: PMC8140073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health threat and primarily a lung disease. The innate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is orchestrated by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells and apparently mast cells (MCs). MCs are located at mucosal sites including the lungs and contribute in host-defence against pathogens, but little is known about their role during Mtb infection. This study investigates the location and characteristics of MCs in TB lesions to assess their contribution to TB pathology. To this purpose, number, location and phenotype of MCs was studied in 11 necropsies of pulmonary TB and 3 necropsies of non-TB infected lungs that were used as controls. MCs were localised at pneumonic areas, in the granuloma periphery and particularly abundant in fibrotic tissue. Furthermore, MCs displayed intracellular Mtb and IL-17A and TGF-β immunostaining. These findings were validated by analysing, post-mortem lung tissue microarrays from 44 individuals with pulmonary TB and 25 control subjects. In affected lungs, increased numbers of MCs expressing intracellularly both tryptase and chymase were found at fibrotic sites. Altogether, our data suggest that MCs are recruited at the inflammatory site and that actively produce immune mediators such as proteases and TGF-β that may be contributing to late fibrosis in TB lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Magdalena Garcia-Rodriguez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Estela Isabel Bini
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón
- Departamento de Inmunologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK.,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Mast Cell Proteases Tryptase and Chymase Induce Migratory and Morphological Alterations in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105250. [PMID: 34065716 PMCID: PMC8156481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are often characterized by impaired epithelial function and remodeling. Mast cells (MCs) are known to home into the epithelium in respiratory diseases, but the MC-epithelial interactions remain less understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of MC proteases on bronchial epithelial morphology and function. Bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with MC tryptase and/or chymase. Morphology and epithelial function were performed using cell tracking analysis and holographic live-cell imaging. Samples were also analyzed for motility-associated gene expression. Immunocytochemistry was performed to compare cytoskeletal arrangement. Stimulated cells showed strong alterations on gene, protein and functional levels in several parameters important for maintaining epithelial function. The most significant increases were found in cell motility, cellular speed and cell elongation compared to non-stimulated cells. Also, cell morphology was significantly altered in chymase treated compared to non-stimulated cells. In the current study, we show that MC proteases can induce cell migration and morphological and proliferative alterations in epithelial cells. Thus, our data imply that MC release of proteases may play a critical role in airway epithelial remodeling and disruption of epithelial function.
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21
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Bagher M, Rosmark O, Elowsson Rendin L, Nybom A, Wasserstrom S, Müller C, Zhou XH, Dellgren G, Hallgren O, Bjermer L, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Westergren-Thorsson G. Crosstalk between Mast Cells and Lung Fibroblasts Is Modified by Alveolar Extracellular Matrix and Influences Epithelial Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020506. [PMID: 33419174 PMCID: PMC7825515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in asthma, however, the interactions between mast cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are less known. The objectives were to investigate the effect of mast cells on fibroblast activity and migration of epithelial cells. Lung fibroblasts from IPF patients and healthy individuals were co-cultured with LAD2 mast cells or stimulated with the proteases tryptase and chymase. Human lung fibroblasts and mast cells were cultured on cell culture plastic plates or decellularized human lung tissue (scaffolds) to create a more physiological milieu by providing an alveolar extracellular matrix. Released mediators were analyzed and evaluated for effects on epithelial cell migration. Tryptase increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from fibroblasts, whereas co-culture with mast cells increased IL-6 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Culture in scaffolds increased the release of VEGF compared to culture on plastic. Migration of epithelial cells was reduced by IL-6, while HGF and conditioned media from scaffold cultures promoted migration. In conclusion, mast cells and tryptase increased fibroblast release of mediators that influenced epithelial migration. These data indicate a role of mast cells and tryptase in the interplay between fibroblasts, epithelial cells and the alveolar extracellular matrix in health and lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bagher
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (O.R.); (L.E.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (G.W.-T.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (O.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (O.R.); (L.E.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Linda Elowsson Rendin
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (O.R.); (L.E.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Annika Nybom
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (O.R.); (L.E.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (G.W.-T.)
| | | | - Catharina Müller
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (O.R.); (L.E.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Bioscience Department, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 431 53 Mölndal, Sweden;
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (O.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (O.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Anna-Karin Larsson-Callerfelt
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (O.R.); (L.E.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (G.W.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-8580 or +46-733-525420
| | - Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (M.B.); (O.R.); (L.E.R.); (A.N.); (C.M.); (G.W.-T.)
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22
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Sivakumar P, Ammar R, Thompson JR, Luo Y, Streltsov D, Porteous M, McCoubrey C, Cantu E, Beers MF, Jarai G, Christie JD. Integrated plasma proteomics and lung transcriptomics reveal novel biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2021; 22:273. [PMID: 34689792 PMCID: PMC8543878 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with a significant unmet medical need. Development of transformational therapies for IPF is challenging in part to due to lack of robust predictive biomarkers of prognosis and treatment response. Importantly, circulating biomarkers of IPF are limited and none are in clinical use. METHODS We previously reported dysregulated pathways and new disease biomarkers in advanced IPF through RNA sequencing of lung tissues from a cohort of transplant-stage IPF patients (n = 36) in comparison to normal healthy donors (n = 19) and patients with acute lung injury (n = 11). Here we performed proteomic profiling of matching plasma samples from these cohorts through the Somascan-1300 SomaLogics platform. RESULTS Comparative analyses of lung transcriptomic and plasma proteomic signatures identified a set of 34 differentially expressed analytes (fold change (FC) ≥ ± 1.5, false discovery ratio (FDR) ≤ 0.1) in IPF samples compared to healthy controls. IPF samples showed strong enrichment of chemotaxis, tumor infiltration and mast cell migration pathways and downregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Mucosal (CCL25 and CCL28) and Th2 (CCL17 and CCL22) chemokines were markedly upregulated in IPF and highly correlated within the subjects. The mast cell maturation chemokine, CXCL12, was also upregulated in IPF plasma (fold change 1.92, FDR 0.006) and significantly correlated (Pearson r = - 0.38, p = 0.022) to lung function (%predicted FVC), with a concomitant increase in the mast cell Tryptase, TPSB2. Markers of collagen III and VI degradation (C3M and C6M) were significantly downregulated (C3M p < 0.001 and C6M p < 0.0001 IPF vs control) and correlated, Pearson r = 0.77) in advanced IPF consistent with altered ECM homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies a panel of tissue and circulating biomarkers with clinical utility in IPF that can be validated in future studies across larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchumani Sivakumar
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Translational Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | - Ron Ammar
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Informatics and Predictive Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - John Ryan Thompson
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Informatics and Predictive Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Yi Luo
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Denis Streltsov
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Mary Porteous
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Carly McCoubrey
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Edward Cantu
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Michael F. Beers
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972PENN Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Gabor Jarai
- grid.419971.30000 0004 0374 8313Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Jason D. Christie
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972PENN Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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23
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Inoue Y, Okamoto T, Honda T, Nukui Y, Akashi T, Takemura T, Tozuka M, Miyazaki Y. Disruption in the balance between apolipoprotein A-I and mast cell chymase in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:659-671. [PMID: 33016012 PMCID: PMC7654418 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) has an antifibrotic effect in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although pulmonary fibrosis is associated with poor prognosis of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), little is known regarding the role of apoA‐I in the pathogenesis of HP. Methods Two‐dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed for the identification and quantification of apoA‐I in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with acute and chronic HP. To investigate the degradation of apoA‐I, apoA‐I was incubated with BALF. Moreover, the role of apoA‐I in TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of A549 cells was examined. Results The concentration of apoA‐I in the BALF was significantly lower in chronic HP (n = 56) compared with acute HP (n = 31). The expression level of apoA‐I was also low in the lung tissues of chronic HP. ApoA‐I was degraded by BALF from HP patients. The number of chymase‐positive mast cells in the alveolar parenchyma was inversely correlated with apoA‐I levels in the BALF of chronic HP patients. In vitro experiment using A549 cells, untreated apoA‐I inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition, although this trend was not observed in the chymase‐treated apoA‐I. Conclusions A decrease of apoA‐I was associated with the pathogenesis of chronic HP in terms of pulmonary fibrosis and mast cell chymase attenuated the protective effect of apoA‐I against pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, apoA‐I could be a crucial molecule associated with lung fibrogenesis of HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nukui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamiko Takemura
- Department of Pathology, Japan Red Cross Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tozuka
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Overed-Sayer C, Miranda E, Dunmore R, Liarte Marin E, Beloki L, Rassl D, Parfrey H, Carruthers A, Chahboub A, Koch S, Güler-Gane G, Kuziora M, Lewis A, Murray L, May R, Clarke D. Inhibition of mast cells: a novel mechanism by which nintedanib may elicit anti-fibrotic effects. Thorax 2020; 75:754-763. [PMID: 32709610 PMCID: PMC7476277 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease which presents a grave prognosis for diagnosed patients. Nintedanib (a triple tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and pirfenidone (unclear mechanism of action) are the only approved therapies for IPF, but have limited efficacy. The pathogenic mechanisms of this disease are not fully elucidated; however, a role for mast cells (MCs) has been postulated. Objectives The aim of this work was to investigate a role for MCs in IPF and to understand whether nintedanib or pirfenidone could impact MC function. Methods and results MCs were significantly elevated in human IPF lung and negatively correlated with baseline lung function (FVC). Importantly, MCs were positively associated with the number of fibroblast foci, which has been linked to increased mortality. Furthermore, MCs were increased in the region immediately surrounding the fibroblast foci, and co-culture studies confirmed a role for MC–fibroblast crosstalk in fibrosis. Nintedanib but not pirfenidone inhibited recombinant stem cell factor (SCF)–induced MC survival. Further evaluation of nintedanib determined that it also inhibited human fibroblast-mediated MC survival. This was likely via a direct effect on ckit (SCF receptor) since nintedanib blocked SCF-stimulated ckit phosphorylation, as well as downstream effects on MC proliferation and cytokine release. In addition, nintedanib ablated the increase in lung MCs and impacted high tissue density frequency (HDFm) in a rat bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. Conclusion Nintedanib inhibits MC survival and activation and thus provides a novel additional mechanism by which this drug may exert anti-fibrotic effects in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Overed-Sayer
- Regeneration, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Miranda
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Dunmore
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Liarte Marin
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lorea Beloki
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doris Rassl
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Helen Parfrey
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Alan Carruthers
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Chahboub
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Koch
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gülin Güler-Gane
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Kuziora
- Translational Science, Early Oncology, Oncology Bioinformatics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Arthur Lewis
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Murray
- Regeneration, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard May
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Clarke
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Adelmidrol: A New Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Tool in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070601. [PMID: 32660140 PMCID: PMC7402091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary diseases are characterized by airway remodeling due to complex multicellular responses and the production of free oxygen radicals. They lead to a progressive decline of pulmonary functions. Adelmidrol is an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which is a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant compound. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of adelmidrol (10 mg/Kg) for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. METHODS Bleomycin intratracheal administration was performed on the first day and for the following twenty-one days, mice were treated with adelmidrol (10 mg/Kg). RESULTS The survival rate and body weight gain were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, adelmidrol-administered animals showed reduced airway infiltration by inflammatory cells, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression (IL,6 IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-1β). Moreover, adelmidrol treatment was able to manage the significant incapacity of antioxidants and elevation of the oxidant burden, as shown by the MDA, SOD, and GSH levels and decreased nitric oxide production. It was also able to significantly modulate the JAK2/STAT3 and IκBα/NF-kB pathway. Histologic examination of the lung tissues showed reduced sample injury, mast cell degranulation, chymase activity, and collagen deposition. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our results propose adelmidrol as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Komi DEA, Mortaz E, Amani S, Tiotiu A, Folkerts G, Adcock IM. The Role of Mast Cells in IgE-Independent Lung Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:377-387. [PMID: 32086776 PMCID: PMC7244458 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are granular cells of the innate immune system which develop from CD34+/CD117+ progenitors and play a role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. They have a well-known role in allergic reactions following immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated activation of the cell-surface expressed IgE high-affinity receptor (FcεRI). MCs can also respond to various other stimuli due to the expression of a variety of receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), immunoglobulin (IgG) receptors (FcγR), complement receptors such as C5a (CD88) expressed by skin MCs, neuropeptides receptors including nerve growth factor receptor, (NGFR), cytokines receptors such as (IL)-1R and IL-3R, and chemokines receptors including CCR-1 and CCR-3. MCs release three groups of mediators upon degranulation differentiated according to their chemical composition, storage, and time to release. These include preformed mediators (mainly histamine, tryptase, and chymase), de novo synthesized mediators such as prostaglandin (PG)D2, leukotriene (LT)B4 and LTD4, and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β. Emerging evidence indicates a role for IgE-independent MC activation in the late-stage asthmatic response as well as in non-allergic airway diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. MC infiltration/activation has been reported in some, but not all, studies of lung cancer. MC-derived TNF-α possesses tumor-suppressive activity while IL-1β supports tumor progression and metastasis. In IPF lungs, an increase in density of tryptase- and chymase-positive MCs (MCTC) and overexpression of TGF-β support the fibrosis progression. MC-derived chymase activates latent TGF-β that induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to matrix-producing myofibroblasts. In summary, increasing evidence highlights a critical role of MCs in non-allergic diseases that may indicate new approaches for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saeede Amani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angelica Tiotiu
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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27
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Giacalone VD, Dobosh BS, Gaggar A, Tirouvanziam R, Margaroli C. Immunomodulation in Cystic Fibrosis: Why and How? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093331. [PMID: 32397175 PMCID: PMC7247557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by unconventional mechanisms of inflammation, implicating a chronic immune response dominated by innate immune cells. Historically, therapeutic development has focused on the mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), leading to the discovery of small molecules aiming at modulating and potentiating the presence and activity of CFTR at the plasma membrane. However, treatment burden sustained by CF patients, side effects of current medications, and recent advances in other therapeutic areas have highlighted the need to develop novel disease targeting of the inflammatory component driving CF lung damage. Furthermore, current issues with standard treatment emphasize the need for directed lung therapies that could minimize systemic side effects. Here, we summarize current treatment used to target immune cells in the lungs, and highlight potential benefits and caveats of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D. Giacalone
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (V.D.G.); (B.S.D.)
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brian S. Dobosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (V.D.G.); (B.S.D.)
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.)
- Pulmonary Section, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (V.D.G.); (B.S.D.)
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.)
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Wang Z, Qu S, Zhu J, Chen F, Ma L. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network and immune infiltration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:1856-1865. [PMID: 32642089 PMCID: PMC7330328 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-19-2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening lung disorder with an unknown aetiology. The roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and its related competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network in IPF remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to build a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and explore the pathogenesis of IPF. Methods We screened differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between IPF and control lung tissues from two datasets. The ceRNA network was built according to the interactions between DElncRNA, miRNA, and DEmRNA. Functional enrichment analysis of DemRNAs was performed using Metascape. CIBERSORT (Cell type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets Of known RNA Transcripts) was applied to estimate the fraction of 22 immune cells in IPF and controls lung tissue samples. Then we investigated the correlation between immune cells and clinical traits. Results We constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, which was composed of two DElncRNAs, 18 miRNAs, 66 DemRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEmRNAs mainly participated in MicroRNAs in cancer. By applying CIBERSORT, we found that IPF tissue samples had a higher proportion of plasma cells, resting mast cells and a lower proportion of resting NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils compared with control tissue samples. Also, our results indicated that immune cells were associated with the severity of IPF. Conclusions In summary, this is the first study to build lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network of IPF, which may improve our understanding of IPF pathogenesis. Our study indicates that immune cells in lung tissues may predict disease severity and participate in the development of IPF. Future prospective studies are required to confirm the findings of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuoying Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengzhe Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lixian Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China
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29
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Cagino LM, Hensley MK, Fortier SM, Dickson RP. Mechanical Stretch: An Important and Understudied Feature of Acute and Chronic Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:992-994. [PMID: 32126178 PMCID: PMC7159420 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2166rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M. Cagino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Matthew K. Hensley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Sean M. Fortier
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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30
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Dewage SNV, Organ L, Koumoundouros E, Derseh HB, Perera KUE, Samuel CS, Stent AW, Snibson KJ. The efficacy of pirfenidone in a sheep model of pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:310-322. [PMID: 31762329 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1695019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic lung disease with unknown cause. While the drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone have been approved for the treatment of IPF, they only slow disease progression and can induce several side-effects, suggesting that there is still an unmet need to develop new efficacious drugs, and interventions strategies, to combat this disease. We have recently developed a sheep model of pulmonary fibrosis for the preclinical testing of novel anti-fibrotic drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of pirfenidone to ascertain its suitability as a benchmark for comparing other novel therapeutics in this sheep model. To initiate localized fibrosis, sheep were given two infusions of bleomycin (0.6 U/ml per infusion), a fortnight apart, to a specific lung segment. The contralateral lung segment in each sheep was infused with saline to act as an internal control. Two weeks after the final bleomycin infusion, either pirfenidone or methylcellulose (vehicle control) were administered orally to sheep twice daily for 5 weeks. Results showed that sheep treated with pirfenidone had improved lung function, ameliorated fibrotic pathology, lower numbers of active myofibroblasts, and reduced extra cellular matrix deposition when compared with the relevant measurements obtained from control sheep treated with vehicle. This study showed that pirfenidone can attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in sheep, and can therefore be used as a positive control to assess other novel therapeutics for IPF in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasika N V Dewage
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Louise Organ
- Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emmanuel Koumoundouros
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Habtamu B Derseh
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew W Stent
- Faculty of Veterinary Science and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Ken J Snibson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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31
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Rasky A, Habiel DM, Morris S, Schaller M, Moore BB, Phan S, Kunkel SL, Phillips M, Hogaboam C, Lukacs NW. Inhibition of the stem cell factor 248 isoform attenuates the development of pulmonary remodeling disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L200-L211. [PMID: 31747308 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00114.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit have been implicated in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis. Ingenuity Integrated Pathway Analysis of gene expression array data sets showed an upregulation of SCF transcripts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung biopsies compared with tissue from nonfibrotic lungs that are further increased in rapid progressive disease. SCF248, a cleavable isoform of SCF, was abundantly and preferentially expressed in human lung fibroblasts and fibrotic mouse lungs relative to the SCF220 isoform. In fibroblast-mast cell coculture studies, blockade of SCF248 using a novel isoform-specific anti-SCF248 monoclonal antibody (anti-SCF248), attenuated the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 transcripts in cocultured IPF but not normal lung fibroblasts. Administration of anti-SCF248 on days 8 and 12 after bleomycin instillation in mice significantly reduced fibrotic lung remodeling and col1al, fn1, acta2, tgfb, and ccl2 transcript expression. In addition, bleomycin increased numbers of c-kit+ mast cells, eosinophils, and ILC2 in lungs of mice, whereas they were not significantly increased in anti-SCF248-treated animals. Finally, mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of SCF significantly attenuated bleomycin-mediated lung fibrosis and associated fibrotic gene expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SCF is upregulated in diseased IPF lungs and blocking SCF248 isoform significantly ameliorates fibrotic lung remodeling in vivo suggesting that it may be a therapeutic target for fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Opsidio, LLC, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Susan Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Opsidio, LLC, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sem Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Cory Hogaboam
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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32
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Shimbori C, Upagupta C, Bellaye PS, Ayaub EA, Sato S, Yanagihara T, Zhou Q, Ognjanovic A, Ask K, Gauldie J, Forsythe P, Kolb MRJ. Mechanical stress-induced mast cell degranulation activates TGF-β1 signalling pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2019; 74:455-465. [PMID: 30808717 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mast cells accumulating in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lungs is unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) on mast cells in experimental and human pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS In IPF lungs, mast cell numbers were increased and correlated with disease severity (control vs 60%<FVC<90%, mean difference=-222.7, 95% CI -386.3 to -59.2, p=0.004; control vs FVC<60%, mean difference=-301.7, 95% CI of difference -474.1 to -129.34, p=0.0001; FVC>90% vs 60%<FVC<90%, mean difference=-189.6, 95% CI of difference -353.1 to -26.03, p=0.017; FVC>90% vs FVC<60%, mean difference=-268.6, 95% CI of difference -441.0 to -96.17, p=0.0007). Plasma tryptase levels were increased in IPF and negatively correlated with FVC (control vs FVC<60%, mean difference=-17.12, 95% CI of difference -30.02 to -4.22, p=0.006: correlation curves R=-0.045, p=0.025). In a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, chymase-positive and tryptase-positive mast cells accumulated in fibrotic lung. Lung tissue was decellularised and reseeded with bone marrow or peritoneum-derived mast cells; cells on fibrotic ECM released more TGF-β1 compared with normal ECM (active TGF-β1: bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC)-DL vs BMMC-TGF-β1 p=0.0005, peritoneal mast cell (PMC)-DL vs PMC-TGF-β1 p=0.0003, total TGF-β1: BMMC-DL vs BMMC-TGF-β1 p=0.013, PMC-DL vs PMC-TGF-β1 p=0.001). Mechanical stretch of lungs caused mast cell degranulation; mast cell stabilisers inhibited degranulation (histamine: cont vs doxantrazole p=0.004, β-hexosaminidase: cont vs doxantrazole, mean difference=1.007, 95% CI of difference 0.2700 to 1.744, p=0.007) and TGF-β1 activation (pSmad2/Smad2: cont vs dox p=0.006). Cromoglycate attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in rats (collagen: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) vs cromoglycate p=0.036, fibrotic area: PBS vs cromoglycate p=0.031). CONCLUSION This study suggests that mast cells may contribute to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiko Shimbori
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandak Upagupta
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab A Ayaub
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seidai Sato
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toyoshi Yanagihara
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quan Zhou
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Ognjanovic
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack Gauldie
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, The Research Institute of St Joseph's Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin R J Kolb
- St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Fibrosis is a medical condition characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix compounds such as collagen in tissues. Fibrotic lesions are present in many diseases and can affect all organs. The excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in these conditions can often have serious consequences and in many cases be life-threatening. A typical event seen in many fibrotic conditions is a profound accumulation of mast cells (MCs), suggesting that these cells can contribute to the pathology. Indeed, there is now substantialv evidence pointing to an important role of MCs in fibrotic disease. However, investigations from various clinical settings and different animal models have arrived at partly contradictory conclusions as to how MCs affect fibrosis, with many studies suggesting a detrimental role of MCs whereas others suggest that MCs can be protective. Here, we review the current knowledge of how MCs can affect fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Ravindran A, Rönnberg E, Dahlin JS, Mazzurana L, Säfholm J, Orre AC, Al-Ameri M, Peachell P, Adner M, Dahlén SE, Mjösberg J, Nilsson G. An Optimized Protocol for the Isolation and Functional Analysis of Human Lung Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2193. [PMID: 30344519 PMCID: PMC6183502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mast cells are tissue-resident inflammatory cells defined by their high granularity and surface expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, and CD117/KIT, the receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). There is a considerable heterogeneity among mast cells, both phenotypically and functionally. Human mast cells are generally divided into two main subtypes based on their protease content; the mucosa-associated MCT (tryptase positive and chymase negative mast cell) and the connective tissue associated-residing MCTC (tryptase and chymase positive mast cell). Human lung mast cells exhibit heterogeneity in terms of cellular size, expression of cell surface receptors, and secreted mediators. However, knowledge about human lung mast cell heterogeneity is restricted to studies using immunohistochemistry or purified mast cells. Whereas the former is limited by the number of cellular markers that can be analyzed simultaneously, the latter suffers from issues related to cell yield. Aim: To develop a protocol that enables isolation of human lung mast cells at high yields for analysis of functional properties and detailed analysis using single-cell based analyses of protein (flow cytometry) or RNA (RNA-sequencing) expression. Methods: Mast cells were isolated from human lung tissue by a sequential combination of washing, enzymatic digestion, mechanical disruption, and density centrifugation using Percoll (WEMP). As a comparison, we also isolated mast cells using a conventional enzyme-based protocol. The isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: We observed a significant increase in the yield of total human lung CD45+ immune cells and an even more pronounced increase in the yield of CD117+ mast cells with the WEMP protocol in comparison to the conventional protocols. In contrast, the frequency of the rare lymphocyte subset innate lymphoid cells group 2 (ILC2) did not differ between the two methods. Conclusion: The described WEMP protocol results in a significant increase in the yield of human lung mast cells compared to a conventional protocol. Additionally, the WEMP protocol enables simultaneous isolation of different immune cell populations such as lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes while retaining their surface marker expression that can be used for advanced single-cell analyses including multi-color flow cytometry and RNA-sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Ravindran
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim S Dahlin
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Mazzurana
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Säfholm
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Orre
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mamdoh Al-Ameri
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Peachell
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Adner
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Bagher M, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Rosmark O, Hallgren O, Bjermer L, Westergren-Thorsson G. Mast cells and mast cell tryptase enhance migration of human lung fibroblasts through protease-activated receptor 2. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:59. [PMID: 30219079 PMCID: PMC6139170 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells may activate fibroblasts and contribute to remodeling processes in the lung. However, the mechanism behind these actions needs to be further investigated. Fibroblasts are major regulators of on-going remodeling processes. Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) expressed by fibroblasts may be activated by serine proteases, such as the mast cell mediator tryptase. The objective in this study was to investigate the effects of mast cells and specifically mast cell tryptase on fibroblast migration and the role of PAR2 activation. METHODS Human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were cultured together with human peripheral blood-derived mast cells or LAD2 mast cells and stimulated with either conditioned medium from LAD2 cells or tryptase. Analyses of immunological stimulation of mast cells by IgE/anti IgE in the co-culture system were also performed. The importance of PAR2 activation by mast cells and mast cell tryptase for the migratory effects of fibroblasts was investigated by pre-treatment with the PAR2 antagonist P2pal-18S. The expression of PAR2 was analyzed on fibroblasts and mast cells. RESULTS The migratory capacity of HFL-1 cells was enhanced by blood-derived mast cells (p < 0.02), LAD2 cells (p < 0.001), conditioned medium (p < 0.05) and tryptase (p < 0.006). P2pal-18S decreased the induced migration caused by mast cells (p < 0.001) and tryptase (p < 0.001) and the expression of PAR2 was verified in HFL-1 cells. Mast cells immunologically stimulated with IgE/Anti IgE had no further effects on fibroblast migration. CONCLUSIONS Mast cells and the mast cell mediator tryptase may have crucial roles in inducing lung fibroblast migration via PAR-2 activation, which may contribute to remodeling processes in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bagher
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC C12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Oskar Rosmark
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC C12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC C12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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36
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Gomez C, Carsin A, Gouitaa M, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Dubus JC, Mège JL, Ranque S, Vitte J. Mast cell tryptase changes with Aspergillus fumigatus – Host crosstalk in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:631-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Development of Human Mast Cells from Hematopoietic Stem Cells within a 3D Collagen Matrix: Effect of Stem Cell Media on Mast Cell Generation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2136193. [PMID: 30123284 PMCID: PMC6079339 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2136193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) arise from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that mature within vascularized tissues. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs) play a role in the maturation of HSCs in the tissues. Due to difficulties in isolating MCs from tissues, large numbers of committed MC precursors can be generated in 2D culture systems with the use of differentiation factors. Since MCs are tissue-resident cells, the development of a 3D tissue-engineered model with ancillary cells that more closely mimics the 3D in vivo microenvironment has greater relevance for MC studies. The goals of this study were to show that MCs can be derived from HSCs within a 3D matrix and to determine a media to support MCs, fibroblasts, and ECs. The results show that HSCs within a collagen matrix cultured in StemSpan media with serum added at the last week yielded a greater number of c-kit+ cells and a greater amount of histamine granules compared to other media tested. Media supplemented with serum were necessary for EC survival, while fibroblasts survived irrespective of serum with higher cell yields in StemSpan. This work demonstrates the development of functional MCs within a 3D collagen matrix using a stem cell media that supports fibroblast and ECs.
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38
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Philp AR, Riquelme TT, Millar-Büchner P, González R, Sepúlveda FV, Cid LP, Flores CA. Kcnn4 is a modifier gene of intestinal cystic fibrosis preventing lethality in the Cftr-F508del mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9320. [PMID: 29915289 PMCID: PMC6006244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients bear the phenylalanine-508 deletion but disease severity differs greatly, and is not explained by the existence of different mutations in compound heterozygous. Studies demonstrated that genes other than CFTR relate to intestinal disease in humans and CF-mouse. Kcnn4, the gene encoding the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1, important for intestinal secretion, is present in a locus linked with occurrence of intestinal CF-disease in mice and humans. We reasoned that it might be a CF-modifier gene and bred a CF-mouse with Kcnn4 silencing, finding that lethality was almost abolished. Silencing of Kcnn4 did not improve intestinal secretory functions, but rather corrected increased circulating TNF-α level and reduced intestinal mast cell increase. Given the importance of mast cells in intestinal disease additional double mutant CF-animals were tested, one lacking mast cells (C-kitW-sh/W-sh) and Stat6-/- to block IgE production. While mast cell depletion had no effect, silencing Stat6 significantly reduced lethality. Our results show that Kcnn4 is an intestinal CF modifier gene partially acting through a STAT6-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Philp
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Texia T Riquelme
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Millar-Büchner
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo González
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L Pablo Cid
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos A Flores
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile.
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39
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Valero-Jiménez A, Zúñiga J, Cisneros J, Becerril C, Salgado A, Checa M, Buendía-Roldán I, Mendoza-Milla C, Gaxiola M, Pardo A, Selman M. Transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is upregulated in IPF lungs and increases the fibrotic response in bleomycin-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192963. [PMID: 29529050 PMCID: PMC5846721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by epithelial cell activation, expansion of the fibroblast population and excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. The mechanisms are incompletely understood but evidence indicates that the deregulation of several proteases contributes to its pathogenesis. Transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is a novel type II transmembrane serine protease that may promote migration and facilitate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), two critical processes in the pathogenesis of IPF. Thus, we hypothesized that over-expression of TMPRSS4 in the lung could promote the initiation and/or progression of IPF. In this study we first evaluated the expression and localization of TMPRSS4 in IPF lungs by real time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Then we examined the lung fibrotic response in wild-type and TMPRSS4 deficient mice using the bleomycin-induced lung injury model. We found that this protease is upregulated in IPF lungs, where was primarily expressed by epithelial and mast cells. Paralleling the findings in vivo, TMPRSS4 was expressed by alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and unexpectedly, provoked an increase of E-cadherin. No expression was observed in normal human or IPF lung fibroblasts. The lung fibrotic response evaluated at 28 days after bleomycin injury was markedly attenuated in the haplodeficient and deficient TMPRSS4 mice. By morphology, a significant reduction of the fibrotic index was observed in KO and heterozygous mice which was confirmed by measurement of collagen content (hydroxyproline: WT: 164±21.1 μg/lung versus TMPRSS4 haploinsufficient: 110.2±14.3 μg/lung and TMPRSS4 deficient mice: 114.1±24.2 μg/lung (p<0.01). As in IPF, TMPRSS4 was also expressed in epithelial and mast cells. These findings indicate that TMPRSS4 is upregulated in IPF lungs and that may have a profibrotic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valero-Jiménez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Cisneros
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carina Becerril
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Salgado
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco Checa
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
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Abstract
Mast cells are hematopoietic progenitor-derived, granule-containing immune cells that are widely distributed in tissues that interact with the external environment, such as the skin and mucosal tissues. It is well-known that mast cells are significantly involved in IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but because of their location, it has also been long hypothesized that mast cells can act as sentinel cells that sense pathogens and initiate protective immune responses. Using mast cell or mast cell protease-deficient murine models, recent studies by our groups and others indicate that mast cells have pleiotropic regulatory roles in immunological responses against pathogens. In this review, we discuss studies that demonstrate that mast cells can either promote host resistance to infections caused by bacteria and fungi or contribute to dysregulated immune responses that can increase host morbidity and mortality. Overall, these studies indicate that mast cells can influence innate immune responses against bacterial and fungal infections via multiple mechanisms. Importantly, the contribution of mast cells to infection outcomes depends in part on the infection model, including the genetic approach used to assess the influence of mast cells on host immunity, hence highlighting the complexity of mast cell biology in the context of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Piliponsky
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luigina Romani
- Pathology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Center of functional genomics (C.U.R.Ge.F.), Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Löfdahl A, Wenglén C, Rydell-Törmänen K, Westergren-Thorsson G, Larsson-Callerfelt AK. Effects of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Class 2 Receptor Antagonists on Bronchoconstriction and Pulmonary Remodeling Processes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1113-1119. [PMID: 29454752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is associated with several chronic pulmonary diseases, recognizing 5-HT2 receptor antagonists as potential inhibitors of tissue remodeling. However, the effects of 5-HT2 receptors, especially 5-HT2B receptors on airway function and remodeling, are unclear. We investigated the role of 5-HT2B receptors on airway smooth muscle contractility and remodeling processes. Murine precision-cut lung slices were pretreated with 5-HT2B receptor antagonists (EXT5, EXT9, RS 127445, and PRX 08066), as well as ketanserin (5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist) (1, 10 μmol/L), before addition of cumulative concentrations of 5-HT to induce bronchoconstriction. Remodeling effects after treatment with 10 μmol/L 5-HT and 5-HT2 receptor antagonists were further studied in distal lung tissue by examining release of profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and proliferation of human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs). 5-HT-induced bronchoconstriction was significantly reduced by EXT5, EXT9, and ketanserin, but not by RS 127445 or PRX 08066. The 5-HT2B receptor antagonists significantly reduced TGF-β1 release. 5-HT, in combination with TGF-β1, increased proliferation of HBSMCs, a process reduced by EXT5 and EXT9. Our results indicate that EXT5 and EXT9 may relieve bronchoconstriction in murine airways and serve as an add-on effect in attenuating pulmonary remodeling by improving airway function. The antiproliferative effect on HBSMCs and the inhibition of TGF-β1 release further support a role of 5-HT2B receptors in pathologic remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Löfdahl
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Andersson CK, Weitoft M, Rydell-Törmänen K, Bjermer L, Westergren-Thorsson G, Erjefält JS. Uncontrolled asthmatics have increased FceRI+
and TGF-β-positive MCTC
mast cells and collagen VI in the alveolar parenchyma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:266-277. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Andersson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - M. Weitoft
- Department Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | | | - L. Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | | | - J. S. Erjefält
- Department Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Paivandy A, Sandelin M, Igelström H, Landelius P, Janson C, Melo FR, Pejler G. Induction of Human Lung Mast Cell Apoptosis by Granule Permeabilization: A Novel Approach for Targeting Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1645. [PMID: 29230220 PMCID: PMC5711769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are implicated as detrimental players in inflammatory lung diseases, particularly asthma. Mast cells respond to activating stimuli by releasing a wide panel of pro-inflammatory compounds that can contribute profoundly to the pathology, and there is currently an unmet need for strategies that efficiently ameliorate harmful effects of mast cells under such conditions. Here, we sought to evaluate a novel concept for targeting human lung mast cells, by assessing the possibility of selectively depleting the lung mast cells by induction of apoptosis. For this purpose, we used lysosomotropic agents, i.e., compounds that are known to permeabilize the secretory granules of mast cells, thereby releasing the contents of the granules into the cytosol. Either intact human lung tissue, purified human lung mast cells or mixed populations of human lung cells were incubated with the lysosomotropic agents mefloquine or siramesine, followed by measurement of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and release of cytokines. We show that human lung mast cells were highly susceptible to apoptosis induced by this strategy, whereas other cell populations of the lung were largely refractory. Moreover, we demonstrate that apoptosis induced by this mode is dependent on the production of ROS and that the treatment of lung tissue with lysosomotropic agents causes a decrease in the release of pathogenic cytokines. We conclude that selective apoptosis of human lung mast cells can be accomplished by administration of lysosomotropic agents, thus introducing the possibility of using such drugs as novel therapeutics in the treatment of inflammatory lung disorders such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Sandelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Per Landelius
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabio R Melo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Birring SS, Wijsenbeek MS, Agrawal S, van den Berg JWK, Stone H, Maher TM, Tutuncu A, Morice AH. A novel formulation of inhaled sodium cromoglicate (PA101) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 5:806-815. [PMID: 28923239 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough can be a debilitating symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is difficult to treat. PA101 is a novel formulation of sodium cromoglicate delivered via a high-efficiency eFlow nebuliser that achieves significantly higher drug deposition in the lung compared with the existing formulations. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of inhaled PA101 in patients with IPF and chronic cough and, to explore the antitussive mechanism of PA101, patients with chronic idiopathic cough (CIC) were also studied. METHODS This pilot, proof-of-concept study consisted of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with IPF and chronic cough and a parallel study of similar design in patients with CIC. Participants with IPF and chronic cough recruited from seven centres in the UK and the Netherlands were randomly assigned (1:1, using a computer-generated randomisation schedule) by site staff to receive PA101 (40 mg) or matching placebo three times a day via oral inhalation for 2 weeks, followed by a 2 week washout, and then crossed over to the other arm. Study participants, investigators, study staff, and the sponsor were masked to group assignment until all participants had completed the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in objective daytime cough frequency (from 24 h acoustic recording, Leicester Cough Monitor). The primary efficacy analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-baseline efficacy measurement. Safety analysis included all those who took at least one dose of study drug. In the second cohort, participants with CIC were randomly assigned in a study across four centres with similar design and endpoints. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02412020) and the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT Number 2014-004025-40) and both cohorts are closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between Feb 13, 2015, and Feb 2, 2016, 24 participants with IPF were randomly assigned to treatment groups. 28 participants with CIC were enrolled during the same period and 27 received study treatment. In patients with IPF, PA101 reduced daytime cough frequency by 31·1% at day 14 compared with placebo; daytime cough frequency decreased from a mean 55 (SD 55) coughs per h at baseline to 39 (29) coughs per h at day 14 following treatment with PA101, versus 51 (37) coughs per h at baseline to 52 (40) cough per h following placebo treatment (ratio of least-squares [LS] means 0·67, 95% CI 0·48-0·94, p=0·0241). By contrast, no treatment benefit for PA101 was observed in the CIC cohort; mean reduction of daytime cough frequency at day 14 for PA101 adjusted for placebo was 6·2% (ratio of LS means 1·27, 0·78-2·06, p=0·31). PA101 was well tolerated in both cohorts. The incidence of adverse events was similar between PA101 and placebo treatments, most adverse events were mild in severity, and no severe adverse events or serious adverse events were reported. INTERPRETATION This study suggests that the mechanism of cough in IPF might be disease specific. Inhaled PA101 could be a treatment option for chronic cough in patients with IPF and warrants further investigation. FUNDING Patara Pharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder S Birring
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, School of Transplantation, Immunology, Infection & Inflammation Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Agrawal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Helen Stone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Alyn H Morice
- Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull, UK
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45
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A mast cell-ILC2-Th9 pathway promotes lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14017. [PMID: 28090087 PMCID: PMC5241810 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 9 (Th9) cells contribute to lung inflammation and allergy as sources of interleukin-9 (IL-9). However, the mechanisms by which IL-9/Th9 mediate immunopathology in the lung are unknown. Here we report an IL-9-driven positive feedback loop that reinforces allergic inflammation. We show that IL-9 increases IL-2 production by mast cells, which leads to expansion of CD25+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and subsequent activation of Th9 cells. Blocking IL-9 or inhibiting CD117 (c-Kit) signalling counteracts the pathogenic effect of the described IL-9-mast cell-IL-2 signalling axis. Overproduction of IL-9 is observed in expectorates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and a sex-specific variant of IL-9 is predictive of allergic reactions in female patients. Our results suggest that blocking IL-9 may be a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate inflammation associated with microbial colonization in the lung, and offers a plausible explanation for gender differences in clinical outcomes of patients with CF. In patients with cystic fibrosis, IL-9 signalling is increased. The authors describe an inflammatory loop in which IL-9 produced by Th9 cells drives mast cells to produce IL-2, resulting in ILC2 cell activation, and show inhibition of this loop with blocking antibodies to IL-9 in a mouse model of pulmonary infection.
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Lammertyn EJ, Vandermeulen E, Bellon H, Everaerts S, Verleden SE, Van Den Eynde K, Bracke KR, Brusselle GG, Goeminne PC, Verbeken EK, Vanaudenaerde BM, Dupont LJ. End-stage cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterised by a diverse inflammatory pattern: an immunohistochemical analysis. Respir Res 2017; 18:10. [PMID: 28069067 PMCID: PMC5223576 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by vigorous airway inflammation eventually resulting in severe lung damage. This study aimed to describe the diversity of the inflammatory pattern in end-stage CF lungs by evaluating and quantifying which components of the innate and adaptive immunity are involved, and by assessing whether this is gender-specific. METHODS CF explant lung tissue (n = 20) collected at time of transplantation and control tissue (n = 22) was sectioned (9 μm) and stained for neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4 T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cells. Quantification with special attention for immune cell location was performed. RESULTS Neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4 T and cytotoxic T cells were significantly increased in CF compared to controls and there was a disproportionate increase of neutrophils around the airways in CF. Large amounts of lymphoid follicles were found in the CF lung and they had a skewed B cell/T cell composition. Upon subdividing the CF patients into a male and female population, eosinophils, mast cells and CD4 T cells were increased specifically in CF females. In this subpopulation, lymphoid follicles had less B cells and more CD8 T cells. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate a diverse inflammatory response in the CF lung, reflected by an increase of both myeloid and lymphoid immune cells. Inflammation in the CF lung appeared to be gender-specific in our population, as the significant increase of eosinophils, mast cells and CD4 T cells was especially notable in the female subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise J Lammertyn
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Elly Vandermeulen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bellon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Everaerts
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Van Den Eynde
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter C Goeminne
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik K Verbeken
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Box 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven J Dupont
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Balestro E, Calabrese F, Turato G, Lunardi F, Bazzan E, Marulli G, Biondini D, Rossi E, Sanduzzi A, Rea F, Rigobello C, Gregori D, Baraldo S, Spagnolo P, Cosio MG, Saetta M. Immune Inflammation and Disease Progression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154516. [PMID: 27159038 PMCID: PMC4861274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical course in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is highly heterogeneous, with some patients having a slow progression and others an accelerated clinical and functional decline. This study aims to clinically characterize the type of progression in IPF and to investigate the pathological basis that might account for the observed differences in disease behavior. Clinical and functional data were analyzed in 73 IPF patients, followed long-time as candidates for lung transplantation. The forced vital capacity (FVC) change/year (< or ≥10% predicted) was used to define “slow” or “rapid” disease progression. Pathological abnormalities were quantified in the explanted lung of 41 out of 73 patients undergoing lung transplantation. At diagnosis, slow progressors (n = 48) showed longer duration of symptoms and lower FVC than rapid progressors (n = 25). Eleven slow and 3 rapid progressors developed an acute exacerbation (AE) during follow-up. Quantitative lung pathology showed a severe innate and adaptive inflammatory infiltrate in rapid progressors, markedly increased compared to slow progressors and similar to that observed in patients experiencing AE. The extent of inflammation was correlated with the yearly FVC decline (r = 0.52, p = 0.005). In conclusion an innate and adaptive inflammation appears to be a prominent feature in the lung of patients with IPF and could contribute to determining of the rate of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Balestro
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Graziella Turato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marulli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Biondini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanduzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rigobello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel G. Cosio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Respiratory Division Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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50
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White MJV, Gomer RH. Trypsin, Tryptase, and Thrombin Polarize Macrophages towards a Pro-Fibrotic M2a Phenotype. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138748. [PMID: 26407067 PMCID: PMC4583378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For both wound healing and the formation of a fibrotic lesion, circulating monocytes enter the tissue and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes and pro-fibrotic M2a macrophages, which together with fibroblasts form scar tissue. Monocytes can also differentiate into classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. The proteases thrombin, which is activated during blood clotting, and tryptase, which is released by activated mast cells, potentiate fibroblast proliferation and fibrocyte differentiation, but their effect on macrophages is unknown. Here we report that thrombin, tryptase, and the protease trypsin bias human macrophage differentiation towards a pro-fibrotic M2a phenotype expressing high levels of galectin-3 from unpolarized monocytes, or from M1 and M2 macrophages, and that these effects appear to operate through protease-activated receptors. These results suggest that proteases can initiate scar tissue formation by affecting fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. V. White
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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